File Nos. 002-98772
811-04347
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
ON JULY 30, 2010
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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Pre-Effective Amendment No. ___
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Post-Effective Amendment No. 143
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
GMO TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Address of principal executive offices)
617-330-7500
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
with a copy to:
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J.B. Kittredge, Esq.
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Thomas R. Hiller, Esq.
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GMO Trust
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Ropes & Gray LLP
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40 Rowes Wharf
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One International Place
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Boston, Massachusetts 02110
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Boston, Massachusetts 02110
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(Name and address of agents for service)
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
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Immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b), or
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þ
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On August 2, 2010, pursuant to paragraph (b), or
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60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1), or
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On
, pursuant to paragraph (a)(1), or
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75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.
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This filing relates solely to GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund. No information
contained herein is intended to amend or supersede any prior filing relating to any other series of
the Registrant.
GMO Trust
Prospectus
August 2, 2010
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GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund
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Class II:
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Class III:
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Class IV:
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Class V:
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Class VI:
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n
Information about other funds
offered by GMO Trust is contained in
separate prospectuses.
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n
Shares of the Fund described in this
Prospectus may not be available for
purchase in all states. This
Prospectus does not offer shares in
any state where they may not lawfully
be offered.
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Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or
passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page
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1
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7
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8
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16
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18
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21
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21
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22
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24
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27
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28
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30
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34
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35
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back cover
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back cover
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back cover
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i
GMO EMERGING DOMESTIC OPPORTUNITIES FUND
FUND SUMMARY
Investment Objective
Total return.
Fees and Expenses
The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay for each class of shares if
you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
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Class II
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Class III
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Class IV
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Class V
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Class VI
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Purchase premium
(as a percentage of
amount invested)
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0.80
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%
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0.80
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%
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0.80
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%
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0.80
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%
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0.80
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Redemption fee (as
a percentage of
amount redeemed)
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0.80
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%
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0.80
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%
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0.80
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%
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0.80
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%
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0.80
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%
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
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Class II
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Class III
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Class IV
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Class V
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Class VI
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Management fee
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0.75
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%
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0.75
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%
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0.75
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%
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0.75
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%
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0.75
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Shareholder service fee
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0.22
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%
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0.15
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%
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0.105
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%
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0.085
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%
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0.055
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%
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Other expenses
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1.30
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%
1
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1.30
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%
1
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1.30
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%
1
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1.30
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%
1
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1.30
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%
1
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Total annual fund operating expenses
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2.27
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%
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2.20
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%
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2.16
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%
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2.14
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%
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2.11
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Expense reimbursement
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1.20
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2
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1.20
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%
2
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1.20
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2
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1.20
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%
2
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1.20
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%
2
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Total annual operating expenses
after expense reimbursement
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1.07
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1.00
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0.96
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0.94
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0.91
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The amounts represent an annualized estimate of the Funds operating expenses for
its initial fiscal year.
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2
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Subject to specifically identified exclusions (Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses),
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO) has contractually agreed to
reimburse the Fund to the extent the Funds total annual operating expenses exceed 0.75% of the
Funds average daily net assets. Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses include shareholder service fees,
expenses incurred indirectly by investment in underlying funds, all or a portion of the Funds
custodial fee (up to 0.10% per annum), investment-related costs, and other expenses described under
Expense Reimbursement in this Prospectus. This expense limitation will continue through at least
August 2, 2011, and may not be terminated prior to this date without consent by the Funds Board of
Trustees.
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-1-
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost
of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the
time periods indicated, regardless of whether or not you redeem your shares at the end of such
periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the
Funds operating expenses remain the same as those shown in the table. Although your actual costs
may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
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If you sell your shares
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If you do not sell your shares
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1 Year*
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3 Years
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1 Year*
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3 Years
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Class II
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$
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271
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756
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$
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188
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$
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669
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Class III
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$
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264
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$
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735
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$
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181
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$
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648
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Class IV
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$
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260
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$
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723
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$
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177
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$
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636
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Class V
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$
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258
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$
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717
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$
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175
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$
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630
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Class VI
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$
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255
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$
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708
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$
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172
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$
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621
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Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs when it buys and sells securities. A higher portfolio turnover
rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held
in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in
the Example, affect the Funds performance. Because the Fund commenced operations on or following
the date of this Prospectus, the Funds portfolio turnover rate is not available.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund typically makes equity investments directly and indirectly (e.g., through underlying
funds or derivatives) in companies whose prospects are linked to the internal (domestic)
development and growth of the worlds non-developed markets (emerging markets), including
companies that provide goods and services to emerging market consumers. Emerging markets include
all markets that are not considered to be developed markets by the MSCI World Index or MSCI EAFE
Index.
The term equity investments refers to direct and indirect investments in common stocks and
other stock-related securities, such as preferred stocks, convertible securities, and depositary
receipts. Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests directly and indirectly at least 80% of its
assets in investments related to emerging markets (see Name Policy). The Funds investments are
not limited to investments in companies located in any particular country or geographic region, and
may include investments in companies located in developed markets (e.g., the U.S.) that are related
to, or whose prospects are linked to, emerging markets. The Fund does not seek to control risk
relative to the MSCI Emerging Markets Index or any other securities index.
The Manager uses proprietary quantitative models and fundamental analysis to evaluate
countries, sectors, and equity investments and makes investment decisions based on its assessment
of which investments are most likely to benefit from domestic growth in emerging markets. The
models used by the Manager may change over time.
-2-
In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund may (but is not obligated to) use a wide
variety of exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives (including options, futures,
warrants, swap contracts, and reverse repurchase agreements) and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) (i)
as a substitute for direct investment; (ii) in an attempt to reduce investment exposures (which may
result in a reduction below zero); (iii) to effect transactions intended as substitutes for
securities lending; and/or (iv) in an attempt to adjust elements of its investment and/or foreign
currency exposure. The Funds foreign currency exposure may differ from the currency exposure
represented by its equity investments. In addition, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities.
The Fund may invest in unaffiliated money market funds. Additionally, the Fund may (but is not
required to) invest in GMO U.S. Treasury Fund.
Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund
The value of the Funds shares changes with the value of the Funds investments. Many factors
can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. The Fund is a
non-diversified investment company
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940
Act), and therefore a decline in the market value of a particular security held by the Fund may
affect the Funds performance more than if the Fund were diversified. The principal risks of
investing in the Fund are summarized below. For a more complete discussion of these risks, see
Description of Principal Risks.
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Market Risk Equity Securities
The market value of equity investments may decline due
to factors affecting the issuing companies, their industries, or the economy and equity
markets generally. Because the Fund normally does not take temporary defensive positions,
declines in stock market prices generally are likely to reduce the market value of the Funds
investments.
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Foreign Investment Risk
The market prices of many foreign securities may fluctuate more
than those of U.S. securities. Foreign markets often are less stable, smaller, less liquid and
less regulated than U.S. markets, and the cost of trading in those markets often is higher
than in U.S. markets. In addition, the Fund may be subject to foreign taxes on capital gains
or other income payable on foreign securities, on transactions in those securities or
otherwise on the repatriation of proceeds generated from those securities. Also, there are
risks associated with any license that the Fund needs to maintain to invest in some foreign
markets. In some foreign markets, prevailing custody and trade settlement practices (e.g., the
requirement to pay for securities prior to receipt) may expose the Fund to credit and other
risks with respect to participating brokers, custodians, clearing banks or other clearing
agents, escrow agents and issuers. Further, adverse changes in investment regulations, capital
requirements, or exchange controls could adversely affect the value of the Funds investments.
These and other risks (e.g., nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation of assets
of foreign issuers to which the Fund is exposed) are greater for the Funds investments
related to emerging markets, the economies of which tend to be more volatile than the
economies of developed markets.
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Currency Risk
Risk that fluctuations in exchange rates will adversely affect the value
of the Funds foreign currency holdings and investments denominated in foreign currencies.
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Liquidity Risk
Low trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large position or legal
restrictions may limit or prevent the Fund from selling particular securities or closing
derivative positions at desirable prices. Holding less liquid securities increases the
likelihood that the Fund will honor a redemption request in-kind. These risks are particularly
pronounced for the Fund because it typically makes equity investments in companies that are
related to, or whose prospects are linked to, emerging markets and may make investments in
companies with smaller market capitalizations.
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-3-
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Focused Investment Risk
Focusing investments in countries, regions, sectors or companies
with high positive correlations to one another creates additional risk. This risk is
particularly pronounced for the Fund because it typically makes equity investments in
companies whose prospects are linked to the internal development and growth of emerging
markets.
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Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk
Geopolitical events may disrupt securities
markets and adversely affect global economies and markets. Those events as well as other
changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions could adversely affect the
value of the Funds investments.
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Smaller Company Risk
The securities of small- and mid-cap companies often are less
widely held and trade less frequently and in lesser quantities, and their market prices often
fluctuate more, than the securities of companies with larger market capitalizations.
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Management and Operational Risk
The Fund runs the risk that the Managers strategies and
techniques will fail to produce the desired results and that deficiencies in the Managers or
a service providers internal systems or controls will cause losses for the Fund or hinder
Fund operations. In addition, while each GMO Fund is exposed to some level of management risk,
this risk is particularly pronounced for this Fund because it does not seek to control risk
relative to a particular securities market index or benchmark.
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Other principal risks of an investment in the Fund include
Credit and Counterparty Risk
(risk
of default of a derivatives counterparty or a borrower of the Funds securities);
Market Risk
Value Securities
(risk that the price of the Funds investments will not increase to what the
Manager believes to be their fundamental value or that the Manager has overestimated their
fundamental value);
Derivatives Risk
(the value of derivatives may not correlate with the value of
the relevant underlying assets, rates or indices; derivatives also present other Fund risks,
including market risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, and credit and counterparty risk);
Fund of
Funds Risk
(risk that the underlying funds (including ETFs) in which the Fund invests will not
perform as expected or that the Fund will incur additional expenses as a result of such
investments);
Leveraging Risk
(increased risk of loss from use of reverse repurchase agreements and
other derivatives and securities lending); and
Large Shareholder Risk
(risk that shareholders of
the Fund, such as institutional investors, asset allocation funds, or other GMO Funds, will disrupt
the Funds operations by purchasing or redeeming Fund shares in large amounts and/or on a frequent
basis).
Performance
Because the Fund had not yet completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of
this Prospectus, performance information for the Fund is not included.
-4-
Management of the Fund
Investment Adviser: Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
Investment Division and Senior Members of GMO responsible for day-to-day management of the
Fund:
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Senior Members
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Investment Divisions
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(Length of Service)
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Title
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Emerging Markets
(overall investment
management and
strategic
direction)
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Arjun Divecha (since 1993)
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Director, Emerging
Markets Division,
GMO.
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Emerging Markets
(overall investment
management and
strategic
direction)
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Amit Bhartia (since 1995)
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Member, Emerging
Markets Division,
GMO.
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Quantitative Equity
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Thomas Hancock (since 1998)
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Co-Director,
Quantitative Equity
Division, GMO.
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Quantitative Equity
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Sam Wilderman (since 2005)
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Co-Director,
Quantitative Equity
Division, GMO.
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Quantitative Equity
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Mark Ingham (since 2000)
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Member,
Quantitative Equity
Division, GMO.
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Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares directly from GMO Trust (the
Trust) when the NYSE is open for business. In addition, certain brokers and agents are authorized
to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Funds behalf.
Eligibility to purchase Fund shares or different classes of Fund shares depends on the
clients meeting either (i) the minimum Total Fund Investment, which includes only a clients
total investment in the Fund, or (ii) the minimum Total GMO Investment, both set forth in the
table below. No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of the
Fund.
Minimum Investment Criteria for Class Eligibility
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Minimum Total Fund Investment
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Minimum Total GMO Investment
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Class II Shares
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N/A
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$10 million
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Class III Shares
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$50 million
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N/A
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Class IV Shares
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$125 million
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$250 million
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Class V Shares
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$250 million
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$500 million
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Class VI Shares
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$300 million
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$750 million
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Fund shares are redeemable, and under ordinary circumstances you may redeem the Funds shares
when the NYSE is open for business. Redemption requests should be submitted directly to the Trust
unless the Fund shares to be redeemed were purchased through a broker or agent, in which case the
redemption request should be initiated through that broker or agent. For instructions on redeeming
shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646, send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com, or contact your broker or
agent.
-5-
Purchase order forms and redemption requests can be submitted by mail or facsimile (and with
respect to purchase order forms, by other form of communication pre-approved by GMO Shareholder
Services) to the Trust at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
Tax Information
The Fund normally distributes net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to
shareholders. These distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains,
unless you are an entity that is exempt from income tax or are investing through a tax-advantaged
account. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, you may be taxed upon withdrawal of
monies from that account.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer, agent or other financial
intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the
sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by
influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over
another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediarys website for more
information.
-6-
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RISKS,
AND EXPENSES
Fund Summary.
The preceding section contains a summary of the investment objective, fees and
expenses, principal investment strategies, principal risks, management, and other important
information for the Fund. The summary is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments,
employ strategies, and be exposed to risks that are not described in the summary. More information
about the Funds investments and strategies is contained in the Statement of Additional Information
(SAI). See the back cover of this Prospectus for information about how to receive the SAI.
Fundamental Investment Objectives/Policies.
The Board of Trustees (Trustees) of the Trust
may change the Funds investment objective or policies without shareholder approval or prior notice
unless an objective or policy is identified in this Prospectus or in the SAI as fundamental. The
Fund does not currently have any investment objectives that are fundamental. There is no guarantee
that the Fund will be able to achieve its investment objective.
Tax Consequences and Portfolio Turnover.
Unless otherwise specified in this Prospectus or in
the SAI, GMO is not obligated to, and generally will not, consider tax consequences when seeking to
achieve the Funds investment objective (e.g., the Fund may engage in transactions that are not tax
efficient for U.S. federal income or other federal, state, local, or non-U.S. tax purposes).
Portfolio turnover is not a principal consideration when GMO makes investment decisions for the
Fund. Based on its assessment of market conditions and purchase or redemption requests, GMO may
cause the Fund to trade more frequently at some times than at others. High turnover rates may
adversely affect the Funds performance by generating higher transaction costs. Additionally,
portfolio turnover may give rise to additional taxable income for shareholders, including through
the realization of capital gains or other types of income that are taxable to Fund shareholders
when distributed to them unless the shareholders themselves are exempt from taxation or otherwise
investing in the Fund through a tax-advantaged account. If portfolio turnover results in the
recognition of short-term capital gains, those gains typically are taxed to shareholders, when
distributed to them, at ordinary income tax rates. See Distributions and Taxes below for more
information about the tax consequences of these types of income.
Certain Definitions. When used in this Prospectus, the term invest includes both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct investments and
indirect investments. For example, the Fund may invest indirectly by investing in another Fund or
by investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments.
When used in this Prospectus, (i) the term
equity investments refers to investments (as defined above) in common stocks and other
stock-related securities, such as preferred stocks, convertible securities, and depositary receipts
and (ii) the term total return includes capital appreciation and income.
Investments in Unaffiliated Money Market Funds and GMO U.S. Treasury Fund.
The Fund may
invest in unaffiliated money market funds and may (but is not required to) invest in GMO U.S.
Treasury Fund (U.S. Treasury Fund), another GMO Fund described in Investment in Other GMO
Funds.
Fee and Expense Information.
The following paragraphs contain additional information about the
fee and expense information included in the Fund Summary.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses Other Expenses and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.
The
amount listed under Other expenses in the Annual Fund operating expenses table included in the
Fund Summary reflects an annualized estimate of direct expenses associated with an investment in
the Fund for the Funds initial fiscal year. The Fund may invest in certain other funds of the
Trust (each fund
-7-
of the
Trust, including the Fund, a GMO Fund, and collectively, the GMO Funds), ETFs, and certain
other pooled investment vehicles (underlying funds), and the indirect net expenses associated
with the Funds investment (if any) in underlying funds are reflected in Other expenses if those
expenses are less than 0.01% of the average net assets of the Fund. The indirect net expenses of
underlying funds are estimated to be less than 0.01% for the Funds initial fiscal year. These
amounts do not include expenses associated with investments in the securities of unaffiliated
issuers unless those issuers hold themselves out to be investment companies. Actual indirect
expenses will vary depending on the particular underlying funds in which the Fund invests.
Fee and Expense Example.
The expense example under Example included in the Fund Summary
assumes that all dividends and distributions are reinvested.
Temporary Defensive Positions.
The Fund normally does not take temporary defensive positions.
To the extent the Fund takes temporary defensive positions, it may not achieve its investment
objective.
DESCRIPTION OF PRINCIPAL RISKS
Investing in mutual funds involves many risks, and factors that may affect the Funds
portfolio as a whole, called principal risks, are summarized briefly in the Fund Summary and are
summarized in additional detail in this section. The risks of investing in the Fund depend on the
types of investments in its portfolio and the investment strategies the Manager employs on its
behalf. This section describes the nature of these principal risks and some related risks, but is
not intended to include every potential risk. The Fund could be subject to additional risks
because the types of investments it makes and market conditions may change over time. The SAI
includes more information about the Fund and its investments.
The Fund is exposed to all the risks to which the underlying funds in which it invests are
exposed. Therefore, unless otherwise noted, the principal risks summarized below include both
direct and indirect principal risks of the Fund, and, as indicated in the Fund Summary and in the
Additional Information About the Funds Investment Strategies, Risks, and Expenses section of
this Prospectus, references in this section to investments made by the Fund include those made both
directly by the Fund and indirectly by the Fund through other GMO Funds and other investment
companies.
The Fund, by itself, generally is not intended to provide a complete investment program.
Investment in the Fund is intended to serve as part of a diversified portfolio of investments. An
investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and, therefore, is not insured or guaranteed by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
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MARKET RISKEQUITY SECURITIES
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The Fund runs the risk that the market value of its equity investments will decline. The
market value of equity investments may decline for reasons that directly relate to the issuing
company, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuers
goods or services. It also may decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or
industries, such as a decline in demand, labor or raw material shortages, increased production
costs, regulation, or competitive industry conditions. In addition, it may decline due to general
market conditions that are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or
perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings,
changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally.
-8-
The Fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in equities and generally does not take
temporary defensive positions. As a result, declines in stock market prices generally are likely to
reduce the market value of the Funds investments.
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FOREIGN INVESTMENT RISK
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Because the Fund invests in foreign (non-U.S.) securities, it is subject to additional and
more varied risks. The securities markets of many foreign countries involve securities of only a
limited number of companies in a limited number of industries. As a result, the market prices of
those securities may fluctuate more than those of U.S. securities. In addition, issuers of foreign
securities often are not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Reporting,
accounting, custody, and auditing standards of foreign countries differ, in some cases
significantly, from U.S. standards. Foreign portfolio transactions generally involve higher
commission rates, transfer taxes, and custodial costs. The Fund may be subject to foreign taxation
on realized capital gains, dividends or interest payable on those securities, on transactions in
those securities, or otherwise on the repatriation of proceeds generated from those securities.
Transaction-based charges are generally calculated as a percentage of the transaction amount and
are paid upon the sale or transfer of portfolio securities subject to such taxes. In addition, some
jurisdictions may limit the Funds ability to profit from short term trading (as defined in the
relevant jurisdiction). Also, for investments in lesser developed countries, nationalization,
expropriation or confiscatory taxation of assets of issuers to which the Fund is exposed, adverse
changes in investment regulations, capital requirements or exchange controls (which may include
suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a country), political changes, and diplomatic
developments could adversely affect the value of the Funds investments. In some foreign markets,
custody arrangements for foreign securities may offer significantly fewer protections than custody
arrangements in U.S. markets, and prevailing custody and trade settlement practices (e.g., the
requirement to pay for securities prior to receipt) may expose the Fund to credit and other risks
with respect to participating brokers, custodians, clearing banks or other clearing agents, escrow
agents and issuers.
U.S. investors are required to maintain a license to invest directly in many foreign markets,
and there are risks associated with any license that the Fund needs to maintain. These licenses are
often subject to limitations, including maximum investment amounts. Once a license is obtained, the
Funds ability to continue to invest directly is subject to the risk that the license will be
terminated or suspended. If a license is terminated or suspended, the Fund will be required to
obtain exposure to the market through the purchase of American Depositary Receipts, Global
Depositary Receipts, shares of other funds that are licensed to invest directly, or derivative
instruments. The receipt of a foreign license by one of the Managers clients may preclude other
clients, including the Fund, from obtaining a similar license, and this could limit the Funds
investment opportunities. In addition, the activities of another of the Managers clients could
cause the suspension or revocation of a license and thereby limit the Funds investment
opportunities.
Foreign investment risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund. In addition, because the Fund
invests a significant portion of its assets in investments related to emerging markets, it is
subject to greater foreign investment risk than funds that invest primarily in more developed
foreign markets. The risks of investing in those securities include: greater fluctuations in
currency exchange rates; increased risk of default (by both government and private issuers);
greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including the risk of war or
natural disaster); increased risk of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation of
assets of issuers to which the Fund is exposed; greater governmental involvement in the economy;
less governmental supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those
markets; controls on foreign investment, capital controls and limitations on repatriation of
invested capital, dividends, interest and other income and on the Funds ability to
-9-
exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; inability to purchase and sell investments or
otherwise settle security or derivative transactions (i.e., a market freeze); unavailability of
currency hedging techniques; differences in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards
and resulting unavailability of material information about issuers; slower clearance and
settlement; difficulties in obtaining and/or enforcing legal judgments; and significantly smaller
market capitalizations of issuers. These risks are particularly pronounced for the Fund.
