File No. 811-04347
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
December 2, 2009
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT
COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 175
þ
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
GMO Trust
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
c/o GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Address of principal executive offices)
(617) 330-7500
(Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code)
J.B. Kittredge, Esq.
GMO Trust
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Name and address of agent for service)
Copy to:
Thomas R. Hiller, Esq.
Ropes & Gray LLP
One International Place
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
It is intended that this filing become effective immediately upon filing in accordance with Section
8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
THIS FILING RELATES SOLELY TO GMO DEBT OPPORTUNITIES FUND AND GMO HIGH QUALITY SHORT-DURATION BOND
FUND; IT IS INTENDED THAT NO INFORMATION RELATING TO ANY OTHER SERIES OF GMO TRUST IS AMENDED OR
SUPERSEDED HEREBY.
PRIVATE
PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM
December 2, 2009
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
(the Fund) is a separate investment portfolio of GMO Trust (the
Trust). The Trust is an open-end management investment company and operates as a series
investment company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, including the Fund.
Other portfolios are described in separate prospectuses or private placement memoranda. At this
time, the Fund does not intend to offer its shares publicly or to make them available other than to
other funds of the Trust (GMO Funds) and certain other accredited investors.
Investment Manager
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
This Private Placement Memorandum concisely describes the information which you ought to know
about the Fund before investing. Please read this memorandum carefully and keep it for further
reference. A Statement of Additional Information dated December 2, 2009, as revised from time to
time (SAI), is available free of charge by writing to GMO Shareholder Services, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling 1-617-346-7646. The SAI, which contains more detailed
information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum.
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS
AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD UNLESS SO
REGISTERED OR IN TRANSACTIONS EXEMPT THEREFROM. HOWEVER, THE SECURITIES ARE REDEEMABLE AS
DESCRIBED IN THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM. IN CERTAIN CASES INVESTORS MAY BE REDEEMED
IN-KIND AND RECEIVE PORTFOLIO SECURITIES HELD BY THE FUND IN LIEU OF CASH UPON REDEMPTION.
THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE
USE OF THE RECIPIENT FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF EVALUATING THE PRIVATE PLACEMENT OF SHARES OF THE FUND
DESCRIBED HEREIN. IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED, PROVIDED, OR DISCLOSED TO OTHERS, OR USED FOR ANY
OTHER PURPOSE, WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION, AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY SHARES OF THE FUND TO ANY ENTITY OR INDIVIDUAL NOT POSSESSING THE
QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIBED IN THIS MEMORANDUM.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION WITH
RESPECT TO THE SHARES EXCEPT SUCH INFORMATION AS IS CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM AND IN THE SAI OR
IN OTHER MATERIALS APPROVED BY THE TRUST. NO SALES MADE IN RELIANCE ON THIS DOCUMENT SHALL UNDER
ANY CIRCUMSTANCES CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN MATTERS DISCUSSED HEREIN
SINCE THE DATE HEREOF.
FUND SUMMARY
This summary is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments, employ strategies, and
be exposed to risks that are not described in this summary. More information about the Funds
investments and strategies is contained in the SAI. Except for policies identified in the SAI as
fundamental, the Funds Board of Trustees (Trustees) may change the Funds investment objective
or policies without shareholder approval. The Funds investment manager is Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO) (see Management of the Fund below for a description
of the Manager).
The Fund, by itself, is not intended to provide a complete investment program,
and investment in the Fund should only be considered as part of a diversified portfolio that
includes other investments.
Investment objective
The Fund seeks a positive total return.
Principal
investment strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in debt investments.
The Fund is permitted to make investments in all types of U.S. and foreign debt investments,
without regard to the credit rating of the obligor. The Fund may invest in debt investments
issued by a wide range of private issuers and by federal, state, local, and
foreign governments (including securities neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government).
The Fund may invest in asset-backed securities, including, but not limited to, securities backed by
pools of residential and commercial mortgages, credit-card receivables, home equity loans,
automobile loans, educational loans, corporate and sovereign bonds, and bank loans made to
corporations. In addition, the Fund may invest in corporate debt securities, money market
instruments, and commercial paper, and enter into credit default swaps, reverse repurchase
agreements, and repurchase agreements. The Fund also may use other exchange-traded and
over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. The Fund is not restricted in its exposure to any type of
debt investment, and at times may be substantially exposed to a single type of debt investment (e.g., asset-backed securities). The Funds debt investments may include all types
of interest rate, payment, and reset terms, including fixed rate, adjustable rate, zero coupon,
contingent, deferred, payment-in-kind, and auction rate features. The Fund may invest in
securities of any credit quality. There is no limit on the amount of the Funds total assets that
may be invested in below investment grade securities, and the Fund may invest in material positions
of below investment grade securities. Debt investments rated below investment grade are also known
as high yield or junk bonds. Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its
assets in debt investments (the Name Policy) (see Name Policy below for more information). The
Fund is not a diversified investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the 1940 Act).
Upon the commencement of its operations, the Fund initially expects to invest substantially all of its
assets in asset-backed securities, a substantial portion of which will be junk bonds.
The Fund may invest in unaffiliated money market funds. Additionally, the Fund may (but is
not required to) invest in GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (U.S. Treasury Fund), another series of GMO
Trust described in a separate prospectus (see Investment in Other GMO Funds below for a more
detailed description of U.S. Treasury Funds investment objectives and strategies).
In selecting debt investments for the Funds portfolio, the Manager emphasizes a bottom-up
approach to examining and selecting investments and uses analytical techniques to identify
inefficiencies in the pricing of investments and to identify those the Manager believes are
undervalued.
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The Fund does not seek to maintain a specified interest rate duration for its portfolio.
Unless otherwise specified in this Private Placement Memorandum or in the SAI, the Manager is not obligated to and generally will not consider tax consequences when seeking
to achieve the Funds investment objective (e.g., the Fund may engage in transactions that are not
tax efficient for shareholders subject to U.S. federal income tax). Portfolio turnover is not a
principal consideration when the Manager makes investment decisions for the Fund. Based on its
assessment of market conditions, the Manager may cause the Fund to trade more frequently at some
times than at others. High turnover rates may adversely affect the Funds performance by
generating additional expenses and may result in additional taxable income for its shareholders.
When used in this Private Placement Memorandum, the term invest includes both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct investments and
indirect investments. For example, the Fund may invest indirectly by investing in another Fund or
by investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments.
In addition, the term debt investments
includes (i) obligations of an issuer to make payments of principal and/or interest (including variable or floating payments) on future dates
and (ii) synthetic debt instruments created by the Manager by using a futures contract, swap
contract, currency forward or option. For purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, (a) the
term duration is defined as the estimated interest rate sensitivity of a debt investment, and (b) and the
term total return includes both capital appreciation and income.
For purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, the term investment grade refers to a
rating of Baa3/P-2 or better given by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or BBB-/A-2 or
better given by Standard & Poors Ratings Services (S&P) to a particular debt
investment/commercial paper, and the term below investment grade refers to any rating below
Baa3/P-2 given by Moodys or below BBB-/A-2 given by S&P to a particular debt investment/commercial
paper. Securities referred to as investment grade or below investment grade include not only
securities rated by Moodys and/or S&P, but also securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are
determined by the Manager to have credit qualities comparable to securities rated by Moodys or S&P
as investment grade or below investment grade, as applicable.
Principal risks of investing in the Fund
The value of the Funds shares changes with the value of the Funds investments. Many factors
can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. Factors that may affect
the Funds portfolio as a whole are called principal risks and are summarized in this section.
This summary describes the nature of these principal risks and certain related risks, but is not
intended to include every potential risk. Many of these risks are more pronounced as a result of
current global economic conditions that began to unfold in 2008. The Fund could be subject to
additional risks because the types of investments it makes may change over time. The SAI includes
more information about the Fund and its investments. For purposes of
the principal risks described in this section, references to fixed income securities include the Funds debt investments.
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MARKET RISKFIXED INCOME SECURITIES
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The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the risk of unfavorable changes in the value of
Fund holdings. The following summarizes certain general market risks associated with investments
in or exposure to fixed income securities.
Market risks apply for the Fund by virtue of its investments in asset-backed securities.
Asset-backed securities may be backed by many types of assets, including pools of residential and
commercial mortgages, automobile loans, educational loans, home equity loans, or credit-card
receivables. They also may be backed by pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans made to
corporations, or a
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combination of these bonds and loans (commonly referred to as collateralized debt
obligations). Payment of interest on asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely
depend on the cash flows generated by the underlying assets backing the securities. The amount of
market risk associated with asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including the deal
structure (e.g., determination as to the amount of underlying assets or other support needed to
produce the cash flows necessary to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of
the underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the
credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve risk of
loss of principal if obligors of the underlying obligations default in payment of the obligations
and the defaulted obligations exceed the credit support. The obligations of issuers (and obligors
of underlying assets) also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the
rights and remedies of creditors. See Credit and Counterparty Risk below for more information
about credit risk.
With the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in
2008, the markets for asset-backed securities became fractured and uncertainty about the
creditworthiness of those securities (and underlying collateral) caused credit spreads (the
difference between yields on the asset-backed securities and U.S. Government securities) to widen
dramatically. Concurrently, systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman
Brothers and subsequent market disruptions reduced the ability of financial institutions to make
markets in many fixed income securities generally. These events reduced liquidity for securitized
credits and contributed to substantial declines in the value of asset-backed and other fixed income
securities. There can be no assurance these conditions will not continue or that they will not
deteriorate further. Also, government actions and proposals affecting the terms of underlying home
and consumer loans, changes in demand for products (e.g., automobiles) financed by those loans, and
the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans (e.g., sub-prime mortgages), have had, and
may continue to have, adverse valuation and liquidity effects on asset-backed securities.
The value of an asset-backed security may depend on the servicing of its underlying asset and
is, therefore, subject to risks associated with the negligence or defalcation of its servicer. In
some circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation also may affect the rights of security
holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables
or that utilize the assets may result in a decline in the value of the underlying assets, as well
as costs and delays. The obligations underlying asset-backed securities, in particular securities
backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, also are subject to unscheduled prepayment
and the Fund may be unable to invest prepayments at as high a yield as the asset-backed security.
The risks associated with asset-backed securities are particularly pronounced for the Fund.
The Fund also may be subject to greater risk because asset-backed securities representing diverse
sectors (e.g., auto loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and credit-card receivables) have
become more highly correlated since the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity
conditions referred to above. See Focused Investment Risk below for a discussion of these risks
of investing in correlated sectors.
Market risk for fixed income securities is amplified by liquidity risk which has become more
pronounced since the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions referred to
above. See Liquidity Risk below. Even in the absence of a credit downgrade or default, the price
of fixed income securities held by the Fund may decline significantly due to reduction in market
demand.
A principal risk of the Funds investments in fixed income securities (including bonds, notes,
bills, synthetic debt instruments, and asset-backed securities) is that the values of those
securities typically change as interest rates fluctuate. The risk associated with fluctuating
interest rates (also called interest rate risk) is generally greater for funds investing in fixed
income securities with longer durations.
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Interest rate risk relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest
rates. The value of fixed-rate securities generally falls when interest rates rise, since
prospective interest payments on new bonds will exceed current payments on existing bonds; the
opposite is true when interest rates fall, since current investments have locked in a higher
interest rate. The extent to which a securitys value moves with interest rates is referred to as
interest rate duration, which can be measured mathematically or empirically. Longer-maturity
investments generally have longer durations, as the investments fixed rate is locked in for longer
periods of time. Floating-rate or adjustable-rate securities, however, generally have short
interest rate durations, since their interest rates are not fixed but rather float up and down with
the level of prevailing interest rates.
The Fund is exposed to liquidity risk when low trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large
position, or legal restrictions limit or prevent the Fund from selling securities or closing
derivative positions at desirable prices. Because the Funds principal investment strategies
involve investing in fixed income securities, in particular asset-backed securities, its
investments may not be as liquid as those of other fixed income funds. The Fund also will have
increased exposure to liquidity risk to the extent it uses derivatives (in particular OTC
derivatives) as part of its principal investment strategies. Some derivatives (in particular OTC
derivatives) are more likely to be fair valued (see Determination of Net Asset Value). The Fund
may not be able to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in such investments at a
desirable price. In addition, the Funds holdings in assets for which the relevant market is or
becomes less liquid are more susceptible to loss of value. Less liquid securities also may fall
more in price than other securities during periods when markets decline generally.
The Fund is also exposed to liquidity risk when it has an obligation to purchase particular
securities (e.g., as a result of entering into reverse repurchase agreements, writing a put, or
closing out a short position). Some of the markets, exchanges, or securities in which the Fund
invests may prove to be less liquid and this would affect the price at which, and the time period
in which, the Fund may liquidate positions to meet redemption requests or other funding
requirements. As noted under Market Risk Fixed Income Securities above, since the
deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008, liquidity
risk has been pronounced for funds that invest in fixed income securities, and particularly
asset-backed securities.
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FOCUSED INVESTMENT RISK
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Funds whose investments are focused in industries with high positive correlations to one
another (e.g., different industries within broad sectors, such as technology or financial services)
may be subject to greater overall risk than funds whose investments are more diversified.
Therefore, those funds should only be considered as part of a diversified portfolio that includes
other investments. A fund that focuses its investments in a particular type of security or in
securities of companies in a particular industry may be especially vulnerable to events affecting
those securities or companies because those securities or companies may share common
characteristics, are often subject to similar business risks and regulatory burdens, and often
react similarly to specific economic, market, political, or other developments. This risk is
particularly pronounced for the Fund because of its significant exposure to asset-backed
securities. As noted under Market RiskFixed Income Securities above, sectors of the
securitized credit markets have become more highly correlated since the deterioration of worldwide
economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008.
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CREDIT AND COUNTERPARTY RISK
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This is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security, the counterparty to
a repurchase agreement or other OTC derivative contract, or a borrower of the Funds securities
will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal, interest, or settlement payments or otherwise
to honor its obligations. This risk is particularly acute in environments in which financial
services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman
Brothers in 2008 and subsequent market disruptions.
Credit risk for fixed income securities is the risk that the issuer will be unable to make
scheduled contractual payments of principal and interest. The value of the Funds investments can
decline as a result of an issuers defaulting in its payment obligations or the markets
expectation of a default. The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuers of the fixed income
securities in which it invests will have their credit ratings downgraded. Nearly all fixed income
securities are subject to some credit risk. The risk varies depending upon whether the issuers of
the securities are corporations or domestic or foreign governments or their sub-divisions or
instrumentalities and whether the particular note or other instrument held by the Fund has priority
in payment of principal and interest. U.S. government securities are subject to varying degrees of
credit risk depending upon whether the securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the
United States, supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, supported only by the
credit of the issuing U.S. government agency, instrumentality, or corporation, or otherwise
supported by the United States. For example, issuers of many types of U.S. government securities
(e.g., the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage
Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home Loan Banks), although chartered or sponsored by
Congress, are not funded by Congressional appropriations, and their fixed income securities,
including mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, are neither guaranteed nor insured by
the U.S. government. These securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government
securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S.
Treasury bonds).
As noted under Market Risk Fixed Income Securities above, asset-backed securities may be
backed by many types of assets, including pools of residential and commercial mortgages, automobile
loans, educational loans, home equity loans, or credit-card receivables. Asset-backed securities
also may be collateralized by the fees earned by service providers. They also may be backed by
pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans made to corporations, or a combination of these
bonds and loans (commonly referred to as collateralized debt obligations). Payment of interest on
asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depend on the cash flows generated by
the underlying assets backing the securities. The amount of market risk associated with
asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including the deal structure (e.g., determination
as to the amount of underlying assets or other support needed to produce the cash flows necessary
to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of the underlying assets, the level
of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit quality of the
credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of principal if
obligors of the underlying obligations default in payment of the obligations and the defaulted
obligations exceed the credit support. The obligations of issuers (and obligors of underlying
assets) also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and
remedies of creditors.
The obligations of issuers also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws
affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. The Fund also will be exposed to credit risk on
the reference security to the extent it writes protection under credit default swaps. See
Derivatives Risk below for more information regarding risks associated with the use of credit
default swaps.
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Credit risk is particularly pronounced for below investment grade securities (also known as
junk bonds). During periods of economic uncertainty and change, the market price of the Funds
investments in below investment grade securities and the Funds net asset value may be particularly
volatile. Although offering the potential for higher investment returns, junk bonds often are less
liquid than higher quality securities, their issuers ability to meet principal and interest
payments is considered speculative, and they are more susceptible to real or perceived adverse
economic and competitive industry conditions. Junk bonds often also are subject to greater risk of
loss, greater sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes, valuation difficulties, and a
potential lack of a market. The market price of these securities can change suddenly and
unexpectedly. The Fund is subject to this risk to the extent that it directly or indirectly
acquires or holds below investment grade securities. Credit risk is particularly pronounced for
the Fund because there is no limit on the Funds investments in below investment grade securities.
In addition, the Fund is exposed to counterparty risk to the extent it uses OTC derivatives
(such as repurchase agreements) or it lends its portfolio securities. See Derivatives Risk above
for more information. If a counterpartys obligation to the Fund under such an arrangement is not
collateralized, then the Fund is essentially an unsecured creditor of the counterparty and there
can be no assurance that a counterparty will meet its obligations, especially during unusually
adverse market conditions. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies,
but the Fund may be unable to enforce its contractual rights. The Fund is subject in particular to
the creditworthiness of counterparties because certain types of swap contracts used by the Fund may
have durations longer than six months. Counterparty risk is still present even if a counterpartys
obligations are structured to be secured by collateral because the Funds interest in the
collateral may not be perfected, or the derivative may not be promptly marked-to-market and
additional collateral may not be promptly posted. In addition, the Fund may have significant
exposure to a single counterparty as a result of its use of swaps and other OTC derivatives.
The Fund may invest in derivatives, which are financial contracts whose value depends on, or
is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices. Derivatives may
relate to securities, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, and related indices.
The Fund may use derivatives for many purposes, including as a substitute for direct investment in
securities and as a means to hedge other investments. The Fund also may use derivatives as a way
to adjust its exposure to various securities, markets, and currencies without actually having to
sell existing investments and make new investments. This generally is done when the adjustment is
expected to be relatively temporary or in anticipation of selling Fund assets and making new
investments over time. The SAI contains a description of the various derivatives that the Fund may
utilize.
The use of derivatives involves risks different from, and potentially greater than, the risks
associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. In particular,
the use of derivatives exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty to an OTC derivative
contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise to honor its
obligations. OTC derivative contracts typically can be closed out only with the other party to the
contract. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be
no assurance that the counterparty will meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will be
able to enforce its contractual rights. For example, because the contract for each OTC derivative
is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the Fund is subject to the risk that a
counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the
Fund. If that occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund
to enforce its contractual rights may lead the Fund to decide not to pursue its claims against the
counterparty. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments
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the Manager believes are owed to it under OTC derivative contracts or that those payments may
be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, the Fund
may invest in derivatives as to which the counterpartys obligations are not secured by collateral
(e.g., foreign currency forwards), that require collateral but in which the Funds security
interest is not perfected, that require a significant upfront deposit unrelated to the derivatives
intrinsic value, or in which the derivative is not regularly marked-to-market (e.g., certain OTC
derivatives). Even where obligations are collateralized, there is usually a lag between the day
the collateral is called for and the day the Fund receives the collateral. When the
counterparties obligations are not fully secured by collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the
risk of having limited recourse if a counterparty defaults. Due to the nature of the Funds
investments, the Fund may invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties and events
that affect the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the
Fund. Derivatives risk is particularly acute in environments (like those prevailing recently) in
which financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the
insolvency of Lehman Brothers and subsequent market disruptions.
Derivatives also are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, and credit and counterparty risk. Many
derivatives, in particular OTC derivatives, are complex and their valuation often requires
judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, and there can be no
assurance that the pricing models employed by the Funds third-party valuation services and/or the
Manager will produce valuations that are reflective of levels at which such swaps and other OTC
derivatives may actually be closed out or sold. This valuation risk is more pronounced in cases
where the Fund enters into swaps and other OTC derivatives with specialized terms because the value
of those derivatives in some cases is determined in part by reference to similar derivatives with
more standardized terms. As a result, improper valuations may result in increased cash payments to
counterparties, undercollateralization and/or errors in the calculation of the Funds net asset
value.
Derivatives also involve the risk that changes in their value may not correlate perfectly with
the assets, rates, or indices they are designed to hedge or closely track. The use of derivatives
also may increase the taxes payable by shareholders. Suitable derivatives are not available in all
circumstances. For example, if a counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the
Fund, the Fund will not be permitted to trade with that counterparty.
The Fund will use its cash balance to meet its collateral obligations and for other purposes. There is no
assurance that the Fund's cash balance will be sufficient to meet those obligations. If it is not, the Fund
would be required to liquidate portfolio positions. To manage the Funds cash collateral needs, the
Manager reserves the right to reduce or eliminate the Fund's derivative exposures.
There can be no assurance
that the Funds use of derivatives will be effective or will have the desired results. In
addition, the Manager may decide not to use derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce the Funds
risk exposures.
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MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISK
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The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical events may disrupt securities markets and
adversely affect global economies and markets generally. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have had
a substantial effect on economies and securities markets in the U.S. and worldwide. Terrorism in
the U.S. and around the world has had a similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk.
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets
for four days, and similar future events are possible. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical
events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have
adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, systemic
market dislocations of the kind surrounding the insolvency of Lehman Brothers in 2008 may be highly
disruptive to economies and markets. Those events as well as other changes in foreign and domestic
economic and political conditions also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups
of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and
other factors affecting the value of the Funds investments. At such times, the Funds exposure to
the risks described elsewhere in this section, including market risk, liquidity risk, and credit
and counterparty risk, can increase.
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To the extent that shares of the Fund are held by large shareholders (e.g., institutional
investors or asset allocation funds), the Fund is subject to the risk that these shareholders will
purchase or redeem Fund shares in large amounts and/or on a frequent basis. These transactions
will affect the Fund, since the Fund may have to make redemptions in-kind or sell portfolio
securities to satisfy redemption requests or purchase portfolio securities to invest cash. This
risk will be particularly pronounced if one shareholder owns a substantial portion of the Fund. A
substantial percentage of the Fund may be held by other GMO Funds and/or separate accounts managed
by the Manager for its clients. Asset allocation decisions by the Manager may result in
substantial redemptions from (or investments into) the Fund. These transactions may adversely
affect the Funds performance to the extent that the Fund is required to sell investments (or
invest cash) at times when it would not otherwise do so. These transactions also may accelerate
the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments result in gains, and
also may increase transaction costs. These transactions potentially limit the use of any capital
loss carry forwards to offset future net realized gains and may limit or prevent the Funds ability
to use tax equalization.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Managers ability to achieve
its investment objective. The Manager uses proprietary investment techniques and risk analyses in
making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no assurance that the Manager will
achieve the desired results. The Manager, for example, may fail to use derivatives effectively,
choosing to hedge or not to hedge positions at disadvantageous times. The Fund generally does not
take temporary defensive positions and instead generally stays fully invested in fixed income
securities and related derivative instruments.
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FUND OF FUNDS RISK AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS
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The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, including other GMO Funds and
money market funds (underlying funds), and is exposed to the risk that the underlying funds will
not perform as expected. The Fund also is indirectly exposed to all of the risks applicable to an
investment in the underlying funds. Because the Fund bears the fees and expenses of the underlying
funds in which it invests, total Fund expenses may increase if Fund assets are invested in
underlying funds with higher fees or expenses than existing investments. In addition, the fees and
expenses associated with an investment in the Fund will be less predictable and may potentially be
higher than fees of funds that only invest in less expensive asset classes. In addition, funds
that invest in shares of other GMO Funds also are likely to be subject to Large Shareholder Risk
because underlying GMO Funds are more likely to have large shareholders (e.g., other GMO Funds).
-8-
The Fund is not a diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act. This
means that the Fund is allowed to invest in the securities of a relatively small number of issuers
and/or foreign currencies. As a result, the Fund may be subject to greater credit, market, and
other risks, and poor performance by a single issuer may have a greater impact on the Funds
performance than if the Fund were diversified.
-9-
Fees and expenses
The table below shows the expected cost of investing in the Fund.
Annual Fund operating expenses
(expenses that are paid from Fund assets as a percentage of average daily net assets):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class III
|
|
|
Class VI
|
|
Management fee
|
|
|
0.25
|
%
|
|
|
0.25
|
%
|
Shareholder Service Fee
|
|
|
0.15
|
%
|
|
|
0.055
|
%
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
0.04
|
%
1,2
|
|
|
0.04
|
%
1,2
|
Total annual fund operating expenses
|
|
|
0.44
|
%
1
|
|
|
0.35
|
%
1
|
Expense reimbursement
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)%
1,3
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)%
1,3
|
Net annual expenses
|
|
|
0.40
|
%
1
|
|
|
0.31
|
%
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
The amounts indicated above represent an annualized estimate of the Funds operating
expenses for its initial fiscal year.
|
|
2
|
|
Other expenses reflect the aggregate of estimated direct expenses associated with an
investment in the Fund and the estimated indirect net expenses associated with the Funds
investment in certain other pooled investment vehicles (the underlying funds). Amounts do not
include expenses associated with investments in the securities of unaffiliated issuers unless such
issuers hold themselves out to be investment companies. Net fees and expenses of underlying funds
are estimated to be less than 0.01%.
|
|
3
|
|
The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund for expenses incurred by
the Fund through at least June 30, 2010 to the extent the Funds total annual operating expenses
(excluding shareholder service fees, expenses indirectly incurred by investment in other Funds of
the Trust, fees and expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust, fees and expenses for legal
services not approved by the Manager for the Trust, compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief
Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities lending
fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs (including
expenses associated with investments in any company that is an investment company (including an
exchange-traded fund) or would be an investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions
to the definition of investment company provided in Section 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act),
hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses
(including taxes)(collectively, Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses)) exceed 0.25% of the Funds
average daily net assets. In addition, the Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund
through at least June 30, 2010 to the extent the sum of (a) the Funds total annual operating
expenses (excluding Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses) and (b) the amount of fees and expenses
incurred indirectly by the Fund through its investment in U.S. Treasury Fund (excluding U.S.
Treasury Funds Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses) exceeds 0.25% of the Funds average daily net
assets, subject to a maximum total reimbursement to the Fund equal to 0.25% of the Funds average
daily net assets.
|
-10-
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, provides investment management and
shareholder services to the Fund and other GMO Funds. GMO is a private company, founded in 1977.
As of September 30, 2009, GMO managed on a worldwide basis more than
$101.6 billion of assets for the GMO
Funds and institutional investors, such as pension plans, endowments, and foundations.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, the Manager establishes and modifies when it deems
appropriate the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management of the Funds
investment portfolio and the shareholder services it provides to the Fund, the Manager administers
the Funds business affairs.
The Fund pays the Manager shareholder service fees for providing client service and reporting,
such as performance information reporting, client account information, personal and electronic
access to Fund information, access to analysis and explanations of Fund reports, and assistance in
maintaining and correcting client-related information.
The Managers annual compensation for investment management services rendered is 0.25% of the
Funds average daily net assets for each class of shares.
A discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the Funds initial investment
management contract will be included in the Funds annual or semiannual shareholder report for the
period during which the Trustees approved that contract.
GMOs Fixed Income Division is responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
The Divisions investment professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no
one person is primarily responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
William Nemerever and Thomas Cooper are the senior members and co-directors of the Fixed
Income Division. Each has been a senior member of the Division since 1993. As senior members and
co-directors, Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper jointly allocate responsibility for portions of the
Funds portfolio to members of the Division, oversee the implementation of trades, review the
overall composition of the portfolio, including compliance with its stated investment objective and
strategies, and monitor cash.
Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper have been jointly responsible for overseeing the portfolio
management of GMOs global fixed income portfolios since 1993. In general, Mr. Nemerever focuses on
investment strategy, while Mr. Cooper focuses on instrument selection.
The SAI contains other information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior
members, other accounts they manage and related conflicts, and their ownership of the Fund.
Custodian, Fund Accounting Agent, and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves
as the Funds custodian, fund accounting agent, and transfer agent.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close
of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
The
-11-
Funds NAV per share for a class of shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Funds
portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class by the
total number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. The Fund will not determine its NAV on any
day when the NYSE is closed for business and will not be valued (and accordingly, transactions in
shares of the Fund will not be processed) on days when the U.S. bond markets are closed. The Fund
also may elect not to determine its NAV on days during which no share is tendered for redemption
and no order to purchase or sell a share is received by the Fund.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
Exchange-listed securities
|
|
|
Last sale price or
|
|
|
|
|
Official closing price or
|
|
|
|
|
Most recent bid price (if no reported sale or official closing price) or
|
|
|
|
|
Broker bid (if the private market is more relevant in determining market value
than the exchange), based on where the securities are principally traded and their
intended disposition
|
Unlisted securities
(if market quotations are readily available)
|
|
|
Most recent quoted bid price
|
|
|
|
Note: There can be no assurance that brokers will be able to provide bid prices. If quotes
are not used, the Fund would seek alternative valuation methodologies (e.g., valuing the
relevant assets at fair value as described below).
|
Certain debt obligations
(if less than sixty days remain until maturity)
|
|
|
Amortized cost (unless circumstances dictate otherwise; for example, if the
issuers creditworthiness has become impaired)
|
All other fixed income securities and options on those securities (except for options written by
the Fund)
(includes bonds, loans, structured notes)
|
|
|
Most recent bid supplied by a primary pricing source chosen by the Manager
|
Options written by the Fund
Shares of other open-end registered investment companies
-12-
Fair Value Pricing
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where market prices
are not readily available or circumstances render an existing methodology or procedure unreliable,
the Funds investments will be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees
or pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
|
|
|
A significant percentage of the Funds assets may be fair
valued. The value of assets that are fair valued is determined by the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved
by the Trustees. Some of the factors that may be considered in determining
fair value are the value of other financial instruments traded on other
markets, trading volumes, changes in interest rates, observations from
financial institutions, significant events (which may be considered to include
changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after
the close of the relevant market and before the time that the Funds net asset
value is calculated, other news events, and significant unobservable inputs
(including the Funds own assumptions in determining the fair value of
investments). Although the goal of fair valuation is to determine the amount
the owner of the securities might reasonably expect to receive upon their
current sale, because of the uncertainty inherent in fair value pricing, the
fair value determined for a particular security may be materially different
than the value realized upon its sale.
|
The values of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars
generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time at then current exchange rates or at such other rates as the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction may determine appropriate in computing net asset
value.
The Manager evaluates pricing sources on an ongoing basis, and may change a pricing source at
any time. The Manager normally does not evaluate the prices supplied by pricing sources on a
day-to-day basis. The Manager monitors erratic or unusual movements (including unusual inactivity)
in the prices supplied for a security and has discretion to override a price supplied by a source
(e.g., by taking a price supplied by another) when it believes that the price supplied is not
reliable. Some securities held by the Fund may be valued on the basis of a price provided by a
principal market maker. Prices provided by principal market makers may vary from the value that
would be realized if the securities were sold, and the differences could be material to the Fund.
In addition, because the Fund may hold portfolio securities listed on foreign exchanges that trade
on days on which the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are closed, the net asset value of the Funds
shares may change significantly on days when shares cannot be redeemed.
NAME POLICY
The Fund will not change its Name Policy without providing its shareholders at least 60 days
prior written notice. When used in connection with the Funds Name Policy, assets include the
Funds net assets plus any borrowings made for investment purposes.
-13-
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings. That
policy is described in the SAI. Information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each
months end is made available to shareholders of the Trust, qualified potential shareholders as
determined by GMO (potential shareholders), and their consultants or agents through a secured
link on GMOs website approximately five days after month end. Periodically, in response to
heightened market interest in specific issuers, a Funds holdings in one or more issuers may be
made available on a more frequent basis to shareholders of the Trust, potential shareholders, and
their consultants or agents through a secured link on GMOs website. This information may be
posted as soon as the business day following the date to which the information relates.
To access this information on GMOs website (http://www.gmo.com/america/strategies),
shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents must contact GMO to obtain a
password and user name (to the extent they do not already have them) and enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that permits the information to be used only for
purposes determined by GMO to be in the best interest of the shareholders of the Fund. GMO may
make portfolio holdings information available in alternate formats under the conditions described
in the SAI.
The Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings, and the Fund may modify the
disclosure policy, without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings will
remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual
report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the
date of those holdings.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Currently, shares of the Fund are principally available for purchase by other GMO Funds and
certain other accredited investors. All investors must be accredited investors as defined in
Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933.
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares from the Trust when both the
NYSE and the U.S. bond markets are open for business. For instructions on purchasing shares, call
the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust will not accept a purchase
request until it has received a GMO Trust Application deemed to be in good order by the Trust or
its agent. In addition, the Trust will not accept a purchase request unless an IRS Form W-9 (for
U.S. shareholders) or the appropriate IRS Form W-8 (for foreign shareholders) with a correct
taxpayer identification number (if required) is on file with GMO and such W-9 or W-8 is deemed to
be in good order as determined by the Trusts withholding agent, State Street Bank and Trust
Company. Please consult your tax adviser to ensure all tax forms provided to the Trust are
completed properly and maintained, as required, in good order. GMO has the right to make final
good order assessments.
Purchase Policies.
You must submit a purchase request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a purchase request is in good order if it includes:
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|
|
The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being purchased;
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|
|
|
The U.S. dollar amount of the shares to be purchased;
|
|
|
|
|
The date on which the purchase is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the close
of regular trading on that date);
|
-14-
|
|
|
The name and/or the account number (if any) set forth with sufficient clarity to
avoid ambiguity;
|
|
|
|
|
The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application;
and
|
|
|
|
|
Payment in full (by check, wire, or, when approved, securities) received by an agent
of the Trust by 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or the close of the NYSE, whichever is earlier.
|
|
|
|
If payment is not received prior to the close of regular trading on the
intended purchase date, the request may be rejected unless prior arrangements for
later payment have been approved by GMO.
|
If the purchase request is received in good order by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the purchase price for the Fund shares to
be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day (plus any applicable purchase
premium). If that request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the purchase
price for the Fund shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on the next
business day that the NYSE is open (plus any applicable purchase premium). Purchase requests that
are received on days when the U.S. bond markets are closed will not be accepted until the next day
on which the U.S. bond markets are open, and the purchase price for the Funds shares to be
purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day (plus any applicable purchase
premium). Purchase premiums (if any) are not charged on reinvestments of dividends.
To help the U.S. government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities,
federal law requires the Trust to verify identifying information provided by each investor in its
GMO Trust Application. Additional identifying documentation also may be required. If the Trust is
unable to verify the information shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed
and your shares redeemed at their net asset value at the time of the redemption.
The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase order. In addition, without notice, the
Fund in its sole discretion may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares to new
investors and, in some circumstances, existing shareholders.
Minimum investment amounts (by class) are set forth in the tables on page 19 of this Private
Placement Memorandum. No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares
of a class of the Fund. The Trust may waive initial minimums for some investors.
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (the Cut-off Time) and receive the current days price if
the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a purchase request prior to the
Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the purchases by the Top Fund of shares of the Fund are executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form
.
Completed purchase order forms can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust
at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
-15-
Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to
confirm that GMO
received, made a good order determination regarding, and accepted
your purchase order form. Do not
send cash, checks, or securities directly to the Trust. A purchase request submitted by mail is
received by the Trust when it is actually delivered to the Trust or its agent. A purchase
request delivered by facsimile is received by the Trust when it is actually received by the
Trust or its delegates.
Funding Your Investment
. You may purchase shares:
|
|
|
with cash (via wire transfer or check)
|
|
|
|
By wire
. Instruct your bank to wire the amount of your investment to:
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts
ABA#: 011000028
Attn: Transfer Agent
Credit: GMO Deposit Account 00330902
Further credit: GMO Debt Opportunities Fund/Account name and number
|
|
|
By check
. All checks must be made payable to the Fund or to GMO Trust.
The Trust will not accept checks payable to a third party that have been endorsed
by the payee to the Trust. Mail checks to:
|
|
|
|
By U.S. Postal Service:
|
|
By Overnight Courier:
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
|
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
|
Transfer Agency/GMO
|
|
Attn: Transfer Agency/GMO
|
Box 5493
|
|
200 Clarendon Street
|
Mail Code JHT1651
|
|
Mail Code JHT1651
|
Boston, MA 02206
|
|
Boston, MA 02116
|
|
|
|
in exchange for securities acceptable to the Manager
|
|
|
|
securities must be approved by the Manager prior to transfer to the Fund.
|
|
|
|
|
securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
|
|
|
|
by a combination of cash and securities
|
Frequent Trading Activity.
As a matter of policy, the Trust will not honor requests for
purchases or exchanges by shareholders identified as engaging in frequent trading strategies,
including market timing, that GMO determines could be harmful to certain other Funds and their
shareholders. Frequent trading strategies are generally strategies that involve repeated exchanges
and/or purchases and redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time.
Frequent trading strategies may be disruptive to the efficient management of such Funds, materially
increase portfolio transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term
investors, or otherwise be harmful to such Funds and their shareholders.
Notwithstanding the
foregoing, these policies and procedures do not limit frequent trading of the Fund.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares when both the NYSE and the U.S.
bond markets are open for business. Redemption requests should be submitted to the Trust. For
-16-
instructions on redeeming shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com. The Trust may take up to seven days to remit proceeds.
Redemption Policies.
You must submit a redemption request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a redemption request is in good order if it includes:
|
|
|
The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being redeemed;
|
|
|
|
|
The number of shares or the dollar amount of the shares to be redeemed;
|
|
|
|
|
The date on which the redemption is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the
close of regular trading on that date);
|
|
|
|
|
The name and/or the account number set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid
ambiguity;
|
|
|
|
|
The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list; and
|
|
|
|
|
Wire instructions or registration address that match the wire instructions or
registration address (as applicable) on file at GMO or confirmation from an authorized
signatory that the wire instructions are valid.
|
If a redemption request in good order is received by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the redemption price for the Fund shares to
be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on that day (less any applicable redemption
fee). Redemption requests in good order that are received on days when the U.S. bond markets are
closed will not be accepted until the next day on which the U.S. bond markets are open, and the
redemption price will be the net asset value per share determined that day (less any applicable
redemption fee). If that redemption request is received after the close of regular trading on the
NYSE, the redemption price for the Fund shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share
determined on the next business day that the U.S. bond markets are open (less any applicable
redemption fee) unless an authorized person on the account has instructed GMO Shareholder Services
in writing to defer the redemption to another day. If you have instructed GMO Shareholder Services
to defer the redemption to another day an authorized person on your account may revoke your
redemption request in writing at any time prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or before the close of
regular trading on the NYSE (whichever is earlier) on the redemption date. Redemption fees, if
any, apply to all shares of the Fund regardless of how the shares were acquired (e.g., by direct
purchase or by reinvestment of dividends or other distributions). In the event of a disaster
affecting Boston, Massachusetts, please contact GMO to confirm receipt of your redemption request
and whether it is in good order.
Failure to provide the Trust with a properly authorized redemption request or otherwise
satisfy the Trust as to the validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address
will result in a delay in processing a redemption request, delay in remittance of redemption
proceeds, or a rejection of the redemption request.
As with all GMO Funds, if the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that paying
redemption proceeds wholly or partly in cash would be detrimental to the best interests of the
Funds remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay the redemption proceeds in whole or in part with
securities instead of cash. In particular, if market conditions deteriorate and the Manager
believes the Funds redemption fee (if any) is not fair compensation for transaction costs, the
Fund may limit cash redemptions (honoring redemptions with portfolio securities) in order to
protect the interests of all Fund shareholders.
-17-
If a redemption is paid in cash:
|
|
|
payment generally will be made by means of federal funds transfer to the bank
account designated in a recordable format by an authorized signatory in the GMO Trust
Application to purchase the Fund shares being redeemed
|
|
|
|
designation of one or more additional bank accounts or any change in
the bank accounts originally designated in the GMO Trust Application must be made
in a recordable format by an authorized signatory according to the procedures in
the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form
|
|
|
|
upon request, payment will be made by check mailed to the registration address
(unless another address is specified according to the procedures in the GMO Trust
Redemption Order Form).
|
The Trust will not make payments to third-parties on behalf of a shareholder upon a redemption
request and does not offer check-writing privileges.
If a redemption is paid with securities, it is important for you to note that:
|
|
|
the securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
|
|
|
|
|
the securities will be selected by the Manager in light of the Funds objective and
may not represent a pro rata distribution of each security held in the Funds portfolio
|
|
|
|
|
you may incur brokerage charges on the sale of the securities
|
|
|
|
|
redemptions paid in securities generally are treated by shareholders for tax
purposes the same as redemptions paid in cash
|
|
|
|
|
the securities will be transferred and delivered by the Trust as directed in writing
by an authorized person on the account.
|
The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven
days:
|
|
|
if the NYSE or U.S. bond markets are closed on days other than weekends or holidays
|
|
|
|
|
during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted
|
|
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|
during an emergency which makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its
securities or to fairly determine the net asset value of the Fund
|
|
|
|
|
during any other period permitted by the SEC for your protection.
|
Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has
the unilateral right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder at any time if at that time: (i)
the shares of the Fund or a class held by the shareholder have an aggregate net asset value of less
than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) the shares of the Fund or a
class held by the shareholder exceed a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or a class
determined from time to time by the Trustees. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole
discretion to redeem shares to prevent a shareholder from becoming an affiliated person of the
Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days
price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption request prior to
the
-18-
Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Redemption Request
. Redemption requests can be submitted by mail or by
facsimile to the Trust at the address/facsimile number set forth under How to Purchase Shares
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Redemption requests submitted by mail are received by the
Trust when actually delivered to the Trust. Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com to confirm that GMO received, made a good order determination regarding, and accepted
your redemption request.
PURCHASE PREMIUMS AND REDEMPTION FEES
Purchase premiums and redemption fees are paid to and retained by a Fund to help offset
estimated portfolio transaction costs and other related costs (e.g., stamp duties and transfer
fees) incurred by the Fund (directly or indirectly through investments in underlying funds) as a
result of the purchase or redemption by allocating those estimated costs to the purchasing or
redeeming shareholder. At present, the Fund does not charge any purchase premium or redemption
fee. However, the Manager may impose a purchase premium and/or redemption fee for the Fund at any
time.
MULTIPLE CLASSES
The Fund offers multiple classes of shares. The sole economic difference between the Class III
and Class VI shares of the Fund is the shareholder service fee they bear for client and shareholder
service, reporting and other support. Differences in the fee reflect the fact that, as the size of
a client relationship increases, the cost to service that client decreases as a percentage of the
clients assets. Thus, the shareholder service fee generally is lower for classes requiring a
greater minimum total investment under GMOs management.
Minimum Investment Criteria for Class III Eligibility
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholder Service Fee
|
|
|
Minimum Total Fund
|
|
Minimum Total
|
|
(as a % of average
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
Investment
1
|
|
daily net assets)
|
Class III Shares
|
|
N/A
|
|
$10 million
|
|
|
0.15
|
%
|
Minimum Investment Criteria for Class VI Eligibility
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
Shareholder Service Fee
|
|
|
Minimum Total Fund
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Minimum Total
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(as a % of average
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|
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Investment
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Investment
1
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daily net assets)
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Class VI Shares
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$300 million
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$750 million
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0.055
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%
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1
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The eligibility requirements in the tables above are subject to exceptions and
special rules for plan investors investing through financial intermediaries. See discussion
immediately following these tables for more information about these exceptions and special rules.
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Eligibility to purchase different classes of the Fund shares depends on the clients meeting
either (i) the minimum Total Fund Investment set forth in the above tables, which includes only a
clients total
-19-
investment in the Fund, or (ii) the minimum Total Investment set forth in the above tables,
calculated as described below.
A clients Total Investment equals the market value of all the clients assets managed by GMO
and its affiliates (i) at the time of initial investment, (ii) at close of business on the last
business day of each calendar quarter, or (iii) at other times as determined by the Manager (each,
a Determination Date).
Upon request, GMO may permit a client to undertake in writing to meet the applicable Total
Fund Investment or Total Investment over a specified period. If the clients goal is not met by
the time specified in the letter (the Commitment Date), the client will be converted on the next
Determination Date to the class of shares for which the client satisfied all minimum investment
requirements as of the Commitment Date.
You should note:
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No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of
the Fund for any class of shares.
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The Manager will make all determinations as to the aggregation of client
accounts for purposes of determining eligibility. When making decisions regarding
whether accounts should be aggregated because they are part of a larger client
relationship, the Manager considers several factors including, but not limited to,
whether: the multiple accounts are for one or more subsidiaries of the same parent
company; the multiple accounts have the same beneficial owner regardless of the legal
form of ownership; the investment mandate is the same or substantially similar across
the relationship; the asset allocation strategies are substantially similar across the
relationship; GMO reports to the same investment board; the consultant is the same for
the entire relationship; GMO services the relationship through a single GMO
relationship manager; the relationships have substantially similar reporting
requirements; and/or the relationship can be serviced from a single geographic
location.
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Eligibility requirements for each class of shares are subject to change upon
notice to shareholders.
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The Trust may waive eligibility requirements for certain accounts or special
situations (e.g., GMO Funds that invest in other GMO Funds may invest in the least
expensive class of those GMO Funds offered at the time of investment).
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Investments through an intermediary generally are invested in Class III Shares.
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Conversions between Classes
Each clients Total Fund Investment and Total Investment are determined by GMO on each
Determination Date. Based on this determination, and subject to the following, each clients
shares of the Fund identified for conversion will be converted to the class of shares of the Fund
with the lowest Shareholder Service Fee for which the client satisfies all minimum investment
requirements (or, to the extent the client already holds shares of that class, the client will
remain in that class). Except as noted below, with respect to the Fund:
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To the extent a client satisfies all minimum investment requirements for a
class of shares then being offered that bears a lower shareholder service fee than the
class held by the client on
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-20-
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the Determination Date, the clients shares identified for conversion generally will be
automatically converted to that class within 45 calendar days following the
Determination Date on a date selected by the Manager.
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To the extent a client no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements
for the class of shares held by the client on the last Determination Date of a calendar
year, the Trust generally will convert the clients shares to the class that is then
being offered bearing the lowest shareholder service fee for which the client satisfies
all minimum investment requirements (and which class will typically bear a higher
shareholder service fee than the class then held by the client). To the extent the
client no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements for any class of the
Fund as of the last Determination Date of a calendar year, the Trust will convert the
clients shares to the class of the Fund then being offered bearing the highest
shareholder service fee unless the value has increased prior to the expiration of the
notice period so as to satisfy all minimum investment requirements for the clients
current class of shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a clients shares will not be
converted to a class of shares bearing a higher shareholder service fee without at
least 15 calendar days prior notice by the Trust. To the extent that the client makes
an additional investment and/or the value of the clients shares otherwise increases
prior to the expiration of the notice period so as to satisfy all minimum investment
requirements for the clients current class of shares, the client will remain in the
class of shares then held by the client. Solely for the purpose of determining whether
a client has satisfied the additional investment requirements referenced in the
preceding sentence, the value of the clients shares shall be the greater of (i) the
value of the clients shares on the relevant Determination Date and (ii) the value of
the clients shares on the date that GMO reassesses the value of the clients account
for the purpose of sending the above referenced notice. If the client is not able to
make an additional investment in the Fund solely because the Fund is closed to new
investment or is capacity constrained, the client will remain in the class of shares
then held by the client unless the Manager approves reopening the Fund to facilitate an
additional investment. Any conversion of a clients shares to a class of shares bearing
a higher shareholder service fee generally will occur within 60 calendar days following
the last Determination Date of a calendar year or, in the case of conversion due to an
abusive pattern of investments and/or redemptions, on any other date pursuant to the
Managers discretion.
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However, the Trust may at any time without notice convert a clients shares to the class which
is then offered bearing the lowest shareholder service fee for which the client satisfied all
minimum investment requirements (or, if there is not such class, the class of that Fund which is
then being offered bearing the highest shareholder service fee) if the client no longer satisfies
all minimum investment requirements for the class of shares held by the client and either: (i) the
Manager believes the client has engaged in an abusive pattern of investments and/or redemptions, or
(ii) the total expense ratio borne by the client immediately following such conversion is equal to
or less than the total expense ratio borne by the client immediately prior to such conversion
(after giving effect to any applicable fee and expense waivers or reimbursements).
The Trust has been advised by counsel that, for tax purposes, the conversion of a clients
investment from one class of shares of the Fund to another class of shares of the Fund should not
result in the recognition of gain or loss in the shares that are converted. The clients tax basis
in the new class of shares immediately after the conversion should equal the clients basis in the
converted shares immediately before conversion, and the holding period of the new class of shares
should include the holding period of the converted shares.
-21-
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Funds policy is to declare and pay distributions of its net income, if any,
semi-annually, although it is permitted to, and may from time to time, declare and pay
distributions of its net income, if any, more frequently (e.g., monthly). The Fund also intends to
distribute net gains, whether from the sale of securities held by the Fund for not more than one
year (i.e., net short-term capital gains) or from the sale of securities held by the Fund for more
than one year (i.e., net long-term capital gains), if any, at least annually. In addition, the
Fund may, from time to time and at its discretion, make unscheduled distributions in advance of
large redemptions by shareholders or as otherwise deemed appropriate by the Fund. From time to
time, distributions by the Fund could constitute, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a return of
capital to shareholders. Shareholders should read the description below for information regarding
the tax character of distributions from the Fund to shareholders.
All dividends and/or distributions are reinvested in additional shares of the Fund, at net
asset value, unless a shareholder elects to receive cash. Shareholders may elect to receive cash
by marking the appropriate boxes on the GMO Trust Application or by writing to the Trust. No
purchase premium is charged on reinvested dividends or distributions.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to
shareholders investing in the Fund. The Funds shareholders may include certain other GMO Funds.
The summary below does not address tax consequences to shareholders of those other GMO Funds.
Shareholders of those other GMO Funds should refer to the prospectuses or private placement
memoranda (as applicable) and statements of additional information for those Funds for a summary of
the tax consequences applicable to them. It is important for you to note:
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The Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax
purposes and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under
Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
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For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income generally
are taxable as ordinary income.
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For U.S. federal income tax purposes, taxes on distributions of capital gains
generally are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated
them, rather than by how long a shareholder has owned shares in the Fund.
Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for
more than one year and that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain
dividends generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains.
Distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or
less generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
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The Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that
exceeds the Funds net investment income and net capital gains for that year, in which
case the excess generally would be treated as a return of capital, which would reduce a
shareholders tax basis in its applicable shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis
treated as gain from the sale of such shares. A return of capital is not taxable to
shareholders to the extent such amount does not exceed a shareholders tax basis, but
it reduces a shareholders tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or
increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares.
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-22-
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If the Fund realizes capital losses in excess of capital gains for any taxable year,
these excess losses will carry over and can be used to offset capital gains realized in
succeeding taxable years until either (a) the end of the eighth succeeding taxable year
or (b) such losses have been fully utilized to offset realized capital gains, whichever
comes first. The Funds ability to utilize these losses to reduce distributable
capital gains in succeeding taxable years may be limited by reason of direct or
indirect changes in the actual or constructive ownership of the Fund.
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For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, distributions of investment
income properly designated by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will
be taxable to shareholders taxed as individuals at the rates applicable to long-term
capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the
shareholder and Fund levels. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this
provision to tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. The Fund does not expect
a significant portion of its distributions to be derived from qualified dividend
income. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to most individuals have been reduced
to 15% (with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets) for
taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011. It is currently unclear whether
Congress will extend this reduction to tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011.
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Distributions by the Fund generally are taxable to a shareholder even if they are
paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before that shareholder invested in the
Fund (and accordingly the income or gains were included in the price the shareholder
paid for the Funds shares). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive
them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares.
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Distributions by the Fund to retirement plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment
under U.S. federal income tax laws generally will not be taxable. Special tax rules
apply to investments through such plans. You should consult your tax advisor to
determine the suitability of the Fund as an investment through such a plan and the tax
treatment of distributions from such a plan.
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Any gain resulting from a shareholders sale, exchange, or redemption (whether
effected in cash or in-kind) of Fund shares generally will be taxable to the
shareholder as short-term or long-term capital gain, depending on how long the Fund shares were held by the shareholder.
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Any investment by the Fund in foreign securities may be subject to foreign
withholding taxes on dividends, interest, or capital gains. Those taxes will reduce
the Funds yield on these securities. The foreign withholding tax rates applicable to
the Funds investments in certain foreign jurisdictions may be higher if the Fund has a
significant number of non-U.S. shareholders than if it has fewer non-U.S. shareholders.
In addition, the Funds investment in foreign securities (other than equity
securities) or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Funds recognition of
ordinary income and may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of the Funds
distributions. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
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Certain of the Funds investment practices, including derivative transactions and
hedging activities generally, as well as the Funds investments in certain types of
securities, including debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount, asset-backed
securities, assets marked to the market for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and,
potentially, so-called indexed securities (such as inflation-indexed bonds), will be
subject to special and complex U.S.
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-23-
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federal income tax provisions. These special rules may affect the timing, character,
and/or amount of the Funds distributions and may cause the Fund to liquidate
investments at a time when it is not advantageous to do so. See Taxes in the SAI for
more information about the tax consequences of specific Fund investment practices and
investments.
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To the extent the Fund invests in other funds of the Trust or other investment
companies treated as partnerships or regulated investment companies for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, the Funds distributions could vary, in terms of their timing,
character, and/or amount, from what the Funds distributions would have been had the
Fund invested directly in the portfolio securities and other assets held by the
underlying investment companies. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
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The above is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations.
You should consult your own tax advisors about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the
Fund in light of your particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local, or other
applicable taxes (including the federal alternative minimum tax).
Most states permit mutual funds, such as the Fund, to pass through to their shareholders the
state tax exemption on income earned from investments in certain direct U.S. Treasury obligations,
as well as some limited types of U.S. government agency securities, so long as a fund meets all
applicable state requirements. Therefore, you may be allowed to exclude from your state income tax
returns distributions made to you by the Fund to the extent attributable to interest the Fund
earned on such investments. The availability of these exemptions varies by state. You should
consult your tax advisors regarding the applicability of any such exemptions to your situation.
See Taxes in the SAI for more information, including a summary of certain tax consequences
of investing in the Fund for non-U.S. shareholders.
INVESTMENT IN OTHER GMO FUNDS
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund.
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (Treasury Fund), a series of the Trust, is
described in a separate prospectus. Treasury Fund is managed by GMO.
Treasury Fund pays an investment management fee to the Manager at the annual rate of 0.08% of
Treasury Funds average daily net assets. The Manager has voluntarily agreed to waive Treasury
Funds management fee. The Manager may change or terminate this waiver at any time. This waiver is
in addition to the Managers contractual agreement to reimburse Treasury Fund for expenses incurred
by Treasury Fund through at least June 30, 2010 to the extent Treasury Funds total annual
operating expenses (without giving effect to any voluntary management fee waiver and excluding
investment-related costs and Excluded Expenses) exceed 0.08% of Treasury Funds average daily net
assets. For these purposes, Excluded Expenses are expenses indirectly incurred by investment in
other Funds of the Trust, fees and expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust, fees and
expenses for legal services not approved by the Manager for the Trust, compensation and expenses of
the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions,
securities-lending fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other
investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments in any company that is an
investment company (including an exchange-traded fund) or would be an investment company under the
1940 Act, but for the exceptions to the definition of investment company provided in Sections
3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and
certain other unusual expenses (including taxes).
-24-
Treasury Funds investment objective is liquidity and safety of principal with current income
as a secondary objective.
Treasury Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in U.S.
Treasury securities. Under normal circumstances, Treasury Fund invests at least 80% of its net
assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in Direct U.S. Treasury
Obligations and repurchase agreements collateralized by these Obligations. Direct U.S. Treasury
Obligations include U.S. Treasury bills, bonds, and notes and other securities issued by the U.S.
Treasury, such as Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS) and other
zero-coupon securities, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government as well
as repurchase agreements relating to the foregoing.
As a principal investment strategy Treasury Fund may enter into repurchase agreements, under
which Treasury Fund purchases a security backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government
from a seller who simultaneously commits to repurchase, on an agreed upon date in the future, the
security from Treasury Fund at the original purchase price plus an agreed upon amount representing
the original purchase price plus interest. The counterparties in repurchase agreements are
typically broker-dealers and banks, and the safety of the arrangement is dependent upon Treasury
Fund having an interest in the security that can be realized in the event of the insolvency of the
counterparty. In addition to Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations, Treasury Fund may also invest in
other fixed-income securities that are also backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S.
government, such as guaranteed securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association
(GNMA) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Treasury Fund may also invest in
unaffiliated money market funds.
Treasury Fund normally invests in Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations and other fixed-income
securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government with a stated or remaining
maturity of one year or less. This may not be true of Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations purchased
pursuant to repurchase agreements, and, therefore, if the counterparty to the repurchase agreement
defaults, Treasury Fund may own a security with a stated or remaining maturity of greater than one
year.
