UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): January 21, 2010
 
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
         
Bermuda   001-33606   98-0501001
(State or other jurisdiction   (Commission File Number)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
of incorporation)      
29 Richmond Road, Pembroke, HM 08 Bermuda
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (441) 278-9000
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
 
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
o      Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
o      Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
o      Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
o      Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
 
 

 


 

Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.
Underwriting Agreement.
     On January 21, 2010, Validus Holdings, Ltd. (the “Company”) entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Goldman, Sachs & Co., as representative of the several underwriters named therein, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Underwriters $250 million aggregate principal amount of its 8.875% Senior Notes due 2040 (the “Notes”). The Underwriting Agreement contains representations, covenants and closing conditions that the Company believes are usual and customary for underwriting agreements relating to underwritten offerings of unsecured senior notes.
     The closing of the sale of the Notes occurred on January 26, 2010. The Notes were registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The net proceeds from the offering of the Notes, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, were approximately $244.3 million and will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include the repurchase of the Company’s outstanding capital stock, dividends to the Company’ shareholders and/or potential acquisitions. The Company currently has no agreements or letters of intent to make any acquisitions.
     A copy of the Underwriting Agreement is attached hereto as Exhibit 1.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Indenture and Supplemental Indenture.
     The Notes are governed by an Indenture, dated as of January 26, 2010 (the “Indenture”), by and between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by a first supplemental indenture (the “Supplemental Indenture”), dated as of January 26, 2010, between the Company and the Trustee.
     The Notes are the Company’s unsecured and unsubordinated obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of its existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The Notes will bear interest at a rate of 8.875% per year from January 26, 2010 to maturity or early redemption. Interest on the Notes is payable semiannually on January 26 and July 26 of each year, commencing on July 26, 2010. The Notes have no sinking fund or mandatory redemption. The Company may redeem the Notes in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a redemption price equal to the greater of the principal amount of the Notes or a make-whole price, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
     Copies of the Indenture and the Supplemental Indenture are attached hereto as Exhibit 4.1 and Exhibit 4.2, respectively, and are incorporated herein by reference. The form of Note issued pursuant to the First Supplemental Indenture is included as Exhibit I to the Supplemental Indenture and incorporated herein by reference. The description of the material terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Indenture and the Supplemental Indenture are qualified in their entirety by reference to such exhibits.
Item 2.03. Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant.
     See the description regarding the Company’s issuance and sale of the Notes contained in Item 1.01 above, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 


 

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.
     In connection with the offering of the Notes, the Company is filing certain exhibits as part of this Form 8-K that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement related to the Notes.
(d) Exhibits
     
Exhibit   Description
Exhibit 1.1
  Underwriting Agreement, by and among Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Goldman, Sachs & Co., dated January 21, 2010.
 
 
Exhibit 4.1
  Indenture, by and between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and The Bank of New York Mellon, dated January 26, 2010.
 
 
Exhibit 4.2
  First Supplemental Indenture, by and between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and The Bank of New York Mellon, dated January 26, 2010.
 
 
Exhibit 5.1
  Opinion of Appleby.
 
 
Exhibit 5.2
  Opinion of Cahill Gordon & Reindel llp .
 
 
Exhibit 15.1
  Letter Regarding Unaudited Interim Financial Information.
 
 
Exhibit 23.1
  Consent of Appleby (included in Exhibit 5.1).
 
 
Exhibit 23.2
  Consent of Cahill Gordon & Reindel llp (included in Exhibit 5.2)
 
 
Exhibit 23.3
  Consent of KPMG.

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SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
Date: January 26, 2010
         
  VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
(Registrant)
 
 
  By:   /s/ Robert F. Kuzloski    
    Name:   Robert F. Kuzloski   
    Title:   Senior Vice President,
Assistant General Counsel 
 

 


 

EXHIBIT INDEX
     
Exhibit   Description
Exhibit 1.1
  Underwriting Agreement, by and among Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Goldman, Sachs & Co., dated January 21, 2010.
 
 
Exhibit 4.1
  Indenture, by and between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and The Bank of New York Mellon, dated January 26, 2010.
 
 
Exhibit 4.2
  First Supplemental Indenture, by and between Validus Holdings, Ltd. and The Bank of New York Mellon, dated January 26, 2010.
 
 
Exhibit 5.1
  Opinion of Appleby.
 
 
Exhibit 5.2
  Opinion of Cahill Gordon & Reindel llp .
 
 
Exhibit 15.1
  Letter Regarding Unaudited Interim Financial Information.
 
 
Exhibit 23.1
  Consent of Appleby (included in Exhibit 5.1).
 
 
Exhibit 23.2
  Consent of Cahill Gordon & Reindel llp (included in Exhibit 5.2)
 
 
Exhibit 23.3
  Consent of KPMG.

 

Exhibit 1.1
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
(a Bermuda holding company)
8.875% Notes due 2040
 
Underwriting Agreement
January 21, 2010
Goldman, Sachs & Co.
200 West Street
New York, New York 10282-2198
As representative of the several Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto,
Ladies and Gentlemen:
     Validus Holdings, Ltd., an exempted company incorporated in Bermuda as a holding company (the “Company”), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein, to issue and sell to the underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (collectively, the “Underwriters,” which term shall also include any underwriter substituted as hereinafter provided in Section 10 hereof), for whom Goldman, Sachs & Co. is acting as representative (the “Representative”), an aggregate of $250,000,000 principal amount of 8.875% Notes due 2040 of the Company (the “Securities”).
     The Securities will be issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Base Indenture”) to be dated as of the date of the Time of Delivery (as defined in Section 2(c)) between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (the “Trustee”), which will be substantially in the form filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement, as supplemented by the first supplemental indenture (the “First Supplemental Indenture”) between the Company and the Trustee to be dated as of the date of the Time of Delivery. The Base Indenture and the First Supplemental Indenture are referred to herein collectively as the “Indenture”.
     1.  Representations and Warranties by the Company . The Company represents and warrants to each Underwriter as of the date hereof and as of the Time of Delivery referred to in Section 2(c)(i) hereof, and agrees with each Underwriter, as follows:
     (a) Compliance with Registration Requirements and Securities Laws .
     (i) An “automatic shelf registration statement” as defined under Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) on Form S-3ASR (File No.

 


 

333-152856) in respect of the Securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) not earlier than three years prior to the date hereof; such registration statement, and any post-effective amendment thereto, became effective on filing; and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of such registration statement or any part thereof has been issued and no proceeding for that purpose has been initiated or threatened by the Commission, and no notice of objection of the Commission to the use of such registration statement or any post-effective amendment thereto pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the 1933 Act has been received by the Company (the base prospectus filed as part of such registration statement, in the form in which it has most recently been filed with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Agreement, is hereinafter called the “Basic Prospectus”; any preliminary prospectus (including any preliminary prospectus supplement) relating to the Securities filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act is hereinafter called a “Preliminary Prospectus”; the various parts of such registration statement, including all exhibits thereto but excluding Form T-1 and including any prospectus supplement relating to the Securities that is filed with the Commission and deemed by virtue of Rule 430B to be part of such registration statement, each as amended at the time such part of the registration statement became effective, are hereinafter collectively called the “Registration Statement”; the Basic Prospectus, as amended and supplemented immediately prior to the Applicable Time (as defined in Section 1(a)(iii) hereof), is hereinafter called the “Pricing Prospectus”; the form of the final prospectus relating to the Securities filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act in accordance with Section 3(a) hereof is hereinafter called the “Prospectus”; any reference herein to the Basic Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act, as of the date of such prospectus; any reference to any amendment or supplement to the Basic Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, any prospectus supplement relating to the Securities filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act and any documents filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and incorporated therein, in each case after the date of the Basic Prospectus, such Preliminary Prospectus, or the Prospectus, as the case may be; any reference to any amendment to the Registration Statement shall be deemed to refer to and include any annual report of the Company filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the 1934 Act after the effective date of the Registration Statement that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement; and any “issuer free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 433 under the 1933 Act relating to the Securities is hereinafter called an “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus”);
     (ii) No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus has been issued by the Commission, and each Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects with the requirements of the 1933 Act, and did not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided , however , that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with

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information furnished in writing to the Company by an Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use therein;
     (iii) For the purposes of this Agreement, the “Applicable Time” is 3:40 p.m. (Eastern time) on the date of this Agreement; the Pricing Prospectus as supplemented by the final term sheet prepared and filed pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof, taken together (collectively, the “Pricing Disclosure Package”) as of the Applicable Time, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading provided , however that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to any statements in or omissions from the Pricing Disclosure Package made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by an Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use in such Pricing Disclosure Package; and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus listed on Schedule II(a) hereto does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus and each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as supplemented by and taken together with the Pricing Disclosure Package as of the Applicable Time, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided , however , that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to statements or omissions made in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by an Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use therein;
     (iv) The documents incorporated by reference in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, when they became effective or were filed with the Commission, as the case may be, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder; and no such documents were filed with the Commission since the Commission’s close of business on the Business Day immediately prior to the date of this Agreement and prior to the execution of this Agreement, except as set forth on Schedule II(b) hereto; and
     (v) The Registration Statement conforms, and the Prospectus and any further amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will conform, in all material respects to the requirements of the 1933 Act and the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (the “Trust Indenture Act”) and do not and will not, as of the applicable effective date as to each part of the Registration Statement and as of the applicable filing date as to the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (as to the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus only, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading; provided , however , that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by an Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use therein.

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     (b) Independent Accountants of the Company . PricewaterhouseCoopers, who have certified the consolidated financial statements and supporting schedules of the Company and who have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting in each case that are included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
     (c) Independent Accountants of IPC . KPMG, who have certified the consolidated financial statements and supporting schedules of IPC Holdings, Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, organized under the laws of Bermuda (“IPC” and, together with its subsidiaries, the “IPC Group”), that are included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, is, to the knowledge of the Company, an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
     (d) Financial Statements .
     (i) The consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, together with the related schedules and notes, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries at the dates indicated and the statement of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries for the periods specified; said financial statements have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved. The historical financial statements of IPC and its consolidated subsidiaries incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, together with the related schedules and notes, to the knowledge of the Company, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of IPC and its consolidated subsidiaries at the dates indicated and the statement of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows of IPC and its consolidated subsidiaries for the periods specified; to the knowledge of the Company, such financial statements of IPC and its consolidated subsidiaries have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved. The financial statement schedules, if any, included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly, in all material respects, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the information required to be stated therein.
     (ii) The pro forma financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, together with the related notes, present fairly the information shown therein, have been prepared in accordance with the applicable requirements of the 1933 Act or 1934 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and the assumptions used in the preparation thereof are reasonable and the adjustments used therein are appropriate to give effect to the transactions referred to therein.

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     (e) Good Standing of the Company . The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as an exempted company in good standing under the laws of Bermuda and has the necessary corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement; and the Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure so to qualify or to be in good standing would not result in a Material Adverse Effect. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Material Adverse Effect” is defined as a material adverse change or any development or event that could reasonably be expected to result in a prospective material adverse change in the financial condition, results of operations or business affairs of the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business.
     (f) Good Standing of Subsidiaries . Each Significant Subsidiary (as defined below) of the Company has been duly incorporated or organized and is validly existing as a company or corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization and has the necessary corporate power to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus and is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure so to qualify or to be in good standing would not result in a Material Adverse Effect; except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, all of the issued and outstanding share capital or capital stock of each Significant Subsidiary has been duly authorized and validly issued, is fully paid and non-assessable and is owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance, claim or equity interest; none of the outstanding shares of share capital or capital stock of any subsidiary was issued in violation of the preemptive or similar rights of any securityholder of such subsidiary. For purposes of this Agreement, “Subsidiary” means, as applied to any person, any corporation of which an aggregate of greater than 50% of the outstanding Voting Shares of such entity is, at any time, directly or indirectly, owned by such person and/or one or more subsidiaries of such person (or if the concept of Voting Shares is inapplicable to such entity, “Subsidiary” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Act) and “Significant Subsidiary” shall have the meaning of “significant subsidiary” as set forth in Regulation S-X; for purposes of the definition of “Subsidiary,” “Voting Shares” means, with respect to any corporation, the capital stock having the general voting power under ordinary circumstances to elect at least a majority of the board of directors (irrespective of whether or not at the time stock of any other class or classes shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency). The subsidiaries listed on Schedule III hereto are the only Significant Subsidiaries of the Company.
     (g) Capitalization . The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus and all of the issued shares of capital stock of

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the Company (A) have been duly authorized and validly issued, (B) are fully paid and non-assessable and (C) were not issued in violation of the preemptive or similar rights of any securityholder of the Company.
     (h) Authorization and Description of Securities . The Securities have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered pursuant to this Agreement, will have been duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered and will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company entitled to the benefits provided by the Indenture; the Indenture has been duly authorized and duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act and, when executed and delivered by the Company and the Trustee, will constitute a valid and legally binding instrument, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject, as to enforcement, to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization and other laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles; and the Securities and the Indenture will conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof in the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
     (i) Authorization and Execution of Agreement . This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
     (j) Certain Information . The statements set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus under the captions “Description of the Notes”, “Description of the Debt Securities” and “Underwriting”, insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the Securities and the other documents described therein are accurate, complete and fair in all material respects.
     (k) Absence of Defaults and Conflicts . (i) Neither the Company nor any of its Significant Subsidiaries is in violation of its charter, memorandum of association, bye-laws, by-laws or similar incorporation or organizational documents or (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries in violation or default in the performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan or credit agreement, note, lease or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound, or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any subsidiary is subject (collectively, “Agreements and Instruments”), except in the case of clause (ii), for such violations and defaults that would not result in a Material Adverse Effect; and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Securities and the Indenture, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement, the Securities, the Indenture and the Registration Statement (including the issue and sale of the Securities), and compliance by the Company with its obligations under this Agreement, the Securities and the Indenture, do not and will not, whether with or without the giving of notice or passage of time or both, conflict with or result in a breach of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any subsidiary pursuant to, the Agreements and Instruments, nor will such action result in any violation of the provisions of the charter, memorandum of association, bye-laws, by-laws or similar organizational documents of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary or any applicable law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment,

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order, writ or decree of any government, government instrumentality or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any subsidiary or any of their assets, properties or operations, except in each case (other than with respect to such charter, memorandum of association, bye-laws, by-laws or similar organizational documents of the Company or any Significant Subsidiary) for such conflicts, violations, breaches or defaults which would not result in a Material Adverse Effect.
     (l) Financial Assistance . On the date hereof and upon the issuance of the Securities, the Company is and will be in compliance with Section 39 and/or entitled to one or more of the exclusions therefrom set forth in Section 39A of the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda.
     (m) Absence of Proceedings . Other than as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus prior to the date hereof, or as encountered in the ordinary course of business in the Company’s activities, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or brought by any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, now pending, or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any subsidiary or the properties or assets thereof, which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or which would reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement, the Securities or the Indenture, or the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder or in the Securities or the Indenture.
     (n) Title to Intellectual Property . Other than as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries own or possess, or can acquire on reasonable terms, adequate patents, patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks, trade names or other intellectual property (collectively, “Intellectual Property”) necessary to carry on the business now operated by them except where the failure to own or possess, or to be able to acquire such Intellectual Property, would not have a Material Adverse Effect, and, other than as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice or is otherwise aware of any infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property or of any facts or circumstances which would render any Intellectual Property invalid or inadequate to protect the interest of the Company or any of its subsidiaries therein, and which infringement or conflict (if the subject of any unfavorable decision, ruling or finding) or invalidity or inadequacy, individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect.
     (o) Absence of Further Requirements . No consent, approval, authorization, order, filing, registration or qualification of or with any court or governmental authority or agency or any sub-division thereof having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is required for the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, in connection with the offering, issuance or sale of the Securities under this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Securities or the Indenture, except (i) such as have been already obtained

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or as may be required under the 1933 Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and state securities or blue sky laws, (ii) such as have been obtained from the Bermuda Monetary Authority and (iii) the Prospectus will be filed at the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda pursuant to the laws of Bermuda.
     (p) Licenses and Permits . Other than as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, each of the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries possesses all consents, authorizations, approvals, orders, licenses, certificates, or permits issued by any regulatory agencies or bodies (collectively, “Permits”) which are necessary to conduct the business now conducted by it as described in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, except where the failure to possess such Permits, individually or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect; all of such Permits are valid and in full force and effect, except where the invalidity of such Permits or the failure to be in full force and effect, individually or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending, or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or investigation against or involving the Company or its Significant Subsidiaries (and the Company knows of no reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or investigation) that individually or in the aggregate would reasonably be expected to lead to the revocation, modification, termination, suspension or any other impairment of the rights of the holder of any such Permit which revocation, modification, termination, suspension or other impairment would have a Material Adverse Effect.
     (q) Compliance with Applicable Laws . Other than as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation or default of any statute, law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any court, regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company or any such subsidiary or any of its properties, as applicable, except for such violations or defaults which, individually or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
     (r) No Material Adverse Effect . Neither the Company nor any of its Significant Subsidiaries has sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Pricing Prospectus any material loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus, which loss or interference would have a Material Adverse Effect, or would reasonably be expected to have a prospective Material Adverse Effect, and since the date as of which information is given in the Pricing Prospectus, there has not been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries (other than (i) the purchase of the Company’s common shares made pursuant to the Company’s share repurchase program, which as of January 15, 2010 amounted to 3,593,871 common shares; (ii) the repurchase by the Company of $14,500,000 face amount of its 8.48% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Debentures; (iii) the vesting of 372,370 of the Company’s restricted shares; and (iv) the exercise of 152,801 options to purchase common shares) or any material adverse change, or any development that would be reasonably expected to involve a prospective material adverse change, in or

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affecting the general affairs, management, financial position, shareholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries taken as a whole, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus.
     (s) Stabilization . Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its affiliates has taken any action which is designed to or which has constituted or which might have been expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company in connection with the offering of the Securities in violation of the 1934 Act.
     (t) Tax Liabilities and Reserves . Other than as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, any tax returns required to be filed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries in any jurisdiction have been filed and any taxes, including any withholding taxes, excise taxes, penalties and interest, assessments and fees and other charges due or claimed to be due from such entities have been paid, other than any of those being contested in good faith and for which adequate reserves have been provided or any of those currently payable without penalty or interest, except to the extent that the failure to so file or pay would not result in a Material Adverse Effect; provided , that this representation and warranty in respect of the IPC Group extends only to the knowledge of the Company. Other than as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, to the knowledge of the Company and its subsidiaries, there is no material proposed tax deficiency, assessment, charge or levy against the Company or any of its subsidiaries, as to which a reserve would be required to be established under U.S. GAAP, that has not been so reserved or that should be disclosed in the Registration Statement that has not been so disclosed, except for any such deficiency, assessment, charge or levy which, individually or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
     (u) Accounting Controls . The Company maintains, on behalf of itself and its Subsidiaries, a system of internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the 1934 Act) sufficient to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective and the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its system of internal control over financial reporting; and since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Pricing Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting.
     (v) Disclosure Controls . The Company maintains, on behalf of itself and its Subsidiaries, disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the 1934 Act) that comply with the requirements of the 1934 Act; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its subsidiaries is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer by others within those entities; and such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

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     (w) Investment Company Act . The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offer and sale of the Securities and the application of the proceeds thereof, will not be an “investment company” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
     (x) Rule 405 . (A)(i) At the time of filing the Registration Statement, (ii) at the time of the most recent amendment thereto for the purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the 1933 Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective amendment, incorporated report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the 1934 Act or form of prospectus), and (iii) at the time the Company or any person acting on its behalf (within the meaning, for this clause only, of Rule 163(c) under the 1933 Act) made any offer relating to the Securities in reliance on the exemption of Rule 163 under the 1933 Act, the Company was a “well-known seasoned issuer” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act; and (B) at the earliest time after the filing of the Registration Statement that the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the 1933 Act) of the Securities, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act.
     (y) No Real Property; Leases . Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries owns any real property; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries.
     (z) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act . Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “FCPA”), including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any “foreign official” (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in contravention of the FCPA, except for any violations that would not have a Material Adverse Effect or a material adverse effect on the offering and sale of the Securities, and the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, its affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith.
     (aa) Money Laundering Laws . The operations of the Company are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations

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thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), except for any violations that would not have a Material Adverse Effect or a material adverse effect on the offering and sale of the Securities, and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened.
     (bb) OFAC . Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or person acting on behalf of the Company is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.
     2.  Sale and Delivery to Underwriters; Closing .
     (a) Subject to the terms and conditions herein, the Company agrees to issue and sell to each of the Underwriters, and each of the Underwriters agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company, at a purchase price of 97.835% of the principal amount thereof, the principal amount of Securities set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I hereto.
     (b) Upon the authorization by you of the release of the Securities, the several Underwriters propose to offer the Securities for sale upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus.
     (c) (i) The Securities to be purchased by each Underwriter hereunder will be represented by one or more definitive global Securities in book-entry form which will be deposited by or on behalf of the Company with The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its designated custodian. The Company will deliver the Securities to the Representative, for the account of each Underwriter, against payment by or on behalf of such Underwriter of the purchase price therefor by wire transfer of Federal (same-day) funds to the account specified by the Company to the Representative at least forty-eight hours in advance, by causing DTC to credit the Securities to the account of the Representative at DTC. The Company will cause the certificates representing the Securities, if any, to be made available to the Representative for checking and packaging at least twenty-four hours prior to the Time of Delivery (as defined below) with respect thereto at the office of DTC or its designated custodian (the “Designated Office”). The time and date of such delivery and payment shall be 9:30 a.m., New York City time, on January 26, 2010 or such other time and date as the Representative and the Company may agree upon in writing. Such time and date are herein called the “Time of Delivery.”
     (ii) The documents to be delivered at the Time of Delivery by or on behalf of the parties hereto pursuant to Section 6 hereof, including the cross receipt for the Securities and any additional documents requested by the Underwriters pursuant to Section 6 hereof, will be delivered

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at the offices of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Four Times Square, New York, New York 10036-6522 or at such other location as the Representative and the Company may agree (the “Closing Location”), and the Securities will be delivered at the Designated Office, all at the Time of Delivery. A meeting will be held at the Closing Location at 3:00 p.m., New York City time, on the New York Business Day next preceding the Time of Delivery, at which meeting the final drafts of the documents to be delivered pursuant to the preceding sentence will be available for review by the parties hereto. For the purposes of this Agreement, “New York Business Day” shall mean each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which banking institutions in New York City are generally authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day” shall mean any day when the Commission’s office in Washington, D.C. is open for business.
     3.  Covenants of the Company . The Company covenants with each Underwriter as follows:
     (a) Compliance with Securities Regulations and Commission Requests . To prepare the Prospectus in a form approved by the Representative and to file such Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act not later than the Commission’s close of business on the second Business Day following the date of this Agreement; to make no further amendment or any supplement to the Registration Statement, the Basic Prospectus or the Prospectus prior to the Time of Delivery which shall be disapproved by the Representative promptly after reasonable notice thereof; to advise the Representative, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and to furnish the Representative with copies thereof; to prepare a final term sheet, containing solely a description of the Securities, in a form approved by the Representative and to file such term sheet pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the 1933 Act within the time required by such Rule; to file promptly all other material required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the 1933 Act within the time required by such Rule; to file promptly all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the 1934 Act subsequent to the date of the Prospectus and for so long as the delivery of a prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the 1933 Act) is required in connection with the offering or sale of the Securities; to advise the Representative, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the issuance by the Commission prior to the completion of the distribution of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement (the date of which shall be confirmed to the Company by the Representative) of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or other prospectus in respect of the Securities, of any notice of objection of the Commission to the use of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the 1933 Act, of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission prior to the completion of the distribution of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement for the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or for additional information; and, in the event of the issuance of any stop