Currency risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates will adversely affect the value
of the Funds investments. Currency risk includes both the risk that currencies in which the Funds
investments are traded and/or in which the Fund receives income, or currencies in which the Fund
has taken an active investment position, will decline in value relative to other currencies. In the
case of hedging positions, currency risk includes the risk that the currency to which the Fund has
obtained exposure declines in value relative to the foreign currency being hedged. In such event,
the Fund may realize a loss on the hedging instrument at the same time the Fund is realizing a loss
on the currency being hedged. Currency exchange rates fluctuate significantly for many reasons,
including changes in supply and demand in the currency exchange markets, actual or perceived
changes in interest rates, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign
governments, central banks, or supranational agencies such as the International Monetary Fund, and
currency controls or other political and economic developments in the U.S. or abroad. See Market
Disruption and Geopolitical Risk below.
The Fund uses derivatives to acquire positions in currencies whose value the Manager expects
to correlate with the value of currencies the Fund owns, currencies the Manager wants the Fund to
own, or currencies the Fund is exposed to through its investments. If the exchange rates of the
currencies involved do not move as expected, the Fund could lose money on its holdings of a
particular currency and also lose money on the derivative. The Fund also takes overweighted or
underweighted currency positions relative to its performance index and/or alters the currency
exposure of the securities in which it has invested. As a result, its currency exposure may differ
(in some cases significantly) from the currency exposure of its equity investments and/or its
performance index. See also Foreign Investment Risk above.
Because the Fund has foreign currency holdings and/or invests or trades in securities
denominated in foreign currencies or related derivatives, it may be adversely affected by changes
in the exchange rates of foreign currencies. Currency risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund.
Derivative transactions in foreign currencies (such as futures, forwards, options, and swaps) may
involve leveraging risk in addition to currency risk, as described below under Leveraging Risk.
In addition, the obligations of counterparties in currency derivative transactions may not be
secured by collateral, which increases counterparty risk (see Credit and Counterparty Risk
below).
The effect of liquidity risk is particularly pronounced when low trading volume, lack of a
market maker, a large position, or legal restrictions limit or prevent the Fund from selling
particular securities or closing derivative positions at desirable prices. In addition, holding
less liquid securities increases the likelihood that the Fund will honor redemption requests
in-kind. Because the Funds principal investment strategies involve the use of securities of
companies with smaller market capitalizations or smaller total float-adjusted market
capitalizations, foreign securities (in particular emerging market securities), and/or derivatives
(in particular over-the-counter derivatives), its investments are often less liquid than other
types of securities. These types of investments are more likely to be fair valued (see
Determination of Net Asset Value). Less liquid securities are more susceptible to loss of value
and their prices may decline more than other securities when markets decline generally.
-10-
The Fund is also exposed to liquidity risk when it has an obligation to purchase particular
securities (e.g., as a result of entering into reverse repurchase agreements, writing a put, or
closing out a short position). Some of the markets, exchanges, or securities in which the Fund
invests may prove to be less liquid and this would affect the price at which, and the time period
in which, the Fund may liquidate positions to meet redemption requests or other funding
requirements. Although U.S. Treasury securities have historically been among the most liquid fixed
income investments, there can be no assurance that these securities will not become less liquid in
the future.
Liquidity risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund because it makes (or may make)
investments in emerging market securities that are not widely traded and sometimes subject to
purchase and sale restrictions and in securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations
that are not widely held and trade less frequently and in lesser quantities than securities of
companies with larger market capitalizations. See Smaller Company Risk below and Foreign
Investment Risk above for more information on risks associated with securities of companies with
smaller market capitalizations and emerging market securities.
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FOCUSED INVESTMENT RISK
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Funds whose investments are focused in particular countries, regions, sectors, or companies or
in industries with high positive correlations to one another (e.g., different industries within
broad sectors, such as technology or financial services) are subject to greater overall risk than
funds whose investments are more diversified. In addition, Funds that invest in securities of a
small number of issuers are subject to greater overall risk than funds that invest in securities of
many different issuers.
Because the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in investments related to
emerging markets, it may have more exposure to regional and country economic risks than Funds
making foreign investments throughout the worlds economies. The political and economic prospects
of one country or group of countries within the same geographic region may affect other countries
in that region. In addition, a recession, debt crisis, or decline in currency valuation in one
country within a region can spread to other countries in that region. Furthermore, if the Fund
invests in the equity securities of companies located in a particular geographic region or foreign
country, it will be particularly vulnerable to events affecting companies located in that region or
country because those companies often share common characteristics, are exposed to similar business
risks and regulatory burdens, and react similarly to specific economic, market, political, or other
developments. Focused investment risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund because it typically
makes equity investments in companies whose prospects are linked to the internal development and
growth of emerging markets.
To
the extent the Fund invests in the securities of a limited number of issuers, the Fund will
be particularly exposed to adverse developments affecting those issuers, and a decline in the
market value of a particular security held by the Fund may affect the Funds performance more than
if the Fund invested in the securities of a larger number of issuers.
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MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISK
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The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt securities markets and
adversely affect global economies and markets. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have had a
substantial effect on economies and securities markets in the U.S. and worldwide. Terrorism in the
U.S. and around the world has had a similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk. The
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets for
four days, and similar future events are possible. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events
have led, and in the future may
-11-
lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S.
and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, systemic market dislocations of the kind
surrounding the insolvency of Lehman Brothers in 2008 may be highly disruptive to economies and
markets. Those events as well as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political
conditions also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities
markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting
the value of the Funds investments. At such times, the Funds exposure to the risks described
elsewhere in this Description of Principal Risks section, including market risk, liquidity risk,
foreign investment risk, currency risk, and credit and counterparty risk, will likely increase.
Market disruptions can also prevent the Fund from implementing its investment program for a period
of time and achieving its investment objective. For example, a disruption may cause the Funds
derivative counterparties to discontinue offering derivatives on some underlying commodities,
securities, reference rates, or indices or to offer such products on a more limited basis, or the
current global economic crisis may strain the U.S. Treasurys ability to satisfy its obligations.
Market risk and liquidity risk are particularly pronounced for securities of companies with
smaller market capitalizations, including small- and mid-cap companies. These companies may have
limited product lines, markets, or financial resources or they may depend on a few key employees.
In addition, their securities often are less widely held and trade less frequently and in lesser
quantities, and their market prices often fluctuate more, than the securities of companies with
larger market capitalizations. This risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund, which normally
invests a portion of its assets in companies with smaller market capitalizations.
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MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL RISK
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The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Managers ability to achieve
its investment objective. The Manager uses proprietary investment techniques and risk analyses in
making investment decisions for the Fund, but there is no assurance that the Manager will achieve
the desired results and the Fund may incur significant losses. The Manager, for example, may fail
to use derivatives effectively, choosing to hedge or not to hedge positions at disadvantageous
times. The Fund generally does not take temporary defensive positions and instead generally stays
fully invested in the asset class in which it is permitted to invest (e.g., foreign equities).
Management risk may be particularly pronounced for the Fund because the Fund does not seek to
control risk relative to a particular securities market index or benchmark.
The Fund also is subject to operational risk associated with the Managers provision of
investment management, administrative, and shareholder services to the Fund. Operational risk is
the risk that deficiencies in the Managers internal systems or controls, or in those of a service
provider to whom the Manager has contractually delegated responsibilities, will cause losses for
the Fund or hinder Fund operations. Operational risk results from inadequate procedures and
controls, human error, and system failures by the Manager or a service provider. For example,
trading delays or errors (both human and systematic) caused by the Manager could prevent the Fund
from purchasing a security that the Manager expects will appreciate in value, thus reducing the
Funds opportunity to benefit from the securitys appreciation. The Manager is not contractually
liable to the Fund for losses associated with operational risk absent the Managers willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its contractual obligations to
provide services to the Fund.
-12-
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CREDIT AND COUNTERPARTY RISK
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This is the risk that the counterparty to a repurchase agreement or reverse repurchase
agreement or other OTC derivatives contract, or a borrower of the Funds securities (including a
borrower of a Funds portfolio securities pursuant to the Funds securities lending program) will
be unable or unwilling to make timely principal, interest, or settlement payments or otherwise to
honor its obligations. This risk is particularly acute in environments (like those experienced
recently) in which financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by
the insolvency of Lehman Brothers in 2008 and subsequent market disruptions.
The Fund is exposed to counterparty risk to the extent it uses OTC derivatives (such as
forward foreign currency contracts, swap contracts, and reverse repurchase agreements), enters into
repurchase agreements, or lends its portfolio securities. See Derivatives Risk below for more
information. If a counterpartys obligation to the Fund is not collateralized, then the Fund is
essentially an unsecured creditor of the counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will
have contractual remedies, but the Fund may be unable to enforce them. Funds that use swap
contracts are subject, in particular, to the creditworthiness of the contracts counterparties
because some types of swap contracts used by the Fund have durations longer than six months (and,
in some cases, a number of decades). In addition, the creditworthiness of a counterparty may be
adversely affected by larger-than average volatility in the markets, even if the counterpartys net
market exposure is small relative to its capital. Counterparty risk is still present even if a
counterpartys obligations are secured by collateral because the Funds interest in collateral may
not be perfected or additional collateral may not be promptly posted as required. OTC derivatives
generally involve greater credit and counterparty risk than exchange-traded derivatives. The Fund
may have significant exposure to a single counterparty as a result of its use of swaps and other
OTC derivatives.
The Fund is also subject to counterparty risk to the extent it executes a significant portion
of its securities transactions through a single broker or dealer. If the broker or dealer fails to
meet its contractual obligations, goes bankrupt, or otherwise experiences a business interruption,
the Fund could miss investment opportunities or be unable to dispose of investments it would prefer
to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund.
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MARKET RISKVALUE SECURITIES
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Because the Fund purchases equity investments at prices below what the Manager believes to be
their fundamental value, it runs the risk that their prices will not increase to what the Manager
believes to be their fundamental value or that the Manager has overestimated their fundamental
value.
The Fund may invest in derivatives, which are financial contracts whose value depends on, or
is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices, and include foreign
currency contracts, swap contracts, reverse repurchase agreements, and other OTC contracts.
Derivatives may relate to securities, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates,
inflation rates, commodities, and related indices. The SAI contains a description of the various
types and uses of derivatives in the Funds investment strategies.
The use of derivatives involves risks different from, and potentially greater than, the risks
associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. In particular,
the use of OTC derivatives exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty to a derivatives
contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise honor its
obligations. OTC derivatives
-13-
contracts typically can be closed out only with the other party to the contract. If the
counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but may not be able to enforce
them. Because the contract for each OTC derivative is individually negotiated, the counterparty may
interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the Fund and if that
occurs, the Fund may decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty rather than incur the
cost and unpredictability of legal proceedings. The Fund, therefore, may be unable to obtain
payments the Manager believes are owed to it under OTC derivatives contracts or those payments may
be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation.
Sometimes, the Fund may post or receive collateral related to changes in the market value of a
derivative. In addition, the Fund may invest in derivatives that do not provide for the
counterpartys obligations to be secured by collateral (e.g., foreign currency forwards; see
Currency Risk above), that require collateral but the Funds security interest in it is not
perfected, that require a significant upfront deposit by the Fund unrelated to the derivatives
intrinsic value, or that do not require the collateral to be regularly marked-to-market (e.g.,
certain OTC derivatives). Even where obligations are required by contract to be collateralized,
there is usually a lag between the day the collateral is called for and the day the Fund receives
it. When a counterpartys obligations are not fully secured by collateral, the Fund is exposed to
the risk of having limited recourse if the counterparty defaults. The Fund may invest in
derivatives with a limited number of counterparties, and events affecting the creditworthiness of
any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the Fund. Derivatives risk is
particularly acute in environments (like those experienced recently) in which financial services
firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman Brothers and
subsequent market disruptions. During these periods of market disruptions, the Fund may have a
greater need for cash to provide collateral for large swings in its mark-to-market obligations
under the derivatives used by the Fund.
Derivatives also present risks described elsewhere in this Description of Principal Risks
section, including market risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, and credit and counterparty risk.
Many derivatives, in particular OTC derivatives, are complex and their valuation often requires
modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, and there can
be no assurance that the pricing models employed by the Funds third-party valuation services
and/or the Manager will produce valuations that are consistent with the values realized when OTC
derivatives are actually closed out or sold. This valuation risk is more pronounced when the Fund
enters into OTC derivatives with specialized terms because the value of those derivatives in some
cases is determined only by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. As a
result, improper valuations may result in increased cash payments to counterparties,
undercollateralization and/or errors in the calculation of the Funds net asset value.
There can be no assurance that the Funds use of derivatives will be effective or will have
the desired results. Moreover, suitable derivatives are not available in all circumstances. For
example, the economic costs of taking some derivative positions may be prohibitive, and if a
counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will not be
permitted to trade with that counterparty. In addition, the Manager may decide not to use
derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce the Funds risk exposures.
Derivatives also involve the risk that changes in their value may not correlate perfectly with
the assets, rates, or indices they are designed to track. The use of derivatives also may increase
the taxes payable by shareholders.
Swap contracts and other OTC derivatives are highly susceptible to liquidity risk (see
Liquidity Risk above) and credit and counterparty risk (see Credit and Counterparty Riskabove),
and are subject to documentation risks.
-14-
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FUND OF FUNDS RISK AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS
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Because the Fund invests in shares of other investment companies, including other GMO Funds,
money market funds, and ETFs (for purposes of this paragraph, underlying Funds) it is exposed to
the risk that the underlying Funds do not perform as expected. In addition, because the Fund bears
the fees and expenses of the underlying Funds in which it invests (absent reimbursement of those
expenses), the Fund will incur additional expenses when investing in underlying Funds. The Fund
also is indirectly exposed to all of the risks applicable to an investment in the underlying Funds.
To the extent the Fund invests in shares of U.S. Treasury Fund, it is likely to be subject to Large
Shareholder Risk because U.S. Treasury Fund is more likely to have large shareholders (e.g., other
GMO Funds).
Investments in ETFs involve the risk that the ETFs performance may not track the performance
of the index the ETF is designed to track. Unlike the index, an ETF incurs administrative expenses
and transaction costs in trading securities. In addition, the timing and magnitude of cash inflows
and outflows from and to investors buying and redeeming shares in the ETF could create cash
balances that cause the ETFs performance to deviate from the index (which remains fully invested
at all times). Performance of an ETF and the index it is designed to track also may diverge because
the composition of the index and the securities held by the ETF may occasionally differ. In
addition, ETFs often use derivatives to track the performance of the relevant index and, therefore,
investments in those ETFs are subject to the same derivatives risks discussed above.
The Funds use of reverse repurchase agreements and other derivatives and securities lending
may cause its portfolio to be leveraged (i.e., the Funds exposure to underlying securities,
assets, or currencies exceeds its net asset value). Leverage increases the Funds portfolio losses
when the value of its investments declines. Because many derivatives have a leverage component
(i.e., a notional value in excess of the assets needed to establish and/or maintain the derivative
position), adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate, or index may result
in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. In the case of
swaps, the risk of loss generally is related to a notional principal amount, even if the parties
have not made any initial investment. Some derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss,
regardless of the size of the initial investment. The Funds portfolio will be leveraged if it
borrows money to meet redemption requests or settle investment transactions or if it avails itself
of the right to delay payment on a redemption.
The Fund may engage in securities lending and may have temporary net long exposures in excess
of its net assets as a result of derivative positions taken in connection with rebalancing the
Funds portfolio in anticipation of cash flows (redemptions, subscriptions, payments of fees,
etc.). In addition, the Fund may manage some of its derivative positions by offsetting derivative
positions against one another or against other assets. To the extent offsetting positions do not
behave in relation to one another as expected, the Fund may perform as if it were leveraged.
To the extent that shares of the Fund are held by large shareholders (e.g., institutional
investors, asset allocation funds, or other GMO Funds), the Fund is subject to the risk that these
shareholders will purchase or redeem Fund shares in large amounts and/or on a frequent basis. These
transactions could adversely affect the Fund if it is forced to sell portfolio securities to raise
the cash that is necessary to satisfy shareholder redemption requests or purchase portfolio
securities to invest cash. This risk is particularly pronounced when one shareholder owns a
substantial portion of the Fund. A substantial
-15-
percentage of the Fund may be held by other GMO Funds and/or separate accounts managed by the
Manager for its clients. Asset allocation decisions by the Manager may result in substantial
redemptions from (or investments into) the Fund. These transactions may adversely affect the Funds
performance to the extent that the Fund is required to sell investments (or invest cash) at times
when it would not otherwise do so. These transactions also may accelerate the realization of
taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments resulted in gains, and also may
increase transaction costs. These transactions potentially limit the use of any capital loss carry
forwards and certain other losses to offset future realized capital gains (if any) and may limit or
prevent the Funds ability to use tax equalization. To the extent the Fund invests in other GMO
Funds having large shareholders, the Fund is indirectly subject to this risk.
The Fund is not a diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act. This
means the Fund is allowed to invest in the securities of a relatively small number of issuers
and/or foreign currencies. As a result, the Fund may be subject to greater credit, market, and
other risks, and poor performance by a single issuer may have a greater impact on the Funds
performance than if the Fund were diversified.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, provides investment management and
shareholder services to the Fund and other GMO Funds. GMO is a private company, founded in 1977.
As of May 31, 2010, GMO managed on a worldwide basis more than $95 billion of assets for the GMO
Funds and institutional investors, such as pension plans, endowments, and foundations.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, the Manager establishes and modifies when it deems
appropriate the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management of the Funds
investment portfolio and the shareholder services it provides to the Fund, the Manager administers
the Funds business affairs.
Each class of shares of the Fund pays the Manager shareholder service fees for providing
client service and reporting, such as performance information reporting, client account
information, personal and electronic access to Fund information, access to analysis and
explanations of Fund reports, and assistance in maintaining and correcting client-related
information.
As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund had not yet operated for a full fiscal year but
pays the Manager, as compensation for investment management services, an annual fee equal to 0.75%
of the Funds average daily net assets for each class of shares.
A discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the Funds initial investment
management contract will be included in the Funds annual or semiannual shareholder report for the
period during which the Trustees approved that contract.
GMOs Emerging Markets Division is responsible for overall day-to-day investment management
and strategic direction of the Fund. GMOs Quantitative Equity Division manages a portion of the
Fund under the strategic direction of the Emerging Markets Division. Each Divisions investment
professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no one person is primarily
responsible for day-to-day management of the Fund.
The following table identifies the senior members of GMOs Emerging Markets Division and
Quantitative Equity Division who are responsible for providing investment management services to
the
-16-
Fund and each senior members length of service as a senior member, title, and business experience
during the past five years. The senior members manage or allocate responsibility for portions of
the portfolios to members of their respective Division, oversee the implementation of trades,
review the overall composition of the portfolios, including compliance with stated investment
objectives and strategies, and monitor cash.
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Investment Divisions
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Senior Members (Length of Service)
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Title; Business Experience During Past 5 Years
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Emerging Markets
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Arjun Divecha (since 1993)
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Director, Emerging Markets Division,
GMO.
Mr. Divecha has been responsible for
overseeing the portfolio management
of GMOs emerging markets equity
portfolios since 1993.
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Emerging Markets
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Amit Bhartia (since 1995)
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Member, Emerging Markets Division,
GMO.
Mr. Bhartia has been engaged in
portfolio management of GMOs
emerging markets equity portfolios
since 1995.
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Quantitative Equity
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Thomas Hancock (since
1998)
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Co-Director, Quantitative Equity
Division, GMO.
Dr. Hancock has been responsible for
overseeing the portfolio management
of GMOs international developed
market and global quantitative equity
portfolios since 1998.
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Quantitative Equity
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Sam Wilderman (since 2005)
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Co-Director, Quantitative Equity
Division, GMO.
Mr. Wilderman has been responsible for
overseeing the portfolio management
of GMOs U.S. quantitative equity
portfolios since 2005. Previously,
Mr. Wilderman was responsible for
portfolio management of and research
for GMOs emerging equity portfolios
since 1996.
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Quantitative Equity
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Mark Ingham (since 2000)
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Member, Quantitative Equity Division,
GMO.
Mr. Ingham has been engaged in
portfolio management of GMOs
international and global quantitative
equity portfolios since 2009.
Previously, Mr. Ingham was
responsible for portfolio management
and research for the GMO emerging
market equities portfolios from 2005
to 2009, and was engaged in portfolio
management and research for GMOs
global equity portfolios from 2000 to
2005.
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The SAI contains information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior members,
other accounts they manage and related conflicts, and their ownership of the Fund and other GMO
Funds for which they have responsibility.
Custodian and Fund Accounting Agent
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 40 Water Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, serves as the
Funds custodian and fund accounting agent.
Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves
as the Funds transfer agent.