Although Treasury Fund primarily invests in short-term obligations, it is
not
a money market
fund and is not subject to the duration, quality, diversification, and other requirements
applicable to money market funds. In addition, the Manager normally seeks to maintain a duration of
one year or less for Treasury Funds portfolio. The Manager determines Treasury Funds
dollar-weighted average portfolio duration by aggregating the durations of Treasury Funds
individual holdings and weighting each holding based on its market value.
In selecting U.S. Treasury securities for Treasury Funds portfolio, the Manager focuses
primarily on the relative attractiveness of different obligations (such as bonds, notes, or bills),
which can vary depending on the general level of interest rates as well as supply/demand imbalances
and other market conditions.
Other GMO Funds may invest in Treasury Fund to achieve exposure to U.S. Treasury securities,
to invest cash and/or to seek to generate a return similar to yields on U.S. Treasury securities.
Treasury Funds benchmark is the Citigroup 3 Month Treasury Bill Index, an independently
maintained and published short-term bill index.
Shareholders of the GMO Funds that hold investments in Treasury Fund will be indirectly
exposed to the risks associated with an investment in Treasury Fund. The principal risks of an
investment in Treasury Fund include Market Risk Fixed Income Securities, Liquidity Risk, Credit
and Counterparty Risk, and Focused Investment Risk.
-25-
GMO TRUST
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders (when available) will contain
additional information about the Funds investments. The Funds annual report (when available)
will contain a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly
affected the Funds performance during its initial fiscal year. The Funds annual and semiannual
reports (when available) will be, and the Funds SAI is, available free of charge by writing to
Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling collect at
1-617-346-7646. Because the Fund does not publicly offer its shares, its shareholder reports and
SAI are not available on GMOs website. The SAI contains more detailed information about the Fund
and is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum, which means that it is
legally considered to be part of this Private Placement Memorandum.
You can review and copy the Private Placement Memorandum, SAI, and reports (when available) at
the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the
Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other
information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at
http://www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee,
by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public
Reference Section of the SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written
communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief
Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM
December 2, 2009
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund
(the Fund) is a separate investment portfolio of
GMO Trust (the Trust). The Trust is an open-end management investment company and operates as a
series investment company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, including
the Fund. Other portfolios are described in separate prospectuses or private placement memoranda.
At this time, the Fund does not intend to offer its shares publicly or to make them available other
than to other funds of the Trust (GMO Funds) and certain other accredited investors.
Investment Manager
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
This Private Placement Memorandum concisely describes the information which you ought to know
about the Fund before investing. Please read this memorandum carefully and keep it for further
reference. A Statement of Additional Information dated December 2, 2009, as revised from time to
time (SAI), is available free of charge by writing to GMO Shareholder Services, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling 1-617-346-7646. The SAI, which contains more detailed
information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum.
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS
AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD UNLESS SO
REGISTERED OR IN TRANSACTIONS EXEMPT THEREFROM. HOWEVER, THE SECURITIES ARE REDEEMABLE AS
DESCRIBED IN THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM. IN CERTAIN CASES INVESTORS MAY BE REDEEMED
IN-KIND AND RECEIVE PORTFOLIO SECURITIES HELD BY THE FUND IN LIEU OF CASH UPON REDEMPTION.
THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE
USE OF THE RECIPIENT FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF EVALUATING THE PRIVATE PLACEMENT OF SHARES OF THE FUND
DESCRIBED HEREIN. IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED, PROVIDED, OR DISCLOSED TO OTHERS, OR USED FOR ANY
OTHER PURPOSE, WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION, AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY SHARES OF THE FUND TO ANY ENTITY OR INDIVIDUAL NOT POSSESSING THE
QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIBED IN THIS MEMORANDUM.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION WITH
RESPECT TO THE SHARES EXCEPT SUCH INFORMATION AS IS CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM AND IN THE SAI OR
IN OTHER MATERIALS APPROVED BY THE TRUST. NO SALES MADE IN RELIANCE ON THIS DOCUMENT SHALL UNDER
ANY CIRCUMSTANCES CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN MATTERS DISCUSSED HEREIN
SINCE THE DATE HEREOF.
FUND SUMMARY
This summary is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments, employ strategies, and
be exposed to risks that are not described in this summary. More information about the Funds
investments and strategies is contained in the SAI. Except for policies identified in the SAI as
fundamental, the Funds Board of Trustees (Trustees) may change the Funds investment objective
or policies without shareholder approval. The Funds investment manager is Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO) (see Management of the Fund below for a description
of the Manager).
The Fund, by itself, is not intended to provide a complete investment program,
and investment in the Fund should only be considered as part of a diversified portfolio that
includes other investments.
Investment objective
Total return in excess of that of its benchmark, the J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index.
Principal
investment strategies
The Fund seeks a total return in excess of that of its benchmark to the extent consistent with
the preservation of capital and liquidity. To implement its investment strategies, the Fund
primarily invests in high quality U.S. and foreign fixed income securities. The Fund may invest in
fixed income securities issued by a wide range of private issuers and, to a lesser extent,
securities issued by federal, state, local, and foreign governments (including securities neither
guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government). The Fund may invest in asset-backed securities,
including, but not limited to, securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages,
credit-card receivables, home equity loans, automobile loans, educational loans, corporate and
sovereign bonds, and bank loans made to corporations. In addition, the Fund may invest in
corporate debt securities, money market instruments, and commercial paper, and enter into credit
default swaps, reverse repurchase agreements, and repurchase agreements. The Fund also may use
other exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. The Funds fixed income securities
may include all types of interest rate, payment, and reset terms, including adjustable rate, fixed
rate, zero coupon, contingent, deferred, payment-in-kind, and auction rate features. Under normal
circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its assets in high
quality bonds (the Name
Policy) (see Name Policy below for more information). While the Fund primarily invests in high
quality bonds, the Fund may invest in securities that are not high
quality and may hold bonds and other fixed
income securities whose ratings after they were acquired were reduced below high quality. The Fund
is not a diversified investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940,
as amended (the 1940 Act).
The Fund may invest in unaffiliated money market funds. Additionally, the Fund may (but is
not required to) invest in GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (U.S. Treasury Fund), another series of GMO
Trust described in a separate prospectus (see Investment in Other GMO Funds below for a more
detailed description of U.S. Treasury Funds investment objectives and strategies).
In selecting fixed income securities for the Funds portfolio, the Manager focuses primarily
on the securities credit quality. The Manager uses fundamental investment techniques to identify
the credit risk associated with investments in fixed income securities and bases its investment
decisions on that assessment.
The Manager normally seeks to maintain an interest rate duration of 365 days or less for the
Funds portfolio. The Funds dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity may be substantially
longer than its dollar-weighted average interest rate duration. The Manager estimates the Funds
dollar-weighted average interest rate duration by aggregating the durations of the Funds
individual holdings and weighting each holding based on its market value. The Manager may
determine duration by traditional
-1-
means or through empirical analysis, which may produce results that differ from those produced
by traditional methods of calculating duration.
Unless otherwise specified in this Private Placement Memorandum or in the SAI, the Manager is
not obligated to and generally will not consider tax consequences when seeking to achieve the
Funds investment objective (e.g., the Fund may engage in transactions that are not tax efficient
for shareholders subject to U.S. federal income tax). Portfolio turnover is not a principal
consideration when the Manager makes investment decisions for the Fund. Based on its assessment of
market conditions, the Manager may cause the Fund to trade more frequently at some times than at
others. High turnover rates may adversely affect the Funds performance by generating additional
expenses and may result in additional taxable income for its shareholders.
When used in this Private Placement Memorandum, the term invest includes both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct investments and
indirect investments. For example, the Fund may invest indirectly by investing in another Fund or
by investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments.
In addition, the term fixed income
securities includes (i) obligations of an issuer to make payments of principal and/or interest
(including variable or floating payments) on future dates and (ii) synthetic debt instruments
created by the Manager by using a futures contract, swap contract, currency forward or option. For
purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum (a) the term bond refers to any fixed income
security, including instruments with variable interest payments, (b) the term duration is defined
as the estimated interest rate sensitivity of a fixed income security, and (c) and the term total
return includes both capital appreciation and income.
For purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, investment-grade securities/commercial
paper that are given a rating of Aa/P-1 or better by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or
AA/A-1 or better by Standard & Poors Ratings Services (S&P) are referred to as high quality.
In addition, in this Private Placement Memorandum, the term investment grade refers to a rating
of Baa3/P-2 or better given by Moodys or BBB-/A-2 or better given by S&P to a particular fixed
income security/commercial paper, and the term below investment grade refers to any rating below
Baa3/P-2 given by Moodys or below BBB-/A-2 given by S&P to a particular fixed income
security/commercial paper. Fixed income securities rated below investment grade are also known as
high yield or junk bonds. Securities referred to as investment grade, below investment grade, or
high quality include not only securities rated by Moodys and/or S&P, but also securities unrated
by Moodys or S&P that are determined by the Manager to have credit qualities comparable to
securities rated by Moodys or S&P as investment grade, below investment grade, or high quality, as
applicable.
Benchmark
The Funds benchmark is the J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index, which is independently
maintained and published by J.P. Morgan. The Index measures the total return performance of
three-month U.S. dollar Euro-deposits.
Principal risks of investing in the Fund
The value of the Funds shares changes with the value of the Funds investments. Many factors
can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. Factors that may affect
the Funds portfolio as a whole are called principal risks and are summarized in this section.
This summary describes the nature of these principal risks and certain related risks, but is not
intended to include every potential risk. Many of these risks are more pronounced as a result of
current global economic conditions that began to unfold in 2008. The Fund could be subject to
additional risks because the types of investments it makes may change over time. The SAI includes
more information about the Fund and its
-2-
investments.
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MARKET RISKFIXED INCOME SECURITIES
|
The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the risk of unfavorable changes in the value of
Fund holdings. The following summarizes certain general market risks associated with investments
in or exposure to fixed income securities.
Market risks apply for the Fund by virtue of its investments in asset-backed securities.
Asset-backed securities may be backed by many types of assets, including pools of residential and
commercial mortgages, automobile loans, educational loans, home equity loans, or credit-card
receivables. They also may be backed by pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans made to
corporations, or a combination of these bonds and loans (commonly referred to as collateralized
debt obligations). Payment of interest on asset-backed securities and repayment of principal
largely depend on the cash flows generated by the underlying assets backing the securities. The
amount of market risk associated with asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including
the deal structure (e.g., determination as to the amount of underlying assets or other support
needed to produce the cash flows necessary to service interest and make principal payments), the
quality of the underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities,
and the credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve
risk of loss of principal if obligors of the underlying obligations default in payment of the
obligations and the defaulted obligations exceed the credit support. The obligations of issuers
(and obligors of underlying assets) also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws
affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. See Credit and Counterparty Risk below for more
information about credit risk.
With the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in
2008, the markets for asset-backed securities became fractured and uncertainty about the
creditworthiness of those securities (and underlying collateral) caused credit spreads (the
difference between yields on the asset-backed securities and U.S. Government securities) to widen
dramatically. Concurrently, systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman
Brothers and subsequent market disruptions reduced the ability of financial institutions to make
markets in many fixed income securities generally. These events reduced liquidity for securitized
credits and contributed to substantial declines in the value of asset-backed and other fixed income
securities. There can be no assurance these conditions will not continue or that they will not
deteriorate further. Also, government actions and proposals affecting the terms of underlying home
and consumer loans, changes in demand for products (e.g., automobiles) financed by those loans, and
the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans (e.g., sub-prime mortgages), have had, and
may continue to have, adverse valuation and liquidity effects on asset-backed securities.
The value of an asset-backed security may depend on the servicing of its underlying asset and
is, therefore, subject to risks associated with the negligence or defalcation of its servicer. In
some circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation also may affect the rights of security
holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables
or that utilize the assets may result in a decline in the value of the underlying assets, as well
as costs and delays. The obligations underlying asset-backed securities, in particular securities
backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, also are subject to unscheduled prepayment
and the Fund may be unable to invest prepayments at as high a yield as the asset-backed security.
The risks associated with asset-backed securities are particularly pronounced for the Fund.
The Fund also may be subject to greater risk because asset-backed securities representing diverse
sectors (e.g., auto loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and credit-card receivables) have
become more highly
-3-
correlated since the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions referred to
above. See Focused Investment Risk below for a discussion of these risks of investing in
correlated sectors.
Market risk for fixed income securities is amplified by liquidity risk which has become more
pronounced since the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions referred to
above. See Liquidity Risk below. Even in the absence of a credit downgrade or default, the price
of fixed income securities held by the Fund may decline significantly due to reduction in market
demand.
A principal risk of the Funds investments in fixed income securities (including bonds, notes,
bills, synthetic debt instruments, and asset-backed securities) is that the values of those
securities typically change as interest rates fluctuate. The risk associated with fluctuating
interest rates (also called interest rate risk) is generally greater for funds investing in fixed
income securities with longer durations.
Interest rate risk relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest
rates. The value of fixed-rate securities generally falls when interest rates rise, since
prospective interest payments on new bonds will exceed current payments on existing bonds; the
opposite is true when interest rates fall, since current investments have locked in a higher
interest rate. The extent to which a securitys value moves with interest rates is referred to as
interest rate duration, which can be measured mathematically or empirically. Longer-maturity
investments generally have longer durations, as the investments fixed rate is locked in for longer
periods of time. Floating-rate or adjustable-rate securities, however, generally have short
interest rate durations, since their interest rates are not fixed but rather float up and down with
the level of prevailing interest rates.
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CREDIT AND COUNTERPARTY RISK
|
This is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security, the counterparty to
a repurchase agreement or other OTC derivative contract, or a borrower of the Funds securities
will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal, interest, or settlement payments or otherwise
to honor its obligations. This risk is particularly acute in environments in which financial
services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman
Brothers in 2008 and subsequent market disruptions.
Credit risk for fixed income securities is the risk that the issuer will be unable to make
scheduled contractual payments of principal and interest. The value of the Funds investments can
decline as a result of an issuers defaulting in its payment obligations or the markets
expectation of a default. The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuers of the fixed income
securities in which it invests will have their credit ratings downgraded. Nearly all fixed income
securities are subject to some credit risk. The risk varies depending upon whether the issuers of
the securities are corporations or domestic or foreign governments or their sub-divisions or
instrumentalities and whether the particular note or other instrument held by the Fund has priority
in payment of principal and interest. U.S. government securities are subject to varying degrees of
credit risk depending upon whether the securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the
United States, supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, supported only by the
credit of the issuing U.S. government agency, instrumentality, or corporation, or otherwise
supported by the United States. For example, issuers of many types of U.S. government securities
(e.g., the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage
Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home Loan Banks), although chartered or sponsored by
Congress, are not funded by Congressional appropriations, and their fixed income securities,
including mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, are neither guaranteed nor insured by
the U.S. government. These securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government
securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S.
Treasury bonds).
-4-
As noted under Market Risk Fixed Income Securities above, asset-backed securities may be
backed by many types of assets, including pools of residential and commercial mortgages, automobile
loans, educational loans, home equity loans, or credit-card receivables. Asset-backed securities
also may be collateralized by the fees earned by service providers. They also may be backed by
pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans made to corporations, or a combination of these
bonds and loans (commonly referred to as collateralized debt obligations). Payment of interest on
asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depend on the cash flows generated by
the underlying assets backing the securities. The amount of market risk associated with
asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including the deal structure (e.g., determination
as to the amount of underlying assets or other support needed to produce the cash flows necessary
to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of the underlying assets, the level
of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit quality of the
credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of principal if
obligors of the underlying obligations default in payment of the obligations and the defaulted
obligations exceed the credit support. The obligations of issuers (and obligors of underlying
assets) also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and
remedies of creditors.
The obligations of issuers also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws
affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. The Fund also will be exposed to credit risk on
the reference security to the extent it writes protection under credit default swaps. See
Derivatives Risk below for more information regarding risks associated with the use of credit
default swaps.
Credit risk is particularly pronounced for below investment grade securities (also known as
junk bonds). During periods of economic uncertainty and change, the market price of the Funds
investments in below investment grade securities and the Funds net asset value may be particularly
volatile. Although offering the potential for higher investment returns, junk bonds often are less
liquid than higher quality securities, their issuers ability to meet principal and interest
payments is considered speculative, and they are more susceptible to real or perceived adverse
economic and competitive industry conditions. Junk bonds often also are subject to greater risk of
loss, greater sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes, valuation difficulties, and a
potential lack of a market. The market price of these securities can change suddenly and
unexpectedly. The Fund is subject to this risk to the extent that it directly or indirectly
acquires or holds below investment grade securities.
In addition, the Fund is exposed to counterparty risk to the extent it uses OTC derivatives
(such as repurchase agreements) or it lends its portfolio securities. See Derivatives Risk below
for more information. If a counterpartys obligation to the Fund under such an arrangement is not
collateralized, then the Fund is essentially an unsecured creditor of the counterparty and there
can be no assurance that a counterparty will meet its obligations, especially during unusually
adverse market conditions. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies,
but the Fund may be unable to enforce its contractual rights. The Fund is subject in particular to
the creditworthiness of counterparties because certain types of swap contracts used by the Fund may
have durations longer than six months. Counterparty risk is still present even if a counterpartys
obligations are structured to be secured by collateral because the Funds interest in the
collateral may not be perfected, or the derivative may not be promptly marked-to-market and
additional collateral may not be promptly posted. In addition, the Fund may have significant
exposure to a single counterparty as a result of its use of swaps and other OTC derivatives.
The Fund is exposed to liquidity risk when low trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large
position, or legal restrictions limit or prevent the Fund from selling securities or closing
derivative
-5-
positions at desirable prices. Because the Funds principal investment strategies involve
investing in fixed income securities, in particular asset-backed securities, its investments may
not be as liquid as those of other fixed income funds. The Fund also will have increased exposure
to liquidity risk to the extent it uses derivatives (in particular OTC derivatives) as part of its
principal investment strategies. Some derivatives (in particular OTC derivatives) are more likely
to be fair valued (see Determination of Net Asset Value). The Fund may not be able to initiate a
transaction or liquidate a position in such investments at a desirable price. In addition, the
Funds holdings in assets for which the relevant market is or becomes less liquid are more
susceptible to loss of value. Less liquid securities also may fall more in price than other
securities during periods when markets decline generally.
The Fund is also exposed to liquidity risk when it has an obligation to purchase particular
securities (e.g., as a result of entering into reverse repurchase agreements, writing a put, or
closing out a short position). Some of the markets, exchanges, or securities in which the Fund
invests may prove to be less liquid and this would affect the price at which, and the time period
in which, the Fund may liquidate positions to meet redemption requests or other funding
requirements. As noted under Market Risk Fixed Income Securities above, since the
deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008, liquidity
risk has been pronounced for funds that invest in fixed income securities, and particularly
asset-backed securities.
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FOCUSED INVESTMENT RISK
|
Funds whose investments are focused in industries with high positive correlations to one
another (e.g., different industries within broad sectors, such as technology or financial services)
may be subject to greater overall risk than funds whose investments are more diversified.
Therefore, those funds should only be considered as part of a diversified portfolio that includes
other investments. A fund that focuses its investments in a particular type of security or in
securities of companies in a particular industry may be especially vulnerable to events affecting
those securities or companies because those securities or companies may share common
characteristics, are often subject to similar business risks and regulatory burdens, and often
react similarly to specific economic, market, political, or other developments. As noted under
Market RiskFixed Income Securities above, sectors of the securitized credit markets have become
more highly correlated since the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that
became acute in 2008.
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MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISK
|
The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical events may disrupt securities markets and
adversely affect global economies and markets generally. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have had
a substantial effect on economies and securities markets in the U.S. and worldwide. Terrorism in
the U.S. and around the world has had a similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk.
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets
for four days, and similar future events are possible. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical
events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have
adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, systemic
market dislocations of the kind surrounding the insolvency of Lehman Brothers in 2008 may be highly
disruptive to economies and markets. Those events as well as other changes in foreign and domestic
economic and political conditions also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups
of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and
other factors affecting the value of the Funds investments. At such times, the Funds exposure to
the risks described elsewhere in this section, including market risk, liquidity risk, and credit
and counterparty risk, can increase.
-6-
To the extent that shares of the Fund are held by large shareholders (e.g., institutional
investors or asset allocation funds), the Fund is subject to the risk that these shareholders will
purchase or redeem Fund shares in large amounts and/or on a frequent basis. These transactions
will affect the Fund, since the Fund may have to make redemptions in-kind or sell portfolio
securities to satisfy redemption requests or purchase portfolio securities to invest cash. This
risk will be particularly pronounced if one shareholder owns a substantial portion of the Fund. A
substantial percentage of the Fund may be held by other GMO Funds and/or separate accounts managed
by the Manager for its clients. Asset allocation decisions by the Manager may result in
substantial redemptions from (or investments into) the Fund. These transactions may adversely
affect the Funds performance to the extent that the Fund is required to sell investments (or
invest cash) at times when it would not otherwise do so. These transactions also may accelerate
the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments result in gains, and
also may increase transaction costs. These transactions potentially limit the use of any capital
loss carry forwards to offset future net realized gains and may limit or prevent the Funds ability
to use tax equalization.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Managers ability to achieve
its investment objective. The Manager uses proprietary investment techniques and risk analyses in
making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no assurance that the Manager will
achieve the desired results. The Fund generally does not take temporary defensive positions and
instead generally stays fully invested in fixed income securities and related derivative
instruments.
The Fund may invest in derivatives, which are financial contracts whose value depends on, or
is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices. Derivatives may
relate to securities, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, and related indices.
The Fund may use derivatives for many purposes, including as a substitute for direct investment in
securities and as a means to hedge other investments. The Fund also may use derivatives as a way
to adjust its exposure to various securities, markets, and currencies without actually having to
sell existing investments and make new investments. This generally is done when the adjustment is
expected to be relatively temporary or in anticipation of selling Fund assets and making new
investments over time. The SAI contains a description of the various derivatives that the Fund may
utilize.
The use of derivatives involves risks different from, and potentially greater than, the risks
associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. In particular,
the use of derivatives exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty to an OTC derivative
contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise to honor its
obligations. OTC derivative contracts typically can be closed out only with the other party to the
contract. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be
no assurance that the counterparty will meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will be
able to enforce its contractual rights. For example, because the contract for each OTC derivative
is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the Fund is subject to the risk that a
counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the
Fund. If that occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund
to enforce its contractual rights may lead the Fund to decide not to pursue its claims against the
counterparty. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments the
Manager believes are owed to it under OTC derivative contracts or that those payments may be
delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, the Fund may
invest
-7-
in derivatives as to which the counterpartys obligations are not secured by collateral (e.g.,
foreign currency forwards), that require collateral but in which the Funds security interest is
not perfected, that require a significant upfront deposit unrelated to the derivatives intrinsic
value, or in which the derivative is not regularly marked-to-market (e.g., certain OTC
derivatives). Even where obligations are collateralized, there is usually a lag between the day
the collateral is called for and the day the Fund receives the collateral. When the
counterparties obligations are not fully secured by collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the
risk of having limited recourse if a counterparty defaults. Due to the nature of the Funds
investments, the Fund may invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties and events
that affect the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the
Fund. Derivatives risk is particularly acute in environments (like those prevailing recently) in
which financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the
insolvency of Lehman Brothers and subsequent market disruptions.
Derivatives also are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, and credit and counterparty risk. Many
derivatives, in particular OTC derivatives, are complex and their valuation often requires
judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, and there can be no
assurance that the pricing models employed by the Funds third-party valuation services and/or the
Manager will produce valuations that are reflective of levels at which such swaps and other OTC
derivatives may actually be closed out or sold. This valuation risk is more pronounced in cases
where the Fund enters into swaps and other OTC derivatives with specialized terms because the value
of those derivatives in some cases is determined in part by reference to similar derivatives with
more standardized terms. As a result, improper valuations may result in increased cash payments to
counterparties, undercollateralization and/or errors in the calculation of the Funds net asset
value.
Derivatives also involve the risk that changes in their value may not correlate perfectly with
the assets, rates, or indices they are designed to hedge or closely track. The use of derivatives
also may increase the taxes payable by shareholders. Suitable derivatives are not available in all
circumstances. For example, if a counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the
Fund, the Fund will not be permitted to trade with that counterparty.
The Fund will use its cash balance to meet its collateral obligations and for other purposes. There is no
assurance that the Funds cash balance will be sufficient to meet those obligations. If it is not, the Fund
would be required to liquidate portfolio positions. To manage the Funds cash collateral needs, the
Manager reserves the right to reduce or eliminate the Funds derivative exposures.
There can be no assurance
that the Funds use of derivatives will be effective or will have the desired results. In
addition, the Manager may decide not to use derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce the Funds
risk exposures.
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FUND OF FUNDS RISK AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS
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The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, including other GMO Funds and
money market funds (underlying funds), and is exposed to the risk that the underlying funds will
not perform as expected. The Fund also is indirectly exposed to all of the risks applicable to an
investment in the underlying funds. Because the Fund bears the fees and expenses of the underlying
funds in which it invests, total Fund expenses may increase if Fund assets are invested in
underlying funds with higher fees or expenses than existing investments. In addition, the fees and
expenses associated with an investment in the Fund will be less predictable and may potentially be
higher than fees of funds that only invest in less expensive asset classes. In addition, funds
that invest in shares of other GMO Funds also are likely to be subject to Large Shareholder Risk
because underlying GMO Funds are more likely to have large shareholders (e.g., other GMO Funds).
The Fund is not a diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act. This
means that the Fund is allowed to invest in the securities of a relatively small number of issuers
and/or
-8-
foreign currencies. As a result, the Fund may be subject to greater credit, market, and other
risks, and poor performance by a single issuer may have a greater impact on the Funds performance
than if the Fund were diversified.
-9-
Fees and expenses
The table below shows the expected cost of investing in the Fund.
Annual
Fund operating expenses
(expenses that are paid from Fund assets as a percentage of average daily net assets):
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Class III
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Class VI
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Management fee
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0.05
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%
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|
|
0.05
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%
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Shareholder Service Fee
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0.15
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%
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|
|
0.055
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%
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Other expenses
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0.04
|
%
1,2
|
|
|
0.04
|
%
1,2
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Total annual fund operating expenses
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|
0.24
|
%
1
|
|
|
0.15
|
%
1
|
Expense reimbursement
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(0.04
|
)%
1,3
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|
|
(0.04
|
)%
1,3
|
Net annual expenses
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|
|
0.20
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%
1
|
|
|
0.11
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%
1
|
|
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|
1
|
|
The amounts indicated above represent an annualized estimate of the Funds operating
expenses for its initial fiscal year.
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2
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Other expenses reflect the aggregate of estimated direct expenses associated with an
investment in the Fund and the estimated indirect net expenses associated with the Funds
investment in certain other pooled investment vehicles (the underlying funds). Amounts do not
include expenses associated with investments in the securities of unaffiliated issuers unless such
issuers hold themselves out to be investment companies. Net fees and expenses of underlying funds
are estimated to be less than 0.01%.
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3
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The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund for expenses incurred by
the Fund through at least June 30, 2010 to the extent the Funds total annual operating expenses
(excluding shareholder service fees, expenses indirectly incurred by investment in other Funds of
the Trust, fees and expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust, fees and expenses for legal
services not approved by the Manager for the Trust, compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief
Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities lending
fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs (including
expenses associated with investments in any company that is an investment company (including an
exchange-traded fund) or would be an investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions
to the definition of investment company provided in Section 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act),
hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses
(including taxes)(collectively, Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses)) exceed 0.05% of the Funds
average daily net assets. In addition, the Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund
through at least June 30, 2010 to the extent the sum of (a) the Funds total annual operating
expenses (excluding Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses) and (b) the amount of fees and expenses
incurred indirectly by the Fund through its investment in U.S. Treasury Fund (excluding U.S.
Treasury Funds Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses) exceeds 0.05% of the Funds average daily net
assets, subject to a maximum total reimbursement to the Fund equal to 0.05% of the Funds average
daily net assets.
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-10-
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, provides investment management and
shareholder services to the Fund and other GMO Funds. GMO is a private company, founded in 1977.
As of September 30, 2009, GMO managed on a worldwide basis more than
$101.6 billion of assets for the GMO
Funds and institutional investors, such as pension plans, endowments, and foundations.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, the Manager establishes and modifies when it deems
appropriate the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management of the Funds
investment portfolio and the shareholder services it provides to the Fund, the Manager administers
the Funds business affairs.
The Fund pays the Manager shareholder service fees for providing client service and reporting,
such as performance information reporting, client account information, personal and electronic
access to Fund information, access to analysis and explanations of Fund reports, and assistance in
maintaining and correcting client-related information.
The Managers annual compensation for investment management services rendered is 0.05% of the
Funds average daily net assets for each class of shares.
A discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the Funds initial investment
management contract will be included in the Funds annual or semiannual shareholder report for the
period during which the Trustees approved that contract.
GMOs Fixed Income Division is responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
The Divisions investment professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no
one person is primarily responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
William Nemerever and Thomas Cooper are the senior members and co-directors of the Fixed
Income Division. Each has been a senior member of the Division since 1993. As senior members and
co-directors, Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper jointly allocate responsibility for portions of the
Funds portfolio to members of the Division, oversee the implementation of trades, review the
overall composition of the portfolio, including compliance with its stated investment objective and
strategies, and monitor cash.
Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper have been jointly responsible for overseeing the portfolio
management of GMOs global fixed income portfolios since 1993. In general, Mr. Nemerever focuses on
investment strategy, while Mr. Cooper focuses on instrument selection.
The SAI contains other information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior
members, other accounts they manage and related conflicts, and their ownership of the Fund.
Custodian, Fund Accounting Agent, and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves
as the Funds custodian, fund accounting agent, and transfer agent.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close
of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
The
-11-
Funds NAV per share for a class of shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Funds
portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class by the
total number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. The Fund will not determine its NAV on any
day when the NYSE is closed for business and will not be valued (and accordingly, transactions in
shares of the Fund will not be processed) on days when the U.S. bond markets are closed. The Fund
also may elect not to determine its NAV on days during which no share is tendered for redemption
and no order to purchase or sell a share is received by the Fund.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
Exchange-listed securities
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Last sale price or
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Official closing price or
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Most recent bid price (if no reported sale or official closing price) or
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Broker bid (if the private market is more relevant in determining market value
than the exchange), based on where the securities are principally traded and their
intended disposition
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Unlisted securities
(if market quotations are readily available)
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Most recent quoted bid price
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Note: There can be no assurance that brokers will be able to provide bid prices. If quotes
are not used, the Fund would seek alternative valuation methodologies (e.g., valuing the
relevant assets at fair value as described below).
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Certain debt obligations
(if less than sixty days remain until maturity)
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Amortized cost (unless circumstances dictate otherwise; for example, if the
issuers creditworthiness has become impaired)
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All other fixed income securities and options on those securities (except for options written by
the Fund)
(includes bonds, loans, structured notes)
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Most recent bid supplied by a primary pricing source chosen by the Manager
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Options written by the Fund
Shares of other open-end registered investment companies
Fair Value Pricing
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where market prices
are not readily available or circumstances render an existing methodology or procedure unreliable,
the Funds
-12-
investments will be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees or
pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
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The value of assets that are fair valued is determined by the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved
by the Trustees. Some of the factors that may be considered in determining
fair value are the value of other financial instruments traded on other
markets, trading volumes, changes in interest rates, observations from
financial institutions, significant events (which may be considered to include
changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after
the close of the relevant market and before the time that the Funds net asset
value is calculated, other news events, and significant unobservable inputs
(including the Funds own assumptions in determining the fair value of
investments). Although the goal of fair valuation is to determine the amount
the owner of the securities might reasonably expect to receive upon their
current sale, because of the uncertainty inherent in fair value pricing, the
fair value determined for a particular security may be materially different
than the value realized upon its sale.
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The values of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars
generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time at then current exchange rates or at such other rates as the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction may determine appropriate in computing net asset
value.
The Manager evaluates pricing sources on an ongoing basis, and may change a pricing source at
any time. The Manager normally does not evaluate the prices supplied by pricing sources on a
day-to-day basis. The Manager monitors erratic or unusual movements (including unusual inactivity)
in the prices supplied for a security and has discretion to override a price supplied by a source
(e.g., by taking a price supplied by another) when it believes that the price supplied is not
reliable. Some securities held by the Fund may be valued on the basis of a price provided by a
principal market maker. Prices provided by principal market makers may vary from the value that
would be realized if the securities were sold, and the differences could be material to the Fund.
In addition, because the Fund may hold portfolio securities listed on foreign exchanges that trade
on days on which the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are closed, the net asset value of the Funds
shares may change significantly on days when shares cannot be redeemed.
NAME POLICY
The Fund will not change its Name Policy without providing its shareholders at least 60 days
prior written notice. When used in connection with the Funds Name Policy, assets include the
Funds net assets plus any borrowings made for investment purposes.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings. That
policy is described in the SAI. Information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each
months end is made available to shareholders of the Trust, qualified potential shareholders as
determined by GMO (potential shareholders), and their consultants or agents through a secured
link on GMOs website approximately five days after month end. Periodically, in response to
heightened market interest in specific issuers, a Funds holdings in one or more issuers may be
made available on a more frequent basis to shareholders of the Trust, potential shareholders, and
their consultants or agents through a secured link
-13-
on GMOs website. This information may be posted as soon as the business day following the
date to which the information relates.
To access this information on GMOs website (http://www.gmo.com/america/strategies),
shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents must contact GMO to obtain a
password and user name (to the extent they do not already have them) and enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that permits the information to be used only for
purposes determined by GMO to be in the best interest of the shareholders of the Fund. GMO may
make portfolio holdings information available in alternate formats under the conditions described
in the SAI.
The Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings, and the Fund may modify the
disclosure policy, without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings will
remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual
report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the
date of those holdings.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Currently, shares of the Fund are principally available for purchase by other GMO Funds and
certain other accredited investors. All investors must be accredited investors as defined in
Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933.
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares from the Trust when both the
NYSE and the U.S. bond markets are open for business. For instructions on purchasing shares, call
the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust will not accept a purchase
request until it has received a GMO Trust Application deemed to be in good order by the Trust or
its agent. In addition, the Trust will not accept a purchase request unless an IRS Form W-9 (for
U.S. shareholders) or the appropriate IRS Form W-8 (for foreign shareholders) with a correct
taxpayer identification number (if required) is on file with GMO and such W-9 or W-8 is deemed to
be in good order as determined by the Trusts withholding agent, State Street Bank and Trust
Company. Please consult your tax adviser to ensure all tax forms provided to the Trust are
completed properly and maintained, as required, in good order. GMO has the right to make final
good order assessments.
Purchase Policies.
You must submit a purchase request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a purchase request is in good order if it includes:
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The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being purchased;
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The U.S. dollar amount of the shares to be purchased;
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The date on which the purchase is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the close
of regular trading on that date);
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The name and/or the account number (if any) set forth with sufficient clarity to
avoid ambiguity;
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The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application;
and
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Payment in full (by check, wire, or, when approved, securities) received by an agent
of the Trust by 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or the close of the NYSE, whichever is earlier.
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If payment is not received prior to the close of regular trading on the
intended purchase date, the request may be rejected unless prior arrangements for
later payment have been approved by GMO.
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If the purchase request is received in good order by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the purchase price for the Fund shares to
be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day (plus any applicable purchase
premium). If that request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the purchase
price for the Fund shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on the next
business day that the NYSE is open (plus any applicable purchase premium). Purchase requests that
are received on days when the U.S. bond markets are closed will not be accepted until the next day
on which the U.S. bond markets are open, and the purchase price for the Funds shares to be
purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day (plus any applicable purchase
premium). Purchase premiums (if any) are not charged on reinvestments of dividends.
To help the U.S. government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities,
federal law requires the Trust to verify identifying information provided by each investor in its
GMO Trust Application. Additional identifying documentation also may be required. If the Trust is
unable to verify the information shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed
and your shares redeemed at their net asset value at the time of the redemption.
The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase order. In addition, without notice, the
Fund in its sole discretion may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares to new
investors and, in some circumstances, existing shareholders.
Minimum investment amounts (by class) are set forth in the tables on page 19 of this Private
Placement Memorandum. No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares
of a class of the Fund. The Trust may waive initial minimums for some investors.
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (the Cut-off Time) and receive the current days price if
the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a purchase request prior to the
Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the purchases by the Top Fund of shares of the Fund are executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form
.
Completed purchase order forms can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust
at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to
confirm that GMO
received, made a good order determination regarding, and accepted
your purchase order form. Do not
send cash, checks, or securities directly to the Trust. A purchase request submitted by mail is
received by the Trust when it is actually delivered to the Trust or its agent. A purchase
request delivered by facsimile is received by the Trust when it is actually received by the
Trust or its delegates.
Funding Your Investment
. You may purchase shares:
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with cash (via wire transfer or check)
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-15-
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By wire
. Instruct your bank to wire the amount of your investment to:
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State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts
ABA#: 011000028
Attn: Transfer Agent
Credit: GMO Deposit Account 00330902
Further credit: GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund/Account name and number
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By check
. All checks must be made payable to the Fund or to GMO Trust.
The Trust will not accept checks payable to a third party that have been endorsed
by the payee to the Trust. Mail checks to:
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By U.S. Postal Service:
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By Overnight Courier:
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State Street Bank and Trust Company
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State Street Bank and Trust Company
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Transfer Agency/GMO
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Attn: Transfer Agency/GMO
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Box 5493
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200 Clarendon Street
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Mail Code JHT1651
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Mail Code JHT1651
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Boston, MA 02206
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Boston, MA 02116
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in exchange for securities acceptable to the Manager
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securities must be approved by the Manager prior to transfer to the Fund.
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securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
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by a combination of cash and securities
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Frequent Trading Activity.
As a matter of policy, the Trust will not honor requests for
purchases or exchanges by shareholders identified as engaging in frequent trading strategies,
including market timing, that GMO determines could be harmful to certain other Funds and their
shareholders. Frequent trading strategies are generally strategies that involve repeated exchanges
and/or purchases and redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time.
Frequent trading strategies may be disruptive to the efficient management of such Funds, materially
increase portfolio transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term
investors, or otherwise be harmful to such Funds and their shareholders.
Notwithstanding the
foregoing, these policies and procedures do not limit frequent trading of the Fund.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares when both the NYSE and the U.S.
bond markets are open for business. Redemption requests should be submitted to the Trust. For
instructions on redeeming shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com. The Trust may take up to seven days to remit proceeds.
Redemption Policies.
You must submit a redemption request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a redemption request is in good order if it includes:
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The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being redeemed;
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The number of shares or the dollar amount of the shares to be redeemed;
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The date on which the redemption is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the
close of regular trading on that date);
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-16-
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The name and/or the account number set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid
ambiguity;
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The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list; and
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Wire instructions or registration address that match the wire instructions or
registration address (as applicable) on file at GMO or confirmation from an authorized
signatory that the wire instructions are valid.
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If a redemption request in good order is received by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the redemption price for the Fund shares to
be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on that day (less any applicable redemption
fee). Redemption requests in good order that are received on days when the U.S. bond markets are
closed will not be accepted until the next day on which the U.S. bond markets are open, and the
redemption price will be the net asset value per share determined that day (less any applicable
redemption fee). If that redemption request is received after the close of regular trading on the
NYSE, the redemption price for the Fund shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share
determined on the next business day that the U.S. bond markets are open (less any applicable
redemption fee) unless an authorized person on the account has instructed GMO Shareholder Services
in writing to defer the redemption to another day. If you have instructed GMO Shareholder Services
to defer the redemption to another day an authorized person on your account may revoke your
redemption request in writing at any time prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or before the close of
regular trading on the NYSE (whichever is earlier) on the redemption date. Redemption fees, if
any, apply to all shares of the Fund regardless of how the shares were acquired (e.g., by direct
purchase or by reinvestment of dividends or other distributions). In the event of a disaster
affecting Boston, Massachusetts, please contact GMO to confirm receipt of your redemption request
and whether it is in good order.
Failure to provide the Trust with a properly authorized redemption request or otherwise
satisfy the Trust as to the validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address
will result in a delay in processing a redemption request, delay in remittance of redemption
proceeds, or a rejection of the redemption request.
As with all GMO Funds, if the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that paying
redemption proceeds wholly or partly in cash would be detrimental to the best interests of the
Funds remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay the redemption proceeds in whole or in part with
securities instead of cash. In particular, if market conditions deteriorate and the Manager
believes the Funds redemption fee (if any) is not fair compensation for transaction costs, the
Fund may limit cash redemptions (honoring redemptions with portfolio securities) in order to
protect the interests of all Fund shareholders.
If a redemption is paid in cash:
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payment generally will be made by means of federal funds transfer to the bank
account designated in a recordable format by an authorized signatory in the GMO Trust
Application to purchase the Fund shares being redeemed
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designation of one or more additional bank accounts or any change in
the bank accounts originally designated in the GMO Trust Application must be made
in a recordable format by an authorized signatory according to the procedures in
the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form
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upon request, payment will be made by check mailed to the registration address
(unless another address is specified according to the procedures in the GMO Trust
Redemption Order Form).
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-17-
The Trust will not make payments to third-parties on behalf of a shareholder upon a redemption
request and does not offer check-writing privileges.
If a redemption is paid with securities, it is important for you to note that:
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the securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
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the securities will be selected by the Manager in light of the Funds objective and
may not represent a pro rata distribution of each security held in the Funds portfolio
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you may incur brokerage charges on the sale of the securities
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redemptions paid in securities generally are treated by shareholders for tax
purposes the same as redemptions paid in cash
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the securities will be transferred and delivered by the Trust as directed in writing
by an authorized person on the account.
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The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven
days:
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if the NYSE or U.S. bond markets are closed on days other than weekends or holidays
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during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted
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during an emergency which makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its
securities or to fairly determine the net asset value of the Fund
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during any other period permitted by the SEC for your protection.
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Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has
the unilateral right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder at any time if at that time: (i)
the shares of the Fund or a class held by the shareholder have an aggregate net asset value of less
than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) the shares of the Fund or a
class held by the shareholder exceed a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or a class
determined from time to time by the Trustees. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole
discretion to redeem shares to prevent a shareholder from becoming an affiliated person of the
Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days
price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption request prior to
the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Redemption Request
. Redemption requests can be submitted by mail or by
facsimile to the Trust at the address/facsimile number set forth under How to Purchase Shares
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Redemption requests submitted by mail are received by the
Trust when actually delivered to the Trust. Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com to confirm that GMO received, made a good order determination regarding, and accepted
your redemption request.
PURCHASE PREMIUMS AND REDEMPTION FEES
Purchase premiums and redemption fees are paid to and retained by a Fund to help offset
estimated portfolio transaction costs and other related costs (e.g., stamp duties and transfer
fees) incurred
-18-
by the Fund (directly or indirectly through investments in underlying funds) as a result of the
purchase or redemption by allocating those estimated costs to the purchasing or redeeming
shareholder. At present, the Fund does not charge any purchase premium or redemption fee. However,
the Manager may impose a purchase premium and/or redemption fee for the Fund at any time.
MULTIPLE CLASSES
The Fund offers multiple classes of shares. The sole economic difference between the Class III
and Class VI shares of the Fund is the shareholder service fee they bear for client and shareholder
service, reporting and other support. Differences in the fee reflect the fact that, as the size of
a client relationship increases, the cost to service that client decreases as a percentage of the
clients assets. Thus, the shareholder service fee generally is lower for classes requiring a
greater minimum total investment under GMOs management.
Minimum Investment Criteria for Class III Eligibility
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Shareholder Service Fee
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Minimum Total Fund
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Minimum Total
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(as a % of average daily net
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Investment
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Investment
1
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assets)
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Class III Shares
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N/A
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$10 million
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0.15%
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Minimum Investment Criteria for Class VI Eligibility
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Shareholder Service Fee
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Minimum Total Fund
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Minimum Total
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(as a % of average daily net
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Investment
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Investment
1
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assets)
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Class VI Shares
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$300 million
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$750 million
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0.055
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%
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1
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The eligibility requirements in the tables above are subject to exceptions and
special rules for plan investors investing through financial intermediaries. See discussion
immediately following these tables for more information about these exceptions and special rules.
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Eligibility to purchase different classes of the Fund shares depends on the clients meeting
either (i) the minimum Total Fund Investment set forth in the above tables, which includes only a
clients total investment in the Fund, or (ii) the minimum Total Investment set forth in the
above tables, calculated as described below.
A clients Total Investment equals the market value of all the clients assets managed by GMO
and its affiliates (i) at the time of initial investment, (ii) at close of business on the last
business day of each calendar quarter, or (iii) at other times as determined by the Manager (each,
a Determination Date).
Upon request, GMO may permit a client to undertake in writing to meet the applicable Total
Fund Investment or Total Investment over a specified period. If the clients goal is not met by
the time specified in the letter (the Commitment Date), the client will be converted on the next
Determination Date to the class of shares for which the client satisfied all minimum investment
requirements as of the Commitment Date.
-19-
You should note:
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No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of
the Fund for any class of shares.
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The Manager will make all determinations as to the aggregation of client
accounts for purposes of determining eligibility. When making decisions regarding
whether accounts should be aggregated because they are part of a larger client
relationship, the Manager considers several factors including, but not limited to,
whether: the multiple accounts are for one or more subsidiaries of the same parent
company; the multiple accounts have the same beneficial owner regardless of the legal
form of ownership; the investment mandate is the same or substantially similar across
the relationship; the asset allocation strategies are substantially similar across the
relationship; GMO reports to the same investment board; the consultant is the same for
the entire relationship; GMO services the relationship through a single GMO
relationship manager; the relationships have substantially similar reporting
requirements; and/or the relationship can be serviced from a single geographic
location.
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Eligibility requirements for each class of shares are subject to change upon
notice to shareholders.
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The Trust may waive eligibility requirements for certain accounts or special
situations (e.g., GMO Funds that invest in other GMO Funds may invest in the least
expensive class of those GMO Funds offered at the time of investment).
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Investments through an intermediary generally are invested in Class III Shares.
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Conversions between Classes
Each clients Total Fund Investment and Total Investment are determined by GMO on each
Determination Date. Based on this determination, and subject to the following, each clients
shares of the Fund identified for conversion will be converted to the class of shares of the Fund
with the lowest Shareholder Service Fee for which the client satisfies all minimum investment
requirements (or, to the extent the client already holds shares of that class, the client will
remain in that class). Except as noted below, with respect to the Fund:
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To the extent a client satisfies all minimum investment requirements for a
class of shares then being offered that bears a lower shareholder service fee than the
class held by the client on the Determination Date, the clients shares identified for
conversion generally will be automatically converted to that class within 45 calendar
days following the Determination Date on a date selected by the Manager.
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To the extent a client no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements
for the class of shares held by the client on the last Determination Date of a calendar
year, the Trust generally will convert the clients shares to the class that is then
being offered bearing the lowest shareholder service fee for which the client satisfies
all minimum investment requirements (and which class will typically bear a higher
shareholder service fee than the class then held by the client). To the extent the
client no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements for any class of the
Fund as of the last Determination Date of a calendar year, the Trust will convert the
clients shares to the class of the Fund then being offered bearing the highest
shareholder service fee unless the value has increased prior to the expiration of the
notice period so as to satisfy all minimum investment requirements for the clients
current
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-20-
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class of shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a clients shares will not be converted
to a class of shares bearing a higher shareholder service fee without at least 15
calendar days prior notice by the Trust. To the extent that the client makes an
additional investment and/or the value of the clients shares otherwise increases prior
to the expiration of the notice period so as to satisfy all minimum investment
requirements for the clients current class of shares, the client will remain in the
class of shares then held by the client. Solely for the purpose of determining whether a
client has satisfied the additional investment requirements referenced in the preceding
sentence, the value of the clients shares shall be the greater of (i) the value of the
clients shares on the relevant Determination Date and (ii) the value of the clients
shares on the date that GMO reassesses the value of the clients account for the purpose
of sending the above referenced notice. If the client is not able to make an additional
investment in the Fund solely because the Fund is closed to new investment or is
capacity constrained, the client will remain in the class of shares then held by the
client unless the Manager approves reopening the Fund to facilitate an additional
investment. Any conversion of a clients shares to a class of shares bearing a higher
shareholder service fee generally will occur within 60 calendar days following the last
Determination Date of a calendar year or, in the case of conversion due to an abusive
pattern of investments and/or redemptions, on any other date pursuant to the Managers
discretion.
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However, the Trust may at any time without notice convert a clients shares to the class which
is then offered bearing the lowest shareholder service fee for which the client satisfied all
minimum investment requirements (or, if there is not such class, the class of that Fund which is
then being offered bearing the highest shareholder service fee) if the client no longer satisfies
all minimum investment requirements for the class of shares held by the client and either: (i) the
Manager believes the client has engaged in an abusive pattern of investments and/or redemptions, or
(ii) the total expense ratio borne by the client immediately following such conversion is equal to
or less than the total expense ratio borne by the client immediately prior to such conversion
(after giving effect to any applicable fee and expense waivers or reimbursements).
The Trust has been advised by counsel that, for tax purposes, the conversion of a clients
investment from one class of shares of the Fund to another class of shares of the Fund should not
result in the recognition of gain or loss in the shares that are converted. The clients tax basis
in the new class of shares immediately after the conversion should equal the clients basis in the
converted shares immediately before conversion, and the holding period of the new class of shares
should include the holding period of the converted shares.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Funds policy is to declare and pay distributions of its net income, if any,
semi-annually, although it is permitted to, and may from time to time, declare and pay
distributions of its net income, if any, more frequently (e.g., monthly). The Fund also intends to
distribute net gains, whether from the sale of securities held by the Fund for not more than one
year (i.e., net short-term capital gains) or from the sale of securities held by the Fund for more
than one year (i.e., net long-term capital gains), if any, at least annually. In addition, the
Fund may, from time to time and at its discretion, make unscheduled distributions in advance of
large redemptions by shareholders or as otherwise deemed appropriate by the Fund. From time to
time, distributions by the Fund could constitute, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a return of
capital to shareholders. Shareholders should read the description below for information regarding
the tax character of distributions from the Fund to shareholders.
All dividends and/or distributions are reinvested in additional shares of the Fund, at net
asset value, unless a shareholder elects to receive cash. Shareholders may elect to receive cash
by marking the
-21-
appropriate boxes on the GMO Trust Application or by writing to the Trust. No purchase
premium is charged on reinvested dividends or distributions.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to
shareholders investing in the Fund. The Funds shareholders may include certain other GMO Funds.
The summary below does not address tax consequences to shareholders of those other GMO Funds.
Shareholders of those other GMO Funds should refer to the prospectuses or private placement
memoranda (as applicable) and statements of additional information for those Funds for a summary of
the tax consequences applicable to them. It is important for you to note:
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The Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax
purposes and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under
Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
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For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income generally
are taxable as ordinary income.
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For U.S. federal income tax purposes, taxes on distributions of capital gains
generally are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated
them, rather than by how long a shareholder has owned shares in the Fund.
Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for
more than one year and that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain
dividends generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains.
Distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or
less generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
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The Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that
exceeds the Funds net investment income and net capital gains for that year, in which
case the excess generally would be treated as a return of capital, which would reduce a
shareholders tax basis in its applicable shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis
treated as gain from the sale of such shares. A return of capital is not taxable to
shareholders to the extent such amount does not exceed a shareholders tax basis, but
it reduces a shareholders tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or
increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its
shares.
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If the Fund realizes capital losses in excess of capital gains for any taxable year,
these excess losses will carry over and can be used to offset capital gains realized in
succeeding taxable years until either (a) the end of the eighth succeeding taxable year
or (b) such losses have been fully utilized to offset realized capital gains, whichever
comes first. The Funds ability to utilize these losses to reduce distributable
capital gains in succeeding taxable years may be limited by reason of direct or
indirect changes in the actual or constructive ownership of the Fund.
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For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, distributions of investment
income properly designated by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will
be taxable to shareholders taxed as individuals at the rates applicable to long-term
capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the
shareholder and Fund levels. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this
provision to tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. The Fund does not expect
a significant portion of its distributions to be derived from qualified dividend
income. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to most individuals have been reduced
to 15% (with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and
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-22-
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15% rate brackets) for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011. It is currently
unclear whether Congress will extend this reduction to tax years beginning on or after
January 1, 2011.
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Distributions by the Fund generally are taxable to a shareholder even if they are
paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before that shareholder invested in the
Fund (and accordingly the income or gains were included in the price the shareholder
paid for the Funds shares). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive
them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares.
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Distributions by the Fund to retirement plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment
under U.S. federal income tax laws generally will not be taxable. Special tax rules
apply to investments through such plans. You should consult your tax advisor to
determine the suitability of the Fund as an investment through such a plan and the tax
treatment of distributions from such a plan.
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Any gain resulting from a shareholders sale, exchange, or redemption (whether
effected in cash or in-kind) of Fund shares generally will be taxable to the
shareholder as short-term or long-term capital gain, depending on how long the Fund
shares were held by the shareholder.
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Any investment by the Fund in foreign securities may be subject to foreign
withholding taxes on dividends, interest, or capital gains. Those taxes will reduce
the Funds yield on these securities. The foreign withholding tax rates applicable to
the Funds investments in certain foreign jurisdictions may be higher if the Fund has a
significant number of non-U.S. shareholders than if it has fewer non-U.S. shareholders.
In addition, the Funds investment in foreign securities (other than equity
securities) or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Funds recognition of
ordinary income and may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of the Funds
distributions. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
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Certain of the Funds investment practices, including derivative transactions and
hedging activities generally, as well as the Funds investments in certain types of
securities, including debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount, asset-backed
securities, assets marked to the market for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and,
potentially, so-called indexed securities (such as inflation-indexed bonds), will be
subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions. These special rules
may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of the Funds distributions and may
cause the Fund to liquidate investments at a time when it is not advantageous to do so.
See Taxes in the SAI for more information about the tax consequences of specific
Fund investment practices and investments.
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To the extent the Fund invests in other funds of the Trust or other investment
companies treated as partnerships or regulated investment companies for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, the Funds distributions could vary, in terms of their timing,
character, and/or amount, from what the Funds distributions would have been had the
Fund invested directly in the portfolio securities and other assets held by the
underlying investment companies. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
The above is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations.
You should consult your own tax advisors about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the
Fund in
-23-
light of your particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local, or other
applicable taxes (including the federal alternative minimum tax).
Most states permit mutual funds, such as the Fund, to pass through to their shareholders the
state tax exemption on income earned from investments in certain direct U.S. Treasury obligations,
as well as some limited types of U.S. government agency securities, so long as a fund meets all
applicable state requirements. Therefore, you may be allowed to exclude from your state income tax
returns distributions made to you by the Fund to the extent attributable to interest the Fund
earned on such investments. The availability of these exemptions varies by state. You should
consult your tax advisors regarding the applicability of any such exemptions to your situation.
See Taxes in the SAI for more information, including a summary of certain tax consequences
of investing in the Fund for non-U.S. shareholders.
INVESTMENT IN OTHER GMO FUNDS
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund.
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (Treasury Fund), a series of the Trust, is
described in a separate prospectus. Treasury Fund is managed by GMO.
Treasury Fund pays an investment management fee to the Manager at the annual rate of 0.08% of
Treasury Funds average daily net assets. The Manager has voluntarily agreed to waive Treasury
Funds management fee. The Manager may change or terminate this waiver at any time. This waiver is
in addition to the Managers contractual agreement to reimburse Treasury Fund for expenses incurred
by Treasury Fund through at least June 30, 2010 to the extent Treasury Funds total annual
operating expenses (without giving effect to any voluntary management fee waiver and excluding
investment-related costs and Excluded Expenses) exceed 0.08% of Treasury Funds average daily net
assets. For these purposes, Excluded Expenses are expenses indirectly incurred by investment in
other Funds of the Trust, fees and expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust, fees and
expenses for legal services not approved by the Manager for the Trust, compensation and expenses of
the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions,
securities-lending fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other
investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments in any company that is an
investment company (including an exchange-traded fund) or would be an investment company under the
1940 Act, but for the exceptions to the definition of investment company provided in Sections
3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and
certain other unusual expenses (including taxes).
Treasury Funds investment objective is liquidity and safety of principal with current income
as a secondary objective.
Treasury Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in U.S.
Treasury securities. Under normal circumstances, Treasury Fund invests at least 80% of its net
assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in Direct U.S. Treasury
Obligations and repurchase agreements collateralized by these Obligations. Direct U.S. Treasury
Obligations include U.S. Treasury bills, bonds, and notes and other securities issued by the U.S.
Treasury, such as Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS) and other
zero-coupon securities, that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government as well
as repurchase agreements relating to the foregoing.