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order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or other prospectus or suspending any such qualification, to promptly use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal of such order; and in the event of any such issuance of a notice of objection, promptly to take such steps including, without limitation, amending the Registration Statement or filing a new registration statement, at its own expense, as may be required to permit offers and sales of the Securities by the Underwriters (references herein to the Registration Statement shall include any such amendment or new registration statement).
     (b) Rule 424(b) . If required by Rule 430B(h) under the 1933 Act, to prepare a form of prospectus in a form approved by the Representative and to file such form of prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act not later than may be required by Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act; and to make no further amendment or supplement to such form of prospectus which shall be disapproved by the Representative promptly after reasonable notice thereof.
     (c) Renewal Deadline . If by the third anniversary (the “Renewal Deadline”) of the initial effective date of the Registration Statement, any of the Securities remain unsold by the Underwriters, the Company will file, if it has not already done so and is eligible to do so, a new automatic shelf registration statement relating to the Securities, in a form satisfactory to the Representative. If at the Renewal Deadline the Company is no longer eligible to file an automatic shelf registration statement, the Company will, if it has not already done so, file a new shelf registration statement relating to the Securities, in a form satisfactory to the Representative and will use its best efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective within 180 days after the Renewal Deadline. The Company will take all other action necessary or appropriate to permit the public offering and sale of the Securities to continue as contemplated in the expired registration statement relating to the Securities. References herein to the Registration Statement shall include such new automatic shelf registration statement or such new shelf registration statement, as the case may be.
     (d) Qualification of Securities . Promptly from time to time to take such action as the Representative may reasonably request to qualify the Securities for offering and sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as the Representative may request and to comply with such laws so as to permit the continuance of sales and dealings therein in such jurisdictions for as long as may be necessary to complete the distribution of the Securities, provided that in connection therewith the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction.
     (e) Delivery of Prospectus . Prior to 3:00 p.m., New York City time, on the New York Business Day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and from time to time, to furnish the Underwriters with written and electronic copies of the Prospectus in New York City in such quantities as the Representative may reasonably request, and, if the delivery of a prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the 1933 Act) is required at any time prior to the expiration of nine months after the time of issue of the Prospectus in connection with the offering or sale of the Securities and if

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at such time any event shall have occurred as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made when such Prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the 1933 Act) is delivered, not misleading, or, if for any other reason it shall be necessary during such same period to amend or supplement the Prospectus or to file under the 1934 Act any document incorporated by reference in the Prospectus in order to comply with the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act or the Trust Indenture Act, to notify the Representative and upon the Representative’s request to file such document and to prepare and furnish without charge to each Underwriter and to any dealer in securities as many written and electronic copies as the Representative may from time to time reasonably request of an amended Prospectus or a supplement to the Prospectus which will correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; and in case any Underwriter is required to deliver a prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the 1933 Act) in connection with sales of any of the Securities at any time nine months or more after the time of issue of the Prospectus, upon the request of any Underwriter but at the expense of such Underwriter, to prepare and deliver to such Underwriter as many written and electronic copies as such Underwriter may request of an amended or supplemented Prospectus complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the 1933 Act; the Representative will inform the Company when the Underwriters’ obligation to deliver a prospectus has expired.
     (f) Rule 158 . To timely file such reports pursuant to the 1934 Act as are necessary in order to make generally available to its securityholders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than sixteen months after the effective date of the Registration Statement (as defined in Rule 158(c) under the 1933 Act), an earnings statement of the Company and its subsidiaries (which need not be audited) complying with Section 11(a) of the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (including, at the option of the Company, Rule 158).
     (g) Lock-up . During the period beginning from the date hereof and continuing to and including the later of the Time of Delivery and such earlier time as you may notify the Company, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise dispose, except as provided hereunder of, any securities of the Company that are substantially similar to the Securities.
     (h) Filing Fee . To pay the required Commission filing fees relating to the Securities within the time required by Rule 456(b)(1) under the 1933 Act without regard to the proviso therein and otherwise in accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the 1933 Act.
     (i) Net Proceeds . To use the net proceeds received by it from the sale of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement in the manner specified in the Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus under the caption “Use of Proceeds.”
     (j) Company Logo . Upon request of any Underwriter, to furnish, or cause to be furnished, to such Underwriter an electronic version of the Company’s official logo

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for use on the website operated by such Underwriter for the sole purpose of facilitating the on-line offering of the Securities (the “License”); provided , however , that the License shall be used solely for the purpose described above, is granted without any fee and may not be assigned or transferred.
     4.  Free Writing Prospectus .
     (a) (i) The Company represents and agrees that, other than the final term sheet prepared and filed pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof, without the prior consent of the Representative, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute a “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act;
     (ii) each Underwriter represents and agrees that, without the prior consent of the Company and the Representative, other than one or more term sheets relating to the Securities containing customary information (which, in their final form, will not be inconsistent with the final term sheet) and conveyed to purchasers of Securities, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute a free writing prospectus; and
     (iii) any such free writing prospectus the use of which has been consented to by the Company and the Representative (including the final term sheet prepared and filed pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof) is listed on Schedule II(a) hereto.
     (b) The Company has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 under the 1933 Act applicable to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission or retention where required and legending; and the Company represents that it has satisfied and agrees that it will satisfy the conditions under Rule 433 under the 1933 Act to avoid a requirement to file with the Commission any electronic road show.
     (c) The Company agrees that if at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus any event occurred or occurs as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus would conflict with the information in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then prevailing, not misleading, the Company will give prompt notice thereof to the Representative and, if requested by the Representative, will prepare and furnish without charge to each Underwriter an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or other document which will correct such conflict, statement or omission; provided , however , that this covenant shall not apply to any statements or omissions in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by an Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use therein.
     5.  Payment of Expenses . The Company covenants and agrees with the several Underwriters that the Company will pay or cause to be paid the following: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and accountants in connection with the registration of the Securities under the 1933 Act and all other expenses in connection with the preparation, printing, reproduction and filing of the Registration Statement, the Basic Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and

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amendments and supplements thereto (including financial statements and exhibits) and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriters and dealers; (ii) the cost of printing or producing any Agreement among Underwriters, this Agreement, the Indenture, the Blue Sky Memorandum, closing documents (including any compilations thereof) and any other documents as may be required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale and delivery of the Securities; (iii) all expenses in connection with the qualification of the Securities for offering and sale under state securities laws as provided in Section 3(d) hereof, including filing fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with such qualification and in connection with the Blue Sky survey; (iv) any fees charged by securities rating services for rating the Securities; (v) the filing fees incident to, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters in connection with, any required review by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) of the terms of the sale of the Securities; (vi) the cost of preparing the Securities; (vii) the fees and expenses of the Trustee and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Trustee in connection with the Indenture and the Securities; and (viii) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of the Company’s obligations hereunder which are not otherwise specifically provided for in this Section. It is understood, however, that, except as provided in this Section, and Sections 7 and 9 hereof, the Underwriters will pay all of their own costs and expenses, including the fees of their counsel, transfer taxes on resale of any of the Securities by them, and any advertising expenses connected with any offers they may make. All payments to be made by the Company under this Agreement shall be made without withholding or deduction for or on account of any present or future taxes, duties or governmental charges whatsoever unless the Company is compelled by law to deduct or withhold such taxes, duties or charges. In that event, the Company shall pay such additional amounts as may be necessary in order that the net amounts received after such withholding or deduction shall equal the amounts that would have been received if no withholding or deduction had been made.
     6.  Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations . The obligations of the several Underwriters hereunder shall be subject, in their discretion, to the condition that all representations and warranties and other statements of the Company contained herein are, at and as of the Time of Delivery, true and correct, the condition that the Company shall have performed all of its obligations hereunder theretofore to be performed, and to the following further conditions:
     (a) Effectiveness of Registration Statement . The Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by the rules and regulations under the 1933 Act and in accordance with Section 3(a) hereof; the final term sheet contemplated by Section 3(a) hereof, and any other material required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the 1933 Act, shall have been filed with the Commission within the applicable time periods prescribed for such filings by Rule 433; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission and no notice of objection of the Commission to the use of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the 1933 Act shall have been received; no stop order suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have

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been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and all requests for additional information on the part of the Commission shall have been complied with to the Representative’s reasonable satisfaction.
     (b) Opinion of Counsel for Company . The Representative shall have received the written opinion and letter, dated the Time of Delivery, of Cahill Gordon & Reindel llp , outside counsel for the Company, substantially in the forms attached as Exhibits A-1 and A-2 hereto.
     (c) Opinion of Local Counsel for Company . The Representative shall have received the written opinion, dated the Time of Delivery, of Appleby, special Bermuda counsel for the Company, in the form attached as Exhibit B hereto.
     (d) Opinion of Counsel for Underwriters . The Representative shall have received the written opinion and letter, dated the Time of Delivery, of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative, and such counsel shall have received such papers and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.
     (e) Officers’ Certificate . At the Time of Delivery, the Representative shall have received a certificate of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, dated as of such Time of Delivery, to the effect that (i) the representations and warranties in Section 1 hereof are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made at and as of such Time of Delivery, (ii) the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to such Time of Delivery and (iii) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened by the Commission.
     (f) Secretary’s Certificate . At the Time of Delivery, the Representative shall have received a customary certificate of the Secretary of the Company, dated as of such Time of Delivery, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative.
     (g) Accountant’s Comfort Letters . On (i) the date of the Prospectus at a time prior to the execution of this Agreement, (ii) the effective date of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement filed subsequent to the date of this Agreement but prior to the Time of Delivery and (iii) at each Time of Delivery, each of PricewaterhouseCoopers and KPMG, who have certified the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the IPC Group, respectively, that are included or incorporated by reference in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, as applicable, shall have furnished to the Representative a “comfort” letter or letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative.

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     (h) No Objection . If applicable, FINRA has confirmed that it has not raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.
     (i) Delivery of Prospectus . The Company shall have complied with the provisions of Section 3(e) hereof with respect to the furnishing of prospectuses on the New York Business Day next succeeding the date of this Agreement.
     (j) No Suspension or Other Occurrences . At or after the Applicable Time, there shall not have occurred any of the following: (i) a suspension or material limitation in trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”); (ii) a suspension or material limitation in trading in the Company’s securities on the Exchange; (iii) a general moratorium on commercial banking activities in New York or Bermuda declared by the relevant authority or a material disruption in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States or any other relevant jurisdiction; (iv) the outbreak or escalation of hostilities involving the United States or Bermuda or the declaration by the United States or Bermuda of a national emergency or war if the effect of any such event specified in this clause (iv) in the judgment of the Representative is so material and adverse as to make it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the Securities being delivered at the Time of Delivery on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus; (v) a change or development involving a prospective change in Bermuda taxation affecting the Company; (vi) the imposition of exchange controls by the United States or Bermuda; or (vii) the occurrence of any other calamity or crisis or any change in financial, political or economic conditions in the United States or currency exchange rates or controls in the United States or Bermuda or elsewhere, if the effect of any such event specified in this clause in the judgment of the Representative is so material and adverse as to make it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the Securities being delivered at the Time of Delivery on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.
     (k) No Material Adverse Effect . (i) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall have sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Pricing Prospectus any material loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus; and (ii) since the date as of which information is given in the Pricing Prospectus, there has not been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any material adverse change or any development or event that could reasonably be expected to result in a prospective material adverse change in the financial condition, results of operations or business affairs of the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus, the effect of which, in any such case described in clause (i) or (ii), is in the judgment of the Representative so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public

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offering or the delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.
     (l) No Downgrade . On or after the Applicable Time (i) no downgrading shall have occurred in the rating accorded the Company’s debt securities or claims paying ability or the financial strength rating of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as that term is defined by the Commission for purposes of Rule 436(g)(2) under the 1933 Act, and (ii) no such organization shall have publicly announced that it has under surveillance or review, with possible negative implications, its rating of any of the Company’s debt securities or claims paying ability, or the financial strength rating of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
     7.  Indemnification and Contribution .
     (a)  Indemnification of Underwriters . The Company will indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Underwriter may become subject, under the 1933 Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, the Basic Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the 1933 Act, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and will reimburse each Underwriter for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Underwriter in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred, except that the Company shall not, in connection with any one such action or proceeding or separate but substantially similar actions or proceedings arising out of the same general allegations, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys at any time for all indemnified parties, except to the extent that local counsel, in addition to its regular counsel, is required in order to effectively defend against such action or proceeding or except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) below; provided , however , that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, the Basic Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use therein.
     (b)  Indemnification of Company, Directors and Officers . Each Underwriter will indemnify and hold harmless the Company against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company may become subject, under the 1933 Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, the Basic Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the

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Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, the Basic Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use therein; and will reimburse the Company for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred, including the reasonable fees and expenses of one counsel (in addition to any applicable local counsel).
     (c)  Actions against Parties; Notification . Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof; but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under such subsection. In the case of parties indemnified pursuant to subsection (a) above, counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Representative; and in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to subsection (b) above, counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Company. In case any such action shall be brought against any indemnified party and it shall notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying party), and, after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to such indemnified party under such subsection for any legal or other expenses of other counsel or any other expenses, in each case subsequently incurred by such indemnified party, in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation; provided , however , (i) if the indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party within a reasonable time after notice of the institution of such action, (ii) if there exists or is reasonably likely to exist a conflict of interest that would make it inappropriate in the reasonable judgment of such indemnified party for the same counsel to represent both the indemnified party and the Company, (iii) if both the indemnifying party and the indemnified party are parties to the same action and one or more defenses may be available to the indemnified party that would not also be available to the indemnifying party or (iv) the indemnifying party shall authorize the indemnified party to employ separate counsel at the expense of the indemnifying party, then such indemnified party shall be entitled to retain its own counsel at the expense of the indemnifying party. No indemnifying party shall, without the written consent of the indemnified party, effect the settlement or compromise of, or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened action or claim in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not the indemnified party is an actual or potential party to such action or claim) unless such settlement, compromise or judgment (i) includes an unconditional release of the indemnified party from all liability arising out of such action or claim and (ii) does

-20-


 

not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of any indemnified party.
     (d)  Contribution . If the indemnification provided for in this Section 7 is unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, from the offering of the Securities. If, however, the allocation provided by the immediately preceding sentence is not permitted by applicable law or if the indemnified party failed to give the notice required under subsection (c) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to such amount paid or payable by such indemnified party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof), as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company, on the one hand, or the Underwriters, on the other, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this subsection (d) were determined by pro rata allocation (even if, in the case of the Underwriters, the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this subsection (d). The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to above in this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the 1933 Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 7, each person, if any, who controls an Underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter and each officer and director of the Company, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the 1933 Act or shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company. The Underwriters’ obligations in this subsection (d) to contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint.

-21-


 

     (e)  Control Persons . The obligations of the Company under this Section 7 shall be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act and each broker-dealer affiliate of any Underwriter; and the obligations of the Underwriters under this Section 7 shall be in addition to any liability which the respective Underwriters may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each officer and director of the Company and to each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the 1933 Act.
     8.  Representations, Warranties and Agreements to Survive Delivery . The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company and the several Underwriters, as set forth in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of them, respectively, pursuant to this Agreement, shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation (or any statement as to the results thereof) made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any controlling person of any Underwriter, or the Company, or any officer or director or controlling person of the Company, and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Securities to the Underwriters.
     9.  Termination of Agreement . If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 10 hereof, such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Sections 5 and 7 hereof; provided , that, except as provided in Sections 5 and 7 hereof, if for any other reason the Securities are not delivered by or on behalf of the Company as provided herein, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters (other than any defaulting Underwriter) through the Representative for all out-of-pocket expenses, including fees and disbursements of counsel, reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in making preparations for the purchase, sale and delivery of the Securities not so delivered; and provided further that Sections 1, 7 and 8 shall survive termination of this Agreement and remain in full force and effect.
     10.  Default by One or More of the Underwriters .
     (a) If any Underwriter shall default in its obligation to purchase the Securities that it has agreed to purchase hereunder at the Time of Delivery, the Representative may in its discretion arrange for the Representative or another party or other parties to purchase such Securities on the terms contained herein. If within thirty-six hours after such default by any Underwriter the Representative does not arrange for the purchase of such Securities, then the Company shall be entitled to a further period of thirty-six hours within which to procure another party or other parties satisfactory to the Representative to purchase such Securities on such terms. In the event that, within the respective prescribed periods, the Representative notifies the Company that the Representative has so arranged for the purchase of such Securities, or the Company notifies the Representative that it has so arranged for the purchase of such Securities, the Representative or the Company shall have the right to postpone the Time of Delivery for a period of not more than seven days, in order to effect whatever changes may thereby be made necessary in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any other documents or arrangements, and the Company agrees to file promptly any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which in the opinion of the Representative may thereby be made necessary. The term “Underwriter” as used in this Agreement shall include any person

-22-


 

substituted under this Section with like effect as if such person had originally been a party to this Agreement with respect to such Securities.
     (b) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Securities of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the Representative and the Company as provided in subsection (a) above, the aggregate principal amount of such Securities which remains unpurchased does not exceed one eleventh of the aggregate principal amount of all the Securities, then the Company shall have the right to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase the principal amount of Securities which such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder and, in addition, to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase its pro rata share (based on the principal amount of Securities which such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder) of the Securities of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.
     (c) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Securities of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by you and the Company as provided in subsection (a) above, the aggregate principal amount of Securities which remains unpurchased exceeds one eleventh of the aggregate principal amount of all the Securities, or if the Company shall not exercise the right described in subsection (b) above to require non-defaulting Underwriters to purchase Securities of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then this Agreement shall thereupon terminate, without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company, except for the expenses to be borne by the Company and the Underwriters as provided in Section 5 hereof and the indemnity and contribution agreements in Section 7 hereof; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.
     11.  Notice . In all dealings hereunder, the Representative shall act on behalf of each of the Underwriters, and the parties hereto shall be entitled to act and rely upon any statement, request, notice or agreement on behalf of any Underwriter made or given by the Representative.
     All statements, requests, notices and agreements hereunder shall be in writing, and if to the Underwriters shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to the Representative at Goldman, Sachs & Co., 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282-2198, New York, New York 10004, Attention: Registration Department; and if to the Company shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to the address of the Company set forth in the Registration Statement, Attention: Secretary; provided , however , that any notice to an Underwriter pursuant to Section 7(c) hereof shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to such Underwriter at its address set forth in its Underwriters’ Questionnaire, or telex constituting such Questionnaire, which address will be supplied to the Company by the Representative upon request. Any such statements, requests, notices or agreements shall take effect upon receipt thereof.
     In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), the underwriters are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies their respective clients, including the Company, which information may include the name and address of their respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the underwriters to properly identify their respective clients.

-23-


 

     12.  Parties . This Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure solely to the benefit of, the Underwriters, the Company and, to the extent provided in Sections 7 and 8 hereof, the officers and directors of the Company and each person who controls the Company or any Underwriter, and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, and no other person shall acquire or have any right under or by virtue of this Agreement. Nothing expressed or mentioned in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person, firm, company or corporation, other than the Underwriters, the Company and their respective successors and the controlling persons and officers and directors referred to in Section 7 and their heirs and legal representatives, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. This Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof are intended to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Underwriters, the Company and their respective successors, and said controlling persons and officers and directors and their heirs and legal representatives, and for the benefit of no other person, firm, company or corporation. No purchaser of any of the Securities from any Underwriter shall be deemed a successor or assign by reason merely of such purchase.
     13.  GOVERNING LAW; TIME APPOINTMENT OF AGENT FOR SERVICE . THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME.
     EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY (i) AGREES THAT ANY LEGAL SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING AGAINST THE COMPANY BROUGHT BY ANY UNDERWRITER OR BY ANY PERSON WHO CONTROLS ANY UNDERWRITER ARISING OUT OF OR BASED UPON THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY MAY BE INSTITUTED IN ANY UNITED STATES FEDERAL OR STATE COURT IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, THE CITY OF NEW YORK, STATE OF NEW YORK (A “NEW YORK COURT”), (ii) WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT IT MAY EFFECTIVELY DO SO, ANY OBJECTION WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY SUCH PROCEEDING AND (iii) SUBMITS TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH NEW YORK COURT IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING. THE COMPANY EXPRESSLY CONSENTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY NEW YORK COURT IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION, AND WAIVES ANY OTHER REQUIREMENTS OF OR OBJECTIONS TO PERSONAL JURISDICTION WITH RESPECT THERETO.
     The Company hereby irrevocably appoints CT Corporation System in New York City as its agent for service of process in any suit, action or proceeding described in the preceding paragraph. The Company agrees that service of process in any such suit, action or proceeding may be made upon it at the office of its agent. The Company waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any other requirements of or objections to personal jurisdiction with respect thereto. The Company represents and warrants that its agent has agreed to act as agent for service of process, and agrees to take any and all action, including the filing of any and all documents and instruments, that may be necessary to continue such appointment in full force and effect.
     14.  Waiver of Immunity . To the extent that the Company has or hereafter may acquire any immunity (sovereign or otherwise) from any legal action, suit or proceeding, from

-24-


 

jurisdiction of any court of from set-off or any legal process (whether through service or notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution or otherwise) with respect to itself or any of its property, it irrevocable waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Agreement.
     15.  Judgment Currency . In respect of any judgment or order given or made for any amount due hereunder that is expressed and paid in a currency (the “judgment currency”) other than United States dollars, the Company, as the case may be, will indemnify each Underwriter against any loss incurred by such Underwriter as a result of any variation as between (i) the rate of exchange at which the United States dollar amount is converted into the judgment currency for the purpose of such judgment or order and (ii) the rate of exchange at which an Underwriter is able to purchase United States dollars with the amount of the judgment currency actually received by such Underwriter. The foregoing indemnity shall constitute a separate and independent obligation of the Company and shall continue in full force and effect notwithstanding any such judgment or order as aforesaid. The term “rate of exchange” shall include any premiums and costs of exchange payable in connection with the purchase of or conversion into United States dollars.
     16.  Miscellaneous .
     (a) The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the several Underwriters, on the other, (ii) in connection therewith and with the process leading to such transaction each Underwriter is acting solely as a principal and not the agent or fiduciary of the Company, (iii) no Underwriter has assumed an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to the offering contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether such Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Company on other matters) or any other obligation to the Company except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement and (iv) the Company has consulted its own legal and financial advisors to the extent it deemed appropriate.
     (b) This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements and understandings (whether written or oral) between the Company and the Underwriters, or any of them, with respect to the subject matter hereof.
     (c) The Company and each of the Underwriters hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
     (d) The Company agrees that it will not claim that the Underwriters, or any of them, has rendered advisory services of any nature or respect, or owes a fiduciary or similar duty to the Company, in connection with such transaction or the process leading thereto.
     (e) Time shall be of the essence of this Agreement.
     17.  Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed by any one or more of the parties hereto in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such respective counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

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     18.  Disclosure of Certain Tax Matters . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company is authorized to disclose to any persons the U.S. federal and state income tax treatment and tax structure of the potential transaction and all materials of any kind (including tax opinions and other tax analyses) provided to the Company relating to that treatment and structure, without the Underwriters, imposing any limitation of any kind. However, any information relating to the tax treatment and tax structure shall remain confidential (and the foregoing sentence shall not apply) to the extent necessary to enable any person to comply with securities laws. For this purpose, “tax structure” is limited to any facts that may be relevant to that treatment.
     19.  Effect of Headings . The Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
[ Remainder of Page Left Intentionally Blank ]

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     If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and return to us counterparts hereof, and upon the acceptance hereof by you, on behalf of each of the Underwriters, this letter and such acceptance hereof shall constitute a binding agreement between each of the Underwriters and the Company. It is understood that your acceptance of this letter on behalf of each of the Underwriters is pursuant to the authority set forth in a form of Agreement among Underwriters, the form of which shall be submitted to the Company for examination upon request, but without warranty on your part as to the authority of the signers thereof.
             
        Very truly yours,
 
           
        Validus Holdings, Ltd.
 
           
    By:   /s/ Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino
         
 
      Name:   Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino
 
      Title:   Executive Vice President and
 
          Chief Financial Officer
Accepted as of the date hereof:
Goldman, Sachs & Co.
         
By:
  /s/ Goldman, Sachs & Co.    
 
       
 
  (Goldman, Sachs & Co.)    
 