Expense Reimbursement
As more fully described in the Funds Annual Fund Operating Expenses table under the caption
Fees and Expenses in the Fund Summary, the Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund
for the portion of the Funds total annual operating expenses that exceed 0.75% of the Funds
average daily net assets (the Expense Reimbursement Amount) exclusive of Excluded Fund Fees and
Expenses. As used in this Prospectus, Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses means shareholder service
fees, expenses incurred indirectly by investment in other GMO Funds, fees and expenses of the
independent Trustees of the Trust and their independent counsel, fees and expenses for legal
services the Manager for the Trust has not undertaken to pay, compensation and expenses of the
Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions,
securities-lending fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other
investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments in any company that is an
investment company (including an exchange-traded fund) or would be an investment company under the
1940 Act, but for the exceptions to the definition of investment company provided in Sections
3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and
certain other unusual expenses (including taxes), and custodial fees (provided that the Manager
will reimburse the Fund for any portion of the Funds annual custodial fees that exceeds 0.10% of
the Funds average daily net assets).
In addition to the contractual expense reimbursement described above, the Manager has
contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund for the amount of fees and expenses incurred indirectly
by the Fund through its investment in U.S. Treasury Fund (excluding U.S. Treasury Funds Excluded
Fund Fees and Expenses), subject to a maximum total reimbursement to the Fund of such fees and
expenses equal to the Expense Reimbursement Amount.
The Funds contractual expense limitations will continue through at least August 2, 2011, and
may not be terminated prior to this date without consent by the Funds Board of Trustees.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close
of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Boston time. The
NAV per share of a class of shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the total value of the
Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class
by the total number of outstanding shares of that class. NAV is not determined on any days when the
NYSE is closed for
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business. The Fund also may elect not to determine NAV on days during which no
share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share is received by the Fund.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
Exchange-listed securities (other than Exchange-listed options)
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Last sale price or
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Official closing price or
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Most recent bid price (if no reported sale or official closing price) or
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Broker bid (if the private market is more relevant in determining market value
than the exchange)
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(Also, see discussion in Fair Value Pricing below regarding foreign equity securities.)
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Exchange-listed options
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Most recent bid price for long positions
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Most recent ask price for short positions
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Unlisted securities
(if market quotations are readily available)
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Most recent quoted bid price
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Note: There can be no assurance that brokers will be able to provide bid prices. If quotes
are not used, the Fund would seek alternative valuation methodologies (e.g., valuing the
relevant assets at fair value as described below).
Certain debt obligations
(previously acquired and having sixty days or less to final maturity)
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Amortized cost (unless circumstances dictate otherwise; for example, if the
issuers creditworthiness has become impaired)
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All other fixed income securities
(includes bonds, asset-backed securities, loans, structured
notes)
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Most recent bid supplied by a single pricing source chosen by the Manager
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Shares of other GMO Funds and other open-end registered investment companies
Fair Value Pricing
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where market prices
are not readily available or circumstances make an existing methodology or procedure unreliable,
the Funds investments are valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees or
pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
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In some cases, a significant percentage of the Funds assets
may be fair valued. The value of assets that are fair valued is determined
by the Trustees or persons
acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
Factors that may be considered in determining fair value include, among
others, the value of other financial instruments traded on other markets,
trading volumes, changes in interest rates, observations from financial
institutions, significant events (which may be considered to include changes
in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the
close of the relevant market and before the Funds net asset value is
calculated, other news events, and significant unobservable inputs
(including the Funds own assumptions in determining the fair value of
investments). Although the goal of fair valuation is to determine the
amount the owner of the securities might reasonably expect to receive upon
their current sale, because of the uncertainty inherent in fair value
pricing, the fair value determined for a particular security may be
materially different from the value realized upon its sale.
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Many foreign equity securities markets and exchanges close
prior to the close of the NYSE, and, therefore, the closing prices for foreign
securities in those markets or on those exchanges do not reflect events that
occur after that close but before the close of the NYSE. As a result, the Fund
generally values foreign equity securities as of the NYSE close using fair
value prices, which are based on adjustments to closing prices supplied by a
third party vendor using that vendors proprietary models.
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The Funds use of fair value pricing may cause the Funds
returns to differ from those of its performance index more than would otherwise
be the case. For example, the Fund may fair value its international equity
holdings as a result of significant events that occur after the close of the
relevant market and before the time the Funds net asset value is calculated.
In these cases, the index may use the local market closing price, whereas the
Fund may use an adjusted fair value price.
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The values of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are typically translated into
U.S. dollars at the close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally at 4:00 p.m. Boston time, at
then current exchange rates or at such other rates as the Trustees or persons acting at their
direction may determine in computing net asset value.
The Manager evaluates pricing sources on an ongoing basis and may change a pricing source at
any time. The Manager normally does not evaluate the prices supplied by pricing sources on a
day-to-day basis. The Manager monitors erratic or unusual movements (including unusual inactivity)
in the prices supplied for a security and has discretion to override a price supplied by a source
(e.g., by taking a price supplied by another) when it believes that the price supplied is not
reliable. In addition, although alternative prices often are available for many securities held by
the Fund, the existence of those alternative sources does not necessarily provide greater certainty
about the prices used by the Fund. In addition, because the Fund may hold portfolio securities
listed on foreign exchanges that trade on days on which the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are
closed, the net asset value of the Funds shares may change significantly on days when shares
cannot be redeemed.
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NAME POLICY
To comply with Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules regarding the use of
descriptive words in a funds name, the Fund has adopted a policy of investing at least 80% of its
assets in investments related to emerging markets (the Name Policy). The Name Policy is described in
the Principal investment strategies section of the Fund Summary.
The Fund will not change its Name Policy without providing its shareholders at least 60 days
prior written notice. When used in connection with the Funds Name Policy, assets include the
Funds net assets plus any borrowings made for investment purposes. For purposes of this
Prospectus, an investment is related to a particular country or region if: (i) it is an
investment in an issuer that is organized under the laws of that country or of a country within
that region or in an issuer that maintains its principal place of business in that country or
region; (ii) it is traded principally in that country or region; or (iii) it is an investment in an
issuer that derived at least 50% of its revenues or profits from goods produced or sold,
investments made, or services performed in that country or region, or has at least 50% of its
assets in that country or region. The Fund may invest directly in securities of companies in a
particular country, or geographic region or indirectly, for example, through investments in another
GMO Fund, derivatives, or synthetic instruments with underlying assets that have economic
characteristics similar to investments related to a particular country or geographic region.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings. That
policy is described in the SAI. The largest fifteen portfolio holdings of the Fund are posted
monthly on GMOs website and are available to shareholders without a confidentiality agreement.
Additional information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each months end is made
available to shareholders of the Trust, qualified potential shareholders as determined by GMO
(potential shareholders), and their consultants or agents through a secured link on GMOs website
approximately five days after month end. Periodically, in response to heightened market interest in
specific issuers, the Funds holdings in one or more issuers may be made available on a more
frequent basis to shareholders of the Trust, potential shareholders, and their consultants or
agents through a secured link on GMOs website. This information may be posted as soon as the
business day following the date to which the information relates.
To access this information on GMOs website (http://www.gmo.com/america/strategies),
shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents must contact GMO to obtain a
password and user name (to the extent they do not already have them) and enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that permits the information to be used only for
purposes determined by GMO to be in the best interest of the shareholders of the Fund. GMO may make
portfolio holdings information available in alternate formats under the conditions described in the
SAI. Beneficial owners of shares of the Fund who have invested in the Fund through a broker or
agent should contact that broker or agent for information on how to obtain access to information on
the website regarding the Funds portfolio holdings.
The Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings, and the Fund may modify the
disclosure policy, without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings will
remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual
report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the
date of those holdings.
-21-
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares directly from the Trust on
days when the NYSE is open for business. In addition, certain brokers and agents are authorized to
accept purchase and redemption orders on the Funds behalf. These brokers and agents may impose
transaction fees and/or other restrictions (in addition to those described in this Prospectus) for
purchasing Fund shares through them. For instructions on purchasing shares, call the Trust at
1-617-346-7646, send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com, or contact your broker or agent. The Trust will not accept a
purchase request until it has received a GMO Trust Application deemed to be in good order by the
Trust or its designated agent. In addition, the Trust will not accept a purchase request unless an
IRS Form W-9 (for U.S. shareholders) or the appropriate IRS Form W-8 (for foreign shareholders)
with a correct taxpayer identification number (if required) is on file with GMO and that W-9 or W-8
is deemed to be in good order by the Trusts withholding agent, State Street Bank and Trust
Company. Subject to future guidance from the Internal Revenue Service, the Trust may require
additional tax-related certifications, representations or information from you in order to comply
with the Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the recently enacted Hiring Incentives to
Restore Employment Act. Please consult your tax adviser to ensure all tax forms provided to the
Trust are completed properly and maintained, as required, in good order. GMO has the right to make
final good order assessments.
Purchase Policies.
You must submit a purchase request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust or its designated agent. In general, a purchase request is in good order if
it includes:
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The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being purchased;
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The U.S. dollar amount of the shares to be purchased;
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The date on which the purchase is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the close
of regular trading on that date);
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The name and/or the account number (if any) set forth with sufficient clarity to
avoid ambiguity; and
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The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list.
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If payment in full (by check, wire, or, when approved, securities) is not received prior to
the earlier of the close of the NYSE or 4:00 p.m. Boston time on the intended purchase date, the
request may be rejected or deferred until payment is received unless prior arrangements for later
payment have been approved by GMO.
If the purchase request is received in good order by the Trust or its agent prior to the close
of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Boston time), the purchase price for the Fund
shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day (plus any applicable
purchase premium). If that request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the
purchase price for the Fund shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on
the next business day that the NYSE is open (plus any applicable purchase premium). See Purchase
Premiums and Redemption Fees on page 27 of this Prospectus for a discussion of purchase premiums
charged by the Fund, including circumstances under which all or a portion of the purchase premiums
may be waived. Purchase premiums (if any) are not charged on reinvestments of distributions.
To help the U.S. government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities,
federal law requires the Trust to verify identifying information provided by each investor in its
GMO Trust Application. Additional identifying documentation also may be required. If the Trust is
unable to
-22-
verify the information shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed
and your shares redeemed at their net asset value at the time of the redemption.
The Trust or its agents reserve the right to reject any purchase order. In addition, without
notice, the Fund in its sole discretion may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares
to new investors and, in some circumstances, existing shareholders.
Minimum
investment amounts (by class) are set forth in the tables on page 28 of this
Prospectus. No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of the
Fund. The Trust may waive initial minimums for some investors.
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (the Cut-off Time) and receive the current days price if
the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a good order purchase request prior to
the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the purchase(s) by the Top Fund of shares of the Fund are
executed pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form
.
Completed purchase order forms can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust
at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to
confirm that GMO
received, made a good order determination regarding, and accepted
your purchase order form. Do not
send cash, checks, or securities directly to the Trust. A purchase request submitted by mail is
received by the Trust when it is actually delivered to the Trust or its designated agent. A
purchase request delivered by facsimile is received by the Trust when it is actually received by
the Trust or its designated agent.
Funding Your Investment
.
You may purchase shares:
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with cash (via wire transfer or check)
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By wire
. Instruct your bank to wire the amount of your investment to:
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State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts
ABA#: 011000028
Attn: Transfer Agent
Credit: GMO Deposit Account 00330902
Further credit: GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund/Account name and number
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By check
. All checks must be made payable to the Fund or to GMO
Trust. The Trust will not accept checks payable to a third party that have been
endorsed by the payee to the Trust. Mail checks to:
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By U.S. Postal Service:
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By Overnight Courier:
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State Street Bank and Trust Company
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State Street Bank and Trust Company
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Transfer Agency/GMO
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Attn: Transfer Agency/GMO
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Box 5493
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200 Clarendon Street
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Mail Code JHT1651
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Mail Code JHT1651
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Boston, MA 02206
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Boston, MA 02116
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in exchange for securities acceptable to the Manager
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securities must be approved by the Manager prior to transfer to the Fund.
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securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
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by a combination of cash and securities
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Frequent Trading Activity.
As a matter of policy, the Trust will not honor requests for
purchases or exchanges by shareholders identified as engaging in frequent trading strategies,
including market timing, that GMO determines could be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders.
Frequent trading strategies are generally strategies that involve repeated exchanges and/or
purchases and redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time. Frequent
trading strategies may be disruptive to the efficient management of the Fund, materially increase
portfolio transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term investors, or
otherwise be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders.
The Trustees have adopted procedures designed to detect and prevent frequent trading activity
that is harmful to the Fund and its shareholders (the Procedures). The Procedures include the
fair valuation of foreign securities, periodic surveillance of trading in shareholder accounts and
inquiry as to the nature of trading activity. If GMO determines that an account is engaging in
frequent trading that has the potential to be harmful to the Fund or its shareholders, the
Procedures include prevention measures, including suspension of the accounts exchange and purchase
privileges. There is no assurance that the Procedures will be effective in all instances. The Fund
will not automatically redeem shares that are the subject of a rejected exchange request. The Fund
reserves the right to reject any order or terminate the sale of Fund shares at any time.
Shares of the Fund may be distributed through financial intermediaries that submit aggregate
or net purchase and redemption orders through omnibus accounts. These omnibus accounts often by
nature engage in frequent transactions due to the daily trading activity of their underlying
investors. Because transactions by omnibus accounts often take place on a net basis, GMOs ability
to detect and prevent frequent trading strategies within those accounts is limited. GMO ordinarily
seeks the agreement of a financial intermediary to monitor for and/or restrict frequent trading in
accordance with the Procedures. In addition, the Fund may rely on a financial intermediary to
monitor for and/or restrict frequent trading in accordance with the intermediarys policies and
procedures in lieu of the Procedures if GMO believes that the financial intermediarys policies and
procedures are reasonably designed to detect and prevent frequent trading activity that GMO
considers to be potentially harmful to the Fund and its shareholders. Shareholders who own Fund
shares through an intermediary should consult with that intermediary regarding its frequent trading
policies.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares on days when the NYSE is open
for business. Redemption requests should be submitted directly to the Trust unless the
Fund shares to be redeemed were purchased through a broker or agent, in which case the redemption
request should be effected through that broker or agent. The broker or agent may impose transaction
fees and/or other
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restrictions (in addition to those described in this Prospectus) for redeeming
Fund shares through it. For instructions on redeeming shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646,
send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com, or contact your broker or agent. The Trust may take up to seven
days to remit proceeds.
Redemption Policies.
You must submit a redemption request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust or its designated agent. In general, a redemption request is in good order
if it includes:
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The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being redeemed;
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The number of shares or the dollar amount of the shares to be redeemed or that the
client wants to receive;
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The date on which the redemption is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the
close of regular trading on the NYSE on that date);
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The name and/or the account number set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid
ambiguity;
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The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list; and
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Wire instructions or registration address that match the wire instructions
or registration address (as applicable) on file at GMO or confirmation from an
authorized signatory that the wire instructions are valid.
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If a redemption request in good order is received by the Trust or its agent prior to the close
of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Boston time), the redemption price for the Fund
shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on that day (less any applicable
redemption fee). If a redemption request is received after the close of regular trading on the
NYSE, the redemption price for the Fund shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share
determined on the next business day that the NYSE is open (less any applicable redemption fee)
unless you or another authorized person on your account have instructed GMO Shareholder Services in
writing to defer the redemption to another day. If you or another authorized person on your
account have instructed GMO Shareholder Services to defer the redemption to another day, you or
another authorized person on your account may revoke your redemption request in writing at any time
prior to 4:00 p.m. Boston time or before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (whichever is
earlier) on the redemption date. Redemption fees, if any, apply to all shares of the Fund
regardless of how the shares were acquired (e.g., by direct purchase or by reinvestment of
dividends or other distributions). See Purchase Premiums and
Redemption Fees on page 27 for a
discussion of redemption fees charged by the Fund, including circumstances under which all or a
portion of the fees may be waived. In the event of a disaster affecting Boston, Massachusetts,
please contact GMO to confirm that your redemption request was received and is in good order.
Failure to provide the Trust with a properly authorized redemption request or otherwise
satisfy the Trust as to the validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address
may result in a delay in processing a redemption request, delay in remittance of redemption
proceeds, or a rejection of the redemption request.
As with all GMO Funds, if the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that paying
redemption proceeds wholly or partly in cash would be detrimental to the best interests of the
Funds remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay the redemption proceeds in whole or in part with
securities instead of cash. In particular, if market conditions deteriorate and the Manager
believes the Funds redemption fee (if any) is not fair compensation for transaction costs, the
Fund may limit cash redemptions (honoring redemptions with portfolio securities) to protect the
interests of all Fund shareholders. Redemptions in-
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kind may require shareholders to enter into new
custodial arrangements if they do not have accounts available for holding securities directly.
If a redemption is paid in cash:
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payment will generally be made by means of a federal funds transfer to the
bank account designated in a recordable format by an authorized signatory in the GMO
Trust Application to purchase the Fund shares being redeemed
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designation of one or more additional bank accounts or any change
in the bank accounts originally designated in the GMO Trust Application must be
made in a recordable format by an authorized signatory according to the procedures
in the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form
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upon request, payment will be made by check mailed to the registration address
(unless another address is specified according to the procedures in the GMO Trust
Redemption Order Form).
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The Trust will not pay redemption proceeds to third-parties and does not offer check-writing
privileges.
If a redemption is paid with securities, you should note that:
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the securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net
Asset Value
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the securities will be selected by the Manager in light of the Funds
objective and may not represent a pro rata distribution of each security held in the
Funds portfolio
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you may incur brokerage charges on the sale of the securities
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redemptions paid in securities are generally treated by shareholders for
tax purposes the same as redemptions paid in cash
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the securities will be transferred and delivered by the Trust as directed
in writing by an authorized person on your account.
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The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven
days:
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if the NYSE and/or the Federal Reserve Bank are closed on days other than
weekends or holidays
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during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted
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during an emergency that makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of
its securities or to fairly determine the net asset value of the Fund
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during any other period permitted by the SEC for your protection.
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Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has
the unilateral right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder at any time if at that time: (i)
the shares of the Fund or a class held by the shareholder have an aggregate net asset value of less
than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) the shares of the Fund or the
class held by the shareholder exceed a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or the
class determined from time
-26-
to time by the Trustees. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole
discretion to redeem shares to prevent a shareholder from becoming an affiliated person of the
Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days
price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption request prior to
the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Redemption Request
. Redemption requests can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
to the Trust at the address/facsimile number set forth under How to Purchase Shares
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Redemption requests submitted by mail are received by the
Trust when actually delivered to the Trust or its designated agent. Call the Trust at
1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to
confirm that GMO received, made a good order
determination regarding, and accepted
your redemption request.
PURCHASE PREMIUMS AND REDEMPTION FEES
Purchase premiums and redemption fees are paid to and retained by the Fund to help offset non
de minimis estimated portfolio transaction costs and other related costs (e.g., bid to ask spreads,
stamp duties, and transfer fees) incurred by the Fund (directly or indirectly through investments
in underlying funds) as a result of the purchase or redemption by allocating estimated transaction
costs to the purchasing or redeeming shareholder. The Fund may impose a new purchase premium and/or
redemption fee or modify an existing fee at any time. Please refer to the Shareholder Fees table
under the caption Fees and Expenses in the Fund Summary for details regarding the purchase
premium and/or redemption fee charged by the Fund. Purchase premiums are not charged on
reinvestments of distributions. Redemption fees apply to all shares of the Fund regardless of how
the shares were acquired (e.g., by direct purchase or by reinvestment of dividends or other
distributions).
Waiver of Purchase Premiums/Redemption Fees
If the Manager determines that any portion of a cash purchase or redemption, as applicable, is
offset by a corresponding cash redemption or purchase occurring on the same day, it ordinarily will
waive or reduce the purchase premium or redemption fee with respect to that portion. The Manager
may consider known cash flows out of or into the Fund when placing orders for the cash purchase or
redemption of Fund shares by accounts over which the Manager has investment discretion, including
GMO asset allocation funds and other pooled investment vehicles. Consequently, those accounts will
tend to benefit more from waivers of the Funds purchase premiums and redemption fees than other
Fund shareholders. The Manager also may waive or reduce the purchase premium or redemption fee
relating to a cash purchase or redemption of the Funds shares if the Fund will not incur
transaction costs or will incur reduced transaction costs.
The Manager will waive or reduce the purchase premium when securities are used to purchase the
Funds shares except to the extent that the Fund incurs transaction costs (e.g., stamp duties or
transfer fees) in connection with its acquisition of those securities. The Fund normally does not
charge a redemption fee when it uses securities to redeem its shares except to the extent of any
cash component. However, when a substantial portion of the Fund is being redeemed in-kind, the Fund
may charge a redemption fee equal to known or estimated costs.
Purchase premiums or redemption fees generally will not be waived for purchases and
redemptions of Fund shares executed through brokers or agents, including, without limitation,
-27-
intermediary platforms that are allowed pursuant to agreements with the Trust to transmit orders
for purchases and redemptions to the Manager the day after those orders are received.
MULTIPLE CLASSES AND ELIGIBILITY
The Fund currently offers multiple classes of shares. The sole economic difference among the
various classes of shares described in this Prospectus is in their shareholder service fee.