As a principal investment strategy Treasury Fund may enter into repurchase agreements, under
which Treasury Fund purchases a security backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government
from a seller who simultaneously commits to repurchase, on an agreed upon date in the future, the
security from Treasury Fund at the original purchase price plus an agreed upon amount representing
the original
-24-
purchase price plus interest. The counterparties in repurchase agreements are typically
broker-dealers and banks, and the safety of the arrangement is dependent upon Treasury Fund having
an interest in the security that can be realized in the event of the insolvency of the
counterparty. In addition to Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations, Treasury Fund may also invest in
other fixed-income securities that are also backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S.
government, such as guaranteed securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association
(GNMA) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Treasury Fund may also invest in
unaffiliated money market funds.
Treasury Fund normally invests in Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations and other fixed-income
securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government with a stated or remaining
maturity of one year or less. This may not be true of Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations purchased
pursuant to repurchase agreements, and, therefore, if the counterparty to the repurchase agreement
defaults, Treasury Fund may own a security with a stated or remaining maturity of greater than one
year.
Although Treasury Fund primarily invests in short-term obligations, it is
not
a money market
fund and is not subject to the duration, quality, diversification, and other requirements
applicable to money market funds. In addition, the Manager normally seeks to maintain a duration of
one year or less for Treasury Funds portfolio. The Manager determines Treasury Funds
dollar-weighted average portfolio duration by aggregating the durations of Treasury Funds
individual holdings and weighting each holding based on its market value.
In selecting U.S. Treasury securities for Treasury Funds portfolio, the Manager focuses
primarily on the relative attractiveness of different obligations (such as bonds, notes, or bills),
which can vary depending on the general level of interest rates as well as supply/demand imbalances
and other market conditions.
Other GMO Funds may invest in Treasury Fund to achieve exposure to U.S. Treasury securities,
to invest cash and/or to seek to generate a return similar to yields on U.S. Treasury securities.
Treasury Funds benchmark is the Citigroup 3 Month Treasury Bill Index, an independently
maintained and published short-term bill index.
Shareholders of the GMO Funds that hold investments in Treasury Fund will be indirectly
exposed to the risks associated with an investment in Treasury Fund. The principal risks of an
investment in Treasury Fund include Market Risk Fixed Income Securities, Liquidity Risk, Credit
and Counterparty Risk, and Focused Investment Risk.
-25-
GMO TRUST
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders (when available) will contain
additional information about the Funds investments. The Funds annual report (when available)
will contain a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly
affected the Funds performance during its initial fiscal year. The Funds annual and semiannual
reports (when available) will be, and the Funds SAI is, available free of charge by writing to
Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling collect at
1-617-346-7646. Because the Fund does not publicly offer its shares, its shareholder reports and
SAI are not available on GMOs website. The SAI contains more detailed information about the Fund
and is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum, which means that it is
legally considered to be part of this Private Placement Memorandum.
You can review and copy the Private Placement Memorandum, SAI, and reports (when available) at
the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the
Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other
information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at
http://www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee,
by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public
Reference Section of the SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written
communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief
Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
GMO TRUST
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund
GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund
GMO Special Situations Fund
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
December 2, 2009
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus. It relates to the Private Placement
Memorandum for each of GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund,
GMO Special Situations Fund, and GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, each dated June 26, 2009, as
amended and revised from time to time thereafter, and the Private Placement Memorandum for each of
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond
Fund, each dated December 2,
2009, as amended and revised from time to time thereafter (collectively, the Private Placement
Memoranda), and should be read in conjunction therewith. GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund,
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO Special Purpose Holding
Fund, GMO Special Situations Fund, and GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund (the Funds) are each a
series of GMO Trust (the Trust). Information from the Private Placement Memorandum is, and the
annual report to shareholders of each Fund is (or, in the case of each of GMO Debt Opportunities
Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, will be when available), incorporated by
reference into this Statement of Additional Information. The Private Placement Memorandum and the
annual report to shareholders of each Fund may be obtained (in the case of the annual report to
shareholders of each of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund,
when available) free of charge from GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, or by
calling the Trust collect at 1-617-346-7646.
Table of Contents
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1
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1
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3
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42
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54
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57
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58
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58
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76
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99
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106
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112
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115
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115
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118
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121
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122
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122
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126
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A-1
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B-1
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C-1
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-i-
Each Fund is a series of the Trust. The Trust is a series investment company that consists of
separate series of investment portfolios (the Series), each of which is represented by a separate
series of shares of beneficial interest. Each Series manager is Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo &
Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO). Shares of the other Series of the Trust are offered pursuant to
separate prospectuses or private placement memoranda, as applicable, and statements of additional
information.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective and principal strategies of, and risks of investing in, each Fund are
described in each Funds Private Placement Memorandum. Unless otherwise indicated in a Private
Placement Memorandum or this Statement of Additional Information, the investment objective and
policies of the Funds may be changed without shareholder approval.
FUND INVESTMENTS
The chart on the following page indicates the types of investments that each Fund is generally
permitted (but not required) to make. A Fund may, however, make other types of investments
provided the investments are consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies and the
Funds investment restrictions do not expressly prohibit it from so doing. With respect to Special
Purpose Holding Fund, as discussed in Fund SummaryPrincipal Investment Strategies in the
Private Placement Memorandum, the Fund currently expects that any new Fund investments will be made
primarily in cash, cash items, and high quality debt securities.
Investors should note that, when used in this Statement of Additional Information, the term
invest includes both direct investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes
both direct investments and indirect investments. For instance, a Fund may invest indirectly or
make indirect investments by investing in another Fund or in derivatives and synthetic instruments
with economic characteristics similar to the underlying asset or, with respect to Alternative Asset
Opportunity Fund, the Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by investing in GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund. Accordingly, the following chart indicates the types of
investments that a Fund is directly or indirectly permitted to make.
1
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Alternative Asset
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Debt Opportunities
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High Quality Short-
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Special Purpose
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Special Situations
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World Opportunity
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Opportunity Fund
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Fund
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Duration Bond Fund
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Holding Fund
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Fund
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Overlay Fund
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U.S. Equity Securities
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X
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X
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X
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Foreign InvestmentsForeign Issuers
1
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Foreign
InvestmentsForeign
Issuers (Traded on U.S. Exchanges)
1
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Foreign InvestmentsEmerging Countries
1
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Securities Lending
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Depository Receipts
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X
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X
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Convertible Securities
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X
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X
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X
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Preferred Stocks
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X
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Warrants and Rights
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Options and Futures
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Foreign Currency Transactions
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Repurchase Agreements
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesLong and Medium Term Corporate &
Government Bonds
2
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesShort-Term Corporate & Government
Bonds
2
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesMunicipal Securities
3
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X
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X
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X
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Cash and Other High Quality Investments
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Real Estate Investment Trusts and other Real Estate-Related Investments
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X
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X
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Asset-Backed and Related Securities
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Adjustable Rate Securities
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Below Investment Grade Securities
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Brady Bonds
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X
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Euro Bonds
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X
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Zero Coupon Securities
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Indexed Securities
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Structured Notes
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Loans, Loan Participations, and Assignments
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X
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X
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X
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Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Commodity-Related Investments
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X
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Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs
and Other Limited Opportunities
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments
|
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Investments in Other Investment CompaniesShares of Other GMO Trust Funds
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Units of GMO SPV I, LLC
4
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X
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Investments in Subsidiary Companies Shares of Wholly-Owned
Subsidiary
5
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X
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X
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1
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For more information, see, among other sections, Fund SummaryPrincipal Risks
of Investing in the FundForeign Investment Risk in the relevant Private Placement Memorandum and
Descriptions and Risks of Fund InvestmentsRisks of Foreign Investments herein.
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2
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2
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For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund
InvestmentsU.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities herein.
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3
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For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund
Investments-Municipal Securities herein.
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4
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For more information, see, among other sections, Fund SummaryPrincipal Investment
Strategies and Principal Risks of Investing in the
FundLitigation-Related Risk in the
Special Purpose Holding Fund Private Placement Memorandum.
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5
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For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund
InvestmentInvestments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiary herein.
|
(
Note
: Some of the footnotes to the above chart refer investors to various risks described
in the Fund SummaryPrincipal Risks of Investing in the Fund section of the Private Placement
Memoranda for more information relating to a particular type of investment listed in the chart.
The presence of such a risk cross reference for a particular Fund investment is not intended to
indicate that such risk is a principal risk of that Fund, and instead is intended to provide more
information regarding the risks associated with the particular investment. Please refer to the
Fund SummaryPrincipal Risks of Investing in the Fund sections of each Private Placement
Memorandum for a list of each Funds principal risks.)
DESCRIPTIONS AND RISKS OF FUND INVESTMENTS
The following is a description of investment practices in which the Funds may engage and the risks
associated with their use. As discussed above, however, Special Purpose Holding Fund currently
expects that any new Fund investments will be made primarily in cash, cash items, and high quality
debt securities. In addition, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund may invest in other Funds of the
Trust as disclosed in its Private Placement Memorandum, and is indirectly exposed to the investment
practices of the Funds in which it invests (the underlying Funds), and is therefore subject to
all risks associated with the practices of the underlying Funds.
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED HEREIN,
THE INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS DETAILED BELOW ALSO INCLUDE THOSE TO WHICH A FUND
INDIRECTLY MAY BE EXPOSED THROUGH ITS INVESTMENT IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS. ANY REFERENCES TO
INVESTMENTS MADE BY A FUND INCLUDE THOSE THAT MAY BE MADE BOTH DIRECTLY BY THE FUND AND INDIRECTLY
BY THE FUND (E.G., THROUGH ITS INVESTMENTS IN DERIVATIVES OR SYNTHETIC INSTRUMENTS OR THROUGH ITS
INVESTMENTS IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS).
Not all Funds may engage in all practices described below. Please refer to Fund Summary in each
Private Placement Memorandum and Fund Investments in this Statement of Additional Information for
additional information regarding the practices in which each Fund may engage.
Portfolio Turnover
Based on the Managers assessment of market conditions, the Manager may trade each Funds
investments more frequently at some times than at others, resulting in a higher portfolio turnover
rate. Increased portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and
other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by a Fund, and may involve realization of
capital gains or other types of income that are taxable when distributed to shareholders of the
Fund unless those shareholders are themselves exempt. If portfolio turnover results in the
recognition of short-term capital gains, those gains typically are taxed to shareholders at
ordinary
3
income tax rates. High turnover rates may adversely affect a Funds performance by generating
additional expenses and may result in additional taxable income for its shareholders. The
after-tax impact of portfolio turnover is not considered when making investment decisions for a
Fund. See Distributions and Taxes in the Private Placement Memoranda and Distributions and
Taxes in this Statement of Additional Information for more information.
The historical portfolio turnover rate for each Fund (other than Debt Opportunities Fund and High
Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, each of which has not yet commenced operations as of the date of
this Statement of Additional Information) is shown under the heading Financial Highlights in the
Private Placement Memoranda. Changes in portfolio turnover rates for Alternative Asset Opportunity
Fund and Special Situations Fund were generally the result of active trading strategies employed by
such Funds portfolio managers in response to market conditions, and not reflective of a material
change in investment strategy.
Non-Diversified Portfolios
As stated in the Private Placement Memoranda, each Fund is a non-diversified fund under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), and as such is not required to satisfy
the requirements for diversified funds, which require that at least 75% of the value of a
diversified funds total assets must be represented by cash and cash items (including receivables),
government securities, securities of other investment companies, and other securities that for the
purposes of this calculation are limited in respect of any one issuer to not greater than 5% of the
value of a funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any
single issuer. As a non-diversified fund, a Fund is permitted (but is not required) to invest a
higher percentage of its assets in the securities of fewer issuers. That concentration could
increase the risk of loss to a Fund resulting from a decline in the market value of particular
portfolio securities. Investment in a non-diversified fund may entail greater risks than
investment in a diversified fund.
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund each must meet certain
diversification standards to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). See Taxes below for a description of these
diversification standards.
Risks of Foreign Investments
General.
Investment in foreign issuers or securities principally traded outside the United States
may involve special risks due to foreign economic, political, and legal developments, including
favorable or unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations
(including currency blockage), expropriation or nationalization of assets, imposition of
withholding taxes on dividend or interest payments, and possible difficulty in obtaining and
enforcing judgments against foreign entities. Issuers of foreign securities are subject to
different, often less comprehensive, accounting, reporting, and disclosure requirements than U.S.
issuers. The securities of some foreign governments, companies, and securities markets are less
liquid, and at times more volatile, than comparable U.S. securities and securities markets.
Foreign brokerage commissions and related fees also are generally higher than in the United States.
Funds that invest in foreign securities also may be affected by different settlement practices or
4
delayed settlements in some markets. The laws of some foreign countries may limit a Funds ability
to invest in securities of certain issuers located in those countries. Special tax considerations
also apply to investments in securities of foreign issuers and securities principally traded
outside the United States.
Foreign countries may have reporting requirements with respect to the ownership of securities, and
those reporting requirements may be subject to interpretation or change without prior notice to
investors. While the Funds make reasonable efforts to stay informed of foreign reporting
requirements relating to the Funds foreign portfolio securities (e.g., through the Funds
brokerage contacts, publications of the Investment Company Institute, which is the national
association of U.S. investment companies, the Funds custodial network, and, to the extent deemed
appropriate by the Funds under the circumstances, local counsel in the relevant foreign country),
no assurance can be given that the Funds will satisfy applicable foreign reporting requirements at
all times.
Emerging Countries.
The risks described above apply to an even greater extent to investments in
emerging countries. The securities markets of emerging countries are generally smaller, less
developed, less liquid, and more volatile than the securities markets of the United States and
developed foreign countries, and disclosure and regulatory standards in many respects are less
stringent. In addition, the securities markets of emerging countries are typically subject to a
lower level of monitoring and regulation. Government enforcement of existing securities
regulations is limited, and any such enforcement may be arbitrary and the results may be difficult
to predict. In addition, reporting requirements of emerging countries with respect to the
ownership of securities are more likely to be subject to interpretation or changes without prior
notice to investors than more developed countries.
Many emerging countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of
inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have negative effects on their economies and securities markets.
Economies of emerging countries generally are heavily dependent on international trade and,
accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed
or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. Economies of emerging countries also have
been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which
they trade. The economies of emerging countries may be predominantly based on only a few
industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities. In many cases, governments of
emerging countries continue to exercise significant control over their economies, and government
actions relative to the economy, as well as economic developments generally, may affect the
capacity of creditors in those countries to make payments on their debt obligations, regardless of
their financial condition.
Custodial services are often more expensive and other investment-related costs higher in emerging
countries than in developed countries, which could reduce a Funds income from investments in
securities or debt instruments of emerging country issuers.
5
Emerging countries are more likely than developed countries to experience political uncertainty and
instability, including the risk of war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of
funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that affect U.S. investments in these countries.
No assurance can be given that adverse political changes will not cause a Fund to suffer a loss of
any or all of its investments (or, in the case of fixed-income securities, interest) in emerging
countries.
Securities Lending
A Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities amounting to not more than one-third of
its total assets. For these purposes, total assets include the proceeds of such loans. Securities
loans are made to broker-dealers that the Manager believes to be of relatively high credit standing
pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans continuously be collateralized by cash, liquid
securities, or shares of other investment companies with a value at least equal to the market value
of the loaned securities. If a loan is collateralized by U.S. government securities, the Fund
receives a fee from the borrower. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Fund typically invests
the cash collateral for its own account in interest-bearing, short-term securities and pays a fee
to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Funds earnings on the collateral. As
with other extensions of credit, the Fund bears the risk of delay in the recovery of the securities
and of loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. The Fund also bears
the risk that the value of investments made with collateral may decline.
Voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower. The
Fund has the right to call loans at any time on reasonable notice and will do so if holders of a
loaned security are asked to take action on a material matter. However, the Fund bears the risk of
delay in the return of the security, impairing the Funds ability to vote on such matters. The
Manager has retained lending agents on behalf of several of the Funds that are compensated based on
a percentage of the Funds return on its securities lending. The Fund may also pay various fees in
connection with securities loans, including shipping fees and custodian fees.
A Funds securities loans may or may not be structured to preserve qualified dividend income
treatment or the corporate dividends-received deduction on dividends paid on the loaned securities.
A Fund may receive substitute payments under its loans (instead of dividends on the loaned
securities) that are not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income and the long-term
capital gain tax rates applicable thereto, or as dividends eligible for the corporate
dividends-received deduction. See Taxes below for further discussion of qualified dividend
income and the corporate dividends-received deduction.
Depository Receipts
Certain Funds may invest in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depository Receipts (GDRs),
and European Depository Receipts (EDRs) (collectively, Depository Receipts). Depository Receipts
generally evidence an ownership interest in a foreign security on deposit with a financial
institution. Transactions in Depository Receipts usually do not settle in the same currency in
which the underlying foreign securities are denominated or traded. Generally, ADRs are designed
for use in the U.S. securities markets and EDRs are designed for use in European
6
securities markets. GDRs may be traded in any public or private securities market and may
represent securities held by institutions located anywhere in the world.
Convertible Securities
A convertible security is a security (a bond or preferred stock) that may be converted at a stated
price within a specified period into a specified number of shares of common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in a corporations capital
structure, but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer. Convertible
securities provide holders, through their conversion feature, an opportunity to participate in
increases in the market price of their underlying securities. The price of a convertible security
is influenced by the market price of the underlying security, and tends to increase as the market
price rises and decrease as the market price declines. The Manager regards convertible securities
as a form of equity security.
Equity Securities
Equity securities, including convertible securities, can decline in value due to factors affecting
the issuing companies, their industries, or the economy and equity markets generally. Equity
securities may decline in value for a number of reasons that directly relate to the issuing
company, such as management performance, financial leverage, and reduced demand for the issuers
goods or services. They also may decline in value due to factors that affect a particular industry
or industries, such as labor shortages, increased production costs, or competitive conditions
within an industry. In addition, they may decline in value due to general market conditions that
are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic
conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency
rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally.
Preferred Stocks
Preferred stocks include convertible and non-convertible preferred and preference stocks that are
senior to common stock. Preferred stocks are equity securities that are senior to common stock
with respect to the right to receive dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from the
issuers liquidation. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional
liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of the issuers common stock, and thus represent
an ownership interest in the issuer. Depending on the features of the particular security, holders
of preferred stock may bear the risks disclosed in the relevant Private Placement Memoranda or this
Statement of Additional Information regarding equity or fixed income securities.
Warrants and Rights
A Fund may purchase or otherwise receive warrants or rights. Warrants and rights generally give
the holder the right to receive, upon exercise, a security of the issuer at a stated price. Funds
typically use warrants and rights in a manner similar to their use of options on securities, as
described in Options and Futures below. Risks associated with the use of warrants and rights are
generally similar to risks associated with the use of options. Unlike most options, however,
7
warrants and rights are issued in specific amounts, and warrants generally have longer terms than
options. Warrants and rights are not likely to be as liquid as exchange-traded options backed by a
recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of warrants or rights may limit a Funds
ability to exercise the warrants or rights at such time, or in such quantities, as the Fund would
otherwise wish.
Options and Futures
Certain Funds may use options and futures for various purposes, including for investment purposes
and as a means to hedge other investments. (See Uses of Derivatives below for more information
regarding the various derivatives strategies those Funds may employ using options and futures.)
The use of options contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts involves risk.
Thus, while a Fund may benefit from the use of options, futures, and options on futures,
unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices, currency exchange rates, or other
underlying assets or reference rates may adversely affect a Funds performance.
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund uses commodity futures contracts to implement its investment
program, including for investment and hedging purposes. As described in Commodity-Related
Investments below, the Fund uses commodity futures contracts and other related commodity-related
derivatives indirectly through its wholly-owned subsidiary. In addition, certain of the Funds
exposure to financial options and futures may be obtained indirectly through its investment in GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund.
Options on Securities and Indices.
Certain Funds may purchase and sell put and call options on
equity, fixed income, or other securities or indices in standardized exchange-traded contracts. An
option on a security or index is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a
premium, the right (but not the obligation) to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the
case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of
the index underlying the option) at a specified price. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on a
security has the obligation to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price
or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. Upon exercise, the writer
of an option on an index is required to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and
the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option.
Purchasing Options on Securities and Indices.
Among other reasons, a Fund may purchase a put
option to hedge against a decline in the value of a portfolio security. If such a decline occurs,
the put option will permit the Fund to sell the security at the higher exercise price or to close
out the option at a profit. By using put options in this manner, the Fund will reduce any profit
it might otherwise have realized in the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for
the put option and by its transaction costs. In order for a put option purchased by a Fund to be
profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the
exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund and transaction costs.
Among other reasons, a Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of
securities the Fund anticipates purchasing in the future. If such a price increase occurs, a call
option will permit the Fund to purchase the securities at the exercise price or to close out the
option at a profit. The premium paid for the call option, plus any transaction costs, will reduce
8
the benefit, if any, that the Fund realizes upon exercise of the option and, unless the price of
the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Fund. Thus, for
a call option purchased by a Fund to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security
must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund to the writer
and transaction costs.
In the case of both call and put options, the purchaser of an option risks losing the premium paid
for the option plus related transaction costs if the option expires worthless.
Writing Options on Securities and Indices.
Because a Fund receives a premium for writing a put or
call option, a Fund may seek to increase its return by writing call or put options on securities or
indices. The premium a Fund receives for writing an option will increase the Funds return in the
event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The size of the premium a Fund
receives reflects, among other things, the relationship of the market price and volatility of the
underlying security or index to the exercise price of the option, the remaining term of the option,
supply and demand, and interest rates.
A Fund may write a call option on a security or other instrument held by the Fund (commonly known
as writing a covered call option). In such case, the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from
an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option.
Alternatively, a Fund may write a call option on securities in which it may invest but that are not
currently held by the Fund. During periods of declining securities prices or when prices are
stable, writing these types of call options can be a profitable strategy to increase a Funds
income with minimal capital risk. However, when securities prices increase, the Fund is exposed to
an increased risk of loss, because if the price of the underlying security or instrument exceeds
the options exercise price, the Fund will suffer a loss equal to the amount by which the market
price exceeds the exercise price at the time the call option is exercised, minus the premium
received. Calls written on securities that the Fund does not own are riskier than calls written on
securities owned by the Fund because there is no underlying security held by the Fund that can act
as a partial hedge. When such a call is exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying security
to meet its call obligation or make a payment equal to the value of its obligation in order to
close out the option. Calls written on securities that the Fund does not own have speculative
characteristics and the potential for loss is unlimited. There is also a risk, especially with
less liquid preferred and debt securities, that the securities may not be available for purchase.
A Fund also may write a put option on a security. In so doing, the Fund assumes the risk that it
may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than its
then-current market price, resulting in a loss on exercise equal to the amount by which the market
price of the security is below the exercise price minus the premium received.
OTC Options
. A Fund may also invest in over-the-counter (OTC) options. OTC options differ from
exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts, with price and other terms negotiated
between the buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as exchange-traded
options.
9
Closing Options Transactions
.
The holder of an option may terminate its position in a put or call
option it has purchased by allowing it to expire or by exercising the option. If an option is
American style, it may be exercised on any day up to its expiration date. In contrast, a European
style option may be exercised only on its expiration date.
In addition, a holder of an option may terminate its obligation prior to the options expiration by
effecting an offsetting closing transaction. In the case of exchange-traded options, a Fund, as a
holder of an option, may effect an offsetting closing sale transaction by selling an option of the
same series as the option previously purchased. A Fund realizes a loss from a closing sale
transaction if the premium received from the sale of the option is less than the premium paid to
purchase the option (plus transaction costs). Similarly, a Fund that has written an option may
effect an offsetting closing purchase transaction by buying an option of the same series as the
option previously written. A Fund realizes a loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost
of the closing purchase transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is greater than the
premium received from writing the option. If a Fund desires to sell a security on which it has
written a call option, it will effect a closing purchase prior to or concurrently with the sale of
the security. There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale can be effected
when a Fund desires to do so.
An OTC option may be closed out only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an
offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out
the option with the counterparty.
No guarantee exists that a Fund will be able to effect a closing purchase or a closing sale with
respect to a specific option at any particular time.
Risk Factors in Options Transactions.
There are various risks associated with transactions in
exchange-traded and OTC options. The value of options written by a Fund, which will be priced
daily, will be affected by, among other factors, changes in the value of underlying securities
(including those comprising an index), changes in the dividend rates of underlying securities
(including those comprising an index), changes in interest rates, changes in the actual or
perceived volatility of the stock market and underlying securities, and the remaining time to an
options expiration. The value of an option also may be adversely affected if the market for the
option is reduced or becomes less liquid. In addition, since an American style option allows the
holder to exercise its rights any time prior to expiration of the option, the writer of an American
style option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligations as a
writer of the option. This risk is not present when writing a European style option since the
holder may only exercise the option on its expiration date.
The Funds ability to use options as part of their investment programs depends on the liquidity of
the markets in those instruments. In addition, there can be no assurance that a liquid market will
exist when a Fund seeks to close out an option position. If a Fund were unable to close out an
option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to
realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. If a Fund were unable to close out a call
option that it had written on a portfolio security owned by the Fund, it would not be able to sell
the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise. As the writer of a call option
on
10
a portfolio security, during the options life, the Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from
increases in the market value of the security underlying the call option above the sum of the
premium and the strike price of the call, but retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received)
should the price of the underlying security decline. Similarly, as the writer of a call option on
a securities index, a Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from increases in the index over the
strike price of the option, though it retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received) should
the price of the Funds portfolio securities decline.
An exchange-traded option may be closed out by means of an offsetting transaction only on a
national securities exchange (Exchange), which generally provides a liquid secondary market for
an option of the same series. If a liquid secondary market for an exchange-traded option does not
exist, a Fund might not be able to effect an offsetting closing transaction for a particular option
as described above. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an Exchange include
the following: (i) insufficient trading interest in some options; (ii) restrictions by an Exchange
on opening or closing transactions, or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions, or other
restrictions on particular classes or series of options or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or
unforeseen interruptions in normal operations on an Exchange; (v) inability to handle current
trading volume; or (vi) discontinuance of options trading (or trading in a particular class or
series of options) (although outstanding options on an Exchange that were issued by the Options
Clearing Corporation should continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms). In
addition, the hours of trading for options on an Exchange may not conform to the hours during which
the securities held by a Fund are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the
markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the
underlying markets that may not be reflected in the options markets.
The Exchanges have established limits on the maximum number of options an investor or group of
investors acting in concert may write. The Funds, the Manager, and other clients of the Manager
constitute such a group. These limits restrict a Funds ability to purchase or sell options on a
particular security.
An OTC option may be closed out only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an
offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out
the option with the counterparty. See Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts Risk
Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts below for a discussion of
counterparty risk and other risks associated with investing in OTC options.
Each Funds ability to engage in options transactions may be limited by tax considerations.
Currency Options.
Certain Funds may purchase and sell options on currencies. Options on
currencies possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate
in a similar manner. Funds that are permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign
currencies may purchase or sell options on currencies. (See Foreign Currency Transactions below
for more information on those Funds use of currency options.)
Futures.
To the extent consistent with applicable law, a Fund permitted to invest in futures
contracts may invest in futures contracts on, among other things, financial instruments (such as a
11
U.S. government security or other fixed income security), individual equity securities (single
stock futures), securities indices, interest rates, currencies, inflation indices, and (to the
extent a Fund is permitted to invest in commodities and commodity-related derivatives (as defined
in Commodity-Related Investments below) commodities or commodities indices. Futures contracts on
securities indices are referred to herein as Index Futures.
In particular, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund gains indirect exposure to futures contracts on
various commodities or commodity indices (commodity futures) and options on commodity futures
through its wholly-owned subsidiarys investments in commodity futures contracts.
Commodity futures and certain other types of futures contracts are physically settled (i.e.,
involve the making and taking of delivery of a specified amount of an underlying security or other
asset). For instance, the sale of futures contracts on foreign currencies or financial instruments
creates an obligation of the seller to deliver a specified quantity of an underlying foreign
currency or financial instrument called for in the contract for a stated price at a specified time.
Conversely, the purchase of such futures contracts creates an obligation of the purchaser to pay
for and take delivery of the underlying foreign currency or financial instrument called for in the
contract for a stated price at a specified time. In some cases, the specific instruments delivered
or taken, respectively, on the settlement date are not determined until on or near that date. That
determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the sale or purchase
was made.
Some futures contracts are cash settled (rather than physically settled), which means that the
purchase price is subtracted from the current market value of the instrument and the net amount, if
positive, is paid to the purchaser by the seller of the futures contract and, if negative, is paid
by the purchaser to the seller of the futures contract. In particular, Index Futures are
agreements pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal
to the difference between the value of a securities index at the close of the last trading day of
the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value
of a securities index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical
delivery of these securities is made.
The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or sale of a security or
option in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, an amount of cash, U.S.
government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to a percentage of the face amount of
the futures contract must be deposited with the broker. This amount is known as initial margin.
The amount of the initial margin is generally set by the market on which the contract is traded
(margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than those on U.S. exchanges).
Subsequent payments to and from the broker, known as variation margin, are made on a daily basis as
the price of the underlying futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the
futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking to the market. For futures
contracts which are cash settled, a Fund may designate or segregate liquid assets in an amount
equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market value of such contract. Prior to the settlement date of
the futures contract, the position may be closed by taking an opposite position. A final
determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to
12
be paid to or released by the broker, and the purchaser realizes a loss or gain. In addition, a
commission is paid to the broker on each completed purchase and sale.
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities,
currencies, commodities or other underlying instrument, in most cases, futures contracts are closed
before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery by offsetting purchases or
sales of matching futures contracts (i.e., with the same exchange, underlying financial instrument,
currency, commodity, or index, and delivery month). If the price of the initial sale exceeds the
price of the offsetting purchase, the seller is paid the difference and realizes a gain.
Conversely, if the price of the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of the initial sale, the
seller realizes a loss. Similarly, a purchase of a futures contract is closed out by selling a
corresponding futures contract. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the original purchase price,
the purchaser realizes a gain, and, if the original purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale
price, the purchaser realizes a loss. Any transaction costs must also be included in these
calculations.
In the United States, futures contracts are traded only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade
known as contract markets approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC),
and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm that is a member of
the relevant market. Certain Funds may also purchase futures contracts on foreign exchanges or
similar entities, which are not regulated by the CFTC and may not be subject to the same degree of
regulation as the U.S. contract markets. (See Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures
Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts Traded on Foreign Exchanges below.)
Index Futures.
A Funds purchase and sale of Index Futures is limited to contracts and exchanges
approved by the CFTC. A Fund may close open positions on an exchange on which Index Futures are
traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. In general, all positions that remain
open at the close of business on that day must be settled on the next business day (based on the
value of the relevant index on the expiration day). Additional or different margin requirements as
well as settlement procedures may apply to foreign stock Index Futures.
Interest Rate Futures.
Some Funds may engage in transactions involving the use of futures on
interest rates. These transactions may be in connection with investments in U.S. government
securities and other fixed income securities.
Currency Futures.
Funds that are permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign
currencies may buy and sell futures contracts on currencies. (See Foreign Currency Transactions
below for a description of those Funds use of currency futures.)
Options on Futures Contracts.
Options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return
for the premium paid to assume a long position (in the case of a call option) or a short position
(in the case of a put option) in a futures contract at the option exercise price at any time during
the period of the option (in the case of an American style option) or on the expiration date (in
the case of European style option). Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long
position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the
case
13
of a put option, the holder acquires a short position and the writer is assigned the opposite long
position in the futures contract. Accordingly, in the event that an option is exercised, the
parties will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as
payment of initial and variation margin deposits.
Funds may use options on futures contracts in lieu of writing or buying options directly on the
underlying securities or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to
hedge against a possible decrease in the value of its portfolio securities, a Fund may purchase put
options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling futures contracts.
Similarly, a Fund may hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities the Fund expects
to purchase by purchasing call options or writing put options on futures contracts rather than
purchasing futures contracts. Options on futures contracts generally operate in the same manner as
options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. (See Foreign Currency
Transactions below for a description of some Funds use of options on currency futures.)
A Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on
futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits may vary depending on the nature of the
underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value
of the option, and other futures positions held by the Fund.
A position in an option on a futures contract may be terminated by the purchaser or seller prior to
expiration by effecting a closing purchase or sale transaction, subject to the availability of a
liquid secondary market, which is the purchase or sale of an option of the same type (i.e., the
same exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously purchased or sold. The
difference between the premiums paid and received represents the Funds profit or loss on the
transaction.
Commodity Futures and Options on Commodity Futures.
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund may have
exposure to futures contracts on various commodities or commodities indices and options on
commodity futures. A futures contract on a commodity is an agreement between two parties in which
one party agrees to purchase a commodity, such as an energy, agricultural, or metal commodity, from
the other party at a later date at a price and quantity agreed upon when the contract is made.
Futures contracts on commodities indices operate in a manner similar to Index Futures. While
commodity futures on individual commodities are physically settled, the Manager intends to close
out those futures contracts before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery.
Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions
. Investment in futures contracts involves
risk. A purchase or sale of futures contracts may result in losses in excess of the amount
invested in the futures contract. If a futures contract is used for hedging, an imperfect
correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security,
currency, or other investment being hedged creates risk. Correlation is higher when the investment
being hedged underlies the futures contract. Correlation is lower when the investment being hedged
is different than the instrument underlying the futures contract, such as when a futures contract
on an index of securities or commodities is used to hedge a single security or commodity, a futures
contract on one security (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) or
14
commodity (e.g., gold) is used to hedge a different security (e.g., a mortgage-backed security) or
commodity (e.g., copper), or when a futures contract in one currency is used to hedge a security
denominated in another currency. In the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures
position and the portfolio position (or anticipated position) intended to be protected, the Fund
may realize a loss on the futures contract and/or on the portfolio position intended to be
protected. The risk of imperfect correlation generally tends to diminish as the maturity date of
the futures contract approaches. To compensate for imperfect correlations, a Fund may purchase or
sell futures contracts in a greater amount than the hedged investments if the volatility of the
price of the hedged investments is historically greater than the volatility of the futures
contracts. Conversely, a Fund may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of
the price of the hedged investments is historically less than that of the futures contract.
In the case of Index Futures and commodity futures on commodity indices, changes in the price of
those futures contracts may not correlate perfectly with price movements in the relevant index due
to market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit
and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting margin calls, investors may close futures
contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort normal correlations. Second, the
margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the
securities market, resulting in more speculators who may cause temporary price distortions. Third,
trading hours for foreign stock Index Futures may not correspond perfectly to the trading hours of
the foreign exchange to which a particular foreign stock Index Future relates. As a result, the
lack of continuous arbitrage may cause a disparity between the price of foreign stock Index Futures
and the value of the relevant index.
A Fund also may purchase futures contracts (or options on them) as an anticipatory hedge against a
possible increase in the price of a currency in which securities the Fund anticipates purchasing is
denominated. In such instances, the currency may instead decline. If the Fund does not then
invest in those securities, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset
by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
The Funds ability to engage in the futures and options on futures strategies described above
depends on the liquidity of the markets in those instruments. Trading interest in various types of
futures and options on futures cannot be predicted. Therefore, no assurance can be given that a
Fund will be able to utilize these instruments effectively. In addition, there can be no assurance
that a liquid market will exist at a time when a Fund seeks to close out a futures or option on a
futures contract position, and that Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until
the position is closed. The liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely
affected by daily price fluctuation limits established by commodity exchanges to limit the amount
of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has
been reached, no trades of the contract may be entered at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing
the liquidation of open futures positions. In the past, prices have exceeded the daily limit on
several consecutive trading days. Short positions in Index Futures or commodity futures on
commodities indices may be closed out only by purchasing a futures contract on the exchange on
which the Index Futures or commodity futures, as applicable, are traded.
15
As discussed above, a Fund that purchases or sells a futures contract is only required to deposit
initial and variation margin as required by relevant CFTC regulations and the rules of the contract
market. Because the purchase of a futures contract obligates the Fund to purchase the underlying
security or other instrument at a set price on a future date, the Funds net asset value will
fluctuate with the value of the security or other instrument as if it were already in the Funds
portfolio. Futures transactions have the effect of investment leverage to the extent the Fund does
not maintain liquid assets equal to the face amount of the contract. If a Fund combines short and
long positions, in addition to possible declines in the values of its investment securities, the
Fund will incur losses if the index underlying the long futures position underperforms the index
underlying the short futures position.
Each Funds ability to engage in futures and options on futures transactions may be limited by tax
considerations.
Additional Risk Associated with Commodity Futures Transactions.
Several additional risks are
associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.
Storage Costs.
The price of a commodity futures contract reflects the storage costs of purchasing
the underlying commodity, including the time value of money invested in the commodity. To the
extent that the storage costs change, the value of the futures contracts may change
correspondingly.
Reinvestment Risk.
In the commodity futures markets, producers of an underlying commodity may sell
futures contracts to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery. To induce speculators to
purchase the other side (the long side) of the contract, the commodity producer generally must sell
the contract at a lower price than the expected futures spot price. Conversely, if most purchasers
of the underlying commodity purchase futures contracts to hedge against a rise in commodity prices,
then speculators will only sell the contract at a higher price than the expected future spot price
of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will
influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected futures spot price. As a result,
when the Manager reinvests the proceeds from a maturing contract, it may purchase a new futures
contract at a higher or lower price than the expected futures spot prices of the maturing contract
or choose to pursue other investments.
Additional Economic Factors.
The value of the commodities underlying commodity futures contracts
may be subject to additional economic and non-economic factors, such as drought, floods or other
weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from substitute products,
transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand, tariffs, and
international economic, political, and regulatory developments. Thus, Alternative Asset
Opportunity Funds wholly-owned subsidiarys investments may be subject to greater volatility than
those of a fund with a broad range of investment alternatives.
See also Commodity-Related Investments below for more discussion of the special risks of
investing in commodity futures, options on commodity futures, and related types of derivatives.
16
Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts
Traded on Foreign Exchanges.
Options on securities, futures contracts, options on futures
contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not
be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States (which are regulated by
the CFTC) and may be subject to greater risks than trading on domestic exchanges. For example,
some foreign exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a
trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The lack of a common clearing
facility creates counterparty risk. If a counterparty defaults, a Fund normally will have
contractual remedies against that counterparty, but may be unsuccessful in enforcing those
remedies. When seeking to enforce a contractual remedy, a Fund also is subject to the risk that
the parties may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently. If a
dispute occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund to
enforce its contractual rights may lead the Fund to decide not to pursue its claims against the
counterparty. A Fund thus assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it
under foreign futures contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund
has incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, unless a Fund hedges against fluctuations in
the exchange rate between the currencies in which trading is done on foreign exchanges and other
currencies, any profits that a Fund might realize in trading could be offset (or worse) by adverse
changes in the exchange rate. The value of foreign options and futures may also be adversely
affected by other factors unique to foreign investing (see Risks of Foreign Investments above).
Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts
Certain Funds may use swap contracts (or swaps) and other two-party contracts for the same or
similar purposes as options and futures. In addition, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund uses swap
contracts (or swaps) on broad-based commodity indices (commodity swaps) and other related
two-party contracts to implement its investment program, including for investment and hedging
purposes. As described in Commodity-Related Investments below, Alternative Asset Opportunity
Fund uses commodity swaps and other commodity-related two-party contracts indirectly through its
wholly-owned subsidiary. In addition, certain of Alternative Asset Opportunity Funds exposure to
financial swap contracts and other related two-party contracts may be obtained indirectly through
its investment in GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund. (See Uses of Derivatives below for more
information regarding the various derivatives strategies those Funds may employ using swap
contracts and other two-party contracts.)
Swap Contracts.
As described in Uses of Derivatives below, the Funds may directly or indirectly
use various different types of swaps, such as swaps on securities and securities indices, total
return swaps, interest rate swaps, currency swaps, credit default swaps, variance swaps, commodity
swaps, inflation swaps, and other types of available swap agreements, depending on a Funds
investment objective and policies. Swap contracts are two-party contracts entered into primarily
by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to a number of years. Under a
typical swap, one party may agree to pay a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to
a specified instrument, rate, or index, multiplied in each case by a specified amount (notional
amount), while the other party agrees to pay an amount equal to a different floating rate
multiplied by the same notional amount. On each payment date, the parties obligations are netted,
with only the net amount paid by one party to the other.
17
Swap contracts are typically individually negotiated and structured to provide exposure to a
variety of different types of investments or market factors. Swap contracts may be entered into
for hedging or non-hedging purposes and therefore may increase or decrease a Funds exposure to the
underlying instrument, rate, asset or index. Swaps can take many different forms and are known by
a variety of names. A Fund is not limited to any particular form or variety of swap agreement if
the Manager determines it is consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies.
World Opportunity Overlay Fund and Special Situations Fund may enter into interest rate swaps to
exploit misvaluations in world interest rates and, in the case of World Opportunity Overlay Fund,
to add value relative to the Funds benchmark. In the case of an interest rate swap, the Fund may
agree with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the
counterparty pay a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. To the extent the
floating rate exceeds or falls short of the offsetting fixed rate obligation of the Fund, the Fund
will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty, respectively.
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund indirectly (through its wholly-owned subsidiary) enters into
commodity swaps on one or more broad-based commodities indices (e.g., the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity
Index). In addition, the Fund may indirectly enter into commodity swaps on individual commodities
or baskets of commodities. If the Fund indirectly enters into a commodity swap contract through
its wholly-owned subsidiary (long or short), the Funds net asset value will fluctuate with changes
in the value of the commodity index, basket of commodities, or individual commodity on which the
commodity swap is based. The fluctuation will be the same as if the Fund had purchased the
notional amount of commodities comprising the index, commodities comprising the basket, or
individual commodity, as the case may be.
A Fund may enter into swaps on securities or securities indices. For example, the parties to a
swap contract may agree to exchange returns calculated on a notional amount of a security, basket
of securities, or securities index (e.g., S&P 500 Index). Additionally, a Fund may use total
return swaps, which typically involve commitments to pay amounts computed in the same manner as
interest in exchange for a market-linked return, both based on notional amounts. A Fund may use
such swaps to gain investment exposure to the underlying security or securities where direct
ownership is either not legally possible or is economically unattractive. To the extent the total
return of the security, basket of securities, or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls
short of the offsetting interest rate obligation, a Fund will receive a payment from or make a
payment to the counterparty, respectively.
In addition, a Fund may enter into an interest rate swap in order to protect against declines in
the value of fixed income securities held by the Fund. In such an instance, the Fund may agree
with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the counterparty pay
a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. If interest rates rise, resulting in a
diminution in the value of the Funds portfolio, the Fund would receive payments under the swap
that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value. A Fund may also enter into swaps
to modify its exposure to particular currencies using currency swaps. For instance, a Fund
18
may enter into a currency swap between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese Yen in order to increase or
decrease its exposure to each such currency.
A Fund may use inflation swaps, which involve commitments to pay a regular stream of inflation
indexed cash payments in exchange for receiving a stream of nominal interest payments (or vice
versa), where both payment streams are based on a notional amount. The nominal interest payments
may be based on either a fixed interest rate or variable interest rate, such as LIBOR. Inflation
swaps may be used to hedge the inflation risk in nominal bonds (i.e., non-inflation indexed bonds),
thereby creating synthetic inflation indexed bonds, or combined with U.S. Treasury futures
contracts to create synthetic inflation indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury. See Indexed
Securities Inflation Indexed Bonds below.
In addition, a Fund may directly or, in the case of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, indirectly
(through GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund) use credit default swaps to take an active long or
short position with respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate (including asset-backed
security) or sovereign issuer of fixed income securities. In a credit default swap, one party
pays, in effect, an insurance premium through a stream of payments to another party in exchange for
the right to receive a specified return in the event of default (or similar events) by one or more
third parties on their obligations. For example, in purchasing a credit default swap, a Fund may
pay a premium in return for the right to put specified bonds or loans to the counterparty, such as
a U.S. or foreign issuer or basket of such issuers, upon issuer default (or similar events) at
their par (or other agreed-upon) value. A Fund, as the purchaser in a credit default swap, bears
the risk that the investment might expire worthless. It also would be subject to counterparty risk
the risk that the counterparty may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund in the
event of a default (or similar event) (see Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other
Two-Party Contracts below). In addition, as a purchaser in a credit default swap, the Funds
investment would only generate income in the event of an actual default (or similar event) by the
issuer of the underlying obligation.
A Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes by selling a credit default swap,
in which case the Fund will receive a premium from its counterparty in return for the Funds taking
on the obligation to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value to the counterparty upon issuer
default (or similar events). As the seller in a credit default swap, a Fund effectively adds
economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund is
subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If no event of default (or
similar event) occurs, the Fund would keep the premium received from the counterparty and would
have no payment obligations. For credit default swap agreements on asset-backed securities, an
event of default may be triggered by various events, which may include an issuers failure to pay
interest or principal, a breach of a material representation or covenant, an agreement by the
holders of an asset-backed security to a maturity extension, or a write-down on the collateral
underlying the security. For credit default swap agreements on corporate or sovereign issuers, an
event of default may be triggered by such events as the issuers bankruptcy, failure to pay
interest or principal, repudiation/moratorium or restructuring.
A Fund may use variance swap agreements, which involve an agreement by two parties to exchange cash
flows based on the measured variance (or square of volatility) of a specified
19
underlying asset. One party agrees to exchange a fixed rate or strike price payment for the
floating rate or realized price variance on the underlying asset with respect to the notional
amount. At inception, the strike price chosen is generally fixed at a level such that the fair
value of the swap is zero. As a result, no money changes hands at the initiation of the contract.
At the expiration date, the amount paid by one party to the other is the difference between the
realized price variance of the underlying asset and the strike price multiplied by the notional
amount. A receiver of the realized price variance would receive a payment when the realized price
variance of the underlying asset is greater than the strike price and would make a payment when
that variance is less than the strike price. A payer of the realized price variance would make a
payment when the realized price variance of the underlying asset is greater than the strike price
and would receive a payment when that variance is less than the strike price. This type of
agreement is essentially a forward contract on the future realized price variance of the underlying
asset.
Contracts for Differences.
Contracts for differences are swap arrangements in which the parties
agree that their return (or loss) will be based on the relative performance of two different groups
or baskets of securities. Often, one or both baskets will be an established securities index. The
Funds return will be based on changes in value of theoretical long futures positions in the
securities comprising one basket (with an aggregate face value equal to the notional amount of the
contract for differences) and theoretical short futures positions in the securities comprising the
other basket. A Fund also may use actual long and short futures positions and achieve similar
market exposure by netting the payment obligations of the two contracts. A Fund will only enter
into contracts for differences (and analogous futures positions) when the Manager believes that the
basket of securities constituting the long position will outperform the basket constituting the
short position. If the short basket outperforms the long basket, the Fund will realize a loss
even in circumstances when the securities in both the long and short baskets appreciate in value.
In addition, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund may use contracts for differences that are based on
the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of commodities. Often, one or both
baskets is a commodities index. Contracts for differences on commodities operate in a similar
manner to contracts for differences on securities described above.
Interest Rate Caps, Floors, and Collars.
The Funds may use interest rate caps, floors, and collars
for the same or similar purposes as they use interest rate futures contracts and related options
and, as a result, will be subject to similar risks. See Options and Futures Risk Factors in
Options Transactions and Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions above.
Like interest rate swap contracts, interest rate caps, floors, and collars are two-party agreements
in which the parties agree to pay or receive interest on a notional principal amount. The
purchaser of an interest rate cap receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the
return on a specified index exceeds a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate
floor receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index
falls below a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate collar receives interest
payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls outside the range
of two specified interest rates.
20
Swaptions
.
An option on a swap agreement, also called a swaption, is an OTC option that gives
the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a specified future date in
exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to
receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index (such as a call option on a
bond). A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset,
reference rate, or index (such as a put option on a bond). Swaptions also include options that
allow one of the counterparties to terminate or extend an existing swap.
Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts
.
A Fund may only close
out a swap, contract for differences, cap, floor, collar, or OTC option (including swaption) with
its particular counterparty, and may only transfer a position with the consent of that
counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, a Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can
be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the
Fund will be able to enforce its rights. For example, because the contract for each OTC
derivatives transaction is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, a Fund is subject
to the risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default)
differently than the Fund. The cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the
Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its claims against the
counterparty. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments the
Manager believes are owed to it under an OTC derivatives contract or that those payments may be
delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation.
The Manager evaluates the creditworthiness of the counterparties to these transactions or their
guarantors at the time a Fund enters into a transaction. The credit rating of a counterparty may
be adversely affected by larger-than-average volatility in the markets, even if the counterpartys
net market exposure is small relative to its capital.
Each Funds ability to enter into these transactions may be affected by tax considerations.
Additional Risk Factors in OTC Derivatives Transactions.
Among other trading agreements, certain
Funds are party to International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreements (ISDA
Agreements) with select counterparties that generally govern over-the-counter derivative
transactions entered into by such Funds. The ISDA Agreements typically include representations and
warranties as well as contractual terms related to collateral, events of default, termination
events, and other provisions. Termination events include the decline in the net assets of a Fund
below a certain level over a specified period of time and entitle a counterparty to elect to
terminate early with respect to some or all the transactions under the ISDA Agreement with that
counterparty. Such an election by one or more of the counterparties could have a material adverse
impact on a Funds operations.
Additional Regulatory Limitations on the Use of Futures and Related Options, Interest Rate Floors,
Caps and Collars, Certain Types of Swap Contracts and Related Instruments
.
Each Fund has claimed
an exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act and,
therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under that
Act.
21
With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, the Manager, who is registered with the CFTC as
a commodity pool operator and a commodity trading adviser, has advised the Fund and its
wholly-owned subsidiary that the Manager has claimed an exemption with respect to the subsidiary
from certain requirements of Part 4 of the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to offerings to
qualified eligible persons, as that term is defined in Rule 4.7 of that Act. Pursuant to the
exemption under Rule 4.7 in connection with accounts of qualified eligible persons, no brochure or
account document relating to the subsidiary is required to be, nor has been, filed with the CFTC.
The CFTC does not pass upon the merits of participating in a trading program or upon the adequacy
or accuracy of commodity trading adviser disclosure. Consequently, the CFTC has not reviewed or
approved the subsidiarys trading program or this or any other brochure or account document.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are
determined by the forces of supply and demand in the currency exchange markets, the relative merits
of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, and other
complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably as a result of
intervention (or the failure to intervene) by the U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or
by currency controls or political and economic developments in the U.S. or abroad. Currencies in
which a Funds assets are denominated may be devalued against other currencies, resulting in a loss
to the Fund.
Funds that are permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies may buy or sell
foreign currencies or deal in forward foreign currency contracts, currency futures contracts and
related options, and options on currencies. Those Funds may use such currency instruments for
hedging, investment, and/or currency risk management. Currency risk management may include taking
overweighted or underweighted currency positions relative to both the securities portfolio of a
Fund and the Funds performance benchmark. Those Funds also may purchase forward foreign exchange
contracts in conjunction with U.S. dollar-denominated securities in order to create a synthetic
foreign currency-denominated security that approximates desired risk and return characteristics
when the non-synthetic securities either are not available in foreign markets or possess
undesirable characteristics.
Forward foreign currency contracts are contracts between two parties to purchase and sell a
specified quantity of a particular currency at a specified price, with delivery and settlement to
take place on a specified future date. A forward foreign currency contract can reduce a Funds
exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will deliver and can increase its exposure to
changes in the value of the currency it will receive for the duration of the contract. The effect
on the value of a Fund is similar to the effect of selling securities denominated in one currency
and purchasing securities denominated in another currency. Contracts to sell a particular foreign
currency would limit any potential gain that might be realized by a Fund if the value of the hedged
currency increases.
A Fund also may purchase or sell currency futures contracts and related options. Currency futures
contracts are contracts to buy or sell a standard quantity of a particular currency at a specified
future date and price. However, currency futures can be and often are closed out prior
22
to delivery and settlement. In addition, a Fund may use options on currency futures contracts,
which give their holders the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option)
or sell (in the case of a put option) a specified currency futures contract at a fixed price during
a specified period. (See Options and FuturesFutures above for more information on futures
contracts and options on futures contracts).
A Fund also may purchase or sell options on currencies. These give their holders the right, but
not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a
specified quantity of a particular currency at a fixed price during a specified period. Options on
currencies possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate
in a similar manner. They may be traded on an exchange or in the OTC markets. Options on
currencies traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits, which may limit the
ability of a Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using options. (See Options and
FuturesCurrency Options above for more information on currency options).
Repurchase Agreements
A Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers. A repurchase agreement
is a contract under which the Fund acquires a security (usually an obligation of the government in
the jurisdiction where the transaction is initiated or in whose currency the agreement is
denominated) for a relatively short period (usually less than a week) for cash and subject to the
commitment of the seller to repurchase the security for an agreed-upon price on a specified date.
The repurchase price exceeds the acquisition price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate
unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Repurchase agreements afford a Fund the
opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash without market risk, although the Fund
does run the risk of a sellers defaulting on its obligation to pay the repurchase price when it is
required to do so. Such a default may subject the Fund to expenses, delays, and risks of loss
including: (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security while the Fund seeks to
enforce its rights, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this
period, and (iii) the inability to enforce its rights and the expenses involved in attempted
enforcement.
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Generally
Debt and other fixed income securities include fixed and floating rate securities of any maturity.
Fixed rate securities pay a specified rate of interest or dividends. Floating rate securities pay
a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to a specified index or market rate. Fixed and
floating rate securities include securities issued by federal, state, local, and foreign
governments and related agencies, and by a wide range of private issuers, and generally are
referred to in this Statement of Additional Information as fixed income securities. Indexed
bonds are a type of fixed income security whose principal value and/or interest rate is adjusted
periodically according to a specified instrument, index, or other statistic (e.g., another
security, inflation index, currency, or commodity). See Adjustable Rate Securities and Indexed
Securities below.
Holders of fixed income securities are exposed to both market and credit risk. Market risk (or
interest rate risk) relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest
rates.
23
In general, the values of fixed income securities increase when interest rates fall and decrease
when interest rates rise. Credit risk relates to the ability of an issuer to make payments of
principal and interest. Obligations of issuers are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other
laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. Fixed income securities denominated in
foreign currencies also are subject to the risk of a decline in the value of the denominating
currency.
Because interest rates vary, the future income of a Fund that invests in fixed income securities
cannot be predicted with certainty. The future income of a Fund that invests in indexed securities
also will be affected by changes in those securities indices over time (e.g., changes in inflation
rates, currency rates, or commodity prices).
Cash and Other High Quality Investments
Certain Funds may temporarily invest a portion of their assets in cash or cash items pending other
investments or to maintain liquid assets required in connection with some of the Funds
investments. These cash items and other high quality debt securities may include money market
instruments, such as securities issued by the United States Government and its agencies, bankers
acceptances, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit.
Special Purpose Holding Fund expects that any new Fund investments will be made primarily in cash,
cash items, and high quality debt securities, as described in Fund SummaryPrincipal investment
strategies in the Private Placement Memorandum.
U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities
U.S. government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its
authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities. Foreign government securities include securities
issued or guaranteed by foreign governments (including political subdivisions) or their
authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities or by supra-national agencies. Different kinds of U.S.
government securities and foreign government securities have different kinds of government support.
For example, some U.S. government securities (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) are supported by the full
faith and credit of the United States. Other U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed
by federal agencies or government-chartered or -sponsored enterprises but are neither guaranteed
nor insured by the U.S. government (e.g., debt securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home
Loan Banks (FHLBs)). Similarly, some foreign government securities are supported by the full
faith and credit of a foreign national government or political subdivision and some are not.
Foreign government securities of some countries may involve varying degrees of credit risk as a
result of financial or political instability in those countries or the possible inability of a Fund
to enforce its rights against the foreign government. As with issuers of other fixed income
securities, sovereign issuers may be unable or unwilling to make timely principal or interest
payments.
Supra-national agencies are agencies whose member nations make capital contributions to support the
agencies activities. Examples include the International Bank for Reconstruction and
24
Development (the World Bank), the Asian Development Bank, the European Coal and Steel Community,
and the Inter-American Development Bank.
As with other fixed income securities, U.S. government securities and foreign government securities
expose their holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates
fluctuate. For example, the value of U.S. government securities or foreign government securities
may fall during times of rising interest rates. Yields on U.S. government securities and foreign
government securities tend to be lower than those of corporate securities of comparable maturities.
Generally, when interest rates on short term U.S. Treasury obligations equal or approach zero, a
Fund that invests a substantial portion of its assets in U.S. Treasury obligations will have a
negative return unless the Manager waives or reduces its management fees.
In addition to investing directly in U.S. government securities and foreign government securities,
a Fund may purchase certificates of accrual or similar instruments evidencing undivided ownership
interests in interest payments and/or principal payments of U.S. government securities and foreign
government securities. A Fund may also invest in Separately Traded Registered Interest and
Principal Securities (STRIPS), which are interests in separately traded interest and principal
component parts of U.S. Treasury obligations that represent future interest payments, principal
payments, or both, are direct obligations of the U.S. government, and are transferable through the
federal reserve book-entry system. Certificates of accrual and similar instruments may be more
volatile than other government securities.