       
 
  On behalf of each of the Underwriters    

 


 

SCHEDULE I
         
    Principal  
    Amount of Securities to  
Underwriter   Be Purchased  
Goldman, Sachs & Co.
  $ 63,123,000  
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
    48,080,000  
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.
    48,080,000  
Calyon Securities (USA) Inc.
    17,143,000  
ING Financial Markets LLC
    17,143,000  
SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc.
    17,143,000  
BNP Paribas Securities Corp.
    8,929,000  
Comerica Securities, Inc.
    8,929,000  
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.
    8,929,000  
Scotia Capital (USA) Inc.
    8,929,000  
Lloyds TSB Bank plc
    3,572,000  
 
     
Total
  $ 250,000,000  
 
     

B-1 


 

SCHEDULE II
(a)   Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses not included in the Pricing Disclosure Package:
 
    Electronic road show presentation made available on NetRoadshow.com.
 
(b)   Additional Documents Incorporated by Reference:
 
    None.

A-II-1 


 

SCHEDULE III
List of Significant Subsidiaries of the Company
IPC Holdings, Ltd. (merged out of existence in the IPC acquisition)
IPCRe Limited
Talbot 2002 Underwriting Capital Ltd.
Talbot Holdings Ltd.
Talbot Insurance (Bermuda) Ltd.
Talbot Underwriting Holdings Limited
Talbot Underwriting Ltd.
Validus Reinsurance, Ltd.

A-III-1 

Exhibit 4.1
EXECUTION VERSION
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD., Issuer
To
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, Trustee
 
INDENTURE
 

Dated as of January 26 , 2010
Senior Debt Securities

 


 

Reconciliation and tie between
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (the “
Trust Indenture Act ”)
and Indenture
         
Trust Indenture Act Section     Indenture Section  
§§ 310 (a)(1)
    6.7  
(a)(2)
    6.7  
(b)
    6.8  
§§ 312 (a)
    7.1  
(b)
    7.2  
(c)
    7.2  
§§ 313 (a)
    7.3  
(b)(2)
    7.3  
(c)
    7.3  
(d)
    7.3  
§§ 314 (a)
    7.4  
(c)(1)
    1.2  
(c)(2)
    1.2  
(e)
    1.2  
(f)
    1.2  
§§ 316 (a) (last sentence)
    1.1  
(a)(1)(A)
    5.2, 5.12  
(a)(1)(B)
    5.13  
(b)
    5.8  
§§ 317 (a)(1)
    5.3  
(a)(2)
    5.4  
(b)
    10.3  
§§ 318 (a)
    10.5  
Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
             
        Page
   
 
       
Article 1
   
 
       
DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION
   
 
       
Section 1.1.  
Definitions
    1  
Section 1.2.  
Compliance Certificates and Opinions
    10  
Section 1.3.  
Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee
    11  
Section 1.4.  
Acts of Holders
    11  
Section 1.5.  
Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company
    14  
Section 1.6.  
Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver
    14  
Section 1.7.  
Language of Notices
    15  
Section 1.8.  
Conflict with Trust Indenture Act
    15  
Section 1.9.  
Effect of Headings and Table of Contents
    15  
Section 1.10.  
Successors and Assigns
    15  
Section 1.11.  
Separability Clause
    15  
Section 1.12.  
Benefits of Indenture
    15  
Section 1.13.  
Governing Law
    15  
Section 1.14.  
Legal Holidays
    15  
Section 1.15.  
Counterparts
    16  
Section 1.16.  
Judgment Currency
    16  
Section 1.17.  
Limitation on Individual Liability
    16  
Section 1.18.  
Submission to Jurisdiction
    17  
Section 1.19.  
Waiver of Jury Trial
    17  
Section 1.20.  
Force Majeure
    18  
   
 
       
Article 2
   
 
       
SECURITIES FORMS
   
 
       
Section 2.1.  
Forms Generally
    18  
Section 2.2.  
Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication
    19  
Section 2.3.  
Securities in Global Form
    19  
   
 
       
Article 3
   
 
       
THE SECURITIES
   
 
       
Section 3.1.  
Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series
    20  
Section 3.2.  
Currency; Denominations
    23  
Section 3.3.  
Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating
    24  
Section 3.4.  
Temporary Securities
    26  
Section 3.5.  
Registration, Transfer and Exchange
    26  
Section 3.6.  
Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities
    30  

-i-


 

             
        Page
   
 
       
Section 3.7.  
Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved
    31  
Section 3.8.  
Persons Deemed Owners
    33  
Section 3.9.  
Cancellation
    33  
Section 3.10.  
Computation of Interest
    33  
Section 3.11.  
CUSIP Numbers
    34  
   
 
       
Article 4
   
 
       
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE
   
 
       
Section 4.1.  
Satisfaction and Discharge
    34  
Section 4.2.  
Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance
    35  
Section 4.3.  
Application of Trust Money
    39  
   
 
       
Article 5
   
 
       
REMEDIES
   
 
       
Section 5.1.  
Events of Default
    40  
Section 5.2.  
Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment
    42  
Section 5.3.  
Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee
    43  
Section 5.4.  
Trustee May File Proofs of Claim
    43  
Section 5.5.  
Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities or Coupons
    44  
Section 5.6.  
Application of Money Collected
    44  
Section 5.7.  
Limitations on Suits
    45  
Section 5.8.  
Unconditional Right of Holders To Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts
    45  
Section 5.9.  
Restoration of Rights and Remedies
    46  
Section 5.10.  
Rights and Remedies Cumulative
    46  
Section 5.11.  
Delay or Omission Not Waiver
    46  
Section 5.12.  
Control by Holders of Securities
    46  
Section 5.13.  
Waiver of Past Defaults
    46  
Section 5.14.  
Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws
    47  
Section 5.15.  
Undertaking for Costs
    47  
   
 
       
Article 6
   
 
       
THE TRUSTEE
   
 
       
Section 6.1.  
Certain Rights of Trustee
    48  
Section 6.2.  
Notice of Defaults
    50  
Section 6.3.  
Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities
    50  
Section 6.4.  
May Hold Securities
    51  
Section 6.5.  
Money Held in Trust
    51  

-ii-


 

             
        Page
   
 
       
Section 6.6.  
Compensation and Reimbursement
    51  
Section 6.7.  
Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility
    52  
Section 6.8.  
Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor
    52  
Section 6.9.  
Acceptance of Appointment by Successor
    54  
Section 6.10.  
Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business
    55  
Section 6.11.  
Appointment of Authenticating Agent
    55  
   
 
       
Article 7
   
 
       
HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY
   
 
       
Section 7.1.  
Company To Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders
    57  
Section 7.2.  
Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders
    57  
Section 7.3.  
Reports by Trustee
    57  
Section 7.4.  
Reports by Company
    58  
   
 
       
Article 8
   
 
       
CONSOLIDATION, AMALGAMATIONS, MERGER AND SALES
   
 
       
Section 8.1.  
Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms
    58  
Section 8.2.  
Successor Person Substituted for Company
    59  
   
 
       
Article 9
   
 
       
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
   
 
       
Section 9.1.  
Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders
    60  
Section 9.2.  
Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders
    61  
Section 9.3.  
Execution of Supplemental Indentures
    63  
Section 9.4.  
Effect of Supplemental Indentures
    63  
Section 9.5.  
Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures
    63  
Section 9.6.  
Conformity with Trust Indenture Act
    63  
Section 9.7.  
Notice of Supplemental Indenture
    63  
   
 
       
Article 10
   
 
       
COVENANTS
   
 
       
Section 10.1.  
Payment of Principal, any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts
    63  
Section 10.2.  
Maintenance of Office or Agency
    64  
Section 10.3.  
Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust
    65  
Section 10.4.  
Corporate Existence
    66  
Section 10.5.  
Waiver of Certain Covenants
    67  
Section 10.6.  
Company Statement as to Compliance; Notice of Certain Defaults
    67  
Section 10.7.  
Calculation of Original Issue Discount
    67  

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        Page
   
 
       
Article 11
   
 
       
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES
   
 
       
Section 11.1.  
Applicability of Article
    68  
Section 11.2.  
Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee
    68  
Section 11.3.  
Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed
    68  
Section 11.4.  
Notice of Redemption
    69  
Section 11.5.  
Deposit of Redemption Price
    70  
Section 11.6.  
Securities Payable on Redemption Date
    70  
Section 11.7.  
Securities Redeemed in Part
    71  
   
 
       
Article 12
   
 
       
SINKING FUNDS
   
 
       
Section 12.1.  
Applicability of Article
    72  
Section 12.2.  
Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities
    72  
Section 12.3.  
Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund
    72  
   
 
       
Article 13
   
 
       
REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS
   
 
       
Section 13.1.  
Applicability of Article
    73  
   
 
       
Article 14
   
 
       
SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES
   
 
       
Section 14.1.  
Applicability of Article
    73  
   
 
       
Article 15
   
 
       
MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
   
 
       
Section 15.1.  
Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called
    74  
Section 15.2.  
Call, Notice and Place of Meetings
    74  
Section 15.3.  
Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings
    74  
Section 15.4.  
Quorum; Action
    75  
Section 15.5.  
Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings
    75  
Section 15.6.  
Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings
    76  

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          INDENTURE, dated as of January 26, 2010 (the “ Indenture ”), between VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD., a company duly organized and existing under the laws of Bermuda (hereinafter called the “ Company ”), having its principal executive office located at 29 Richmond Road, Pembroke HM 08, Bermuda and The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York banking corporation (hereinafter called the “ Trustee ”), having its Corporate Trust Office (as herein defined) located at 101 Barclay Street, Floor 8W, New York, NY 10286 Attn: Corporate Trust Administration.
RECITALS
          The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its senior unsecured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (hereinafter called the “ Securities ”), unlimited as to principal amount, to bear such rates of interest, to mature at such time or times, to be issued in one or more series and to have such other provisions as shall be fixed as hereinafter provided.
          The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture. All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.
          This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission (as herein defined) promulgated thereunder that are required to be part of this Indenture and, to the extent applicable, shall be governed by such provisions.
          NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:
          For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders (as herein defined) thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of any series thereof and any Coupons (as herein defined) as follows:
Article 1
DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION
          Section 1.1. Definitions . Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, or unless the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of this Indenture:
     (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the singular;
     (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein;
     (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the terms “ gener -

 


 

ally accepted accounting principles ” or “ GAAP ” with respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as are generally accepted in the United States of America at the date or time of such computation;
     (4) the words “ herein ,” “ hereof ,” “ hereto ” and “ hereunder ” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; and
     (5) the word “ or ” is always used inclusively (for example, the phrase “ A or B ” means “ A or B or both ,” not “ either A or B but not both ”).
          Certain terms used principally in certain Articles hereof are defined in those Articles.
          “ Act ,” when used with respect to any Holders, has the meaning specified in Section 1.4.
          “ Additional Amounts ” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes, assessments or other governmental charges imposed on Holders specified therein and which are owing to such Holders.
          “ Affiliate ” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control,” when used with respect to any specified Person, means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have the meanings correlative to the foregoing.
          “ Authenticating Agent ” means any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.11 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one or more series.
          “ Authorized Newspaper ” means a newspaper, in an official language of the place of publication or in the English language, customarily published on each day that is a Business Day in the place of publication, whether or not published on days that are Legal Holidays in the place of publication, and of general circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of each such place. Where successive publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any day that is a Business Day in the place of publication.
          “ Authorized Officer ” means, when used with respect to the Company, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Vice Chairman, the President, the Vice President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Chief Investment Officer, the Chief Accounting Officer, the General Counsel, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company.

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          “ Bearer Security ” means any Security in the form established pursuant to Section 2.1 which is payable to bearer.
          “ Board of Directors ” means the board of directors of the Company or any committee of that board duly authorized to act generally or in any particular respect for the Company hereunder.
          “ Board Resolution ” means a copy of one or more resolutions, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, delivered to the Trustee.
          “ Business Day ,” with respect to any Place of Payment or other location, means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking institutions in such Place of Payment or other location are authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to close.
          “ Capital Stock ” of any Person means any and all shares, interests, rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, including Preferred Stock, but excluding any debt securities convertible into such equity.
          “ Capitalized Lease Obligation ” means an obligation under a lease that is required to be capitalized for financial reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and the amount of Indebtedness represented by such obligation shall be the capitalized amount of such obligation determined in accordance with such principles.
          “ Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
          “ Commission ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.
          “ Common Stock ” in respect of any Corporation means Capital Stock of any class or classes (however designated) which has no preference as to the payment of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Corporation, and which is not subject to redemption by such Corporation.
          “ Company ” means the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person, and any other obligor upon the Securities.
          “ Company Request ” and “ Company Order ” mean, respectively, a written request or order, as the case may be, signed in the name of the Company by an Authorized Officer, and delivered to the Trustee.

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          “ Conversion Event ” means the cessation of use of (i) a Foreign Currency both by the government of the country or the confederation which issued such Foreign Currency and for the settlement of transactions by a central bank or other public institutions of or within the international banking community or (ii) any currency unit or composite currency for the purposes for which it was established.
          “ Corporate Trust Office ” means the principal corporate trust office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered, which office at the date of original execution of this Indenture is located at located at 101 Barclay Street, Floor 8W New York, NY 10286, Attention: Corporate Trust Administration or at any other time at such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the parties hereto or at the principal corporate trust office of any successor trustee as to which such successor trustee may notify the parties hereto in writing.
          “ Corporation ” includes corporations, limited liability companies, incorporated associations, companies and business trusts.
          “ Coupon ” means any interest coupon appertaining to a Bearer Security.
          “ Currency ,” with respect to any payment, deposit or other transfer in respect of the principal of or any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security, means Dollars or the Foreign Currency, as the case may be, in which such payment, deposit or other transfer is required to be made by or pursuant to the terms hereof or such Security and, with respect to any other payment, deposit or transfer pursuant to or contemplated by the terms hereof or such Security, means Dollars.
          “ CUSIP number ” means the alphanumeric designation assigned to a Security by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service, CUSIP Service Bureau.
          “ Defaulted Interest ” has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.
          “ Dollars ” or “ $ ” means a dollar or other equivalent unit of legal tender for payment of public or private debts in the United States of America.
          “ Event of Default ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.1.
          “ Foreign Currency ” means any currency, currency unit or composite currency, including, without limitation, the euro, issued by the government of one or more countries other than the United States of America or by any recognized confederation or association of such governments, all as reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.
          “ Government Obligations ” means securities which are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America or the other government or governments or confederation or association of governments which issued the Foreign Currency in which the principal of or any premium or interest on such Security or any Additional Amounts in respect thereof shall be payable, in each case where the payment or payments thereunder are supported by the full faith and credit of such government or governments or confederation or association of governments or (ii) obli-

-4-


 

gations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America or such other government or governments or confederation or association of governments, in each case where the timely payment or payments thereunder are unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America or such other government or governments or confederation or association of governments, and which, in the case of (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer or issuers thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of or other amount with respect to any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of or other amount with respect to the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.
          “ Holder ,” in the case of any Registered Security, means the Person in whose name such Security is registered in the Security Register and, in the case of any Bearer Security, means the bearer thereof and, in the case of any Coupon, means the bearer thereof.
          “ Indebtedness ” means, with respect to any Person, (i) the principal of and any premium and interest on (a) indebtedness of such Person for money borrowed and (b) indebtedness evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments for the payment of which such Person is responsible or liable; (ii) all Capitalized Lease Obligations of such Person; (iii) all obligations of such Person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property, all conditional sale obligations and all obligations under any title retention agreement (but excluding trade accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business); (iv) all obligations of such Person for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance or similar credit transaction (other than obligations with respect to letters of credit securing obligations (other than obligations described in (i) through (iii) above) entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person to the extent such letters of credit are not drawn upon or, if and to the extent drawn upon, such drawing is reimbursed no later than the third Business Day following receipt by such Person of a demand for reimbursement following payment on the letter of credit); (v) all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for the payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise, the amount thereof being deemed to be the lesser of the stated recourse, if limited, and the amount of the obligation or dividends of the other Person; (vi) all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (i) through (v) of other Persons secured by any Lien on any property or asset of such Person (whether or not such obligation is assumed by such Person), the amount of such obligation being deemed to be the lesser of the value of such property or assets or the amount of the obligation so secured; and (vii) any amendments, modifications, refundings, renewals or extensions of any indebtedness or obligation described as Indebtedness in clauses (i) through (vi) above.
          “ Indenture ” means this instrument as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and, with respect to any Security, by the terms and provisions of such Security

-5-


 

and any Coupon appertaining thereto established pursuant to Section 3.1 (as such terms and provisions may be amended pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof).
          “ Independent Public Accountants ” means accountants or a firm of accountants that, with respect to the Company and any other obligor under the Securities or the Coupons, are independent public accountants within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder, who may be the independent public accountants regularly retained by the Company or who may be other independent public accountants. Such accountants or firm shall be entitled to rely upon any Opinion of Counsel as to the interpretation of any legal matters relating to this Indenture or certificates required to be provided hereunder.
          “ Indexed Security ” means a Security the terms of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity or upon acceleration pursuant to Section 5.2 may be more or less than the principal face amount thereof at original issuance.
          “ interest ,” with respect to any Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.
          “ Interest Payment Date ,” with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.
          “ Judgment Currency ” has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.
          “ Legal Holidays ” means a Saturday, a Sunday or other day on which commercial banking institutions are authorized or required to be closed. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday, payment shall be made on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period. If a regular record date is a Legal Holiday, the record date shall not be affected.
          “ Maturity ,” with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, notice of redemption or repurchase, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise, and includes any Redemption Date and the date of any required repurchase or repayment.
          “ New York Banking Day ” has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.
          “ Office ” or “ Agency ,” with respect to any Securities, means an office or agency of the Company maintained or designated as a Place of Payment for such Securities pursuant to Section 10.2 or any other office or agency of the Company maintained or designated for such Securities pursuant to Section 10.2 or, to the extent designated or required by Section 10.2 in lieu of such office or agency, the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.
          “ Officers’ Certificate ” means a certificate signed by two Authorized Officers, at least one of which is a principal executive, principal financial or principal accounting officer,

-6-


 

that complies with the requirements of Section 314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act and is delivered to the Trustee.
          “ Opinion of Counsel ” means a written opinion of counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company that, if required by the Trust Indenture Act, complies with the requirements of Section 314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act.
          “ Original Issue Discount Security ” means a Security issued pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization which provides for declaration of an amount less than the principal face amount thereof to be due and payable upon acceleration pursuant to Section 5.2.
          “ Outstanding ,” when used with respect to any Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all such Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:
     (a) any such Security theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or the Security Registrar or delivered to the Trustee or the Security Registrar for cancellation;
     (b) any such Security for whose payment at the Maturity thereof money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited pursuant hereto (other than pursuant to Section 4.2) with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, provided , that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;
     (c) any such Security with respect to which the Company has effected defeasance pursuant to the terms hereof, except to the extent provided in Section 4.2;
     (d) any such Security which has been paid pursuant to Section 3.6 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, unless there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Security is held by a protected purchaser in whose hands such Security is a valid obligation of the Company; and
     (e) any such Security converted or exchanged as contemplated by this Indenture into Common Stock of the Company or other securities, if the terms of such Security provide for such conversion or exchange pursuant to Section 3.1;
provided , however , that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder or are present at a meeting of Holders of Securities for quorum purposes, (i) the principal amount of any Indexed Security that may be counted in making such determination and that shall be deemed Outstanding for such purposes shall be equal to the principal amount of such Indexed Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to

-7-


 

this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, and (ii) the principal amount of a Security denominated in a Foreign Currency shall be the Dollar equivalent, determined on the date of original issuance of such Security, of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent on the date of original issuance of such Security of the then current principal amount) of such Security, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, and (iii) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor, shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in making any such determination or relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which shall have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee (A) the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and (B) that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto or an Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor.
          “ Paying Agent ” means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security or any Coupon on behalf of the Company.
          “ Person ” means any individual, Corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
          “ Place of Payment ,” with respect to any Security, means the place or places where the principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Security are payable as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization.
          “ Predecessor Security ” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same Indebtedness as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in exchange for or in lieu of a lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security or any Security to which a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertains shall be deemed to evidence the same Indebtedness as the lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security or the Security to which a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertains.
          “ Preferred Stock ” in respect of any Corporation means Capital Stock of any class or classes (however designated) which is preferred as to the payment of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Corporation, over shares of Capital Stock of any other class of such Corporation.
          “ principal ” means, as of any date of determination with respect to the Securities of any series, (i) in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security or an Indexed Security, the amount due and payable with respect to principal upon an acceleration thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 at such time and (ii) in all other cases, par or the stated face amount of the related Security.

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          “ Redemption Date ,” with respect to any Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization.
          “ Redemption Price ,” with respect to any Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed as determined by or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, exclusive of accrued interest and any Additional Amounts with respect to accrued interest.
          “ Registered Security ” means any Security established pursuant to Section 2.1 which is registered in a Security Register.
          “ Regular Record Date ” for the interest payable on any Registered Security on any Interest Payment Date therefor means the date, if any, specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization as the “Regular Record Date.”
          “ Required Currency ” has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.
          “ Responsible Officer ” means any officer within the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, including any vice president, any assistant vice president, director, managing director, associate or any trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.
          “ Security ” or “ Securities ” means any note or notes, bond or bonds, debenture or debentures, or any other evidences of Indebtedness, as the case may be, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture; provided , however , that, if at any time there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under this Indenture, “Securities,” with respect to any such Person, shall mean Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such Person is not Trustee.
          “ Security Register ” and “ Security Registrar ” have the respective meanings specified in Section 3.5.
          “ Series Authorization ” means, with respect to any series or class of Securities, (i) a Board Resolution and Officers’ Certificate or (ii) one or more indentures supplemental hereto, establishing such series or class of Securities and setting forth the terms thereof, including, in either case, a form of note or notes representing such Securities.
          “ Special Record Date ” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Registered Security means a date fixed by the Company pursuant to Section 3.7.
          “ Stated Maturity ,” with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto, means the date established by or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization as the fixed date on

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which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is, or such Additional Amounts are, due and payable.
          “ Subsidiary ” means, in respect of any Person, any Corporation, limited or general partnership or other business entity of which at the time of determination more than 50% of the voting power of the shares of its Capital Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by (i) such Person, (ii) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person or (iii) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.
          “ Trust Indenture Act ” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and any reference herein to the Trust Indenture Act or a particular provision thereof shall mean such Act or provision, as the case may be, as amended or replaced from time to time or as supplemented from time to time by rules or regulations adopted by the Commission under or in furtherance of the purposes of such Act or provision, as the case may be.
          “ Trustee ” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such with respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder; provided , however , that if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person and as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.
          “ United States ,” except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Series Authorization, means the United States of America (including the states thereof and the District of Columbia), its territories and possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.
          “ U.S. Depository ” or “ Depository ” means, with respect to any Security issuable or issued in the form of one or more global Securities, the Person designated as U.S. Depository or Depository by the Company in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, which Person must be, to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, a clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and, if so provided with respect to any Security, any successor to such Person. If at any time there is more than one such Person, “U.S. Depository” or “Depository” shall mean, with respect to any Securities, the qualifying entity which has been appointed with respect to such Securities.
          “ Vice President ,” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title “Vice President.”
          Section 1.2. Compliance Certificates and Opinions . Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture, upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel

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stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with.
          Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:
     (a) a statement that the individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such condition or covenant and the definitions herein relating thereto;
     (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;
     (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such condition or covenant has been complied with; and
     (d) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
          Section 1.3. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee . In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.
          Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, provided that such officer, after reasonable inquiry, has no reason to believe and does not believe that the Opinion of Counsel with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based is erroneous. Any such Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company, provided that such counsel, after reasonable inquiry, has no reason to believe and does not believe that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.
          Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture or any Security, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.
          Section 1.4. Acts of Holders .
          (1) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by or pursuant to this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by

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such Holders in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing. If, but only if, Securities of a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization to be given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series may, alternatively, be embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders of Securities of such series voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in writing, at any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article 15, or a combination of such instruments and any such record. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record or both are received by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “ Act ” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments or so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of a Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 315 of the Trust Indenture Act) conclusive in favor of the Trustee, the Company and any agent of the Trustee or the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section. The record of any meeting of Holders of Securities shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 15.6.
          (2) Without limiting the generality of this Section 1.4, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, a Holder, including a U.S. Depository that is a Holder of a global Security, may make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization to be made, given or taken by Holders, and a U.S. Depository that is a Holder of a global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security through such U.S. Depository’s standing instructions and customary practices.
          (3) The Company shall fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Persons who are beneficial owners of interest in any permanent global Security held by a U.S. Depository entitled under the procedures of such U.S. Depository to make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization to be made, given or taken by Holders. If such a record date is fixed, the Holders on such record date or their duly appointed proxy or proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled to make, give or take such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date. No such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act shall be valid or effective if made, given or taken more than 90 days after such record date.
          (4) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing referred to in this Section 1.4 may be proved in any reasonable manner; and the Trustee may in any instance require further proof, including written proof, with respect to any of the matters referred to in this Section.