Differences in the fee reflect the fact that, as the size of a client relationship increases, the
cost to service that client decreases as a percentage of the clients assets. Thus, the shareholder
service fee generally is lower for classes requiring greater minimum investments.
Eligibility to purchase Fund shares or different classes of Fund shares depends on the
clients meeting either (i) the minimum Total Fund Investment, which includes only a clients
total investment in the Fund, or (ii) the minimum Total GMO Investment, both set forth in the
table below. No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of the
Fund. The Trust may waive initial minimums for some investors.
Minimum Investment Criteria for Class Eligibility
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Shareholder Service Fee
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Minimum Total Fund
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Minimum Total GMO
|
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(as a % of average daily
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Investment
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Investment
1
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net assets)
|
Class II Shares
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N/A
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$10 million
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0.22
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%
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Class III Shares
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$50 million
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N/A
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0.15
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%
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Class IV Shares
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$125 million
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$250 million
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0.105
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%
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Class V Shares
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$250 million
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$500 million
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|
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0.085
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%
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Class VI Shares
|
|
$300 million
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$750 million
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0.055
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%
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1
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The eligibility requirements in the table above are subject to exceptions and
special rules for plan investors investing through financial intermediaries. See discussion
immediately following this table for more information about these exceptions and special rules.
|
A clients Total GMO Investment equals the Managers estimate of the market value of all
the clients assets managed by GMO and its affiliates (i) at the time of the clients initial
investment, (ii) at the close of business on the last business day of each calendar quarter, or
(iii) at other times as determined by the Manager (including those described below under
Conversions between Classes) (each, a Determination Date). When purchasing shares of the Fund,
investors should consult with the Manager to determine the applicable Determination Date and the
share class for which they are eligible.
Upon request GMO may permit a client to undertake in writing to meet the applicable Total Fund
Investment or Total GMO Investment minimums over a specified period (a Commitment Letter).
You should note:
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No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of
the Fund for any class of shares.
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-28-
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The Manager makes all determinations as to the aggregation of client accounts
for purposes of determining eligibility. See the SAI for a discussion of factors the
Manager considers relevant when making those determinations.
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Eligibility requirements for each class of shares are subject to change upon
notice to shareholders.
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The Trust may waive eligibility requirements for certain persons, accounts or
special situations. As of the date of this Prospectus, these waivers include the
waiver of eligibility requirements for (i) GMO Funds and other accounts over which GMO
has investment discretion that invest in other GMO Funds, (ii) GMO employees and their
family members, and (iii) the Trustees of the Trust, each of which may invest in the
least expensive class of those GMO Funds offered at the time of investment without
regard to the amount invested.
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Investments through an intermediary generally are invested in Class III Shares.
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Conversions between Classes
In determining whether a client is eligible to purchase Fund shares, GMO considers each
clients Total Fund Investment and Total GMO Investment on each Determination Date. Based on this
determination, and subject to the following, each clients shares of the Fund eligible for
conversion will be converted to the class of shares of the Fund with the lowest shareholder service
fee for which the client satisfies all minimum investment requirements (or, to the extent the
client already holds shares of that class, the client will remain in that class). Except as noted
below, with respect to the Fund:
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To the extent a client satisfies all minimum investment requirements for a
class of shares then being offered that bears a lower shareholder service fee than the
class held by the client on the Determination Date (generally at the close of business
on the last business day of each calendar quarter), the clients shares eligible for
conversion generally will be automatically converted to that class within 45 calendar
days following the Determination Date on a date selected by the Manager.
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If a client no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements for the
class of shares of the Fund held by the client on the last Determination Date of a
calendar year (generally at the close of business on the last business day of the
calendar year), the Fund generally will convert the clients shares to the class it is
then offering bearing the lowest shareholder service fee for which the client satisfies
all minimum investment requirements (and which class will typically bear a higher
shareholder service fee than the class then held by the client). If a client no longer
satisfies all minimum investment requirements for any class of the Fund as of the last
Determination Date of a calendar year, the Fund will convert the clients shares to the
class of the Fund then being offered bearing the highest shareholder service fee.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a clients shares will not be converted to a class of
shares bearing a higher shareholder service fee without at least 15 calendar days
prior notice, and if the client makes an additional investment and/or the value of the
clients shares otherwise increases prior to the end of the notice period so as to
satisfy all minimum investment requirements for the clients current class of shares,
the client will remain in the class of shares then held by the client. Solely for the
purpose of determining whether a client has satisfied the minimum investment
requirements for the clients current class of shares, the value of the clients shares
is considered to be the greater of (i) the value of the clients shares on the relevant
Determination Date or (ii) the value of the clients shares on the date that GMO
reassesses the value of the clients account for the purpose of sending notice of a
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-29-
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proposed conversion. If the client is not able to make an additional investment in the
Fund solely because the Fund is closed to new investment or is capacity constrained,
the class of shares then held by the client will not be converted unless the Manager
approves reopening the Fund to permit the client to make an additional investment. The
conversion of a clients shares to a class of shares bearing a higher shareholder
service fee generally will occur within 60 calendar days following the last
Determination Date of a calendar year or, in the case of
conversion due to an abusive pattern of investments and/or redemptions, on any other
date the Manager determines.
|
The Fund may at any time without notice convert a clients shares to the class it is then
offering bearing the lowest shareholder service fee for which the client satisfied all minimum
investment requirements (or, if the Fund has no such class, the class of that Fund bearing the
highest shareholder service fee) if the client no longer satisfies all minimum investment
requirements for the class of shares held by the client and: (i) the Manager believes the client
has engaged in an abusive pattern of investments and/or redemptions (e.g., a large investment just
before a Determination Date and a redemption right after the Determination Date), (ii) the client
fails to meet the applicable Total Fund Investment or Total GMO Investment minimums by the time
specified in the clients Commitment Letter, or (iii) the total expense ratio borne by the client
immediately following the conversion is equal to or less than the total expense ratio borne by the
client immediately prior to such conversion (after giving effect to any applicable fee and expense
waivers or reimbursements).
The Fund has been advised by counsel that, for tax purposes, the conversion of a clients
investment from one class of shares of the Fund to another class of shares of the Fund should not
result in the recognition of gain or loss in the shares that are converted. The clients tax basis
in the new class of shares immediately after the conversion should equal the clients basis in the
converted shares immediately before conversion, and the holding period of the new class of shares
should include the holding period of the converted shares.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Funds policy is to declare and pay distributions of its net investment income, if any,
semi-annually. The Fund also intends to distribute net realized capital gains, whether from the
sale of securities held by the Fund for not more than one year (net short-term capital gains) or
from the sale of securities held by the Fund for more than one year (net long-term capital gains),
if any, at least annually. In addition, the Fund may, from time to time and at its discretion,
make unscheduled distributions in advance of large redemptions by shareholders or as otherwise
deemed appropriate by the Fund. From time to time, distributions by the Fund could constitute, for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, a return of capital to shareholders. Shareholders should read
the description below for information regarding the tax character of distributions from the Fund to
shareholders.
All dividends and/or distributions are reinvested in additional shares of the Fund, at net
asset value, unless a shareholder elects to receive cash. Shareholders may elect to receive cash
by marking the appropriate boxes on the GMO Trust Application, by writing to the Trust, or by
notifying their broker or agent. No purchase premium is charged on reinvested dividends or
distributions.
It is important for you to note:
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The Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax
purposes and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (RIC)
under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
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-30-
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For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are
generally taxable as ordinary income.
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For U.S. federal income tax purposes, taxes on distributions of net realized capital
gains generally are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that
generated them, rather than by how long a shareholder has owned shares in the Fund.
Distributions of net realized capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for more than
one year and that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends
generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains. Distributions of net
realized capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or
less generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
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The Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that
exceeds the Funds net investment income and net realized capital gains for that year,
in which case the excess generally would be treated as a return of capital, which would
reduce a shareholders tax basis in its applicable shares, with any amounts exceeding
such basis treated as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable to shareholders
to the extent such amount does not exceed a shareholders tax basis, but it reduces a
shareholders tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on
a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares.
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If the Fund realizes capital losses in excess of capital gains for any taxable year,
these excess losses will carry over and can be used to offset capital gains realized in
succeeding taxable years until either (a) the end of the eighth succeeding taxable year
or (b) such losses have been fully utilized to offset net realized capital gains,
whichever comes first. The Funds ability to utilize these and certain other losses to
reduce distributable net realized capital gains in succeeding taxable years may be
limited by reason of direct or indirect changes in the actual or constructive ownership
of the Fund.
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For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, distributions of net investment
income properly designated by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will
be taxable to shareholders taxed as individuals at the rates applicable to long-term
capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the
shareholder and Fund levels. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to most
individuals have been reduced to 15% (with a 0% rate applying to taxpayers in the 10%
and 15% rate brackets) for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011. It is
currently unclear whether Congress will extend, eliminate or change the qualified
dividend income provision or the reduction of long-term capital gain rates for
individuals to or for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011.
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Distributions by the Fund generally are taxable to a shareholder even if they are
paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before that shareholder invested in the
Fund (and accordingly the income or gains were included in the price the shareholder
paid for the Funds shares). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive
them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares.
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|
Distributions by the Fund to retirement plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment
under U.S. federal income tax laws generally will not be taxable. Special tax rules
apply to investments through such plans. You should consult your tax advisor to
determine the suitability of the Fund as an investment through such a plan and the tax
treatment of distributions from such a plan.
|
-31-
|
|
|
Any gain resulting from a shareholders sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares
generally will be taxable to the shareholder as short-term or long-term capital gain,
depending on how long the Fund shares were held by the shareholder.
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|
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The Funds investment in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or
other taxes on dividends, interest, or capital gains. The Fund may otherwise be subject
to foreign taxation on repatriation proceeds generated from those securities or to
other transaction-based foreign taxes on those securities. Those withholding and other
taxes will reduce the Funds yield on foreign securities. The foreign withholding and
other tax rates applicable to the Funds investments in certain foreign jurisdictions
may be higher if the Fund has a significant number of non-U.S. shareholders than if it
has fewer non-U.S. shareholders. The Fund may be eligible for and may make an election
that allows shareholders to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on
their U.S. income tax return in respect of certain foreign taxes paid by or withheld
from the Fund on its foreign portfolio securities. In addition, the Funds investments
in foreign securities (other than equity securities), foreign currencies, or foreign
currency derivatives may accelerate Fund distributions to shareholders and increase the
distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. See Taxes in the SAI for more
information.
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|
Under the GMO Funds securities lending arrangements, when a dividend is paid to a
Fund security out on loan, the borrower is required to pay to that Fund a substitute
payment at least equal, on an after-tax basis, to the dividend that the Fund would have
received if it had received the dividend directly. Because some borrowers of foreign
securities may be subject to levels of taxation that are lower than the rates
applicable to the Fund, some borrowers are likely to be motivated by the ability to
earn a profit on those differential tax rates and to pay that Fund for the opportunity
to earn that profit. In the United States, certain swaps and securities lending
transactions designed to enable non-U.S. persons to reduce otherwise applicable U.S.
withholding taxes on U.S. stock dividends have received the attention of U.S.
lawmakers. In response, Congress enacted legislation in March 2010 to limit these
practices. There can be no assurance that similar legislation will not be adopted in
other jurisdictions with respect to foreign securities or that foreign taxing
authorities will not otherwise challenge beneficial tax results arising from securities
lending arrangements.
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|
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|
Certain of the Funds investment practices, including derivative transactions,
hedging activities generally, and securities lending activities (if any), as well as
certain of the Funds investments, including those marked to the market for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, will be subject to special and complex U.S. federal income
tax provisions. These special rules may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of
the Funds distributions and, in some cases, may cause the Fund to liquidate
investments at a time when it is not advantageous to do so. See Taxes in the SAI for
more information about the tax consequences of the Funds specific investment practices
and investments.
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|
To the extent the Fund invests in other GMO Funds or other investment companies
treated as partnerships or RICs for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including ETFs,
the Funds distributions could vary in terms of their timing, character, and/or amount
from what the Funds distributions would have been had the Fund invested directly in
the portfolio securities and other assets held by the underlying investment companies.
See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
|
-32-
The above is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations.
You should consult your own tax advisors about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the
Fund in light of your particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local, or other
applicable taxes (including the federal alternative minimum tax). Most states permit mutual funds,
such as the Fund, to pass through to their shareholders the state tax exemption on income earned from investments
in certain direct U.S. Treasury obligations, as well as some limited types of U.S. government
agency securities, so long as a fund meets all applicable state requirements. Therefore, you may
be allowed to exclude from your state taxable income distributions made to you by the Fund (if
any), to the extent attributable to interest the Fund earned on such investments. The availability
of these exemptions varies by state. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the
applicability of any such exemption to your situation.
See Taxes in the SAI for more information, including a summary of certain tax consequences
of investing in the Fund for non-U.S. shareholders.
-33-
INVESTMENT IN OTHER GMO FUNDS
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund.
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (U.S. Treasury Fund), a series of the Trust,
is offered through a separate prospectus. U.S. Treasury Fund is managed by GMO.
U.S. Treasury Fund pays an investment management fee to the Manager at the annual rate of
0.08% of U.S. Treasury Funds average daily net assets. Subject to Excluded Expenses, the Manager
has contractually agreed to reimburse U.S. Treasury Fund to the extent U.S. Treasury Funds total
annual operating expenses exceed 0.08% of U.S. Treasury Funds average daily net assets. This
contractual expense limitation will continue through at least June 30, 2011, and may not be
terminated prior to this date without consent by U.S. Treasury Funds Board of Trustees. In
addition to this contractual expense limitation, the Manager has voluntarily agreed to waive U.S.
Treasury Funds management fee and to reimburse U.S. Treasury Fund to the extent U.S. Treasury
Funds total annual operating expenses exceed 0.00% of U.S. Treasury Funds average daily net
assets (excluding Excluded Expenses). The Manager may change or terminate these voluntary waivers
and reimbursements at any time. During any period for which these voluntary waivers and
reimbursements are in effect, U.S. Treasury Fund will incur management fees at an annual rate lower
than 0.08% of U.S. Treasury Funds average daily net assets, and, as a result net annual operating
expenses for U.S. Treasury Fund will be lower. For these purposes, Excluded Expenses are expenses
incurred indirectly by investment in other GMO Funds, fees and expenses of the independent Trustees
of the Trust and their independent counsel, fees and expenses for legal services the Manager for
the Trust has not undertaken to pay, compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief Compliance
Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities lending fees and
expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs (including expenses
associated with investments in any company that is an investment company (including an
exchange-traded fund) or would be an investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions
to the definition of investment company provided in Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act),
hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses
(including taxes).
U.S. Treasury Funds investment objective is liquidity and safety of principal with current
income as a secondary objective.
U.S. Treasury Fund primarily invests in U.S. Treasury securities. Under normal circumstances,
U.S. Treasury Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for
investment purposes, in Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations and repurchase agreements collateralized
by these Obligations. Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations include U.S. Treasury bills, bonds, and
notes and other securities issued by the U.S. Treasury, such as Separately Traded Registered
Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS) and other zero-coupon securities, that are backed by the
full faith and credit of the U.S. government as well as repurchase agreements relating to the
foregoing.
U.S. Treasury Fund may enter into repurchase agreements, under which U.S. Treasury Fund
purchases a security backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government from a seller who
simultaneously commits to repurchase, on an agreed upon date in the future, the security from U.S.
Treasury Fund at the original purchase price plus an agreed upon amount representing the original
purchase price plus interest. The counterparties in repurchase agreements are typically
broker-dealers and banks, and the safety of the arrangement is dependent on, among other things,
U.S. Treasury Funds having an interest in the security that can be realized in the event of the
insolvency of the counterparty.
In addition to Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations, U.S. Treasury Fund also may invest in other
fixed-income securities that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, such
as guaranteed securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) and the
Federal
-34-
Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). U.S. Treasury Fund also may invest in unaffiliated money
market funds.
U.S. Treasury Fund normally invests in Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations and other fixed-income
securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government with a stated or remaining
maturity of one year or less. This may not be true of Direct U.S. Treasury Obligations purchased
pursuant to repurchase agreements, and, therefore, if the counterparty to the repurchase agreement
defaults, U.S. Treasury Fund may own a security with a stated or remaining maturity of greater than
one year.
Although U.S. Treasury Fund primarily invests in short-term obligations, it is
not
a
money market fund and is not subject to the duration, quality, diversification, and other
requirements applicable to money market funds. In addition, the Manager normally seeks to maintain
an interest rate duration of one year or less for U.S. Treasury Funds portfolio.
In selecting U.S. Treasury securities for U.S. Treasury Funds portfolio, the Manager focuses
primarily on the relative attractiveness of different obligations (such as bonds, notes, or bills),
which can vary depending on the general level of interest rates as well as supply/demand imbalances
and other market conditions.
Other GMO Funds may invest in U.S. Treasury Fund to achieve exposure to U.S. Treasury
securities, to invest cash, and/or to seek to generate a return similar to yields on U.S. Treasury
securities.
U.S. Treasury Funds benchmark is the Citigroup 3 Month Treasury Bill Index, an independently
maintained and published short-term Treasury bill index.
To the extent the Fund invests in U.S. Treasury Fund, it is subject to all of the risks to
which U.S. Treasury Fund is exposed. The principal risks of an investment in U.S. Treasury Fund
include Market Risk Fixed Income Securities, Credit and Counterparty Risk, Focused Investment
Risk, Large Shareholder Risk, Liquidity Risk, Management and Operational Risk, Market Disruption
and Geopolitical Risk, and Fund of Funds Risk. Shareholders of the Fund are indirectly exposed to
these risks, in addition to all risks associated with their investment in the Fund.
FUND CODES
The following chart identifies the ticker, news-media symbol, and CUSIP number for each share class
of the Fund currently being offered (if any).
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Ticker
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Symbol
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CUSIP
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Class II
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362013229
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Class III
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362013211
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Class IV
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362013195
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Class V
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362013187
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Class VI
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362013179
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-35-
GMO TRUST
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders (when available) will contain
additional information about the Funds investments. The Funds annual report (when available)
will contain a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly
affected the Funds performance during its initial fiscal year. The Funds annual and semiannual
reports (when available) will be, and the Funds SAI is, available free of charge by writing to
Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling collect at
1-617-346-7646. The SAI contains more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by
reference into this Prospectus, which means that it is legally considered to be part of this
Prospectus.
You can review and copy the Prospectus, SAI, and reports (when available) at the SECs Public
Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference
Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the
Fund are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies
of this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at
the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the
SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written
communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief
Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
DISTRIBUTOR
Funds Distributor, LLC
10 High Street
Suite 302
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
GMO TRUST
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
August 2, 2010
GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund
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Class II:
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Class III:
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Class IV:
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Class V:
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Class VI:
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This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus. It relates to the Prospectus for GMO
Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund (the Fund) dated August 2, 2010, as amended and revised from
time to time thereafter (the Prospectus), and should be read in conjunction therewith.
Information from the Prospectus is, and (when available) information from the annual report to
shareholders of the Fund will be, incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional
Information. The Prospectus and the annual report to shareholders (when available) of the Fund may
be obtained free of charge from GMO Trust (the Trust), 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts
02110, or by calling the Trust collect at 1-617-346-7646.
Table of Contents
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79
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79
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80
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80
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A-1
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B-1
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2
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective and principal strategies of, and risks of investing in, the Fund are
described in the Prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or this Statement of
Additional Information, the investment objective and policies of the Fund may be changed without
shareholder approval.
FUND INVESTMENTS
The following list indicates the types of investments that the Fund is generally permitted (but not
required) to make. The Fund may, however, make other types of investments, provided the
investments are consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies and the Funds
investment restrictions do not expressly prohibit it from so doing.
Investors should note that, when used in this Statement of Additional Information, the term
invest includes both direct investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes
both direct investments and indirect investments. For instance, the Fund may invest indirectly or
make indirect investments by investing in another investment company, including other series of the
Trust (each series of the Trust (including the Fund), a GMO Fund, and collectively, the GMO
Funds), or in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the
underlying asset. Accordingly, the following list indicates the types of investments that the Fund
is directly or indirectly permitted to make.
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U.S. Equity Securities
1
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Foreign InvestmentsForeign Issuers
2
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Foreign InvestmentsForeign Issuers (Traded on U.S. Exchanges)
2
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Foreign InvestmentsEmerging Countries
2
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Securities Lending
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Depositary Receipts
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Convertible Securities
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Preferred Stocks
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Warrants and Rights
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Non-Standard Warrants (LEPOs and P-Notes)
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Options and Futures
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Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts
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Foreign Currency Transactions
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Repurchase Agreements
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Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities
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Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesLong and Medium Term Corporate & Government Bonds
3
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Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesShort-Term Corporate & Government Bonds
3
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Cash and Other High Quality Investments
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U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities
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Real Estate Investment Trusts and other Real Estate-Related Investments
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Below Investment Grade Securities
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Indexed Securities
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Structured Notes
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Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities
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Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
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Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited
Opportunities
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Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments
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Investments in Other Investment CompaniesShares of Other GMO Trust Funds
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1
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Footnotes to Fund Investments List
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1
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For more information, see, among other sections, Description of Principal
RisksMarket RiskEquity Securities in the Prospectus.