Municipal Securities
Municipal obligations are issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the
United States and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities and the District of
Columbia to obtain funds for various public purposes. Municipal obligations are subject to more
credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the
United States. As with other fixed income securities, municipal securities also expose their
holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates fluctuate. The two
principal classifications of municipal obligations are notes and bonds.
Municipal notes are generally used to provide for short-term capital needs, such as to finance
working capital needs of municipalities or to provide various interim or construction financing,
and generally have maturities of one year or less. They are generally payable from specific
revenues expected to be received at a future date or are issued in anticipation of long-term
financing to be obtained in the market to provide for the repayment of the note.
Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than
one year when issued, have two principal classifications: general obligation bonds and revenue
bonds. Issuers of general obligation bonds, the proceeds of which are used to fund a wide range of
public projects including the construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, water and
sewer systems and a variety of other public purposes, include states, counties, cities, towns and
regional districts. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuers pledge of
its full faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest.
25
Revenue bonds have been issued to fund a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas,
water and sewer systems; highways, bridges and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and
universities; and hospitals. The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net
revenues derived from a particular facility or group of facilities or, in some cases, from the
proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Although the principal security
behind these bonds varies widely, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service
reserve fund whose monies may also be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuers
obligations. In addition to a debt service reserve fund, some authorities provide further security
in the form of a states ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt reserve
fund.
Securities purchased for a Fund may include variable/floating rate instruments, variable mode
instruments, put bonds, and other obligations that have a specified maturity date but also are
payable before maturity after notice by the holder. There are, in addition, a variety of hybrid
and special types of municipal obligations as well as numerous differences in the security of
municipal obligations both within and between the two principal classifications (i.e., notes and
bonds).
See Taxes below for a discussion of the tax treatment of municipal obligations at the Fund and
shareholder levels.
Real Estate Investment Trusts and other Real Estate-Related Investments
Certain Funds may invest in pooled real estate investment vehicles (so-called real estate
investment trusts or REITs) and other real estate-related investments such as securities of
companies principally engaged in the real estate industry. In addition to REITs, companies in the
real estate industry and real estate-related investments may include, for example, entities that
either own properties or make construction or mortgage loans, real estate developers, and companies
with substantial real estate holdings. Each of these types of investments is subject to risks
similar to those associated with direct ownership of real estate. Factors affecting real estate
values include the supply of real property in certain markets, changes in zoning laws, delays in
completion of construction, environmental liability risks, changes in real estate values, changes
in property taxes and operating expenses, levels of occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating
expenses, and local and regional market conditions. The value of real estate also may be affected
by changes in interest rates and social and economic trends.
REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest in real estate or real estate-related companies.
The Funds may invest in different types of REITs, including equity REITs, which own real estate
directly; mortgage REITs, which make construction, development, or long-term mortgage loans; and
hybrid REITs, which share characteristics of equity REITs and mortgage REITs. In general, the
value of a REITs shares changes in light of factors affecting the real estate industry. REITs are
also subject to the risk of poor performance by the REITs manager, defaults by borrowers,
self-liquidation, adverse changes in the tax laws, and, with regard to U.S. REITs (as defined in
Taxes below), the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) and/or to maintain exempt status under the
1940 Act. See Taxes below for a discussion of special tax considerations relating to Alternative
Asset Opportunity Funds and Special Situation Funds investments in U.S. REITs.
26
Asset-Backed and Related Securities
An asset-backed security is a fixed income security that predominantly derives its creditworthiness
from cash flows relating to a pool of assets. There are a number of different types of
asset-backed and related securities, including mortgage-backed securities, securities backed by
other pools of collateral (such as automobile loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and
credit- card receivables), collateralized mortgage obligations, and collateralized debt
obligations, each of which is described in more detail below.
Mortgage-Backed Securities.
Mortgage-backed securities are asset-backed securities backed by pools
of residential and commercial mortgages, which may include sub-prime mortgages. Mortgage-backed
securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those
whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government, such as Freddie Mac,
Fannie Mae, and FHLBs), foreign governments (or their agencies or instrumentalities), or
non-governmental issuers. Interest and principal payments (including prepayments) on the mortgage
loans underlying mortgage-backed securities pass through to the holders of the mortgage-backed
securities. Prepayments occur when the mortgagor on an individual mortgage loan prepays the
remaining principal before the loans scheduled maturity date. Unscheduled prepayments of the
underlying mortgage loans may result in early payment of the applicable mortgage-backed securities
held by a Fund. The Fund may be unable to invest prepayments in an investment that provides as
high a yield as the mortgage-backed securities. Consequently, early payment associated with
mortgage-backed securities may cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and
yield volatility than traditional fixed income securities. Many factors affect the rate of
mortgage loan prepayments, including changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, the
location of the property underlying the mortgage, the age of the mortgage loan, and social and
demographic conditions.
Mortgage-backed securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, depending on whether they
are issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those whose
securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government) or by non-governmental
issuers. Securities issued by private organizations may not be readily marketable, and since the
deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008,
mortgage-backed securities have been subject to greater liquidity risk. In addition,
mortgage-backed securities are subject to the risk of loss of principal if the obligors of the
underlying obligations default in their payment obligations, and to certain other risks described
in Other Asset-Backed Securities below. The risk of defaults associated with mortgage-backed
securities is generally higher in the case of mortgage-backed investments that include sub-prime
mortgages.
Mortgage-backed securities may include Adjustable Rate Securities as such term is defined in
Adjustable Rate Securities below.
Other Asset-Backed Securities.
Similar to mortgage-backed securities, other types of asset-backed
securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those
whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government), foreign governments
(or their agencies or instrumentalities), or non-governmental issuers. These
27
securities include securities backed by pools of automobile loans, educational loans, home equity
loans, and credit-card receivables. The underlying pools of assets are securitized through the use
of trusts and special purpose entities. These securities may be subject to risks associated with
changes in interest rates and prepayment of underlying obligations similar to the risks of
investment in mortgage-backed securities described immediately above. Additionally, since the
deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008,
asset-backed securities have been subject to greater liquidity risk.
Payment of interest on asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depends on the
cash flows generated by the underlying assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, may be
supported by letters of credit, surety bonds, or other credit enhancements. The amount of market
risk associated with asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including the deal structure
(i.e., determinations as to the amount of underlying assets or other support needed to produce the
cash flows necessary to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of the
underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit
quality of the credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of
principal if obligors of the underlying obligations default in payment of the obligations and the
defaulted obligations exceed the securities credit support.
The value of an asset-backed security may be affected by the factors described above and other
factors, such as the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the
creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the underlying assets, or
the entities providing the credit enhancement. The value of asset-backed securities also can
depend on the ability of their servicers to service the underlying collateral and is, therefore,
subject to risks associated with servicers performance. In some circumstances, a servicers or
originators mishandling of documentation related to the underlying collateral (e.g., failure to
properly document a security interest in the underlying collateral) may affect the rights of the
security holders in and to the underlying collateral. In addition, the insolvency of entities that
generate receivables or that utilize the underlying assets may result in a decline in the value of
the underlying assets as well as costs and delays.
Certain types of asset-backed securities present additional risks that are not presented by
mortgage-backed securities. In particular, certain types of asset-backed securities may not have
the benefit of a security interest in the related assets. For example, many securities backed by
credit-card receivables are unsecured. In addition, a Fund may invest in securities backed by
unsecured commercial or industrial loans or unsecured corporate or sovereign debt (see
Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) below). Even when security interests are present, the
ability of an issuer of certain types of asset-backed securities to enforce those interests may be
more limited than that of an issuer of mortgage-backed securities. For instance, automobile
receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than by real property. Most issuers
of automobile receivables permit loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying assets. In
addition, because of the large number of underlying vehicles involved in a typical issue of
asset-backed securities and technical requirements under state law, the trustee for the holders of
the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in all of the automobiles.
Therefore, recoveries on repossessed automobiles may not be available to support payments on these
securities.
28
In addition, certain types of asset-backed securities may experience losses on the underlying
assets as a result of certain rights provided to consumer debtors under federal and state law. In
the case of certain consumer debt, such as credit-card debt, debtors are entitled to the protection
of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to
set off certain amounts owed on their credit-cards (or other debt), thereby reducing their balances
due. For instance, a debtor may be able to offset certain damages for which a court has determined
that the creditor is liable to the debtor against amounts owed to the creditor by the debtor on his
or her credit-card.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs); Strips and Residuals.
A CMO is a debt obligation
backed by a portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-backed securities held under an indenture. The
issuer of a CMO generally pays interest and prepaid principal on a monthly basis. These payments
are secured by the underlying portfolio, which typically includes mortgage pass-through securities
guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie
Mae) and their income streams, and which also may include whole mortgage loans and private
mortgage bonds.
CMOs are issued in multiple classes, often referred to as tranches. Each class has a different
maturity and is entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including
pre-payments.
In a typical CMO transaction, the issuer of the CMO bonds uses proceeds from the CMO offering to
buy mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (the Collateral). The issuer then pledges
the Collateral to a third party trustee as security for the CMOs. The issuer uses principal and
interest payments from the Collateral to pay principal on the CMOs, paying the tranche with the
earliest maturity first. Thus, the issuer pays no principal on a tranche until all other tranches
with earlier maturities are paid in full. The early retirement of a particular class or series has
the same effect as the prepayment of mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-backed pass-through
security.
CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or
other asset-backed securities.
The Funds also may invest in CMO residuals, which are issued by agencies or instrumentalities of
the U.S. government or by private lenders of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings
and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, and investment banks. A CMO
residual represents excess cash flow generated by the Collateral after the issuer of the CMO makes
all required principal and interest payments and after the issuers management fees and
administrative expenses have been paid. Thus, CMO residuals have value only to the extent income
from the Collateral exceeds the amount necessary to satisfy the issuers debt obligations on all
other outstanding CMOs. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on,
among other things, the characterization of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of
CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses, and the pre-payment
experience on the mortgage assets.
29
CMOs also include certificates representing undivided interests in payments of interest-only or
principal-only (IO/PO Strips) on the underlying mortgages.
IO/PO Strips and CMO residuals tend to be more volatile than other types of securities. If the
underlying securities are prepaid, holders of IO/PO Strips and CMO residuals may lose a substantial
portion or the entire value of their investment. In addition, if a CMO pays interest at an
adjustable rate, the cash flows on the related CMO residual will be extremely sensitive to rate
adjustments.
Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs).
A Fund may invest in CDOs, which include collateralized
bond obligations (CBOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), and other similarly structured
securities. CBOs and CLOs are asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust or other special purpose
vehicle backed by a pool of fixed income securities. A CLO is an obligation of a trust typically
collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include domestic and foreign senior secured and
unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below
investment-grade, or equivalent unrated loans.
For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called
tranches, which vary in risk and yield. The riskier portions are the residual, equity, and
subordinate tranches, which bear some or all of the risk of default by the bonds or loans in the
trust, and therefore protects the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most
severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche of a CBO
trust or CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities,
and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection provided by the riskier tranches, senior
CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity
to defaults due to collateral default, the total loss of the riskier tranches due to losses in the
collateral, market anticipation of defaults, fraud by the trust, and the illiquidity of CBO or CLO
securities.
The risks of an investment in a CDO largely depend on the type of underlying collateral securities
and the tranche in which a Fund invests. Typically, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately
offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, a Fund may
characterize its investments in CDOs as illiquid, unless an active dealer market for a particular
CDO allows the CDO to be purchased and sold in Rule 144A transactions. CDOs are subject to the
typical risks associated with debt instruments discussed elsewhere in this Statement of Additional
Information and the relevant Private Placement Memoranda (e.g., interest rate risk and default
risk). Additional risks of CDOs include: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral
securities will be insufficient to make interest or other payments, (ii) a decline in the quality
of the collateral, and (iii) the possibility that a Fund may invest in a subordinate tranche of a
CDO. In addition, due to the complex nature of a CDO, an investment in a CDO may not perform as
expected. An investment in a CDO also is subject to the risk that the issuer and the investors may
interpret the terms of the instrument differently, giving rise to disputes.
30
Adjustable Rate Securities
Adjustable rate securities are securities with interest rates that reset at periodic intervals,
usually by reference to an interest rate index or market interest rate. Adjustable rate securities
include U.S. government securities and securities of other issuers. Some adjustable rate
securities are backed by pools of mortgage loans. Although the rate adjustment feature may act as
a buffer to reduce sharp changes in the value of adjustable rate securities, changes in market
interest rates or changes in the issuers creditworthiness may still affect their value. Because
the interest rate is reset only periodically, changes in the interest rates on adjustable rate
securities may lag changes in prevailing market interest rates. Also, some adjustable rate
securities (or, in the case of securities backed by mortgage loans, the underlying mortgages) are
subject to caps or floors that limit the maximum change in interest rate during a specified period
or over the life of the security. Because of the rate adjustments, adjustable rate securities are
less likely than non-adjustable rate securities of comparable quality and maturity to increase
significantly in value when market interest rates fall.
Below Investment Grade Securities
Some Funds may invest some or all of their assets in securities rated below investment grade (that
is, rated below Baa3 by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or below BBB- by Standard &
Poors (S&P), or securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are determined by the Manager to be of
comparable quality to securities so rated) at the time of purchase, including securities in the
lowest rating categories and comparable unrated securities (Below Investment Grade Securities)
(commonly referred to as junk bonds). In addition, some Funds may hold securities that are
downgraded to below-investment-grade status after the time of purchase by the Funds. Compared to
higher quality fixed income securities, Below Investment Grade Securities offer the potential for
higher investment returns but subject holders to greater credit and market risk. The ability of an
issuer of Below Investment Grade Securities to meet principal and interest payments is considered
speculative. A Funds investments in Below Investment Grade Securities are more dependent on the
Managers own credit analysis than its investments in higher quality bonds. The market for Below
Investment Grade Securities may be more severely affected than other financial markets by economic
recession or substantial interest rate increases, changing public perceptions, or legislation that
limits the ability of certain categories of financial institutions to invest in Below Investment
Grade Securities. In addition, the market may be less liquid for Below Investment Grade Securities
than for other types of securities. Reduced liquidity can affect the values of Below Investment
Grade Securities, make their valuation and sale more difficult, and result in greater volatility.
Because Below Investment Grade Securities are difficult to value, particularly during erratic
markets, the values realized on their sale may differ from the values at which they are carried by
a Fund. Some Below Investment Grade Securities in which a Fund invests may be in poor standing or
in default.
Securities in the lowest investment-grade category (BBB or Baa) also have some speculative
characteristics. See Appendix BCommercial Paper and Corporate Debt Ratings for more
information concerning commercial paper and corporate debt ratings.
31
Brady Bonds
Brady Bonds are securities created through the restructuring of commercial bank loans to public and
private entities under a debt restructuring plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the
Treasury Nicholas F. Brady (the Brady Plan). Brady Plan debt restructurings have been
implemented in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Argentina, Nigeria, the Philippines, and
other emerging countries.
Brady Bonds may be collateralized, are issued in various currencies (but primarily the U.S.
dollar), and are actively traded in OTC secondary markets. U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized
Brady Bonds, which may be fixed-rate bonds or floating-rate bonds, are generally collateralized in
full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the bonds.
The valuation of a Brady Bond typically depends on an evaluation of: (i) any collateralized
repayments of principal at final maturity; (ii) any collateralized interest payments; (iii) the
uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayments of principal at
maturity (the uncollateralized amounts constitute the residual risk). In light of the residual
risk of Brady Bonds and the history of prior defaults by the issuers of Brady Bonds, investments in
Brady Bonds may be viewed as speculative.
Euro Bonds
Euro bonds are securities denominated in U.S. dollars or another currency and sold to investors
outside of the country whose currency is used. Euro bonds may be issued by government or corporate
issuers, and are typically underwritten by banks and brokerage firms in numerous countries. While
Euro bonds often pay principal and interest in Eurodollars (i.e., U.S. dollars held in banks
outside of the United States), some Euro bonds may pay principal and interest in other currencies.
Euro bonds are subject to the same risks as other fixed income securities. See Debt and Other
Fixed Income Securities Generally above.
Zero Coupon Securities
A Fund investing in zero coupon fixed income securities accrues interest income at a fixed rate
based on initial purchase price and length to maturity, but the securities do not pay interest in
cash on a current basis. In the case of a Fund treated as a regulated investment company under
Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund is required to distribute the accrued income to its
shareholders, even though the Fund is not receiving the income in cash on a current basis. Thus,
any such Fund may have to sell other investments to obtain cash to make income distributions
(including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so). In the case of a Fund treated as a
partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders will be required to recognize
taxable income in respect of their proportionate share of accrued income on these securities in a
taxable year without regard to whether that income may be in excess of the cash generated by the
Funds investments in those securities during that year or to whether the Fund makes cash
distributions to its shareholders in that year. The market value of zero coupon securities is
often more volatile than that of non-zero coupon fixed income securities of comparable quality and
maturity. Zero coupon securities include IO/PO Strips and STRIPS.
32
Indexed Securities
Indexed securities are securities the redemption values and/or coupons of which are indexed to a
specific instrument, group of instruments, index, or other statistic. Indexed securities
typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate
is determined by reference to other securities, securities or inflation indices, currencies,
precious metals or other commodities, or other financial indicators. For example, the maturity
value of gold-indexed securities depends on the price of gold and, therefore, their price tends to
rise and fall with gold prices.
The performance of indexed securities depends on the performance of the security, security index,
inflation index, currency, or other instrument to which they are indexed. Interest rate changes in
the U.S. and abroad also may influence performance. Indexed securities also are subject to the
credit risks of the issuer, and their values are adversely affected by declines in the issuers
creditworthiness.
A Fund investing in certain indexed securities, including inflation indexed bonds, may be required
to accrue income in excess of the cash interest the securities currently pay to the Fund (e.g., due
to increases in the principal amount of a bond). In the case of a Fund treated as a regulated
investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund is required to distribute any such
accrued income to its shareholders, even though the Fund is not receiving the income in cash on a
current basis. Thus, any such Fund may have to sell other investments to obtain cash to make
income distributions (including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so). In the case of
a Fund treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders will be required
to recognize taxable income in respect of their proportionate share of any such accrued income on
these securities in a taxable year without regard to whether that income may be in excess of the
cash generated by the Funds investments in those securities during that year or to whether the
Fund makes cash distributions to its shareholders in that year. See Distributions and Taxes in
the Private Placement Memoranda and Distributions and Taxes in this Statement of Additional
Information for more information concerning the special tax issues related to these securities.
Currency-Indexed Securities.
Currency-indexed securities have maturity values or interest rates
determined by reference to the values of one or more foreign currencies. Currency-indexed
securities also may have maturity values or interest rates that depend on the values of a number of
different foreign currencies relative to each other.
Inverse Floating Obligations.
Indexed securities in which a Fund may invest include so-called
inverse floating obligations or residual interest bonds on which the interest rates typically
decline as the index or reference rates, typically short-term interest rates, increase and increase
as index or reference rates decline. An inverse floating obligation may have the effect of
investment leverage to the extent that its interest rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the
magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest. Generally, leverage will
result in greater price volatility.
33
Inflation-Indexed Bonds.
Some Funds may invest in inflation-indexed bonds. Inflation-indexed
bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is adjusted periodically according to the
rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a
structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out
the Consumer Price Index (CPI) accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.
Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury (or TIPS) have maturities of
approximately five, ten or twenty years (thirty year TIPS are no longer offered), although it is
possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. U.S. Treasury
securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the
inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if a Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond
with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and
the rate of inflation over the first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be
$1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If
inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole years inflation equaling 3%,
the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment
would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).
If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed
bonds will be adjusted downward and, consequently, the interest payable on these securities
(calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original
bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of a TIPS, even
during a period of deflation, although the inflation-adjusted principal received could be less than
the inflation-adjusted principal that had accrued to the bond at the time of purchase. However,
the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. A Fund also may invest
in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee
of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be
less than the original principal.
The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest
rates. Real interest rates, in turn, are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates
(i.e., stated interest rates) and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises
at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates (i.e. nominal interest rate minus
inflation) might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast,
if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise,
leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds. There can be no assurance, however,
that the value of inflation-indexed bonds will be directly correlated to changes in nominal
interest rates, and short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in their value.
Although inflation-indexed bonds protect their holders from long-term inflationary trends,
short-term increases in inflation may result in a decline in value. In addition, inflation-indexed
bonds do not protect holders from increases in interest rates due to reasons other than inflation
(such as changes in currency exchange rates).
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor
34
Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components
such as housing, food, transportation, and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign
government are generally adjusted to reflect changes in a comparable inflation index calculated by
the foreign government. No assurance can be given that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index
will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. In
addition, no assurance can be given that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will correlate
to the rate of inflation in the United States.
Coupon payments received by a Fund from inflation-indexed bonds are included in the Funds gross
income for the period in which they accrue. In addition, any increase in the principal amount of
an inflation indexed bond constitutes taxable ordinary income to investors in the Fund, even though
principal is not paid until maturity.
Structured Notes
Similar to indexed securities, structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate
or principal of which is determined by reference to changes in the value of a specific asset,
reference rate, or index (the reference) or the relative change in two or more references. The
interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may increase or decrease,
depending upon changes in the reference. The terms of a structured note may provide that, in
certain circumstances, no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, may result in a loss of
invested capital. Structured notes may be indexed positively or negatively, so that appreciation
of the reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the principal
at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rate or the value of the principal at maturity
may be fixed at a specified multiple of the change in the value of the reference, making the value
of the note particularly volatile.
Structured notes may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities
because the investor bears the risk of the reference. Structured notes also may be more volatile,
less liquid, and more difficult to price accurately than less complex securities or more
traditional debt securities.
Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities
Some Funds may enter into firm commitments and similar agreements with banks or broker-dealers for
the purchase or sale of securities at an agreed-upon price on a specified future date. For
example, a Fund that invests in fixed-income securities may enter into a firm commitment agreement
if the Manager anticipates a decline in interest rates and believes it is able to obtain a more
advantageous future yield by committing currently to purchase securities to be issued later. When
a Fund purchases securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, it is required to maintain
cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid securities in an amount equal to or greater than,
on a daily basis, the amount of the Funds when-issued or delayed-delivery commitments. A Fund
generally does not earn income on the securities it has committed to purchase until after delivery.
A Fund may take delivery of the securities or, if deemed advisable as a matter of investment
strategy, may sell the securities before the settlement date. When payment is due on when-issued
or delayed-delivery securities, the Fund makes payment from then-available cash flow or the sale of
securities, or from the sale of the when-issued or delayed-
35
delivery securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than what the Fund paid for
them).
Loans, Loan Participations, and Assignments
Special Situations Fund may invest in direct debt instruments, which are interests in amounts owed
by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to lenders or lending syndicates (loans, promissory
notes, and loan participations), to suppliers of goods or services (trade claims or other
receivables), or to other parties. Investments in direct debt instruments are subject to the
Funds policies regarding the quality of debt investments generally.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness, including promissory notes, depend
primarily on the borrower for payment of principal and interest, and adverse changes in the
creditworthiness of the borrower may affect its ability to pay principal and interest. Direct debt
instruments may not be rated by a nationally recognized rating agency. In the event of non-payment
of interest or principal, loans that are secured offer Special Situations Fund more protection than
comparable unsecured loans. However, no assurance can be given that the collateral for a secured
loan can be liquidated or that the proceeds will satisfy the borrowers obligation. Investment in
the indebtedness of borrowers with low creditworthiness involves substantially greater risks, and
may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off
their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Investments in sovereign
debt similarly involve the risk that the governmental entities responsible for repayment of the
debt may be unable or unwilling to pay interest and repay principal when due.
When investing in a loan participation, Special Situations Fund typically purchases a portion of a
lenders or participants interest in a loan but has no direct contractual relationship with the
borrower. The Fund must rely on the seller of the participation interest not only for the
enforcement of the Funds rights against the borrower but also for the receipt and processing of
principal, interest, or other payments due under the loan. This may subject the Fund to greater
delays, expenses, and risks than if the Fund could enforce its rights directly against the
borrower. In addition, under the terms of a participation agreement, the Fund may be treated as a
creditor of the seller of the participation interest (rather than of the borrower), thus exposing
the Fund to the credit risk of the seller in addition to the credit risk of the borrower. A
participation agreement also may limit the rights of the Fund to vote on changes that may be made
to the underlying loan agreement, such as waiving a breach of a covenant.
Investments in loans through direct assignment of a lenders interests may involve additional risks
to Special Situations Fund. For example, if a secured loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become
part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and
disposing of the collateral. In addition, under legal theories of lender liability, the Fund
potentially might be held liable as a co-lender.
A loan is often administered by a bank or other financial institution that acts as agent for all
holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. Unless,
under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness Special Situations Fund has direct recourse
against the borrower, it may have to rely on the agent to enforce its rights against the borrower.
36
Direct indebtedness purchased by Special Situations Fund may include letters of credit, revolving
credit facilities, or other standby financing commitments obligating the Fund to pay additional
cash on demand. These commitments may have the effect of requiring the Fund to increase its
investment in a borrower at a time when it would not otherwise have done so. The Fund is required
to maintain liquid assets to cover the Funds potential obligations under standby financing
commitments.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
Some Funds may enter into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements with banks and
brokers to enhance return. Reverse repurchase agreements involve sales by a Fund of portfolio
securities concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the same securities at a later
date at a fixed price. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to
receive principal and interest payments on the securities and also has the opportunity to earn a
return on the collateral furnished by the counterparty to secure its obligation to redeliver the
securities.
Dollar rolls are transactions in which a Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month
and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities
on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund foregoes principal and interest paid
on the securities. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and
the forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the drop) as well as by the
interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
A Fund that enters into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements maintains cash,
U.S. government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to its obligations under those
agreements. If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll agreement files for
bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Funds use of proceeds from the sale of its securities may be
restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines whether to honor the Funds
right to repurchase the securities. Furthermore, in that situation a Fund may be unable to recover
the securities it sold in connection with a reverse repurchase agreement and as a result would
realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it
received for them. This loss would be greater to the extent the buyer paid less than the value of
the securities the Fund sold to it (e.g., a buyer may only be willing to pay $95 for a bond with a
market value of $100). Reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls are not considered
borrowings by a Fund for purposes of a Funds fundamental investment restriction on borrowings.
Commodity-Related Investments
As noted in the Principal investment strategies section of Alternative Asset Opportunity Funds
Private Placement Memorandum, the Fund seeks indirect exposure to investment returns of
commodities, including a range of assets with tangible properties, such as oil, natural gas,
agricultural products (e.g., wheat, corn, and livestock), precious metals (e.g., gold and silver),
industrial metals (e.g., copper), and softs (e.g., cocoa, coffee, and sugar). Alternative Asset
Opportunity Fund obtains such exposure by investing in shares of a wholly-owned subsidiary
37
company, which, in turn, primarily invests in commodity-related derivatives (as defined below).
GMO serves as the investment manager to the subsidiary but does not receive any additional
management or other fees for such services.
Commodity prices can be extremely volatile and may be directly or indirectly affected by many
factors, including changes in overall market movements, real or perceived inflationary trends,
commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates, population growth
and changing demographics, and factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as
drought, floods, or other weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from
substitute products, transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand,
tariffs, and international regulatory, political, and economic developments (e.g., regime changes
and changes in economic activity levels). In addition, some commodities are subject to limited
pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors, and others are subject to broad price
fluctuations as a result of the volatility of prices for certain raw materials and the instability
of supplies of other materials.
Actions of and changes in governments, and political and economic instability, in
commodity-producing and -exporting countries may affect the production and marketing of
commodities. In addition, commodity-related industries throughout the world are subject to greater
political, environmental, and other governmental regulation than many other industries. Changes in
government policies and the need for regulatory approvals may adversely affect the products and
services of companies in the commodities industries. For example, the exploration, development,
and distribution of coal, oil, and gas in the United States are subject to significant federal and
state regulation, which may affect rates of return on coal, oil, and gas and the kinds of services
that the federal and state governments may offer to companies in those industries. In addition,
compliance with environmental and other safety regulations has caused many companies in
commodity-related industries to incur production delays and significant costs. Government
regulation may also impede the development of new technologies. The effect of future regulations
affecting commodity-related industries cannot be predicted.
As noted below, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund achieves indirect exposure to commodities
through its wholly-owned subsidiary, which, in turn, invests in derivatives whose values are based
on the value of a commodity, commodity index, or other readily-measurable economic variables
dependent upon changes in the value of commodities or the commodities markets (commodity-related
derivatives). The value of commodity-related derivatives fluctuates based on changes in the
values of the underlying commodity, commodity index, futures contract, or other economic variable
to which they are related. Additionally, economic leverage will increase the volatility of these
instruments as they may increase or decrease in value more quickly than the underlying commodity or
other relevant economic variable. See Options and Futures, Structured Notes, Swap Contracts
and Other Two-Party Contracts, and Uses of Derivatives herein for more information on the Funds
investments in commodity-related derivatives, including commodity swap agreements, commodity
futures contracts, and options on commodity futures contracts.
38
Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited
Opportunities
Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. For this purpose,
illiquid securities are securities that the Fund may not sell or dispose of within seven days in
the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the
securities.
A repurchase agreement maturing in more than seven days is considered illiquid, unless it can be
terminated after a notice period of seven days or less.
The Manager also may deem certain securities to be illiquid as a result of the Managers receipt
from time to time of material, non-public information about an issuer, which may limit the
Managers ability to trade such securities for the account of any of its clients, including the
Funds. In some instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial
period of time.
Private Placements and Restricted Investments.
Illiquid securities include securities of private
issuers, securities traded in unregulated or shallow markets, and securities that are purchased in
private placements and are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Because
relatively few purchasers of these securities may exist, especially in the event of adverse
economic and liquidity conditions or adverse changes in the issuers financial condition, may not
be able to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in such investments at a desirable price.
Disposing of illiquid securities may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and
selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible.
While private placements may offer attractive opportunities not otherwise available in the open
market, the securities purchased are usually restricted securities or are not readily
marketable. Restricted securities cannot be sold without being registered under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), unless they are sold pursuant to an exemption from
registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A). Securities that are not readily marketable are subject
to other legal or contractual restrictions on resale. A Fund may have to bear the expense of
registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting
registration. A Fund selling its securities in a registered offering may be deemed to be an
underwriter for purposes of Section 11 of the 1933 Act. In such event, the Fund may be liable to
purchasers of the securities under Section 11 if the registration statement prepared by the issuer,
or the prospectus forming a part of it, is materially inaccurate or misleading, although the Fund
may have a due diligence defense.
At times, the inability to sell illiquid securities can make it more difficult to determine their
fair value for purposes of computing a Funds net asset value. The judgment of the Manager
normally plays a greater role in valuing these securities than in valuing publicly traded
securities.
IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities
.
Certain Funds may purchase securities of companies that are
offered pursuant to an initial public offering (IPO) or other similar limited opportunities.
Although companies can be any age or size at the time of their IPO, they are often smaller and have
a limited operating history, which involves a greater potential for the value of
39
their securities to be impaired following the IPO. The price of a companys securities may be
highly unstable at the time of its IPO and for a period thereafter due to factors such as market
psychology prevailing at the time of the IPO, the absence of a prior public market, the small
number of shares available, and limited availability of investor information. Securities purchased
in IPOs have a tendency to fluctuate in value significantly shortly after the IPO relative to the
price at which they were purchased. These fluctuations could impact the net asset value and return
earned on a Funds shares. Investors in IPOs can be adversely affected by substantial dilution in
the value of their shares, by sales of additional shares, and by concentration of control in
existing management and principal shareholders. In addition, all of the factors that affect the
performance of an economy or equity markets may have a greater impact on the shares of IPO
companies. IPO securities tend to involve greater risk due, in part, to public perception and the
lack of publicly available information and trading history.
Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments
Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, a Fund may invest in shares of both open- and
closed-end investment companies (including exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and money market funds,
particularly with respect to Special Purpose Holding Fund). Investing in another investment
company exposes a Fund to all the risks of that investment company and, in general, subjects it to
a pro rata portion of the other investment companys fees and expenses. Many of the Funds also may
invest in private investment funds, vehicles, or structures.
ETFs are hybrid investment companies that are registered as open-end investment companies or unit
investment trusts (UITs) but possess some of the characteristics of closed-end funds. ETFs
typically hold a portfolio of common stocks that is intended to track the price and dividend
performance of a particular index. Common examples of ETFs include S&P Depositary Receipts
(SPDRs) and iShares, which may be purchased from the UIT or investment company issuing the
securities or in the secondary market (SPDRs are listed on the American Stock Exchange and iShares
are listed on the New York Stock Exchange). The market price for ETF shares may be higher or lower
than the ETFs net asset value. The sale and redemption prices of ETF shares purchased from the
issuer are based on the issuers net asset value.
Because ETFs are investment companies, investments in ETFs would, absent exemptive relief, be
limited under applicable statutory limitations. Those limitations restrict a Funds investment in
the shares of an ETF or other investment company to up to 5% of the Funds assets (which may
represent no more than 3% of the securities of such ETF or other investment company) and limit
aggregate investments in all ETFs and other investment companies to 10% of the Funds assets.
Certain Funds may invest in one or more ETFs beyond the statutory limitations if the Fund enters
into an agreement with the ETF and complies with the terms and conditions of the agreement and the
conditions of the ETFs exemptive order.
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund also may invest without limitation in GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Fund. These investments are not made in reliance on the fund of funds exemption
provided in Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, but instead are made in reliance on a Securities
and Exchange Commission (SEC) exemptive order obtained by the Manager and the Trust permitting
Funds of the Trust to operate as funds of funds. To the extent Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
invests in GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund, shareholders of Alternative
40
Asset Opportunity Fund will not bear directly any of the operating fees and expenses of GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, but indirectly will bear a proportionate share of this Funds
operating fees and expenses.
Short Sales
Some Funds may seek to hedge investments or realize additional gains through short sales. A Fund
may make short sales against the box, meaning the Fund may make short sales where the Fund owns,
or has the right to acquire at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. If a Fund
makes a short sale against the box, the Fund will not immediately deliver the securities sold and
will not immediately receive the proceeds from the sale. However, the Fund is required to hold
securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short (or securities convertible or
exchangeable into such securities) while the short sale is outstanding. Once the Fund closes out
its short position by delivering the securities sold short, it will receive the proceeds of the
sale. A Fund will incur transaction costs, including interest, in connection with opening,
maintaining, and closing short sales against the box.
In addition, Special Situations Fund is permitted to make short sales of securities it does not own
(i.e., short sales that are not against the box), in anticipation of a decline in the market value
of that security. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make
delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing
it at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than
the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is
required to repay the lender any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan.
To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the
cost of the security sold. The net proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to
the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. The Fund
also will incur transaction costs in effecting short sales that are not against the box.
Special Situations Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short sale if the price of the security
increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed
security. The Fund will realize a gain if the price of the security declines between those dates.
The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of
the premium, dividends or interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale.
Short sales that are not against the box involve a form of investment leverage, and the amount of
the Funds loss on such a short sale is theoretically unlimited. Under adverse market conditions,
the Fund may have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and
may have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale
obligations at a time when it would be unfavorable to do so. In addition, the Fund may have
difficulty purchasing securities to meet its delivery obligations in the case of less liquid
securities sold short by the Fund such as certain emerging market securities or securities of
companies with smaller market capitalizations.
Investments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund invests in GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity SPC Ltd., a
wholly-owned subsidiary company. As described in Alternative Asset Opportunity Funds
41
Private Placement Memorandum, the company invests primarily in swap contracts on commodities
indices, commodities futures contracts, and other commodity-related derivatives, and in high
quality fixed income securities. The Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund is indirectly exposed to
the risks of its subsidiarys investments. See Options and Futures above and Uses of
Derivatives below.
Special Situations Fund may invest in one or more wholly-owned, foreign subsidiary companies, and,
if so, will be indirectly exposed to the risks of any such subsidiarys investments.
GMO serves as the investment manager to Alternative Asset Opportunity Funds and Special Situations
Funds subsidiaries, but does not receive any additional management or other fees in respect of
such services. In addition, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston,
Massachusetts 02111, serves as each subsidiarys custodian, transfer agent, and fund accounting
agent. Pursuant to each subsidiarys organizational documents, in certain circumstances, the
subsidiary has an obligation to indemnify its officers, directors, and certain other parties.
USES OF DERIVATIVES
Introduction and Overview
This overview outlines various ways in which Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Debt Opportunities
Fund, High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, Special Situations Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay
Fund may use different types of exchange-traded and OTC derivatives in implementing their
investment programs. It is intended to supplement the information included in the Private
Placement Memoranda and the information provided in the Fund Investments and Descriptions and
Risks of Fund Investments sections of this Statement of Additional Information. As indicated in
its Private Placement Memorandum and in this Statement of Additional Information, Alternative Asset
Opportunity Fund and Special Situations Fund may use the derivatives and engage in the derivatives
strategies described below directly and/or indirectly through their investments in wholly-owned
subsidiary companies or, in the case of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, in GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Fund. In particular, as described above, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund seeks
exposure to commodities-related derivatives indirectly through investments in its wholly-owned
subsidiary. This overview, however, is not intended to be exhaustive and a Fund may use types of
derivatives and/or employ derivatives strategies not otherwise described in this Statement of
Additional Information or the Private Placement Memoranda.
In addition, a Fund may decide not to employ any of the strategies described below, and no
assurance can be given that any strategy used will succeed. Also, suitable derivatives
transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that a Fund
will be able to identify or employ a desirable derivatives transaction at any time or from time to
time, or that any such transactions will be successful.
Note
: Unless otherwise noted below in this section, the uses of derivatives discussed
herein with respect to a particular Fund only refer to the Funds direct use of such derivatives.
As indicated
42
in the Private Placement Memoranda and in the Fund Investments section of this Statement of
Additional Information, certain Funds may invest in other Funds of the Trust, which, in turn, may
use types of derivatives and/or employ derivatives strategies that differ from those described in
this Statement of Additional Information or the Private Placement Memoranda.
Function of Derivatives in the Funds.
The types of derivatives used and derivatives strategies
employed by a Fund and the extent a Fund uses derivatives varies from Fund to Fund depending on the
Funds specific investment objective and strategies. A fund may use exchange-traded and OTC
financial derivatives, in particular interest rate swaps with respect to World Opportunity Overlay
Fund, as an integral part of its investment program. Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund uses
exchange-traded and OTC commodity-related and financial derivatives, in particular commodity swaps
and commodity future contracts, as an integral part of its investment program. To a significant
extent, specific market conditions may influence the Managers choice of derivatives and
derivatives strategies for a particular Fund.
Counterparty Creditworthiness.
The Manager evaluates the creditworthiness of the counterparties to
these transactions or their guarantors at the time a Fund enters into a transaction.
Use of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
Types of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) That May Be Used by the
Fund
Swap contracts, including commodity swaps, interest rate swaps, swaps on an index, a single fixed
income security, or a basket of fixed income securities, credit default swaps, and contracts
for differences
Futures contracts and related options on commodities as well as
baskets or indices of commodities
Financial futures contracts and related options on bonds as well as baskets or indices of
securities
Options on bonds and other securities
Swaptions
Structured notes
Warrants and rights
43
Uses of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the Fund
Investment
In particular, the Fund uses commodity swaps and commodity futures contracts for investment
purposes, instead of investing directly in the commodity markets. The Fund uses swaps on
broad-based commodity indices, in particular the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index, to gain and manage
exposure to the commodity component of the Funds benchmark. The Fund also takes active long or
short positions primarily in commodity futures contracts to add value relative to the commodity
component of the Funds benchmark. The Fund also may take active long or short positions in other
exchange-traded and OTC commodity-related derivatives, including options on commodity futures.
The Fund may use long or short derivatives (including futures contracts, related options, swap
contracts, and swaptions) instead of investing directly in securities. In particular, the Fund may
use swaps or other derivatives on an index, a single security, or a basket of securities to gain
investment exposure to securities in situations where direct ownership is not possible or is
economically unattractive. In addition, if a derivative position is non-U.S. dollar denominated, a
foreign currency forward may be used in conjunction with a long derivative position to achieve the
effect of investing directly.
The Fund also may indirectly use (through GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund) credit default swaps
for investment purposes, in which case the Fund will receive the premium from its counterparty but
would be obligated to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of the defaulted bonds or loans upon
issuer default to the counterparty.
Risk Management
The Fund may use commodity futures, related options, and commodity swap contracts to achieve what
the Manager believes to be the optimal exposure to individual commodities. From time to time,
derivatives may be used prior to actual sales and purchases. For example, if the Fund holds a
large proportion of a certain type of commodity and the Manager believes that another commodity
will outperform such commodity, the Fund might use a short futures contract on an appropriate index
(to synthetically sell a portion of the Funds portfolio) in combination with a long futures
contract on another index (to synthetically buy exposure to that index). Long and short
commodity swap contracts and contracts for differences also may be used for these purposes.
Commodities derivatives used to effect synthetic sales and purchases will generally be unwound as
actual portfolio securities are sold and purchased.
The Fund is not limited in the extent to which it uses derivatives or in the absolute face value of
its derivative positions. As a result, the Fund may be leveraged in terms of aggregate exposure of
its assets, and its net long exposure may exceed 100% of its net assets.
44
Hedging
The Fund may use futures, options, swap contracts, and swaptions in an attempt to manage against a
market or credit risk perceived by the Manager to be present in the Fund. For instance, the Fund
may take an active long or short position in a particular commodity to hedge against the Funds
short or long exposure to such commodity. In addition, the Fund may indirectly use (through GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund) credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with
respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate (including asset-backed security) or sovereign
issuer of fixed income securities. In anticipation of significant purchases of securities, a Fund
may attempt to manage market risk (the risk of not being invested in the securities) by purchasing
long futures contracts or entering into long swap contracts to obtain market exposure until the
purchase is completed. Conversely, in anticipation of significant redemptions, a Fund may sell
futures contracts or enter into short swap contracts to help it dispose of securities in an orderly
fashion.
Other Uses
The Fund may employ additional derivatives strategies to help implement its investment strategies.
For instance, the Manager may decide to alter the interest rate exposure of debt instruments by
employing interest rate swaps. This strategy enables the Fund to maintain its investment in the
credit of an issuer through the debt instrument but adjust its interest rate exposure through the
swap. With these swaps, the Fund and its counterparties exchange interest rate exposure, such as
fixed vs. variable and shorter duration vs. longer duration.
In addition, the Fund may employ the foreign currency derivative transactions described below.
Use of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions That May Be Employed by the Fund
Buying and selling spot currencies
Forward foreign currency contracts
Currency futures contracts and related options (both cash and physically settled)
Options on currencies
Currency swap contracts
Uses of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use derivatives generally short forward or futures contracts
in an attempt to hedge back into the U.S. dollar the foreign currency exposure in its portfolio.
The Fund is not required to hedge any of its currency risk.
45
Anticipatory Hedging: When the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase of, or anticipates the
need to purchase, a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may lock in the U.S. dollar
price of the security by buying the foreign currency or using currency forwards or futures.
Cross Hedging: The Fund may attempt to adjust exposure to a foreign currency by using derivatives
that hedge that exposure to a third currency, not necessarily the U.S. dollar. For example, if the
Fund holds Japanese bonds, but the Manager believes the Yen is likely to decline against the Euro
(but not necessarily the U.S. dollar), the Manager may implement a cross hedge to take a short
position in the Yen and take a long position in the Euro. This may be implemented with a
traditional hedge of the Yen to U.S. dollars in addition to a purchase of Euros using those U.S.
dollars.
Proxy Hedging: The Fund may attempt to adjust the exposure of a given foreign currency by using an
instrument denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated with
the subject currency.
Investment
The Fund may enter into currency forwards or futures contracts in connection with entering into a
futures contract on a foreign index to create synthetic foreign currency-denominated securities.
Use of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund
Types of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) That May Be Used by the
Funds
Swap contracts, including interest rate swaps, swaps on an index, a single fixed income security,
or a basket of fixed income securities, and credit default swaps
Futures contracts and related options on bonds as well as baskets or indices of securities
Options on bonds and other securities
Swaptions
Structured notes
Uses of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the Funds
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: A Fund may use futures, options, swap contracts, and swaptions in an attempt
to manage against a market or credit risk already perceived by the Manager to be present in the
Fund. For instance, a Fund may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position
with respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate (including asset-backed security) or
sovereign issuer of fixed income securities.
Anticipatory Hedging: In anticipation of significant purchases of a security or securities, a Fund
may attempt to manage market risk (the risk of not being invested in the securities) by
46
purchasing long futures contracts or entering into long swap contracts to obtain market exposure
until the purchase is completed. Conversely, in anticipation of significant redemptions, a Fund
may sell futures contracts or enter into short swap contracts in an attempt to help it dispose of
securities in an orderly fashion.
Investment
Each Fund may use long or short derivatives (including futures contracts, related options, swap
contracts, and swaptions) instead of investing directly in securities. In particular, a Fund may
use swaps or other derivatives on an index, a single security, or a basket of securities to gain
investment exposure to securities in situations where direct ownership is not possible or is
economically unattractive. In addition, if a derivative position is non-U.S. dollar denominated, a
foreign currency forward may be used in conjunction with a long derivative position to achieve the
effect of investing directly.
A Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes, in which case the Fund will
receive the premium from its counterparty but would be obligated to pay the par (or other
agreed-upon) value of the defaulted bonds or loans upon issuer default to the counterparty.
Risk Management
A Fund may use options, futures, and related options as well as swap contracts to achieve what the
Manager believes to be the optimal exposure to particular interest rate markets or individual
countries or issuers. From time to time, derivatives may be used prior to actual sales and
purchases.
A Fund is not limited in the extent to which it uses derivatives or in the absolute face value of
its derivative positions. As a result, a Fund may be leveraged in terms of aggregate exposure of
its assets.
Other Uses
The Funds may employ additional derivatives strategies to help implement their investment
strategies. For instance, the Manager may decide to alter the interest rate exposure of debt
instruments by employing interest rate swaps. This strategy enables a Fund to maintain its
investment in the credit of an issuer through the debt instrument but adjust its interest rate
exposure through the swap. With these swaps, the Funds and their counterparties exchange interest
rate exposure, such as fixed vs. variable and shorter duration vs. longer duration.
In addition, the Funds may employ the foreign currency derivative transactions described below.
Use of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund
47
Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions That May Be Employed by the Funds
Buying and selling spot currencies
Forward foreign currency contracts
Currency futures contracts and related options (both cash and physically settled)
Options on currencies
Currency swap contracts
Uses of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the Funds
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: A Fund may use derivatives generally short forward or futures contracts
in an attempt to hedge back into the U.S. dollar the foreign currency exposure inherent in its
portfolio. A Fund is not required to hedge any of its currency risk.
Anticipatory Hedging: When a Fund enters into a contract for the purchase of, or anticipates the
need to purchase, a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may lock in the U.S. dollar
price of the security by buying the foreign currency or using currency forwards or futures.
Cross Hedging: A Fund may attempt to adjust exposure to a foreign currency by using derivatives
that hedge that exposure to a third currency, not necessarily the U.S. dollar. For example, if a
Fund holds Japanese bonds, but the Manager believes the Yen is likely to decline against the Euro
(but not necessarily the U.S. dollar), the Manager may implement a cross hedge to take a short
position in the Yen and take a long position in the Euro. This may be implemented with a
traditional hedge of the Yen to U.S. dollars in addition to a purchase of Euros using those U.S.
dollars.
Proxy Hedging: A Fund may attempt to adjust the exposure of a given foreign currency by using an
instrument denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated with
the subject currency.
Investment
A Fund may enter into currency forwards or futures contracts in connection with entering into a
futures contract on a foreign index to create synthetic foreign currency-denominated securities.
Risk Management
Subject to certain limitations, a Fund may use foreign currency derivatives for risk management.
Thus, a Fund may have foreign currency exposure that is different than the currency exposure
represented by its portfolio investments. That exposure may include long and short exposure to
particular currencies beyond the exposure represented by a Funds investment in securities
denominated in that currency.
48
Use of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by
Special Situations Fund
Types of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) That May Be Used by the
Fund
Options, futures contracts, and related options on bonds or other securities as well as baskets or
indices of securities
Swap contracts, including interest rate swaps, swaps on an index, a single fixed income security,
or a basket of fixed income securities, credit default swaps, inflation swaps, and contracts
for differences
Swaptions
Contracts for differences, i.e., swaps on an index, a single equity security, or a basket of equity
securities that contain both long and short equity components
Structured or indexed notes
Warrants and rights
Futures contracts and related options on bonds as well as baskets or indices of securities
Uses of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use futures, options, swap contracts, and swaptions in an
attempt to manage against a market or credit risk perceived by the Manager to be present in the
Fund. For instance, the Fund may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position
with respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate (including asset-backed security) or
sovereign issuer of fixed income securities. The Fund also may use short equity futures, related
options, and short swap contracts to hedge against an equity risk already generally present in the
Fund.
Anticipatory Hedging: In anticipation of significant purchases of a security or securities, the
Fund may attempt to manage market risk (the risk of not being invested in the securities) by
purchasing long futures contracts or entering into long swap contracts to obtain market exposure
until the purchase is completed. Conversely, in anticipation of significant redemptions, the Fund
may sell futures contracts or enter into short swap contracts in attempt to help it dispose of
securities in a more orderly fashion.
The Fund is not subject to any limit on the absolute face value of derivatives used for hedging
purposes.
Investment
The Fund may use long or short derivatives (including futures contracts, related options, swap
contracts, and swaptions) instead of investing directly in securities. In particular, the Fund may
use swaps or other derivatives on an index, a single security, or a basket of securities to gain
investment exposure to securities in situations where direct ownership is not possible or is
49
economically unattractive. In addition, if a derivative position is non-U.S. dollar denominated,
the Fund may use a foreign currency forward in conjunction with a long derivative position to
achieve the effect of investing directly.
The Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes, in which case the Fund will
receive the premium from its counterparty but would be obligated to pay the par (or other
agreed-upon) value of the defaulted bonds or loans upon issuer default to the counterparty.
Risk Management
The Fund may use swaps as well as options, futures, and related options to achieve what the Manager
believes to be the optimal exposure to particular interest rate markets or individual countries,
indices, sectors or issuers. From time to time, derivatives may be used prior to actual sales and
purchases.
The Fund is not limited in the extent to which it uses derivatives or in the absolute face value of
its derivative positions. As a result, the Fund may be leveraged in terms of aggregate exposure of
its assets, and its net long exposure may exceed 100% of its net assets.
Other Uses
The Fund may employ additional derivatives strategies to help implement its investment strategies.
For instance, the Manager may decide to alter the interest rate exposure of debt instruments by
employing interest rate swaps. This strategy enables the Fund to maintain its investment in the
credit of an issuer through the debt instrument but adjust its interest rate exposure through the
swap. With these swaps, the Fund and its counterparties exchange interest rate exposure, such as
fixed vs. variable and shorter duration vs. longer duration.
In addition, the Fund may employ the foreign currency derivative transactions described below.
Use of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by Special Situations Fund
Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions That May Be Employed by the Fund
Buying and selling spot currencies
Forward foreign currency contracts
Currency futures contracts and related options (both cash and physically settled)
Options on currencies
Currency swap contracts
50
Uses of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use derivatives generally short forward or futures contracts
in an attempt to hedge back into the U.S. dollar the foreign currency exposure inherent in its
portfolio. The Fund is not required to hedge any of its currency risk.
Anticipatory Hedging: When the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase of, or anticipates the
need to purchase, a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may lock in the U.S. dollar
price of the security by buying the foreign currency or using currency forwards or futures.
Cross Hedging: The Fund may attempt to adjust exposure to a foreign currency by using derivatives
that hedge that exposure to a third currency, not necessarily the U.S. dollar. For example, if the
Fund holds Japanese bonds, but the Manager believes the Yen is likely to decline against the Euro
(but not necessarily the U.S. dollar), the Manager may implement a cross hedge to take a short
position in the Yen and take a long position in the Euro. This may be implemented with a
traditional hedge of the Yen to U.S. dollars in addition to a purchase of Euros using those U.S.
dollars.
Proxy Hedging: The Fund may attempt to adjust the exposure of a given foreign currency by using an
instrument denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated with
the subject currency.
Investment
The Fund may enter into currency forwards or futures contracts in connection with entering into a
futures contract on a foreign index to create synthetic foreign currency-denominated securities.
Risk Management
Subject to certain limitations, the Fund may use foreign currency derivatives for risk management.
Thus, the Fund may have foreign currency exposure that is different than the currency exposure
represented by its portfolio investments. That exposure may include long and short exposure to
particular currencies beyond the exposure represented by the Funds investment in securities
denominated in that currency.
Use of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
Types of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) That May Be Used by the
Fund
Swap contracts, including interest rate swaps, swaps on an index, a single fixed income security,
or a basket of fixed income securities, and credit default swaps
Swaptions
51
Futures contracts and related options on bonds as well as baskets or indices of securities
Options on bonds and other securities
Structured notes
Uses of Derivatives (other than foreign currency derivative transactions) by the Fund
Investment
Instead of investing directly in fixed income securities, the Fund uses derivatives, primarily
interest rate swaps, to seek to exploit misvaluations in world interest rates and to add value
relative to the Funds benchmark. The Fund also may use other types of derivatives for investment
purposes, including other types of swap contracts, futures contracts, related options, and
swaptions, instead of investing directly in securities. In particular, the Fund may use swaps or
other derivatives on an index, a single security, or a basket of securities to gain investment
exposure to securities in situations where direct ownership is not possible or is economically
unattractive. In addition, the Fund may use credit default swaps for investment purposes. In
those cases, it will receive the premium from its counterparty but would be obligated to pay the
par (or other agreed-upon) value of the defaulted bonds or loans upon issuer default to the
counterparty.
If a derivative position is non-U.S. dollar denominated, the Fund may use a foreign currency
forward in conjunction with a long derivative position to achieve the effect of investing directly.
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use futures, options, swap contracts, and swaptions in an
attempt to manage against a market or credit risk perceived by the Manager to be present in the
Fund. For instance, the Fund may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position
with respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate (including asset-backed security) or
sovereign issuer of fixed income securities.
Anticipatory Hedging: In anticipation of significant purchases of a security or securities, the
Fund may attempt to manage market risk (the risk of not being invested in the securities) by
purchasing long futures contracts or entering into long swap contracts to obtain market exposure
until the purchase is completed. Conversely, in anticipation of significant redemptions, the Fund
may sell futures contracts or enter into short swap contracts in an attempt to help it dispose of
securities in an orderly fashion.
Risk Management
The Fund may use swaps as well as options, futures, and related options to achieve what the Manager
believes to be the optimal exposure to particular interest rate markets or individual countries or
issuers. From time to time, derivatives may be used prior to actual sales and purchases.
52
The Fund is not limited in the extent to which it uses derivatives or in the absolute face value of
its derivative positions. As a result, the Fund may be leveraged in terms of aggregate exposure of
its assets, and its net long exposure may exceed 100% of its net assets.
Other Uses
The Fund may employ additional derivatives strategies to help implement its investment strategies.
For instance, the Manager may decide to alter the interest rate exposure of debt instruments by
employing interest rate swaps. This strategy enables the Fund to maintain its investment in the
credit of an issuer through the debt instrument but adjust its interest rate exposure through the
swap. With these swaps, the Fund and its counterparties exchange interest rate exposure, such as
fixed vs. variable and shorter duration vs. longer duration.
In addition, the Fund may employ the foreign currency derivative transactions described below.
Use of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions That May Be Employed by the Fund
Buying and selling spot currencies
Forward foreign currency contracts
Currency futures contracts and related options (both cash and physically settled)
Options on currencies
Currency swap contracts
Uses of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use derivatives generally short forward or futures contracts
in an attempt to hedge back into the U.S. dollar the foreign currency exposure inherent in its
portfolio. The Fund is not required to hedge any of its currency risk.
Anticipatory Hedging: When the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase of, or anticipates the
need to purchase, a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may lock in the U.S. dollar
price of the security by buying the foreign currency or using currency forwards or futures.
Cross Hedging: The Fund may attempt to adjust exposure to a foreign currency by using derivatives
that hedge that exposure to a third currency, not necessarily the U.S. dollar. For example, if the
Fund holds Japanese bonds, but the Manager believes the Yen is likely to decline against the Euro
(but not necessarily the U.S. dollar), the Manager may implement a cross hedge to take a short
position in the Yen and take a long position in the Euro. This may be implemented with a
traditional hedge of the Yen to U.S. dollars in addition to a purchase of Euros using those U.S.
dollars.
53
Proxy Hedging: The Fund may attempt to adjust the exposure of a given foreign currency by using an
instrument denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated with
the subject currency.
Investment
The Fund may enter into currency forwards or futures contracts in connection with entering into a
futures contract on a foreign index to create synthetic foreign currency-denominated securities.
Risk Management
Subject to certain limitations, the Fund may use foreign currency derivatives for risk management.