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          (5) The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Registered Securities held by any Person, and the date of the commencement and the date of the termination of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register.
          (6) The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Bearer Securities held by any Person, and the date of the commencement and the date of the termination of holding the same, may be proved by the production of such Bearer Securities or by a certificate executed, as depositary, by any trust company, bank, banker or other depositary reasonably acceptable to the Company, wherever situated, if such certificate shall be deemed by the Company and the Trustee to be satisfactory, showing that at the date therein mentioned such Person had on deposit with such depositary, or exhibited to it, the Bearer Securities therein described; or such facts may be proved by the certificate or affidavit of the Person holding such Bearer Securities, if such certificate or affidavit is deemed by the Trustee to be satisfactory. The Trustee and the Company may assume that such ownership of any Bearer Security continues until (i) another certificate or affidavit bearing a later date issued in respect of the same Bearer Security is produced, or (ii) such Bearer Security is produced to the Trustee by some other Person, or (iii) such Bearer Security is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security, or (iv) such Bearer Security is no longer Outstanding. The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Bearer Securities held by the Person so executing such instrument or writing and the date of the commencement and the date of the termination of holding the same may also be proved in any other manner which the Company and the Trustee deem sufficient.
          (7) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of any Registered Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may at its option (but is not obligated to), by Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders of Registered Securities entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of Registered Securities of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purpose of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders of Registered Securities shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.
          (8) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act by the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done or suffered to be done by the Trustee, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such Act is made upon such Security.

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          Section 1.5. Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company . Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,
     (1) the Trustee by any Holder or the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing (including by facsimile transmission, provided that such facsimile transmission is followed by an overnight delivery of same) to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, or
     (2) the Company by the Trustee or any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to the attention of its Treasurer, with a copy to the attention of its General Counsel, at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.
          Section 1.6. Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver . Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Securities of any event,
     (1) such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of Registered Securities if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of a Registered Security affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice; and
     (2) such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of Bearer Securities, if any, if published in an Authorized Newspaper in The City of New York and, if such Securities are then listed on any stock exchange outside the United States, in an Authorized Newspaper in such city as the Company shall advise the Trustee in writing that such stock exchange so requires, on a Business Day at least twice, the first such publication to be not earlier than the earliest date and the second such publication not later than the latest date prescribed for the giving of such notice.
          In any case where notice to Holders of Registered Securities is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder of a Registered Security shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Registered Securities or the sufficiency of any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities given as provided herein. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given or provided. In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.
          In case by reason of the suspension of publication of any Authorized Newspaper or Authorized Newspapers or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to publish any notice to Holders of Bearers Securities as provided above, then such notification to Holders

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of Bearer Securities as shall be given with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute sufficient notice to such Holders for every purpose hereunder. Neither failure to give notice by publication to Holders of Bearer Securities as provided above, nor any defect in any notice so published, shall affect the sufficiency of any notice mailed to Holders of Registered Securities as provided above.
          Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders of Securities shall be filed in writing with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.
          Section 1.7. Language of Notices . Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that, if the Company so elects, any published notice may be in an official language of the country of publication (with an accompanying English translation).
          Section 1.8. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act . If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with any duties under any required provision of the Trust Indenture Act imposed hereon by Section 318(c) thereof, such required provision shall control.
          Section 1.9. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents . The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
          Section 1.10. Successors and Assigns . All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.
          Section 1.11. Separability Clause . In case any provision in this Indenture, any Security or any Coupon shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
          Section 1.12. Benefits of Indenture . Nothing in this Indenture, any Security or any Coupon, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authenticating Agent and their successors hereunder and the Holders of Securities or Coupons, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.
          Section 1.13. Governing Law . This Indenture, the Securities and any Coupons shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made or instruments entered into and, in each case, performed in said state.
          Section 1.14. Legal Holidays . Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, in any case where any Interest Payment Date, Stated Maturity or Maturity of any Security, or the last date on which a Holder has the right to convert or exchange Securities of a series that are convertible or exchangeable, shall be a Legal Holiday at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture,

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any Security or any Coupon other than a provision in any Security or Coupon that specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu hereof) payment need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, and such Securities need not be converted or exchanged on such date but such payment may be made, and such Securities may be converted or exchanged, on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or at the Stated Maturity or Maturity or on such last day for conversion or exchange, and no interest shall accrue on the amount payable on such date or at such time for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Stated Maturity, Maturity or last day for conversion or exchange, as the case may be, to such next succeeding Business Day.
          Section 1.15. Counterparts . This Indenture may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be an original and all of which shall constitute but one and the same instrument.
          Section 1.16. Judgment Currency . The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of, or premium or interest, if any, or Additional Amounts on the Securities of any series (the “ Required Currency ”) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the “ Judgment Currency ”), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the requisite amount of the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which a final unappealable judgment is given and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with clause (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “ New York Banking Day ” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York or a day on which banking institutions in The City of New York are authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to be closed.
          Section 1.17. Limitation on Individual Liability . No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, shareholder, manager, officer or director, as such, past, present or future, of the Company, either directly or through the Company, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, shareholders, officers or directors, as such, of the Company, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or

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agreements contained in this Indenture or in any Security or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, shareholder, managers, officer or director, as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any Security or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Security.
          Section 1.18. Submission to Jurisdiction . The Company agrees that any judicial proceedings instituted in relation to any matter arising under this Indenture, the Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto may be brought in any United States Federal or New York State court sitting in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, New York to the extent that such court has subject matter jurisdiction over the controversy, and, by execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company hereby irrevocably accepts, generally and unconditionally, the jurisdiction of the aforesaid courts, acknowledges their competence and irrevocably agrees to be bound by any judgment rendered in such proceeding. The Company also irrevocably and unconditionally waives for the benefit of the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and Coupons any immunity from jurisdiction and any immunity from legal process (whether through service or notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in the aid of execution, execution or otherwise) in respect of this Indenture. The Company hereby irrevocably designates and appoints for the benefit of the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and Coupons for the term of this Indenture CT Corporation System, 111 Eighth Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10011, as its agent to receive on its behalf service of all process (with a copy of all such service of process to be delivered to C. Jerome Dill, General Counsel, Validus Holdings, Ltd., 29 Richmond Road, Pembroke HM 08, Bermuda) brought against it with respect to any such proceeding in any such court in The City of New York, such service being hereby acknowledged by the Company to be effective and binding service on it in every respect whether or not the Company shall then be doing or shall have at any time done business in New York. Such appointment shall be irrevocable so long as any of the Securities or Coupons or the obligations of the Company hereunder remain outstanding or until the appointment of a successor by the Company and such successor’s acceptance of such appointment. Upon such acceptance, the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of such successor. The Company further agrees for the benefit of the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and the Coupons to take any and all action, including the execution and filing of any and all such documents and instruments, as may be necessary to continue such designation and appointment of said CT Corporation System in full force and effect so long as any of the Securities or Coupons or the obligations of the Company hereunder shall be outstanding. The Trustee shall not be obligated and shall have no responsibility with respect to any failure by the Company to take any such action. Nothing herein shall affect the right to serve process in any other manner permitted by any law or limit the right of the Trustee or any Holder to institute proceedings against the Company in the courts of any other jurisdiction or jurisdictions.
          Section 1.19. Waiver of Jury Trial . EACH OF THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL

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PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE NOTES OR THE TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.
          Section 1.20. Force Majeure . In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.
Article 2
SECURITIES FORMS
          Section 2.1. Forms Generally . Each Registered Security, Bearer Security, Coupon and temporary or permanent global Security issued pursuant to this Indenture shall be in the form established by or pursuant to the related Series Authorization, shall have such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization or any indenture supplemental hereto and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Security or Coupon as evidenced by their execution of such Security or Coupon.
          Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to the related Series Authorization, the Securities shall be issuable in registered form without Coupons and shall not be issuable upon the exercise of warrants.
          Definitive Securities and definitive Coupons shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on a steel engraved border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers of the Company executing such Securities or Coupons, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities or Coupons.

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          Section 2.2. Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication . Subject to Section 6.11, the Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form:
     This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.
Dated: __________
         
  THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON,
as Trustee
 
 
  By:      
    Authorized Officer   
       
 
          Section 2.3. Securities in Global Form . Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to the related Series Authorization, the Securities of a series shall not be issuable in temporary or permanent global form. If Securities of a series shall be issuable in global form, any such Security may provide that it or any number of such Securities shall represent the aggregate amount of all Outstanding Securities of such series (or such lesser amount as is permitted by the terms thereof) from time to time endorsed thereon and may also provide that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to time be increased or reduced to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of any Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, or changes in the rights of Holders, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made in such manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in the Company Order to be delivered pursuant to Section 3.3 or Section 3.4 with respect thereto. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3 and, if applicable, Section 3.4, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver, in each case at the Company’s expense, any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon written instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 3.3 or Section 3.4 has been, or simultaneously is, delivered, any instructions by the Company with respect to a Security in global form shall be in writing and, with respect to matters set forth in this Section 2.3, need not be accompanied by or contained in an Officers’ Certificate and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel.
          Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.7, unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to the related Series Authorization, payment of principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, any Security in temporary or permanent global form shall be made to the Person or Persons specified therein.
          Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.8 and except as provided in the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount of Outstanding Securities represented by a global Security (i) in the case of a global Security in registered form, the Holder of such global Security in registered form, or (ii) in the case of a global Security in bearer form, the Person or Persons specified pursuant to Section 3.1.

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Article 3
THE SECURITIES
          Section 3.1. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series . The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series. With respect to any Securities to be authenticated and delivered hereunder, there shall be established in the related Series Authorization, the following:
     (1) the title of such Securities and the series in which such Securities shall be included;
     (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such title or the Securities of such series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of such series pursuant to Section 3.4, Section 3.5, Section 3.6, Section 9.5 or Section 11.7, upon repayment in part of any Registered Security of such series pursuant to Article 13, upon surrender in part of any Registered Security for conversion into Common Stock of the Company or exchange for other securities pursuant to its terms, or pursuant to or as contemplated by the terms of such Securities);
     (3) if such Securities are to be issuable as Registered Securities, as Bearer Securities or alternatively as Bearer Securities and Registered Securities, and whether the Bearer Securities are to be issuable with Coupons, without Coupons or both, and any restrictions applicable to the offer, sale or delivery of the Bearer Securities and the terms, if any, upon which Bearer Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities and vice versa;
     (4) if any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form, when any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form and (i) whether such Securities are to be issued in temporary or permanent global form or both, (ii) whether beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security may exchange such interests for definitive Securities of the same series and of like tenor and of any authorized form and denomination, and the circumstances under which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner specified in Section 3.5, and (iii) the name of the Depository or the U.S. Depository, as the case may be, with respect to any such global Security;
     (5) if any of such Securities are to be issuable as Bearer Securities or in global form, the date as of which any such Bearer Security or global Security shall be dated (if other than the date of original issuance of the first of such Securities to be issued);
     (6) if any of such Securities are to be issuable as Bearer Securities, whether interest in respect of any portion of a temporary Bearer Security in global form payable in respect of an Interest Payment Date therefor prior to the exchange, if any, of such temporary Bearer Security for definitive Securities shall be paid to any clearing organization

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with respect to the portion of such temporary Bearer Security held for its account and, in such event, the terms and conditions (including any certification requirements) upon which any such interest payment received by a clearing organization will be credited to the Persons entitled to interest payable on such Interest Payment Date;
     (7) the date or dates, or the method or methods, if any, by which such date or dates shall be determined, on which the principal of such Securities is payable;
     (8) the rate or rates at which such Securities shall bear interest, if any, or the method or methods, if any, by which such rate or rates are to be determined, the date or dates, if any, from which such interest shall accrue or the method or methods, if any, by which such date or dates are to be determined, the Interest Payment Dates, if any, on which such interest shall be payable on a cash basis and the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on Registered Securities on any Interest Payment Date, whether and under what circumstances Additional Amounts on such Securities or any of them shall be payable, the notice, if any, to Holders regarding the determination of interest on a floating rate Security and the manner of giving such notice, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;
     (9) if in addition to or other than the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, the place or places where the principal of, any premium and interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities shall be payable, any of such Securities that are Registered Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, any of such Securities may be surrendered for conversion or exchange and notices or demands to or upon the Company in respect of such Securities and this Indenture may be served, the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payment or Additional Amounts on a global Security on an Interest Payment Date, will be paid and the manner in which any principal of or premium, if any, on any global Security will be paid;
     (10) whether any of such Securities are to be redeemable at the option of the Company and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other terms and conditions upon which such Securities may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;
     (11) whether the Company is obligated to redeem or purchase any of such Securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at the option of any Holder thereof and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other terms and conditions upon which such Securities shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and any provisions for the remarketing of such Securities so redeemed or purchased;
     (12) the denominations in which any of such Securities that are Registered Securities shall be issuable if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, and the denominations in which any of such Securities that are Bearer Securities shall be issuable if other than the denomination of $5,000;

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     (13) whether the Securities of the series will be convertible into shares of Common Stock of the Company and/or exchangeable for other securities, whether or not issued by the Company, and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, and any deletions from or modifications or additions to this Indenture to permit or to facilitate the issuance of such convertible or exchangeable Securities or the administration thereof;
     (14) if other than the principal face amount thereof, the portion of the par or stated face amount of any of such Securities that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 or the method by which such portion is to be determined or, in the case of Indexed Securities, the portion of the principal face amount that shall be payable upon Stated Maturity or the method by which such portion is to be determined;
     (15) if other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency in which payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any of such Securities shall be payable;
     (16) if the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any of such Securities are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in Dollars or in a Foreign Currency other than that in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made, and the time and manner of determining the exchange rate between the Currency in which such Securities are stated to be payable and the Currency in which such Securities or any of them are to be paid pursuant to such election, and any deletions from or modifications of or additions to the terms of this Indenture to provide for or to facilitate the issuance of Securities denominated or payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in a Foreign Currency;
     (17) whether the amount of payments of principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method or methods (which index, formula or method or methods may be based, without limitation, on one or more Currencies, commodities, equity securities, equity indices or other indices), and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which and the manner in which such amounts shall be determined and paid or payable;
     (18) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or covenants of the Company with respect to any of such Securities, whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with the Events of Default or covenants set forth herein;
     (19) whether either or both of Section 4.2(2) relating to defeasance or Section 4.2(3) relating to covenant defeasance shall not be applicable to the Securities of such series, or any covenants in addition to those specified in Section 4.2(3) relating to the Securities of such series which shall be subject to covenant defeasance, and any deletions

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from, or modifications or additions to, the provisions of Article 4 in respect of the Securities of such series;
     (20) whether any of such Securities are to be issuable upon the exercise of warrants, and the time, manner and place for such Securities to be authenticated and delivered;
     (21) if any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form and are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, then the form and terms of such certificates, documents or conditions;
     (22) if there is more than one Trustee, the identity of the Trustee and, if not the Trustee, the identity of each Security Registrar, Paying Agent or Authenticating Agent or other agent with respect to such Securities; and
     (23) any other terms of such Securities and any other deletions from or modifications or additions to this Indenture in respect of such Securities.
          All Securities of any one series and all Coupons, if any, appertaining to Bearer Securities of such series shall be substantially identical except as to Currency of payments due thereunder, denomination and the rate of interest thereon, or method of determining the rate of interest, if any, Maturity, and the date from which interest, if any, shall accrue and except as may otherwise be provided by the Company in or pursuant to the Board Resolution and set forth in the Officers’ Certificate or in any indenture or indentures supplemental hereto pertaining to such series of Securities. The terms of the Securities of any series may provide, without limitation, that the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee on original issue from time to time upon written order of persons designated in the Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture and that such persons are authorized to determine, consistent with such Officers’ Certificate or any applicable supplemental indenture, such terms and conditions of the Securities of such series as are specified in such Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise so provided, a series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such series or to establish additional terms of such series of Securities.
          If any of the terms of the Securities of any series shall be established by action taken by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, the Board Resolution shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate setting forth the terms of such series.
          Section 3.2. Currency; Denominations . Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, the principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities shall be payable in Dollars. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, Registered Securities denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in registered form without Coupons in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, and the Bearer Securities denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in the denomination of $5,000. Securities not denomi-

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nated in Dollars shall be issuable in such denominations as are established with respect to such Securities in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization.
          Section 3.3. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating . Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by an Authorized Officer and attested by a different Authorized Officer. Coupons shall be executed on behalf of the Company by the Chief Financial Officer or Chief Accounting Officer of the Company. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto may be manual or facsimile.
          Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities and Coupons or did not hold such offices at the date of original issuance of such Securities or Coupons.
          At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities, together with any Coupons appertaining thereto, executed by the Company, to the Trustee for authentication and, provided that the Board Resolution and Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture or indentures with respect to such Securities referred to in Section 3.1 and a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities have been delivered to the Trustee, the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order and subject to the provisions hereof and of such Securities shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. In authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, the Trustee shall be provided with, and (subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in, and may conclusively rely upon,
          (1) an Opinion or Opinions of Counsel to the effect that:
     (a) the form or forms and terms of such Securities and Coupons, if any, have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;
     (b) all conditions precedent to the authentication and delivery of such Securities and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto, have been complied with and that such Securities and Coupons, when completed by appropriate insertions, executed under the Company’s corporate seal and attested by duly authorized officers of the Company, delivered by duly authorized officers of the Company to the Trustee for authentication pursuant to this Indenture, and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except as enforcement thereof may be subject to or limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, arrangement, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally, and subject to general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding in equity or at law) and will entitle

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the Holders thereof to the benefits of this Indenture; such Opinion of Counsel need express no opinion as to the availability of equitable remedies;
     (c) all laws and requirements in respect of the execution and delivery by the Company of such Securities and Coupons, if any, have been complied with; and
     (d) this Indenture has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act; and
     (2) an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent to the execution, authentication and delivery of such Securities and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto, have been complied with and that, to the best knowledge of the Persons executing such certificate, no event which is, or after notice or lapse of time would become, an Event of Default with respect to any of the Securities shall have occurred and be continuing.
          If all the Securities of any series are not to be issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver an Opinion of Counsel and an Officers’ Certificate at the time of issuance of each Security, but such opinion and certificate, with appropriate modifications, shall be delivered at or before the time of issuance of the first Security of such series. After any such first delivery, any separate written request by an Authorized Officer of the Company or any person designated in writing by an Authorized Officer that the Trustee authenticate and deliver Securities of such series for original issue will be deemed to be a certification by the Company that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to authentication and delivery of such Securities continue to have been complied with.
          The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate or to cause an Authenticating Agent to authenticate any Securities, nor will it be liable for its refusal to authenticate or cause an Authenticating Agent to authenticate any Securities, if the issue of such Securities will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee or if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken.
          Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Each Bearer Security and any Bearer Security in global form shall be dated as of the date specified in or pursuant to the related Series Authorization.
          No Security or Coupon appertaining thereto shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for in Section 2.2 or Section 6.11 executed by or on behalf of the Trustee or by the Authenticating Agent by the manual signature of one of its authorized officers. Such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Except as permitted by Section 3.6 or Section 3.7, the Trustee shall not authenticate and deliver any Bearer Security unless all Coupons appertaining thereto then matured have been detached and cancelled.

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          Section 3.4. Temporary Securities . Pending the preparation of definitive Securities, the Company may execute and deliver to the Trustee and, upon Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the manner provided in Section 3.3, temporary Securities in lieu thereof which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, in registered form or, if authorized in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, in bearer form with one or more Coupons or without Coupons and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers of the Company executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities. Such temporary Securities may be in global form.
          Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form, which shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions thereof, if temporary Securities are issued, the Company shall cause definitive Securities to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of the same series and containing terms and provisions that are identical to those of any temporary Securities, such temporary Securities shall be exchangeable for such definitive Securities upon surrender of such temporary Securities at an Office or Agency for such Securities, without charge to any Holder thereof. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities (accompanied by any unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto), the Company shall execute and the Trustee upon Company Order shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Securities of authorized denominations of the same series and containing identical terms and provisions; provided , however , that no definitive Bearer Security, except as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Registered Security; and provided , further , that a definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Bearer Security only in compliance with the conditions set forth in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization with respect to a temporary global Security, until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series.
          Section 3.5. Registration, Transfer and Exchange . With respect to the Registered Securities of each series, if any, the Company shall cause to be kept a register (each such register being herein sometimes referred to as the “ Security Register ”) at an Office or Agency for such series in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of the Registered Securities of such series and of transfers of the Registered Securities of such series. Such Office or Agency shall be the “ Security Registrar ” for that series of Securities. Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, the Trustee shall be the initial Security Registrar for each series of Securities. The Company shall have the right to remove and replace from time to time the Security Registrar for any series of Securities; provided that no such removal or replacement shall be effective until a successor Security Registrar with respect to such series of Securities shall have been appointed by the Company and shall have accepted such appointment by the Company. In the event that the Trustee shall not be or shall cease to be Security Registrar with respect to a series of Securities, it shall have the right to examine the Security Register for such series at all reasonable times. There shall be only one Security Register for each series of Securities.

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          Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Registered Security of any series at any Office or Agency for such series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Registered Securities of the same series denominated as authorized in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, of a like aggregate principal amount bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding and containing identical terms and provisions.
          At the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of any series may be exchanged for other Registered Securities of the same series containing identical terms and provisions, in any authorized denominations, and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at any Office or Agency for such series. Whenever any Registered Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Registered Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.
          If provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, with respect to Securities of any series, at the option of the Holder, Bearer Securities of such series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of such series containing identical terms, denominated as authorized in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization and in the same aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Bearer Securities to be exchanged at any Office or Agency for such series, with all unmatured Coupons and all matured Coupons in default thereto appertaining. If the Holder of a Bearer Security is unable to produce any such unmatured Coupon or Coupons or matured Coupon or Coupons in default, such exchange may be effected if the Bearer Securities are accompanied by payment in funds acceptable to the Company and the Trustee in an amount equal to the face amount of such missing Coupon or Coupons, or the surrender of such missing Coupon or Coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there is furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Bearer Security shall surrender to any Paying Agent any such missing Coupon in respect of which such a payment shall have been made, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount of such payment; provided , however , that, except as otherwise provided in Section 10.2, interest represented by Coupons shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of those Coupons at an Office or Agency for such series located outside the United States. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered at any such Office or Agency for such series in exchange for a Registered Security of such series and like tenor after the close of business at such Office or Agency on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the related date for payment of Defaulted Interest, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the Coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date or proposed date of payment, as the case may be (or, if such Coupon is so surrendered with such Bearer Security, such Coupon shall be returned to the Person so surrendering the Bearer Security), and interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, shall not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of the Registered Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but shall be payable only to the Holder of such Coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.