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2
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For more information, see, among other sections, Description of Principal
RisksForeign Investment Risk in the Prospectus and Descriptions and Risks of Fund
InvestmentsRisks of Foreign Investments herein.
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3
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For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund
InvestmentsU.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities herein.
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(
Note
: Some of the footnotes to the above charts refer investors to various risks
described in the Description of Principal Risks section of the Prospectus for more information
relating to a particular type of investment listed in the charts. The presence of such a risk
cross reference for a particular Fund investment is not intended to indicate that such risk is a
principal risk of the Fund, and instead is intended to provide more information regarding the risks
associated with the particular investment. Please refer to the Fund Summary and Description of
Principal Risks sections of the Prospectus for a list of the Funds principal risks.)
|
DESCRIPTIONS AND RISKS OF FUND INVESTMENTS
The following is a description of investment practices in which the Fund may engage and the risks
associated with their use. The Fund is indirectly exposed to the investment practices of the GMO
Funds or other investment companies in which it invests (the underlying funds), and is therefore
subject to all risks associated with the practices of the underlying funds.
UNLESS OTHERWISE
NOTED HEREIN, THE INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS DETAILED BELOW ALSO INCLUDE THOSE TO
WHICH THE FUND INDIRECTLY MAY BE EXPOSED THROUGH ITS INVESTMENT IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS. ANY
REFERENCES TO INVESTMENTS MADE BY THE FUND INCLUDE THOSE THAT MAY BE MADE BOTH DIRECTLY BY THE FUND
AND INDIRECTLY BY THE FUND (E.G., THROUGH ITS INVESTMENTS IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS OR THROUGH ITS
INVESTMENTS IN DERIVATIVES OR SYNTHETIC INSTRUMENTS).
Portfolio Turnover
Based on Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLCs (GMO or the Manager) assessment of market
conditions, the Manager may trade the Funds investments more frequently at some times than at
others, resulting in a higher portfolio turnover rate. Increased portfolio turnover involves
correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne
directly by the Fund and which may adversely affect the Funds performance. It also may give rise
to additional taxable income for its shareholders, including through the realization of capital
gains or other types of income that are taxable to Fund shareholders when distributed by the Fund
to them, unless those shareholders are themselves exempt from taxation or otherwise investing in
the Fund through a tax-advantaged account. If portfolio turnover results in the recognition of
short-term capital gains, those gains typically are taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax
rates. The after-tax impact of portfolio turnover is not considered when making investment
decisions for the Fund. See Distributions and Taxes in the Prospectus and Distributions and
Taxes in this Statement of Additional Information for more information.
2
Non-Diversified Portfolios
Funds that are diversified funds are required to satisfy the diversified fund requirements under
the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). At least 75% of the value of a
diversified funds total assets must be represented by cash and cash items (including receivables),
government securities, securities of other investment companies, and other securities that for the
purposes of this calculation are limited in respect of any one issuer to not greater than 5% of the
value of the funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any
single issuer.
As stated in the Prospectus, the Fund is non-diversified under the 1940 Act and is not required
to satisfy the requirements for diversified funds. A non-diversified fund is permitted (but is not
required) to invest a higher percentage of its assets in the securities of fewer issuers. That
concentration could increase the risk of loss to the Fund resulting from a decline in the market
value of particular portfolio securities. Investment in a non-diversified fund may entail greater
risks than investment in a diversified fund.
The Fund, regardless of whether it is non-diversified, must meet diversification standards to
qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the Code). See Taxes below for a description of these diversification standards.
Risks of Foreign Investments
General.
Investment in foreign issuers or securities principally traded outside the United States
may involve special risks due to foreign economic, political, and legal developments, including
favorable or unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations
(including currency blockage), expropriation, nationalization or confiscatory taxation of assets,
and possible difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against foreign entities. The Fund
may be subject to foreign taxation on realized capital gains, dividends or interest payable on
foreign securities, on transactions in those securities, or otherwise on the repatriation of
proceeds generated from those securities. Transaction-based charges are generally calculated as a
percentage of the transaction amount and are paid upon the sale or transfer of portfolio securities
subject to such taxes. Issuers of foreign securities are subject to different, often less
comprehensive, accounting, custody, reporting, and disclosure requirements than U.S. issuers. The
securities of some foreign governments, companies, and securities markets are less liquid, and at
times more volatile, than comparable U.S. securities and securities markets. Foreign brokerage
commissions and related fees also are generally higher than in the United States. The Fund also
may be affected by different custody and/or settlement practices or delayed settlements in some
foreign markets. The laws of some foreign countries may limit the Funds ability to invest in
securities of certain issuers located in those countries. Special tax considerations also apply to
investments in securities of foreign issuers and securities principally traded outside the United
States.
Foreign countries may have reporting requirements with respect to the ownership of securities, and
those reporting requirements may be subject to interpretation or change without prior notice to
investors. While the Fund makes reasonable efforts to stay informed of foreign reporting
requirements relating to the Funds foreign portfolio securities (e.g., through the Funds
3
brokerage contacts, publications of the Investment Company Institute, which is the national
association of U.S. investment companies, the Funds custodial network, and, to the extent deemed
appropriate by the Fund under the circumstances, local counsel in the relevant foreign country), no
assurance can be given that the Fund will satisfy applicable foreign reporting requirements at all
times.
Emerging Countries.
The risks described above apply to an even greater extent to investments in
emerging countries. The securities markets of emerging countries are generally smaller, less
developed, less liquid, and more volatile than the securities markets of the United States and
developed foreign countries, and disclosure and regulatory standards in many respects are less
stringent. In addition, the securities markets of emerging countries are typically subject to a
lower level of monitoring and regulation. Government enforcement of existing securities
regulations is limited, and any such enforcement may be arbitrary and the results may be difficult
to predict. In addition, reporting requirements of emerging countries with respect to the
ownership of securities are more likely to be subject to interpretation or changes without prior
notice to investors than more developed countries.
Many emerging countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of
inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have negative effects on such countries economies and securities markets.
Economies of emerging countries generally are heavily dependent on international trade and,
accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed
or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. Economies of emerging countries also have
been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which
they trade. The economies of emerging countries may be predominantly based on only a few
industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities. In many cases, governments of
emerging countries continue to exercise significant control over their economies, and government
actions relative to the economy, as well as economic developments generally, may affect the
capacity of creditors in those countries to make payments on their debt obligations, regardless of
their financial condition.
Custodial services are often more expensive and other investment-related costs higher in emerging
countries than in developed countries, which could reduce the Funds income from investments in
securities or debt instruments of emerging country issuers.
Emerging countries are more likely than developed countries to experience political uncertainty and
instability, including the risk of war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of
funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that affect U.S. investments in these countries.
No assurance can be given that adverse political changes will not cause the Fund to suffer a loss
of any or all of its investments (or, in the case of fixed-income securities, interest) in emerging
countries.
4
Special Risks of Investing in Asian Securities.
The economies of Asian countries are at varying
levels of development. Markets of countries whose economies are in the early stages of development
typically exhibit a high concentration of market capitalization and have less trading volume, lower
liquidity, and more volatility that more developed markets. Some Asian countries depend heavily on
foreign trade. The economies of some Asian countries are not diversified and are based on only a
few commodities or industries.
Investments in Asia also are susceptible to social, political, legal, and operational risks. Some
countries have authoritarian or relatively unstable governments. Some governments in the region
provide less supervision and regulation of their financial markets and in some countries less
financial information is available than is typical of more developed markets. Some Asian countries
restrict direct foreign investment in securities markets, and investments in securities traded on
those markets may be made, if at all, only indirectly (e.g., through Depositary Receipts, as
defined below under Depositary Receipts, derivatives, etc.).
Asian countries periodically experience increases in market volatility and declines in foreign
currency exchange rates. Currency fluctuations affect the value of securities because the prices
of these securities are generally denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates can also affect a countrys or companys ability to service
its debt.
Investment in particular Asian countries is subject to unique risks, yet the political and economic
prospects of one country or group of countries can affect other countries in the region. For
example, the economies of some Asian countries are directly affected by Japanese capital investment
in the region and by Japanese consumer demands. In addition, a recession, a debt crisis, or a
decline in currency valuation in one Asian country may spread to other Asian countries.
Special Risks of Investing in Russian Securities.
The Fund may invest directly in the securities
of Russian issuers. Investment in those securities presents many of the same risks as investing in
the securities of emerging country issuers, as described in the preceding sections. The social,
political, legal, and operational risks of investing in Russian issuers, and of having assets held
in custody within Russia, however, may be particularly pronounced relative to investments in more
developed countries. Russias system of share registration and custody creates certain risks of
loss (including the risk of total loss) that are not normally associated with investments in other
securities markets.
A risk of particular note with respect to direct investment in Russian securities results from the
way in which ownership of shares of companies is normally recorded. Ownership of shares (except
where shares are held through depositories that meet the requirements of the 1940 Act) is defined
according to entries in the companys share register and normally evidenced by share extracts
from the register or, in certain circumstances, by formal share certificates. However, there is no
central registration system for shareholders and these services are carried out by the companies
themselves or by registrars located throughout Russia. The share registrars are controlled by the
issuer of the security, and investors are provided with few legal rights against such registrars.
These registrars are not necessarily subject to effective state supervision nor are
5
they licensed with any governmental entity. It is possible for the Fund to lose its registration
through fraud, negligence or even mere oversight. The Fund will endeavor to ensure that its
interest is appropriately recorded, which may involve a custodian or other agent inspecting the
share register and obtaining extracts of share registers through regular confirmations. However,
these extracts have no legal enforceability and it is possible that a subsequent illegal amendment
or other fraudulent act may deprive the Fund of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its
interests. In addition, while applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for
losses resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce any rights it may
have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the event of a loss of share
registration.
Also, although a Russian public enterprise having a certain minimum number of shareholders is
required by law to contract out the maintenance of its shareholder register to an independent
entity that meets certain criteria, this regulation has not always been strictly enforced in
practice. Because of this lack of independence, management of a company may be able to exert
considerable influence over who can purchase and sell the companys shares by illegally instructing
the registrar to refuse to record transactions in the share register. In addition, in recent
years, so-called financial-industrial groups have emerged that seek to deter outside investors
from interfering in the management of the companies they control. These practices may prevent the
Fund from investing in the securities of certain Russian companies deemed suitable by the Manager.
Further, this also could cause a delay in the sale of Russian securities held by the Fund if a
particular purchaser is deemed unsuitable, exposing the Fund to potential loss on the investment.
Securities Lending
The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities amounting to not more than one-third of
its total assets. For these purposes, total assets include the proceeds of such loans. Securities
loans are made to broker-dealers that the Manager believes to be of relatively high credit standing
pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans be collateralized by cash, liquid securities, or
shares of other investment companies with a value at least equal to the market value of the loaned
securities (marked to market daily). If a loan is collateralized by U.S. government or other
securities, the Fund receives a fee from the borrower. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the
Fund typically invests the cash collateral for its own account in one or more money market funds
(in which case the Fund will bear its pro rata share of such money market funds fees and
expenses), or directly in interest-bearing, short-term securities, and typically pays a fee to the
borrower that normally represents a portion of the Funds earnings on the collateral. As with
other extensions of credit, the Fund bears the risk of delay in the recovery of loaned securities
and of loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. The Fund also bears
the risk that the value of investments made with collateral may decline.
Voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower. The
Fund has the right to call loans at any time on reasonable notice and will do so if both (i) the
Manager receives adequate notice of a proposal upon which shareholders are being asked to vote, and
(ii) the Manager believes that the benefits to the Fund of voting on such proposal outweigh the
benefits to the Fund of having the security remain out on loan. However, the Fund bears the risk
of delay in the return of the security, impairing the Funds ability to vote on such matters. The
Manager has retained lending agents on behalf of the Fund that are compensated
6
based on a percentage of the Funds return on its securities lending. The Fund may also pay
various fees in connection with securities loans, including shipping fees and custodian fees.
See Taxes below for a discussion regarding the eligibility of substitute payments received by the
Fund under a securities loan for certain types of tax preferred treatment (e.g., for the
corporate-dividends-received deduction, or as qualified dividend income for taxable years
beginning before January 1, 2011).
Depositary Receipts
The Fund may invest in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), and
European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) (collectively, Depositary Receipts). Depositary Receipts
generally evidence an ownership interest in a foreign security on deposit with a financial
institution. Transactions in Depositary Receipts usually do not settle in the same currency in
which the underlying foreign securities are denominated or traded. Generally, ADRs are designed
for use in the U.S. securities markets and EDRs are designed for use in European securities
markets. GDRs may be traded in any public or private securities market and may represent
securities held by institutions located anywhere in the world.
Convertible Securities
A convertible security is a security (a bond or preferred stock) that may be converted at a stated
price within a specified period into a specified number of shares of common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in a corporations capital
structure, but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer. Convertible
securities provide holders, through their conversion feature, an opportunity to participate in
increases in the market price of their underlying securities. The price of a convertible security
is influenced by the market price of the underlying security, and tends to increase as the market
price rises and decrease as the market price declines. The Manager regards convertible securities
as a form of equity security.
Preferred Stocks
Preferred stocks include convertible and non-convertible preferred and preference stocks that are
senior to common stock. Preferred stocks are equity securities that are senior to common stock
with respect to the right to receive dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from the
issuers liquidation. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional
liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of the issuers common stock, and thus represent
an ownership interest in the issuer. Depending on the features of the particular security, holders
of preferred stock may bear the risks disclosed in the Prospectus or this Statement of Additional
Information regarding equity or fixed income securities.
Warrants and Rights
The Fund may purchase or otherwise receive warrants or rights. Warrants and rights generally give
the holder the right to receive, upon exercise, a security of the issuer at a stated price. The
Fund typically uses warrants and rights in a manner similar to its use of options on securities, as
7
described in Options and Futures below. Risks associated with the use of warrants and rights are
generally similar to risks associated with the use of options. Unlike most options, however,
warrants and rights are issued in specific amounts, and warrants generally have longer terms than
options. Warrants and rights are not likely to be as liquid as exchange-traded options backed by a
recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of warrants or rights may limit the Funds
ability to exercise the warrants or rights at such time, or in such quantities, as the Fund would
otherwise wish.
Non-Standard Warrants.
From time to time, the Fund may use non-standard warrants, including low
exercise price warrants or low exercise price options (LEPOs) and participatory notes
(P-Notes), to gain exposure to issuers in certain countries. LEPOs are different from standard
warrants in that they do not give their holders the right to receive a security of the issuer upon
exercise. Rather, LEPOs pay the holder the difference in price of the underlying security between
the date the LEPO was purchased and the date it is sold. P-Notes are a type of equity-linked
derivative that generally are traded over-the-counter and constitute general unsecured contractual
obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them. Generally, banks and broker-dealers
associated with non-U.S.-based brokerage firms buy securities listed on certain foreign exchanges
and then issue P-Notes which are designed to replicate the performance of certain issuers and
markets. The performance results of P-Notes will not replicate exactly the performance of the
issuers or markets that the notes seek to replicate due to transaction costs and other expenses.
The return on a P-Note that is linked to a particular underlying security generally is increased to
the extent of any dividends paid in connection with the underlying security. However, the holder
of a P-Note typically does not receive voting or other rights as it would if it directly owned the
underlying security, and P-Notes present similar risks to investing directly in the underlying
security. Additionally, LEPOs and P-Notes entail the same risks as other over-the-counter
derivatives. These include the risk that the counterparty or issuer of the LEPO or P-Note may not
be able to fulfill its obligations, that the holder and counterparty or issuer may disagree as to
the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as
expected. See Description of Principal RisksDerivatives Risk and Credit and Counterparty
Risk in the Prospectus and Uses of Derivatives below. Additionally, while LEPOs or P-Notes may
be listed on an exchange, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist or that the
counterparty or issuer of a LEPO or P-Note will be willing to repurchase such instrument when the
Fund wishes to sell it.
Options and Futures
The Fund uses options and futures for various purposes, including for investment purposes and as a
means to hedge other investments. (See Uses of Derivatives below for more information regarding
the various derivatives strategies the Fund may employ using options and futures.) The use of
options contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts involves risk. Thus, while
the Fund may benefit from the use of options, futures, and options on futures, unanticipated
changes in interest rates, securities prices, currency exchange rates, or other underlying assets
or reference rates may adversely affect the Funds performance.
Options on Securities and Indices.
The Fund may purchase and sell put and call options on equity
or other securities or indices in standardized exchange-traded contracts. An option on a security
or index is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the
8
right (but not the obligation) to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a
put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index
underlying the option) at a specified price. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on a security
has the obligation to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price or to pay
the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. Upon exercise, the writer of an
option on an index is required to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the
exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option.
Purchasing Options on Securities and Indices.
Among other reasons, the Fund may purchase a put
option to hedge against a decline in the value of a portfolio security. If such a decline occurs,
the put option will permit the Fund to sell the security at the higher exercise price or to close
out the option at a profit. By using put options in this manner, the Fund will reduce any profit
it might otherwise have realized in the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for
the put option and by its transaction costs. In order for a put option purchased by the Fund to be
profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the
exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund and transaction costs.
Among other reasons, the Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price
of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing in the future. If such a price increase occurs, a
call option will permit the Fund to purchase the securities at the exercise price or to close out
the option at a profit. The premium paid for the call option, plus any transaction costs, will
reduce the benefit, if any, that the Fund realizes upon exercise of the option and, unless the
price of the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Fund.
Thus, for a call option purchased by the Fund to be profitable, the market price of the underlying
security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund to
the writer and transaction costs.
In the case of both call and put options, the purchaser of an option risks losing the premium paid
for the option plus related transaction costs if the option expires worthless.
Writing Options on Securities and Indices.
Because the Fund receives a premium for writing a put
or call option, the Fund may seek to increase its return by writing call or put options on
securities or indices. The premium the Fund receives for writing an option will increase the
Funds return in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The size
of the premium the Fund receives reflects, among other things, the relationship of the market price
and volatility of the underlying security or index to the exercise price of the option, the
remaining term of the option, supply and demand, and interest rates.
The Fund may write a call option on a security or other instrument held by the Fund (commonly known
as writing a covered call option). In such case, the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from
an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option.
Alternatively, the Fund may write a call option on securities in which it may invest but that are
not currently held by the Fund. During periods of declining securities prices or when prices are
stable, writing these types of call options can be a profitable strategy to increase the Funds
income with minimal capital risk. However, when securities prices increase, the Fund is exposed to
an increased risk of loss, because if the price of the underlying security or instrument
9
exceeds the options exercise price, the Fund will suffer a loss equal to the amount by which the
market price exceeds the exercise price at the time the call option is exercised, minus the premium
received. Calls written on securities that the Fund does not own are riskier than calls written on
securities owned by the Fund because there is no underlying security held by the Fund that can act
as a partial hedge. When such a call is exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying security
to meet its call obligation or make a payment equal to the value of its obligation in order to
close out the option. Calls written on securities that the Fund does not own have speculative
characteristics and the potential for loss is unlimited. There is also a risk, especially with
less liquid preferred and debt securities, that the securities may not be available for purchase.
The Fund also may write a put option on a security. In so doing, the Fund assumes the risk that it
may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than its
then-current market price, resulting in a loss on exercise equal to the amount by which the market
price of the security is below the exercise price minus the premium received.
OTC Options
. The Fund may also invest in over-the-counter (OTC) options. OTC options differ
from exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts, with price and other terms
negotiated between the buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as
exchange-traded options.
Closing Options Transactions
.
The holder of an option may terminate its position in a put or call
option it has purchased by allowing it to expire or by exercising the option. If an option is
American style, it may be exercised on any day up to its expiration date. In contrast, a European
style option may be exercised only on its expiration date.
In addition, a holder of an option may terminate its obligation prior to the options expiration by
effecting an offsetting closing transaction. In the case of exchange-traded options, the Fund, as
a holder of an option, may effect an offsetting closing sale transaction by selling an option of
the same series as the option previously purchased. The Fund realizes a loss from a closing sale
transaction if the premium received from the sale of the option is less than the premium paid to
purchase the option (plus transaction costs). Similarly, if the Fund has written an option, it may
effect an offsetting closing purchase transaction by buying an option of the same series as the
option previously written. The Fund realizes a loss from a closing purchase transaction if the
cost of the closing purchase transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is greater than
the premium received from writing the option. If the Fund desires to sell a security on which it
has written a call option, it will effect a closing purchase prior to or concurrently with the sale
of the security. There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale can be
effected when the Fund desires to do so.
An OTC option may be closed out only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an
offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out
the option with the counterparty.
No guarantee exists that the Fund will be able to effect a closing purchase or a closing sale with
respect to a specific option at any particular time.
10
Risk Factors in Options Transactions.
There are various risks associated with transactions in
exchange-traded and OTC options. The value of options written by the Fund will be affected by many
factors, including changes in the value of underlying securities or indices, changes in the
dividend rates of underlying securities (or in the case of indices, the securities comprising such
indices), changes in interest rates, changes in the actual or perceived volatility of the stock
market and underlying securities, and the remaining time to an options expiration. The value of
an option also may be adversely affected if the market for the option is reduced or becomes less
liquid. In addition, since an American style option allows the holder to exercise its rights any
time prior to expiration of the option, the writer of an American style option has no control over
the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligations as a writer of the option. This risk
is not present when writing a European style option since the holder may only exercise the option
on its expiration date.