Thus, the Fund may have foreign currency exposure that is different than the currency exposure
represented by its portfolio investments. That exposure may include long and short exposure to
particular currencies beyond the exposure represented by the Funds investment in securities
denominated in that currency.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Restrictions
:
The following are Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Funds, which may
not
be
changed without shareholder approval:
(1) Each Fund may not borrow money except under the following circumstances: (i) Each Fund may
borrow money from banks so long as after such a transaction, the total assets (including the amount
borrowed) less liabilities other than debt obligations, represent at least 300% of outstanding debt
obligations; (ii) Each Fund may also borrow amounts equal to an additional 5% of its total assets
without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as for the clearance and
settlement of portfolio transactions and to meet shareholder redemption requests; and (iii) Each
Fund may enter into transactions that are technically borrowings under the 1940 Act because they
involve the sale of a security coupled with an agreement to repurchase that security (e.g., reverse
repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, and other similar investment techniques) without regard to the
asset coverage restriction described in (i) above, so long as and to the extent that a Funds
custodian earmarks and maintains cash and/or high-grade debt securities equal in value to its
obligations in respect of these transactions.
Under current pronouncements of the SEC staff, the above types of transactions are not treated as
involving senior securities so long as and to the extent that the Fund maintains liquid assets
equal in value to its obligations in respect of these transactions.
(2) With respect to Special Purpose Holding Fund, the Fund may not purchase securities on margin
except such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of
securities. (For this purpose, the deposit or payment of initial or variation margin in connection
with futures contracts or related options transactions is not considered the purchase of a security
on margin.)
54
(3) With respect to Special Purpose Holding Fund, the Fund may not make short sales of securities
or maintain a short position for the Funds account unless at all times when a short position is
open the Fund owns an equal amount of such securities or owns securities which, without payment of
any further consideration, are convertible into or exchangeable for securities of the same issue
as, and equal in amount to, the securities sold short.
(4) Each Fund may not underwrite securities issued by other persons except to the extent that, in
connection with the disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be deemed to be an underwriter
under federal securities laws.
(5) Each Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities of issuers
which deal in real estate, including securities of real estate investment trusts, and may purchase
securities which are secured by interests in real estate.
(6) Each Fund may not make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations or by entering into
repurchase agreements or through the lending of the Funds portfolio securities. Loans of
portfolio securities may be made with respect to up to 100% of a Funds total assets in the case of
each of Debt Opportunities Fund, High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, and Special Purpose Holding
Fund, and up to 33 1/3% of the Funds total assets in the case of each of Alternative Asset
Opportunity Fund, Special Situations Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay Fund.
(7) Each Fund may not concentrate more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one
industry.
For purposes of this Fundamental Restriction (7), an industry shall not be considered to include
the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
(8) With respect to Debt Opportunities Fund, High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, Special
Purpose Holding Fund, Special Situations Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay Fund, each Fund may
not purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except that the Fund may purchase and sell
financial futures contracts and options thereon.
With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, the Fund may not purchase commodities, except
that the Fund may purchase and sell commodity contracts or any type of commodity-related
derivatives (including, without limitation, all types of commodity-related swaps, futures
contracts, forward contracts and options contracts).
(9) Each Fund may not issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act and as amplified by
rules, regulations and pronouncements of the SEC.
The SEC has concluded that even though reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements,
and standby commitment agreements fall within the functional meaning of the term evidence of
indebtedness, the issue of compliance with Section 18 of the 1940 Act will not be raised with the
SEC by the Division of Investment Management if a Fund covers such obligations or maintains liquid
assets equal in value to its obligations with respect to these
55
transactions. Similarly, so long as such assets are maintained, the issue of compliance with
Section 18 will not be raised with respect to any of the following: any swap contract or contract
for differences; any pledge or encumbrance of assets permitted by Non-Fundamental Restriction (4)
below; any borrowing permitted by Fundamental Restriction (1) above; any collateral arrangements
with respect to initial and variation margin; and the purchase or sale of options, forward
contracts, futures contracts or options on futures contracts.
Non-Fundamental Restrictions
:
The following are Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Funds, which may be changed by the
Trustees
without
shareholder approval:
(1) With respect to Debt Opportunities Fund, High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, Special
Purpose Holding Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Fund, each Fund may not buy or sell oil, gas, or
other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts, although it may purchase securities of issuers
that deal in oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts, including securities
of royalty trusts, and may purchase securities which are secured by, or otherwise hold or represent
interests in, oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts.
(2) Each Fund may not make investments for the purpose of gaining control of a companys
management.
With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and Special Situations Fund, this restriction
shall not apply with respect to the Funds investments in one or more wholly-owned subsidiaries.
(3) With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Debt Opportunities Fund, High Quality
Short-Duration Bond Fund, Special Situations Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay Fund, each Fund
may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.
(4) With respect to Special Purpose Holding Fund, the Fund may not pledge, hypothecate, mortgage,
or otherwise encumber its assets in excess of 33 1/3% of the Funds total assets (taken at cost).
(For the purposes of this restriction, collateral arrangements with respect to swap agreements, the
writing of options, stock index, interest rate, currency or other futures, options on futures
contracts and collateral arrangements with respect to initial and variation margin are not deemed
to be a pledge or other encumbrance of assets. The deposit of securities or cash or cash
equivalents in escrow in connection with the writing of covered call or put options, respectively,
is not deemed to be a pledge or encumbrance.)
(5) With respect to each Fund which has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy pursuant to
Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act (each, a Name Policy), the Fund may not change its Name Policy as
set forth under the Funds Principal investment strategies in the Funds Private Placement
Memorandum without providing the Funds shareholders with a notice meeting the requirement of Rule
35d-1(c) at least 60 days prior to such change.
For purposes of each Name Policy, each Fund considers the term invest to include both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments to include both direct investments and
indirect investments (for instance, a Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments
56
by investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the
underlying asset), and a Fund may achieve exposure to a particular investment, industry, country,
or geographic region through direct investing or indirect investing and/or direct investments or
indirect investments.
Except as indicated above in Fundamental Restriction (1), all percentage limitations on investments
set forth herein and in each Private Placement Memorandum will apply at the time of the making of
an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists
immediately after and as a result of such investment.
With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, for purposes of determining compliance with the
Funds policy not to concentrate investments in a particular industry, futures contracts will be
valued at current market value (not notional value).
The phrase shareholder approval, as used in each Private Placement Memorandum and in this
Statement of Additional Information, and the phrases vote of a majority of the outstanding voting
securities and the approval of shareholders, as used herein with respect to a Fund, mean the
affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Fund, or (2)
67% or more of the shares of that Fund present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding
shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. Except for policies and restrictions
that are explicitly described as fundamental in a Private Placement Memorandum or this Statement of
Additional Information, the investment policies and restrictions of each Fund may be changed by the
Trusts Trustees without the approval of shareholders of that Fund. Policies and restrictions of a
Fund that are explicitly described as fundamental in the Private Placement Memorandum or this
Statement of Additional Information cannot be changed without the approval of shareholders of that
Fund.
World Opportunity Overlay Fund typically will have exposure to a number of countries throughout the
world, including exposure to the interest rate markets of those countries through the use of
futures contracts, swap contracts, and other types of derivatives.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value (NAV) of each Fund or each class of shares of each Fund, as applicable, will
be determined as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally
at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. A Fund will not determine its NAV on any day when the NYSE is closed
for business. Additionally, each of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Debt Opportunities Fund,
High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay
Fund will not be valued (and, accordingly, transactions in shares of the Fund will not be
processed) on days when the U.S. bond markets are closed. A Fund also may elect not to determine
its NAV on days during which no share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a
share is received by that Fund. Please refer to Determination of Net Asset Value in each Funds Private
Placement Memorandum for additional information.
57
The Manager evaluates pricing sources on an ongoing basis, and may change a pricing source at any
time. The Manager normally does not evaluate the prices supplied by pricing sources on a
day-to-day basis. The Manager monitors erratic or unusual movements (including unusual inactivity)
in the prices supplied for a security and has discretion to override a price supplied by a source
(e.g., by taking a price supplied by another) when it believes that the price supplied is not
reliable. In addition, although alternative prices are available for other securities held by a
Fund, those alternative sources would not necessarily confirm the security price used by the Fund.
Therefore, the existence of those alternative sources does not necessarily provide greater
certainty about the prices used by the Fund.
DISTRIBUTIONS
Each Private Placement Memorandum describes the distribution policies of that Fund under the
heading Distributions and Taxes.
Because each of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Special Situations Fund, Special Purpose
Holding Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay Fund has elected to be treated as a partnership for tax
purposes, it is not required to make distributions to its shareholders. It is the policy of each
of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Special Situations Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay Fund
to declare and pay distributions as determined by the Trustees (or their delegates). Special
Purpose Holding Fund will generally distribute any proceeds and other cash receipts received from
its underlying investments as soon as practicable after such proceeds are received, subject to the
discretion of the Trustees (or their delegates).
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund each generally maintain a policy
to pay their respective shareholders, as dividends, substantially all net investment income, if
any, and all net realized capital gains, if any, after offsetting any available capital loss
carryovers. Each such Fund generally maintains a policy to make distributions at least annually,
sufficient to avoid the imposition of a nondeductible 4% excise tax on certain undistributed
amounts of ordinary income and capital gain net income. Each such Fund, from time to time and at
the Funds discretion, also may make unscheduled distributions of net income, short-term capital
gains, and/or long-term capital gains prior to large redemptions by shareholders from the Fund or
as otherwise deemed appropriate by the Fund. From time to time, distributions by a Fund could
constitute, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a return of capital to shareholders (see
discussion in Taxes below).
TAXES: DEBT OPPORTUNITIES FUND,
HIGH QUALITY SHORT-DURATION BOND FUND
The following tax section applies only to Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration
Bond Fund and their shareholders.
The Funds shareholders are other Funds of the Trust and certain accredited investors. The
following summary does not discuss the tax consequences to the shareholders of those other Funds of
the Trust, of distributions by those other Funds to their shareholders, or of the sale of shares of
those other Funds by their shareholders. Shareholders of such Funds should consult the
58
prospectuses (or private placement memoranda) and statements of additional information of those
other Funds for a discussion of the tax consequences to them.
Tax Status and Taxation of Each Fund
Each Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Each Fund
intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (RIC) under Subchapter M of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (previously defined above as the Code). In order to
qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, each Fund must, among
other things:
(a)
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derive at least 90% of its gross income from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect
to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock,
securities, or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from
options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in
such stock, securities, or currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in qualified
publicly traded partnerships (as defined below);
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(b)
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diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Funds taxable year, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets is represented by cash and cash
items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in
respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total
assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not
more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets is invested in the securities (other
than those of the U.S. government or RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which
the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses,
or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below);
and
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(c)
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distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment
company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction
for dividends paidgenerally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net
short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest
income, for such year.
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In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above,
income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such
income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if
realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a
qualified publicly traded partnership (defined generally as a partnership (i) interests in which
are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the
substantial equivalent thereof, (ii) that derives at least 90% of its income from passive income
sources defined in Section 7704(d) of the Code, and (iii) that derives less than 90% of its income
from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as qualifying
income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs,
such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified
publicly traded partnership. Further, for the purposes of paragraph (b) above: (i) the term
outstanding voting securities of such issuer will include the equity securities of a qualified
59
publicly traded partnership, and (ii) identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of
a particular Fund investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some
cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse
determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) with respect to issuer
identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Funds ability to meet
the diversification test.
If a Fund qualifies as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund will not be subject
to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form
of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below).
As described above, each Fund intends generally to distribute at least annually to its shareholders
substantially all of its net investment income (including any net tax-exempt income) and all of its
net capital gain. Any net taxable investment income retained by a Fund will be subject to tax at
the Fund level at regular corporate rates. Although each Fund intends generally to distribute all
of its net capital gain each year, each Fund reserves the right to retain for investment all or a
portion of its net capital gain. If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax
at the Fund level at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. In that case, a Fund is
permitted to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a timely notice to its
shareholders, who would then, in turn, be (i) required to include in income for U.S. federal income
tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii)
entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed
amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a
properly filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If a Fund
properly makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares
owned by a shareholder of a Fund would be increased by an amount equal under current law to the
difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders gross
income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under
clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. A Fund is not required to, and there can be no assurance
that a Fund will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a
taxable year.
In determining its net capital gain for purposes of Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below, a
Fund generally must treat any net capital loss or any net long-term capital loss incurred after
October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year. In addition, in determining its
taxable income, a Fund is permitted to elect to treat all or part of any net capital loss, any net
long-term capital loss, or any foreign currency loss incurred after October 31 as if it had been
incurred in the succeeding year.
If a Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income
for such year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending
October 31, plus any retained amount from the prior year, such Fund would be subject to a
nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. Each Fund intends generally to make
distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax, although each Fund reserves the
right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant
(e.g., the payment of the excise tax amount is deemed by the Fund to be
de minimis
). Where a Fund
has a taxable year that begins in one calendar year and ends in the next calendar year, the
60
Fund will be required to make this excise tax distribution during its taxable year. There is a
risk that a Fund could recognize income prior to making this excise tax distribution and could
recognize losses after making this distribution. As a result, all or a portion of a Funds excise
tax distribution could constitute a return of capital (see discussion below).
Realized capital losses in excess of realized capital gains (Net Capital Losses) are not
permitted to be deducted against net investment income. A Fund may carry Net Capital Losses
forward for eight years. However, a Fund will not be able to use any Net Capital Losses remaining
at the conclusion of the eighth taxable year succeeding the taxable year in which such Net Capital
Loss arose. All Net Capital Losses carried forward are treated as short-term and will offset
short-term capital gain before offsetting long-term capital gain in the year in which they are
used. See each Funds most recent annual shareholder report for more information concerning the
Funds Net Capital Losses available to be carried forward (if any) as of the end of its most
recently ended fiscal year.
However, a Funds ability to use Net Capital Losses may be limited following the occurrence of
certain (i) acquisitive reorganizations and (ii) shifts in the ownership of the Fund by a
shareholder owning or treated as owning 5% or more of the stock of the Fund (each, an ownership
change). The Code may similarly limit a Funds ability to use any of its other capital losses, or
ordinary losses, that have accrued but have not been recognized (i.e., built-in losses) at the
time of an ownership change to the extent they are realized within the five-year period following
the ownership change.
Each Fund will be considered to be a nonpublicly offered RIC if it does not have at least 500
shareholders at all times during a taxable year. Very generally, pursuant to Treasury regulations,
expenses of nonpublicly offered RICs, except those specific to their status as a RIC or separate
entity (e.g., registration fees or transfer agency fees), are subject to special pass-through
rules. The affected expenses (which include Management Fees) are treated as additional dividends
to certain Fund shareholders (generally including individuals and entities that compute their
taxable income in the same manner as individuals) and are deductible by those shareholders, subject
to the 2% floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions and other significant limitations on itemized
deductions set forth in the Code.
Transactions in Fund Shares
The sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any
gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital
gain if the shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain if the
shares have been held for not more than one year. However, depending on a shareholders percentage
ownership in a Fund, a partial redemption of Fund shares could cause the shareholder to be treated
as receiving a dividend, taxable under the rules applicable to dividends and distributions
described below, rather than capital gain income received in exchange for Fund shares.
Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held by a shareholder for six months or
less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends, as
defined below, received or deemed received by a shareholder with respect to those shares. Further,
all or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be
61
disallowed under the Codes wash-sale rules if other shares of the same Fund are purchased within
30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares
will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Taxation of Fund Distributions
Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders under the rules described below whether received in
cash or reinvested in additional Fund shares.
Dividends and distributions on each Funds shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax
as described below to the extent they do not exceed the Funds realized income and gains, even
though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular
shareholders investment. Such dividends and distributions are likely to occur in respect of
shares purchased at a time when the Funds net asset value reflects unrealized gains, or realized
but undistributed income or gains, that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid
for its shares. Such realized income and gains may be required to be distributed even when the
Funds net asset value also reflects unrealized losses.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as
ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a Fund owned
the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder may have owned shares in
the Fund. In general, the Fund will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on assets it has
owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on
investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less. Distributions of net
long-term capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term
capital loss) that are properly designated by a Fund as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain
Dividends) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains. Long-term capital gain
rates applicable to most individuals have been temporarily reduced to 15% (with lower rates
applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets) for taxable years beginning before January
1, 2011. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend this reduction to tax years
beginning on or after January 1, 2011. Distributions attributable to net short-term capital gain
(as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders
as ordinary income. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any
available Net Capital Losses that have been carried forward.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, distributions of investment income designated
by a Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at
the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are
met at both the shareholder and Fund levels. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend
this provision to tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011.
In order for some portion of the dividends received by a Fund shareholder to be qualified dividend
income, a Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the
dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other
requirements with respect to the Funds shares. A dividend will not be treated as qualified
dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level) (i) if the dividend is received with
respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period
62
beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with
respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day
period beginning 90 days before such date), (ii) to the extent that the recipient is under an
obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to
positions in substantially similar or related property, (iii) if the recipient elects to have the
dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of
investment interest, or (iv) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (A) not
eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the
exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an
established securities market in the United States) or (B) treated as a passive foreign investment
company (as defined below).
In general, distributions of investment income designated by a Fund as derived from qualified
dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of a shareholder taxed as
an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described
above with respect to the Funds shares. In any event, if the qualified dividend income received
by a Fund during any taxable year is 95% or more of its gross income, then 100% of the Funds
dividends (other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend
income. For this purpose, the only gain included in the term gross income is the excess of net
short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss. Neither Debt Opportunities Fund nor High
Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund anticipates that a significant percentage of the dividends
received by them will qualify as qualified dividend income.
If a Fund receives dividends from an underlying fund that is treated as a RIC for U.S. federal
income tax purposes (Underlying RIC), and the Underlying RIC designates such dividends as
qualified dividend income, then the Fund is permitted, in turn, to designate a portion of its
distributions as qualified dividend income, provided that the Fund meets the holding period and
other requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.
For corporate shareholders (other than S corporations), the dividends-received deduction will
generally apply (subject to holding period and other requirements imposed by the Code) to a Funds
dividends paid from investment income to the extent derived from dividends received from U.S.
corporations. Neither Fund expects that a significant portion of its distributions will be
eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction. If a Fund receives dividends from an
Underlying RIC that qualifies as a RIC, and the Underlying RIC designates such dividends as
eligible for the dividends-received deduction, then the Fund is permitted, in turn, to designate a
portion of its distributions as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, provided that the
Fund meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.
A portion of the original issue discount (OID) accrued on certain high yield discount obligations
may not be deductible to the issuer. If a portion of the OID on certain high yield discount
obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated as a dividend for purposes of the
corporate dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount
obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible for the
63
dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such OID.
See Tax Implications of Certain Investments below for more discussion of OID.
To the extent that a Fund makes a distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income
received by the Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a
securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Fund on securities it
temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement treated for U.S.
federal income tax purposes as a loan, such distribution may not constitute qualified dividend
income to individual shareholders and may not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for
corporate shareholders.
A Fund may make a distribution to its shareholders in excess of its current and accumulated
earnings and profits in any taxable year (a Return of Capital Distribution), in which case the
excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of each shareholders tax
basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable to the
extent such an amount does not exceed a shareholders tax basis, but it reduces the shareholders
tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable
disposition by such shareholder of the shares.
A distribution paid to shareholders by a Fund in January of a year generally is deemed to have been
received by shareholders on December 31 of the preceding year, if the distribution was declared and
payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November, or December of that preceding
year. The Trust will provide U.S. federal tax information annually, including information about
dividends and distributions paid during the preceding year, to taxable investors and others
requesting such information.
Each Fund generally intends to mail required information returns to shareholders prior to January
31 of each year. However, a Fund may apply with the IRS for an extension of the time in which the
Fund is permitted to provide shareholders with information returns. As a result, a shareholder may
receive an information return from a Fund after January 31.
Backup Withholding
Each Fund (or in the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary) generally is
required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and
redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund (or
the intermediary) with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported dividend or
interest income, or who fails to certify that he or she is not subject to such withholding. The
backup withholding tax rate is 28% for amounts paid through 2010. This rate will expire and the
backup withholding rate will be 31% for amounts paid after December 31, 2010, unless Congress
enacts tax legislation providing otherwise. Any tax withheld as a result of backup withholding
does not constitute an additional tax imposed on the record owner of the account, and may be
claimed as a credit on the record owners U.S. federal income tax return, provided the appropriate
information is furnished to the IRS.
64
Distributions to Foreign Investors
In general, a Funds dividend distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends, as described more
fully below) are subject to a U.S. withholding tax of 30% when paid to a shareholder that is not a
U.S. person within the meaning of the Code (a foreign shareholder). In addition, subject to
certain exceptions, a Fund is generally not required and currently does not expect to withhold on
the amount of a non-dividend distribution (i.e., a Return of Capital Distribution) paid to its
foreign shareholders; a Fund, however, may determine to withhold on any such distribution in its
discretion to the extent permissible under applicable law. To the extent withholding is made,
persons who are resident in a country, such as the United Kingdom, that has an income tax treaty
with the United States may be eligible for a reduced withholding rate (upon filing of appropriate
forms), and are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the applicability and effect of such
a treaty.
However, effective for taxable years of a Fund beginning before January 1, 2010, a Fund is not
required to withhold any amounts (i) with respect to distributions (other than distributions to a
foreign shareholder (A) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is
not a U.S. person, (B) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an
obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (C) that
is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United
States, or (D) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a
related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign
corporation) from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal
income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, to the extent such
distributions are properly designated by the Fund (interest-related dividends), and (ii) with
respect to distributions (other than (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who is
present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year
of the distribution and (B) distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition of
U.S. real property interests (USRPIs)) of net short-term capital gains in excess of net
long-term capital losses, to the extent such distributions are properly designated by the Fund
(short-term capital gain dividends). Depending on the circumstances, a Fund may make
designations of interest-related and/or short-term capital gain dividends with respect to all,
some, or none of its potentially eligible dividends and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in
part, as ineligible for these exemptions from withholding. Absent legislation extending these
exemptions for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2010, these special withholding
exemptions for interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends will expire and these
dividends generally will be subject to withholding as described above. It is currently unclear
whether Congress will extend the exemptions for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2010.
In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary could determine to withhold
even if a Fund makes a designation with respect to a payment. Foreign shareholders should contact
their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
Under U.S. federal tax law, a foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal
income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of a
Fund or on Capital Gain Dividends unless (i) such gain or Capital Gain Dividend is effectively
connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United
65
States, or (ii) in the case of a foreign shareholder that is an individual, the shareholder is
present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year
of the sale or the receipt of the Capital Gain Dividend and certain other conditions are met.
Also, foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from a Fund is effectively connected with
a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder will in general be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens,
residents, or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in
shares, and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If
a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected
income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is
also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States.
Again, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the
United States may obtain different tax results, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.
In order to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding
tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a
foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its
non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-BEN or substitute form). Foreign
shareholders in a Fund should consult their tax advisors and, if holding shares through
intermediaries, their intermediaries, in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and
those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. Also, additional considerations may apply
to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should
consult their tax advisors about their particular situation.
A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local taxes and to the U.S. federal estate tax in
addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.
Foreign Taxes
A Funds investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes on
dividends, interest, or capital gains which will decrease a Funds yield. Such foreign withholding
taxes and other taxes may be reduced or eliminated under income tax treaties between the United
States and certain foreign jurisdictions. Depending on the number of foreign shareholders in a
Fund, however, such reduced foreign withholding tax rates may not be available for investments in
certain jurisdictions.
If, at the end of a Funds taxable year, more than 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund
is represented by direct investments in stock or other securities of foreign corporations, the Fund
may make an election that allows shareholders to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not
both) on their U.S. income tax return in respect of foreign taxes paid by or withheld from the Fund
on one or more of its foreign portfolio securities. Only foreign taxes that meet certain
qualifications are eligible for this pass-through treatment. If a Fund is eligible for and makes
such an election, its shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata
shares of such taxes paid by the Fund. Shareholders who do not itemize deductions on their U.S.
66
federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but not a deduction) for such foreign taxes. Even
if a Fund is eligible to make this election, it may determine not to do so in its sole discretion,
in which case any such qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund cannot be given this special
pass-through treatment by the Fund or its shareholders. Investors should consult their tax
advisors for further information relating to the foreign tax credit and deduction, which are
subject to certain restrictions and limitations (including a holding period requirement applied at
both the Fund and shareholder levels imposed by the Code). To the extent a Fund is eligible for
and makes this election, its shareholders whose income from the Fund is not subject to U.S.
taxation at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations
may receive substantially different tax treatment of distributions by the Fund, and may be
disadvantaged as a result of the Fund making this election. Neither Fund expects to be eligible to
make this election.
Under current law, a Fund cannot pass through to shareholders foreign tax credits borne in respect
of foreign securities income earned by Underlying RICs. In general, a Fund may only elect to pass
through to its shareholders foreign income taxes it pays provided that it directly holds more than
50% of its assets in foreign stock and other securities at the close of its taxable year. Foreign
securities held indirectly through an Underlying RIC do not contribute to this 50% threshold.
Withholding taxes that are accrued on dividends in respect of (i) securities on loan pursuant to a
securities lending transaction during the period that any such security was not directly held by a
Fund or (ii) securities the Fund temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase
agreement that is treated as a loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes may not qualify as a
foreign tax paid by the Fund and therefore cannot be passed through to shareholders even if the
Fund meets the other requirements described above.
Tax Implications of Certain Investments
In general, option premiums received by a Fund are not immediately included in the income of the
Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is
exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a
closing transaction). If an option written by a Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers
the underlying securities or other assets, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss
equal to (i) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (ii) the
Funds basis in the underlying securities or other assets. Such gain or loss generally will be
short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying securities or other
assets. If securities or other assets are purchased by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put
option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in
the securities or other assets purchased. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of a
Funds obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and related sale or
delivery of the underlying securities or other assets generally will be short-term gain or loss
depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount
paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written
by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the
premium received.
67
Certain covered call writing activities of a Fund may trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle
rules of Section 1092 of the Code, requiring that losses be deferred and holding periods be tolled
on offsetting positions in options and stocks deemed to constitute substantially similar or related
property. Options on stocks that are not deep in the money may give rise to qualified covered
calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock
underlying qualified covered calls that are in the money although not deep in the money will be
suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the
rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term
capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise
constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction to
fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or to
fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.
The tax treatment of certain futures contracts entered into by a Fund as well as listed non-equity
options written or purchased by a Fund on U.S. exchanges (including options on futures contracts,
equity indices, and debt securities) will be governed by Section 1256 of the Code (Section 1256
contracts). Gains or losses on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and
40% short-term capital gains or losses (60/40), although certain foreign currency gains and
losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, Section 1256 contracts
held by a Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain
other dates as prescribed under the Code) are marked to market, with the result that unrealized
gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated
as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.
In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions, a
Funds transactions in other derivative instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap agreements),
as well as any of its other hedging, short sales, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or
more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash-sale,
and short-sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by a Fund are
treated as ordinary or capital and/or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of
income or gains to a Fund, defer losses, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of a Funds
securities. The rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and/or character of distributions
to shareholders.
A Fund may make extensive use of various types of derivative financial instruments to the extent
permitted by its investment policies and restrictions. The tax rules applicable to derivative
financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, including under Subchapter M
of the Code. Accordingly, while the Funds intend to account for such transactions in a manner they
deem to be appropriate, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to one
or more of these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may adversely affect
a Funds ability to meet one or more of the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as
a RIC, as well as to avoid a fund-level tax. See Loss of RIC Status below.
Certain investments made and investment practices engaged in by a Fund can produce a difference
between its book income and its taxable income. These can include, but are not
68
limited to, certain hedging activities, as well as investments in foreign currencies, foreign
currency-denominated debt securities, Section 1256 contracts, passive foreign investment companies
(as defined below), and debt obligations with discount or purchased at a premium. If a Funds book
income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution
(if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Funds
remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income (if
any)), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipients basis in its
shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If a Funds
book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund
could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a RIC that is accorded
special tax treatment.
Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have not yet been
issued, but may apply retroactively, a portion of a Funds income (including income allocated to
the Fund from a real estate investment trust (as defined in Section 856 of the Code) qualifying for
the special tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code (U.S. REIT) or other pass-through
entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit
(REMIC) or an equity interest in a taxable mortgage pool (TMP) (referred to in the Code as an
excess inclusion) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also
provides and the regulations are expected to provide that excess inclusion income of RICs, such as
the Funds, will be allocated to shareholders of RICs in proportion to the dividends received by
such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest
directly. As a result, a Fund investing in any such interests may not be suitable investments for
charitable remainder trusts, as noted below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating
losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute
unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an
individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to
tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion
income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax
on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction
in U.S. federal withholding tax.
Under current law, income of a Fund that would be treated as UBTI if earned directly by a
tax-exempt entity generally will not be attributed and taxed as UBTI when distributed to tax-exempt
shareholders (that is, the Fund blocks this income with respect to such shareholders).
Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of
its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of
the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Code. A tax-exempt
shareholder may also recognize UBTI if a Fund recognizes excess inclusion income derived from
direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs as
described above, if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Funds investment
company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).
Furthermore, any investment in residual interests of a CMO with respect to which an
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election is in effect to be treated as a REMIC can create complex tax consequences, especially if a
Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as shareholders.
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in
RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in
TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code)
that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to
such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI as a result of
investing in a Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any
taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a
state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy
cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income, then
the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable
year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate.
The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation
is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, each Fund may elect to specially allocate
any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholders
distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholders interest in
the Fund. CRTs and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning
the consequences of investing in the Funds.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance
(and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of
issuance) that are acquired by a Fund will be treated as debt obligations that are issued
originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the OID is treated as interest income and is
included in a Funds taxable income (and required to be distributed by the Fund) over the term of
the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually
when the debt security matures. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income
which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security
receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance
that are acquired by a Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount.
Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a
debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or
principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt security.
Alternatively, the Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the discount
accrues (as ordinary income) ratably in equal daily installments or, if the Fund so elects, at a
constant (compound) interest rate. Either election will affect the character and timing of
recognition of income. by the Fund.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance that
are acquired by a Fund may be treated as having OID or, in certain cases, acquisition discount.
Generally, a Fund will be required to include the OID or acquisition discount in income (as
ordinary income) over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not
received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The OID or
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acquisition discount accrues ratably in equal daily installments or, if the Fund so elects, at a
constant (compound) interest rate. If the Fund elects the constant interest rate method, the
character and timing of recognition of income by the Fund will differ from what they would have
been under the default pro rata method.
Increases in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond will be treated as OID. Decreases
in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond will reduce the amount of interest from the
debt instrument that would otherwise be includible in income by a Fund. In addition, if the
negative inflation adjustment exceeds the income includible by a Fund with respect to the debt
instrument (including any OID) for the taxable year, such excess will be an ordinary loss to the
extent a Funds total interest inclusions on the debt instrument in prior taxable years exceed the
total amount treated by the Fund as an ordinary loss on the debt instrument in prior taxable years.
Any remaining excess may be carried forward to reduce taxable income from the instrument in
subsequent years.
If a Fund holds the foregoing kinds of debt instruments, it may be required to pay out as an income
distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund
actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or, if
necessary, by liquidation of portfolio securities including at a time when it may not be
advantageous to do so. A Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event a
Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger
Capital Gain Dividend than they would in the absence of such transactions.
Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for a
Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the Fund
should recognize market discount on a debt obligation; when the Fund may cease to accrue interest,
OID, or market discount; when and to what extent the Fund may take deductions for bad debts or
worthless securities; and how the Fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default
between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as,
and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient
income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise
tax.
If a Fund invests in shares of Underlying RICs, its distributable income and gains will normally
consist, in part, of distributions from Underlying RICs and gains and losses on the disposition of
shares of Underlying RICs. To the extent that an Underlying RIC realizes net losses on its
investments for a given taxable year, the Fund will not be able to recognize its share of those
losses (so as to offset income or capital gain generated from other Fund investments, including
from distributions of net income or capital gains from other Underlying RICs) until it disposes of
shares of the Underlying RIC. Moreover, even when the Fund does make such a disposition, a portion
of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as favorably
for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a short-term capital loss or an ordinary deduction. In
particular, the Fund will not be able to offset any capital losses from its dispositions of
Underlying RIC shares against its ordinary income (including distributions of any net short-term
capital gains realized by an Underlying RIC).
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In addition, in certain circumstances, the wash-sale rules under Section 1091 of the Code may
apply to a Funds sales of Underlying RIC shares that have generated losses. A wash sale occurs if
shares of an Underlying RIC are sold by the Fund at a loss and the Fund acquires additional shares
of that same Underlying RIC 30 days before or after the date of the sale. The wash-sale rules
could defer losses in the Funds hands on sales of Underlying RIC shares (to the extent such sales
are wash sales) for extended periods of time.
In addition to the wash-sale rules, certain related-party transaction rules may cause any losses
generated by the Fund on the sale of an Underlying RICs shares to be deferred (or, in some
cases, permanently disallowed) if the Fund and the Underlying RIC are part of the same
controlled group (as defined in Section 267(f) of the Code) at the time the loss is recognized.
For instance, for these purposes, the Fund and an Underlying RIC will be part of the same
controlled group if the Fund owns more than 50% of the total outstanding voting securities of the
Underlying RIC.
As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, the amounts of net investment
income and net capital gains that a Fund will be required to distribute to shareholders may be
greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by
the Underlying RICs, rather than investing in shares of the Underlying RICs. For similar reasons,
the character of distributions from the Fund (e.g., long-term capital gain, eligibility for
dividends-received deduction, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the
Fund invested directly in the securities held by the Underlying RICs.
Depending on a Funds percentage ownership in an Underlying RIC both before and after a redemption
of Underlying RIC shares, the Funds redemption of shares of such Underlying RIC may cause the Fund
to be treated as receiving a dividend taxable as ordinary income on the full amount of the
distribution instead of being treated as realizing capital gain (or loss) on the redemption of the
shares of the Underlying RIC. This generally would be the case where the Fund holds a significant
interest in an Underlying RIC and redeems only a small portion of such interest. It is possible
that any such dividend would qualify as qualified dividend income taxable at long-term capital gain
rates; otherwise, it would be taxable as ordinary income.
Special tax considerations apply if a Fund invests in investment companies treated as partnerships
for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a Fund investing in
such a partnership generally will be allocated its share of the income, gains, losses, deductions,
credits, and tax preference items of the partnership so as to reflect the Funds interests in the
partnership. A partnership in which a Fund invests may modify its partner allocations to comply
with applicable tax regulations, including, without limitation, the income tax regulations under
Sections 704, 734, 743, 754, and 755 of the Code, and make special allocations of specific tax
items, including gross income, gain, deduction, or loss, which could result in the Fund, as a
partner, receiving more or less items of income, gain, deduction, or loss (and/or income, gain,
deduction, or loss of a different character) than it would in the absence of such modified or
special allocations. A Fund will be required to include in its income its share of a partnerships
tax items, including gross income, gain, deduction, or loss, for any partnership taxable year
ending within or with the Funds taxable year, regardless of whether or not the partnership
distributes any cash to the Fund in such year.
In general, a Fund will not recognize its share of these tax items until the close of the
partnerships taxable year. However, absent the availability of an exception, a Fund will
recognize its share of these tax items as they are recognized by the partnership for purposes of
determining the Funds liability for the 4% excise tax (described above). Therefore, if a Fund and
a partnership have different taxable years, the Fund may be obligated to make distributions in
excess of the net income and gains recognized from that partnership and yet be unable to avoid the
4% excise tax because it is without sufficient earnings and profits at the end of its
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taxable year to make a dividend. In some cases, however, a Fund can take advantage of certain safe
harbors which would allow it to include its share of a partnerships income, gain, loss, and
certain other tax items at the close of the partnerships taxable year for both excise tax purposes
and general Subchapter M purposes, thus avoiding the problems arising from different taxable years.
A Funds receipt of a non-liquidating cash distribution from a partnership generally will result
in recognized gain (but not loss) only to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds
the Funds adjusted basis in shares of such partnership before the distribution. A Fund that
receives a liquidating cash distribution from a partnership will recognize capital gain or loss to
the extent of the difference between the proceeds received by the Fund and the Funds adjusted tax
basis in shares of such partnership; however, the Fund generally will recognize ordinary income,
rather than capital gain, to the extent that the Funds allocable share of unrealized receivables
(including any accrued but untaxed market discount) and substantially appreciated inventory, if
any, exceeds the Funds share of the basis in those unrealized receivables and substantially
appreciated inventory.
In addition, any transactions by a Fund in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt
obligations, or certain foreign currency options, futures contracts, or forward contracts (or
similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss
results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned and, as described earlier,
can give rise to differences in the Funds book and taxable income.
A Funds investments in certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), as defined below,
could subject the Fund to U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions
received from a PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in a PFIC, which tax
cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, a Fund may make
certain elections to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, a Fund may elect to treat a
PFIC as a qualified electing fund (QEF) (i.e., make a QEF election), in which case the Fund
will be required to include its share of the PFICs income and net capital gain annually,
regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC. Alternately, a Fund may make an
election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent the losses) in such holdings to the market as
though it had sold (and, solely for purposes of this mark-to-market election, repurchased) its
holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Funds taxable year. Such gains and losses are
treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may have the effect of
accelerating the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increasing the amount
required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections
therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not
advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the
recognition of gain and affect the Funds total return. A Fund that indirectly invests in PFICs by
virtue of the Funds investment in other investment companies may not make such elections; rather,
the underlying investment companies directly investing in PFICs would decide whether to make such
elections.
A PFIC is any foreign corporation in which (i) 75% or more of the gross income for the taxable year
is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets (generally by value, but by
adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce, or are held for the production of, passive
income is at least 50%. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest
(including
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income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from
certain property transactions and commodities transactions, income from certain notional principal
contracts, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include rents and
royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income received from
related persons.
Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.
A U.S. person, including a Fund, who owns (directly or indirectly) 10% or more of the total
combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a U.S. Shareholder for
purposes of the controlled foreign corporation (CFC) provisions of the Code. A CFC is a foreign
corporation that, on any day of its taxable year, is owned (directly, indirectly, or
constructively) more than 50% (measured by voting power or value) by U.S. Shareholders. From time
to time, a Fund may be a U.S. Shareholder in a CFC. As a U.S. Shareholder, a Fund is required to
include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes all of a CFCs subpart F income,
whether or not such income is actually distributed by the CFC, provided that the foreign
corporation has been a CFC for at least 30 uninterrupted days in the taxable year. Subpart F
income generally includes interest, OID, dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or
securities, receipts with respect to securities loans, and net payments received with respect to
equity swaps and similar derivatives. Subpart F income is treated as ordinary income, regardless
of the character of the CFCs underlying income. Net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year do
not flow through to an investing Fund and thus will not be available to offset income or capital
gain generated from that Funds other investments. To the extent a Fund invests in a CFC and
recognizes subpart F income in excess of actual distributions from the CFC, it may be required to
sell assets (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to generate the cash necessary to
distribute as dividends to its shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore to eliminate
any tax liability at the Fund level.
To the extent a Fund invests in municipal obligations, the interest on such municipal obligations
is generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax. However, the interest on municipal obligations
may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax both for individuals and corporations (e.g.,
in the case of interest earned on certain private activity bonds) and may be subject to state and
local taxes. Neither Fund expects to invest 50% or more of its assets in municipal obligations on
which the interest is exempt from U.S. federal income tax. As a result, neither Fund expects to be
eligible to pay exempt-interest dividends to its shareholders under the applicable tax rules. As
a result, interest on municipal obligations is taxable to shareholders of a Fund when received as a
distribution from the Fund. In addition, gains realized by a Fund on the sale or exchange of
municipal obligations are taxable to shareholders of the Fund.
Loss of RIC Status
A Fund may experience particular difficulty qualifying as a RIC, for example, in the case of highly
unusual market movements, or in the case of high redemption levels, and/or during the first year of
its operations. If a Fund were to not qualify for taxation as a RIC for any taxable year, the
Funds income would be taxed at the Fund level at regular corporate rates, and all distributions
from earnings and profits, including distributions of net long-term capital gains and net
tax-exempt income (if any), generally would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
74
Such distributions generally would be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in
the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends-received deduction in the
case of corporate shareholders, provided, in both cases, the shareholder meets certain holding
period and other requirements in respect of the Funds shares. In addition, in order to re-qualify
for taxation as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, a Fund may be required to recognize
unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest on such gains, and make certain substantial
distributions.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of a Funds shares of
$2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate
shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct
shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement,
but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the
current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact
that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of
whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax
advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual
circumstances.
State, Local, and Other Tax Matters
The foregoing discussion relates only to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in
the Funds for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations. The
consequences under other tax laws may differ. This discussion has not addressed all aspects of
taxation that may be relevant to particular shareholders in light of their own investment or tax
circumstances, or to particular types of shareholders (including insurance companies, financial
institutions or broker-dealers, tax-exempt entities, foreign corporations, and persons who are not
citizens or residents of the United States) subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal
income tax laws. This summary is based on the Code, the regulations thereunder, published rulings,
and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a
retroactive basis. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the precise tax
consequences of an investment in a Fund in light of their particular tax situation, including
possible foreign, state, local, or other applicable tax laws.
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified
plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the suitability of shares of a
Fund as an investment through such plans.
Additionally, most states permit mutual funds, such as the Funds, to pass through to their
shareholders the state tax exemption on income earned from investments in certain direct U.S.
Treasury obligations, as well as some limited types of U.S. government agency securities (such as
Federal Farm Credit Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank securities), so long as a Fund meets all
applicable state requirements. Therefore, shareholders in a Fund may be allowed to exclude from
their state income tax returns distributions made to them by the Fund to the extent attributable to
interest the Fund earned on such investments. The availability of these
75
exemptions varies by state. Investments in securities of certain U.S. government agencies,
including securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac, and repurchase agreements
collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do not qualify for these exemptions.
Moreover, these exemptions may not be available to corporate shareholders. All shareholders should
consult their tax advisors regarding the applicability of these exemptions to their situation.
TAXES:
ALTERNATIVE ASSET OPPORTUNITY FUND, SPECIAL PURPOSE
HOLDING FUND, SPECIAL SITUATIONS FUND,
WORLD OPPORTUNITY
OVERLAY FUND
The following tax section applies only with respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Special
Purpose Holding Fund, Special Situations Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay Fund.
The Funds shareholders are other Funds of the Trust and certain accredited investors. The
following summary does not discuss the tax consequences to the shareholders of those other Funds of
the Trust, of distributions by those other Funds to their shareholders, or of the sale of shares of
those other Funds by their shareholders. Shareholders of such Funds should consult the
prospectuses (or private placement memoranda) and statements of additional information of those
other Funds for a discussion of the tax consequences to them.
Fund Status
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, each Fund has elected to be treated as a partnership and not
as an association taxable as a corporation or a publicly traded partnership (as defined in Section
7704 of the Code) that is taxable as a corporation. In this regard, consistent with the treatment
of its assets and liabilities under the Trusts Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust and
Massachusetts law regarding business trusts, each Fund considers itself to be a separate business
entity from the other series of the Trust that should not be required to take into account the
assets, operations, or shareholders of other series of the Trust for U.S. federal income tax
purposes (e.g., for purposes of determining possible characterization as a publicly traded
partnership). To each Funds knowledge, the IRS has not taken a position (other than in certain
nonprecedential private letter rulings) with respect to the separate tax treatment of series of
Massachusetts business trusts that are treated as partnerships. The remainder of this discussion
assumes that each Fund will be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes
that is separate from each other series of the Trust.
As a partnership, each Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Instead, shareholders
will be subject to tax on their distributive shares of each Funds taxable income, gains, losses,
deductions, credits, and items of tax preference. Each Fund intends to monitor the number of its
shareholders so as not to be treated as a publicly traded partnership.
Tax Determinations, Requests for Information, Elections, and Tax Matters Partner
The Manager will have considerable authority to make decisions affecting the tax treatment and
procedural rights of shareholders. The Manager, at its option, will make all tax determinations
and oversee elections for each Fund, including, pursuant to Section 754 of the Code (as
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described more fully below), an election to adjust the basis of Fund property in the case of a
distribution of Fund property or a transfer of an interest in a Fund. The Manager will decide how
to report Fund items on the tax returns of each Fund, and all shareholders are required under the
Code to treat the items consistently on their own returns, unless they file a statement with the
IRS disclosing the inconsistency.
At the request of a Fund, shareholders may be required to provide the Fund with information about
the tax basis of their interest in the Fund upon a redemption or transfer of Fund shares.
The Manager, or, in the event that the Manager is not a shareholder of a Fund, such other
shareholder of the Fund as may be designated from time to time by the Manager, will be the Tax
Matters Partner, as defined in Section 6231 of the Code, for the Fund. In the event the income
tax return of a Fund is audited by the IRS, the tax treatment of a Funds income and deductions
generally is determined at the Fund level in unified proceedings before the IRS and the courts,
rather than in separate proceedings involving each shareholder. The Tax Matters Partner generally
will have the authority to negotiate, settle, or contest any proposed adjustments. An audit at the
Fund level may result in an extension of the three-year statute of limitations on assessments of
deficiencies with respect to Fund items included in shareholders returns. There can be no
assurance that the Fund will not be audited and that adjustments will not be made.
Taxation of Shareholders
Each shareholder will be required to take into account in computing its U.S. federal income tax
liability its allocable share of a Funds income, gains, losses, deductions, credits, and tax
preference items for any taxable year of the Fund ending with or within the taxable year of the
shareholder, without regard to whether it has received or will receive a cash distribution from the
Fund. In general, any cash distributions by the Fund to a shareholder will represent a nontaxable
return of capital up to the amount of the shareholders adjusted tax basis in its Fund shares. See
Distributions and Adjusted Basis below.
The amount of tax due, if any, with respect to gains and income of a Fund is determined separately
for each shareholder. Each Fund will be required to file an information return on IRS Form 1065
and, following the close of the Funds taxable year, to provide each shareholder with a Schedule
K-l indicating the shareholders allocable share of the Funds income, gains, losses, deductions,
credits, and items of tax preference. Each shareholder, however, is responsible for keeping its
own records for determining its tax basis in its Fund shares and calculating and reporting any gain
or loss resulting from a Fund distribution or redemption or other disposition of Fund shares.
Each Fund will use the accrual method of accounting to determine its net profits or net losses for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. To the extent consistent with applicable law, each Fund will
adopt a taxable year ending on the 28th day (or 29th day, as applicable) of February as its taxable
year for accounting and U.S. federal income tax purposes. In the event, however, that one or more
shareholders having an aggregate interest in Fund profits and capital of more than 50%, or all
shareholders having a 5% or greater interest in Fund profits or capital, have a different taxable
year, a Fund may be required to adopt the taxable year of those shareholders or otherwise change
77
its taxable year. Such an event may accelerate a shareholders recognition of its allocable share
of a Funds income, gains, loss, deduction, credits, and tax preference items.
Fund Allocations
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the income, gains, losses, deductions, credits, and items of
tax preference of each Fund are generally allocated among the shareholders so as to reflect, in the
judgment of the Manager, the interests of the shareholders in the Fund. The Manager, in
consultation with each Funds tax advisor, is authorized to select and modify allocations to comply
with applicable tax regulations, including, without limitation, the income tax regulations under
Sections 704, 734, 743, 754, and 755 of the Code, to make all tax elections and determinations, to
oversee all tax elections, and to make special allocations of specific items, including items of
gross income, gain, deduction, or loss. In addition, allocations of income, gains, deduction, or
loss to or from redeeming shareholders could result in shareholders (including the redeeming
shareholder) receiving more or less items of income, gain, deduction, or loss (and/or income, gain,
deduction, or loss of a different character) than they would in the absence of such allocations.
Some or all of the Funds allocations may not (and allocations described in the prior sentence
likely may not) have economic effect under Treasury Regulations, and a successful challenge by the
IRS of such allocations may result in the shareholders (including, in the case of redemptions,
redeeming shareholders and/or the remaining shareholders) recognizing currently greater income for
tax purposes.
In addition, each Fund expects to use an aggregate method to account for its so-called reverse
704(c) allocations. In general, Treasury Regulations permit such aggregate method to be used only
by certain securities partnerships and only with respect to qualified financial assets. A Fund
may fail to qualify to use the aggregate method, which could result in incremental administrative
expenses for the Fund, possible challenges by the IRS, and the possibility of some shareholders
recognizing more income and/or gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes than would otherwise be
the case.
By purchasing shares of a Fund, shareholders agree to be bound by these allocations, elections, and
determinations. The IRS may successfully challenge any of the foregoing, in which case a
shareholder may be allocated more or less of any tax item.
Distributions and Adjusted Basis
In general, a shareholders adjusted basis in its interest will initially equal the amount of cash
and, if any, the adjusted basis in other property the shareholder has contributed for the shares,
and will be increased by the shareholders proportionate share of Fund income and gains and
decreased (but not below zero) by the amount of cash distributions and the adjusted basis of any
property distributed from a Fund to the shareholder and the shareholders distributive share of
certain Fund expenses and losses. In addition, a shareholders basis includes the shareholders
share of a Funds liabilities, and decreases in the shareholders share of liabilities are treated
as cash distributions.
In general, a shareholder that receives cash in connection with the shareholders complete
withdrawal from a Fund will recognize capital gain or loss to the extent of the difference
78
between the proceeds received by the shareholder and the shareholders adjusted tax basis in its
shares immediately before the distribution. Gain or loss recognized as a result of a complete
withdrawal from a Fund generally will be short-term or long-term capital gain or loss depending on
the shareholders holding period for its shares in the Fund, except that a shareholder will
generally recognize ordinary income (regardless of whether there would be net gain on the
transaction and possibly in excess of net gain otherwise recognized) to the extent that the
shareholder receives a cash distribution for the shareholders allocable share of (i) previously
untaxed unrealized receivables (including any accrued but untaxed market discount) and (ii)
substantially appreciated inventory, if any. The basis attributable to any unrealized receivables
or substantially appreciated inventory might also affect the calculation of gain or loss from the
other assets held by the Fund. A shareholders receipt of a non-liquidating cash distribution from
a Fund generally will result in recognized gain (but not loss) only to the extent that the amount
of the distribution exceeds the shareholders adjusted basis in its Fund interest before the
distribution. If a shareholder acquired portions of its interest at different times or acquired
its entire interest in a single transaction subject to different holding periods, the shareholders
interest generally will have a divided holding period, which could cause the shareholder to
recognize more or less short-term and long-term capital gain than it would have with a single
holding period.
A shareholder generally will not recognize gain or loss on an in-kind distribution of property from
a Fund. If the distribution does not represent a complete liquidation of the shareholders shares,
the shareholders basis in the distributed property generally will equal the Funds adjusted tax
basis in the property, or, if less, the shareholders basis in its Fund shares before the
distribution. If the distribution is made in complete liquidation of the shareholders Fund
shares, the shareholder generally will take the assets with a tax basis equal to its adjusted tax
basis in its shares. Special rules apply to the distribution of property to a shareholder who
contributed other property to a Fund and to the distribution of such contributed property to
another shareholder. The tax laws generally require a partner in a partnership to recognize gain
on a distribution by the partnership of marketable securities to the extent that the value of such
securities exceeds the partners adjusted basis in its partnership interest. This requirement does
not apply, however, to distributions to eligible partners of an investment partnership, as
those terms are defined in the Code. It is intended that each Fund be operated so as to qualify as
an investment partnership, although there can be no assurance that it will so qualify. If a Fund
qualifies as an investment partnership, each shareholder should qualify as an eligible partner,
provided that such investor contributes only cash and certain other liquid property to the Fund.
A shareholder cannot deduct losses from a Fund in an amount greater than the shareholders adjusted
tax basis in its Fund shares as of the end of the Funds tax year. A shareholder may be able to
deduct such excess losses in subsequent tax years to the extent that the shareholders adjusted tax
basis for its shares exceeds zero in such years. See At Risk Rules, Limitations on a
Shareholders Deduction of Investment Expenses 2% Floor, Limitations on Shareholders
Deduction of Interest, Effect of Ownership of Tax-Exempt Obligations on Interest Deductions, and
Organizational Expenses below for other limitations on the deductibility of Fund losses and
certain expenses.
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There can be no assurance that Fund losses will produce a tax benefit in the year incurred or that
such losses will be available to offset a shareholders share of income in subsequent years.
Redemption Fees
The tax treatment of any redemption fee assessed by a Fund in connection with the redemption of
shares is unclear. There is a risk that the IRS will assert that all or a portion of such charge
constitutes taxable income to the Fund or to other shareholders. There can be no assurance that
the IRS would not prevail if it asserts such a position. See each Funds Fees and expenses table
in its Private Placement Memorandum for information concerning the redemption fees it charges (if
any).
Reimbursement of Fund Expenses
The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse each Fund for specified Fund expenses (as
described in each Private Placement Memorandum under the heading Fees and expenses). Although
each Fund expects to take the position that the reimbursement of Fund expenses by the Manager does
not result in income to the Fund, or indirectly to its shareholders, the IRS could challenge this
position and prevail, with the result that shareholders would recognize more income for U.S.
federal income tax purposes than would otherwise be the case.
Character and Timing of Income and Tax Implications of Certain Investments
A Funds income and gains, if any, may consist of ordinary income, short-term capital gains, and/or
long-term capital gains. Accordingly, shareholders should not expect that any portion of any
taxable income of a Fund will necessarily consist of long-term capital gains taxable at reduced
rates or qualified dividend income taxable to individuals at long-term capital gain rates. Further,
some or all of the taxable losses (if any) realized by the Fund in a taxable year may consist of
long-term or short-term capital losses, the deductibility of which is subject to certain
limitations.
In general, option premiums received by a Fund are not immediately included in the income of the
Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is
exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a
closing transaction). If an option written by a Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers
the underlying securities or other property, Fund shareholders generally will recognize capital
gain or loss equal to (i) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund
minus (ii) the Funds basis in the securities or other property. Such gain or loss generally will
be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying securities or other
property. If securities or other property are purchased by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a
put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis
in the securities or other property purchased. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of
a Funds obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and related sale
or delivery of the underlying securities or other property generally will be short-term gain or
loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the
amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option
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written by a Fund expires unexercised, Fund shareholders generally will recognize short-term gain
equal to the premium received.
Certain covered call writing activities of a Fund may trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle
rules of Section 1092 of the Code, requiring that losses be deferred and holding periods be tolled
on offsetting positions in options and stocks deemed to constitute substantially similar or related
property. Thus, the straddle rules could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term
capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise
constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction to
fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or to
fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.
The tax treatment of certain futures contracts entered into by a Fund as well as listed non-equity
options written or purchased by a Fund on U.S. exchanges (including options on futures contracts,
equity indices, and debt securities) will be governed by Section 1256 of the Code (Section 1256
contracts). Gains or losses on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and
40% short-term capital gains or losses (60/40), although certain foreign currency gains and
losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, Section 1256 contracts
held by a Fund at the end of each taxable year are marked to market, with the result that
unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss
is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.
In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions, a
Funds transactions in other derivative instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap agreements),
as well as any of its other hedging, short sales, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or
more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash-sale,
short-sale, and partner-to-partnership and partner-to-partner disguised sale rules). These rules
may affect whether gains and losses recognized by Fund shareholders are treated as ordinary or
capital and/or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to a Fund,
defer losses, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Funds securities. The rules
could therefore affect the amount, timing, and/or character of income, gains, losses, and other tax
items that are allocable to shareholders and could cause shareholders to be taxed on amounts not
representing economic income. In addition, because the tax rules applicable to derivative
financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or
future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be
retroactive) may cause changes in a shareholders allocation of any tax item, possibly for prior
tax years.
Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have not yet been
issued, but may apply retroactively, a portion of a Funds income (including income allocated to a
Fund from a U.S. REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in
a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be
subject to federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are
expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a partnership, such as the Funds, will be
allocated to shareholders of the partnership consistent with their allocation of
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other items of income, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest
directly.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating
losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute UBTI
to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a
Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such
an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income to file a tax return and pay tax on such
income, and (iii) in the case of a shareholder that is not a U.S. person within the meaning of the
Code, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. See Tax-Exempt
Shareholders below.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance
(and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of
issuance) that are acquired by a Fund will be treated as debt obligations that are issued
originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the OID is treated as interest income and is
included in a Funds taxable income and thus allocated to Fund shareholders over the term of the
debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when
the debt security matures. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which
is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the
security during the year.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance
that are acquired by a Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount.
Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a
debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or
principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt security.
Alternatively, the Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the discount
accrues (as ordinary income) ratably in equal daily installments or, if the Fund so elects, at a
constant (compound) interest rate. Either election will affect the character and timing of
recognition of income.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance that
are acquired by a Fund may be treated as having acquisition discount or OID. Generally, a Fund
will be required to include the acquisition discount or OID in income (as ordinary income) and thus
allocate such income to Fund shareholders over the term of the debt security, even though payment
of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The OID
or acquisition discount accrues ratably in equal daily installments or, if the Fund so elects, at a
constant (compound) interest rate. If the Fund elects the constant interest rate method, the
character and timing of recognition of income will differ from what they would have been under the
default pro rata method.