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          If provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, at the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of such series may be exchanged for Bearer Securities upon such terms and conditions as may be provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization.
          Whenever any Securities are surrendered for exchange as contemplated by the immediately preceding two paragraphs, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.
          Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, any global Security shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities only if (i) the Depository is at any time unwilling, unable or ineligible to continue as depository and a successor depository is not appointed by the Company within 90 days of the date the Company is so informed in writing, (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee a Company Order to the effect that such global Security shall be so exchangeable, or (iii) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to the Securities. If the beneficial owners of interests in a global Security are entitled to exchange such interests for definitive Securities as the result of an event described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) of the preceding sentence, then without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee definitive Securities in such form and denominations as are required by or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, and of the same series, containing identical terms and in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such global Security, executed by the Company. On or after the earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, such global Security shall be surrendered from time to time by the U.S. Depository or such other Depository as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto, and in accordance with instructions given to the Trustee and the U.S. Depository or such other Depository, as the case may be (which instructions shall be in writing but need not be contained in or accompanied by an Officers’ Certificate or be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel), as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, as the Company’s agent for such purpose, to be exchanged, in whole or in part, for definitive Securities as described above without charge. The Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in exchange for each portion of such surrendered global Security, a like aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such global Security to be exchanged, which (unless such Securities are not issuable both as Bearer Securities and as Registered Securities, in which case the definitive Securities exchanged for the global Security shall be issuable only in the form in which the Securities are issuable, as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization) shall be in the form of Bearer Securities or Registered Securities, or any combination thereof, as shall be specified by the beneficial owner thereof, but subject to the satisfaction of any certification or other requirements to the issuance of Bearer Securities; provided , however , that no such exchanges may occur during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection of Securities of the same series to be redeemed and ending on the relevant Redemption Date; and provided , further , that (unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization) no Bearer Security delivered in exchange for a portion of a global Security shall be mailed or otherwise delivered to any location in the United States. Promptly following any such exchange in part, such

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global Security shall be returned by the Trustee to such Depository or the U.S. Depository, as the case may be, or such other Depository or U.S. Depository referred to above in accordance with the instructions of the Company referred to above. If a Registered Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a global Security after the close of business at the Office or Agency for such Security where such exchange occurs on or after (i) any Regular Record Date for such Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date for such Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the related proposed date for payment of interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, interest shall not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Registered Security, but shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion of such global Security shall be payable in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.
          All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company evidencing the same debt and entitling the Holders thereof to the same benefits under this Indenture as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.
          Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange or redemption shall (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar for such Security) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar for such Security duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.
          No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange, or redemption of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge and any other expenses (including fees and expenses of the Trustee) that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4, Section 9.5 or Section 11.7 not involving any transfer.
          Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, the Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of like tenor and the same series under Section 11.4 and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Registered Security selected for redemption in whole or in part, except in the case of any Security to be redeemed in part, the portion thereof not to be redeemed, or (iii) to exchange any Bearer Security selected for redemption except, to the extent provided with respect to such Bearer Security, that such Bearer Security may be exchanged for a Registered Security of like tenor and the same series, provided that such Registered Security shall be immediately surrendered for redemption with written instruction for payment consistent with the provisions of this Indenture or (iv) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security which, in accordance with its terms, has been surrendered for repayment at the option of the Holder, except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.

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          Each Holder of a Security agrees to indemnify the Company and the Trustee against any liability that may result from the transfer, exchange or assignment of such Holder’s Security in violation of any provision of this Indenture and/or applicable United States Federal or state securities law.
          The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between or among beneficial owners of interests in any global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.
          Section 3.6. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities . If any mutilated Security or a Security with a mutilated Coupon appertaining to it is surrendered to the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section 3.6, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same series containing identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, with Coupons appertaining thereto corresponding to the Coupons, if any, appertaining to the surrendered Security.
          If there be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security or Coupon, and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security or Coupon has been acquired by a protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and, upon the Company’s request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for the Security to which a destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertains with all appurtenant Coupons not destroyed, lost or stolen, a new Security of the same series containing identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, with Coupons appertaining thereto corresponding to the Coupons, if any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to the Security to which such destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertains.
          Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.6, in case any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or Coupon has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security or Coupon; provided , however , that payment of principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Bearer Securities shall, except as otherwise provided in Section 10.2, be payable only at an Office or Agency for such Securities located outside the United States and, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, any interest on Bearer Securities and any Additional Amounts with respect to such interest shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the Coupons appertaining thereto.
          Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section 3.6, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may

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be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee and the fees and expenses of the Trustee’s counsel) connected therewith.
          Every new Security, with any Coupons appertaining thereto issued pursuant to this Section 3.6 in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security, or in exchange for a Security to which a destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertains shall constitute a separate obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security and Coupons appertaining thereto or the destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of such series and any Coupons, if any, duly issued hereunder.
          The provisions of this Section 3.6, as amended or supplemented pursuant to this Indenture with respect to particular Securities or generally, shall be exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or Coupons.
          Section 3.7. Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved . Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, any interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Registered Security which shall be payable, and are punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered as of the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest.
          Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, any interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Registered Security which shall be payable, but shall not be punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for such Registered Security (herein called “ Defaulted Interest ”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder thereof on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder; and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:
     (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Person in whose name such Registered Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed by the Company in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on such Registered Security, the Special Record Date therefor and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit on or prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when so deposited to be held in trust in a segregated trust account pursuant to express written instructions of the Company for the benefit of the Person entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this Clause provided. The Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after notification to the Trustee of the proposed payment. The

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Trustee shall, in the name and at the expense of the Company, cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Holder of such Registered Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) at his address as it appears in the Security Register not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. The Trustee shall, in the name and at the expense of the Company cause a similar notice to be published at least once in an Authorized Newspaper of general circulation in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, but such publication shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment of such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Registered Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2).
     (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Security may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after written notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.
          Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization of any particular series pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, at the option of the Company, interest on Registered Securities that bear interest may be paid by mailing a check to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register or by wire transfer to an account maintained by the payee with a bank located in the United States.
          Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 3.5, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.
          Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization of any particular series pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, in the case of any Registered Security of any series that is convertible into shares of Common Stock of the Company or exchangeable for other securities, which Registered Security is converted or exchanged after any Regular Record Date and on or prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment Date (other than any Registered Security with respect to which the Stated Maturity is prior to such Interest Payment Date), interest with respect to which the Stated Maturity is on such Interest Payment Date shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date notwithstanding such conversion or exchange, and such interest (whether or not punctually paid or duly provided for) shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Registered Security (or one or more predecessor Registered Securities) is registered at the close of business on such Regular Record Date. Except as otherwise expressly provided in the immediately preceding sentence, in the case of any Regis-

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tered Security which is converted or exchanged, interest with respect to which the Stated Maturity is after the date of conversion or exchange of such Registered Security shall not be payable.
          Section 3.8. Persons Deemed Owners . Prior to due presentment of a Registered Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Registered Security is registered in the Security Register as the owner of such Registered Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of, any premium and (subject to Section 3.5 and Section 3.7) interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Registered Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not any payment with respect to such Registered Security shall be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.
          The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the bearer of any Bearer Security or the bearer of any Coupon as the absolute owner of such Security or Coupon for the purpose of receiving payment thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not any payment with respect to such Security or Coupon shall be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.
          No Holder of any beneficial interest in any global Security held on its behalf by a Depository shall have any rights under this Indenture with respect to such global Security, and such Depository may be treated by the Company, the Trustee, and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such global Security for all purposes whatsoever. None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
          Section 3.9. Cancellation . All Securities and Coupons surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer, exchange or conversion or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee, and any such Securities and Coupons, as well as Securities and Coupons surrendered directly to the Trustee for any such purpose, shall be cancelled promptly by the Trustee. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Securities so delivered shall be cancelled promptly by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization. All cancelled Securities and Coupons held by the Trustee shall be disposed of by the Trustee, unless by a Company Order the Company directs their return to it.
          Section 3.10. Computation of Interest . Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

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          Section 3.11. CUSIP Numbers . The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP,” “CINS” and “ISIN” numbers (if then generally in use), and the Trustee shall use CUSIP, CINS or ISIN numbers, as the case may be, in notices of redemption or exchange as a convenience to Holders and no representation shall be made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of redemption or exchange.
Article 4
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE
          Section 4.1. Satisfaction and Discharge . Upon the direction of the Company by a Company Order, this Indenture shall cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities specified in such Company Order and any Coupons appertaining thereto, and the Trustee, on receipt of a Company Order, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series, when
     (1) either
     (a) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered and all Coupons appertaining thereto (other than (i) Coupons appertaining to Bearer Securities of such series surrendered in exchange for Registered Securities of such series and maturing after such exchange whose surrender is not required or has been waived as provided in Section 3.5, (ii) Securities and Coupons of such series which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.6, (iii) Coupons appertaining to Securities of such series called for redemption and maturing after the relevant Redemption Date whose surrender has been waived as provided in Section 11.7, and (iv) Securities and Coupons of such series for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or
     (b) all Securities of such series and, in the case of (i) or (ii) below, any Coupons appertaining thereto not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation
     (i) have become due and payable,
     (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or
     (iii) if redeemable at the option of the Company or pursuant to the operation of a sinking fund, are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

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and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose, (1) money in the Currency in which such Securities are payable, (2) Government Obligations or (3) a combination thereof applicable to such Securities in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including the principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto (based upon applicable law as in effect on the date of such deposit), to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Maturity thereof, as the case may be;
     (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto; and
     (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with.
          In the event there are Securities of two or more series hereunder, the Trustee shall be required to execute an instrument acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture only if requested to do so with respect to Securities of such series as to which it is Trustee and if the other conditions thereto are met.
          Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to any series of Securities, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.6 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (b) of clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the Company and the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series under Section 3.5, Section 3.6, Section 4.3, Section 10.2 and Section 10.3, with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to such Securities (but only to the extent that the Additional Amounts payable with respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 4.1(1)(b)), and with respect to any rights to convert or exchange such Securities into Common Stock of the Company or other securities shall survive such satisfaction and discharge.
          Section 4.2. Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance .
          (1) Unless pursuant to Section 3.1, either or both of (i) defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under clause (2) of this Section 4.2 shall not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such series or (ii) covenant defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under clause (3) of this Section 4.2 shall not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such series, then such provisions, together with the other provisions of this Section 4.2 (with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to any Securities), shall be applicable to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, and the Company may at its option by Board Resolution, at any time, with respect to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, elect to have Section 4.2(2) or Section 4.2(3) be applied to

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such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Section 4.2.
          (2) Upon the Company’s exercise of the above option applicable to this Section 4.2(2) with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto on the date the conditions set forth in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 are satisfied (hereinafter, “ defeasance ”). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “ Outstanding ” only for the purposes of clause (5) of this Section 4.2 and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) below, and to have satisfied all of its other obligations under such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture insofar as such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto to receive, solely from the trust fund described in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 and as more fully set forth in such clause, payments in respect of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto when such payments are due, and any rights of such Holder to convert such Securities into Common Stock of the Company or exchange such Securities for other securities, (ii) the obligations of the Company and the Trustee with respect to such Securities under Section 3.5, Section 3.6, Section 10.2 and Section 10.3 and with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on such Securities (but only to the extent that the Additional Amounts payable with respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) below), and with respect to any rights to convert such Securities into Common Stock of the Company or exchange such Securities for other securities, (iii) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder including, without limitation, the compensation, reimbursement and indemnities provided in Section 6.6 herein and (iv) this Section 4.2. The Company may exercise its option under this Section 4.2(2) notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under clause (3) of this Section 4.2 with respect to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto.
          (3) Upon the Company’s exercise of the option to have this Section 4.2(3) apply with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be released from its obligations, to the extent specified pursuant to Section 3.1(19), any other covenant applicable to such Securities, including any obligation to redeem or repurchase such securities at the option of the Holder thereof, with respect to such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto on and after the date the conditions set forth in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 are satisfied (hereinafter, “ covenant defeasance ”), and such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto shall thereafter be deemed to be not “ Outstanding ” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with any such covenant or obligation, but shall continue to be deemed “ Outstanding ” for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, the Company may omit to comply

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with, and shall have no liability in respect of, any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such Section or such other covenant or obligation, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or such other covenant or obligation or by reason of reference in any such Section or such other covenant or obligation to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a default or an Event of Default under Section 5.1 but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto shall be unaffected thereby.
          (4) The following shall be the conditions to application of clause (2) or (3) of this Section 4.2 to any Outstanding Securities of or within a series and any Coupons appertaining thereto:
     (a) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the requirements of Section 6.7 who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Section 4.2 applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, (1) an amount in Dollars or in such Foreign Currency in which such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity, or (2) Government Obligations applicable to such Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto (determined on the basis of the Currency in which such Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity) which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment with respect to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, money in an amount, or (3) a combination thereof, in any case, in an amount, sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of such principal and interest, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, (y) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto (based upon applicable law as in effect on the date of such deposit), such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto at the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date of such principal or installment of principal or premium or interest and (z) any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto on the days on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto and, if applicable, shall have made irrevocable arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the redemption of any Securities to be redeemed at the option of the Company in connection with such deposit.
     (b) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (after giving effect thereto) and, with respect to defeasance only, no event described in Section

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5.1(6) or (7) shall have occurred at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).
     (c) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture) to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound.
     (d) In the case of an election under clause (2) of this Section 4.2 with respect to Registered Securities and any Bearer Securities for which the Place of Payment is within the United States, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that (i) the Company has received from the Internal Revenue Service a letter ruling, or there has been published by the Internal Revenue Service a Revenue Ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred.
     (e) In the case of an election under clause (3) of this Section 4.2 with respect to Registered Securities and any Bearer Securities for which the Place of Payment is within the United States, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.
     (f) With respect to defeasance only, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that, after the 91st day after the date of deposit, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to Section 3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) pursuant to this clause (4) to be held in trust will not be subject to recapture or avoidance as a preference in any case or proceeding (whether voluntary or involuntary) in respect of the Company under any Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, or any decree or order for relief in respect of the Company issued in connection therewith (for which purpose such Opinion of Counsel may assume that no Holder is an “insider”).
     (g) With respect to defeasance only, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate as to solvency and the absence of any intent of preferring the Holders over any other creditors of the Company.
     (h) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent to the defeasance or

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covenant defeasance under clause (2) or (3) of this Section 4.2 (as the case may be) have been complied with.
     (i) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section 4.2(4), such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or limitations which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant to Section 3.1.
          (5) Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Series Authorization, if, after a deposit referred to in Section 4.2(4)(a) has been made, (a) the Holder of a Security in respect of which such deposit was made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 3.1 or the terms of such Security to receive payment in a Currency other than that in which the deposit pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) has been made in respect of such Security, or (b) a Conversion Event occurs in respect of the Foreign Currency in which the deposit pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) has been made, the indebtedness represented by such Security and any Coupons appertaining thereto shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and satisfied through the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such Security as the same becomes due out of the proceeds yielded by converting (from time to time as specified below in the case of any such election) the amount or other property deposited in respect of such Security into the Currency in which such Security becomes payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on (x) in the case of payments made pursuant to clause (a) above, the applicable market exchange rate for such Currency in effect on the second Business Day prior to each payment date, or (y) with respect to a Conversion Event, the applicable market exchange rate for such Foreign Currency in effect (as nearly as feasible) at the time of the Conversion Event.
          The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 4.2(5) and Section 4.3, the “ Trustee ”) against any tax, fee or other charge, imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited pursuant to this Section 4.2 or the principal or interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto.
          Anything in this Section 4.2 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or Government Obligations (or other property and any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect a defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with this Section 4.2.
          Section 4.3. Application of Trust Money . Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to Section 3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.1 or Section 4.2 in respect of any Outstanding Securities of any series and any Coupons appertaining thereto shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture,

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to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts, if any; but such money and Government Obligations need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.
Article 5
REMEDIES
          Section 5.1. Events of Default . “ Event of Default ,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body), unless such event is specifically deleted or modified in or pursuant to the related Series Authorization:
     (1) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of such series, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, when such interest becomes or such Additional Amounts become due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 60 days and the time for payment of such interest or Additional Amounts has not been extended; provided, however that if the Company is permitted by the terms of the Securities of the applicable series to defer the payment in question, the date on which such payment is due and payable shall be the date on which the Company is required to make payment following such deferral, if such deferral has been elected pursuant to the terms of the Securities of that series; or
     (2) default in the payment of the principal of or any premium on any Security of such series, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, when such principal or premium becomes or such Additional Amounts become due and payable at their Maturity and the time for payment of such principal (or premium), or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, has not been extended; provided, however, that if the Company is permitted by the terms of the Securities of the applicable series to defer the payment in question, the date on which such payment is due and payable shall be the date on which the Company is required to make payment following such deferral, if such deferral has been elected pursuant to the terms of the Securities of that series; or
     (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when and as due by the terms of a Security of such series; or
     (4) default in the performance of the provisions of Section 7.4(l) and continuance of such default for a period of 180 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, (i) to the Company by the Trustee or (ii) to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, a written notice specifying such default and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “ Notice of Default ” hereunder; or

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     (5) default in the performance, or breach, of any other covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture or the Securities (other than a covenant or warranty a default in the performance or the breach of which is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with or which has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a series of Securities other than such series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, (i) to the Company by the Trustee or (ii) to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “ Notice of Default ” hereunder; or
     (6) the entry by a court having competent jurisdiction of:
     (a) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization (other than a reorganization under a foreign law that does not relate to insolvency) or other similar law and such decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or
     (b) a decree or order adjudging the Company to be insolvent, or approving a petition seeking reorganization (other than a reorganization under a foreign law that does not relate to insolvency), arrangement, adjustment or composition of the Company and such decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or
     (c) a final and non-appealable order appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of the property of the Company, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of the affairs of the Company; or
     (7) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization (other than a reorganization under a foreign law that does not relate to insolvency) or other similar law or of a voluntary proceeding seeking to be adjudicated insolvent or the consent by the Company to the entry of a decree or order for relief in an involuntary proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any insolvency proceedings against it, or the filing by the Company of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of the Company or relief under any applicable law, or the consent by the Company to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee or similar official of the Company or any substantial part of the property of the Company or the making by the Company of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action; or
     (8) any other Event of Default provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization with respect to Securities of such series.

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          Section 5.2. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment . If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (6) or (7) of Section 5.1) occurs and is continuing, then the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series may declare the principal of all the Securities of such series, to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by the Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal, together with accrued interest thereon, shall become immediately due and payable.
          If an Event of Default specified in clause (6) or (7) of Section 5.1 occurs, all unpaid principal of and accrued interest on the Outstanding Securities of that series shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder of any Security of that series.
          At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to the Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if
     (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum of money sufficient to pay
     (a) all overdue installments of any interest on and Additional Amounts with respect to all Securities of such series and any Coupon appertaining thereto,
     (b) the principal of and any premium on any Securities of such series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and interest thereon and any Additional Amounts with respect thereto at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in such Securities,
     (c) to the extent that payment of such interest or Additional Amounts is lawful, interest upon overdue installments of any interest and Additional Amounts at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in such Securities, and
     (d) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.6; and
     (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of such series, other than the non-payment of the principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of such series which shall have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, shall have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13.
          No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

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          Section 5.3. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee .
          The Company covenants that if
     (1) default is made in the payment of any installment of interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security or any Coupon appertaining thereto when such interest or Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or
     (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of or any premium on any Security or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto at their Maturity,
the Company shall, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, the whole amount of money then due and payable with respect to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, with interest upon the overdue principal, any premium and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, upon any overdue installments of interest and Additional Amounts at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount of money as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts due to the Trustee under Section 6.6.
          If the Company fails to pay the money it is required to pay the Trustee pursuant to the preceding paragraph forthwith upon the demand of the Trustee, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the money so due and unpaid, and may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto and collect the monies adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, wherever situated.
          If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee may deem necessary to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or such Securities or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein or therein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.
          Section 5.4. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim . In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities of any series or the property of the Company or such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of any overdue principal, premium,

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interest or Additional Amounts) shall be entitled and empowered, to the extent permitted by applicable law by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,
     (1) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount, or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of any applicable series, of the principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents or counsel) and of the Holders of Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto allowed in such judicial proceeding, and
     (2) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;
and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder of Securities or any Coupons to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders of Securities or any Coupons, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.6.
          Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of a Security or any Coupon any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or Coupons or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder of a Security or any Coupon in any such proceeding.
          Section 5.5. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities or Coupons . All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or any of the Securities or Coupons may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or Coupons or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery or judgment, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, shall be for the ratable benefit of each and every Holder of the Securities or Coupons in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.
          Section 5.6. Application of Money Collected . Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal, or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts, upon presentation of the Securities or Coupons, or both, as the case may be, and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:
      First : To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under Section 6.6;

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      Second : To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon the Securities and any Coupons for principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the aggregate amounts due and payable on such Securities and Coupons for principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts, respectively;
      Third : The balance, if any, to the Company.
          Section 5.7. Limitations on Suits . No Holder of any Security of any series or any Coupons appertaining thereto shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless
     (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such series;
     (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;
     (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee such indemnity as is reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;
     (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and
     (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series;
it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture or any Security to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other such Holders or Holders of Securities of any other series, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.
          Section 5.8. Unconditional Right of Holders To Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts . Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security or Coupon shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of, any premium and (subject to Section 3.5 and Section 3.7) interest on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Security or payment of such Coupon, as the case may be, on the respective Stated Maturity or Maturities therefor specified in such Security or Coupon (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment at the option of such Holder if provided with respect to such Security, on the

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date such repayment is due) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such right shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.
          Section 5.9. Restoration of Rights and Remedies . If the Trustee or any Holder of a Security or a Coupon has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case the Company, the Trustee and each such Holder shall, subject to any determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and each such Holder shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.
          Section 5.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative . Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or Coupons in the last paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to each and every Holder of a Security or a Coupon is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy, to the extent permitted by law, shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.
          Section 5.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver . No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security or Coupon to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to any Holder of a Security or a Coupon may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by such Holder, as the case may be.
          Section 5.12. Control by Holders of Securities . The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto, provided that
     (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture or with the Securities of such series,
     (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and
     (3) such direction is not unduly prejudicial to the rights of the other Holders of Securities of such series not joining in such action.
          Section 5.13. Waiver of Past Defaults . The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series on behalf of the Holders of all the

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Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto may waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default
     (1) in the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of such series or any Coupons appertaining thereto, or
     (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article 9 cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.
          Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.
          Section 5.14. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws . The Company covenants that (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company expressly waives (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.
          Section 5.15. Undertaking for Costs . All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of any undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, against any party litigant in such suit having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section 5.15 shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date, and, in the case of repayment or repurchase, on or after the date for repayment or repurchase) or for the enforcement of the right, if any, to convert or exchange any Security into Common Stock or other securities in accordance with its terms.