The Funds ability to use options as part of its investment programs depends on the liquidity of
the markets in those instruments. In addition, there can be no assurance that a liquid market will
exist when the Fund seeks to close out an option position. If the Fund were unable to close out an
option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to
realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. As the writer of a call option on a
portfolio security, during the options life, the Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from
increases in the market value of the security underlying the call option above the sum of the
premium and the strike price of the call, but retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received)
should the price of the underlying security decline. Similarly, as the writer of a call option on
a securities index, the Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from increases in the index over
the strike price of the option, though it retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received)
should the price of the Funds portfolio securities decline. If the Fund writes a call option and
does not hold the underlying security or instrument, the amount of the Funds potential loss is
theoretically unlimited.
An exchange-traded option may be closed out by means of an offsetting transaction only on a
national securities exchange (Exchange), which provides a secondary market for an option of the
same series. If a liquid secondary market for an exchange-traded option does not exist, the Fund
might not be able to effect an offsetting closing transaction for a particular option. Reasons for
the absence of a liquid secondary market on an Exchange include the following: (i) insufficient
trading interest in some options; (ii) restrictions by an Exchange on opening or closing
transactions, or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions, or other restrictions on particular
classes or series of options or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen interruptions in
normal operations on an Exchange; (v) inability to handle current trading volume; or (vi)
discontinuance of options trading (or trading in a particular class or series of options) (although
outstanding options on an Exchange that were issued by the Options Clearing Corporation should
continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms). In addition, the hours of trading for
options on an Exchange may not conform to the hours during which the securities held by the Fund
are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying
securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that may
not be reflected in the options markets.
11
The Exchanges generally have established limits on the maximum number of options an investor or
group of investors acting in concert may write. The Fund, the Manager, and other clients of the
Manager may constitute such a group. These limits could restrict the Funds ability to purchase or
sell options on a particular security.
An OTC option may be closed out only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an
offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out
the option with the counterparty; however, the exposure to counterparty risk may differ. See Swap
Contracts and Other Two-Party ContractsRisk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other
Two-Party Contracts below for a discussion of counterparty risk and other risks associated with
investing in OTC options.
The Funds ability to engage in options transactions may be limited by tax considerations.
Currency Options.
The Fund may purchase and sell options on currencies. Options on currencies
possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate in a
similar manner. The Fund may purchase or sell options on currencies. (See Foreign Currency
Transactions below for more information on the Funds use of currency options.)
Futures.
To the extent consistent with applicable law, the Fund may invest in futures contracts
on, among other things, individual equity securities (single stock futures) or other financial
instruments, securities indices, interest rates, and currencies. Futures contracts on securities
indices are referred to herein as Index Futures.
Certain futures contracts are physically settled (i.e., involve the making and taking of delivery
of a specified amount of an underlying security or other asset). For instance, the sale of futures
contracts on foreign currencies or financial instruments creates an obligation of the seller to
deliver a specified quantity of an underlying foreign currency or financial instrument called for
in the contract for a stated price at a specified time. Conversely, the purchase of such futures
contracts creates an obligation of the purchaser to pay for and take delivery of the underlying
foreign currency or financial instrument called for in the contract for a stated price at a
specified time. In some cases, the specific instruments delivered or taken, respectively, on the
settlement date are not determined until on or near that date. That determination is made in
accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the sale or purchase was made. Some futures
contracts are cash settled (rather than physically settled), which means that the purchase price is
subtracted from the current market value of the instrument and the net amount, if positive, is paid
to the purchaser by the seller of the futures contract and, if negative, is paid by the purchaser
to the seller of the futures contract. In particular, Index Futures are agreements pursuant to
which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference
between the value of a securities index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and
the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of a securities
index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of
these securities is made.
12
The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or sale of a security or
option in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, an amount of cash, U.S.
government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to a percentage of the face amount of
the futures contract must be deposited with the broker. This amount is known as initial margin.
The amount of the initial margin is generally set by the market on which the contract is traded
(margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than those on U.S. exchanges).
Subsequent payments to and from the broker, known as variation margin, are made on a daily basis as
the price of the underlying futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the
futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking to the market. For futures
contracts which are cash settled, the Fund may designate or segregate liquid assets in an amount
equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market value of such contract. Prior to the settlement date of
the futures contract, the position may be closed by taking an opposite position. A final
determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid to or
released by the broker, and the purchaser realizes a loss or gain. In addition, a commission is
paid to the broker on each completed purchase and sale.
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities,
currencies or other underlying instrument, in most cases, futures contracts are closed before the
settlement date without the making or taking of delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of
matching futures contracts (i.e., with the same exchange, underlying financial instrument,
currency, or index, and delivery month). If the price of the initial sale exceeds the price of the
offsetting purchase, the seller is paid the difference and realizes a gain. Conversely, if the
price of the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of the initial sale, the seller realizes a loss.
Similarly, a purchase of a futures contract is closed out by selling a corresponding futures
contract. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the original purchase price, the purchaser realizes
a gain, and, if the original purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price, the purchaser
realizes a loss. Any transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.
In the United States, futures contracts are traded only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade
known as contract markets approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), and
must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm that is a member of the
relevant market. The Fund may also purchase futures contracts on foreign exchanges or similar
entities, which are not regulated by the CFTC and may not be subject to the same degree of
regulation as the U.S. contract markets. (See Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures
Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts Traded on Foreign Exchanges below.)
Index Futures.
The Funds purchase and sale of Index Futures is limited to contracts and exchanges
approved by the CFTC. The Fund may close open positions on an exchange on which Index Futures are
traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. In general, all positions that remain
open at the close of business on that day must be settled on the next business day (based on the
value of the relevant index on the expiration day). Additional or different margin requirements as
well as settlement procedures may apply to foreign stock Index Futures.
13
Interest Rate Futures.
The Fund may engage in transactions involving the use of futures on
interest rates. These transactions may be in connection with investments in U.S. government
securities and other fixed income securities.
Currency Futures.
The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts on currencies. (See Foreign
Currency Transactions below for a description of the Funds use of currency futures.)
Options on Futures Contracts.
Options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return
for the premium paid to assume a long position (in the case of a call option) or a short position
(in the case of a put option) in a futures contract at the option exercise price at any time during
the period of the option (in the case of an American style option) or on the expiration date (in
the case of European style option). Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long
position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the
case of a put option, the holder acquires a short position and the writer is assigned the opposite
long position in the futures contract. Accordingly, in the event that an option is exercised, the
parties will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as
payment of initial and variation margin deposits.
The Fund may use options on futures contracts in lieu of writing or buying options directly on the
underlying securities or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to
hedge against a possible decrease in the value of its portfolio securities, the Fund may purchase
put options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling futures contracts.
Similarly, the Fund may hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities the Fund
expects to purchase by purchasing call options or writing put options on futures contracts rather
than purchasing futures contracts. In addition, the Fund may purchase and sell interest rate
options on U.S. Treasury or Eurodollar futures to take a long or short position on interest rate
fluctuations. Options on futures contracts generally operate in the same manner as options
purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. (See Foreign Currency Transactions
below for a description of the Funds use of options on currency futures.)
The Fund also is required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on
futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits may vary depending on the nature of the
underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value
of the option, and other futures positions held by the Fund.
A position in an option on a futures contract may be terminated by the purchaser or seller prior to
expiration by effecting a closing purchase or sale transaction, subject to the availability of a
liquid secondary market, which is the purchase or sale of an option of the same type (i.e., the
same exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously purchased or sold. The
difference between the premiums paid and received represents the Funds profit or loss on the
transaction.
Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions
. Investment in futures contracts involves
risk. A purchase or sale of futures contracts may result in losses in excess of the amount
invested in the futures contract. If a futures contract is used for hedging, an imperfect
correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security,
14
currency, or other investment being hedged creates risk. Correlation is higher when the investment
being hedged underlies the futures contract. Correlation is lower when the investment being hedged
is different than the security, currency, or other investment underlying the futures contract, such
as when a futures contract on an index of securities is used to hedge a single security, a futures
contract on one security (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) is used to hedge a different security, or when
a futures contract in one currency is used to hedge a security denominated in another currency. In
the case of Index Futures and futures on commodity indices, changes in the price of those futures
contracts may not correlate perfectly with price movements in the relevant index due to market
distortions. In the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures position and the portfolio
position (or anticipated position) intended to be hedged, the Fund may realize a loss on the
futures contract at the same time the Fund is realizing a loss on the portfolio position intended
to be hedged. To compensate for imperfect correlations, the Fund may purchase or sell futures
contracts in a greater amount than the hedged investments if the volatility of the price of the
hedged investments is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts.
Conversely, the Fund may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of the price of
the hedged investments is historically less than that of the futures contract. The successful use
of transactions in futures and related options for hedging also depends on the direction and extent
of exchange rate, interest rate and asset price movements within a given time frame. For example,
to the extent equity prices remain stable during the period in which a futures contract or option
is held by the Fund investing in equity securities (or such prices move in a direction opposite to
that anticipated), the Fund may realize a loss on the futures transaction, which is not fully or
partially offset by an increase in the value of its portfolio securities. As a result, the
Funds total return for such period may be less than if it had not engaged in the hedging
transaction.
All participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements.
Instead of meeting margin calls, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting
transactions, which could distort normal correlations. The margin deposit requirements in the
futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, allowing for
more speculators who may cause temporary price distortions. Trading hours for foreign stock Index
Futures may not correspond perfectly to the trading hours of the foreign exchange to which a
particular foreign stock Index Future relates. As a result, the lack of continuous arbitrage may
cause a disparity between the price of foreign stock Index Futures and the value of the relevant
index.
The Fund may purchase futures contracts (or options on them) as an anticipatory hedge against a
possible increase in the price of a currency in which securities the Fund anticipates purchasing is
denominated. In such instances, the currency may instead decline. If the Fund does not then
invest in those securities, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset
by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
The Funds ability to engage in the futures and options on futures strategies described above
depends on the liquidity of the markets in those instruments. Trading interest in various types of
futures and options on futures cannot be predicted. Therefore, no assurance can be given that the
Fund will be able to utilize these instruments at all or that their use will be effective. In
addition, there can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks
to close
15
out a futures or option on a futures contract position, and that Fund would remain obligated to
meet margin requirements until the position is closed. The liquidity of a secondary market in a
futures contract may be adversely affected by daily price fluctuation limits established by
commodity exchanges to limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single
trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached, no trades of the contract may be entered at a
price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. In the past,
prices have exceeded the daily limit on several consecutive trading days. Short (and long)
positions in Index Futures may be closed out only by purchasing (or selling) a futures contract on
the exchange on which the Index Futures are traded.
As discussed above, if the Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, it is only required to
deposit initial and variation margin as required by relevant CFTC regulations and the rules of the
contract market. The Funds net asset value generally will fluctuate with the value of the
security or other instrument underlying a futures contract as if it were already in the Funds
portfolio. Futures transactions can have the effect of investment leverage. Furthermore, if the
Fund combines short and long positions, in addition to possible declines in the values of its
investment securities, the Fund will incur losses if the index underlying the long futures position
underperforms the index underlying the short futures position.
The Funds ability to engage in futures and options on futures transactions may be limited by tax
considerations.
Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts
Traded on Foreign Exchanges.
Options on securities, futures contracts, options on futures
contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not
be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States (which are regulated by
the CFTC) and may be subject to greater risks than trading on domestic exchanges. For example,
some foreign exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a
trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The lack of a common clearing
facility creates counterparty risk. If a counterparty defaults, the Fund normally will have
contractual remedies against that counterparty, but may be unsuccessful in enforcing those
remedies. When seeking to enforce a contractual remedy, the Fund also is subject to the risk that
the parties may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently. If a
dispute occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund to
enforce its contractual rights may lead the Fund to decide not to pursue its claims against the
counterparty. The Fund thus assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it
under foreign futures contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund
has incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, unless the Fund hedges against fluctuations in
the exchange rate between the currencies in which trading is done on foreign exchanges and other
currencies, any profits that the Fund might realize in trading could be offset (or worse) by
adverse changes in the exchange rate. The value of foreign options and futures may also be
adversely affected by other factors unique to foreign investing (see Risks of Foreign Investments
above).
16
Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts
The Fund uses swap contracts (or swaps) and other two-party contracts for the same or similar
purposes as options and futures. (See Uses of Derivatives below for more information regarding
the various derivatives strategies the Fund may employ using swap contracts and other two-party
contracts.)
Swap Contracts.
The Fund may directly or indirectly use various different types of swaps, such as
swaps on securities and securities indices, total return swaps, interest rate swaps, currency
swaps, credit default swaps, variance swaps, inflation swaps, and other types of available swap
agreements. Swap contracts are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional
investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to a number of years. Under a typical swap, one
party may agree to pay a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a specified
instrument, rate, or index, multiplied in each case by a specified amount (notional amount),
while the other party agrees to pay an amount equal to a different floating rate multiplied by the
same notional amount. On each payment date, the parties obligations are netted, with only the net
amount paid by one party to the other.
Swap contracts are typically individually negotiated and structured to provide exposure to a
variety of different types of investments or market factors. Swap contracts may be entered into
for hedging or non-hedging purposes and therefore may increase or decrease the Funds exposure to
the underlying instrument, rate, asset or index. Swaps can take many different forms and are known
by a variety of names. The Fund is not limited to any particular form or variety of swap agreement
if the Manager determines it is consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies.
The Fund may enter into swaps on securities or securities indices. For example, the parties to a
swap contract may agree to exchange returns calculated on a notional amount of a security, basket
of securities, or securities index (e.g., S&P 500 Index). Additionally, the Fund may use total
return swaps, which typically involve commitments to pay amounts computed in the same manner as
interest in exchange for a market-linked return, both based on notional amounts. The Fund may use
such swaps to gain investment exposure to the underlying security or securities where direct
ownership is either not legally possible or is economically unattractive. To the extent the total
return of the security, basket of securities, or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls
short of the offsetting interest rate obligation, the Fund will receive a payment from or make a
payment to the counterparty, respectively.
In addition, the Fund may enter into an interest rate swap in order to protect against declines in
the value of fixed income securities held by the Fund. In such an instance, the Fund may agree
with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the counterparty pay
a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. If interest rates rise, resulting in a
diminution in the value of the Funds portfolio, the Fund would receive payments under the swap
that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value. The Fund may also enter into
swaps to modify its exposure to particular currencies using currency swaps. For instance, the Fund
may enter into a currency swap between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese Yen in order to increase or
decrease its exposure to each such currency.
17
The Fund may use inflation swaps, which involve commitments to pay a regular stream of inflation
indexed cash payments in exchange for receiving a stream of nominal interest payments (or vice
versa), where both payment streams are based on a notional amount. The nominal interest payments
may be based on either a fixed interest rate or variable interest rate, such as LIBOR. Inflation
swaps may be used to hedge the inflation risk in nominal bonds (i.e., non-inflation indexed bonds),
thereby creating synthetic inflation indexed bonds, or combined with U.S. Treasury futures
contracts to create synthetic inflation indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury. See Indexed
Securities Inflation Indexed Bonds below.
In addition, the Fund may directly or indirectly use credit default swaps to take an active long or
short position with respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate (including asset-backed
security) or sovereign issuer of fixed income securities. In a credit default swap, one party
pays, in effect, an insurance premium through a stream of payments to another party in exchange for
the right to receive a specified return in the event of default (or similar events) by one or more
third parties on their obligations. For example, in purchasing a credit default swap, the Fund may
pay a premium in return for the right to put specified bonds or loans to the counterparty, such as
a U.S. or foreign issuer or basket of such issuers, upon issuer default (or similar events) at
their par (or other agreed-upon) value. The Fund, as the purchaser in a credit default swap, bears
the risk that the investment might expire worthless. It also would be subject to counterparty risk
the risk that the counterparty may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund in the
event of a default (or similar event) (see Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other
Two-Party Contracts below). In addition, as a purchaser in a credit default swap, the Funds
investment would only generate income in the event of an actual default (or similar event) by the
issuer of the underlying obligation.
The Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes by selling a credit default
swap, in which case the Fund will receive a premium from its counterparty in return for the Funds
taking on the obligation to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value to the counterparty upon
issuer default (or similar events). As the seller in a credit default swap, the Fund effectively
adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund is
subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If no event of default (or
similar event) occurs, the Fund would keep the premium received from the counterparty and would
have no payment obligations. For credit default swap agreements on asset-backed securities, an
event of default may be triggered by various events, which may include an issuers failure to pay
interest or principal, a breach of a material representation or covenant, an agreement by the
holders of an asset-backed security to a maturity extension, or a write-down on the collateral
underlying the security. For credit default swap agreements on corporate or sovereign issuers, an
event of default may be triggered by such events as the issuers bankruptcy, failure to pay
interest or principal, repudiation/moratorium or restructuring.
The Fund may use variance swap agreements, which involve an agreement by two parties to exchange
cash flows based on the measured variance (or square of volatility) of a specified underlying
asset. One party agrees to exchange a fixed rate or strike price payment for the floating rate
or realized price variance on the underlying asset with respect to the notional amount. At
inception, the strike price chosen is generally fixed at a level such that the fair value of the
swap is zero. As a result, no money changes hands at the initiation of the contract. At the
18
expiration date, the amount paid by one party to the other is the difference between the realized
price variance of the underlying asset and the strike price multiplied by the notional amount. A
receiver of the realized price variance would receive a payment when the realized price variance of
the underlying asset is greater than the strike price and would make a payment when that variance
is less than the strike price. A payer of the realized price variance would make a payment when the
realized price variance of the underlying asset is greater than the strike price and would receive
a payment when that variance is less than the strike price. This type of agreement is essentially a
forward contract on the future realized price variance of the underlying asset.
Contracts for Differences.
Contracts for differences are swap arrangements in which the parties
agree that their return (or loss) will be based on the relative performance of two different groups
or baskets of securities. Often, one or both baskets will be an established securities index. The
Funds return will be based on changes in value of theoretical long futures positions in the
securities comprising one basket (with an aggregate face value equal to the notional amount of the
contract for differences) and theoretical short futures positions in the securities comprising the
other basket. The Fund also may use actual long and short futures positions and achieve similar
market exposure by netting the payment obligations of the two contracts. The Fund will only enter
into contracts for differences (and analogous futures positions) when the Manager believes that the
basket of securities constituting the long position will outperform the basket constituting the
short position. If the short basket outperforms the long basket, the Fund will realize a loss
even in circumstances when the securities in both the long and short baskets appreciate in value.
Interest Rate Caps, Floors, and Collars.
The Fund uses interest rate caps, floors, and collars for
the same or similar purposes as it uses interest rate futures contracts and related options and, as
a result, will be subject to similar risks. See Options and FuturesRisk Factors in Options
Transactions and Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions above. Like interest
rate swap contracts, interest rate caps, floors, and collars are two-party agreements in which the
parties agree to pay or receive interest on a notional principal amount. The purchaser of an
interest rate cap receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a
specified index exceeds a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate floor
receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls
below a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate collar receives interest
payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls outside the range
of two specified interest rates.
Swaptions
.
An option on a swap agreement, also called a swaption, is an OTC option that gives
the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a specified future date in
exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to
receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index (such as a call option on a
bond). A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset,
reference rate, or index (such as a put option on a bond). Swaptions also include options that
allow one of the counterparties to terminate or extend an existing swap.
19
Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts
.
The Fund may only
close out a swap, contract for differences, cap, floor, collar, or OTC option (including swaption)
with its particular counterparty, and may only transfer a position with the consent of that
counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can
be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the
Fund will be able to enforce its rights. For example, because the contract for each OTC
derivatives transaction is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the Fund is
subject to the risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of
default) differently than the Fund. The cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings
required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its
claims against the counterparty. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to
obtain payments the Manager believes are owed to it under an OTC derivatives contract or that those
payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation.
The credit rating of a counterparty may be adversely affected by larger-than-average volatility in
the markets, even if the counterpartys net market exposure is small relative to its capital.
The Funds ability to enter into these transactions may be affected by tax considerations.
Additional Risk Factors in OTC Derivatives Transactions.
Among other trading agreements, the Fund
is party to International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreements (ISDA
Agreements) or other similar types of agreements with select counterparties that generally govern
over-the-counter derivative transactions entered into by the Fund. The ISDA Agreements typically
include representations and warranties as well as contractual terms related to collateral, events
of default, termination events, and other provisions. Termination events may include the decline in
the net assets of the Fund below a certain level over a specified period of time and entitle a
counterparty to elect to terminate early with respect to some or all the transactions under the
ISDA Agreement with that counterparty. Such an election by one or more of the counterparties could
have a material adverse impact on the Funds operations.
Additional Regulatory Limitations on the Use of Futures and Related Options, Interest Rate Floors,
Caps and Collars, Certain Types of Swap Contracts and Related Instruments
.