Increases in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond will be treated as OID. Decreases
in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond will reduce the amount of interest from the
debt instrument that would otherwise be includible in income. In addition, if the negative
inflation adjustment exceeds the income includible by a Fund with respect to the debt instrument
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(including any OID) for the taxable year, such excess will be an ordinary loss to the extent a
Funds total interest inclusions on the debt instrument in prior taxable years exceed the total
amount treated by the Fund as an ordinary loss on the debt instrument in prior taxable years. Any
remaining excess may be carried forward to reduce taxable income from the instrument in subsequent
years.
Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for a
Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the Fund
should recognize market discount on a debt obligation; when the Fund may cease to accrue interest,
OID, or market discount; when and to what extent the Fund may take deductions for bad debts or
worthless securities; and how the Fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default
between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as,
and if it invests in such securities.
If a Fund invests in shares of Underlying RICs, its income and gains will normally consist, in
part, of distributions from Underlying RICs and gains and losses on the disposition of shares of
Underlying RICs. The amount of income and capital gains realized by a Funds shareholders in
respect of the Funds investments in Underlying RICs may be greater than such amounts would have
been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by the Underlying RICs, rather than
investing in shares of the Underlying RICs. Similarly, the character of such income and gains
(e.g., long-term capital gain, eligibility for dividends-received deduction, etc.) will not
necessarily be the same as it would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held
by the Underlying RICs.
Depending on a Funds percentage ownership in an Underlying RIC both before and after a redemption
of Underlying RIC shares, the Funds redemption of shares of such Underlying RIC may cause the Fund
to be treated as receiving a dividend taxable as ordinary income on the full amount of the
distribution instead of being treated as realizing capital gain (or loss) on the redemption of the
shares of the Underlying RIC. This generally would be the case where the Fund holds a significant
interest in an Underlying RIC and redeems only a small portion of such interest. It is possible
that any such dividend would qualify as qualified dividend income taxable at long-term capital gain
rates; otherwise, it would be taxable as ordinary income.
Furthermore, certain of the Funds investments may be in entities that are treated as partnerships
for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and as such, the Fund would be required to take into account
its distributive share of such entities income, gains, losses, deductions, credits, and items of
tax preference. Consequently, the nature of the Funds income, gains, losses, deductions, credits,
and items of tax preference will largely depend on the activities and holdings of such partnerships
and references to the Funds tax items, activities, and holdings in this section generally include
the tax items, investments, and activities realized, held, or conducted, as applicable, by the Fund
directly or through such partnerships.
Due to potential timing differences between income recognition for tax purposes and actual cash
distributions, it is possible that a shareholder could incur tax liabilities in excess of actual
cash distributions made prior to the date the liability arises or the tax is due. To the extent a
Fund does not generally make distributions to its shareholders (see Distributions above), a
83
shareholders tax liability relating to the Fund is expected to exceed amounts distributed to the
shareholder in a particular year.
If eligible, a Fund may, in the discretion of the Manager (in consultation with its tax advisors),
make the election described in Section 475(f) of the Code (the mark-to-market election). If a
Fund makes the mark-to-market election, the rules described in this section will generally not
apply to the Funds transactions and the Fund instead will generally be required to recognize
ordinary gain or loss on many (or all) of its securities at the end of each taxable year as if the
Fund had sold such securities for their fair market value on the last business day of such taxable
year. The Manager currently does not expect to make the mark-to-market election, but may determine
to do so in the future.
Effect of Straddle and Wash Sale Rules on Shareholders Securities Positions
The IRS may treat certain positions in securities held (directly or indirectly) by a shareholder
and its indirect interest in similar securities held by reason of its investment in a Fund as
straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The application of the straddle rules in such a
case could affect a shareholders holding period for the securities involved and may defer the
recognition of losses with respect to such securities. A loss a shareholder otherwise would
realize upon a disposition of securities held either directly or indirectly (including through a
Fund) may be disallowed in part or in whole if substantially identical securities were purchased
either directly by the shareholder or indirectly (including through the Fund) within 30 days before
or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased securities will be
adjusted to reflect the loss.
At Risk Rules
The Code further limits the deductibility of losses by certain taxpayers (such as individuals and
certain closely held corporations) from a given activity to the amount which the taxpayer is at
risk in the activity. Losses which cannot be deducted by a shareholder because of the at risk
rules may be carried over to subsequent years until such time as they are allowable. The amount
which a shareholder will be considered to have at risk generally will be the purchase price of its
interest plus the shareholders cumulative share of Fund income and gains, and certain liabilities
that are recourse to the shareholder, minus the shareholders cumulative share of Fund expenses,
losses, and distributions. The at risk limitations may be applied on an activity by activity
basis with limited or no aggregation. There can be no assurance that a Funds losses allocable to
a shareholder which are suspended by the at risk rules will be available to offset a
shareholders income and gains in subsequent years.
Passive Activity Loss Limitations
The Code further limits the deductibility of losses and expenses by non-corporate taxpayers from
activities in which the taxpayer does not materially participate. Generally, loss from such
passive activities may not be deducted from non-passive income. To the extent that the total
deductions from passive activities exceed the total income from passive activities for a tax year,
the excess (the passive activity loss) is not allowed for that year and is carried forward as a
deduction from income from passive activities in subsequent years. No Fund expects to generate
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a significant amount of income from activities that constitute passive activities subject to these
rules. However, there can be no assurance in this regard.
Limitations on Dividends-Received Deduction and Qualified Dividend Income
For corporate shareholders (other than S corporations), the corporate dividends-received deduction
will generally apply (subject to holding period and other requirements imposed by the Code) to
their proportionate share of dividend income received by a Fund from its investments in U.S.
corporations. No Fund anticipates that a significant percentage of the dividends received by the
Fund will qualify for the dividends-received deduction.
A portion of the OID on certain high yield discount obligations may not be deductible to the
issuer. If a portion of the OID on certain high yield discount obligations is not deductible, that
portion will be treated as a dividend for purposes of the corporate dividends-received deduction.
In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, the
deemed dividend portion of such OID may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction when
allocated to a corporate shareholder.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, qualified dividend income received by an
individual will be taxed at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain for such individual,
provided the individual meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the
underlying securities generating such income. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend
this provision to tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. Dividends paid by foreign
corporations will not qualify as qualified dividend income unless, among other things, (i) the
corporation paying the dividend is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty
with the United States or (ii) the dividend is paid on stock of such a foreign corporation that is
readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. In addition, dividends
will not be qualified dividend income if paid by a foreign corporation that is a PFIC. No Fund
anticipates that a significant percentage of the dividends received by the Fund will qualify as
qualified dividend income.
Dividends received by a Fund from a U.S. REIT will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction
and generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.
Limitations on Shareholders Deduction of Interest
Section 163(d) of the Code imposes limitations on the deductibility of investment interest by
non-corporate taxpayers. Investment interest is defined as interest paid or accrued on
indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase properties to be held for investment. Investment
interest is deductible only to the extent of net investment income (i.e., investment income less
investment expenses). Investment interest which cannot be deducted for any year because of the
foregoing limitation may be carried forward and allowed as a deduction in a subsequent year to the
extent the taxpayer has net investment income in such year. Because all or substantially all of
the income or loss of a Fund is expected to be treated as arising from property held for
investment, any interest expense incurred by a shareholder to purchase or carry its shares in the
Fund and its allocable share of interest expense incurred by the Fund may be subject to the
investment interest limitations.
85
Limitations on a Shareholders Deduction of Investment Expenses 2% Floor
Depending on the nature of its activities, a Fund may be deemed to be either an investor or trader
in securities, or both if the Fund engages in multiple activities. If a Fund is deemed to be an
investor, certain Fund fees and expenses (including, without limitation, the Management Fees) will
be treated as miscellaneous itemized deductions of the Fund for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
An individual taxpayer and certain trusts or estates that hold interests in a Fund (directly or
through certain pass-through entities, including a partnership, a nonpublicly offered RIC, a
Subchapter S corporation, or a grantor trust) may deduct such fees and expenses in a taxable year
only to the extent they exceed 2% of the taxpayers adjusted gross income, but only if the
shareholder itemizes deductions. In addition, in the case of individuals whose adjusted gross
income exceeds a certain inflation adjusted threshold, the aggregate itemized deductions allowable
for the year will be reduced by the lesser of (i) 3% of the excess of adjusted gross income over
the applicable threshold or (ii) 80% of the aggregate itemized deductions otherwise allowable for
the taxable year (the overall limitation on itemized deductions) (this limitation being applied
after giving effect to the 2% floor described above and any other applicable limitations).
However, the U.S. Treasury Department has issued regulations prohibiting the deduction through the
Funds (as partnerships) of amounts which would be nondeductible if paid directly by an individual.
These limitations may apply to certain fees and expenses of a Fund, such as the Management Fees,
and may also apply to certain types of payments made by a Fund under a swap agreement. The amounts
of these fees and expenses will be separately reported to the shareholders and, as indicated above,
if the Fund is deemed an investor, will be deductible by an individual shareholder to the extent
that the shareholders miscellaneous deductions exceed 2% of the shareholders adjusted gross
income, subject further, if applicable, to the overall limitation on itemized deductions described
above.
The overall limitation on itemized deductions is subject to a phase out for taxable years beginning
in calendar years 2006 through 2009, after which time the limitation will no longer apply.
However, the legislation enacting this phase out is scheduled to expire and the overall limitation
on itemized deductions is scheduled to return to pre-2006 levels for taxable years beginning after
December 31, 2010, unless Congress enacts tax legislation providing otherwise. It is currently
unclear whether Congress will enact such legislation.
If a Fund is deemed to be a trader in securities, the 2% floor and the overall limitation on
itemized deductions will not apply. Whether a Fund will be treated as a trader or investor will be
determined annually based upon an examination of the Funds trading practices.
Organizational Expenses
Certain organizational and offering expenses of a Fund are paid by the Manager. Given this fact,
the IRS could take the position that some portion of the Management Fee payable to the Manager
represents a reimbursement of such expenses paid by the Manager and therefore require that such
amounts be amortized or capitalized. It is not clear whether such a position would prevail in
court. If such expenses were treated as paid by the Fund, an election may be made by the Fund
86
to amortize organizational expenses over a 180-month period. However, offering expenses must be
capitalized and cannot be amortized or otherwise deducted.
Sale or Exchange of Partnership Property
Subject to the discussion above, gains or losses from the disposition of Fund property (including
sales of a Funds interests in other pooled investment vehicles) not held primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business generally should be treated as capital
gains or losses. The Fund might also realize capital gains or losses upon the modification of a
debt instrument or default of an issuer. These capital gains and losses may be long-term or
short-term depending, in general, upon the length of time the Fund holds the property. Property
held (or deemed held) for more than one year generally will be eligible for long-term capital gain
or loss treatment. The deductibility of capital losses may, however, be limited.
In the case of individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers, long-term capital gains generally are
taxed at a lower U.S. federal tax rate than ordinary income. Net capital gains of corporations are
currently taxed the same as ordinary income. The Manager does not have a duty to notify
shareholders if this (or any other) law changes.
The distinction between capital gains and ordinary income is significant not only with respect to
the maximum tax rate differential for individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers, but also with
regard to the rules concerning the offsetting of capital gains and losses. In general, capital
losses are allowed as an offset only against capital gains. If an individual (or other
non-corporate taxpayer) has a net capital loss, the first $3,000 may generally offset ordinary
income, and the excess may be carried forward (but not back) indefinitely and applied first against
capital gains, and then against ordinary income up to $3,000, in each succeeding year.
Corporations may only offset capital losses against capital gains and may also be subject to other
rules that limit the use of losses in a particular taxable year, and the excess may be carried back
for three years and carried forward for up to five years.
Alternative Minimum Tax
Both individual and corporate taxpayers could be subject to an alternative minimum tax (AMT) if
the AMT exceeds the income tax otherwise payable by the taxpayer for the year. Due to the
complexity of the AMT calculations, investors should consult with their tax advisors as to whether
the purchase of Fund shares might create or increase AMT liability.
Foreign Currency Transactions
A Fund may engage in transactions where the portion of the gain or loss attributable to currency
fluctuations will be treated as ordinary income or loss. In general, where some or all of the
amount that a Fund is entitled to receive or required to pay in a Section 988 Transaction is
denominated in (or determined by reference to) a currency other than the U.S. dollar, the foreign
currency gain or loss attributable to the transaction and allocated to shareholders is generally
calculated separately from any gain or loss on the underlying transaction and treated as ordinary
rather than capital. These transactions include, but are not limited to, the following: acquiring
or becoming the obligor under a debt instrument; accruing or otherwise taking into account any
87
item of expense or gross income or receipts that is to be paid or received at a later date; and
entering into or acquiring any forward contract, futures contract, option, or similar financial
instrument. In general, the gain or loss from the disposition of non-functional currency is also
treated as gain or loss from a Section 988 Transaction. A Fund may elect to treat gains or losses
from certain foreign currency contracts as capital gains or losses.
Tax Implications of Investment in a Subsidiary (Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and Special
Situations Fund only)
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund does and Special Situations Fund may invest a portion of its
assets in one or more wholly owned foreign subsidiaries (each a Subsidiary) that are (or will be)
classified as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes. It is expected that each
Subsidiary will neither be subject to taxation on its net income in the same manner as a
corporation formed in the United States nor subject to branch profits tax on the income and gain
derived from its activities in the United States. A foreign corporation will generally not be
subject to such taxation unless it is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. Each
Subsidiary conducts (or intends to conduct) its activities in a manner so as to meet the
requirements of a safe harbor under Section 864(b)(2) of the Code (the Safe Harbor), pursuant to
which each Subsidiary, provided it is not a dealer in securities or commodities, may engage in the
following activities without being deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business: (i) engage in
the United States in trading securities (including contracts or options to buy or sell securities)
for its own account; and (ii) engage in the United States in trading, for its own account,
commodities that are of a kind customarily dealt in on an organized commodity exchange [] if the
transaction is of a kind customarily consummated at such place. Thus, each Subsidiarys
securities and commodities trading activities should not constitute a U.S. trade or business.
However, if certain of a Subsidiarys activities were determined to be not of the type described in
the Safe Harbor or if a Subsidiarys gains were attributable to investments in securities that
constitute USRPIs (which is not expected), then the activities of such Subsidiary may constitute a
U.S. trade or business.
In general, a foreign corporation that does not conduct a U.S. trade or business is nonetheless
subject to tax at a flat rate of 30% (or lower tax treaty rate), generally payable through
withholding, on the gross amount of certain U.S.-source income that is not effectively connected
with a U.S. trade or business. There is presently no tax treaty in force between the United States
and the jurisdiction in which any Subsidiary is (or would be) resident that would reduce this rate
of withholding tax. Income subject to such a flat tax is of a fixed or determinable annual or
periodic nature and includes dividends and interest income. Certain types of income are
specifically exempted from the 30% tax and thus withholding is not required on payments of such
income to a foreign corporation. The 30% tax does not apply to U.S.-source capital gains (whether
long-term or short-term) or to interest paid to a foreign corporation on its deposits with U.S.
banks. The 30% tax also does not apply to interest which qualifies as portfolio interest. The
term portfolio interest generally includes interest (including OID) on an obligation in registered
form which has been issued after July 18, 1984, and with respect to which the person, who would
otherwise be required to deduct and withhold the 30% tax, received the required statement that the
beneficial owner of the obligation is not a U.S. person within the meaning of the Code. Under
certain circumstances, interest on bearer obligations may also be considered portfolio interest.
88
Each Subsidiary is (or will be) wholly owned by a Fund. A U.S. person who owns (directly or
indirectly) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign
corporation is a U.S. Shareholder for purposes of the controlled foreign corporation (CFC)
provisions of the Code. A CFC is a foreign corporation that, on any day of its taxable year, is
owned (directly, indirectly, or constructively) more than 50% (measured by voting power or value)
by U.S. Shareholders. Because Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and Special Situations Fund each
is a U.S. person that owns (or will own) all of the stock of a Subsidiary, the applicable Fund is
(or will be) a U.S. Shareholder and the Subsidiary is (or will be) a CFC. As a U.S. Shareholder,
the Fund is (or will be) required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes
all of each Subsidiarys subpart F income (defined, in part, below), whether or not such income
is actually distributed by a Subsidiary, provided that the Subsidiary has been a CFC for at 30
least uninterrupted days in the taxable year.
It is expected that all of each Subsidiarys income will be subpart F income. Subpart F income
generally includes interest, OID, dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or
securities, receipts with respect to securities loans, and net payments received with respect to
equity swaps and similar derivatives. In particular, subpart F income also includes the excess of
gains over losses from transactions (including futures, forward, and similar transactions) in any
commodities. Subpart F income is generally treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character
of the Subsidiarys underlying income. A Funds recognition of a Subsidiarys subpart F income (as
ordinary income) will increase the Funds tax basis in the Subsidiary. Distributions by a
Subsidiary to a Fund, including any distributions made in redemption of interests of the Subsidiary
to the Fund, generally will be tax-free to the Fund to the extent of the Subsidiarys previously
taxed but undistributed subpart F income, and will correspondingly reduce the Funds tax basis in
the Subsidiary (but not below zero), with any amount in excess of such basis generally taxable to
the Fund as capital gain. Net losses incurred by a Subsidiary during a tax year do not flow
through to a Fund and thus will not be available to offset income or capital gain generated from
other Fund investments.
In general, each U.S. Shareholder is required to file IRS Form 5471 with its U.S. federal income
tax (or information) returns providing information about its ownership of the CFC and the CFC. In
addition, a U.S. Shareholder may in certain circumstances be required to report a disposition of
shares in a Subsidiary by attaching IRS Form 5471 to its U.S. federal income tax (or information)
return that it would normally file for the taxable year in which the disposition occurs. In
general, these filing requirements will apply to investors of a Fund if an investor is a U.S.
person who owns directly, indirectly, or constructively (within the meaning of Sections 958(a) and
(b) of the Code) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of voting stock of a
foreign corporation that is a CFC for an uninterrupted period of 30 days or more during any tax
year of the foreign corporation, and who owned that stock on the last day of that year.
Legislation has been proposed from time to time in Congress that could cause a Subsidiary to be
subject to U.S. federal income tax on its income and gains. Under one bill proposed in 2009,
generally, a foreign corporation that is managed and controlled primarily within the United
States would be taxed as a U.S. corporation if it is publicly traded or has more than $50 million
89
in gross assets in the current or any preceding taxable year. Under regulations to be prescribed
by the Treasury, a corporation will be treated as managed and controlled primarily within the
United States if the corporations assets consist primarily of assets managed on behalf of
investors and decisions about how to invest the assets are made in the United States. The tax
treatment of such foreign corporations would be effective for taxable years beginning two years
after the date of enactment of the proposed legislation. It is not clear whether or in what form
the proposed legislation will be enacted as well as what its effective date would be.
Certain Tax Considerations Relating to Certain Foreign Investments
Certain other foreign investments of a Fund, including investments in CFCs and PFICs, may cause a
U.S. shareholder to recognize taxable income prior to the Funds receipt of distributable proceeds,
pay an interest charge on receipts that are deemed to have been deferred, or recognize ordinary
income that otherwise would have been treated as capital gain. It is not expected that a
shareholders indirect interest in a Funds investment in a foreign corporation (other than a
Subsidiary) will equal 10% of the voting power of the foreign corporation by reason of a Funds
share of such an investment. Each Fund has not committed to provide information about its
investments that may be needed to complete any reporting requirements. Shareholders are urged to
consult their own tax advisors with respect to these reporting requirements.
A Fund may make investments that subject the Fund and/or shareholders directly or indirectly to
taxation and/or tax filing obligations in foreign jurisdictions, including withholding taxes on
dividends, interest, and capital gains. In particular, a Funds foreign investments may cause some
of the income or gains of the Fund to be subject to withholding or other taxes of foreign
jurisdictions, and could result in taxation on net income attributed to the jurisdiction if the
Fund were considered to be conducting a trade or business in the applicable country through a
permanent establishment or otherwise. Such foreign taxes and/or tax filing obligations may be
reduced or eliminated by applicable income tax treaties, although shareholders should be aware that
a Fund may not be entitled to claim reduced withholding rates on foreign taxes or may choose not to
assert any such claim. The tax consequences to shareholders may depend in part on the direct and
indirect activities and investments of a Fund. Accordingly, the Fund will be limited in its
ability to avoid adverse foreign tax consequences resulting from the Funds underlying investments.
Furthermore, some shareholders may not be eligible for certain or any treaty benefits. Subject to
applicable limitations, a shareholder may be entitled to claim, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, a credit for its allocable share of any foreign tax incurred by a Fund, including
withholding taxes, so long as such foreign tax qualifies as a creditable income tax under the
applicable Treasury regulations. Alternatively, a shareholder may elect to deduct its share of
such foreign taxes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Certain Reporting Requirements
A shareholder may be subject to certain reporting requirements that require it to file information
returns with the IRS with respect to certain transfers of cash or property by a Fund to a foreign
partnership. The shareholder will be relieved of these reporting requirements if the Fund reports
the transfer. It is the intention of each Fund to report such transfers. In addition, in certain
cases, a U.S. shareholder who owns or acquires, directly or indirectly through a Fund, a 10% or
greater
90
interest in a foreign partnership must report its interest in the foreign partnership and/or
certain acquisitions, dispositions, or proportional changes in its interest in the foreign
partnership.
A U.S. shareholder also may be required to report transfers of cash by a Fund to a foreign
corporation if the U.S. shareholder holds, through the Fund as well as directly or by attribution,
10% of the voting power of the foreign corporation, or the U.S. shareholder and persons related to
the U.S. shareholder have transferred, directly or indirectly, $100,000 to the foreign corporation
in a tax-free transfer. Under current regulations, this reporting must be made by a Funds U.S.
shareholders and may not be satisfied by the Fund. In addition, a shareholder that acquires,
directly or indirectly through a Fund, 10% by vote or value of the stock of a foreign corporation
must report certain acquisitions or dispositions of, or proportional changes of, its interest in
the foreign corporation. Certain other non-cash transfers by a Fund to foreign corporations may
trigger reporting requirements for shareholders treated as owning 5% or more of the foreign
corporation. It is not expected that a shareholders indirect interest in a Funds investment in a
foreign corporation (other than a Subsidiary) will equal 10% of the voting power of the foreign
corporation by reason of the Funds share of such an investment. Shareholders that are U.S.
persons may also be subject to filing requirements with respect to a Funds direct or indirect
investment in a foreign corporation classified as a PFIC regardless of the size of the
shareholders investment.
None of the Funds have committed to provide information (other than any information that the Fund
is required to provide by U.S. law) about Fund investments that may be needed to complete any
reporting requirements. The above discussion of U.S. reporting requirements is primarily directed
at U.S. persons. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to these
reporting requirements.
Effect of Ownership of Tax-Exempt Obligations on Interest Deductions
Section 265(a)(2) of the Code disallows any deductions for interest paid by a taxpayer on
indebtedness incurred or continued for the purpose of purchasing or carrying tax-exempt obligations
(e.g., certain municipal obligations). The IRS stated, in Revenue Procedure 72-18, 1972-1 C.B.
740, that indebtedness incurred to finance a portfolio investment when the taxpayers portfolio
also includes tax-exempt assets, either directly or indirectly, will be deemed, in part, to be for
the purpose of purchasing or carrying such tax-exempt obligation. Thus, if a shareholder holds
tax-exempt obligations, either directly or indirectly through a Fund, the IRS might take the
position that any interest paid, directly or indirectly, by the shareholder on indebtedness
incurred to enable it to purchase investments should be viewed as incurred to enable the
shareholder to continue carrying tax-exempt obligations. As a result, the IRS might argue that the
shareholder should not be allowed to deduct the full amount of interest incurred. In addition,
pursuant to Revenue Procedure 72-18, each shareholder will be treated as incurring its share of any
indebtedness incurred by a Fund. Therefore, a shareholder owning tax-exempt obligations could be
denied a deduction for its share of any interest expense incurred by a Fund to purchase securities
or other portfolio investments.
91
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Under current U.S. federal income tax law, tax-exempt shareholders are generally exempt from U.S.
federal income tax except to the extent that they have UBTI. A Fund may generate income that is
UBTI in the hands of tax-exempt shareholders. To the extent that a shareholder has borrowed to
finance an interest in a Fund or a Fund holds property that constitutes debt-financed property
(e.g., securities purchased on margin) or property primarily for sale to customers (dealer
property), income attributable to such property allocated to a shareholder that is an exempt
organization may constitute UBTI (but only as to that portion of property that is treated as
debt-financed). Certain of a Funds other investments or activities may also generate UBTI (e.g.,
investments in operating pass-through entities). Furthermore, the IRS may take the position that
certain of a Funds investments in derivative instruments should be reclassified in a manner that
gives rise to UBTI. If a Fund generates UBTI, a tax-exempt shareholder of the Fund generally would
be required to file a tax return and could incur tax liability on its allocable share of that UBTI.
The characterization of certain income of a Fund as UBTI may depend in part on the nature of the
underlying investments made by entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax
purposes in which the Fund may invest.
Moreover, a charitable remainder trust, as defined in Section 664 of the Code, that realizes UBTI
during a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to 100% of such UBTI.
Tax-exempt shareholders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the possible effects of
UBTI on their own tax situations as well as the general tax implications of an investment in a
Fund.
Termination of a Fund
In general, if within a 12-month period there is a sale or exchange of 50% or more of the interests
in a Funds capital and profits (other than by redemption by the Fund), a termination of the Fund
will occur for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and the taxable year of the Fund will close. If
such a termination were to occur, the Fund would be deemed to contribute all of its assets and
liabilities to a new partnership, and, immediately thereafter, the Fund would be deemed to
distribute interests in the new partnership to the purchasing shareholder and the continuing
shareholders in proportion to their respective interests in the Fund in liquidation of the Fund.
Such a termination could result in the acceleration of Fund income for that year to shareholders
and could generate other adverse tax consequences to some or all shareholders. Shareholders should
refer to the above section titled Distributions and Adjusted Basis for a discussion of the
treatment of distributions from the Fund. There are restrictions on a shareholders ability to
assign or transfer its Fund shares, in whole or in part.
Withholding
The Manager, in its discretion, may withhold and pay any taxes with respect to any shareholder. In
such case, a shareholder will be deemed for all purposes to have received a payment from a Fund as
of the time each such withholding is paid by the Fund, which payment will be considered a loan from
the Fund to the shareholder. In the Managers discretion, any such taxes may be withheld from any
distribution otherwise payable to the shareholder, or alternatively, will
92
be repayable by the shareholder upon demand. In the discretion of the Manager, any such loan will
bear interest at the then applicable federal short-term rate as defined by the Code and the
Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, from the date the loan is deemed to be made until its
date of repayment or discharge.
Under the backup withholding rules, a Fund (or in the case of shares held through an intermediary,
the intermediary) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of
the taxable distributions paid to and proceeds of share sales, exchanges, or redemptions made by
any individual shareholder (including any foreign individual) who fails to furnish the Fund (or the
intermediary) with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported dividends or
interest income, or who fails to certify that he or she is a U.S. person and is not subject to such
withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is 28% for amounts paid through 2010. This rate will
expire and the backup withholding rate will be 31% for amounts paid after December 31, 2010, unless
Congress enacts tax legislation providing otherwise. Any tax withheld as a result of backup
withholding does not constitute an additional tax imposed on the record owner of the account, and
may be claimed as a credit on the record owners U.S. federal income tax return, provided the
appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.
U.S. Tax Shelter Rules
A Fund may engage in transactions or make investments that would subject the Fund, its
shareholders, and/or its material advisors, as defined in Treas. Reg. Sec. 301.6112-1(c)(1), to
special rules requiring such transactions or investments by the Fund or investments in the Fund to
be reported and/or otherwise disclosed to the IRS, including to the IRSs Office of Tax Shelter
Analysis (the Tax Shelter Rules). A transaction may be subject to reporting or disclosure if it
is described in any of several categories of reportable transactions in Treas. Reg. Sec.
1.6011-4(b), which include, among others, transactions that result in the incurrence of a loss or
losses exceeding certain thresholds or that are offered under conditions of confidentiality. In
particular, an individual shareholder may be deemed to engage in a loss transaction where its
allocable share of losses derived from Section 988 Transactions exceeds $50,000 in a taxable year.
Although each Fund does not expect to engage in transactions solely or principally for the purpose
of achieving a particular tax consequence, there can be no assurance that a Fund will not engage in
transactions that trigger the Tax Shelter Rules. In addition, a shareholder may have disclosure
obligations with respect to its shares in a Fund if the shareholder (or the Fund in certain cases)
participates in a reportable transaction.
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors about their obligation to report or disclose to
the IRS information about their investment in a Fund and participation in a Funds income, gain,
loss, deduction, or credit with respect to transactions or investments subject to these rules.
In
addition, pursuant to these rules, a Fund may provide to its material advisors identifying
information about the Funds shareholders and their participation in the Fund and the Funds
income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit from those transactions or investments, and the Fund or
its material advisors may disclose this information to the IRS upon its request. Significant
penalties may apply for failure to comply with these rules.
Under U.S. federal tax law, if a Fund (or any fund in which a Fund directly or indirectly invests)
engages in certain tax shelter transactions, a tax-exempt shareholder could be subject to an excise
93
tax equal to the highest corporate tax rate times the greater of (i) the shareholders net income
from the transactions or (ii) 75% of the proceeds attributable to the shareholder from the
transactions. If such a tax-exempt shareholder knew or had reason to know that a transaction was a
prohibited tax shelter transaction, a substantially higher excise tax could be applicable. In
addition, such tax-exempt shareholders could be subject to certain disclosure requirements, and
penalties could apply if such tax-exempt shareholders do not comply with such disclosure
requirements. There can be no assurance that the Funds (or any fund in which a Fund directly or
indirectly invests) will not engage or be deemed to engage in prohibited tax shelter transactions.
The excise tax does not apply to tax-exempt investors that are pension plans, although certain
penalties applicable to entity managers (as defined in Section 4965(d) of the Code) might still
apply. Tax-exempt shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding these provisions.
In certain circumstances, a Fund and/or a Funds tax advisor may make special disclosures to the
IRS of certain positions taken by the Fund.
Tax Elections
A Fund may make various elections for U.S. federal income tax purposes which could result in
certain items of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit being treated differently for tax and
accounting purposes.
Elective and Mandatory Basis Adjustment of Partnership Property
Under Section 754 of the Code, each Fund generally may elect to adjust the basis of its assets in
the event of certain distributions to a shareholder, or a transfer of Fund shares from a
shareholder to a new or existing shareholder. Such an election, if made, could either increase or
decrease the value of the shares of the remaining shareholders or the transferee, respectively,
because the election would increase or decrease the basis of the Funds assets for purposes of
computing the shareholders or transferees distributive share of Fund income, gains, losses, and
deductions.
A Fund also must make these basis adjustments as though the Fund had made the Section 754 elections
described above in the case of (i) a transfer of Fund shares, if the Fund has a built-in loss of
more than $250,000 immediately following the transfer; or (ii) a distribution of Fund property, if
the recipient acquires a basis in the property that exceeds by more than $250,000 the basis the
Fund had in the property, or a distribution where the distributee shareholder recognizes a loss of
more than $250,000. To determine whether the mandatory basis adjustment rules will be triggered
upon a shareholders transfer or withdrawal from a Fund, the Fund may request that the shareholder
provide certain information, including information regarding the shareholders tax basis in its
interest in the Fund. The Fund may make mandatory basis adjustments under these rules as a result
of transfers of an interest or upon certain distributions of Fund property. As a result, some or
all of shareholders distributive shares of Fund income, gains, losses, and deductions may be
adjusted in accordance with these rules.
94
Certain Tax Considerations for RIC Shareholders
Special tax considerations apply to shareholders of a Fund that intend to qualify for the special
tax treatment accorded RICs (each, a RIC Shareholder) under Subchapter M of the Code. In order
to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, a RIC Shareholder
must, among other things:
(a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to
certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or
foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or
forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or
currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships
(as described below) (the Good Income Test);
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of a Funds taxable year, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S.
government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in respect of any one
issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and not more than 10%
of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the
Funds total assets is invested (A) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or
other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged
in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (B) in the securities of one or more
qualified publicly traded partnerships, as defined below (the Asset Test); and
(c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company
taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends
paidgenerally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains
over net long-term capital losses) and net tax-exempt interest income for such year (the
Distribution Requirement).
If a RIC Shareholder fails to distribute in a calendar year substantially all of its ordinary
income for such year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period
ending October 31 (or later if a RIC Shareholder is permitted to elect and so elects), plus any
retained amount from the prior year, the RIC Shareholder would be subject to a nondeductible 4%
excise tax on the undistributed amounts (the Excise Tax).
For purposes of the Good Income Test described in paragraph (a) above, income derived from a Fund
will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of
income of the Fund which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC Shareholder in
the same manner as realized by the Fund. However, 100% of the net income derived by the Fund from
an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined generally as a partnership (i)
interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a
secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, (ii) that derives at least 90% of its
income from passive income sources defined in Section 7704(d) of the Code, and (iii) that derives
less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) of the Good
Income Test above) that is allocable to a RIC Shareholder will be treated as qualifying income for
purposes of the RIC Shareholders Good Income Test.
95
Income a Fund derives from certain of its investments in derivatives related to commodities and
commodities indexes generally will not be considered good income for the purposes of the Good
Income Test. This may limit the extent to which a Fund invests in such contracts.
Further, some Funds may make extensive use of various types of derivative financial instruments.
The tax rules applicable to derivative financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under
current law, including under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, an adverse determination
concerning a Funds or a RIC Shareholders treatment of such transactions or future guidance by the
IRS with respect to one or more of these rules (which determination or guidance could be
retroactive) could adversely affect a RIC Shareholders ability to meet one or more of the relevant
requirements to maintain its qualification as a RIC, as well as to avoid a fund-level tax.
A RIC Shareholder will be required to include its distributive share, whether or not actually
distributed by a Fund, of the Funds income, gains, losses, and certain other items for any Fund
taxable year ending within the RIC Shareholders taxable year. In general, a RIC Shareholder will
not recognize its distributive share of these tax items until the close of the Funds taxable year.
However, absent the availability of an exception, a RIC Shareholder will recognize its
distributive shares of these items as they are recognized by the Fund for purposes of determining
its liability for the Excise Tax. Therefore, if a Fund and a RIC Shareholder have different
taxable years, the RIC Shareholder may be obligated to make distributions in excess of the net
income and gains recognized from the Fund and yet be unable to avoid the Excise Tax because it is
without sufficient earnings and profits at the end of its taxable year to make a dividend. In some
cases, however, the RIC Shareholder can take advantage of certain safe harbors which would allow it
to include its distributive share of a Funds income, gains, losses, and certain other items at the
close of the Funds taxable year for both Excise Tax purposes and general Subchapter M purposes,
thus avoiding the problems arising from different taxable years.
With respect to shareholders in the Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and the Special Situations
Fund only, RIC Shareholders should generally be entitled to treat the portion of income recognized
by the Fund as a result of its investment in a Subsidiary as qualifying income for purposes of the
Income Test. There is a risk, however, that the IRS could prevail in asserting that (i) a
Subsidiary should be disregarded as a separate entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (ii) a
Fund should be treated as recognizing income of a Subsidiary directly, or (iii) the acquisition of
control of a Subsidiary by a Fund had the principal purpose of evading or avoiding U.S. federal
income tax. Such a determination could cause some or all of the income derived from a Funds
investment in a Subsidiary to fail to be treated as qualifying income in the hands of a RIC
Shareholder. Each Fund believes that the risk of such a determination is remote.
Certain Tax Considerations for Foreign Investors
The U.S. federal income tax treatment of a nonresident alien, foreign corporation, foreign
partnership, foreign estate, or foreign trust (foreign investor) investing as a shareholder in a
Fund is complex and will vary depending upon the circumstances of the shareholder and the
activities of the Fund, the Manager, and the Tax Matters Partner. This discussion does not address
the tax considerations that may be relevant to foreign investors who are subject to U.S.
96
federal income tax independent of their direct or indirect investment in a Fund. Each foreign
investor is urged to consult with its own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, state, local,
and foreign tax treatment of its investment in a Fund.
In general, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a foreign investor depends upon whether a Fund
is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. Although it is not expected that the
activities of a Fund will cause the Fund to be deemed engaged in a U.S. trade or business, there
can be no assurance in this regard and an investment in the Fund could cause a foreign investor to
recognize income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (ECI). If a Fund
were treated as engaged in a U.S. trade or business, foreign investors would be subject to U.S.
federal income tax (generally collected by means of withholding) on a net basis (including, for
certain corporate foreign investors, an additional 30% branch profits tax) and tax return filing
obligations.
In addition, gain on the sale or other disposition of USRPIs generally will be treated as ECI and
will generally subject foreign investors to withholding tax at rates of 10% of the proceeds, or, in
limited circumstances, 35% of the gain resulting from such sale or other disposition. For example,
if (i) the Fund were to acquire an interest (including stock or certain convertible debt) in a
corporation, (ii) such corporation were a U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) at any
time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding the disposition of such interest or the
time the Fund held such an interest, and (iii) either (A) such corporation was not publicly traded
(within the meaning of the tax laws) or (B) the Fund (at any time during the period described in
(ii) above) owned (actually or constructively) either a regularly traded interest (other than an
interest solely as a creditor) in such corporation which was more than 5% (by value) of such
regularly traded class of stock, or any other interest (other than an interest solely as a
creditor) if such interest was more than 5% (by value) of the regularly traded class with the
lowest value or of the regularly traded class into which such interest was convertible, then gain
on the sale of such stock (or such convertible debt) would be treated as ECI and, therefore, would
be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax. As noted above, ECI from the sale of a USRPI (other
than interests in USRPHCs) would subject a corporate foreign investor to the branch profits tax.
Moreover, if a Fund invests in equity interests in partnerships and other pass-through entities and
any such entity is engaged in a trade or business, such trade or business will be attributed to the
Fund and to the shareholders and may result in the recognition of ECI by shareholders that are
foreign investors.
Regardless of whether a Fund is in a U.S. trade or business, if the Fund receives certain types of
investment income, such as dividends or interest other than portfolio interest from U.S. sources,
to the extent such income is allocated to a foreign investor, the Fund may be required to withhold
at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate). A Fund may withhold and pay any taxes with
respect to any foreign investor and any such taxes may be withheld from any distribution otherwise
payable to such foreign investor. Alternatively, a foreign investor may be required to reimburse a
Fund for the amount of such tax.
Considerations Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions
Shareholders may become liable for foreign tax and/or filing obligations in connection with the
activities or investments of a Fund outside the United States or in connection with income and
97
gain recognized by a Fund from foreign sources, whether or not shareholders receive any
distributions with respect to such investments. In addition, some of a Funds income from foreign
sources may be subject to tax in the applicable jurisdiction(s). Any such taxes paid by or
withheld from a Fund will reduce the value of the relevant shareholders capital accounts.
Shareholders may in some circumstances be able to claim relief under a double taxation treaty
between their country of residence and the applicable country of the foreign-source investment.
Shareholders subject to tax in jurisdictions outside the United States should consult their own tax
advisors regarding the tax consequences of an investment in a Fund. All prospective shareholders
should consult their own tax advisors regarding the foreign tax implications of an investment in a
Fund.
No Tax Benefits Expected
Because it is not expected that an investment in a Fund will reduce the cumulative tax liability of
a shareholder in any year as a result of tax losses, deductions, or credits, prospective
shareholders should not invest in a Fund with the expectation of receiving any such tax benefits.
Non-Income, State, Local, and Foreign Taxes
The foregoing discussion does not address the U.S. federal non-income, state, local, or foreign tax
consequences of an investment in a Fund. It is possible that a Funds activities might generate
tax return filing, reporting, or tax payment obligations in Massachusetts or another U.S. state or
local or foreign jurisdictions. Prospective shareholders should consult their own tax advisors
regarding U.S. federal non-income, state, local, and foreign tax matters.
Summary; Laws Subject to Change
The foregoing discussion relates only to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in a
Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations. The consequences
under other tax laws may differ. This discussion has not addressed all aspects of taxation that
may be relevant to particular shareholders in light of their own investment or tax circumstances,
or to particular types of shareholders (including insurance companies, financial institutions,
broker-dealers, tax-exempt entities, foreign corporations, and persons who are not citizens or
residents of the United States) subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax
laws. This summary is based on the Code, the regulations thereunder, published rulings, and court
decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive
basis. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors about the precise tax consequences of an
investment in a Fund in light of their particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state,
local, or other applicable tax laws.
98
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The following tables present information regarding each Trustee and officer of the Trust as of the
date of this Statement of Additional Information. Each Trustees and officers date of birth
(DOB) is set forth after his or her name. Unless otherwise noted, (i) each Trustee and officer
has engaged in the principal occupation(s) noted in the table for at least the most recent five
years, although not necessarily in the same capacity, and (ii) the address of each Trustee and
officer is c/o GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110. Each Trustee serves in office until
the earlier of (a) the election and qualification of a successor at the next meeting of
shareholders called to elect Trustees or (b) the Trustee dies, resigns, or is removed as provided
in the Trusts governing documents. Each of the Trustees of the Trust is not an interested person
of the Trust, as such term is used in the 1940 Act. Because the Funds do not hold annual meetings
of shareholders, each Trustee will hold office for an indeterminate period. Each officer serves in
office until his or her successor is elected and determined to be qualified to carry out the duties
and responsibilities of the office, or until the officer resigns or is removed from office.
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Number
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of
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Portfolios
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in
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Name, Date of Birth,
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Principal
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Fund
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and Position(s) Held
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Length of
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Occupation(s)
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|
Complex
|
|
Other
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with the Trust
|
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Time Served
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During Past 5 Years
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Overseen
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Directorships Held
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Donald W. Glazer,
Esq.
Chairman of the
Board of Trustees
DOB: 07/26/1944
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Chairman of the
Board of
Trustees
since March 2005;
Lead
Independent
Trustee (September
2004-March 2005);
Trustee
since
December 2000.
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ConsultantLaw and
Business
1
;
Author of
Legal
Treatises.
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62
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None.
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W. Nicholas Thorndike
Trustee
DOB: 03/28/1933
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Since March 2005.
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Director or trustee
of
various
corporations
and
charitable
organizations,
including
Courier
Corporation (a
book
publisher and
manufacturer) (July
1989-present); and
Putnam Funds
(December 1992-June
2004).
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
Director of Courier
Corporation (a book
publisher and
manufacturer).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Tufano
Trustee
DOB: 04/22/1957
|
|
Since December 2008.
|
|
Sylvan C. Coleman
Professor of
Financial
Management,
Harvard
Business
School (since
1989).
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
Trustee of State
Street Navigator
Securities Lending
Trust (3 Portfolios).
|
1
As part of Mr. Glazers work as a consultant, he provides part-time consulting
services to Goodwin Procter LLP (Goodwin). Goodwin has provided legal services to Renewable
Resources, LLC, an affiliate of GMO; GMO, in connection with its relationship with Renewable
Resources; and funds managed by Renewable Resources. Mr. Glazer has represented that he has no
financial interest in, and is not involved in the provision of, such legal services. In the
calendar years ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2008, these entities paid $789,416 and
$183,775, respectively, in legal fees and disbursements to Goodwin. In correspondence with the
Staff of the SEC beginning in August 2006, the Independent Trustees legal counsel provided the
Staff with information regarding Mr. Glazers relationship with Goodwin and his other business
activities. On September 11, 2007, based on information that had been given to the Staff as of that
date, the Staff provided oral no-action assurance consistent with the opinion of the Independent
Trustees legal counsel that Mr. Glazer is not an interested person of the Trust.
99
Officers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Position(s) Held
|
|
Length
|
|
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Name and Date of Birth
|
|
with the Trust
|
|
of Time Served
|
|
During Past 5 Years
1
|
J.B. Kittredge
DOB: 08/22/1954
|
|
President and Chief
Executive Officer
|
|
Since March 2009.
|
|
General Counsel, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(October 2005 present);
Partner, Ropes & Gray LLP
(prior to October 2005).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sheppard N. Burnett
DOB: 10/24/1968
|
|
Treasurer and Chief
Financial Officer
|
|
Chief Financial
Officer since
March
2007;
Treasurer
since
November
2006;
Assistant
Treasurer,
September 2004
November 2006.
|
|
Fund Administration Staff,
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo &
Co. LLC (June 2004-present);
Vice President, Director of
Tax,
Columbia Management Group
(2002-2004).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brent C. Arvidson
DOB: 06/26/1969
|
|
Assistant Treasurer
|
|
Since August 1998.
|
|
Senior Fund Administrator,
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo &
Co. LLC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
John L. Nasrah
DOB: 05/27/1977
|
|
Assistant Treasurer
|
|
Since March 2007.
|
|
Fund Administrator, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(September 2004-present); Tax
Analyst, Bain & Company, Inc.
(June 2003-September 2004).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mahmoodur Rahman
DOB: 11/30/1967
|
|
Assistant Treasurer
|
|
Since September
2007.
|
|
Fund Administrator, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(April 2007-present); Vice
President and Senior Tax
Manager, Massachusetts
Financial
Services Company
(January 2000-
April 2007).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Position(s) Held
|
|
Length
|
|
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Name and Date of Birth
|
|
with the Trust
|
|
of Time Served
|
|
During Past 5 Years
1
|
Carolyn Haley
DOB: 07/12/1966
|
|
Assistant Treasurer
|
|
Since June 2009.
|
|
Fund Administrator, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(May 2009-present); Treasurer
and
Chief Compliance Officer,
Hambrecht & Quist Capital
Management LLC (April
2007-
April 2009); Senior
Manager,
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
(2003-2007).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michael E. Gillespie
DOB: 02/18/1958
|
|
Chief Compliance
Officer
|
|
Since March 2005.
|
|
Vice President of Compliance
(June 2004-February 2005) and
Director of Domestic
Compliance (March 2002-June
2004), Fidelity Investments.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jason B. Harrison
DOB: 01/29/1977
|
|
Vice President and
Clerk
|
|
Vice President
since November
2006; Clerk since
March 2006.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (since
February 2006) and Attorney,
Ropes & Gray LLP (September
2002-February 2006).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
David L. Bohan
DOB: 06/21/1964
|
|
Vice President and
Assistant Clerk
|
|
Vice President
since March 2005;
Assistant Clerk
since March 2006.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gregory L. Pottle
DOB: 07/09/1971
|
|
Vice President and
Assistant Clerk
|
|
Since November 2006.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anne K. Trinque
DOB: 04/15/1978
|
|
Vice President and
Assistant Clerk
|
|
Since September
2007.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(January
2007-present);
Attorney, Goodwin
Procter LLP
(September 2003-
January 2007).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cheryl Wakeham
DOB: 10/29/1958
|
|
Vice President and
Anti-Money
Laundering Officer
|
|
Since December 2004.
|
|
Manager, Client Service
Administration, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
|
1
Each of Messrs. Burnett, Arvidson, Bohan, and Pottle serves as an officer and/or
director of certain pooled investment vehicles of which GMO or an affiliate of GMO serves as the
investment adviser.
Trustees Responsibilities.
Under the provisions of the GMO Declaration of Trust, the Trustees
manage the business of the Trust, an open-end management investment company. The Trustees have all
powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility, including the power to engage in
securities transactions on behalf of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may:
adopt By-Laws not inconsistent with the Declaration of Trust providing for the regulation and
management of the affairs of the Trust; amend and repeal By-Laws to the extent that such By-Laws do
not reserve that right to the shareholders; fill vacancies in or remove members of the Board of
Trustees (including any vacancies created by an increase in the number
101
of Trustees); remove members of the Board of Trustees with or without cause; elect and remove such
officers and appoint and terminate agents as they consider appropriate; appoint members of the
Board of Trustees to one or more committees consisting of two or more Trustees, which may exercise
the powers and authority of the Trustees, and terminate any such appointments; employ one or more
custodians of the assets of the Trust and authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to
deposit all or any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of
securities or with a Federal Reserve Bank; retain a transfer agent or a shareholder servicing
agent, or both; provide for the distribution of Shares by the Trust, through one or more principal
underwriters or otherwise; set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to
various matters; and in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer
of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees, and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any
such custodian or underwriter.
The Board of Trustees has three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Pricing Committee
and the Governance Committee. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2009, the Audit Committee
held five meetings; the Pricing Committee held 16 meetings; and the Governance Committee held seven
meetings.
The Committees assist the Board of Trustees in performing its functions under the 1940 Act and
Massachusetts law. The Audit Committee provides oversight with respect to the Trusts accounting,
its financial reporting policies and practices, the quality and objectivity of the Trusts
financial statements and the independent audit of those statements. In addition, the Audit
Committee appoints, determines the independence and compensation of, and oversees the work of the
Funds independent auditors and acts as a liaison between the Trusts independent auditors and the
Board of Trustees. Mr. Tufano and Mr. Thorndike are members of the Audit Committee. Mr. Tufano is
the Chairman of the Audit Committee. The Pricing Committee oversees the valuation of the Funds
securities and other assets. The Pricing Committee also reviews and makes recommendations
regarding the Trusts Pricing Policies and, to the extent required by the Pricing Policies,
determines the fair value of the Funds securities or other assets, as well as performs such other
duties as may be delegated to it by the Board. Mr. Glazer and Mr. Tufano are members of the
Pricing Committee. Mr. Glazer is the Chairman of the Pricing Committee. The Governance Committee
oversees general Fund governance-related matters, including making recommendations to the Board of
Trustees relating to Trust governance, performing functions mandated by the 1940 Act, as delegated
to it by the Board of Trustees, considering the skills, qualifications, and independence of the
Trustees, proposing candidates to serve as Trustees, and overseeing the determination that any
person serving as legal counsel for the Independent Trustees meets the 1940 Act requirements for
being independent legal counsel. Mr. Glazer and Mr. Thorndike are members of the Governance
Committee. Mr. Thorndike is the Chairman of the Governance Committee.
102
Shareholders may recommend nominees to the Board of Trustees by writing the Board of Trustees, c/o
GMO Trust Chief Compliance Officer, GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. A
recommendation must (i) be in writing and signed by the shareholder, (ii) identify the Fund to
which it relates, and (iii) identify the class and number of shares held by the shareholder.
Trustee Fund Ownership
The following table sets forth ranges of the current Trustees direct beneficial share ownership in
the Funds offered in the Private Placement Memoranda and the aggregate dollar ranges of their
direct beneficial share ownership in all Funds of the Trust (including Funds not offered in the
Private Placement Memoranda) as of December 31, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares
|
|
|
Dollar Range of
|
|
Directly Owned in all
|
|
|
Shares Directly Owned in
|
|
Funds of the Trust (whether
|
|
|
Funds Offered in the
|
|
or not offered in the Private
|
Name/Funds Offered in the
|
|
Private Placement
|
|
Placement Memoranda)
|
Private Placement Memoranda*
|
|
Memoranda
|
|
Overseen by Trustee
|
Donald W. Glazer
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Nicholas Thorndike
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Tufano
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
* Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund will commence operations on or
following the date of this Statement of Additional Information and, therefore, have not yet offered
any shares for sale.
The following table sets forth ranges of Mr. Glazers indirect beneficial share ownership in the
Funds offered in the Private Placement Memoranda and the aggregate dollar range of his indirect
beneficial share ownership in all Funds of the Trust (including Funds not offered in the Private
Placement Memoranda), as of December 31, 2008, by virtue of his direct ownership of shares of
certain Funds (as disclosed in the table immediately above) that invest in other Funds of the Trust
and of other private investment companies managed by the Manager that invest in Funds of the Trust.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar Range of
|
|
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of
|
|
|
|
Shares Indirectly
|
|
|
Shares Indirectly Owned in all
|
|
|
|
Owned in Funds
|
|
|
Funds of the Trust (whether
|
|
|
|
Offered in the
|
|
|
or not offered in the Private
|
|
Name/Funds Offered in the
|
|
Private Placement
|
|
|
Placement Memoranda)
|
|
Private Placement Memoranda*
|
|
Memoranda
|
|
|
Overseen by Trustee
|
|
Donald W. Glazer
|
|
|
|
|
|
Over $100,000
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
$
|
1 - $10,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
$
|
1 - $10,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund will commence
operations on or following
|
103
the date of this Statement of Additional Information and, therefore, have not yet offered any
shares for sale.
Trustee Ownership of Securities Issued by the Manager or Principal Underwriter
None.
Trustee Ownership of Related Companies
The following table sets forth information about securities owned by the Trustees and their family
members, as of December 31, 2008, in entities directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or
under common control with the Manager or Funds Distributor, LLC, the Funds principal underwriter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of
|
|
Owner(s) and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Interested
|
|
Relationship
|
|
|
|
Title of
|
|
Value of
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
to Trustee
|
|
Company
|
|
Class
|
|
Securities
2
|
|
% of Class
|
Donald W. Glazer
|
|
Self
|
|
GMO Multi-Strategy
Fund (Offshore), a
private investment
company managed by
the Manager.
1
|
|
Limited
partnership
interest-
Class A
|
|
$
|
1,179,264
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Nicholas
Thorndike
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Tufano
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
The Manager may be deemed to control this fund by virtue of its serving as
investment manager of the fund.
|
|
2
|
|
Securities valued as of December 31, 2008.
|
Remuneration.
The Trust has adopted a compensation policy for its Trustees. Each Trustee receives
an annual retainer from the Trust for his services. In addition, each Chairman of the Trusts
standing committees and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees receive an annual fee. Each Trustee
also is paid a fee for participating in in-person and telephone meetings of the Board of Trustees
and its committees, and a fee for consideration of actions proposed to be taken by written consent.
The Trust pays no additional compensation for travel time to meetings, attendance at directors
educational seminars or conferences, service on industry or association committees, participation
as speakers at directors conferences, or service on special director task forces or subcommittees,
although the Trust does reimburse Trustees for seminar or conference fees and for travel expenses
incurred in connection with attendance at seminars or conferences. The Trustees do not receive any
employee benefits such as pension or retirement benefits or health insurance. All current Trustees
of the Trust are non-interested Trustees.
Other than as set forth in the table below, during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2009, no
Trustee of the Trust received any direct compensation from the Trust or any Fund offered in the
Private Placement Memoranda, and no officer of the Trust received aggregate compensation exceeding
$60,000 from any Fund offered in the Private Placement Memoranda:
104
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Person, Position
|
|
|
|
Donald W. Glazer, Esq.,
|
|
|
Jay O. Light,
|
|
|
W. Nicholas Thorndike,
|
|
|
Peter Tufano,
|
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
|
Trustee
1
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
|
Trustee
2
|
|
Compensation from Each Fund Offered in the Private Placement
Memoranda:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
$
|
121
|
|
|
$
|
86
|
|
|
$
|
93
|
|
|
$
|
9
|
|
Debt Opportunities Fund
|
|
$
|
1,250
|
3
|
|
$
|
0
|
3
|
|
$
|
850
|
3
|
|
$
|
850
|
3
|
High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund
|
|
$
|
1,250
|
3
|
|
$
|
0
|
3
|
|
$
|
850
|
3
|
|
$
|
850
|
3
|
Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
Special Situations Fund
|
|
$
|
4,039
|
|
|
$
|
3,358
|
|
|
$
|
3,500
|
|
|
$
|
156
|
|
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
$
|
7,035
|
|
|
$
|
5,274
|
|
|
$
|
6,135
|
|
|
$
|
360
|
|
Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses:
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement:
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
Total Compensation from the Trust:
|
|
$
|
399,390
|
4
|
|
$
|
261,068
|
4
|
|
$
|
311,653
|
4
|
|
$
|
20,933
|
4
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Mr. Light resigned as a Trustee effective December 2008 and no longer serves as a
Trustee of the Trust.
|
|
2
|
|
Mr. Tufano was elected as a Trustee effective December 2008.
|
|
3
|
|
Reflects an estimate of the direct compensation to be paid to each Trustee for the
Funds initial fiscal year ending February 28, 2010. Actual direct compensation paid to the
Trustees will vary depending on the net assets of the Fund throughout its initial fiscal year.
|
|
4
|
|
Reflects actual direct compensation received during the fiscal year ended February 28,
2009 from Funds of the Trust that had commenced operations on or before February 28, 2009,
including Funds that are not offered through the Private Placement Memoranda.
|
Mr. Kittredge does not receive any compensation from the Trust, but as a member of the Manager will
benefit from the management fees paid by the Funds and various other Funds of the Trust not offered
through the Private Placement Memoranda. The officers of the Trust do not receive any employee
benefits such as pension or retirement benefits or health insurance from the Trust.
As of June 8, 2009, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of the
outstanding shares of each class of shares of each Fund offered in the Private Placement Memoranda.
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund will commence operations on or
following the date of this Statement of Additional Information and, therefore, have not yet offered
any shares for sale.
Code of Ethics.
The Trust and the Manager have each adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to the
requirements of the 1940 Act. Under the Code of Ethics, personnel are permitted to engage in
personal securities transactions only in accordance with specified conditions relating to their
position, the identity of the security, the timing of the transaction, and similar factors.