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Article 6
THE TRUSTEE
          Section 6.1. Certain Rights of Trustee . Subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act:
     (1) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon or other paper or document reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;
     (2) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or a Company Order (in each case, other than delivery of any Security, together with any Coupons appertaining thereto, to the Trustee for authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 3.3 which shall be sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;
     (3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence shall be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers’ Certificate;
     (4) the Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;
     (5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series or any Coupons appertaining thereto pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee such security or indemnity as is reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction;
     (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, coupon or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may but shall not be obligated to make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine, during business hours and upon reasonable notice, the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney at the expense of the Company and shall incur no liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation;

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     (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents, attorneys, custodians or nominees and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent, attorney, custodian or nominee appointed with due care by it hereunder;
     (8) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent, acted in bad faith or engaged in willful misconduct;
     (9) the Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, and Security Registrar shall have the same protections as the Trustee set forth hereunder;
     (10) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with an Act of the Holders hereunder, and, to the extent not so provided herein, with respect to any act requiring the Trustee to exercise its own discretion, relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture or any Securities, unless it shall be proved that, in connection with any such action taken, suffered or omitted or any such act, the Trustee was negligent, acted in bad faith or engaged in willful misconduct;
     (11) the Trustee is not responsible to see that the Company or any other Person is maintaining any insurance required by the Indenture;
     (12) the Trustee shall not be responsible for the recording, rerecording, filing of UCC Statements or UCC Continuation Statements;
     (13) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee which conform to the requirements of the Indenture;
     (14) except during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee;
     (15) except as expressly required by the terms of this Indenture, none of the provisions of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any liability, financial or otherwise, in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or indemnity satisfactory to it against such risk or liability is not assured to it;

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     (16) in case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;
     (17) the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office, and such notice references the Securities and this Indenture;
     (18) in no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any special, indirect, or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action; and
     (19) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder.
          Section 6.2. Notice of Defaults . Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities of such series entitled to receive reports pursuant to Section 7.3(3), notice of such default hereunder actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, unless such default shall have been cured or waived; provided , however , that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any), or interest, if any, on, or Additional Amounts or any sinking fund or purchase fund installment with respect to, any Security of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the best interest of the Holders of Securities and Coupons of such series; and provided , further , that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 5.1(4) or 5.1(5) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 60 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term “ default ” means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series.
          Section 6.3. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities . The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, and in any Coupons shall be taken as the statements of the Company and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities or the Coupons, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities and perform its obligations hereunder and that the statements made by it in a Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 supplied to the Company are true and accurate, subject to the qualifications set forth therein. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating

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Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of the Securities or the proceeds thereof.
          Section 6.4. May Hold Securities . The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other Person that may be an agent of the Trustee or the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities or Coupons and, subject to Sections 310(b) and 311 of the Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not the Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other Person.
          Section 6.5. Money Held in Trust . Except as provided in Section 4.3 and Section 10.3, money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law and shall be held uninvested. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed to in writing with the Company.
          Section 6.6. Compensation and Reimbursement . The Company agrees:
     (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation for all services rendered by the Trustee hereunder as agreed in writing between the Company and the Trustee (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);
     (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as shall be determined to have been caused by the Trustee’s own negligence or willful misconduct; and
     (3) to fully indemnify the Trustee and its agents, officers, directors and employees for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense incurred, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending themselves against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of their powers or duties hereunder, except to the extent that any such loss, liability or expense was caused by the Trustee’s own negligence or willful misconduct.
          As security for the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any series upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of, and premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto.
          To the extent permitted by law, any compensation or expense incurred by the Trustee after a default specified in or pursuant to Section 5.1 is intended to constitute an expense

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of administration under any then applicable bankruptcy or insolvency law. “ Trustee ” for purposes of this Section 6.6 shall include any predecessor Trustee but the negligence or bad faith of any Trustee shall not affect the rights of any other Trustee under this Section 6.6.
          The provisions of this Section 6.6 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or the earlier resignation or removal of the Trustee and shall apply with equal force and effect to the Trustee in its capacity as Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent or Security Registrar.
          Section 6.7. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility . There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a Corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, that is eligible under Section 310(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act and that has a combined capital and surplus (computed in accordance with Section 310(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000, and that is subject to supervision or examination by Federal or state authority. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.
          Section 6.8. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor .
          (1) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee pursuant to Section 6.9.
          (2) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.9 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition at the expense of the Company any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to such series.
          (3) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.9 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after such removal, the removed Trustee may petition at the expense of the Company any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to such series.
          (4) If at any time:
     (a) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the obligations imposed upon it under Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to Securities of any series after written request therefor by the Company or any Holder of a Security of such series who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months, or

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     (b) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.7 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or any such Holder, or
     (c) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,
then, in any such case, (i) the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities or the Securities of such series, or (ii) subject to Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities of such series and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.
          (5) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of such series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 6.9. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapacity, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.9, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders of Securities and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 6.9, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.
          (6) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series by mailing written notice of such event by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the Holders of Registered Securities, if any, of such series as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register and, if Securities of such series are issued as Bearer Securities, by publishing notice of such event once in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment located outside the United States. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.
          (7) In no event shall any retiring Trustee be liable for the acts or omissions of any successor Trustee hereunder.

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          Section 6.9. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor .
          (1) Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties hereunder of the retiring Trustee; but, on the written request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon payment of its charges, shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and, subject to Section 10.3, shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder, subject nevertheless to its claim, if any, provided for in Section 6.6.
          (2) Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and such successor Trustee shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, such successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any notice given to, or received by, or any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder, and, upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates other than as hereinafter expressly set forth, and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on written request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon payment of its charges with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates and subject to Section 10.3 shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, subject to its claim, if any, provided for in Section 6.6.

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          (3) Upon request of any Person appointed hereunder as a successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (1) or (2) of this Section, as the case may be.
          (4) No Person shall accept its appointment hereunder as a successor Trustee unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Person shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.
          Section 6.10. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business . Any Corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated but not delivered by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.
          Section 6.11. Appointment of Authenticating Agent . The Trustee may appoint one or more Authenticating Agents acceptable to the Company with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of that or those series issued upon original issue, exchange, registration of transfer, partial redemption or partial repayment or pursuant to Section 3.6, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent.
          Each Authenticating Agent must be acceptable to the Company and, except as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, shall at all times be a Corporation that would be permitted by the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act, is authorized under applicable law and by its charter to act as an Authenticating Agent and has a combined capital and surplus (computed in accordance with Section 310(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.
          Any Corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any Corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall be the successor of such Authenticating Agent hereunder, provided such Corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

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          An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Trustee and the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall (i) mail written notice of such appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Registered Securities, if any, of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent shall serve, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register, and (ii) if Securities of the series are issued as Bearer Securities, publish notice of such appointment at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the place where such successor Authenticating Agent has its principal office if such office is located outside the United States. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.
          The Company agrees to pay each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section. If the Trustee makes such payments, it shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 6.6.
          The provisions of Section 3.8, Section 6.3 and Section 6.4 shall be applicable to each Authenticating Agent.
          If an Authenticating Agent is appointed with respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to or in lieu of the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in substantially the following form:
     This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.
         
  THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON,
as Trustee
 
 
  By:      
    as Authenticating Agent   
       
 
     
  By:      
    Authorized Officer   
       
 
          If all of the Securities of any series may not be originally issued at one time, and if the Trustee does not have an office capable of authenticating Securities upon original issuance located in a Place of Payment where the Company wishes to have Securities of such series au-

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thenticated upon original issuance, the Trustee, if so requested in writing (which writing need not be accompanied by or contained in an Officers’ Certificate by the Company), shall appoint in accordance with this Section an Authenticating Agent having an office in a Place of Payment designated by the Company with respect to such series of Securities.
Article 7
HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY
          Section 7.1. Company To Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders . In accordance with Section 312(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Company shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee
     (1) semi-annually with respect to Securities of each series not later than May 1 and November 1 of the year or upon such other dates as are set forth in or pursuant to the Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto authorizing such series, a list, in each case in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders as of the applicable date, and
     (2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished,
provided , however , that so long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar no such list shall be required to be furnished.
          Section 7.2. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders . The Trustee shall comply with the obligations imposed upon it pursuant to Section 312 of the Trust Indenture Act.
          Every Holder of Securities or Coupons, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that none of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or any Security Registrar shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities in accordance with Section 312(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
          Section 7.3. Reports by Trustee .
          (1) Within 60 days after May 15 of each year commencing with the first May 15 following the first issuance of Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, if required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall transmit, pursuant to Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, a brief report dated as of such May 15 with respect to any of the events specified in said Section 313(a) which may have occurred since the later of the immediately preceding September 15 and the date of this Indenture.

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          (2) The Trustee shall transmit the reports required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act at the times specified therein.
          (3) Reports pursuant to this Section shall be transmitted in the manner and to the Persons required by Sections 313(c) and 313(d) of the Trust Indenture Act.
          Section 7.4. Reports by Company . The Company, pursuant to Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, shall:
     (1) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company files the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either of said Sections, then it shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations;
     (2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company, with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and regulations; and
     (3) transmit within 30 days after the filing thereof with the Trustee, in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission.
          Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained herein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates).
Article 8
CONSOLIDATION, AMALGAMATIONS, MERGER AND SALES
          Section 8.1. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms . The Company shall not consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into any other Person (whether or

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not affiliated with the Company), or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company), and the Company shall not permit any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) to consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into the Company or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to the Company; unless:
     (1) in case the Company shall consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to any Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or amalgamation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety shall be a Corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any state or territory thereof or the District of Columbia, Bermuda, Cayman Islands or any other country (including under the laws of any state, province or other political subdivision thereof) which is on the date of this Indenture a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and shall expressly assume, by an indenture (or indentures, if at such time there is more than one Trustee) supplemental hereto, executed by the successor Person and delivered to the Trustee the due and punctual payment of the principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to all the Securities and the performance of every obligation in this Indenture and the Outstanding Securities on the part of the Company to be performed or observed and shall provide for conversion or exchange rights in accordance with the provisions of the Securities of any series that are convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock or other securities;
     (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default or event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and
     (3) either the Company or the successor Person shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.
          Section 8.2. Successor Person Substituted for Company . Upon any consolidation or amalgamation by the Company with or merger of the Company into any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety to any Person in accordance with Section 8.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or amalgamation or into which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the predecessor Person shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture, the Secu-

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rities and the Coupons and in the event of such conveyance or transfer, except in the case of a lease, any such predecessor Person may be dissolved and liquidated.
Article 9
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
          Section 9.1. Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders . Without the consent of any Holders of Securities or Coupons, the Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, for any of the following purposes:
     (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company contained herein and in the Securities; or
     (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental indenture or indentures) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; or
     (3) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to provide that Bearer Securities may be registrable as to principal, to change or eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities, to permit Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Registered Securities, to permit Bearer Securities to be exchanged for Bearer Securities of other authorized denominations or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form, provided any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series or any Coupons appertaining thereto in any material respect; or
     (4) to establish the forms or terms of Securities of any series and any Coupons appertaining thereto as permitted by Section 2.1 and Section 3.1; or
     (5) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.9; or
     (6) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture which shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series then Outstanding or any Coupons appertaining thereto in any material respect; or

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     (7) to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth; or
     (8) to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental indenture); or
     (9) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Article 4, provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of any Holder of an Outstanding Security of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto or any other Outstanding Security or Coupon in any material respect; or
     (10) to provide any security for the Securities; or
     (11) to make provisions with respect to conversion or exchange rights of Holders of Securities of any series; or
     (12) to modify any restrictions on and procedures for resales of Securities of any series that is not registered pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 to reflect any change in applicable law or regulation (or the interpretation thereof) or in practices relating to the resale or transfer of restricted securities generally and to modify any legends placed on such Securities to reflect such restrictions and procedures; or
     (13) to add to or change or eliminate any provision of this Indenture as shall be necessary or desirable to conform to provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as at the time in effect, provided that such action shall not materially adversely affect the interests of the Holders of the Securities of any series; or
     (14) to amend or supplement any provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture, provided that no such amendment or supplement shall materially adversely affect the interests of the Holders of any Securities then Outstanding; it being understood the Trustee shall have no obligation to determine whether a proposed amendment or supplement will adversely affect the interests of the Holders and the Trustee shall have the right to be provided with and rely on an opinion of counsel as to any such adverse effect.
          Section 9.2. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders . With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Company’s Board Resolution) and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture or of the Securities of such series; provided , however , that no such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, shall

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     (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any premium or installment of interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof (or modify the calculation of such principal amount) or the rate (or modify the calculation of such rate) of interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto, or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or otherwise, or change the obligation of the Company to pay Additional Amounts (except as contemplated by Section 8.1(1) and permitted by Section 9.1(1)) or change the redemption provisions or adversely affect the right of repayment at the option of any Holder as contemplated by Article 13, or change the Place of Payment, Currency in which the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment at the option of the Holder, on or after the date for repayment), or
     (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or reduce the requirements of Section 15.4 for quorum or voting, or
     (3) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 5.13 or Section 10.5, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, or
     (4) make any change that adversely affects the right to convert or exchange any Security into or for Common Stock of the Company or other securities (whether or not issued by the Company), cash or property in accordance with its terms.
          Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by a Board Resolution authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Holders of Securities as aforesaid and other documents, if any, required by Section 1.4 or by Section 1.5 the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such supplemental indenture.
          A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which shall have been included expressly and solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

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          It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders of Securities under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.
          Section 9.3. Execution of Supplemental Indentures . As a condition to executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trust created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be provided with, and (subject to Section 315 of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent to the execution of such supplemental indenture have been fulfilled. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.
          Section 9.4. Effect of Supplemental Indentures . Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of a Security theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder and of any Coupon appertaining thereto shall be bound thereby.
          Section 9.5. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures . Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.
          Section 9.6. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act . Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.
          Section 9.7. Notice of Supplemental Indenture . Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to Section 9.2, the Company shall transmit to the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series affected thereby a notice setting forth the substance of such supplemental indenture. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.
Article 10
COVENANTS
          Section 10.1. Payment of Principal, any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts . The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of each series that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of, any premium and interest on and

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any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of such series in accordance with the terms thereof, any Coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture. Any interest due on any Bearer Security on or before the Maturity thereof, and any Additional Amounts payable with respect to such interest, shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the Coupons appertaining thereto for such interest as they severally mature.
          Section 10.2. Maintenance of Office or Agency . The Company shall maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an Office or Agency where Securities of such series (but not Bearer Securities, except as otherwise provided below, unless such Place of Payment is located outside the United States) may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of such series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of such series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such series relating thereto and this Indenture may be served. If Securities of a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, the Company, except as otherwise permitted or required in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization shall maintain, subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto, an Office or Agency in a Place of Payment for such series which is located outside the United States where Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto may be presented and surrendered for payment; provided , however , that if the Securities of such series are listed on The International Stock Exchange of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland or the Luxembourg Stock Exchange or any other stock exchange located outside the United States and such stock exchange shall so require, the Company shall maintain a Paying Agent in London, Luxembourg or any other required city located outside the United States, as the case may be, so long as the Securities of such series are listed on such exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such Office or Agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Office or Agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, except that Bearer Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto may be presented and surrendered for payment at the place specified for the purpose with respect to such Securities as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.
          Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, no payment of principal, premium, interest or Additional Amounts with respect to Bearer Securities shall be made at any Office or Agency in the United States or by check mailed to any address in the United States or by wire transfer to an account maintained with a bank located in the United States; provided , however , if amounts owing with respect to any Bearer Securities shall be payable in Dollars, payment of principal of, any premium or interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any such Security may be made at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee or any Office or Agency designated by the Company in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, if (but only if) payment of the full amount of such principal, premium, interest or Additional Amounts at all offices outside the United States maintained for such purpose by the Company in accordance with this Indenture is illegal or effectively precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions.

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          The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other Offices or Agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided , however , that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an Office or Agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other Office or Agency. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, the Company hereby designates as the Place of Payment for each series of Securities the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, and initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as the Office or Agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York for such purpose. The Company may subsequently appoint a different Office or Agency in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York for the Securities of any series.
          Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 3.1, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are denominated in a Foreign Currency or (ii) may be payable in a Foreign Currency, or so long as it is required under any other provision of this Indenture, then the Company will maintain with respect to each such series of Securities, or as so required, at least one exchange rate agent.
          Section 10.3. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust . If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, it shall, on or before each due date of the principal of, any premium or interest on or Additional Amounts with respect to any of the Securities of such series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1 for the Securities of such series) sufficient to pay the principal or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of its action or failure so to act.
          Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it shall, on or prior to each due date of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities of such series, deposit with any Paying Agent a sum (in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the principal and any premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of its action or failure so to act.
          The Company shall cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent shall:
     (1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of such series in trust

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for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization;
     (2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any payment of principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of such series; and
     (3) at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.
          The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such sums.
          Except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto, any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security of any series or any Coupon appertaining thereto and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal or any such premium or interest or any such Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security or any Coupon appertaining thereto shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided , however , that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, at the expense of the Company may cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment for such series or to be mailed to Holders of Registered Securities of such series, or both, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication or mailing nor shall it be later than two years after such principal and or any premium or interest or Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.
          Section 10.4. Corporate Existence . Subject to Article 8, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and rights (charter and statutory) and franchises; provided , however , that the foregoing shall not obligate the Company to preserve any such right or franchise if the Company shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of its business and that the loss thereof is not disadvantageous in any material respect to any Holder.

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          Section 10.5. Waiver of Certain Covenants . In respect of any series of Securities, the Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in Section 10.4 or included in an indenture supplemental hereto or established pursuant to a Series Authorization solely for the benefit of such series of Securities if before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, by Act of such Holders, either shall waive such compliance in such instance or generally shall have waived compliance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.
          Section 10.6. Company Statement as to Compliance; Notice of Certain Defaults .
          (1) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a written statement (which need not be contained in or accompanied by an Officers’ Certificate) signed by the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer or the principal accounting officer of the Company, stating that
     (a) a review of the activities of the Company during such year and of its performance under this Indenture has been made under his or her supervision, and
     (b) to the best of his or her knowledge, based on such review, (a) the Company has complied with all the conditions and covenants imposed on it under this Indenture throughout such year, or, if there has been a default in the fulfillment of any such condition or covenant, specifying each such default known to him or her and the nature and status thereof, and (b) no event has occurred and is continuing which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default, or, if such an event has occurred and is continuing, specifying each such event known to him and the nature and status thereof.
          (2) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within five days after the occurrence thereof, written notice of any Event of Default or any event which after notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default pursuant to clause (4) of Section 5.1.
          (3) The Trustee shall have no duty to monitor the Company’s compliance with the covenants contained in this Article 10 other than as specifically set forth in this Section 10.6.
          Section 10.7. Calculation of Original Issue Discount . The Company shall file with the Trustee promptly at the end of each calendar year (i) a written notice specifying the amount of original issue discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on any Outstanding Original Issue Discount Securities as of the end of such year and (ii) such other specific information relating to such original issue discount as may then be relevant under the Code, as amended from time to time.

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Article 11
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES
          Section 11.1. Applicability of Article . Redemption of Securities of any series as permitted or required by the terms of such Securities shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto) this Article.
          Section 11.2. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee . The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of (a) less than all of the Securities of any series or (b) all of the Securities of any series, with the same issue date, interest rate or formula, Stated Maturity and other terms, the Company shall, at least 45 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee in writing of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed.
          Section 11.3. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed . If less than all of the Securities of any series with the same issue date, interest rate or formula, Stated Maturity and other terms are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions of the principal amount of Registered Securities of such series; provided , however , that no such partial redemption shall reduce the portion of the principal amount of a Registered Security of such series not redeemed to less than the minimum denomination for a Security of such series established herein or pursuant hereto.
          The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security Registrar (if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.
          For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.
          Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization of any series, if any Security selected for partial redemption is converted into Common Stock of the Company or exchanged for other securities in part before termination of the conversion or exchange right with respect to the portion of the Security so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be) to be the portion selected for redemption. Securities which have been converted or exchanged during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by the Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection.

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          Section 11.4. Notice of Redemption . Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section 1.6, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed, to the Holders of Securities to be redeemed. Failure to give notice by mailing in the manner herein provided to the Holder of any Registered Securities designated for redemption as a whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to any such Holder, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities or portion thereof.
          Any notice that is mailed to the Holder of any Registered Securities in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not such Holder receives the notice.
          All notices of redemption shall state:
     (1) the Redemption Date, and if such redemption date is conditional, a description of the event upon which it is conditioned,
     (2) the Redemption Price,
     (3) if less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the principal amount) of the particular Security or Securities to be redeemed,
     (4) in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder of such Security will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed,
     (5) that, on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price shall become due and payable upon each such Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, in the case of a Registered Security, together with any accrued interest and Additional Amounts pertaining thereto, and that unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and other amounts then due, interest thereon, if applicable, shall cease to accrue on and after said date,
     (6) the place or places where such Securities, together (in the case of Bearer Securities) with all Coupons appertaining thereto, if any, maturing on or after the Redemption Date, are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and any accrued interest and Additional Amounts pertaining thereto,
     (7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case,
     (8) that, unless otherwise specified in such notice, Bearer Securities of any series, if any, surrendered for redemption must be accompanied by all Coupons maturing subsequent to the date fixed for redemption or the amount of any such missing Coupon or

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Coupons will be deducted from the Redemption Price, unless security or indemnity satisfactory to the Company, the Trustee and any Paying Agent is furnished,
     (9) if Bearer Securities of any series are to be redeemed and no Registered Securities of such series are to be redeemed, and if such Bearer Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities not subject to redemption on the Redemption Date pursuant to Section 3.5 or otherwise, the last date, as determined by the Company, on which such exchanges may be made,
     (10) in the case of Securities of any series that are convertible into Common Stock of the Company or exchangeable for other securities, the conversion or exchange price or rate, the date or dates on which the right to convert or exchange the principal of the Securities of such series to be redeemed will commence or terminate and the place or places where such Securities may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, and
     (11) the CUSIP number or the Euroclear or the Clearstream reference numbers of such Securities, if any (or any other numbers used by a Depository to identify such Securities).
          A notice of redemption published as contemplated by Section 1.6 need not identify particular Registered Securities to be redeemed.
          Notice of redemption of Securities shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company; provided if the latter case the Company will give the Trustee at least ten days’ prior notice of such request.
          Section 11.5. Deposit of Redemption Price . On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit, with respect to the Securities of any series called for redemption, with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of money in the applicable Currency sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1 or in the Securities of such series) any accrued interest on and Additional Amounts with respect thereto, all such Securities or portions thereof which are to be redeemed on that date.
          Section 11.6. Securities Payable on Redemption Date . Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, become due and payable on the Redemption Date, at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and any accrued interest or Additional Amounts) such Securities shall cease to bear interest and the Coupons for such interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be redeemed, except to the extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, together with all Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the Redemption Date, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with any accrued interest and Additional Amounts to the Redemption Date; provided , however , that, except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to the related Series Authorization and the Coupons, installments of interest on Bearer Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Re-

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demption Date shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of Coupons for such interest (at an Office or Agency located outside the United States except as otherwise provided in Section 10.2), and provided , further , that, except as otherwise specified in or pursuant to the related Series Authorization, installments of interest on Registered Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the Regular Record Dates therefor according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.7 and installments of interest on Registered Securities for which the Redemption Date is after a Regular Record Date and on or before the following Interest Payment Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the Regular Record Dates therefor according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.7.
          If any Bearer Security surrendered for redemption shall not be accompanied by all appurtenant Coupons maturing after the Redemption Date, such Security may be paid after deducting from the Redemption Price an amount equal to the face amount of all such missing Coupons, or the surrender of such missing Coupon or Coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any such missing Coupon in respect of which a deduction shall have been made from the Redemption Price, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount so deducted; provided , however , that any interest or Additional Amounts represented by Coupons shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of those Coupons at an Office or Agency for such Security located outside of the United States except as otherwise provided in Section 10.2.
          If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium, until paid, shall bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security.
          Section 11.7. Securities Redeemed in Part . Any Registered Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at any Office or Agency for such Security (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing) and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Registered Security or Securities of the same series, containing identical terms and provisions, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered. If a Security in global form is so surrendered, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the U.S. Depository or other Depository for such Security in global form as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, without service charge, a new Security in global form in a denomination equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security in global form so surrendered.