The Fund has claimed an
exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act and,
therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under that
Act.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are
determined by the forces of supply and demand in the currency exchange markets, the relative merits
of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, and other
complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably as a result of
intervention (or the failure to intervene) by the U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or
by currency controls or political and economic developments in the U.S. or abroad. Currencies in
which the Funds assets are denominated may be devalued against other currencies, resulting in a
loss to the Fund.
20
The Fund is permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies and may buy or sell
foreign currencies or deal in forward foreign currency contracts, currency futures contracts and
related options, and options on currencies. The Fund may use such currency instruments for
hedging, investment, and/or currency risk management. Currency risk management may include taking
overweighted or underweighted currency positions relative to the securities portfolio of the Fund
and the Funds performance index. The Fund also may purchase forward foreign exchange contracts in
conjunction with U.S. dollar-denominated securities in order to create a synthetic foreign
currency-denominated security that approximates desired risk and return characteristics when the
non-synthetic securities either are not available in foreign markets or possess undesirable
characteristics.
Forward foreign currency contracts are contracts between two parties to purchase and sell a
specified quantity of a particular currency at a specified price, with delivery and settlement to
take place on a specified future date. A forward foreign currency contract can reduce the Funds
exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will deliver and can increase its exposure to
changes in the value of the currency it will receive for the duration of the contract. The effect
on the value of the Fund is similar to the effect of selling securities denominated in one currency
and purchasing securities denominated in another currency. Contracts to sell a particular foreign
currency would limit any potential gain that might be realized by the Fund if the value of the
hedged currency increases. In addition, it is not always possible to hedge fully or perfectly
against currency fluctuations affecting the value of the securities denominated in foreign
currencies because the value of such securities also is likely to fluctuate because of independent
factors not related to currency fluctuations. If a forward foreign currency contract is used for
hedging, an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the forward foreign currency
contract and the price of the currency or other investment being hedged creates risk.
The Fund also may purchase or sell currency futures contracts and related options. Currency
futures contracts are contracts to buy or sell a standard quantity of a particular currency at a
specified future date and price. However, currency futures can be and often are closed out prior
to delivery and settlement. In addition, the Fund may use options on currency futures contracts,
which give their holders the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option)
or sell (in the case of a put option) a specified currency futures contract at a fixed price during
a specified period. (See Options and FuturesFutures above for more information on futures
contracts and options on futures contracts).
The Fund also may purchase or sell options on currencies. These give their holders the right, but
not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a
specified quantity of a particular currency at a fixed price during a specified period. Options on
currencies possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate
in a similar manner. They may be traded on an exchange or in the OTC markets. Options on
currencies traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits, which may limit the
ability of the Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using options. (See Options and
FuturesCurrency Options above for more information on currency options).
21
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers. A repurchase
agreement is a contract under which the Fund acquires a security (usually an obligation of the
government in the jurisdiction where the transaction is initiated or in whose currency the
agreement is denominated) for a relatively short period (usually less than a week) for cash and
subject to the commitment of the seller to repurchase the security for an agreed-upon price on a
specified date. The repurchase price exceeds the acquisition price and reflects an agreed-upon
market rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Repurchase agreements afford
the Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash without market risk,
although the Fund does run the risk of a sellers defaulting on its obligation to pay the
repurchase price when it is required to do so. Such a default may subject the Fund to expenses,
delays, and risks of loss including: (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security
while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of
access to income during this period, and (iii) the inability to enforce its rights and the expenses
involved in attempted enforcement. Entering into repurchase agreements entails certain risks,
which include the risk that the counterparty to the repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill
its obligations, as discussed above, that the parties may disagree as to the meaning or application
of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected. See Description of
Principal RisksCredit and Counterparty Risk in the Prospectus.
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Generally
Debt and other fixed income securities include fixed and floating rate securities of any maturity.
Fixed rate securities pay a specified rate of interest or dividends. Floating rate securities pay
a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to a specified index or market rate. Fixed and
floating rate securities include securities issued by federal, state, local, and foreign
governments and related agencies, and by a wide range of private issuers, and generally are
referred to in this Statement of Additional Information as fixed income securities. Indexed
bonds are a type of fixed income security whose principal value and/or interest rate is adjusted
periodically according to a specified instrument, index, or other statistic (e.g., another
security, inflation index or currency). See Indexed Securities below.
Holders of fixed income securities are exposed to both market and credit risk. Market risk (or
interest rate risk) relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest
rates. In general, the values of fixed income securities increase when interest rates fall and
decrease when interest rates rise. Credit risk relates to the ability of an issuer to make
payments of principal and interest. Obligations of issuers are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency
and other laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. Fixed income securities
denominated in
foreign currencies also are subject to the risk of a decline in the value of the denominating
currency.
Because interest rates vary, the future income of the Fund cannot be predicted with certainty. To
the extent the Fund invests in indexed securities, the future income of the Fund also will be
affected by changes in those securities indices over time (e.g., changes in inflation rates or
currency rates).
22
Cash and Other High Quality Investments
The Fund may temporarily invest a portion of its assets in cash or cash items pending other
investments or to maintain liquid assets required in connection with some of the Funds
investments. These cash items and other high quality debt securities may include money market
instruments, such as securities issued by the United States Government and its agencies, bankers
acceptances, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit.
U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities
U.S. government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its
authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities. Foreign government securities include securities
issued or guaranteed by foreign governments (including political subdivisions) or their
authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities or by supra-national agencies. Different kinds of U.S.
government securities and foreign government securities have different kinds of government support.
For example, some U.S. government securities (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) are supported by the full
faith and credit of the United States. Other U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed
by federal agencies or government-chartered or -sponsored enterprises but are neither guaranteed
nor insured by the U.S. government (e.g., debt securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home
Loan Banks (FHLBs)). Similarly, some foreign government securities are supported by the full
faith and credit of a foreign national government or political subdivision and some are not.
Foreign government securities of some countries may involve varying degrees of credit risk as a
result of financial or political instability in those countries or the possible inability of the
Fund to enforce its rights against the foreign government. As with issuers of other fixed income
securities, sovereign issuers may be unable or unwilling to make timely principal or interest
payments.
Supra-national agencies are agencies whose member nations make capital contributions to support the
agencies activities. Examples include the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(the World Bank), the Asian Development Bank, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the
Inter-American Development Bank.
As with other fixed income securities, U.S. government securities and foreign government securities
expose their holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates
fluctuate. For example, the value of U.S. government securities or foreign government securities
may fall during times of rising interest rates. Yields on U.S. government securities and foreign
government securities tend to be lower than those of corporate securities of comparable maturities.
Generally, when interest rates on short term U.S. Treasury obligations equal or approach zero, a
fund that invests a substantial portion of its assets in U.S. Treasury obligations will have a
negative return unless the funds investment manager waives or reduces its management fees.
In addition to investing directly in U.S. government securities and foreign government securities,
the Fund may purchase certificates of accrual or similar instruments evidencing undivided ownership
interests in interest payments and/or principal payments of U.S. government securities and foreign
government securities. The Fund may also invest in Separately Traded Registered
23
Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS), which are interests in separately traded interest and
principal component parts of U.S. Treasury obligations that represent future interest payments,
principal payments, or both, are direct obligations of the U.S. government, and are transferable
through the federal reserve book-entry system. Certificates of accrual and similar instruments may
be more volatile than other government securities.
Real Estate Investment Trusts and other Real Estate-Related Investments
The Fund may invest in pooled real estate investment vehicles (so-called real estate investment
trusts or REITs) and other real estate-related investments such as securities of companies
principally engaged in the real estate industry. In addition to REITs, companies in the real
estate industry and real estate-related investments may include, for example, entities that either
own properties or make construction or mortgage loans, real estate developers, and companies with
substantial real estate holdings. Each of these types of investments is subject to risks similar
to those associated with direct ownership of real estate. Factors affecting real estate values
include the supply of real property in particular markets, changes in zoning laws, delays in
completion of construction, changes in real estate values, changes in property taxes, levels of
occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating expenses, and local and regional market conditions.
The value of real-estate related investments also may be affected by changes in interest rates,
macroeconomic developments, and social and economic trends.
REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest in real estate or real estate-related companies.
The Fund may invest in different types of REITs, including equity REITs, which own real estate
directly; mortgage REITs, which make construction, development, or long-term mortgage loans; and
hybrid REITs, which share characteristics of equity REITs and mortgage REITs. In general, the
value of a REITs shares changes in light of factors affecting the real estate industry. REITs are
also subject to the risk of fluctuations in income from underlying real estate assets, poor
performance by the REITs manager and inability to manage cash flows generated by the REITs
assets, defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, adverse changes in the tax laws, and, with regard
to U.S. REITs (as defined in Taxes below), the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free
pass-through of income under the Code and/or to maintain exempt status under the 1940 Act. See
Taxes below for a discussion of special tax considerations relating to the Funds investment in
U.S. REITs.
Below Investment Grade Securities
The Fund may invest some or all of its assets in securities or instruments rated below investment
grade (that is, rated below Baa3/P-2 by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or below
BBB-/A-2 by Standard & Poors (S&P) for a particular security/commercial paper, or securities
unrated by Moodys or S&P that are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality to
securities so rated) at the time of purchase, including securities in the lowest rating categories
and comparable unrated securities (Below Investment Grade Securities) (commonly referred to as
junk bonds). In addition, the Fund may hold securities that are downgraded to
below-investment-grade status after the time of purchase by the Fund. Compared to higher quality
fixed income securities, Below Investment Grade Securities offer the potential for higher
investment returns but subject holders to greater credit and market risk. The ability of an issuer
of Below Investment Grade Securities to meet principal and interest payments is considered
24
speculative. The Funds investments in Below Investment Grade Securities are more dependent on the
Managers own credit analysis than its investments in higher quality bonds. The market for Below
Investment Grade Securities may be more severely affected than other financial markets by economic
recession or substantial interest rate increases, changing public perceptions, or legislation that
limits the ability of certain categories of financial institutions to invest in Below Investment
Grade Securities. In addition, the market may be less liquid for Below Investment Grade Securities
than for other types of securities. Reduced liquidity can affect the values of Below Investment
Grade Securities, make their valuation and sale more difficult, and result in greater volatility.
Because Below Investment Grade Securities are difficult to value, particularly during erratic
markets, the values realized on their sale may differ from the values at which they are carried by
the Fund. Some Below Investment Grade Securities in which the Fund invests may be in poor standing
or in default.
Securities in the lowest investment-grade category (BBB or Baa) also have some speculative
characteristics. See Appendix ACommercial Paper and Corporate Debt Ratings for more information
concerning commercial paper and corporate debt ratings.
Indexed Securities
Indexed securities are securities the redemption values and/or coupons of which are indexed to a
specific instrument, group of instruments, index, or other statistic. Indexed securities
typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate
is determined by reference to other securities, securities or inflation indices, currencies or
other financial indicators.
The performance of indexed securities depends on the performance of the security, security index,
inflation index, currency, or other instrument to which they are indexed. Interest rate changes in
the U.S. and abroad also may influence performance. Indexed securities also are subject to the
credit risks of the issuer, and their values are adversely affected by declines in the issuers
creditworthiness.
The Funds investments in certain indexed securities, including inflation indexed bonds, may
generate taxable income in excess of the interest they pay to the Fund, which may cause the Fund to
sell investments to obtain cash to make income distributions to shareholders (including at a time
when it may not be advantageous to do so). See Distributions and Taxes in the Prospectus and
Distributions and Taxes in this Statement of Additional Information.
Currency-Indexed Securities.
Currency-indexed securities have maturity values or interest rates
determined by reference to the values of one or more foreign currencies. Currency-indexed
securities also may have maturity values or interest rates that depend on the values of a number of
different foreign currencies relative to each other.
Inverse Floating Obligations.
Indexed securities in which the Fund may invest include so-called
inverse floating obligations or residual interest bonds on which the interest rates typically
decline as the index or reference rates, typically short-term interest rates, increase and increase
as index or reference rates decline. An inverse floating obligation may have the effect of
investment leverage to the extent that its interest rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the
25
magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest. Generally, leverage will
result in greater price volatility.
Inflation Indexed Bonds.
The Fund may invest in inflation indexed bonds. The Fund may also invest
in futures contracts on inflation indexed bonds. Inflation indexed bonds are fixed income
securities whose principal value is adjusted periodically according to the rate of inflation. Two
structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues
inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI accruals as
part of a semiannual coupon.
Inflation indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury (or TIPS) have maturities of
approximately five, ten or twenty years (thirty year TIPS are no longer offered), although it is
possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. U.S. Treasury
securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the
inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if the Fund purchased an inflation indexed bond
with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and
the rate of inflation over the first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be
$1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If
inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole years inflation equaling 3%,
the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment
would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).
If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation indexed
bonds will be adjusted downward and, consequently, the interest payable on these securities
(calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original
bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of a TIPS, even
during a period of deflation, although the inflation-adjusted principal received could be less than
the inflation-adjusted principal that had accrued to the bond at the time of purchase. However,
the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. The Fund also may
invest in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a
guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity
may be less than the original principal.
The value of inflation indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest
rates. Real interest rates, in turn, are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates
(i.e., stated interest rates) and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises
at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates (i.e. nominal interest rate minus
inflation) might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation indexed bonds. In contrast,
if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise,
leading to a decrease in value of inflation indexed bonds. There can be no assurance, however,
that the value of inflation indexed bonds will be directly correlated to changes in nominal
interest rates, and short term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in their value.
Although inflation indexed bonds protect their holders from long-term inflationary trends,
short-term increases in inflation may result in a decline in value. In addition, inflation indexed
bonds
26
do not protect holders from increases in interest rates due to reasons other than inflation (such
as changes in currency exchange rates).
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The
CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing,
food, transportation, and energy. Inflation indexed bonds issued by a foreign government are
generally adjusted to reflect changes in a comparable inflation index calculated by the foreign
government. No assurance can be given that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will
accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. In addition, no
assurance can be given that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will correlate to the rate
of inflation in the United States.
Coupon payments received by the Fund from inflation indexed bonds are included in the Funds gross
income for the period in which they accrue. In addition, any increase in the principal amount of
an inflation indexed bond constitutes taxable ordinary income to investors in the Fund, even though
principal is not paid until maturity.
Structured Notes
Similar to indexed securities, structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate
or principal of which is determined by reference to changes in the value of a specific asset,
reference rate, or index (the reference) or the relative change in two or more references. The
interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may increase or decrease,
depending upon changes in the reference. The terms of a structured note may provide that, in
certain circumstances, no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, may result in a loss of
invested capital. Structured notes may be indexed positively or negatively, so that appreciation
of the reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the principal
at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rate or the value of the principal at maturity
may be fixed at a specified multiple of the change in the value of the reference, making the value
of the note particularly volatile.
Structured notes may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities
because the investor bears the risk of the reference. Structured notes also may be more volatile,
less liquid, and more difficult to price accurately than less complex securities or more
traditional debt securities.
Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities
The Fund may enter into firm commitments and similar agreements with banks or broker-dealers for
the purchase or sale of securities at an agreed-upon price on a specified future date. For
example, if the Fund invests in fixed-income securities, the Fund may enter into a firm commitment
agreement if the Manager anticipates a decline in interest rates and believes it is able to obtain
a more advantageous future yield by committing currently to purchase securities to be issued later.
When the Fund purchases securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, it is required to
maintain cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid securities in an amount equal to or
greater than, on a daily basis, the amount of the Funds when-issued or delayed-
27
delivery commitments. The Fund generally does not earn income on the securities it has committed
to purchase until after delivery. The Fund may take delivery of the securities or, if deemed
advisable as a matter of investment strategy, may sell the securities before the settlement date.
When payment is due on when-issued or delayed-delivery securities, the Fund makes payment from
then-available cash flow or the sale of securities, or from the sale of the when-issued or
delayed-delivery securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than what the Fund
paid for them).
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements with banks and
brokers to enhance return. Reverse repurchase agreements involve sales by the Fund of portfolio
securities concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the same securities at a later
date at a fixed price. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to
receive principal and interest payments on the securities and also has the opportunity to earn a
return on the collateral furnished by the counterparty to secure its obligation to redeliver the
securities.
Dollar rolls are transactions in which the Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month
and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities
on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund foregoes principal and interest paid
on the securities. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and
the forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the drop) as well as by the
interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
If the Fund enters into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements, it will maintain
cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to its obligations under
those agreements. If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll agreement files
for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Funds use of proceeds from the sale of its securities may
be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines whether to honor the
Funds right to repurchase the securities. Furthermore, in that situation the Fund may be unable
to recover the securities it sold in connection with a reverse repurchase agreement and as a result
would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it
received for them. This loss would be greater to the extent the buyer paid less than the value of
the securities the Fund sold to it (e.g., a buyer may only be willing to pay $95 for a bond with a
market value of $100). Additionally, reverse repurchase agreements entail the same risks as
over-the-counter derivatives. These include the risk that the counterparty to the reverse
repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill its obligations, as discussed above, that the
parties may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument
may not perform as expected. See Description of Principal RisksDerivatives Risk and Credit
and Counterparty Risk in the Prospectus and Uses of Derivatives below. Reverse repurchase
agreements and dollar rolls are not considered borrowings by the Fund for purposes of the Funds
fundamental investment restriction on borrowings.
28
Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited
Opportunities
The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. For this purpose,
illiquid securities are securities that the Fund may not sell or dispose of within seven days in
the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the
securities.
A repurchase agreement maturing in more than seven days is considered illiquid, unless it can be
terminated after a notice period of seven days or less.
The Manager also may deem certain securities to be illiquid as a result of the Managers receipt
from time to time of material, non-public information about an issuer, which may limit the
Managers ability to trade such securities for the account of any of its clients, including the
Fund. In some instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial
period of time.
Private Placements and Restricted Investments.
Illiquid securities include securities of private
issuers, securities traded in unregulated or shallow markets, and securities that are purchased in
private placements and are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Because
relatively few purchasers of these securities may exist, especially in the event of adverse
economic and liquidity conditions or adverse changes in the issuers financial condition, the Fund
may not be able to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in such investments at a
desirable price. Disposing of illiquid securities may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal
expenses, and selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible.
While private placements may offer attractive opportunities not otherwise available in the open
market, the securities purchased are usually restricted securities or are not readily
marketable. Restricted securities cannot be sold without being registered under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), unless they are sold pursuant to an exemption from
registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A). Securities that are not readily marketable are subject
to other legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The Fund may have to bear the expense of
registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting
registration. The Fund selling its securities in a registered offering may be deemed to be an
underwriter for purposes of Section 11 of the 1933 Act. In such event, the Fund may be liable to
purchasers of the securities under Section 11 if the registration statement prepared by the issuer,
or the prospectus forming a part of it, is materially inaccurate or misleading, although the Fund
may have a due diligence defense.
At times, the inability to sell illiquid securities can make it more difficult to determine their
fair value for purposes of computing the Funds net asset value. The judgment of the Manager
normally plays a greater role in valuing these securities than in valuing publicly traded
securities.
IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities
.
The Fund may purchase securities of companies that are
offered pursuant to an initial public offering (IPO) or other similar limited opportunities.
Although companies can be any age or size at the time of their IPO, they are often smaller and have
a limited operating history, which involves a greater potential for the value of their
29
securities to be impaired following the IPO. The price of a companys securities may be highly
unstable at the time of its IPO and for a period thereafter due to factors such as market
psychology prevailing at the time of the IPO, the absence of a prior public market, the small
number of shares available, and limited availability of investor information. Securities purchased
in IPOs have a tendency to fluctuate in value significantly shortly after the IPO relative to the
price at which they were purchased. These fluctuations could impact the net asset value and return
earned on the Funds shares. Investors in IPOs can be adversely affected by substantial dilution
in the value of their shares, by sales of additional shares, and by concentration of control in
existing management and principal shareholders. In addition, all of the factors that affect the
performance of an economy or equity markets may have a greater impact on the shares of IPO
companies. IPO securities tend to involve greater risk due, in part, to public perception and the
lack of publicly available information and trading history.
Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments
Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, the Fund may invest in shares of both open- and
closed-end investment companies (including other GMO Funds, money market funds, and exchange-traded
funds (ETFs)). Investing in another investment company exposes the Fund to all the risks of that
investment company and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the other investment
companys fees and expenses. The Fund also may invest in private investment funds, vehicles, or
structures.
ETFs are hybrid investment companies that are registered as open-end investment companies or unit
investment trusts (UITs) but possess some of the characteristics of closed-end funds. ETFs
typically hold a portfolio of common stocks that is intended to track the price and dividend
performance of a particular index. Common examples of ETFs include S&P Depositary Receipts
(SPDRs) and iShares, which may be purchased from the UIT or investment company issuing the
securities or in the secondary market (SPDRs are listed on the American Stock Exchange and iShares
are listed on the New York Stock Exchange). The market price for ETF shares may be higher or lower
than the ETFs net asset value. The sale and redemption prices of ETF shares purchased from the
issuer are based on the issuers net asset value.