Transactions in securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds are permitted, subject to
compliance with the Code. Personal securities transactions must be reported quarterly and broker
confirmations must be provided for review.
105
The non-interested Trustees of the Trust are subject to a separate Code of Ethics for the
Independent Trustees pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Transactions by the Independent
Trustees in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds, are
permitted, subject to compliance with the Code of Ethics. Pursuant to the Code of Ethics, an
Independent Trustee ordinarily is not required to report his or her personal securities
transactions or to identify his or her brokerage accounts to a Fund or its representatives, subject
to certain limited exceptions specified in the Code of Ethics.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Management Contracts
As disclosed in the Private Placement Memoranda under the heading Management of the Fund, under
separate Management Contracts (each, a Management Contract) between the Trust, on behalf of the
Funds, and the Manager, subject to such policies as the Trustees of the Trust may determine, the
Manager furnishes continuously an investment or asset allocation program, as applicable, for each
Fund, and makes investment decisions on behalf of the Fund and places all orders for the purchase
and sale of portfolio securities. Subject to the control of the Trustees, the Manager also
manages, supervises, and conducts the other affairs and business of the Trust, furnishes office
space and equipment, provides bookkeeping and certain clerical services, and pays all salaries,
fees, and expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust who are affiliated with the Manager. As
indicated under Portfolio TransactionsBrokerage and Research Services, the Trusts portfolio
transactions may be placed with broker-dealers who furnish the Manager, at no cost, research,
statistical and quotation services of value to the Manager in advising the Trust or its other
clients.
The Manager does not charge Special Purpose Holding Fund or World Opportunity Overlay Fund any
management or service fees. In addition, the Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse each
Fund for specified Fund expenses (as described in the Private Placement Memorandum under the
heading Fees and expenses) through at least June 30, 2010.
Each Management Contract provides that the Manager shall not be subject to any liability in
connection with the performance of its services in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith,
gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties.
Each Management Contract was approved by the Trustees of the Trust (including a majority of the
Trustees who were not interested persons of the Manager) and by the relevant Funds sole initial
shareholder in connection with the organization of the Trust and the establishment of the Funds.
Each Management Contract continues in effect for a period of two years from the date of its
execution and continuously thereafter so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by
(i) the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees
who are not interested persons of the Manager or the Trust, and by (ii) the majority vote of
either the full Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the
relevant Fund. Each Management Contract automatically terminates on assignment, and is terminable
on not more than 60 days notice by the Trust to the Manager. In addition, each Management
106
Contract may be terminated on not more than 60 days written notice by the Manager to the Trust.
With respect to Special Purpose Holding Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Fund, since the
commencement of each Funds respective operations, neither of the Funds has paid a Management Fee
to the Manager pursuant to the Management Contract.
With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and Special Situations Fund, the Management Fee
is calculated based on a fixed percentage of the Funds average daily net assets. Pursuant to
their Management Contracts, the Funds have paid the following amounts as Management Fees to the
Manager during the last three fiscal years:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Reduction
|
|
|
Net
|
|
ALTERNATIVE ASSET OPPORTUNITY FUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended 2/28/09
|
|
$
|
132,631
|
|
|
$
|
132,631
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
Year ended 2/29/08
|
|
|
447,286
|
|
|
|
206,833
|
|
|
|
240,453
|
|
Year ended 2/28/07
|
|
|
847,780
|
|
|
|
233,513
|
|
|
|
614,267
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SPECIAL SITUATIONS FUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended 2/28/09
|
|
$
|
2,099,073
|
|
|
$
|
163,698
|
|
|
$
|
1,935,375
|
|
Commencement of Operations
(7/31/07) Through 2/29/08
|
|
|
1,092,706
|
|
|
|
145,170
|
|
|
|
947,536
|
|
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund will commence operations on or
following the date of this Statement of Additional Information and, therefore, have not yet paid
the Manager any Management Fees as of the date hereof.
In the event that the Manager ceases to be the manager of a Fund, the right of the Trust to use the
identifying name GMO may be withdrawn.
Portfolio Management
Day-to-day management of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Debt Opportunities Fund, High Quality
Short-Duration Bond Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay Fund, is the
responsibility of GMOs Fixed Income Division, and day-to-day management of Special Situations Fund
is the responsibility of GMOs Asset Allocation Division. Each division is comprised of investment
professionals associated with the Manager. Each divisions members work collaboratively to manage
a Funds portfolio, and no one person is primarily responsible for day-to-day management of any
Fund.
107
The following table sets forth information about accounts overseen or managed by the senior members of GMOs Fixed Income
Division and Asset Allocation Division as of February 28, 2009.
108
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered investment companies managed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(including non-GMO mutual fund
|
|
|
Other pooled investment vehicles
|
|
|
Separate accounts managed
|
|
Senior
|
|
subadvisory relationships)
|
|
|
managed (world-wide)
|
|
|
(world-wide)
|
|
Member
|
|
Number of accounts
1
|
|
Total assets
1,2
|
|
|
Number of accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
Number of accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
Thomas Cooper
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
$
|
7,021,606,740.14
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
3,022,556,149.38
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
1,358,053,937.11
|
|
Ben Inker
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
$
|
11,116,446,702.85
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
$
|
3,989,602,847.57
|
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
$
|
11,045,021,736.36
|
|
William Nemerever
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
$
|
7,021,606,740.14
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
3,022,556,149.38
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
1,358,053,937.11
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered investment companies managed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for which GMO receives a performance-
|
|
|
Other pooled investment vehicles
|
|
|
Separate accounts managed (world-
|
|
|
|
based fee (including non-GMO mutual
|
|
|
managed (world-wide) for which GMO
|
|
|
wide) for which GMO receives a
|
|
|
|
fund subadvisory relationships)
|
|
|
receives a performance-based fee
|
|
|
performance-based fee
|
|
|
|
Number of accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
Number of accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
Number of accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
Thomas Cooper
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
1,403,238,929.37
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
840,474,511.60
|
|
Ben Inker
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
$
|
6,554,290,893.98
|
|
William Nemerever
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
1,403,238,929.37
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
840,474,511.60
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Includes Funds of the Trust (including Funds not offered through the Private Placement
Memoranda) that had commenced operations on or before February 28, 2009.
|
|
2
|
|
For some senior members, Total assets includes assets invested by other GMO Funds.
|
109
Because each senior member manages other accounts, including accounts that pay higher fees or
accounts that pay performance-based fees, potential conflicts of interest exist, including
potential conflicts between the investment strategy of a Fund and the investment strategy of the
other accounts managed by the senior member and potential conflicts in the allocation of investment
opportunities between a Fund and the other accounts.
Senior members of each division are generally members (partners) of GMO. As of February 28, 2009,
the compensation of each senior member consisted of a fixed annual base salary, a partnership
interest in the firms profits and, possibly, an additional, discretionary, bonus related to the
senior members contribution to GMOs success. The compensation program does not
disproportionately reward outperformance by higher fee/performance fee products. Base salary is
determined by taking into account current industry norms and market data to ensure that GMO pays a
competitive base salary. The level of partnership interest is determined by taking into account
the individuals contribution to GMO and its mission statement. A discretionary bonus may also be
paid to recognize specific business contributions and to ensure that the total level of
compensation is competitive with the market. Because each persons compensation is based on his or
her individual performance, GMO does not have a typical percentage split among base salary, bonus
and other compensation. A GMO membership interest is the primary incentive for persons to maintain
employment with GMO. GMO believes this is the best incentive to maintain stability of portfolio
management personnel.
Senior Member Fund Ownership.
As of February 28, 2009, none of the senior members had any direct
beneficial ownership in the Funds discussed in this Statement of Additional Information that were
overseen or managed by such senior member as of February 28, 2009.
The following table sets forth the dollar range of each senior members indirect beneficial share
ownership in Funds discussed in this Statement of Additional Information that were overseen or
managed by such senior member, as of February 28, 2009, by virtue of the senior members direct
ownership of shares of certain other Funds of the Trust that invest in the Funds:
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Senior Member*
|
|
Dollar Range of Shares Indirectly Owned in the Funds*
|
Thomas Cooper
|
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
Special Purpose Holding Fund
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
None
$1-$10,000
$50,001-$100,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ben Inker
|
|
Special Situations Fund
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
William Nemerever
|
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
Special Purpose Holding Fund
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
$1-$10,000
$1-$10,000
$1-$10,000
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund will commence operations on or
following the date of this Statement of Additional Information and, therefore, have not yet offered
any shares for sale.
|
Custodial Arrangements and Fund Accounting Agents
. State Street Bank and Trust Company (State
Street Bank), One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 serves as the Trusts custodian and
fund accounting agent on behalf of certain of the Funds, and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (BBH),
40 Water Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, serves as the Trusts custodian and fund accounting
agent on behalf of the other Funds. As such, State Street Bank or BBH holds in safekeeping
certificated securities and cash belonging to a Fund and, in such
110
capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to a Fund. Upon
instruction, State Street Bank or BBH receives and delivers cash and securities of a Fund in
connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with
respect to Fund portfolio securities. Each of State Street Bank and BBH also maintains certain
accounts and records of the Trust and calculates the total net asset value, total net income and
net asset value per share of each Fund on a daily basis.
Shareholder Service Arrangements
. As disclosed in their respective Private Placement Memoranda,
pursuant to the terms of a single Servicing Agreement with the Funds of the Trust, GMO provides
direct client service, maintenance, and reporting to shareholders of Alternative Asset Opportunity
Fund and Special Situations Fund. The Servicing Agreement was approved by the Trustees of the
Trust (including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Manager or the
Trust). The Servicing Agreement will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from
the date of its execution only so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the
vote, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are
not interested persons of the Manager or the Trust, and (ii) the majority vote of the full Board
of Trustees. The Servicing Agreement automatically terminates on assignment (except as
specifically provided in the Servicing Agreement) and is terminable by either party upon not more
than 60 days written notice to the other party.
The Trust entered into the Servicing Agreement with GMO on May 30, 1996. Pursuant to the terms of
the Servicing Agreement, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and Special Situations Fund paid GMO
the following amounts (after reimbursement by GMO) during the last three fiscal years:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 1, 2006
|
|
|
March 1, 2007
|
|
|
March 1, 2008
|
|
|
|
Through
|
|
|
Through
|
|
|
Through
|
|
|
|
February 28, 2007
|
|
|
February 29, 2008
|
|
|
February 28, 2009
|
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
$
|
282,593
|
|
|
$
|
149,096
|
|
|
$
|
44,210
|
|
Special Situations Fund
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
186,533
|
(a)
|
|
|
370,131
|
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
Reflects fees paid from the Funds commencement of operations on July 31,
2007 through February 29, 2008.
|
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund will commence operations on or
following the date of this Statement of Additional Information and, therefore, have not yet paid
any amounts to GMO pursuant to the terms of the Servicing Agreement as of the date hereof.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
. The Trusts independent registered public
accounting firm is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 125 High Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP conducts annual audits of the
Trusts financial statements, assists in the preparation of each Funds federal and state income
tax returns, consults with the Trust as to matters of accounting and federal and state income
taxation, and provides assistance in connection with the preparation of various SEC filings.
111
Counsel
. Ropes & Gray LLP, One International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as counsel
to the Trust. Bingham McCutchen LLP, 150 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as
independent counsel to the non-interested Trustees of the Trust.
Transfer Agent.
State Street Bank serves as the Trusts transfer agent on behalf of the Funds.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
The Manager makes decisions to buy and sell portfolio securities for each Fund and for each of its
other investment advisory clients with a view to achieving each clients investment objectives
taking into consideration other account-specific factors such as, without limitation, cash flows
into or out of a client account, the accounts benchmark(s), applicable regulatory limitations
and/or cash restrictions. Therefore, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain
clients of the Manager even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same
time. Also, a particular security may be bought/sold for one or more clients when one or more
other clients are selling/buying the security or taking a short position in the security, including
clients managed by the same investment division. Distressed markets (such as the asset-backed
security market) may magnify the disparate treatment of accounts with different liquidity
requirements.
The Manager may engage in cross trades where, as investment manager to a client account, the
Manager causes that client account to purchase a security directly from another client account.
Such transactions will be effected in accordance with the Managers policies regarding transactions
among accounts and applicable law.
In certain cases, the Manager may identify investment opportunities that are suitable for the Funds
and one or more private investment companies for which the Manager or one of its affiliates serves
as investment manager, general partner and/or managing member (GMO Private Funds). In most
cases, the Manager receives greater compensation in respect of a GMO Private Fund (including
incentive-based compensation) than it receives in respect of a Fund. In addition, senior members
or other portfolio managers frequently have a personal investment in a GMO Private Fund that is
greater than such persons investment in a similar Fund (or, in some cases, may have no investment
in the similar Fund). The Manager itself also makes investments in GMO Private Funds. To help
manage these potential conflicts, the Manager has developed and reviewed with the Trusts Board of
Trustees trade allocation policies that establish a framework for allocating initial public
offerings (IPOs) and other limited opportunities that takes into account the needs and objectives
of each Fund and the other GMO clients. One of the Private Funds managed by GMOs Emerging Markets
Division, GMO Emerging Illiquid
Fund L.P. (EIF), focuses on investments with relatively less liquidity. Consequently, certain
types of investments, including securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, IPOs
and private placements with smaller offering sizes and other relatively less liquid investments
will, within the Emerging Markets Division, ordinarily be allocated 100% to EIF as opposed to other
Emerging Markets strategies. In other cases, the GMO Emerging Markets strategies and EIF will
receive an allocation of limited investments that are suitable for each, but the GMO Emerging
Markets strategies may receive a lesser allocation, or no allocation, of such investments than
would be the case if the allocation were pro rated by assets. As a result, there may be cases
where EIF receives an allocation of a specific limited opportunity greater than
112
would be the case
if the allocation were pro rated by assets. Similar issues may arise with respect to the
disposition of such securities. In general, the Emerging Markets Division and other GMO Divisions
divide IPOs between themselves pro rata based upon indications of interest.
Transactions involving the issuance of Fund shares for securities or assets other than cash will be
limited to a bona fide reorganization or statutory merger and to other acquisitions of portfolio
securities that meet all of the following conditions: (i) such securities meet the investment
objectives and policies of the Fund; (ii) such securities are acquired for investment and not for
resale; and (iii) such securities can be valued pursuant to the Trusts pricing policies.
Brokerage and Research Services
. In selecting brokers and dealers to effect portfolio transactions
for each Fund, the Manager seeks best execution. Best execution is not based solely on the
explicit commission charged by the broker/dealer and consequently, a broker/dealer effecting a
transaction may be paid a commission higher than that charged by another broker/dealer. Seeking
best price and execution involves the weighing of qualitative as well as quantitative factors and
evaluations of best execution are, to a large extent, possible only after multiple trades have been
completed. The Manager does place trades with broker/dealers that provide investment ideas and
other research services, even if the relevant broker has not yet demonstrated an ability to effect
best price and execution; however, trading with such a broker (as with any and all brokers) will
typically be curtailed or suspended, in due course, if the Manager is not reasonably satisfied with
the quality of particular trade executions, unless or until the broker has altered its execution
capabilities in such a way that the Manager can reasonably conclude that the broker is capable of
achieving best price and execution.
The determination of what may constitute best execution involves a number of considerations,
including, without limitation, the overall net economic result to a Fund, the efficiency with which
the transaction is effected, access to order flow, the ability of the executing broker/dealer to
effect the transaction where a large block is involved, reliability (e.g., lack of failed trades),
availability of the broker/dealer to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the
future, in the case of fixed income securities, the broker/dealers inventory of securities sought,
the financial strength and stability of the broker/dealer, and the relative weighting of
opportunity costs (i.e. timeliness of execution) by different strategies. In some instances, the
Manager may utilize principal
bids with consideration to such factors as reported broker flow, past bids, and a firms ability
and willingness to commit capital. Most of the foregoing are judgmental considerations made in
advance of the trade and are not always borne out by the actual execution.
The Managers broker/dealer selection may, in addition to the factors listed above, also be based
on research services provided by the broker/dealer. The Manager may also direct trades to
broker/dealers based in part on the broker/dealers history of providing, and capability to
continue providing, pricing information for securities purchased. Best execution may be determined
for investment strategies without regard to client specific limitations (e.g., limits on the use of
derivatives for anticipatory hedging).
113
Generally, the Manager determines the overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid upon
consideration of the relative merits of a number of factors, which may include: (i) the net
economic effect to the particular Fund, (ii) historical and current commission rates, (iii) the
kind and quality of the execution services rendered, (iv) the size and nature of the transactions
effected, and (v) research services received. In some instances, the Manager may evaluate best
execution on principal bids based on the total commissions charged (the bid for handling a trade as
a principal trade) since the trades were filled at the price set at an agreed upon time (e.g.,
previous nights close) and any additional impact or cost is represented by the cents per share
extra paid in addition to a typical commission rate. These factors are considered mostly over
multiple transactions covering extended periods of time and are used to evaluate the relative
performance of the brokers and other institutions used to effect transactions for accounts.
Because the Manager will frequently use broker/dealers that provide research in all markets and
that research is a factor in evaluating broker/dealers, the Manager relies on the statutory safe
harbor in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act).
However, the Manager does not participate in any formal soft dollar arrangements involving third
party research (i.e., research provided by someone other than the executing broker/dealer) or the
payment of any of the Managers out-of-pocket expenses. In all cases the research services
received by the Manager are limited to the types of research contemplated by Section 28(e) of the
1934 Act. Research services provided by broker/dealers take various forms, including personal
interviews with analysts, written reports, pricing services in respect of securities, and meetings
arranged with various sources of information regarding particular issuers, industries, governmental
policies, specific information about local markets and applicable regulations, economic trends, and
other matters. To the extent that services of value are received by the Manager, the Manager may
avoid expenses that might otherwise be incurred. Such services furnished to the Manager may be
used in furnishing investment or other advice to all of the Managers clients, including the Funds,
and services received from a broker/dealer that executed transactions for a particular Fund will
not necessarily be used by the Manager specifically in servicing that particular Fund.
The Trust paid, on behalf of the Funds that commenced operations prior to the end of the most
recent fiscal year, the following amounts in brokerage commissions during the three most recent
fiscal years:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 1, 2006
|
|
|
March 1, 2007
|
|
|
March 1, 2008
|
|
|
|
Through
|
|
|
Through
|
|
|
Through
|
|
|
|
February 28, 2007
|
|
|
February 29, 2008
|
|
|
February 28, 2009
|
|
Alternative
Asset Opportunity
Fund
(a)
|
|
$
|
102,088
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
Special Situations Fund
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
(b)
|
|
$
|
1,170
|
|
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
$
|
262,845
|
|
|
$
|
392,150
|
|
|
$
|
315,971
|
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
Brokerage commissions include commissions paid by the Fund and its
wholly-owned subsidiary.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Reflects commissions generated from the Funds commencement of operations on July
31, 2007 through February 29, 2008.
|
Differences in the amount of brokerage commissions paid by a Fund during a Funds three most recent
fiscal years (as disclosed in the table above) are generally the result of (i) active trading
strategies employed by the Manager when responding to changes in market conditions, (ii)
114
management
of cash flows into and out of a Fund as a result of shareholder purchases and redemptions, (iii)
rebalancing portfolios to reflect the results of the Managers portfolio management models, or (iv)
changes in commission rates in the relevant markets. Changes in the amount of brokerage
commissions paid by a Fund do not reflect material changes in the Funds investment objective or
strategies.
During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2009, none of the Funds held any securities of its
regular brokers or dealers (as defined in the 1940 Act) or of their parents.
Due to restrictions under the 1940 Act, it is possible that, as the result of certain affiliations
between a broker/dealer or its affiliates and a Fund, the Manager or the Funds distributor, all of
the Funds may refrain, or be required to refrain, from engaging in principal trades with such
broker/dealer. Additionally, the Funds may be restricted in their ability to purchase securities
issued by affiliates of the Funds distributor.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Trust has adopted a proxy voting policy under which responsibility to vote proxies related to
its portfolio securities has been delegated to the Manager. The Board of Trustees of the Trust has
reviewed and approved the proxy voting policies and procedures the Manager follows when voting
proxies on behalf of the Funds. The Trusts proxy voting policy and the Managers proxy voting
policies and procedures are attached to this Statement of Additional Information as
Appendix
C
.
The Managers proxy voting policies on a particular issue may or may not reflect the views of
individual members of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or a majority of the Board of Trustees.
Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most
recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available on the Trusts website at www.gmo.com and on
the Securities and Exchange Commissions website at www.sec.gov no later than August 31 of each
year.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The policy of the Trust is to protect the confidentiality of each Funds portfolio holdings and to
prevent inappropriate selective disclosure of those holdings. The Board of Trustees has approved
this policy and material amendments require its approval.
Registered investment companies that are sub-advised by GMO may be subject to different portfolio
holdings disclosure policies, and neither GMO nor the Board of Trustees exercises control over
those policies. In addition, separate account clients of GMO have access to their portfolio
holdings and are not subject to the Funds portfolio holdings disclosure policies. Some of the
funds that are sub-advised by GMO and some of the separate accounts managed by GMO have
substantially similar investment objectives and strategies and, therefore, potentially similar
portfolio holdings.
115
Neither GMO nor any Fund will receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with
its disclosure of a Funds portfolio holdings.
GMO may disclose a Funds portfolio holdings (together with any other information from which the
Funds portfolio holdings could reasonably be derived, as reasonably determined by GMO) (the
Portfolio Holdings Information) to shareholders, qualified potential shareholders as determined
by GMO, and their consultants and agents (collectively, Permitted Recipients) by means of the GMO
website. The Funds Private Placement Memoranda describe the type of information disclosed on
GMOs website, as well as the frequency with which it is disclosed and the lag between the date of
the information and the date of its disclosure. The top fifteen holdings of certain series of the
Trust may be posted monthly on GMOs website. In response to market interest in specific issuers,
a Funds holdings in one or more issuers may be made available on a more frequent basis as
circumstances warrant. No confidentiality agreement is needed to access this information. GMO
also may make Portfolio Holdings Information available to Permitted Recipients by email, or by any
other means in such scope and form and with such frequency as GMO may reasonably determine, no
earlier than the day next following the day on which the Portfolio Holdings Information is posted
on the GMO website (provided that the Funds Private Placement Memorandum describes the nature and
scope of the Portfolio Holdings Information that will be available on the GMO website, when the
information will be available and the period for which the information will remain available, and
the location on the Funds website where the information will
be made available) or on the same day as a publicly available, routine filing with the SEC that
includes the Portfolio Holdings Information.
To receive Portfolio Holdings Information, Permitted Recipients must enter into a confidentiality
agreement with GMO and the Trust that requires that the Portfolio Holdings Information be used
solely for purposes determined by senior management of GMO to be in the best interest of the
shareholders of the Fund to which the information relates.
In some cases, GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information that has not been
made available to Permitted Recipients on the GMO website or in a publicly available, routine
filing with the SEC. That disclosure may only be made if senior management of GMO determines that
it is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Fund to which the information relates. In
addition, the third party receiving the Portfolio Holdings Information must enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that requires that the Portfolio Holdings
Information be used solely for purposes determined by GMO senior management to be in the best
interest of the Funds shareholders. GMO will seek to monitor a recipients use of the Portfolio
Holdings Information provided under these agreements and, if the terms of the agreements are
violated, terminate disclosure and take appropriate action.
The procedures pursuant to which GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information
that has not been made available to Permitted Recipients do not apply to Portfolio Holdings
Information provided to entities who provide on-going services to the Funds in connection with
their day-to-day operations and management, including GMO, GMOs affiliates, the Funds custodians
and auditors, the Funds pricing service vendors, broker-dealers when requesting bids for or price
quotations on securities, brokers in the normal course of trading on a Funds behalf, and persons
assisting the Funds in the voting of proxies. In addition, when an investor indicates that it
wants to purchase shares of a Fund in exchange for securities acceptable
116
to GMO, GMO may make
available a list of securities that it would be willing to accept for the Fund, and, from time to
time, the securities on the list may overlap with securities currently held by the Fund.
No provision of this policy is intended to restrict or prevent the disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
Information as may be required by applicable law, rules or regulations.
Senior management of GMO may authorize any exceptions to these procedures. Exceptions must be
disclosed to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust.
If senior management of GMO identifies a potential conflict with respect to the disclosure of
Portfolio Holdings Information between the interests of a Funds shareholders, on the one hand, and
GMO or an affiliated person of GMO or the Fund, on the other, GMO is required to inform the Trusts
Chief Compliance Officer of the potential conflict, and the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer has
the power to decide whether, in light of the potential conflict, disclosure should be permitted
under the circumstances. The Trusts Chief Compliance Officer also is required to report his
decision to the Board of Trustees.
GMO periodically reports the following information to the Board of Trustees:
|
|
|
Determinations made by senior management of GMO relating to the use of Portfolio
Holdings Information by Permitted Recipients and third parties;
|
|
|
|
|
The nature and scope of disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information to third parties;
|
|
|
|
|
Exceptions to the disclosure policy authorized by senior management of GMO; and
|
|
|
|
|
Any other information the Trustees may request relating to the disclosure of Portfolio
Holdings Information.
|
Ongoing Arrangements To Make Portfolio Holdings Available
.
Senior management of GMO has authorized
disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going basis (generally, daily, except with
respect to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which receives holdings quarterly and as necessary in
connection with the services it provides to the Funds) to the following entities that provide
on-going services to the Funds in connection with their day-to-day operations and management,
provided that they agree or have a duty to maintain this information in confidence:
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Recipient
|
|
Funds
|
|
Purpose of Disclosure
|
State Street Bank and
Trust Company
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Custodial services
and compliance
testing
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boston Global Advisors
|
|
All Funds (except
Special Purpose
Holding Fund)
|
|
Securities lending
services
|
|
|
|
|
|
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Independent
registered public
accounting firm
|
117
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Recipient
|
|
Funds
|
|
Purpose of Disclosure
|
RiskMetrics Group
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Corporate actions services
|
|
|
|
|
|
FactSet
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Data service provider
|
Senior management of GMO has authorized disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going
basis (daily) to the following recipients, provided that they agree or have a duty to maintain this
information in confidence and are limited to using the information for the specific purpose for
which it was provided:
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Recipient
|
|
Funds
|
|
Purpose of Disclosure
|
Epstein & Associates, Inc.
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Software provider for Code
of Ethics monitoring system
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial Models Company Inc.
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Recordkeeping system
|
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
The Trust, an open-end management investment company, is organized as a Massachusetts business
trust under the laws of Massachusetts by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust (Declaration of
Trust) dated June 24, 1985, as amended and restated September 10, 2009, and as such Declaration of
Trust may be amended from time to time. A copy of the Declaration of Trust is on file with the
Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Trust operates as a series investment
company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, each of which is represented by
a separate series of shares of beneficial interest. Each Fund is a series of the Trust. The
fiscal year for each Fund ends on the last day of February.
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have currently authorized the issuance of an
unlimited number of full and fractional shares of sixty-two series: Tobacco-Free Core Fund; Quality
Fund; Real Estate Fund; Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund; International Intrinsic Value Fund;
Currency Hedged International Equity Fund; Foreign Fund; Foreign Small Companies Fund;
International Small Companies Fund; Emerging Markets Fund; Emerging Countries Fund; Tax-Managed
International Equities Fund; Domestic Bond Fund; Core Plus Bond Fund; International Bond Fund;
Currency Hedged International Bond Fund; Global Bond Fund; Emerging Country Debt Fund;
Short-Duration Investment Fund; Alpha Only Fund; Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund; International
Equity Allocation Fund; Global Balanced Asset Allocation Fund; Global Equity Allocation Fund; U.S.
Equity Allocation Fund; Special Purpose Holding Fund; Short-Duration Collateral Fund; Taiwan Fund;
World Opportunity Overlay Fund; Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund; Strategic Opportunities
Allocation Fund; World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund; Developed World Stock Fund; U.S.
Growth Fund; International Core Equity Fund; International Growth Equity Fund; U.S. Intrinsic Value
Fund; U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund; U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Fund; U.S. Core Equity Fund;
118
Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund; Strategic Fixed Income Fund; International Opportunities
Equity Allocation Fund; Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund; Special Situations Fund; Flexible
Equities Fund; U.S. Treasury Fund; Asset Allocation Bond Fund; Arlington Fund; Berkeley Fund;
Clarendon Fund; Dartmouth Fund; Exeter Fund; Fairfield Fund; Gloucester Fund; Hereford Fund;
Ipswich Fund; St. James Fund; Asset Allocation International Bond Fund; World Opportunity Overlay
Share Fund; Debt Opportunities Fund; and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund.
Interests in each portfolio (Fund) are represented by shares of the corresponding series. Each
share of each series represents an equal proportionate interest, together with each other share, in
the corresponding Fund. The shares of such series do not have any preemptive rights. Upon
liquidation of a Fund, shareholders of the corresponding series are entitled to share pro rata in
the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders. The Declaration of Trust
also permits the Trustees to charge shareholders directly for custodial, transfer agency, and
servicing expenses, but the Trustees have no present intention to make such charges.
The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees, without shareholder approval, to subdivide any
series of shares into various sub-series or classes of shares with such dividend preferences and
other rights as the Trustees may designate. This power is intended to allow the Trustees to
provide for an equitable allocation of the effect of any future regulatory requirements that might
affect various classes of shareholders differently. The Trustees have currently authorized the
establishment and designation of up to nine classes of shares for each series of the Trust: Class I
Shares, Class II Shares, Class III Shares, Class IV Shares, Class V Shares, Class VI Shares, Class
VII Shares, Class VIII Shares, and Class M Shares.
The Trustees may also, without shareholder approval, establish one or more additional separate
portfolios for investments in the Trust or merge two or more existing portfolios (i.e., a new
fund). Shareholders investments in such a portfolio would be evidenced by a separate series of
shares.
The Declaration of Trust provides for the perpetual existence of the Trust. The Trust, however, may
be terminated at any time by vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust.
While the Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees may also terminate the Trust upon
written notice to the shareholders, the 1940 Act requires that the Trust receive the authorization
of a majority of its outstanding shares in order to change the nature of its business so as to
cease to be an investment company.
On June 2, 2009, the following shareholders held greater than 25% of the outstanding shares of a
Fund of the Trust offered in the Private Placement Memoranda. For each shareholder listed that is
not an individual, the jurisdiction under the laws of which the shareholder is organized (if
applicable) is listed:
119
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jurisdiction
|
Fund*
|
|
Shareholders
|
|
of Organization
|
GMO Alternative
Asset Opportunity
Fund
|
|
GMO Benchmark Free Allocation Fund
Attn: Julie Coady
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
MA
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Special Purpose
Holding Fund
|
|
VERIB NYXF1776322
Attn: Mutual Funds Operations
PO Box 3198
Pittsburgh, PA 15230
|
|
DE
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO World
Opportunity Overlay
Fund
|
|
GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
MA
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Special
Situations Fund
|
|
GMO Global Balanced Asset
Allocation Fund
Attn: Laura Whitten
Evergreen Investment Services Inc.
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
MA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Asset Allocation Fund
Attn: Carol Kosel
Evergreen Investment Services Inc.
200 Berkley Street
21
st
Floor Fund
Administration
Boston, MA 02116
|
|
MA
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund will commence operations on or
following the date of this Statement of Additional Information and, therefore, have not yet offered
any shares for sale.
|
As a result, such shareholders may be deemed to control their respective series as such term is
defined in the 1940 Act.
Shareholders should be aware that to the extent a shareholders investment in a Fund exceeds
certain threshold amounts or percentages, the investment may constitute a reportable acquisition
under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act (HSR) and the shareholder may be required to make a corresponding
filing under HSR. HSR regulations are complex and shareholders should consult their legal advisers
about the precise HSR filing consequences of an investment in a Fund.
As of June 8, 2009, substantially all of each Funds shares were held by accounts for which the
120
Manager has investment discretion.
MULTIPLE CLASSES
The Manager makes all decisions relating to aggregation of accounts for purposes of determining
eligibility for the various classes of shares offered by a Fund. When making decisions regarding
whether accounts should be aggregated because they are part of a larger client relationship, the
Manager considers several factors including, but not limited to, whether: the multiple accounts are
for one or more subsidiaries of the same parent company; the multiple accounts have the same
beneficial owner regardless of the legal form of ownership; the investment mandate is the same or
substantially similar across the relationship; the asset allocation strategies are substantially
similar across the relationship; GMO reports to the same investment board; the consultant is the
same for the entire relationship; GMO services the relationship through a single GMO relationship
manager; the relationships have substantially similar reporting requirements; and/or the
relationship can be serviced from a single geographic location.
VOTING RIGHTS
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (with fractional votes for
fractional shares held) and to vote by individual Fund (to the extent described below) in the
election of Trustees and the termination of the Trust and on other matters submitted to the vote of
shareholders. Shareholders vote by individual Fund on all matters except (i) when required by the
1940 Act, shares are voted in the aggregate and not by individual Fund, and (ii) when the Trustees
have determined that the matter affects the interests of more than one Fund, then shareholders of
the affected Funds are entitled to vote. Shareholders of one Fund are not entitled to vote on
matters exclusively affecting another Fund including, without limitation, such matters as the
adoption of or change in the investment objectives, policies, or restrictions of the other Fund and
the approval of the investment advisory contract of the other Fund. Shareholders of a particular
class of shares do not have separate class voting rights except for matters that affect only that
class of shares and as otherwise required by law.
Normally the Trust does not hold meetings of shareholders to elect Trustees except in accordance
with the 1940 Act (i) the Trust will hold a shareholders meeting for the election of Trustees at
such time as less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders,
and (ii) if, as a result of a vacancy in the Board of Trustees, less than two-thirds of the
Trustees holding office have been elected by the shareholders, that vacancy may only be filled by a
vote of the shareholders. In addition, Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent
signed by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares and filed with the Trusts custodian
or by a vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for
that purpose, which meeting shall be held upon the written request of the holders of not less than
10% of the outstanding shares. Upon written request by the holders of at least 1% of the
outstanding shares stating that such shareholders wish to communicate with the other shareholders
for the purpose of obtaining the signatures necessary to demand a meeting to consider removal of a
Trustee, the Trust has undertaken to provide a list of shareholders or to disseminate appropriate
materials (at the expense of the requesting shareholders). Except as set
121
forth above, the Trustees
will continue to hold office and may appoint successor Trustees. Voting rights are not cumulative.
No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of a majority of
the outstanding shares of the Trust except (i) to change the Trusts name or to cure technical
problems in the Declaration of Trust and (ii) to establish, designate, or modify new and existing
series or sub-series of Trust shares or other provisions relating to Trust shares in response to
applicable laws or regulations.
SHAREHOLDER AND TRUSTEE LIABILITY
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under some circumstances, be held personally liable
for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder
liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of that disclaimer be given
in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees.
The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of all the property of a Fund for all
loss and expense of any shareholder of the Fund held personally liable for the obligations of the
Trust. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder
liability is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and the Fund in which
the shareholder holds shares is unable to meet its obligations.
The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of
judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a
Trustee against any liability to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his office. The By-Laws of the Trust provide for indemnification by the Trust of the
Trustees and the officers of the Trust except for any matter as to which any such person did not
act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Trust. Trustees and officers may not be indemnified against any liability to the
Trust or the Trust shareholders to which they would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of their office.
BENEFICIAL OWNERS OF 5% OR MORE OF THE FUNDS SHARES
The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders
owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Class III Shares of Alternative Asset Opportunity
Fund as of June 2, 2009:
122
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
GMO Benchmark Free Allocation Fund
Attn: Julie Coady
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
75.8
|
|
|
The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation
Attn: Mr. Ralph Stefano
Director of Finance
415 Madison Ave. 10
th
Floor
New York, NY 10017
|
|
|
10.7
|
|
|
Phillips Exeter Academy
Attn: Joseph Fellows
20 Main Street
Exeter, NH 03833
|
|
|
8.8
|
|
The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders
owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Class III Shares of Special Purpose Holding Fund
as of June 2, 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
VERIB NYXF1776322
Attn: Mutual Funds Operations
PO Box 3198
Pittsburgh, PA 15230
|
|
|
29.1
|
|
|
GMO Core Plus Bond Fund
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
16.9
|
|
|
JP Morgan Chase As Direct Trustee For The IBM
Personal Pension Plan
Attn: Lisa Pinsky JP Morgan Chase
3 Metrotech Center 5
th
Floor
Brooklyn, NY 11245
|
|
|
15.7
|
|
|
State Street Bank & Trust Co. as Trustee
For GMAM Group Pension Trust II
Attn: Jason Butler
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Two Avenue De Lafayette
Boston, MA 02111
|
|
|
8.9
|
|
|
GMO Global Bond Fund
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
8.3
|
|
123
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
GMO International Bond Fund
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
6.8
|
|
|
GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
5.2
|
|
The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders
owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of World Opportunity Overlay
Fund as of June 2, 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
55.6
|
|
|
GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
9.9
|
|
|
JP Morgan Chase As Direct Trustee For The IBM
Personal Pension Plan Trust
Attn: Lisa Pinsky JP Morgan Chase
3 Metrotech Center 5
th
Floor
Brooklyn, NY 11245
|
|
|
6.4
|
|
|
GMO Core Plus Bond Fund
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
|
GMO Global Bond Fund
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
5.9
|
|
The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders
owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class III Shares of Special Situations Fund as
of June 2, 2009:
124
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
Municipal Fire & Police Retirement
System of Iowa
Attn: Dennis Jacobs
7155 Lake Drive Suite 201
West Des Monies, IA 50266
|
|
|
22.2
|
|
|
Teachers Retirement System of the
City of New York
Attn: Azmy Salib
55 Water Street 16
th
Floor
New York, NY 10041
|
|
|
22.0
|
|
|
The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation
Attn: Mr. Ralph Stefano
Director of Finance
415 Madison Ave. 10
th
Floor
New York, NY 10017
|
|
|
17.5
|
|
|
Mars Pension Trustees Ltd
Discretionary Mandate
3D Dundee Road
Slough, Bershire, SL14LG
United Kingdom
|
|
|
15.3
|
|
|
Maximilian E & Marion O Hoffman Foundation
Attn: Michael Chaho
Treasurer & Chief Financial Officer
970 Farmington Ave Suite 203
West Hartford, CT 06107
|
|
|
6.6
|
|
|
Stichting Masterfoods Pensioenfonds
Discretionary Mandate
Taylorweg 5
5466 AE Weghel
The Netherlands
|
|
|
5.4
|
|
The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders
owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding of Class VI Shares of Special Situations Fund as
of June 2, 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
Asset Allocation Trust
Attn: Carol Kosel
Evergreen Investment Services Inc
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
45.1
|
|
125
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
GMO Global Balanced Asset Allocation Fund
Attn: Laura Whitten
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
29.4
|
|
|
GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund
Attn: Julie Coady
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
15.7
|
|
|
GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund
C/O GMO LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
9.7
|
|
Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund will commence operations on or
following the date of this Statement of Additional Information and, therefore, have not yet offered
any shares for sale.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Trusts audited financial statements, financial highlights, and report of the independent
registered public accounting firm of the Funds, included in the Annual Report for the fiscal year
ended February 28, 2009 for each of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Special Purpose Holding
Fund, Special Situations Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay Fund and filed with the SEC pursuant
to Section 30(d) of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder, are hereby incorporated in
this Statement of Additional Information by reference. Such Funds Annual Reports for the fiscal
year ended February 28, 2009 were filed electronically with the SEC on Form N-CSR on May 6, 2009
(Accession No. 0001104659-09-029785).
126
Appendix A
GMO TRUST
SPECIMEN PRICE MAKE-UP SHEET
Following are computations for each Fund of the total offering price per share of each class of
shares of beneficial interest of the Fund that are offered through the Private Placement Memoranda
and that had shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of February 28, 2009, in each case based
upon their respective net asset values and shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of the
close of business on February 28, 2009. Debt Opportunities Fund and High Quality Short-Duration
Bond Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information and, therefore, do not yet have any shares of beneficial interest outstanding.
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.94 per share
based on 1,020,688 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
22,388,867
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
21.94
|
|
Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $0.73 per share
based on 554,071 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
406,835
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
0.73
|
|
Special Situations Fund Class III
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $25.47 per share
based on 799,729 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
20,366,007
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
25.47
|
|
Special Situations Fund Class VI
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $25.51 per share
based on 12,785,983 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
326,147,970
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
25.51
|
|
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $18.35 per share
based on 43,086,310 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
790,479,685
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
18.35
|
|
A-1
Appendix B
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS
Commercial Paper Ratings
Standard & Poors
. Standard & Poors short-term ratings are generally assigned to those
obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means
obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days including commercial paper. The
following are excerpts from Standard & Poors short-term issue credit ratings definitions:
A-1 A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poors.
The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this
category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to adverse effects of
changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories.
However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However,
adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened
capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as having significant speculative
characteristics. Ratings of B-1, B-2, and B-3 may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions
within the B category. The obligator currently has the capacity to meet is financial commitment
on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligors
inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
C A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent
upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial
commitment on the obligation.
D A short-term obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used
when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has
not expired, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made during such grace
period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of
a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Moodys
.
Moodys short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term
financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs, or individual
short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding 13
months, unless explicitly noted. The following are excerpts from Moodys short-term ratings
definitions:
P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay
short-term debt obligations.
B-1
Appendix B
P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay
short-term debt obligations.
P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay
short-term debt obligations.
NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime
rating categories.
Corporate Debt Ratings
Standard & Poors
. A Standard & Poors issue credit rating is a current opinion of the
creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of
financial obligations, or a specific financial program. The following are excerpts from Standard &
Poors long-term issue credit ratings definitions:
AAA An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poors. The
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree.
The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse
economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the
obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, C Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having
significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the
highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics,
these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues.
However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or
economic conditions, which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial
commitment on the obligation.
B An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but
the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or
willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B-2
Appendix B
CCC An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon
favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the
obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business,
financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its
financial commitment on the obligation.
CC An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C A C rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment,
obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of
an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have no experienced
a payment default.
D An obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments
on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired,
unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D
rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action
if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on
which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poors does not rate a particular obligation as a matter
of policy.
Plus (+) or Minus (-) The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus
or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Moodys
.
Moodys long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of
fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the
possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings reflect both
the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default. The following
are excerpts from Moodys long-term obligation ratings definitions:
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit
risk.
A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered
medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements are subject to substantial
credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
B-3
Appendix B
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high
credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default,
with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with
little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moodys appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from
Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic
rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a
ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
B-4
Appendix C
GMO TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICY
I. Statement of Policy
GMO Trust (the Fund) delegates the authority and responsibility to vote proxies related to
portfolio securities to Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, its investment adviser (the
Adviser).
Therefore, the Board of Trustees (the Board) of the Fund has reviewed and approved the use of the
proxy voting policies and procedures of the Adviser (Proxy Voting Procedures) on behalf of the
Fund when exercising voting authority on behalf of the Fund.
II. Standard
The Adviser shall vote proxies related to portfolio securities in the best interests of the Fund
and their shareholders.
III. Review of Proxy Voting Procedures
The Board shall periodically review the Proxy Voting Procedures presented by the Adviser.
The Adviser shall provide periodic reports to the Board regarding any proxy votes where a material
conflict of interest was identified except in circumstances where the Adviser caused the proxy to
be voted consistent with the recommendation of the independent third party.
The Adviser shall notify the Board promptly of any material change to its Proxy Voting Procedures.
IV. Disclosure
The following disclosure shall be provided:
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A.
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|
The Adviser shall make available its proxy voting records, for inclusion in the
Funds Form N-PX.
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|
|
B.
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The Adviser shall cause the Fund to include the proxy voting policies and
procedures required in the Funds annual filing on Form N-CSR or the statement of
additional information.
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|
|
C.
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|
The Adviser shall cause the Funds shareholder reports to include a statement
that (i) a copy of these policies and procedures is available on the Funds web site
(if the Fund so chooses) and (ii) information is available regarding how the Funds
voted proxies during the most recent twelve-month period without charge, on or through
the Funds web site.
|
C-1
Appendix C
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
GMO Australasia LLC
(together GMO)
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Amended and Restated as of October 28, 2009
I.
Introduction and General Principles
GMO provides investment advisory services primarily to institutional, including both ERISA and
non-ERISA clients, and commercial clients. GMO understands that proxy voting is an integral aspect
of security ownership. Accordingly, in cases where GMO has been delegated authority to vote
proxies, that function must be conducted with the same degree of prudence and loyalty accorded any
fiduciary or other obligation of an investment manager.
This policy permits clients of GMO to: (1) delegate to GMO the responsibility and authority to vote
proxies on their behalf according to GMOs proxy voting polices and guidelines; (2) delegate to GMO
the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on their behalf according to the particular
clients own proxy voting policies and guidelines; or (3) elect to vote proxies themselves. In
instances where clients elect to vote their own proxies, GMO shall not be responsible for voting
proxies on behalf of such clients.
GMO believes that the following policies and procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that
proxy matters are conducted in the best interest of its clients, in accordance with GMOs fiduciary
duties, applicable rules under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and fiduciary standards and
responsibilities for ERISA clients set out in the Department of Labor interpretations.
II.
Proxy Voting Guidelines
GMO has engaged Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (ISS) as its proxy voting agent to:
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(1)
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research and make voting recommendations or, for matters for which GMO has so
delegated, to make the voting determinations;
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(2)
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ensure that proxies are voted and submitted in a timely manner;
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(3)
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handle other administrative functions of proxy voting;
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(4)
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|
maintain records of proxy statements received in connection with proxy votes
and provide copies of such proxy statements promptly upon request;
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(5)
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maintain records of votes cast; and
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(6)
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|
provide recommendations with respect to proxy voting matters in general.
|
C-2
Appendix C
Proxies generally will be voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the
applicable domestic or global ISS Proxy Voting Manual, as in effect from time to time, subject to
such modifications as may be determined by GMO (as described below). Copies of concise summaries
of the current domestic and global ISS proxy voting guidelines are attached to these Proxy Voting
Policies and Procedures as Exhibit A. To the extent GMO determines to adopt proxy voting
guidelines that differ from the ISS proxy voting recommendations, such guidelines will be set forth
on Exhibit B and proxies with respect to such matters will be voted in accordance with the
guidelines set forth on Exhibit B. GMO reserves the right to modify any of the recommendations set
forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual in the future. If any such changes are made, an amended
Exhibit B to these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures will be made available for clients.
Except in instances where a GMO client retains voting authority, GMO will instruct custodians of
client accounts to forward all proxy statements and materials received in respect of client
accounts to ISS.
In certain non-U.S. jurisdictions, shareholders voting shares of a portfolio company may have
difficulty trading the shares for a period of time around the shareholder meeting date. GMO will
generally not vote proxies unless it believes that the potential benefits of voting outweigh the
impairment of portfolio management flexibility. In addition, if a portfolio security is out on
loan, GMO generally will not arrange to have the security returned (and therefore GMO will not
vote) unless GMO believes that the benefits of voting outweigh the benefits of the loan.
III.
Proxy Voting Procedures
GMO has a Corporate Actions Group with responsibility for administering the proxy voting process,
including:
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1.
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Implementing and updating the applicable domestic and global ISS proxy voting
guidelines set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual, as modified from time to time by
Exhibit B hereto;
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2.
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Overseeing the proxy voting process; and
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3.
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Providing periodic reports to GMOs Compliance Department and clients as requested.
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There may be circumstances under which a portfolio manager or other GMO investment professional
(GMO Investment Professional) believes that it is in the best interest of a client or clients to
vote proxies in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II. In
such an event, the GMO Investment Professional will inform GMOs Corporate Actions Group of its
decision to vote such proxy in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in
Section II. GMOs Corporate Actions Group will report to GMOs Compliance Department no less than
quarterly any
C-3
Appendix C
instance where a GMO Investment Professional has decided to vote a proxy on behalf of a client in
that manner.
IV.
Conflicts of Interest
As ISS will vote proxies in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II,
GMO believes that this process is reasonably designed to address conflicts of interest that may
arise between GMO and a client as to how proxies are voted.
In instances where GMO has the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on behalf of its
clients for shares of GMO Trust, a registered mutual fund for which GMO serves as the investment
adviser, there may be instances where a conflict of interest exists. Accordingly, GMO will (i)
vote such proxies in the best interests of its clients with respect to routine matters, including
proxies relating to the election of Trustees; and (ii) with respect to matters where a conflict of
interest exists between GMO and GMO Trust, such as proxies relating to a new or amended investment
management contract between GMO Trust and GMO, or a re-organization of a series of GMO Trust, GMO
will either (a) vote such proxies in the same proportion as the votes cast with respect to that
proxy, or (b) seek instructions from its clients.
In addition, if GMO is aware that one of the following conditions exists with respect to a proxy,
GMO shall consider such event a potential material conflict of interest:
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1.
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GMO has a business relationship or potential relationship with the issuer;
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2.
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GMO has a business relationship with the proponent of the proxy proposal; or
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3.
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|
GMO members, employees or consultants have a personal or other business relationship
with the participants in the proxy contest, such as corporate directors or director
candidates.
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In the event of a potential material conflict of interest, GMO will (i) vote such proxy according
to Exhibit B (if applicable) or the specific recommendation of ISS; (ii) abstain; or (iii) request
that the client votes such proxy. All such instances shall be reported to GMOs Compliance
Department at least quarterly.
V.
Recordkeeping
GMO will maintain records relating to the implementation of these proxy voting policies and
procedures, including:
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(1)
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|
a copy of these policies and procedures which shall be made available to
clients, upon request;
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(2)
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a record of each vote cast (which ISS maintains on GMOs behalf); and
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(3)
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each written client request for proxy records and GMOs written response to
any client request for such records.
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C-4
Appendix C
Such proxy voting records shall be maintained for a period of five years.
VI.
Reporting
GMOs Compliance Department will provide GMOs Conflict of Interest Committee with periodic reports
that include a summary of instances where GMO has (i) voted proxies in a manner inconsistent with
the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II, (ii) voted proxies in circumstances in which a
material conflict of interest may exist as set forth in Section IV, and (iii) voted proxies of
shares of GMO Trust on behalf of its clients.
VII.
Disclosure
Except as otherwise required by law, GMO has a general policy of not disclosing to any issuer or
third party how GMO or its voting delegate voted a clients proxy.
C-5
Appendix C
Exhibit A
U.S. Proxy Voting Guidelines Concise Summary
(Digest of Selected Key Guidelines)
January 15, 2009
Copyright © 2009 by RiskMetrics Group.
The policies contained herein are a sampling of select, key proxy voting guidelines and are not
exhaustive. A full listing of RiskMetrics 2009 proxy voting guidelines can be found in the Jan. 15,
2009, edition of the U.S. Proxy Voting Manual.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make
copies of any part of this work should be sent to: RiskMetrics Group Marketing Department, One
Chase Manhattan Plaza, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10005. RiskMetrics Group is a trademark used herein
under license.
Risk Management | RiskMetrics Labs | ISS Governance Services | Financial Research Et Analysis
www.riskmetrics.com
C-6
Appendix C
1. Operational Items:
Auditor Ratification
Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply:
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An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore
not independent;
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There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is
neither accurate nor indicative of the companys financial position;
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Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a serious level of concern, such
as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404
disclosures; or
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Fees for non-audit services (Other fees) are excessive.
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Non-audit fees are excessive if:
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|
Non-audit (other) fees exceed audit fees + audit-related fees + tax compliance/preparation fees
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to prohibit or limit their auditors
from engaging in non-audit services.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking for audit firm rotation, taking into account:
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The tenure of the audit firm;
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The length of rotation specified in the proposal;
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Any significant audit-related issues at the company;
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The number of Audit Committee meetings held each year;
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The number of financial experts serving on the committee; and
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Whether the company has a periodic renewal process where the auditor is evaluated for
both audit quality and competitive price.
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C-7
Appendix C
2. Board of Directors:
Voting
on Director
1
Nominees in Uncontested Elections
Vote on director nominees should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote
AGAINST or WITHHOLD
2
from individual directors who:
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|
|
Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid excuse,
such as illness, service to the nation, work on behalf of the company, or funeral
obligations. If the company provides meaningful public or private disclosure explaining the
directors absences, evaluate the information on a CASE-BY-CASE basis taking into account
the following factors:
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Degree to which absences were due to an unavoidable conflict;
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Pattern of absenteeism; and
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Other extraordinary circumstances underlying the directors absence;
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Sit on more than six public company boards;
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|
Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies
besides their own withhold only at their outside boards.
|
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from all nominees of the board of directors, (except from new nominees,
who should be considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis) if:
|
|
|
The companys proxy indicates that not all directors attended 75% of the aggregate of
their board and committee meetings, but fails to provide the required disclosure of the
names of the directors involved. If this information cannot be obtained, vote
against/withhold from all incumbent directors;
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|
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|
The companys poison pill has a dead-hand or modified dead-hand feature. Vote
against/withhold every year until this feature is removed;
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|
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|
The board adopts or renews a poison pill without shareholder approval, does not commit
to putting it to shareholder vote within 12 months of adoption (or in the case of an newly
public company, does not commit to put the pill to a shareholder vote within 12 months
following the IPO), or reneges on a commitment to put the pill to a vote, and has not yet
received a withhold/ against recommendation for this issue;
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1
|
|
RiskMetrics classification of directors can be found
in
U.S. Proxy Voting Guidelines Summary
.
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2
|
|
In general, companies with a plurality vote standard
use Withhold as the valid opposition vote option in director elections;
companies with a majority vote standard use Against. However, it will vary by
company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid opposition vote
for the particular company.
|
C-8
Appendix C
|
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The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval by a majority
of the shares outstanding the previous year (a management proposal with other than a FOR
recommendation by management will not be considered as sufficient action taken);
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|
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The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval of the majority
of shares cast for the previous two consecutive years (a management proposal with other
than a FOR recommendation by management will not be considered as sufficient action taken);
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|
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The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of the shareholders
tendered their shares;
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At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent
withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the
underlying issue(s) that caused the high withhold/ against vote;
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The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic
governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote
recommendation is not up for election- any or all appropriate nominees (except new) may be
held accountable;
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|
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The board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance
relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one- and three-year total
shareholder returns in the bottom half of a companys four-digit GICS industry group
(Russell 3000 companies only).
|
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from Inside Directors and Affiliated Outside Directors (per the
Classification of Directors below) when:
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|
|
The inside or affiliated outside director serves on any of the three key committees:
audit, compensation, or nominating;
|
|
|
|
|
The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board
functions as that committee;
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The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if board attests that the
independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee;
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The full board is less than majority independent.
|
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Audit Committee if:
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|
|
The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive;
|
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|
|
|
The company receives an adverse opinion on the companys financial statements from its
auditor; or
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C-9
Appendix C
|
|
|
There is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate
indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its
shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.
|
Vote CASE-by-CASE on members of the Audit Committee and/or the full board if poor accounting
practices, which rise to a level of serious concern are identified, such as: fraud; misapplication
of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures.
Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence and duration, as well as the companys
efforts at remediation or corrective actions in determining whether negative vote recommendations
are warranted against the members of the Audit Committee who are responsible for the poor
accounting practices, or the entire board.
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee if:
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|
|
There is a negative correlation between the chief executives pay and company
performance (see discussion under Equity Compensation Plans);
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|
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|
The company reprices underwater options for stock, cash or other consideration without
prior shareholder approval, even if allowed in their equity plan;
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The company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a shareholder vote;
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The company fails to fulfill the terms of a burn rate commitment they made to
shareholders;
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The company has backdated options (see Options Backdating policy);
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The company has poor compensation practices (see Poor Pay Practices policy). Poor pay practices
may warrant withholding votes from the CEO and potentially the entire board as well.
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors, individually or the entire board, for egregious actions or
failure to replace management as appropriate.
Independent Chair (Separate Chair/CEO)
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that the chairmans position be filled by an
independent director, unless the company satisfies all of the following criteria:
The company maintains the following counterbalancing features:
|
|
|
Designated lead director, elected by and from the independent board members with clearly
delineated and comprehensive duties. (The role may alternatively reside with a presiding
director, vice chairman, or rotating lead director; however the director must serve a
minimum of one year in order to qualify as a lead director.) The duties should include, but
are not limited to, the following:
|
C-10
Appendix C
|
|
|
presides at all meetings of the board at which the chairman is not present,
including executive sessions of the independent directors;
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serves as liaison between the chairman and the independent directors;
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|
approves information sent to the board;
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approves meeting agendas for the board;
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approves meeting schedules to assure that there is sufficient time for discussion of
all agenda items;
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has the authority to call meetings of the independent directors;
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if requested by major shareholders, ensures that he is available for consultation
and direct communication;
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Two-thirds independent board;
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All independent key committees;
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Established governance guidelines;
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A company in the Russell 3000 universe must not have exhibited sustained poor total
shareholder return (TSR) performance, defined as one- and three-year TSR in the bottom half
of the companys four-digit GICS industry group within the Russell 3000 only), unless there
has been a change in the Chairman/CEO position within that time;
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|
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The company does not have any problematic governance or management issues, examples of
which include, but are not limited to:
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Egregious compensation practices;
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Multiple related-party transactions or other issues putting director independence at
risk;
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Corporate and/or management scandals;
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Excessive problematic corporate governance provisions; or
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|
Flagrant board or management actions with potential or realized negative impact on
shareholders.
|
Majority Vote Shareholder Proposals
Generally vote FOR precatory and binding resolutions requesting that the board change the companys
bylaws to stipulate that directors need to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast,
provided it does not conflict with the state law where the company is incorporated.