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Article 12
SINKING FUNDS
          Section 12.1. Applicability of Article . The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise permitted or required in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization.
          The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “ mandatory sinking fund payment ,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such series is herein referred to as an “ optional sinking fund payment .” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 12.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series and this Indenture.
          Section 12.2. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities . The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver Outstanding Securities of such series (other than any of such Securities previously called for redemption or any of such Securities in respect of which cash shall have been released to the Company), together in the case of any Bearer Securities of such series with all unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto, and (2) apply as a credit Securities of such series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such series of Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such series of Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If, as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities of any series in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 12.2, the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed in order to satisfy the remaining sinking fund payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such series for redemption, except upon Company Request, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment; provided , however , that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall at the written request of the Company from time to time pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment requested to be released to the Company.
          Section 12.3. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund . Not less than 75 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be

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satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that series pursuant to Section 12.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so credited and not theretofore delivered. If such Officers’ Certificate shall specify an optional amount to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 11.3 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 11.4. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 11.6 and Section 11.7.
Article 13
REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS
          Section 13.1. Applicability of Article . Securities of any series which are repayable at the option of the Holders thereof before their Stated Maturity shall be repaid in accordance with the terms of the Securities of such series. The repayment of any principal amount of Securities pursuant to such option of the Holder to require repayment of Securities before their Stated Maturity, for purposes of Section 3.9, shall not operate as a payment, redemption or satisfaction of the Indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the Company, at its option, shall deliver or surrender the same to the Trustee with a written directive that such Securities be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 13.1, in connection with any repayment of Securities, the Company may arrange for the purchase of any Securities by an agreement with one or more investment bankers or other purchasers to purchase such Securities by paying to the Holders of such Securities on or before the close of business on the repayment date an amount not less than the repayment price payable by the Company on repayment of such Securities, and the obligation of the Company to pay the repayment price of such Securities shall be satisfied and discharged to the extent such payment is so paid by such purchasers.
Article 14
SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES
          Section 14.1. Applicability of Article . Whenever this Indenture provides for (i) any action by, or the determination of any of the rights of, Holders of Securities of any series in which not all of such Securities are denominated in the same Currency, or (ii) any distribution to Holders of Securities, in the absence of any provision to the contrary in the form of Security of any particular series or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, any amount in respect of any Security denominated in a Currency other than Dollars shall be treated for any such action or distribution as that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount on such reasonable basis of exchange and as of the record date with respect to Registered Securities of such series (if any) for such action, determination of rights or distribution (or, if there shall be no applicable record date, such other date reasonably proximate to the date of such action, de-

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termination of rights or distribution) as the Company may specify in a written notice to the Trustee. The Trustee shall have no responsibility or liability for any amounts obtained in any such exchange.
Article 15
MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
          Section 15.1. Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called . A meeting of Holders of Securities of any series may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article to make, give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series.
          Section 15.2. Call, Notice and Place of Meetings .
          (1) The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series for any purpose specified in Section 15.1, to be held at such time and at such place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or, if Securities of such series have been issued in whole or in part as Bearer Securities, in London or in such place outside the United States as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided in Section 1.6, not less than 21 nor more than 180 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.
          (2) In case at any time the Company (by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in Section 15.1, by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have mailed notice of or made the first publication of the notice of such meeting within 21 days after receipt of such request (whichever shall be required pursuant to Section 1.6) or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or, if Securities of such series are to be issued as Bearer Securities, in London for such meeting and may call such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in clause (1) of this Section.
          Section 15.3. Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings . To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, a Person shall be (1) a Holder of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series, or (2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series by such Holder or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

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          Section 15.4. Quorum; Action . The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series. In the absence of a quorum within 30 minutes after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any reconvened meeting, such reconvened meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such reconvened meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in Section 15.2(1), except that such notice need be given only once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of an adjourned meeting shall state expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.
          Except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.2, any resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted only by the affirmative vote of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series; provided , however , that, except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.2, any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act which this Indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage, which is less than a majority, in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series.
          Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series and the Coupons appertaining thereto, whether or not such Holders were present or represented at the meeting.
          Section 15.5. Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings .
          (1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series in regard to proof of the holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.4 and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.4 or by having the signature of the person executing the proxy witnessed or guaranteed by any trust company, bank or banker authorized by Section 1.4 to certify to the holding of Bearer Securities. Such regulations may provide that written instruments

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appointing proxies, regular on their face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 1.4 or other proof.
          (2) The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 15.2, in which case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.
          (3) At any meeting, each Holder of a Security of such series or proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of Securities of such series held or represented by him; provided , however , that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder of a Security of such series or proxy.
          (4) Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called pursuant to Section 15.2 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.
          Section 15.6. Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings . The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of the Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports of all votes cast at the meeting. A record of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was given as provided in Section 15.2 and, if applicable, Section 15.4. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.
* * * * *

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          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.
         
  VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
 
 
  By:   /s/ Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino    
    Name:   Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino   
    Title:   Executive Vice President &
Chief Financial Officer 
 
 
  THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON,
as Trustee
 
 
  By:   /s/ Francine Kincaid    
    Name:   Francine Kincaid   
    Title:   Vice President   
 

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      Exhibit 4.2
EXECUTION VERSION
 
 
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD., as Issuer,
and
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON,
as Trustee
 
FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE
Dated January 26, 2010
 
8.875% Senior Notes due 2040
 
 

 


 

          INDENTURE, dated January 26, 2010, between Validus Holdings, Ltd., a company duly organized and existing under the laws of Bermuda (herein called the “ Company ”), having its principal office at 29 Richmond Road, Pembroke, Bermuda HM 08, and The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York banking corporation, as trustee hereunder (herein called the “ Trustee ”).
RECITALS OF THE COMPANY
          The Company and the Trustee entered into an Indenture dated January 26, 2010 (the “ Original Indenture ”), pursuant to which senior unsecured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness of the Company (the “ Securities ”), which may be convertible into or exchangeable for any securities of any Person (including the Company), may be issued in one or more series from time to time.
          Section 9.1 of the Original Indenture permits the terms of any series of Securities to be established in an indenture supplemental to the Original Indenture.
          Section 9.1 of the Original Indenture provides that a supplemental indenture may be entered into by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of any Holders of the Securities for certain purposes stated therein.
          The Company has requested the Trustee to join with it in the execution and delivery of this First Supplemental Indenture in order to supplement the Original Indenture by, among other things, establishing certain terms of a series of Securities to be known as the Company’s “8.875% Senior Notes due 2040” (the “ Notes ”), and adding certain provisions thereof for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes.
          The Company has furnished the Trustee with a duly authorized and executed Company Order dated January 26, 2010 authorizing the execution of this First Supplemental Indenture and the issuance of the Notes. Such Company Order is sometimes referred to herein as the “ Authentication Order .”
          All things necessary to make this First Supplemental Indenture a valid agreement of the Company and the Trustee and a valid supplement to the Original Indenture have been done.
          NOW, THEREFORE, THIS FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE WITNESSETH:
          For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Notes to be issued hereunder by Holders thereof, the Company and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree, for the equal and proportionate benefit of the respective Holders from time to time of the Notes, as follows:

 


 

ARTICLE ONE
DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF
GENERAL APPLICATION
SECTION 1.1. Definitions .
          The Original Indenture together with this First Supplemental Indenture are hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as the “ Indenture .” For the avoidance of doubt, references to any “Section” of the “Indenture” refer to such Section of the Original Indenture as supplemented and amended by this First Supplemental Indenture. All capitalized terms which are used herein and not otherwise defined herein are defined in the Original Indenture and are used herein with the same meanings as in the Original Indenture. If a capitalized term is defined in the Original Indenture and this First Supplemental Indenture, the definition in this First Supplemental Indenture shall apply to the Notes.
          For all purposes of this First Supplemental Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:
     (1) the terms defined in this article have the meanings assigned to them in this article and include the plural as well as the singular;
     (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein;
     (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the term “generally accepted accounting principles” with respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as are generally accepted at the date of such computation;
     (4) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular article, section or other subdivision; and
     (5) all references used herein to the male gender shall include the female gender.
          “ Interest Payment Date ” means, with respect to the Notes only, January 26 and July 26 of each year.
          “ Regular Record Date ” means with respect to the Notes only, the close of business on January 15 and July 15, as the case may be, immediately preceding each Interest Payment Date.

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ARTICLE TWO
SECURITIES FORMS
SECTION 2.1. Creation of the Notes; Designations .
          In accordance with Section 3.1 of the Original Indenture, the Company hereby creates the Notes as a series of its Securities issued pursuant to the Indenture. The Notes shall be known and designated as the “8.875% Senior Notes due 2040” of the Company.
SECTION 2.2. Forms Generally .
          The Notes and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in the forms set forth in Exhibit I attached hereto, with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by the Indenture and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Notes, as evidenced by their execution of the Notes. Any portion of the text of any Note may be set forth on the reverse thereof, with an appropriate reference thereto on the face of the Note.
          The Notes shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods or may be produced in any other manner, as determined by the officers of the Company executing such Notes, as evidenced by their manual execution of such Notes.
ARTICLE THREE
GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE NOTES
SECTION 3.1. Title and Terms of Notes .
          (a) The aggregate principal amount of Notes which shall be authenticated and delivered on January 26, 2010 (the “ Issue Date ”) under the Indenture shall be $250,000,000 (and which shall initially be in the form of a Global Security); provided, however, that the Company from time to time, without giving notice to or seeking the consent of the Holders of the Notes, may issue additional senior notes in any amount having the same ranking and the same interest rate, interest payment dates, maturity and other terms as the Notes, except for the issue price, the issue date and, in some cases, the first interest payment date; any additional senior notes having such similar terms shall be authenticated by the Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order to that effect, and when so authenticated, will constitute “Notes” for all purposes of the Indenture and will (together with all other Notes issued under the Indenture) constitute a single series of Securities under the Indenture. The Notes will be issued only in fully registered form without coupons in denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.
          (b) The principal amount of the Notes is due and payable in full on January 26, 2040 unless earlier redeemed.

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          (c) The Notes shall bear interest at the rate of 8.875% per annum (computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months) from the Issue Date or from the most recent Interest Payment Date on which interest has been paid or duly provided for to maturity or early redemption; and interest will be payable semi-annually in arrears on January 26 and July 26 of each year, commencing July 26, 2010, to the Persons in whose name such Notes were registered at the close of business on the preceding January 15 or July 15, respectively.
          (d) Principal of and interest on the Notes shall be payable in accordance with Sections 1.14, 3.7 and 10.1 of the Original Indenture.
          (e) Other than as provided in Article Four of this First Supplemental Indenture, the Notes shall not be redeemable.
          (f) The Notes shall not be entitled to the benefits of a sinking fund.
          (g) The Notes shall not be convertible into any other securities.
          (h) Section 4.2(3) of the Original Indenture shall apply to the Notes.
          (i) The Company initially appoints the Trustee as Registrar and Paying Agent with respect to the Notes until such time as the Trustee has resigned or a successor has been appointed.
          (j) The Company shall pay principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Notes in money of the United States of America that at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts.
          (k) A Holder may transfer or exchange Notes only in accordance with the Indenture. Upon any transfer or exchange, the Registrar and the Trustee may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements or transfer documents. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company or the Trustee may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection therewith.
ARTICLE FOUR
REDEMPTION
SECTION 4.1. Optional Redemption .
          The Notes will be redeemable, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at the Company’s option, at a Redemption Price equal to accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount being redeemed to the Redemption Date plus the greater of: (A) 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed and (B) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the Notes to be redeemed (not including any portion of such payments of interest accrued to the date of redemption) discounted to the date of redemption on a semiannual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate, plus 50 basis points. Interest on the Notes for which the Redemption Date

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is after a Regular Record Date and before the following Interest Payment Date, shall be payable to the Holder of such Notes at the close of business on the Regular Record Date.
SECTION 4.2. Optional Redemption Definitions .
          As used in this Article Four, the following terms shall have the respective meanings set forth below:
          “ Treasury Rate ” means, for any Redemption Date, the rate per year equal to the semi-annual equivalent yield to maturity of the Comparable Treasury Issue, assuming a price for the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed as a percentage of its principal amount) equal to the Comparable Treasury Price for the Redemption Date. The Treasury Rate shall be calculated on the third Business Day preceding the Redemption Date for the Notes being redeemed.
          “ Comparable Treasury Issue ” means the United States Treasury security selected as having a maturity comparable to the remaining term of the Notes being redeemed that would be utilized, at the time of selection and in accordance with customary financial practice, in pricing new issues of corporate notes of comparable maturity to the remaining term of such Notes.
          “ Comparable Treasury Price ” means, with respect to any Redemption Date, (A) the average of the Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations for the Redemption Date, after excluding the highest and lowest Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations for that Redemption Date, or (B) if the Trustee is provided with fewer than four Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations, the average of all Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations obtained.
          “ Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations ” means, with respect to each Reference Treasury Dealer and any Redemption Date, the average, as determined by the Trustee, of the bid and asked prices for the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed in each case as a percentage of its principal amount) quoted in writing to the Trustee by the Reference Treasury Dealer at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the third Business Day preceding the Redemption Date for the Notes being redeemed.
          “ Reference Treasury Dealers ” means (1) each of Goldman, Sachs & Co., J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. or Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and, in each case, their respective successors and (2) any other primary Treasury dealer the Company selects. If any of the foregoing ceases to be a primary U.S. government securities dealer in New York City, the Company must substitute another primary Treasury dealer.
SECTION 4.3. Optional Redemption Procedures .
          The provisions of Article 11 of the Original Indenture shall apply in the case of a redemption pursuant to this Article Four.

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ARTICLE FIVE
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
          Article 5, Section 5.1(1) of the Original Indenture shall be superseded in its entirety by this Article Five with respect to, and solely for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes; provided that this Article Five shall not become a part of the terms of any other series of Securities.
          (1) default in the payment of any interest on the Notes, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, when such interest becomes or such Additional Amounts become due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days and the time for payment of such interest or Additional Amounts has not been extended; or
ARTICLE SIX
CONSOLIDATIONS, AMALGAMATIONS, MERGERS AND SALES
          Article 8, Section 8.1 of the Original Indenture shall be superseded in its entirety by this Article Six with respect to, and solely for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes; provided that this Article Six shall not become a part of the terms of any other series of Securities.
SECTION 6.1. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms .
          The Company shall not (1) consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into any other Person or convey, transfer or lease the properties and assets of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to any other Person and (2) the Company shall not permit any Person to consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into the Company or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to the Company; unless:
     (a) in case the Company shall consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to any Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or amalgamation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety shall be a Corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any state or territory thereof or the District of Columbia, Bermuda, Cayman Islands or any other country (including under the laws of any state, province or other political subdivision thereof) which is on the date of this Indenture a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and shall expressly assume, by an indenture (or indentures, if at such time there is more than one Trustee) supplemental hereto, executed by the successor Person and delivered to the Trustee the due and punctual payment of the principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to all the Securities and the performance of every obligation in this Indenture and the Outstanding Securities on the part of the Company to be performed or observed and shall provide for conversion or exchange rights in

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accordance with the provisions of the Securities of any series that are convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock or other securities;
     (b) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default or event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and
     (c) either the Company or the successor Person shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.
ARTICLE SEVEN
COVENANTS
SECTION 7.1. Covenants .
          (a) The Notes shall be entitled to the benefit of each of the covenants in Article 10 of the Original Indenture and the following additional covenants (which shall be deemed to be provisions of the Original Indenture and made subject to the provisions of Section 10.5 of the Original Indenture and, when referred to as a provision of the Original Indenture, shall be identified by reference to the Section number that is set forth immediately preceding the covenant):
     “SECTION 10.8 Payment of Additional Amounts .
          The Company shall make all payments of principal of and premium, if any, interest and any other amounts on, or in respect of, the Notes without withholding or deduction at source for, or on account of, any present or future taxes, fees, duties, assessments or governmental charges of whatever nature imposed or levied by or on behalf of Bermuda or any other jurisdiction in which the Company is organized (each, a “taxing jurisdiction”) or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, unless such taxes, fees, duties, assessments or governmental charges are required to be withheld or deducted by (a) the laws (or any regulations or rulings promulgated thereunder) of a taxing jurisdiction or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein or (b) an official position regarding the application, administration, interpretation or enforcement of any such laws, regulations or rulings (including, without limitation, a holding by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a taxing authority in a taxing jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof). If a withholding or deduction at source is required by the laws of Bermuda or the jurisdiction in which the Company is organized, the Company shall, subject to certain limitations and exceptions set forth below, pay to the Holder of any such Note such Additional Amounts as may be necessary so that every net payment of principal, premium, if any, interest or any other amount made to such Holder, after the withholding or deduction, will not be less than the amount provided for in such Note or in

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this Indenture to be then due and payable; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay any Additional Amounts for or on account of:
     (i) any tax, fee, duty, assessment or governmental charge of whatever nature that would not have been imposed but for the fact that such Holder (or in the case of clause (1), a fiduciary, settler, beneficiary, partner, member or shareholder of or possessor of power over the relevant Holder if the Holder is an estate, nominee, trust, partnership, limited liability company, or corporation):
  (1)   was a resident, domiciliary or national of, or engaged in business or maintained a permanent establishment or was physically present in, the relevant taxing jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof or otherwise had some connection with the relevant taxing jurisdiction other than by reason of the mere ownership of, or receipt of payment under, such Note,
 
  (2)   presented such Note for payment in the relevant taxing jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof, unless such Note could not have been presented for payment elsewhere, or
 
  (3)   presented such Note for payment more than thirty (30) days after the date on which the payment in respect of such Note became due and payable or provided for, whichever is later, except to the extent that the Holder would have been entitled to such Additional Amounts if it had presented such Note for payment on any day within such period of thirty (30) days;
     (ii) any estate, inheritance, gift, sales, excise, transfer, wealth or personal property or similar tax, assessment or other governmental charge;
     (iii) any tax, assessment or other governmental charge that is imposed or withheld by reason of the failure by the Holder or the beneficial owner of such Note to comply with any reasonable request by the Company addressed to the Holder within ninety (90) days of such request:
  (1)   to provide information concerning the nationality, residence or identity of the Holder or such beneficial owner; or
 
  (2)   to make any declaration or other similar claim or satisfy any information or reporting requirement,
     which, in the case of (1) or (2), is required or imposed by statute, treaty, regulation or administrative practice of the relevant taxing jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof as a precondition to exemption from all or part of such tax, assessment or other governmental charge;
     (iv) any withholding or deduction required to be made pursuant to any EU Directive on the taxation of savings implementing the conclusions of the ECOFIN Council meetings of 26-27 November 2000, 3 June 2003 or any law implementing or complying with, or introduced in order to conform to, such EU Directive; or

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     (v) any combination of items (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv).
          The Company shall not pay Additional Amounts with respect to any payment of principal of, or premium, if any, interest or any other amounts on, any such Note to any Holder who is a fiduciary or partnership or other than the sole beneficial owner of such Note to the extent such payment would be required by the laws of the relevant taxing jurisdiction (or any political subdivision or relevant taxing authority thereof or therein) to be included in the income for tax purposes of a beneficiary or partner or settlor with respect to such fiduciary or a member of such partnership or a beneficial owner who would not have been entitled to such Additional Amounts had it been the Holder.
          Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal of or any premium, interest or any other amounts on, or in respect of, any Note or the net proceeds received on the sale or exchange of any Note, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts provided by the terms of such series established hereby or pursuant hereto to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to such terms, and express mention of the payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provision hereof shall not be construed as excluding the payment of Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where such express mention is not made.
     SECTION 10.9 Redemption for Tax Purposes .
          The Company may redeem the Notes at its option, in whole but not in part, at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount, together with accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Amounts, if any, to the date fixed for redemption, at any time the Company receives an opinion of counsel that as a result of (1) any change in or amendment to the laws or treaties (or any regulations or rulings promulgated under these laws or treaties) of Bermuda or any taxing jurisdiction (or of any political subdivision or taxation authority affecting taxation) or any change in the application or official interpretation of such laws, regulations or rulings, or (2) any action taken by a taxing authority of Bermuda or any taxing jurisdiction (or any political subdivision or taxing authority affecting taxation) which action is generally applied or is taken with respect to the Company, or (3) a decision rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction in Bermuda or any taxing jurisdiction (or any political subdivision) whether or not such decision was rendered with respect to the Company, there is a substantial probability that the Company will be required as of the next Interest Payment Date to pay Additional Amounts with respect to the Notes as provided in Section 10.8, and such requirements cannot be avoided by the use of reasonable measures (consistent with practices and interpretations generally followed or in effect at the time such measures could be taken) then available. If the Company elects to redeem the Notes under this provision, the Company will give written notice of such election to the Trustee and the Holders. If the Company elects to redeem the Notes under this Section 10.9 it will also mail a notice of redemption at least thirty (30) days but no more than sixty (60) days before the Redemption Date to each Holder. Unless the Company defaults in the payment of the Redemption Price, on and after the Redemption Date, interest will cease to accrue on the Notes. Any such redemption will be subject to Article 11 hereof.

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     SECTION 10.10 Limitation on Liens on Stock of Designated Subsidiaries .
          The Company shall not, and shall not permit any Subsidiary to, create, assume, incur, guarantee or otherwise permit to exist any Indebtedness secured by any mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest or other encumbrance (a “ Lien ”) upon any shares of Capital Stock of any Designated Subsidiary (whether such shares of stock are now owned or hereafter acquired) without effectively providing concurrently that the Notes (and, if the Company so elects, any other Indebtedness of the Company that is not subordinate to the Notes and with respect to which the governing instruments require, or pursuant to which the Company is otherwise obligated, to provide such security) shall be secured equally and ratably with, or prior to, such Indebtedness for at least the time period such other Indebtedness is so secured. This Section 10.10 shall not apply to Permitted Liens upon any shares of Capital Stock of any Person existing at the time such Person becomes a Designated Subsidiary and any extensions, renewals or replacements thereof.
     SECTION 10.11 Limitation on the Disposition of Stock of Designated Subsidiaries .
          (a) The Company shall not issue, sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of any             shares of, securities convertible into, or warrants, rights or options to subscribe for or purchase shares of, Capital Stock (other than Preferred Stock having no voting rights of any kind) of any Designated Subsidiary (other than to the Company or another Designated Subsidiary); and the Company shall not permit any Designated Subsidiary to issue (other than to the Company or another Designated Subsidiary) any shares (other than director’s qualifying shares) of, or securities convertible into, or warrants, rights or options to subscribe for or purchase shares of, Capital Stock (other than Preferred Stock having no voting rights of any kind) of any Designated Subsidiary, if, after giving effect to any such transaction and the issuance of the maximum number of shares issuable upon the conversion or exercise of all such convertible securities, warrants, rights or options, the Designated Subsidiary would remain a Subsidiary of the Company and the Company would own, directly or indirectly, less than 80% of the shares of Capital Stock of such Designated Subsidiary (other than Preferred Stock having no voting rights of any kind); provided, however, that (1) any issuance, sale, assignment, transfer or other disposition permitted by the Company may only be made for at least a fair market value consideration as determined by the Board of Directors pursuant to a Board Resolution adopted in good faith and (2) the foregoing shall not prohibit any such issuance or disposition of securities if required by any law or any regulation or order of any governmental or insurance regulatory authority.
          (b) Notwithstanding Section 10.11(a), (1) the Company may merge or consolidate any Designated Subsidiary into or with another direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, the shares of Capital Stock of which the Company owns at least 70%, and (2) the Company may, subject to the provisions of Article 8, sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of the entire Capital Stock of any Designated Subsidiary at one time for at least a fair market value consideration as determined by the Board of Directors pursuant to a Board Resolution adopted in good faith.

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          (b) For purposes only of the Notes and Sections 10.10 and 10.11 above, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
          “ Consolidated Net Worth ” in respect of any Person means the total of the amounts shown on the balance sheet of such Person and its consolidated Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter of such Person ending at least 45 days prior to the taking of any action for the purpose of which the determination is being made, as (i) the par or stated value of all outstanding Capital Stock of such Person plus (ii) paid-in capital or capital surplus relating to such Capital Stock plus (iii) any retained earnings or earned surplus, less any accumulated deficit.
          “ Designated Subsidiary ” means any present or future consolidated Subsidiary of the Company, the Consolidated Net Worth of which constitutes at least 10% of the Consolidated Net Worth of the Company.
          “ Lien ” has the meaning specified in Section 10.10.
          “ Permitted Liens ” means liens for taxes or assessments or governmental charges or levies not then due and delinquent or the validity of which is being contested in good faith or which are less than $1,000,000 in amount and liens created by or resulting from any litigation or legal proceeding which is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or which involves claims of less than $1,000,000.
ARTICLE EIGHT
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 8.1. Effect of First Supplemental Indenture .
  (1)   This First Supplemental Indenture is a supplemental indenture within the meaning of Section 9.1 of the Original Indenture, and the Original Indenture shall be read together with this First Supplemental Indenture and shall have the same effect over the Notes, in the same manner as if the provisions of the Original Indenture and this First Supplemental Indenture were contained in the same instrument.
 