C-11
Appendix C
Binding resolutions need to allow for a carve- out for a plurality vote standard when there are
more nominees than board seats.
Companies are strongly encouraged to also adopt a post-election policy (also known as a director
resignation policy) that provides guidelines so that the company will promptly address the
situation of a holdover director.
Performance/Governance Evaluation for Directors
Vote WITHHOLD/AGAINST on all director nominees if the board lacks accountability and oversight,
coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers, measured by one- and three-year total
shareholder returns in the bottom half of a companys four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000
companies only).
Evaluate board accountability and oversight at companies that demonstrate sustained poor
performance. Problematic provisions include but are not limited to:
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|
|
a classified board structure;
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|
a supermajority vote requirement;
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majority vote standard for director elections with no carve out for contested elections;
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|
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the inability of shareholders to call special meetings;
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|
the inability of shareholders to act by written consent;
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a dual-class structure; and/or
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|
a non-shareholder approved poison pill.
|
If a company exhibits sustained poor performance coupled with a lack of board accountability and
oversight, also take into consideration the companys five-year total shareholder return and
five-year operational metrics in the evaluation.
3. Proxy Contests
Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following
factors:
|
|
|
Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry;
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|
Managements track record;
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|
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|
|
Background to the proxy contest;
|
C-12
Appendix C
|
|
|
Qualifications of director nominees (both slates);
|
|
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|
Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management;
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|
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Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates);
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Stock ownership positions.
|
Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. When voting in conjunction
with support of a dissident slate, vote FOR the reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation
expenses associated with the election.
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for the reimbursement of reasonable costs incurred
in connection with nominating one or more candidates in a contested election where the following
apply:
|
|
|
The election of fewer than 50% of the directors to be elected is contested in the
election;
|
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|
One or more of the dissidents candidates is elected;
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|
Shareholders are not permitted to cumulate their votes for directors; and
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|
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|
The election occurred, and the expenses were incurred, after the adoption of this bylaw.
|
4. Antitakeover Defenses and Voting Related Issues
Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals/Nominations
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on advance notice proposals, giving support to proposals that allow shareholders
to submit proposals/ nominations reasonably close to the meeting date and within the broadest
window possible, recognizing the need to allow sufficient notice for company, regulatory and
shareholder review.
To be reasonable, the companys deadline for shareholder notice of a proposal/ nominations must not
be more than 60 days prior to the meeting, with a submittal window of at least 30 days prior to the
deadline.
In general, support additional efforts by companies to ensure full disclosure in regard to a
proponents economic and voting position in the company so long as the informational requirements
are reasonable and aimed at providing shareholders with the necessary information to review such
proposal.
Poison Pills
Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the company submit its poison pill to a shareholder
vote or redeem it UNLESS the company has: (1) A shareholder approved poison pill
C-13
Appendix C
in place; or (2) The company has adopted a policy concerning the adoption of a pill in the future
specifying that the board will only adopt a shareholder rights plan if either:
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Shareholders have approved the adoption of the plan; or
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The board, in exercising its fiduciary responsibilities, determines that it is in the
best interest of shareholders under the circumstances to adopt a pill without the delay
that would result from seeking stockholder approval (i.e., the fiduciary out provision).
A poison pill adopted under this fiduciary out will be put to a shareholder ratification
vote within 12 months of adoption or expire. If the pill is not approved by a majority of
the votes cast on this issue, the plan will immediately terminate.
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Vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for poison pills to be put to a vote within a time period of
less than one year after adoption. If the company has no non-shareholder approved poison pill in
place and has adopted a policy with the provisions outlined above, vote AGAINST the proposal. If
these conditions are not met, vote FOR the proposal, but with the caveat that a vote within 12
months would be considered sufficient.
Vote CASE-by-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of
the shareholder rights plan. Rights plans should contain the following attributes:
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No lower than a 20% trigger, flip-in or flip-over;
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A term of no more than three years;
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No dead-hand, slow-hand, no-hand or similar feature that limits the ability of a future
board to redeem the pill;
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Shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause); if the board refuses to redeem
the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced, 10 percent of the shares may call a
special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill.
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In addition, the rationale for adopting the pill should be thoroughly explained by the company. In
examining the request for the pill, take into consideration the companys existing governance
structure, including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, and any problematic
governance concerns.
For management proposals to adopt a poison pill for the stated purpose of preserving a companys
net operating losses (NOL pills), the following factors should be considered:
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the trigger (NOL pills generally have a trigger slightly below 5%);
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the value of the NOLs;
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the term;
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shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision, causing expiration of the pill upon
exhaustion or expiration of NOLs); and
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C-14
Appendix C
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other factors that may be applicable.
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In addition, vote WITHHOLD/AGAINST the entire board of directors, (except new nominees, who should
be considered on a CASE-by-CASE basis) if the board adopts or renews a poison pill without
shareholder approval, does not commit to putting it to a shareholder vote within 12 months of
adoption (or in the case of a newly public company, does not commit to put the pill to a
shareholder vote within 12 months following the IPO), or reneges on a commitment to put the pill to
a vote, and has not yet received a withhold recommendation for this issue.
5. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings
Overall Approach
For mergers and acquisitions, review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed
transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:
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Valuation
Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the
acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for
assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market
reaction and strategic rationale.
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Market reaction
How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market
reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal.
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Strategic rationale
Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value
derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but
reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful
integration of historical acquisitions.
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Negotiations and process
Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at
arms-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best
price for shareholders. Significant negotiation wins can also signify the deal makers
competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial
auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value.
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Conflicts of interest
Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately
and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential
conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve
a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may
have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. The
change-in-control figure presented in the RMG Transaction Summary section of this report
is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true
value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive,
analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists.
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Governance
Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than
the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the
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C-15
Appendix C
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governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that
other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.
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6. State of Incorporation
Reincorporation Proposals
Evaluate management or shareholder proposals to change a companys state of incorporation on a
CASE-BY-CASE basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns
including the following:
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Reasons for reincorporation;
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Comparison of companys governance practices and provisions prior to and following the
reincorporation; and
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Comparison of corporation laws of original state and destination state Vote FOR
reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance
changes.
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7. Capital Structure
Common Stock Authorization
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for
issuance. Take into account company-specific factors which include, at a minimum, the following:
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Specific reasons/rationale for the proposed increase;
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The dilutive impact of the request as determined through an allowable cap generated by
RiskMetrics quantitative model;
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The boards governance structure and practices; and
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Risks to shareholders of not approving the request.
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Vote FOR proposals to approve increases beyond the allowable cap when a companys shares are in
danger of being delisted or if a companys ability to continue to operate as a going concern is
uncertain.
Preferred Stock
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of shares of preferred stock authorized for
issuance. Take into account company-specific factors which include, at a minimum, the following:
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Specific reasons/ rationale for the proposed increase;
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C-16
Appendix C
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The dilutive impact of the request as determined through an allowable cap generated by
RiskMetrics quantitative model;
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The boards governance structure and practices; and
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Risks to shareholders of not approving the request.
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Vote AGAINST proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified
voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights (blank check preferred stock).
Vote FOR proposals to create declawed blank check preferred stock (stock that cannot be used as a
takeover defense).
Vote FOR proposals to authorize preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting,
dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock appear
reasonable.
Vote AGAINST proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred stock authorized for
issuance when no shares have been issued or reserved for a specific purpose.
8. Executive and Director Compensation
Equity Compensation Plans
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on equity-based compensation plans. Vote AGAINST the equity plan if any of the
following factors apply:
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The total cost of the companys equity plans is unreasonable;
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The plan expressly permits the repricing of stock options/stock appreciation rights
(SARs) without prior shareholder approval;
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The CEO is a participant in the proposed equity-based compensation plan and there is a
disconnect between CEO pay and the companys performance where over 50 percent of the
year-over-year increase is attributed to equity awards;
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The companys three year burn rate exceeds the greater of 2% and the mean plus one
standard deviation of its industry group;
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The plan provides for the acceleration of vesting of equity awards even though an actual
change in control may not occur (e.g., upon shareholder approval of a transaction or the
announcement of a tender offer); or
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The plan is a vehicle for poor pay practices.
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C-17
Appendix C
Poor Pay Practices
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from compensation committee members, CEO, and potentially the entire
board, if the company has poor compensation practices. Vote AGAINST equity plans if the plan is a
vehicle for poor compensation practices.
The following practices, while not exhaustive, are examples of poor compensation practices that may
warrant withhold vote recommendations:
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Egregious employment contracts Contracts containing multi-year guarantees for salary
increases, bonuses and equity compensation;
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Excessive perks/tax reimbursements:
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Overly generous perquisites, which may include, but are not limited to the
following: personal use of corporate aircraft, personal security system maintenance
and/or installation, car allowances;
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Reimbursement of income taxes on executive perquisites or other payments;
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Perquisites for former executives, such as car allowances, personal use of corporate
aircraft or other inappropriate arrangements;
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Abnormally large bonus payouts without justifiable performance linkage or proper disclosure -
Performance metrics that are changed, canceled or replaced during the performance period without
adequate explanation of the action and the link to performance;
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Egregious pension/SERP (supplemental executive retirement plan) payouts:
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Inclusion of additional years of service not worked that result in significant
payouts;
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Inclusion of performance-based equity awards in the pension calculation;
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New CEO with overly generous new hire package:
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Excessive make whole provisions;
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Any of the poor pay practices listed in this policy;
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Excessive severance and/or change in control provisions:
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Inclusion of excessive change in control or severance payments, especially those
with a multiple in excess of 3X cash pay;
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Payments upon an executives termination in connection with performance failure;
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Change in control payouts without loss of job or substantial diminution of job
duties (single- triggered);
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C-18
Appendix C
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New or materially amended employment or severance agreements that provide for
modified single triggers, under which an executive may voluntarily leave for any reason
and still receive the change-in-control severance package;
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Liberal change in control definition in individual contracts or equity plans which
could result in payments to executives without an actual change in control occurring;
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New or materially amended employment or severance agreements that provide for an
excise tax gross-up. Modified gross-ups would be treated in the same manner as full
gross-ups;
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Perquisites for former executives such as car allowances, personal use of corporate
aircraft or other inappropriate arrangements;
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Dividends or dividend equivalents paid on unvested performance shares or units;
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Poor disclosure practices:
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Unclear explanation of how the CEO is involved in the pay setting process;
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Retrospective performance targets and methodology not discussed;
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Methodology for benchmarking practices and/or peer group not disclosed and
explained;
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Internal Pay Disparity:
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Excessive differential between CEO total pay and that of next highest paid named
executive officer (NEO);
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Options backdating (covered in a separate policy);
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Other excessive compensation payouts or poor pay practices at the company.
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Other Compensation Proposals and Policies
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay) Management Proposals
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals for an advisory vote on executive compensation. Vote
AGAINST these resolutions in cases where boards have failed to demonstrate good stewardship of
investors interests regarding executive compensation practices.
For U.S. companies, consider the following factors in the context of each companys specific
circumstances and the boards disclosed rationale for its practices:
C-19
Appendix C
Relative Considerations
:
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Assessment of performance metrics relative to business strategy, as discussed and
explained in the CD&A;
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Evaluation of peer groups used to set target pay or award opportunities;
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Alignment of company performance and executive pay trends over time (e.g., performance
down: pay down);
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Assessment of disparity between total pay of the CEO and other Named Executive Officers
(NEOs).
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Design Considerations
:
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Balance of fixed versus performance-driven pay;
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Assessment of excessive practices with respect to perks, severance packages,
supplemental executive pension plans, and burn rates.
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Communication Considerations
:
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Evaluation of information and board rationale provided in CD£tA about how compensation
is determined (e.g., why certain elements and pay targets are used, and specific incentive
plan goals, especially retrospective goals);
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Assessment of boards responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation
issues (e.g., in responding to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay
topics).
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Employee Stock Purchase Plans Non-Qualified Plans
Vote CASE-by-CASE on nonqualified employee stock purchase plans. Vote FOR nonqualified employee
stock purchase plans with all the following features:
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Broad-based participation (i.e., all employees of the company with the exclusion of
individuals with 5 percent or more of beneficial ownership of the company);
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Limits on employee contribution, which may be a fixed dollar amount or expressed as a
percent of base salary;
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Company matching contribution up to 25 percent of employees contribution, which is
effectively a discount of 20 percent from market value;
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No discount on the stock price on the date of purchase since there is a company matching
contribution.
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C-20
Appendix C
Vote AGAINST nonqualified employee stock purchase plans when any of the plan features do not meet
the above criteria. If the company matching contribution exceeds 25 percent of employees
contribution, evaluate the cost of the plan against its allowable cap.
Option Exchange Programs/Repricing Options
Vote CASE-by-CASE on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/ reprice options, taking
into consideration:
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Historic trading patternsthe stock price should not be so volatile that the options
are likely to be back in-the-money over the near term;
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Rationale for the re-pricingwas the stock price decline beyond managements control?
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Is this a value-for-value exchange?
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Are surrendered stock options added back to the plan reserve?
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Option vestingdoes the new option vest immediately or is there a black-out period?
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Term of the optionthe term should remain the same as that of the replaced option;
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Exercise priceshould be set at fair market or a premium to market;
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Participantsexecutive officers and directors should be excluded.
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If the surrendered options are added back to the equity plans for re-issuance, then also take into
consideration the companys total cost of equity plans and its three-year average burn rate.
In addition to the above considerations, evaluate the intent, rationale, and timing of the
repricing proposal. The proposal should clearly articulate why the board is choosing to conduct an
exchange program at this point in time. Repricing underwater options after a recent precipitous
drop in the companys stock price demonstrates poor timing. Repricing after a recent decline in
stock price triggers additional scrutiny and a potential AGAINST vote on the proposal. At a
minimum, the decline should not have happened within the past year. Also, consider the terms of the
surrendered options, such as the grant date, exercise price and vesting schedule. Grant dates of
surrendered options should be far enough back (two to three years) so as not to suggest that
repricings are being done to take advantage of short-term downward price movements. Similarly, the
exercise price of surrendered options should be above the 52-week high for the stock price.
Vote FOR shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote.
C-21
Appendix C
Other Shareholder Proposals on Compensation
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay)
Generally, vote FOR shareholder proposals that call for non-binding shareholder ratification of the
compensation of the Named Executive Officers and the accompanying narrative disclosure of material
factors provided to understand the Summary Compensation Table.
Golden Coffins/Executive Death Benefits
Generally vote FOR proposals calling on companies to adopt a policy of obtaining shareholder
approval for any future agreements and corporate policies that could oblige the company to make
payments or awards following the death of a senior executive in the form of unearned salary or
bonuses, accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites
and other payments or awards made in lieu of compensation. This would not apply to any benefit
programs or equity plan proposals for which the broad- based employee population is eligible.
Share Buyback Holding Periods
Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals prohibiting executives from selling shares of company
stock during periods in which the company has announced that it may or will be repurchasing shares
of its stock. Vote FOR the proposal when there is a pattern of abuse by executives exercising
options or selling shares during periods of share buybacks.
Stock Ownership or Holding Period Guidelines
Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a minimum amount of stock that directors
must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While RMG favors stock
ownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership
requirement.
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to adopt policies requiring Named
Executive Officers to retain 75% of the shares acquired through compensation plans while employed
and/or for two years following the termination of their employment, and to report to shareholders
regarding this policy. The following factors will be taken into account:
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Whether the company has any holding period, retention ratio, or officer ownership
requirements in place. These should consist of:
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Rigorous stock ownership guidelines, or
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A holding period requirement coupled with a significant long-term ownership
requirement, or
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A meaningful retention ratio,
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C-22
Appendix C
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Actual officer stock ownership and the degree to which it meets or exceeds the
proponents suggested holding period/ retention ratio or the companys own stock ownership
or retention requirements.
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Problematic pay practices, current and past, which may promote a short-term versus a
long-term focus.
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Tax Gross-Up Proposals
Generally vote FOR proposals asking companies to adopt a policy of not providing tax gross-up
payments to executives, except where gross-ups are provided pursuant to a plan, policy, or
arrangement applicable to management employees of the company, such as a relocation or expatriate
tax equalization policy.
9. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Issues
Overall Approach
When evaluating social and environmental shareholder proposals, RMG considers the following
factors:
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Whether adoption of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value;
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Whether the information requested concerns business issues that relate to a meaningful
percentage of the companys business as measured by sales, assets, and earnings;
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The degree to which the companys stated position on the issues raised in the proposal
could affect its reputation or sales, or leave it vulnerable to a boycott or selective
purchasing;
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Whether the issues presented are more appropriately/ effectively dealt with through
governmental or company-specific action;
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Whether the company has already responded in some appropriate manner to the request
embodied in the proposal;
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Whether the companys analysis and voting recommendation to shareholders are persuasive;
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What other companies have done in response to the issue addressed in the proposal;
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Whether the proposal itself is well framed and the cost of preparing the report is
reasonable;
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Whether implementation of the proposals request would achieve the proposals
objectives;
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Whether the subject of the proposal is best left to the discretion of the board;
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C-23
Appendix C
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Whether the requested information is available to shareholders either from the company
or from a publicly available source; and
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Whether providing this information would reveal proprietary or confidential information
that would place the company at a competitive disadvantage.
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Genetically Modified Ingredients
Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking suppliers, genetic research companies, restaurants and food
retail companies to voluntarily label genetically engineered (GE) ingredients in their products
and/or eliminate GE ingredients. The cost of labeling and/or phasing out the use of GE ingredients
may not be commensurate with the benefits to shareholders and is an issue better left to
regulators.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking for a report on the feasibility of labeling products
containing GE ingredients taking into account:
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The companys business and the proportion of it affected by the resolution;
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The quality of the companys disclosure on GE product labeling, related voluntary
initiatives, and how this disclosure compares with industry peer disclosure; and
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Companys current disclosure on the feasibility of GE product labeling, including
information on the related costs.
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Generally vote AGAINST proposals seeking a report on the social, health, and environmental effects
of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Studies of this sort are better undertaken by regulators
and the scientific community.
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to completely phase out GE ingredients from the companys products
or proposals asking for reports outlining the steps necessary to eliminate GE ingredients from the
companys products. Such resolutions presuppose that there are proven health risks to GE
ingredients (an issue better left to regulators) that may outweigh the economic benefits derived
from biotechnology.
Pharmaceutical Pricing, Access to Medicines, and Product Reimportation
Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that companies implement specific price restraints on
pharmaceutical products unless the company fails to adhere to legislative guidelines or industry
norms in its product pricing.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting that the company report on their product pricing policies
or their access to medicine policies, considering:
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The nature of the companys business and the potential for reputational and market risk
exposure;
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The existing disclosure of relevant policies;
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C-24
Appendix C
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Deviation from established industry norms;
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The companys existing, relevant initiatives to provide research and/or products to
disadvantaged consumers;
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Whether the proposal focuses on specific products or geographic regions; and
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The potential cost and scope of the requested report.
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Generally vote FOR proposals requesting that companies report on the financial and legal impact of
their prescription drug reimportation policies unless such information is already publicly
disclosed.
Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that companies adopt specific policies to encourage or
constrain prescription drug reimportation. Such matters are more appropriately the province of
legislative activity and may place the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its peers.
Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Domestic Partner Benefits
Generally vote FOR proposals seeking to amend a companys EEO statement or diversity policies to
prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity, unless the change would
result in excessive costs for the company.
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to extend company benefits to, or eliminate benefits from domestic
partners. Decisions regarding benefits should be left to the discretion of the company.
Climate Change
Generally vote FOR resolutions requesting that a company disclose information on the impact of
climate change on the companys operations and investments considering whether:
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The company already provides current, publicly-available information on the impacts that
climate change may have on the company as well as associated company policies and
procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities;
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The companys level of disclosure is at least comparable to that of industry peers; and
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There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with
the companys environmental performance.
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Lobbying Expenditures/Initiatives
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting information on a companys lobbying initiatives,
considering:
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Significant controversies, fines, or litigation surrounding a companys public policy
activities,
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C-25
Appendix C
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The companys current level of disclosure on lobbying strategy, and
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The impact that the policy issue may have on the companys business operations.
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Political Contributions and Trade Association Spending
Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking the company to affirm political nonpartisanship in the
workplace so long as:
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There are no recent, significant controversies, fines or litigation regarding the
companys political contributions or trade association spending; and
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The company has procedures in place to ensure that employee contributions to
company-sponsored political action committees (PACs) are strictly voluntary and prohibits
coercion.
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Vote AGAINST proposals to publish in newspapers and public media the companys political
contributions. Such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing
commensurate value to shareholders.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to improve the disclosure of a companys political contributions and
trade association spending, considering:
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Recent significant controversy or litigation related to the companys political
contributions or governmental affairs; and
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The public availability of a company policy on political contributions and trade
association spending including information on the types of organizations supported, the
business rationale for supporting these organizations, and the oversight and compliance
procedures related to such expenditures of corporate assets.
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Vote AGAINST proposals barring the company from making political contributions. Businesses are
affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level and barring political contributions
can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.
Vote AGAINST proposals asking for a list of company executives, directors, consultants, legal
counsels, lobbyists, or investment bankers that have prior government service and whether such
service had a bearing on the business of the company. Such a list would be burdensome to prepare
without providing any meaningful information to shareholders.
Labor and Human Rights Standards
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on company or company supplier labor and/or human
rights standards and policies unless such information is already publicly disclosed.
C-26
Appendix C
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to implement company or company supplier labor and/or human rights
standards and policies, considering:
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The degree to which existing relevant policies and practices are disclosed;
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Whether or not existing relevant policies are consistent with internationally recognized
standards;
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Whether company facilities and those of its suppliers are monitored and how;
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Company participation in fair labor organizations or other internationally recognized
human rights initiatives;
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Scope and nature of business conducted in markets known to have higher risk of workplace
labor/human rights abuse;
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Recent, significant company controversies, fines, or litigation regarding human rights
at the company or its suppliers;
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The scope of the request; and
|
|
|
|
|
Deviation from industry sector peer company standards and practices.
|
Sustainability Reporting
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on its policies, initiatives, and
oversight mechanisms related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless:
|
|
|
The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or policies
such as an Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) report; a comprehensive Code of Corporate
Conduct; and/or a Diversity Report; or
|
|
|
|
|
The company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting program based on
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within a specified time
frame
|
C-27
Appendix C
2009 INTERNATIONAL PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARY
JANUARY 15, 2009
Copyright © 2009 by RiskMetrics Group.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage
and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to
make copies of any part of this work should be sent to: RiskMetrics Group Marketing Department, One
Chase Manhattan Plaza, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10005. RiskMetrics Group is a trademark used herein
under license.
C-28
Appendix C
RISKMETRICS
2009 INTERNATIONAL PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARY
EFFECTIVE FOR MEETINGS ON OR AFTER FEB. 1, 2009
UPDATED JAN. 15, 2009
The following is a condensed version of the general policies for voting non-U.S. proxies contained
in the RiskMetrics (RMG) Proxy Voting Manual. In addition, RMG has country- and market-specific
policies, which are not captured below.
C-29
Appendix C
1. Operational Items
Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports
Vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:
|
|
|
There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or
|
|
|
|
|
The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should
be publicly disclosed.
|
Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees
Vote FOR the reelection of auditors and proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees,
unless:
|
|
|
There are serious concerns about the accounts presented or the audit procedures used;
|
|
|
|
|
The auditors are being changed without explanation; or
|
|
|
|
|
Non-audit-related fees are substantial or are routinely in excess of standard annual
audit-related fees.
|
Vote AGAINST the appointment of external auditors if they have previously served the company in an
executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.
Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors
Vote FOR the appointment or reelection of statutory auditors, unless:
|
|
|
There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures
used;
|
|
|
|
|
Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or
|
|
|
|
|
The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can
otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.
|
Allocation of Income
Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:
|
|
|
The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate
explanation; or
|
|
|
|
|
The payout is excessive given the companys financial position.
|
C-30
Appendix C
Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative
Vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.
Vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the
cash option is harmful to shareholder value.
Amendments to Articles of Association
Vote amendments to the articles of association on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Change in Company Fiscal Term
Vote FOR resolutions to change a companys fiscal term unless a companys motivation for the change
is to postpone its AGM.
Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership
Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless
specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.
Amend Quorum Requirements
Vote proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Transact Other Business
Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.
2. Board of Directors
Director Elections
Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:
|
|
|
Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner;
|
|
|
|
|
There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements;
|
|
|
|
|
There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest;
|
|
|
|
|
There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; or
|
|
|
|
|
The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards.
|
Vote FOR individual nominees unless there are specific concerns about the individual, such as
criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities.
C-31
Appendix C
Vote AGAINST individual directors if repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained
(in countries where this information is disclosed).
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder
nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, determining which directors are best suited to
add value for shareholders.
Vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation
committee and are required by law to be on those committees. Vote AGAINST employee and/or labor
representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, if they are not required
to be on those committees.
RMG Classification of Directors International Policy 2009
Executive Director
|
|
|
Employee or executive of the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Any director who is classified as a non-executive, but receives salary, fees, bonus,
and/or other benefits that are in line with the highest-paid executives of the company.
|
Non-Independent Non-Executive Director (NED)
|
|
|
Any director who is attested by the board to be a non-independent NED;
|
|
|
|
|
Any director specifically designated as a representative of a significant shareholder of
the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Any director who is also an employee or executive of a significant shareholder of the
company;
|
|
|
|
|
Beneficial owner (direct or indirect) of at least 10% of the companys stock, either in
economic terms or in voting rights (this may be aggregated if voting power is distributed
among more than one member of a defined group, e.g., family members who beneficially own
less than 10% individually, but collectively own more than 10%), unless market best
practice dictates a lower ownership and/or disclosure threshold (and in other special
market-specific circumstances);
|
|
|
|
|
Government representative;
|
|
|
|
|
Currently provides (or a
relative
3
provides) professional
services
4
to the company, to an affiliate of the company, or to an individual
officer of the company or of one of its affiliates in excess of $10,000 per year;
|
|
|
|
|
Represents customer, supplier, creditor, banker, or other entity with which company
maintains transactional/commercial relationship (unless company discloses information to
apply a materiality
test
5
;
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Relative follows the U.S. SECs definition of
immediate family members which covers spouses, parents, children,
stepparents, step-children, siblings, in-laws, and any person (other than a
tenant or employee) sharing the household of any director, nominee for
director, executive officer, or significant shareholder of the company.
|
|
4
|
|
Professional services can be characterized as advisory
in nature and generally include the following: investment banking/financial
advisory services; commercial banking (beyond deposit services); investment
services; insurance services, accounting/audit services; consulting services;
marketing services; and legal services. The case of participation in a banking
syndicate by a non-lead bank should be considered a transaction (and hence
subject to the associated materiality test) rather than a professional
relationship.
|
C-32
Appendix C
|
|
|
Any director who has conflicting or cross-directorships with executive directors or the
chairman of the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Relative
3
of a current employee of the company or its affiliates;
|
|
|
|
|
Relative
3
of a former executive of the company or its affiliates;
|
|
|
|
|
A new appointee elected other than by a formal process through the General Meeting (such
as a contractual appointment by a substantial shareholder);
|
|
|
|
|
Founder/co-founder/member of founding family but not currently an employee;
|
|
|
|
|
Former executive (5 year cooling off period);
|
|
|
|
|
Years of service is generally not a determining factor unless it is recommended best
practice in a market and/or in extreme circumstances, in which case it may be
considered.
6
|
Independent NED
|
|
|
No
material
7
connection, either directly or indirectly, to the company other
than a board seat.
|
Employee Representative
|
|
|
Represents employees or employee shareholders of the company (classified as employee
representative but considered a non-independent NED).
|
Discharge of Directors
Generally vote FOR the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or
supervisory board, unless there is reliable information about significant and compelling
controversies that the board is not fulfilling its fiduciary duties warranted by:
|
|
|
A lack of oversight or actions by board members which invoke shareholder distrust
related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or company
interest rather than in shareholder interest; or
|
|
|
|
|
Any legal issues (e.g. civil/criminal) aiming to hold the board responsible for breach
of trust in the past or related to currently alleged actions yet to be confirmed (and not
only the fiscal year in question), such as price fixing, insider trading, bribery, fraud,
and other illegal actions; or
|
|
|
|
|
Other egregious governance issues where shareholders will bring legal action against the
company or its directors.
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
If the company makes or receives annual payments
exceeding the greater of $200,000 or five percent of the recipients gross
revenues (the recipient is the party receiving the financial proceeds from the
transaction).
|
|
6
|
|
For example, in continental Europe, directors with a
tenure exceeding 12 years will be considered non-independent. In the United
Kingdom and Ireland, directors with a tenure exceeding nine years will be
considered non-independent, unless the company provides sufficient and clear
justification that the director is independent despite his long tenure.
|
|
7
|
|
For purposes of RMG director independence
classification, material will be defined as a standard of relationship
financial, personal or otherwise) that a reasonable person might conclude could
potentially influence ones objectivity in the boardroom in a manner that would
have a meaningful impact on an individuals ability to satisfy requisite
fiduciary standards on behalf of shareholders.
|
C-33
Appendix C
For markets which do not routinely request discharge resolutions (e.g. common law countries or
markets where discharge is not mandatory), analysts may voice concern in other appropriate agenda
items, such as approval of the annual accounts or other relevant resolutions, to enable
shareholders to express discontent with the board.
Director Compensation
Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive
relative to other companies in the country or industry.
Vote non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based
components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a
single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.
Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions
Vote proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers on a
CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify auditors.
Board Structure
Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.
Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.
Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of
the company or the board.
3. Capital Structure
Share Issuance Requests
General Issuances:
Vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued
capital.
Vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued
capital.
C-34
Appendix C
Specific Issuances:
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.
Increases in Authorized Capital
Vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current
authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new
authorization outstanding.
Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:
|
|
|
The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does
not meet RMG guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or
|
|
|
|
|
The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization
outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.
Reduction of Capital
Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are
unfavorable to shareholders.
Vote proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring on a CASE-BY-CASE
basis.
Capital Structures
Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share, one-vote capital structure.
Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual-class capital structures or the
creation of new or additional supervoting shares.
Preferred Stock
Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to
50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the
rights of existing shareholders.
Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of
common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets RMG guidelines on equity issuance
requests.
Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting
rights to the common shares.
C-35
Appendix C
Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the
authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.
Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Debt Issuance Requests
Vote non-convertible debt issuance requests on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, with or without preemptive
rights.
Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of
common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets RMG guidelines on equity issuance
requests.
Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring
would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.
Pledging of Assets for Debt
Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Increase in Borrowing Powers
Vote proposals to approve increases in a companys borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Share Repurchase Plans
Generally vote FOR share repurchase programs/market repurchase authorities, provided that the
proposal meets the following parameters:
|
|
|
Maximum volume: 10 percent for market repurchase within any single authority and 10
percent of outstanding shares to be kept in treasury (on the shelf);
|
|
|
|
|
Duration does not exceed 18 months.
|
For markets that either generally do not specify the maximum duration of the authority or seek a
duration beyond 18 months that is allowable under market specific legislation, RMG will assess the
companys historic practice. If there is evidence that a company has sought shareholder approval
for the authority to repurchase shares on an annual basis, RMG will support the proposed authority.
In addition, vote AGAINST any proposal where:
|
|
|
The repurchase can be used for takeover defenses;
|
|
|
|
|
There is clear evidence of abuse;
|
C-36
Appendix C
|
|
|
There is no safeguard against selective buybacks;
|
|
|
|
|
Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market
practice.
|
RMG may support share repurchase plans in excess of 10 percent volume under exceptional
circumstances, such as one-off company specific events (e.g. capital re-structuring). Such
proposals will be assessed case-by-case based on merits, which should be clearly disclosed in the
annual report, provided that following conditions are met:
|
|
|
The overall balance of the proposed plan seems to be clearly in shareholders interests;
|
|
|
|
|
The plan still respects the 10 percent maximum of shares to be kept in treasury.
|
Reissuance of Repurchased Shares
Vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this
authority in the past.
Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value
Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.
4. Other
Reorganizations/Restructurings
Vote reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Mergers and Acquisitions
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:
For every M&A analysis, RMG reviews publicly available information as of the date of the report and
evaluates the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes
countervailing factors including:
|
|
|
Valuation Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the
acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for
assessing valuation reasonableness, RMG places emphasis on the offer premium, market
reaction, and strategic rationale.
|
|
|
|
|
Market reaction How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market
reaction will cause RMG to scrutinize a deal more closely.
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic rationale Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value
derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but
|
C-37
Appendix C
|
|
|
reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful
integration of historical acquisitions.
|
|
|
|
|
Conflicts of interest Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately
and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? RMG will consider whether any
special interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend
the merger.
|
|
|
|
|
Governance Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than
the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the
governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that
other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.
|
Vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an
informed voting decision.
Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers
Vote proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Reincorporation Proposals
Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Expansion of Business Activities
Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into
risky areas.
Related-Party Transactions
Vote related-party transactions on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Compensation Plans
Vote compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Antitakeover Mechanisms
Generally vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals, unless they are structured in such a way that
they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.
Shareholder Proposals
Vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote FOR proposals that would improve the companys corporate governance or business profile at a
reasonable cost.
C-38
Appendix C
Vote AGAINST proposals that limit the companys business activities or capabilities or result in
significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.
C-39
Appendix C
Exhibit B
Modifications to recommendations set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Vote FOR proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder activity to take action by written consent.
Vote AGAINST proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.
Cumulative Voting
Vote FOR proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.
Vote AGAINST proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting.
Incumbent Director Nominees
Vote WITH managements recommendations regarding incumbent director nominees.
C-40
GMO TRUST
PART C.
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 23.
Exhibits
|
(a) 1.
|
|
Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of GMO Trust (the Trust
or Registrant), dated September 10, 2009 (the Declaration of Trust);
29
and
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to the Declaration of Trust Exhibit (a)2.
|
|
|
(b)
|
|
Amended and Restated By-laws of the Trust, effective as of March 1, 2007 (the
By-laws).
19
|
|
|
(c) 1.
|
|
Please refer to Article III (Shares) and Article V (Shareholders Voting Powers
and Meetings) of the Declaration of Trust, which is hereby incorporated by
reference;
4
and
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Please refer to Article 2 (Meetings of Shareholders) of the By-laws, which
is hereby incorporated by reference.
13
|
|
|
(d) 1.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tobacco-Free Core
Fund, and Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO);
18
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund (formerly GMO
International Core Fund), and GMO;
22
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Currency
Hedged International Equity Fund (formerly GMO Currency Hedged International Core
Fund), and GMO;
18
|
|
|
4.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Small Companies Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
5.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Countries Fund (formerly GMO Evolving Countries Fund), and GMO;
18
|
|
|
6.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Domestic
Bond Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
7.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Bond Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
8.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Currency
Hedged International Bond Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
9.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Country Debt Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
10.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Short-Duration Investment Fund (formerly GMO Short-Term Income Fund), and
GMO;
18
|
|
11.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Alpha Only
Fund (formerly GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund), and GMO;
18
|
|
|
12.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
13.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30,
2006, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO
U.S. Sector Fund and GMO U.S. Sector Allocation Fund), and GMO;
18
|
|
|
14.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Taiwan
Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
15.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Bond
Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
16.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30,
2006, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Real Estate Fund (formerly GMO REIT
Fund), and GMO;
18
|
|
|
17.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Foreign
Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
18.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
1
|
|
|
19.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global
Balanced Asset Allocation Fund (formerly GMO World Balanced Allocation Fund and
GMO World Equity Allocation Fund), and GMO;
2
|
|
|
20.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global
Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund), and
GMO;
2
|
|
|
21.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Core Plus
Bond Fund (formerly GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund and GMO Global Fund), and
GMO;
18
|
|
|
22.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tax-Managed
U.S. Equities Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
23.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund, and
GMO;
22
|
|
|
24.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special
Purpose Holding Fund (formerly GMO Alpha LIBOR Fund), and GMO;
3
|
|
|
25.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Foreign
Small Companies Fund, and GMO;
4
|
|
|
26.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, and GMO;
7
|
|
|
27.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Quality
Fund (formerly GMO U.S. Quality Equity Fund), and GMO;
9
|
|
|
28.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World
Opportunity Overlay Fund, and GMO;
10
|
|
29.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Strategic
Opportunities Allocation Fund (formerly GMO Strategic Balanced Allocation Fund),
and GMO;
11
|
|
|
30.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
11
|
|
|
31.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Alternative
Asset Opportunity Fund, and GMO;
12
|
|
|
32.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Developed World Stock Fund, and GMO;
22
|
|
|
33.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Core
Equity Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
34.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Intrinsic Value Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
35.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Growth
Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
36.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
37.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
38.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Core Equity Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
39.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Growth Equity Fund, and
GMO;
22
|
|
|
40.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Share Fund, and GMO;
15
|
|
|
41.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Strategic Fixed
Income Fund, and GMO;
16
|
|
|
42.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
16
|
|
|
43.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Inflation Indexed
Plus Bond Fund, and GMO;
17
|
|
|
44.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations
Fund, and GMO;
21
|
|
|
45.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities
Fund, and GMO;
23
|
|
|
46.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Arlington Fund, and
GMO;
24
|
|
|
47.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Berkeley Fund, and
GMO;
24
|
|
|
48.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Clarendon Fund, and
GMO;
24
|
|
|
49.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Dartmouth Fund, and
GMO;
24
|
|
50.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund,
and GMO;
25
|
|
|
51.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation
Bond Fund, and GMO;
25
|
|
|
52.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation
International Bond Fund, and GMO;
27
|
|
|
53.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World Opportunity
Overlay Share Fund, and GMO;
27
|
|
|
54.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of August 12, 2009,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Markets Fund, and GMO;
29
|
|
|
55.
|
|
Management Contract, dated as of December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on
behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, and GMO Exhibit (d)55; and
|
|
|
56.
|
|
Management Contract, dated as of December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, and GMO Exhibit (d)56.
|
|
|
(e) 1.
|
|
Distribution Agreement (the Distribution Agreement), dated March 31, 2009,
between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may
be amended from time to time, and Funds Distributor, LLC.
26
|
|
(i)
|
|
Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement as amended as of
December 2, 2009 Exhibit (e)1(i).
|
|
(f)
|
|
None.
|
|
|
(g) 1.
|
|
Form of Custodian Agreement (the IBT Custodian Agreement), dated August 1, 1991,
among the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed therein, GMO and Investors Bank & Trust
Company (IBT), as amended from time to time to include GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund, GMO
Domestic Bond Fund, GMO International Bond Fund, GMO Currency Hedged International Bond
Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO Real Estate Fund, GMO International Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Global Balanced Asset Allocation Fund, GMO Global Equity Allocation
Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund, GMO Core Plus Bond Fund, GMO Tax-Managed U.S.
Equities Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund, GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund, GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, GMO Quality Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, GMO
Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund,
GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Growth
Fund, GMO U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund, GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Share Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO International
|
|
|
|
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund, GMO
Special Situations Fund, GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund,
GMO Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share
Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond
Fund;
18
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated May
30, 2003, among the Trust, GMO and IBT;
8
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated July
25, 2007, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO and
State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street Bank) (as successor by
merger to IBT);
21
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated March
10, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and GMO Asset
Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to
IBT);
25
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement,
dated June 18, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation
International Bond Fund and GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO and
State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
27
|
|
|
(v)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement,
dated November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities
Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank
(as successor by merger to IBT) Exhibit (g)1(v);
|
|
2.
|
|
Form of Custodian Agreement (the BBH Custodian Agreement), dated June
29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule I
thereto, and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (BBH), as amended from time to time to
include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO International Growth
Equity Fund, GMO International Core Equity Fund, and GMO Flexible Equities
Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June
4, 2003, among the Trust and BBH;
8
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June
16, 2008, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and
BBH;
23
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June 30,
2009, among the Trust and BBH;
28
|
|
3.
|
|
Form of Accounting Agency Agreement (the Accounting Agency Agreement),
dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on
Schedule I thereto, and BBH, as amended to include GMO Taiwan Fund and GMO Flexible
Equities Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Form of Second Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement,
dated November 22, 2005, between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on
Schedule I thereto, and BBH;
18
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement, dated
June 16, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and
BBH;
23
|
|
4.
|
|
Form of 17f-5 Delegation Schedule (the Delegation Schedule), dated June
29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule 1
thereto, and BBH, as amended from time to time to include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO
Developed World Stock Fund, GMO International Growth Equity Fund, GMO International
Core Equity Fund, and GMO Flexible Equities Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Schedule, dated June 16,
2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and
BBH;
23
|
|
5.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Delegation Agreement (the Delegation
Agreement), dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Core Plus Bond
Fund, GMO International Bond Fund, GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund, GMO
Global Bond Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, and GMO Emerging Country Debt
Share Fund, and IBT, as amended from time to time to include GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Fund, GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities
Allocation Fund, GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid
Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Growth Fund, GMO U.S.
Intrinsic Value Fund, GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO Short-Duration Collateral Share
Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO International Opportunities Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund, GMO Special Situations Fund,
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO Asset Allocation
International Bond Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO Debt
Opportunities Fund, and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated July 25,
2007, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO and State
Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
21
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated March 10,
2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and GMO Asset
Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to
IBT);
25
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated
June 18, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation
International Bond Fund and GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO and
State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
27
and
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated
November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond
|
|
|
|
Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT) Exhibit
(g)5(iv).
|
|
(h) 1.
|
|
Form of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement), dated August 1, 1991, among the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed
therein, GMO and IBT, as amended from time to time to include GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO
Real Estate Fund, GMO Foreign Fund, GMO International Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Global
Balanced Asset Allocation Fund, GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed
Bond Fund, GMO Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO Core Plus Bond Fund, GMO Tax-Managed
International Equities Fund, GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt
Share Fund, GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund, GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund, GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, GMO Quality Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, GMO
Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund,
GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO International Growth Equity Fund, GMO International
Core Equity Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund,
GMO U.S. Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund, GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO International
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund, GMO Special
Situations Fund, GMO Flexible Equities Fund, GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, GMO Asset Allocation
Bond Fund, GMO Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay
Share Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond
Fund;
18
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated July 25, 2007, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special
Situations Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to
IBT);
21
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated June 16, 2008, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible
Equities Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
23
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated March 10, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Treasury Fund and GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank
(as successor by merger to IBT);
25
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated June 18, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset
Allocation International Bond Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund,
GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
27
|
|
(v)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt
Opportunities Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and
State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT) Exhibit (h)1(v);
|
|
2.
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund Expenses by GMO to
the Trust, dated as of December 2, 2009 Exhibit (h)2; and
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Amended and Restated Servicing Agreement, dated May 30, 1996, as amended
and restated effective December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit I thereto, and GMO Exhibit (h)3.
|
|
(i)
|
|
Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP Not applicable.
|
|
|
(j)
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Exhibit (j).
|
|
|
(k)
|
|
Financial StatementsNot applicable.
|
|
|
(l)
|
|
None.
|
|
|
(m) 1.
|
|
GMO Trust Amended and Restated Distribution and Service Plan (Class M), dated as
of November 15, 2001, as amended and restated as of June 30, 2009, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Appendix A thereto;
27
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Amended and Restated Administration Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2009,
on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit I thereto;
27
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Form of Service Agreement (Service Agreement), dated October 1, 2001,
between American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may be amended from time to
time;
5
|
|
(i)
|
|
Second Amendment to Service Agreement, dated September 9,
2005, between American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and the Trust, on
behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Assignment Agreement, effective as of April 2, 2007, between
Wachovia Bank, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. (f/k/a American Express
Financial Advisors Inc.) and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on
Schedule A thereto;
20
|
|
4.
|
|
Form of Services Agreement, dated as of March 2002, between Fidelity
Brokerage Services LLC and National Financial Services LLC, and the Trust, on behalf
of certain Funds listed on Exhibit B thereto;
6
|
|
|
5.
|
|
Funds Trading Agreement (Funds Trading Agreement), dated July 1, 2001,
between Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company, Inc. (FIIOC), IBT,
GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A
thereto;
18
|
|
(i)
|
|
Second Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
April 1, 2003, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Third Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
November 28, 2003, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Fourth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
April 1, 2004, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Fifth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
February 1, 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(v)
|
|
Sixth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of July,
2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed
on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(vi)
|
|
Seventh Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
September, 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
6.
|
|
Form of Funds Trading Agreement (BBH Funds Trading Agreement), dated
July 1, 2001, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO and the Trust on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Exhibit A thereto;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Form of First Amendment to the BBH Funds Trading Agreement,
dated January 1, 2002, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf
of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
6
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Second Amendment to the BBH Funds Trading Agreement, dated
July 1, 2002, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of
certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
7.
|
|
Form of Shareholder Services Agreement (Shareholder Services
Agreement), dated as of October 31, 2001, between Citistreet LLC (Citistreet) and
the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;
8
|
|
(i)
|
|
First Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of May 6, 2002, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Second Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of October 15, 2002, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Third Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of April 30, 2003, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Fourth Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of July 1, 2005, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
and
|
|
|
(v)
|
|
Fifth Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of September 1, 2005, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Attachment A thereto.
18
|
|
(n)
|
|
Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, effective June
1, 1996, as amended and restated June 15, 2009.
27
|
|
(o)
|
|
Reserved.
|
|
|
(p) 1.
|
|
GMO Code of Ethics, dated October 1, 2008, adopted by GMO, GMO Australasia LLC,
GMO Australia Ltd., GMO Singapore PTE Ltd., GMO Switzerland GMBH, GMO U.K. Ltd., GMO
Woolley Ltd., GMO Renewable Resources LLC, GMO Renewable Resources (in New Zealand), and
GMO Renewable Resources Uruguay, SRL.
25
|
|
|
2.
|
|
GMO Trust Code of Ethics, dated September 5, 2008, adopted by the
Trust.
24
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Code of Ethics for the Independent Trustees of GMO Trust, dated as of May
31, 2006, adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
19
|
|
|
|
1.
|
|
Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) as part of
Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
1933 Act) and Amendment No. 28 to the Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of
1940 Act (the 1940 Act) on March 13, 1996, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
2.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 30 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 28, 1996, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
3.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 60 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on December 30, 1999, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
4.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 63 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on July 3, 2000, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
5.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 1, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
6.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 77 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 1, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
7.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 84 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on November 26, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
8.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 89 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 30, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
9.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 90 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on October 31, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
10.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 126 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on November 18, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
11.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 105 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 131 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 15, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
12.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 132 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on March 29, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
13.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 113 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 141 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 30, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
14.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 142 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on August 17, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
15.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 146 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 1, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
|
|
16.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 17, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
17.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 125 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 153 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 31, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
18.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 154 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 28, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
19.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 127 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 156 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 1, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
20.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 128 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 158 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 29, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
21.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 159 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on July 27, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
22.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 161 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 27, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
23.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 163 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on July 25, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
24.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 164 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on December 24, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
25.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 133 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 167 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 13, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
26.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 169 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 1, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
27.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 170 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 26, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
28.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 137 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 172 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on July 17, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
29.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 139 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 174 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on October 30, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
Item 24.
Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with a Fund
|
|
|
|
|
Controlling Fund
|
|
Person Controlled
|
|
Nature of Control
|
GMO Alternative Asset
Opportunity Fund
|
|
GMO Alternative Asset SPC
Ltd.
(a) (b)
|
|
100% ownership
(c)
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Special Purpose
Holding Fund
|
|
GMO SPV I, LLC
(a) (d)
|
|
74.9% ownership
(c)
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
Included in the controlling Funds consolidated financial statements.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Organized under the laws of Bermuda.
|
|
(c)
|
|
As of the most recent fiscal year ended February 28, 2009.
|
|
(d)
|
|
Organized under the laws of the State of Delaware.
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Item 25.
Indemnification
Please refer to Article 4 (Indemnification) of the By-laws.
In addition, the Trust will maintain a trustees and officers liability insurance policy under
which the Trust and its trustees and officers will be named insureds. The Trust also has entered
into agreements with each of its trustees pursuant to which each of the Funds has agreed to
indemnify each Trustee to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law against any liability and
expense incurred by the Trustee by reason of the Trustee being or having been a Trustee.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
Securities Act) may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant
pursuant to the Trusts By-laws, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion
of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses
incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful
defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling
person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the
opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy
as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
Item 26.
Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
A description of the business of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, the investment
adviser of the Funds of the Registrant (the Investment Adviser), is set forth under the captions
Management of the Trust in the prospectuses and Investment Advisory and Other Services in the
statements of additional information, all forming part of this Registration Statement.
Except as set forth below, the directors, officers, and members of the Investment Adviser,
have been engaged during the past two fiscal years in no business, profession, vocation or
employment of a substantial nature other than as directors, officers, or members of the Investment
Adviser or certain of its affiliates. Certain directors, officers, and members of the Investment
Adviser serve as officers or trustees of the Registrant as set forth under the caption Management
of the Trust in the Registrants statements of additional information, forming part of this
Registration Statement, and/or as officers and/or directors of certain private investment companies
managed by the Investment Adviser or certain of its affiliates. The address of the Investment
Adviser and the Registrant is 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
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|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
Paul J. Bostock
|
|
Member
|
|
Director, Inquire UK,
Baldocks Barn
Chiddingstone
Causway, Tonbridge, Kent
TN11 8JX
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arjun Divecha
|
|
Member and Chairman of the
Board of Directors
|
|
Director, Frog Hollow
Fresh LLC,
P.O. Box
872,
Brentwood, CA
94513
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Jeremy Grantham
|
|
Founding Member and Member of
the Board of Directors
|
|
CFA Institute
Investors Working
Group (IWG) Member,
560 Ray C. Hunt
Drive,
Charlottesville, VA
22903; MSPCC
Investment Committee,
555 Amory Street,
Jamaica Plain, MA
02130; Board of
Directors,
Environmental
Defense, 257 Park
Avenue South, New
York, NY 10010; Board
Member, Imperial
College of London
Grantham Institute
for Climate Change,
London SW7 2AZ; Board
Member, London School
of Economics
Grantham Institute
for Climate Change,
Houghton Street,
London, WC2A 2AE
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jon Hagler
|
|
Member of the Board of Directors
|
|
Overseers Advisory
Board, WGBH Boston,
125 Western Ave.,
Boston, MA 02134;
Trustee Emeritus,
Texas A&M Foundation,
Texas A&M University,
College Station, TX
77843; Chairman,
Vision
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
|
|
|
|
2020 Advisory
Council, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, TX 77843
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bevis Longstreth
|
|
Member of the Board of Directors
|
|
Trustee, College
Retirement Equity
Fund, 730 Third Ave.,
NY, NY 10017-3206;
Director, AMVESCAP,
1315 Peachtree
Street, NE, Atlanta,
GA 30309; Expert
witness in periodic
securities
litigation; Trustee
and financial adviser
to certain high net
worth
individuals/families;
Historical novelist;
Fiduciary for various
not-for-profit
institutions
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Rosenblum
|
|
Vice Chairman and Member of the
Board of Directors
|
|
Director, The
Chesapeake
Corporation, 1021
East Cary Street,
Richmond, VA 23219;
Trustee, Landmark
Volunteers, P.O. Box
455, Sheffield, MA
01257;
Jamestown-Yorktown
Foundation, Inc.,
P.O. Box 1607,
Williamsburg, VA
23187-1607; American
Civil War Center
Foundation, 200 S.
Third St., Richmond,
VA 23219; Chair of
the Board, Atlantic
Challenge, 643 Main
St., Rockland, ME
04841; University
Symphony Society, 112
Old Cabell Hall,
Charlottesville, VA
22903; Treasurer and
Board Member,
Farnsworth Art
Museum, 16 Museum
Street, Rockland,
Maine 04841
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eyk Van Otterloo
|
|
Founding Member and Member of
the Board of Directors
|
|
Chairman of the
Board, Chemonics
International, 1133
20th Street, NW,
Suite 600,
Washington, D.C.
20036; Board Member,
Dimensional
Photonics, 187
Ballardvale Street,
Suite A135,
Wilmington, MA 01887,
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
|
|
|
|
Board Member,
CliniLabs, 423 W.
55th Street, 4th
Floor, New York, NY
10019, Overseer,
Peabody Essex Museum,
East India Square,
Salem, MA 01970
|
Item 27.
Principal Underwriters
Item 27(a). Funds Distributor, LLC (FD) acts as principal underwriter for the following
investment companies:
GMO Trust
Munder Series Trust II
Munder Series Trust
FD is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a
member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. FD has its main address at 10 High Street,
Suite 302, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. FD is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside
Financial Group LLC.
Item 27(b). Information about Directors and Officers of FD is as follows:
|
|
|
Director or Officer
|
|
Positions and Offices with FD
|
Mark S. Redman
|
|
President and Manager
|
Jennifer Hoopes
|
|
Secretary
|
Richard J. Berthy
|
|
Treasurer, Vice President and Manager
|
Linda C. Carley
|
|
Chief Compliance Officer
|
James E. (Ed) Pike
|
|
Financial and Operations Principal
|
The above FD directors and officers do not have positions or offices with the Trust.
Item 27(c). Other Compensation received by FD from certain Funds of the Trust with respect to the
last fiscal year
(a)
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class M
(b)
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
|
GMO Fund Name
|
|
March 1, 2008 through February 28, 2009
|
GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund
|
|
$
|
76,964
|
|
GMO U.S. Growth Fund
|
|
$
|
58,102
|
|
GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund
|
|
$
|
37,266
|
|
GMO Foreign Fund
|
|
$
|
14,551
|
|
GMO Emerging Countries Fund
|
|
$
|
71,415
|
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
FD is entitled to receive any distribution and service (12b-1) fees paid by
the Class M Shares for services rendered and expenses borne by FD which are primarily intended to
result in the sale of Class M shares and/or the provision of certain other services incidental
thereto. During the last fiscal year, FD did not retain any of the distribution and service
(12b-1) fees paid by the Funds and directed that the Funds remit the distribution and service
(12b-1) fees directly to certain third party intermediaries who rendered services to the Funds.
|
|
|
|
(b)
|
|
Other classes of the GMO Funds do not pay distribution (12b-1) fees or any other
type of commission or compensation to FD.
|
Item 28.
Location of Accounts and Records
The accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) and the
rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of the Registrant, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA
02110; the Registrants investment adviser, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, MA 02110; the Registrants distributor, Funds Distributor, LLC, 10 High Street, Suite 302,
Boston, MA 02110; the Registrants custodian for certain of the Funds, Brown Brothers Harriman &
Co., 40 Water Street, Boston, MA 02109; and the Registrants custodian for certain of the Funds and
transfer agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111.
Item 29.
Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 30.
Undertakings
None.
Notice
A copy of the Declaration of Trust, together with all amendments thereto, is on file with the
Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this instrument is
executed on behalf of the Trust by an officer of the Trust as an officer and not individually and
that the obligations of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or officers of the
Trust or shareholders of any series of the Trust individually but are binding only upon the assets
and property of the Trust or the respective series.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), the
Registrant, GMO Trust, has duly caused this Amendment No. 175 under the 1940 Act to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Boston and The
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the 2
nd
day of December, 2009.
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Trust
|
|
|
By:
|
J.B. KITTREDGE*
|
|
|
|
J.B. Kittredge
|
|
|
|
Title:
|
President; Chief Executive Officer;
Principal Executive Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*By:
|
/s/ JASON HARRISON
|
|
|
|
Jason Harrison
|
|
|
|
Attorney-in-Fact**
|
|
|
|
|
|
**
|
|
Pursuant to Power of Attorney for J.B. Kittredge filed with the
SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 139 to the Registration
Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 and Amendment No. 174 to
the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on October 30, 2009.
|
GMO TRUST DECEMBER 2009 POS AMI FILING
EXHIBIT INDEX
GMO TRUST
|
|
|
Exhibit Ref.
|
|
Title of Exhibit
|
Item 23.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a)2
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to the Declaration of Trust.
|
|
|
|
(d)55
|
|
Management Contract, dated as of December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on
behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, and GMO.
|
|
|
|
(d)56
|
|
Management Contract, dated as of December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on
behalf of GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, and GMO.
|
|
|
|
(e)1(i)
|
|
Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement as amended as of December 2, 2009.
|
|
|
|
(g)1(v)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated November 25,
2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund and GMO High
Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by
merger to IBT).
|
|
|
|
(g)5(iv)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated November 25,
2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund and GMO High
Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by
merger to IBT).
|
|
|
|
(h)1(v)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated
November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as
successor by merger to IBT).
|
|
|
|
(h)2
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund Expenses by GMO to the
Trust, dated as of December 2, 2009.
|
|
|
|
(h)3
|
|
Amended and Restated Servicing Agreement, dated May 30, 1996, as amended and
restated effective December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit I thereto, and GMO.
|
|
|
|
(j)
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
|
|
|
|
Other.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Certificate of Clerk of the Trust certifying resolution by the Board of
Trustees of the Trust required pursuant to Rule 483 under the Securities Act
of 1933.
|