  (2)   In all other respects, the Original Indenture is confirmed by the parties hereto as supplemented by the terms of this First Supplemental Indenture.
SECTION 8.2. Effect of Headings .
          The Article and Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
SECTION 8.3. Successors and Assigns .
          All covenants and agreements in this First Supplemental Indenture by the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall bind their successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

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SECTION 8.4. Severability Clause .
          In case any provision in this First Supplemental Indenture or in the Notes shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
SECTION 8.5. Benefits of First Supplemental Indenture .
          Nothing in this First Supplemental Indenture or in the Notes, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this First Supplemental Indenture.
SECTION 8.6. Conflict .
          In the event that there is a conflict or inconsistency between the Original Indenture and this First Supplemental Indenture, the provisions of this First Supplemental Indenture shall control; provided, however, if any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision herein or in the Original Indenture, in either case, which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by any of the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, such required or deemed provision shall control.
SECTION 8.7. Governing Law .
          THIS FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE AND THE NOTES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE OR ENTERED INTO AND, IN EACH CASE, PERFORMED, IN SAID STATE.
SECTION 8.8. Trustee .
          The Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this First Supplemental Indenture or for or in respect of the recitals contained herein, all of which are made solely by the Company.
          This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
[Signature page to follow]

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          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this First Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed on the date and year first written above.
         
  VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
 
 
  By:   /s/ Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino    
    Name:   Joseph E. (Jeff) Consolino   
    Title:   Executive Vice President &
Chief Financial Officer 
 
 
  THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON,
as Trustee
 
 
  By:   /s/ Francine Kincaid    
    Name:   Francine Kincaid   
    Title:   Vice President   
 

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EXHIBIT I
UNLESS AND UNTIL IT IS EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR THE INDIVIDUAL SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY, THIS GLOBAL SECURITY MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE (I) BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR (II) BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR THE DEPOSITARY TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY. UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY (55 WATER STREET, NEW YORK, NEW YORK) TO THE ISSUER OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER NAME AS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO., ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL SINCE THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.
VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
8.875% SENIOR NOTE DUE 2040
   
No. 1 $250,000,000
CUSIP No. 91915W AB8
          VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD., a company duly organized and existing under the laws of Bermuda, for value received, promises to pay to                                           , or registered assigns, the principal sum of                                           United States Dollars (US$                      ) on January 26, 2040.
          Interest Payment Dates: January 26 and July 26.
          Regular Record Dates: January 15 and July 15.
          Additional provisions of this Note are set forth on the other side of this Note.

 


 

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed.
         
  VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
 
 
  By:      
    Name:      
    Title:      
 
         
Attest:

VALIDUS HOLDINGS, LTD.
 
   
By:        
  Name:        
  Title:        
 
TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION
          This is one of the Notes of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.
Dated:
         
  THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON
as Trustee
 
 
  By:      
    Authorized Officer   

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(Reverse of Note)
8.875% Senior Note due 2040
1. Interest
          Validus Holdings, Ltd., a company duly organized and existing under the laws of Bermuda (such corporation, and its successors and assigns under the Indenture hereinafter referred to, being herein called the “ Company ”), for value received, promises to pay interest on the principal amount of this Note (the “ Note ”) at the rate of 8.875% per annum. The Company shall pay interest semi-annually on January 26 and July 26 of each year, commencing July 26, 2010. Interest on the Note shall accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for or, if no interest has been paid or duly provided for, from January 26, 2010 until the principal hereof is due. Interest shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months. The Company shall pay interest on overdue principal at the rate borne by the Note, and it shall pay interest on overdue installments of interest at the same rate to the extent lawful.
2. Method of Payment
          The Company shall pay interest on the Note (except defaulted interest, which shall be paid pursuant to Section 3.7 of the Original Indenture) to the Persons who are registered Holders at the close of business on the January 15 or July 15 next preceding the Interest Payment Date even if Notes are canceled after the record date and on or before the Interest Payment Date. The Company shall pay principal, premium, if any, interest, and any Additional Amounts, in money of the United States of America that at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts. Payment of principal (and premium, if any), interest, and any Additional Amounts, in respect of Notes represented by a Global Security will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the accounts specified by the Depositary. Payments of principal (and premium, if any), interest, and Additional Amounts, in respect of a certificated Note may be made, at the option of the Company, either by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the accounts specified by registered Holders as of the relevant record dates or (subject to collection) by check mailed to the address of the registered Holders as of the relevant record dates or at the specified offices of any Paying Agent. Payment of principal in respect of a certificated Note will only be made against presentation and, provided that payment is made in full, surrender of the appropriate certificate at the specified offices of any Paying Agent.
3. Paying Agent and Registrar
          Initially, The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York banking corporation (the “ Trustee ”), will act as Paying Agent and Registrar with respect to the Notes. The Company may appoint and change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice. The Company may act as Paying Agent or Registrar.
4. Indenture
          The Company issued the Notes under an Indenture, dated as of January 26, 2010, between the Company and the Trustee (the “ Original Indenture ”), as supplemented by a First

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Supplemental Indenture, dated January 26, 2010, between the Company and the Trustee, which collectively constitutes the indenture governing the Securities (the “ Indenture ”). The terms of the Notes include those stated in the Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (15 U.S.C. Sections 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of the Indenture (the “ TIA ”). The Notes include all terms and provisions of the Indenture, and Holders are referred to the Indenture and the TIA for a statement of such terms and provisions. This security is one of a series of securities designated as the 8.875% Senior Notes due 2040 of the Company (the “ Notes ”). Capitalized terms used herein have the same meanings given in the Indenture unless otherwise indicated.
          The aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes which may be authenticated and delivered under the indenture shall be unlimited. In addition, the aggregate principal amount of Securities of any class or series which may be authenticated and delivered under the Indenture shall be unlimited, provided that such Securities shall rank equally with the Notes.
5. Certain Covenants
          The Indenture imposes certain limitations on the ability of each of the Company and the Designated Subsidiaries to, among other things, create or incur Liens and to sell or otherwise dispose of Designated Subsidiaries. The Indenture also imposes limitations on the ability of the Company to consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into any other Person or convey, transfer, sell or lease its property or assets substantially as an entirety to any Person.
6. Optional Redemption
          The Notes will be redeemable, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at the Company’s option, at a Redemption Price equal to accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount being redeemed to the Redemption Date plus the greater of: (A) 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed and (B) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the Notes to be redeemed (not including any portion of such payments of interest accrued to the date of redemption) discounted to the date of redemption on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate, plus 50 basis points. Interest on the Notes for which the Redemption Date is after a Regular Record Date and before the following Interest Payment Date, shall be payable to the Holder of such Notes at the close of business on the Regular Record Date.
          As used in this Section 6, the following terms shall have the respective meanings set forth below:
          “ Treasury Rate ” means, for any Redemption Date, the rate per year equal to the semi-annual equivalent yield to maturity of the Comparable Treasury Issue, assuming a price for the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed as a percentage of its principal amount) equal to the Comparable Treasury Price for the Redemption Date. The Treasury Rate shall be calculated on the Third Business Day preceding the Redemption Date for the Notes being redeemed.
          “ Comparable Treasury Issue ” means the United States Treasury security selected as having a maturity comparable to the remaining term of the Notes being redeemed that would

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be utilized, at the time of selection and in accordance with customary financial practice, in pricing new issues of corporate notes of comparable maturity to the remaining term of such Notes.
          “ Comparable Treasury Price ” means, with respect to any Redemption Date, (A) the average of the Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations for the Redemption Date, after excluding the highest and lowest Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations for that Redemption Date, or (B) if the Trustee is provided with fewer than four Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations, the average of all Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations obtained.
          “ Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations ” means, with respect to each Reference Treasury Dealer and any Redemption Date, the average, as determined by the Trustee, of the bid and asked prices for the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed in each case as a percentage of its principal amount) quoted in writing to the Trustee by the Reference Treasury Dealer at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the third Business Day preceding the Redemption Date for the Notes being redeemed.
          “ Reference Treasury Dealers ” means (1) each of Goldman, Sachs & Co., J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. or Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and, in each case, their respective successors and (2) any other primary Treasury dealer the Company selects. If any of the foregoing ceases to be a primary U.S. government securities dealer in New York City, the Company must substitute another primary Treasury dealer.
          The provisions of Article 11 of the Original Indenture shall apply in the case of a redemption pursuant to this Section 6.
7. Sinking Fund
          The Notes will not be entitled to the benefit of any mandatory redemption or sinking fund.
8. Notice of Redemption
          Notice of redemption will be mailed by first-class mail, postage prepaid, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the Redemption Date to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed at such Holder’s registered address. Notes in denominations larger than $2,000 may be redeemed in part but only in whole multiples of $1,000. If money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of and accrued and unpaid interest, including premium, if any, on all Securities (or portions thereof) to be redeemed on the Redemption Date is deposited with the Paying Agent on or before the Redemption Date and certain other conditions are satisfied, on and after such date interest ceases to accrue on such Securities (or such portions thereof) called for redemption.
9. Redemption for Tax Purposes
          The Indenture contains provisions for redemption of the Notes for tax purposes in whole but not in part at the option of the Company.

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10. Denominations: Transfer, Exchange
          The Notes are in fully registered form without coupons in denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. A Holder may transfer or exchange Notes in accordance with the Indenture. Upon any transfer or exchange, the Registrar and the Trustee may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements or transfer documents. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company or the Trustee may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection therewith permitted by the Indenture.
11. Persons Deemed Owners
          The registered Holder of this Note may be treated as the owner of it for all purposes.
12. Discharge and Defeasance
          Subject to certain conditions and limitations set forth in the Indenture, the Company may terminate some of or all its obligations under the Notes and the Indenture if the Company deposits with the Trustee money or U.S. Government Obligations for the payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest, on, the Notes to redemption or maturity, as the case may be.
13. Modification and Waiver
          The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the Company and the rights of the Holders under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of Notes at the time outstanding of each series which is affected by such amendment or modification voting as one class, except that certain amendments specified in the Indenture may be made without approval of Holders of the Notes. The Indenture also contains provisions permitting the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series to waive on behalf of the Holders of such series of Securities compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Note shall be binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Note and any Note issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Note.
14. Defaults and Remedies
          If an Event of Default, other than an Event of Default described in Section 5.1(6) or 5.1(7) of the Original Indenture, with respect to the Notes shall have occurred and be continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by the Holders of the Notes), will be entitled to declare all unpaid principal of and accrued interest on the Notes then Outstanding to be due and payable immediately. In the case of an Event of Default described in Section 5.1(6) or 5.1(7) of the Original Indenture, all unpaid principal of and accrued

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interest on all Notes then outstanding shall be due and payable immediately without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the Holders of any Notes. Such declaration of acceleration may be annulled and past defaults (except, unless theretofore cured, a default in payment of principal of, premium, if any, interest on the Notes) may be waived by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding upon the conditions provided in the Indenture.
15. Trustee Dealings with the Company
          Subject to certain limitations imposed by the TIA, the Trustee under the Indenture, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Notes and may otherwise deal with and collect obligations owed to it by the Company or its Affiliates and, subject to the Indenture, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee.
16. No Recourse Against Others
          No incorporator, shareholder, officer or director, as such, of the Company shall have any liability for any obligations, covenants or agreements of the Company under the Notes or the Indenture or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof. By accepting a Note, each Holder expressly waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are a condition of, and part of the consideration for, the execution of the Indenture and the issuance of the Notes.
17. Authentication
          This Note shall not be valid until an authorized signatory of the Trustee manually signs the certificate of authentication on the other side of this Note.
18. Abbreviations
          Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder or an assignee, such as TEN COM (=tenants in common), TEN ENT (=tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (=joint tenants with rights of survivorship and not as tenants in common), COST (=custodian), and U/G/M/A (=Uniform Gifts to Minors Act).
19. Governing Law
          THE INDENTURE AND THIS NOTE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE OR ENTERED INTO AND, IN EACH CASE, PERFORMED, IN SAID STATE.
20. CUSIP Number
          Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures, the Company has caused the CUSIP number to be printed on this Note and has directed the Trustee to use the CUSIP number in notices of redemption as a con-

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venience to Holders. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such number either as printed on this Note or as contained in any notice of redemption and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers placed thereon.
          The Company will furnish to any Holder of Notes upon written request and without charge to the Holder a copy of the Indenture and a copy of this Note.

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ASSIGNMENT FORM
To assign this Note, fill in the form below:
I or we assign and transfer this Security to
 
(Print or type assignee’s name, address and zip code)
 
(Insert assignee’s soc. sec. or tax I.D. No.)
and irrevocably appoint                      agent to transfer this Note on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him.
 
     
Date:                     
  Your Signature:                                          
 
Sign exactly as your name appears on the other side of this Note.

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SCHEDULE OF INCREASES OR DECREASES IN GLOBAL SECURITY
          The initial principal amount of this Global Security is $                                           . The following increases or decreases in this Global Security have been made:
                 
        Amount of increase   Principal Amount   Signature of
    Amount of decrease in   in Principal Amount   of this Global Security   authorized signatory
Date of   Principal Amount of   of this Global   following such   of Trustee or
Exchange   this Global Security   Security   decrease or increase   Securities Custodian
                 

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Exhibit 5.1
     
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
29 Richmond Road
Pembroke HM 08
Bermuda
  e-mail:
erobinson@applebyglobal.com

direct dial:
Tel
441 298 3268
Fax 441 298 3374

your ref:

appleby ref:
ERM/cc/132329.9

26 January 2010
Dear Sirs
Validus Holdings, Ltd (the “Company”)
We have acted as special legal counsel in Bermuda to the Company and this opinion as to Bermuda law is addressed to you in connection with the filing by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) of the Prospectus Supplement (defined in the Schedule to this opinion), pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined in the Schedule to this opinion) in relation to the issuance of an aggregate principal amount of US$250,000,000 8.875% Senior Notes due 2040 (the “Notes”) by the Company.
For the purposes of this opinion we have examined and relied upon the documents listed, and in some cases defined, in the Schedule to this opinion (the “Documents”).
Assumptions
In stating our opinion we have assumed:
(a)   the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of all Documents examined by us, submitted to us as originals and the conformity to authentic original documents of all Documents submitted to us as certified, conformed, notarised, faxed or photostatic copies;

 


 

Validus Holdings, Ltd.
26 January 2010
(b)   that each of the Documents which was received by electronic means is complete, intact and in conformity with the transmission as sent;
 
(c)   the genuineness of all signatures on the Documents;
 
(d)   that the records which were the subject of the Company Search were complete and accurate at the time of such search and disclosed all information which is material for the purposes of this opinion and such information has not since the date of the Company Search been materially altered;
 
(e)   that the records which were the subject of the Litigation Search were complete and accurate at the time of such search and disclosed all information which is material for the purposes of this opinion and such information has not since the date of the Litigation Search been materially altered; and
 
(f)   that the Resolutions are in full force and effect, have not been rescinded, either in whole or in part, and accurately record the resolutions passed by the Board of Directors of the Company in a meeting which was duly convened and at which a duly constituted quorum was present and voting throughout and that there is no matter affecting the authority of the Directors of the Company to issue or reserve the Notes for issue, not disclosed by the Company’s Constitutional Documents or by Bermuda law or the Resolutions, which would have any adverse implication in relation to the opinions expressed herein.
Opinion
Based upon and subject to the foregoing and subject to the reservations set out below and to any matters not disclosed to us, we are of the opinion that:
(1)   The Company is an exempted company incorporated with limited liability and existing under the laws of Bermuda. The Company possesses the capacity to sue and be sued in its own name and is in good standing under the laws of Bermuda.
 
(2)   When issued pursuant to the Resolutions and the Prospectus Supplement and delivered against payment therefor in the circumstances referred to or

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Validus Holdings, Ltd.
26 January 2010
    summarised in the Prospectus Supplement and the Registration Statement, the Notes will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with the terms thereof.
Reservations
We have the following reservations:
(a)   We express no opinion as to any law other than Bermuda law and none of the opinions expressed herein relates to compliance with or matters governed by the laws of any jurisdiction except Bermuda. This opinion is limited to Bermuda law as applied by the Courts of Bermuda at the date hereof.
 
(b)   Searches of the Register of Companies at the office of the Registrar of Companies and of the Supreme Court Causes Book at the Registry of the Supreme Court are not conclusive and it should be noted that the Register of Companies and the Supreme Court Causes Book do not reveal:
  (i)   details of matters which have been lodged for filing or registration which as a matter of best practice of the Registrar of Companies or the Registry of the Supreme Court would have or should have been disclosed on the public file, the Causes Book or the Judgment Book, as the case may be, but for whatever reason have not actually been filed or registered or are not disclosed or which, notwithstanding filing or registration, at the date and time the search is concluded are for whatever reason not disclosed or do not appear on the public file, the Causes Book or Judgment Book;
 
  (ii)   details of matters which should have been lodged for filing or registration at the Registrar of Companies or the Registry of the Supreme Court but have not been lodged for filing or registration at the date the search is concluded;
 
  (iii)   whether an application to the Supreme Court for a winding-up petition or for the appointment of a receiver or manager has been prepared but

Page 3


 

Validus Holdings, Ltd.
26 January 2010
      not yet been presented or has been presented but does not appear in the Causes Book at the date and time the search is concluded;
 
  (iv)   whether any arbitration or administrative proceedings are pending or whether any proceedings are threatened, or whether any arbitrator has been appointed; or
 
  (v)   whether a receiver or manager has been appointed privately pursuant to the provisions of a debenture or other security, unless notice of the fact has been entered in the Register of Charges in accordance with the provisions of the Act.
(c)   In order to issue this opinion we have carried out the Company Search as referred to in the Schedule to this opinion and have not enquired as to whether there has been any change since the date of such search.
 
(d)   In order to issue this opinion we have carried out the Litigation Search as referred to in the Schedule to this opinion and have not enquired as to whether there has been any change since the date of such search.
 
(e)   In paragraph (1) above, the term “good standing” means that the Company has received a Certificate of Compliance from the Registrar of Companies.
Disclosure
This opinion is addressed to you in connection with the filing of the Prospectus Supplement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. We hereby consent to the inclusion of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statetment and to the references to Appleby’s name in the Prospectus Supplement forming part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under section 7 of the Securities Act.
Further, this opinion speaks as of its date and is strictly limited to the maters stated herein and we assume no obligation to review or update this opinion if applicable law or the existing facts or circumstances should change.

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Validus Holdings, Ltd.
26 January 2010
This opinion is governed by and is to be construed in accordance with Bermuda law. It is given on the basis that it will not give rise to any legal proceedings with respect thereto in any jurisdiction other than Bermuda.
         
Yours faithfully
 
   
/s/ Appleby      
     
Appleby

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Validus Holdings, Ltd.
26 January 2010
SCHEDULE
1.   The entries and filings shown in respect of the Company on the files of the Company maintained in the Register of Companies at the office of the Registrar of Companies in Hamilton, Bermuda, as revealed by a search conducted on 19 January 2010 (the “Company Search”).
 
2.   The entries and filings shown in respect of the Company in the Supreme Court Causes Book maintained at the Registry of the Supreme Court in Hamilton, Bermuda, as revealed by a search conducted on 19 January 2010 in respect of the Company (the “Litigation Search”).
 
3.   Certified copies of the Certificate of Incorporation, Memorandum of Association, and Bye-laws of the Company adopted 24 July 2007 (collectively referred to as the “Constitutional Documents”).
 
4.   A certified copy of the Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company held on 7 May 2008, certified copy of the Minutes of the Meeting of the Finance Committee of the Board of Directors held on 15 December 2009 and certified copy of the Minutes of the Meeting of the Finance Committee of the Board of Directors held on 14 January 2010 (the “Resolutions”).
 
5.   A Certificate of Compliance dated 18 January 2010 issued by the Registrar of Companies in respect of the Company.
 
6.   Copy of the Registration Statement as Form S-3 (File No. 333-152856) filed with the SEC and dated 7 August 2008 (the “Registration Statement”).
 
7.   Copy of the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement filed with the SEC and dated 20 January 2010 (the “Prospectus Supplement”).

Page 6

Exhibit 5.2
     January 26, 2010
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
29 Richmond Road
Pembroke, HM 08
Bermuda
Ladies and Gentlemen:
          We have acted as special United States counsel to Validus Holdings, Ltd., a Bermuda exempted company (the “Company”), in connection with the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for the registration of $250,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 8.875% Senior Notes due 2040 (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes issued under an Indenture (the “Base Indenture”) that is dated as of January 26, 2010, between the Issuer and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture (the “Supplemental Indenture”) that is dated as of January 26, 2010, between the Issuer and the Trustee. The Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Supplemental Indenture, is hereinafter referred to as collectively as the “Indenture.”
          In rendering the opinions set forth herein, we have examined originals, photocopies or conformed copies certified to our satisfaction of corporate records, agreements, instruments and documents of the Company, certificates of public officials and other certificates and opinions and have made such other investigations as we have deemed necessary in connection with the opinions set forth herein. In our examination, we have assumed (a) the due organization and valid existence of the Company, (b) the due authorization, execution, authentication and delivery by all persons of the Indenture, the Senior Notes and each of the documents related thereto, (c) that each of such parties has the legal power to act in the respective capacity or capacities in which he, she or it is to act thereunder, (d) the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, (e) the conformity to the original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies and (f) the genuineness of all signatures on the Registration Statement and all documents submitted to us.


 

-2-

          Based upon and subject to the foregoing, we advise you that in our opinion insofar as the laws of the State of New York are applicable thereto,
1. The Senior Notes constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company entitled to the benefits of the Indenture and enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except that the enforceability thereof may be subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting creditors’ rights or remedies generally and (ii) general principles of equity and to the discretion of the court before which any proceedings therefor may be brought (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity) (collectively, the “Enforceability Limitations”).
2. The Indenture constitutes a valid and legally binding agreement of the Issuer, enforceable against the Issuer in accordance with its terms, subject to the Enforceability Limitations.
          In giving our opinion, we are relying, without independent verification (A) as to all matters of fact, upon certificates and written statements of officers of the Company and (B) as to all matters of Bermuda law, on the opinion of Appleby, dated of even date herewith and filed as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement.
          We are members of the Bar of the State of New York and do not purport to be experts in or to express any opinion concerning the laws of any jurisdictions other than the laws of the State of New York and the federal laws of the United States of America. In rendering the opinion set forth above, we express no opinion as to the laws of any jurisdictions other than the laws of the State of New York and the federal laws of the United States. Accordingly, our opinions expressed above are not intended as opinions under the laws of the jurisdictions of organization of the Company and is intended to cover only the nature of the Indenture and the Senior Notes as contracts and obligations created under and governed by the laws of the State of New York.
          We hereby consent to the reference to our firm in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus Supplement under the caption “Legal Matters” and to the inclusion of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. Our consent to such reference does not constitute a consent under Section 7 of the Securities Act, as in consenting to such reference we have not certified any part of the Registration Statement and do not otherwise come within the categories of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or under the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
         
  Very truly yours,
 
 
  /s/ Cahill Gordon & Reindel llp    
 

 

Exhibit 15.1
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Hamilton, Bermuda
With respect to Form S-3ASR registration statement (No. 333-152856) filed by Validus Holdings, Ltd. we acknowledge the incorporation by reference of our reports dated May 8, 2009 and August 7, 2009 related to our reviews of interim financial information.
Pursuant to Rule 436 under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Act), such report is not considered part of a registration statement prepared or certified by an independent registered public accounting firm, or a report prepared or certified by an independent registered public accounting finn within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of the Act.
(signed) KPMG
Chartered Accountants
Hamilton, Bermuda
January 21, 2010

 

Exhibit 23.3
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Validus Holdings, Ltd.
Hamilton, Bermuda
     We consent to the use of our audit reports dated February 27, 2009, with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of IPC Holdings, Ltd. as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2008, and all related financial statement schedules, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, incorporated by reference in this registration statement (No. 333-152856) on Form S-3ASR of Validus Holdings, Ltd. and to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the prospectus.
(signed) KPMG
Chartered Accountants
Hamilton, Bermuda
January 21, 2010