Because ETFs are investment companies, investments in ETFs would, absent exemptive relief, be
limited under applicable statutory limitations. Those limitations restrict the Funds investment
in the shares of an ETF or other investment company to up to 5% of the Funds assets (which may
represent no more than 3% of the securities of such ETF or other investment company) and limit
aggregate investments in all ETFs and other investment companies to 10% of the Funds assets. The
Fund may invest in one or more ETFs beyond the statutory limitations pursuant to an agreement with
the ETF, provided that the Fund complies with the terms and conditions of the agreement and the
conditions of the ETFs exemptive order.
Short Sales
The Fund may seek to hedge investments or realize additional gains through short sales. The Fund
may make short sales against the box, meaning the Fund may make short sales where the Fund owns,
or has the right to acquire at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. If the
Fund makes a short sale against the box, the Fund will not immediately deliver the securities
30
sold and will not immediately receive the proceeds from the sale. However, the Fund is required to
hold securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short (or securities
convertible or exchangeable into such securities) while the short sale is outstanding. Once the
Fund closes out its short position by delivering the securities sold short, it will receive the
proceeds of the sale. The Fund will incur transaction costs, including interest, in connection
with opening, maintaining, and closing short sales against the box.
USES OF DERIVATIVES
Introduction and Overview
Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of
underlying assets, reference rates, or indices, to increase, decrease or adjust elements of the
investment exposures of the Funds portfolio. Derivatives may relate to securities, interest
rates, currencies, currency exchange rates, inflation rates, and related indices, and include
foreign currency contracts, swap contracts, reverse repurchase agreements, and other
exchange-traded and OTC contracts.
This overview outlines various ways in which the Fund may use different types of exchange-traded
and OTC derivatives in implementing its investment programs. It is intended to supplement the
information included in the Prospectus, including the risks associated with derivatives described
under Description of Principal Risks in the Prospectus, and the information provided in the Fund
Investments and Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments sections of this Statement of
Additional Information. This overview, however, is not intended to be exhaustive and the Fund may
use types of derivatives and/or employ derivatives strategies not otherwise described in this
Statement of Additional Information or the Prospectus.
In addition, the Fund may decide not to employ any of the strategies described below, and no
assurance can be given that any strategy used will succeed. Also, suitable derivatives
transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Fund
will be able to identify or employ a desirable derivatives transaction at any time or from time to
time, or that any such transactions will be successful.
Note
: Unless otherwise noted below in this section, the uses of derivatives discussed
herein with respect to the Fund only refer to the Funds direct use of such derivatives. As
indicated in the Prospectus and in the Fund Investments section of this Statement of Additional
Information, the Fund may invest in other Funds of the Trust, which, in turn, may use types of
derivatives and/or employ derivatives strategies that differ from those described in this Statement
of Additional Information or the Prospectus.
Function of Derivatives in the Fund.
The types of derivatives used and derivatives strategies
employed by the Fund and the extent the Fund uses derivatives may vary. In addition, specific
market conditions may influence the Managers choice of derivatives and derivatives strategies for
the Fund, in some cases to a significant extent.
31
Use of Derivatives by the Fund
Types of Derivatives That May Be Used by the Fund
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Options, futures contracts, and related options on securities or baskets or indices of
securities
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Long swap contracts in which the Fund pays a fixed rate plus the negative performance,
if any, and receives the positive performance, if any, of an index, a single equity
security, or a basket of equity securities
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Short swap contracts in which the Fund receives a fixed rate plus the negative
performance, if any, and pays the positive performance of an index, a single equity
security, or a basket of equity securities
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Contracts for differences, i.e., swaps on an index, a single equity security, or a
basket of equity securities that contain both long and short equity components
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Structured notes
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Non-Standard Warrants (including LEPOs and P-Notes)
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Reverse repurchase agreements
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Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions That May Be Employed by the Fund
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Buying and selling spot currencies
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Forward foreign currency contracts
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Currency futures contracts and related options (both cash and physically settled)
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Options on currencies
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Currency swap contracts
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Uses of Derivatives by the Fund
The Fund may use derivatives to effect transactions intended as substitutes for securities lending.
The Fund may use derivatives as a substitute for direct investment in securities or other assets.
For example, the Fund may use derivatives instead of investing directly in equity securities,
including using equity derivatives to maintain equity exposure when it holds cash by equitizing
its cash balances using futures contracts or other types of derivatives. The Fund also may use
currency derivatives (including forward currency contracts, futures contracts, swap contracts and
options) to gain exposure to a given currency.
The Fund may use derivatives in an attempt to reduce its investment exposures (which may result in
a reduction below zero). The Fund also may use currency derivatives in an attempt to reduce some
aspect of the currency exposure in its portfolio. For these purposes, the Fund may use an
instrument denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated with
the relevant currency.
The Fund may use derivatives in an attempt to adjust elements of its investment exposures to
various securities, sectors, markets, indices and currencies without actually having to sell
existing investments or make new direct investments. For example, if the Fund holds a large
32
proportion of stocks of companies in a particular sector and the Manager believes that stocks of
companies in another sector will outperform those stocks, the Fund might use a short futures
contract on an appropriate index (to synthetically sell a portion of the Funds portfolio) in
combination with a long futures contract on another index (to synthetically buy exposure to that
index). The Fund also may use currency derivatives in an attempt to adjust its currency exposure,
seeking currency exposure that is different (in some cases, significantly different) from the
currency exposure represented by its portfolio investments.
The Fund may have temporary net long exposure in excess of its net assets as a result of
rebalancing the Funds portfolio in anticipation of cash flows (redemptions, subscriptions,
payments of fees, etc.). The Funds foreign currency exposure may differ significantly from the
currency exposure represented by its investments.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Restrictions:
The following are Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Fund, which may
not
be changed
without shareholder approval:
(1) The Fund may not borrow money except under the following circumstances: (i) The Fund may
borrow money from banks so long as after such a transaction, the total assets (including the amount
borrowed) less liabilities other than debt obligations, represent at least 300% of outstanding debt
obligations; (ii) The Fund may also borrow amounts equal to an additional 5% of its total assets
without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as for the clearance and
settlement of portfolio transactions and to meet shareholder redemption requests; and (iii) The
Fund may enter into transactions that are technically borrowings under the 1940 Act because they
involve the sale of a security coupled with an agreement to repurchase that security (e.g
.
, reverse
repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, and other similar investment techniques) without regard to the
asset coverage restriction described in (i) above, so long as and to the extent that the Funds
custodian earmarks and maintains cash and/or high-grade debt securities equal in value to its
obligations in respect of these transactions.
Under current pronouncements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) staff, the above
types of transactions are not treated as involving senior securities so long as and to the extent
that the Fund maintains liquid assets equal in value to its obligations in respect of these
transactions.
(2) The Fund may not underwrite securities issued by other persons except to the extent that, in
connection with the disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be deemed to be an underwriter
under federal securities laws.
(3) The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities of issuers
which deal in real estate, including securities of real estate investment trusts, and may purchase
securities which are secured by interests in real estate.
33
(4) The Fund may not make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations or by entering into
repurchase agreements or through the lending of the Funds portfolio securities. Loans of
portfolio securities may be made with respect to up to 33 1/3% of the Funds total assets.
(5) The Fund may not concentrate more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one
industry.
For purposes of this Fundamental Restriction (5), an industry shall not be considered to include
the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
(6) The Fund may not purchase commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell commodity
contracts or any type of commodity related derivative instrument (including, without limitation,
all types of commodity related swaps, futures contracts, forward contracts, and options contracts).
(7) The Fund may not issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act and as amplified by
rules, regulations and pronouncements of the SEC.
The SEC has concluded that even though reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements,
and standby commitment agreements fall within the functional meaning of the term evidence of
indebtedness, the issue of compliance with Section 18 of the 1940 Act will not be raised with the
SEC by the Division of Investment Management if the Fund covers such obligations or maintains
liquid assets equal in value to its obligations with respect to these transactions. Similarly, so
long as such assets are maintained, the issue of compliance with Section 18 will not be raised with
respect to any of the following: any swap contract or contract for differences; any pledge or
permitted encumbrance of assets; any borrowing permitted by Fundamental Restriction (1) above; any
collateral arrangements with respect to initial and variation margin; and the purchase or sale of
options, forward contracts, futures contracts or options on futures contracts.
Non-Fundamental Restrictions:
The following are Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Fund, which may be changed by the
Trustees
without
shareholder approval:
(1) The Fund may not buy or sell oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts,
although it may purchase securities of issuers that deal in oil, gas, or other mineral leases,
rights or royalty contracts, including securities of royalty trusts, and may purchase securities
which are secured by, or otherwise hold or represent interests in, oil, gas, or other mineral
leases, rights or royalty contracts.
(2) The Fund may not make investments for the purpose of gaining control of a companys
management.
(3) The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.
34
(4) The Fund may not change its Name Policy as set forth under the Funds Principal investment
strategies in the Prospectus without providing the Funds shareholders with a notice meeting the
requirement of Rule 35d-1(c) at least 60 days prior to such change.
For purposes of the Name Policy, the Fund considers the term invest to include both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments to include both direct investments and
indirect investments (for instance, the Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by
investing in another GMO Fund or in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic
characteristics similar to the underlying asset), and the Fund may achieve exposure to a particular
investment, industry, country, or geographic region through direct investing or indirect investing
and/or direct investments or indirect investments.
When used in connection with the Funds Name Policy, the Manager uses the terms assets and
related as defined in the Prospectus.
Except as indicated above in Fundamental Restriction (1), all percentage limitations on investments
set forth herein and in the Prospectus will apply at the time of the making of an investment and
shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after
and as a result of such investment.
The phrase shareholder approval, as used in the Prospectus and in this Statement of Additional
Information, and the phrases vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities and the
approval of shareholders, as used herein with respect to the Fund, mean the affirmative vote of
the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, or (2) 67% or more of the
shares of the Fund present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented
at the meeting in person or by proxy. Except for policies and restrictions that are explicitly
described as fundamental in the Prospectus or this Statement of Additional Information, the
investment policies and restrictions of the Fund may be changed by the Trusts Trustees without the
approval of shareholders of the Fund. Policies and restrictions of the Fund that are explicitly
described as fundamental in the Prospectus or this Statement of Additional Information cannot be
changed without the approval of shareholders of the Fund.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close of
regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Boston time. The
NAV per share of a class of shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the total value of the
Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class
by the total number of outstanding shares of that class. NAV is not determined on any days when the
NYSE is closed for business. The Fund also may elect not to determine NAV on days during which no
share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share is received by the Fund.
Please refer to Determination of Net Asset Value in the Prospectus for additional information.
35
The Manager evaluates pricing sources on an ongoing basis and may change a pricing source at any
time. The Manager normally does not evaluate the prices supplied by pricing sources on a
day-to-day basis. The Manager monitors erratic or unusual movements (including unusual inactivity)
in the prices supplied for a security and has discretion to override a price supplied by a source
(e.g., by taking a price supplied by another) when it believes that the price supplied is not
reliable. In addition, although alternative prices often are available for many securities held by
the Fund, the existence of those alternative sources does not necessarily provide greater certainty
about the prices used by the Fund. In addition, because the Fund may hold portfolio securities
listed on foreign exchanges that trade on days on which the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are
closed, the net asset value of the Funds shares may change significantly on days when shares
cannot be redeemed.
DISTRIBUTIONS
The Prospectus describes the distribution policies of the Fund under the heading Distributions and
Taxes. The Fund generally maintains a policy to pay its shareholders, as dividends, substantially
all net investment income, if any, and all net realized capital gains, if any, after offsetting any
available capital loss carryovers. The Fund generally maintains a policy to make distributions at
least annually, sufficient to avoid the imposition of a nondeductible 4% excise tax on certain
undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gain net income. The Fund, from time to time
and at the Funds discretion, also may make unscheduled distributions of net investment income,
short-term capital gains, and/or long-term capital gains prior to large redemptions by shareholders
from the Fund or as otherwise deemed appropriate by the Fund. From time to time, distributions by
the Fund could constitute, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a return of capital to
shareholders (see discussion in Taxes below).
TAXES
Tax Status and Taxation of the Fund
The Fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (RIC) under Subchapter M
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (previously defined above as the Code). In
order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, the Fund must,
among other things:
(a)
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derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest,
payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other
disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not
limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its
business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies and (ii) net income derived
from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below);
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(b)
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diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Funds taxable year, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S.
government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in respect of
any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and not
more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25%
of
the value of the Funds total assets is invested in the securities (other than those of the U.S.
government or RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and
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which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or in the securities of
one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and
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(c)
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distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment
company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction
for dividends paidgenerally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net
short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest
income for such year.
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In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above,
income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such
income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if
realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a
qualified publicly traded partnership (defined generally as a partnership (i) the interests in
which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market
or the substantial equivalent thereof, (ii) that derives at least 90% of its income from passive
income sources defined in Section 7704(d) of the Code, and (iii) that derives less than 90% of its
income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as
qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not
apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a
qualified publicly traded partnership. Further, for the purposes of the diversification test in
paragraph (b) above: (i) the term outstanding voting securities of such issuer will include the
equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and (ii) identification of the issuer
(or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular Fund investment can depend on the terms and conditions
of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under
current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service
(IRS) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely
affect the Funds ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.
If the Fund qualifies as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund will not be subject
to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form
of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below).
As described above, the Fund intends generally to distribute at least annually to its shareholders
substantially all of its net investment income and all of its net realized capital gains (including
both net short-term and long-term capital gains). Any net taxable investment income or net
short-term capital gains (as reduced by any net long-term capital losses) retained by the Fund will
be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate rates. Although the Fund intends
generally to distribute all of its net capital gain (i.e., the excess of any net long-term capital
gains over net short-term capital losses) each year, the Fund reserves the right to retain for
investment all or a portion of its net capital gain. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it
will be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. In
that case, the Fund is permitted to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in
a timely notice to its shareholders, who would then, in turn, be (i) required to include in income
for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed
amount, and
(ii) entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such
undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim
refunds on a properly
37
filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If
the Fund properly makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of
shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund would be increased by an amount equal under current law
to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders
gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder
under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. The Fund is not required to, and there can be no
assurance that the Fund will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net
capital gain in a taxable year.
In determining its net capital gain for purposes of Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below, the
Fund generally must treat any net capital loss or any net long-term capital loss incurred after
October 31 as if it had been incurred in the succeeding year. In addition, in determining its
taxable income, the Fund generally is permitted to elect to treat all or part of any net capital
loss, any net long-term capital loss, or any foreign currency loss incurred after October 31 as if
it had been incurred in the succeeding year.
If the Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount generally equal to the
sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98% of its capital gain net income for the
one-year period ending October 31 within that year, plus any such retained amounts from the prior
year, the Fund would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. The
Fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax,
although the Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional
distribution when circumstances warrant (e.g., the payment of the excise tax amount is deemed by
the Fund to be
de minimis
). Where the Fund has a taxable year that begins in one calendar year and
ends in the next calendar year, the Fund will be required to make this excise tax distribution
during its taxable year. There is a risk that the Fund could recognize income prior to making this
excise tax distribution and could recognize losses after making this distribution. As a result,
all or a portion of the Funds excise tax distribution could constitute a return of capital (see
discussion below).
Realized capital losses in excess of realized capital gains (Net Capital Losses) are not
permitted to be deducted against net investment income. The Fund may carry Net Capital Losses
forward for eight years. However, the Fund will not be able to use any Net Capital Losses remaining
at the conclusion of the eighth taxable year succeeding the taxable year in which such Net Capital
Loss arose. All Net Capital Losses carried forward are treated as short-term and will offset
short-term capital gain before offsetting long-term capital gain in the year in which they are
used.
However, the Funds ability to use Net Capital Losses may be limited following the occurrence of
certain (i) acquisitive reorganizations and (ii) shifts in the ownership of the Fund by a
shareholder owning or treated as owning 5% or more of the shares of the Fund (each, an ownership
change). The Code may similarly limit the Funds ability to use any of its other capital losses,
or ordinary losses, that have accrued but have not been recognized (i.e., built-in losses) at the
time of an ownership change to the extent they are realized within the five-year
period following the ownership change.
38
Transactions in Fund Shares
The sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a taxable gain or loss, generally
equal to the difference between the amount realized by a shareholder on the disposition of the
shares (that is, gross proceeds) and the shareholders adjusted basis in those shares.
Shareholders are responsible for keeping track of their own basis in Fund shares, including any
events requiring adjustments to their basis (e.g., due to receipt of a Return of Capital
Distribution (as defined below)).
In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as
long-term capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term
capital gain if the shares have been held for not more than one year. However, depending on a
shareholders percentage ownership in the Fund, a partial redemption of Fund shares could cause the
shareholder to be treated as receiving a dividend, taxable under the rules applicable to dividends
and distributions described below, rather than capital gain income received in exchange for Fund
shares.
Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held by a shareholder for six months or
less generally will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any Capital Gain
Dividends, as defined below, received or deemed received by a shareholder with respect to those
shares. Further, all or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares
will be disallowed under the Codes wash-sale rules if other shares of the Fund are purchased,
including by means of dividend reinvestment, within 30 days before or after the disposition. In
such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed
loss.
Taxation of Fund Distributions
Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders under the rules described below whether received in
cash or reinvested in additional Fund shares.
Dividends and distributions on the Funds shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax
as described below to the extent they do not exceed the Funds realized income and gains, even
though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular
shareholders investment. Such dividends and distributions are likely to occur in respect of
shares purchased at a time when the Funds net asset value reflects unrealized gains, or realized
but undistributed income or gains, that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid
for its shares. Such distributions may reduce the net asset value of the Funds shares below the
shareholders cost basis in those shares. Such realized income and gains may be required to be
distributed even when the Funds net asset value also reflects unrealized losses.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable to
shareholders as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how
long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder may
have owned shares in the Fund. In general, the Fund will recognize long-term capital gain
or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and
39
short-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one
year or less. Distributions of net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital
gain over net short-term capital loss) that are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain
dividends (Capital Gain Dividends) generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital
gains. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to most individuals have been temporarily reduced
to 15% (with a 0% rate applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets) for taxable years
beginning before January 1, 2011. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend, eliminate
or change this reduction to or for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. Distributions
attributable to net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the
taxable year) generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions from capital
gains are generally made after applying any available Net Capital Losses that have been carried
forward.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, distributions of investment income designated
by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals
at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements
are met at both the shareholder and Fund levels. It is currently unclear whether Congress will
extend, eliminate or change this provision to or for tax years beginning on or after January 1,
2011.
In order for some portion of the dividends received by a Fund shareholder to be qualified dividend
income, the Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of
the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other
requirements with respect to the Funds shares. A dividend will not be treated as qualified
dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level) (i) if the dividend is received with
respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on
the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to
such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period
beginning 90 days before such date), (ii) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation
(whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions
in substantially similar or related property, (iii) if the recipient elects to have the dividend
income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment
interest, or (iv) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (A) not eligible
for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of
dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities
market in the United States) or (B) treated as a passive foreign investment company (as defined
below).
In general, distributions of investment income designated by the Fund as derived from qualified
dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of a shareholder taxed as
an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described
above with respect to the Funds shares. If the above-described holding period and other
requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund level, qualified dividend income will be
taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain for taxable
years beginning before January 1, 2011. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extend,
change or eliminate this provision to or for tax years beginning on or after January 1,
2011. If the aggregate qualified dividend income received by the Fund during any taxable year
40
is 95% or more of its gross income, then 100% of the Funds dividends (other than Capital Gain
Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. For this purpose, the only
gain included in the term gross income is the excess of net short-term capital gain over net
long-term capital loss.
If the Fund receives dividends from an underlying fund, including an ETF, that is treated as a RIC
for U.S. federal income tax purposes (Underlying RIC), and the Underlying RIC designates such
dividends as qualified dividend income, then the Fund is permitted, in turn, to designate a portion
of its distributions as qualified dividend income, provided that the Fund meets the holding period
and other requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.
For corporate shareholders (other than S corporations), the dividends-received deduction will
generally apply (subject to holding period and other requirements imposed by the Code) to the
Funds dividends paid from investment income to the extent derived from dividends received from
U.S. corporations. The Fund generally does not expect that a significant portion of its
distributions will be eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction. If the Fund
receives dividends from an Underlying RIC that qualifies as a RIC, and the Underlying RIC
designates such dividends as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, then the Fund is
permitted, in turn, to designate a portion of its distributions as eligible for the
dividends-received deduction, provided that the Fund meets the holding period and other
requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.
A portion of the original issue discount (OID) accrued on certain high yield discount obligations
may not be deductible to the issuer as interest and will instead be treated as a dividend for
purposes of the corporate dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high
yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible
for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of
such OID. See Tax Implications of Certain Investments below for more discussion of OID.
To the extent that the Fund makes a distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income
received by the Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a
securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Fund on securities it
temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement treated for U.S.
federal income tax purposes as a loan, such distribution will not constitute qualified dividend
income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for
corporate shareholders.
The Fund may make a distribution to its shareholders in excess of its current and accumulated
earnings and profits in any taxable year (a Return of Capital Distribution), in which case the
excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of each shareholders tax
basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable to the
extent such an amount does not exceed a shareholders tax basis, but it reduces the shareholders
tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable
disposition by such shareholder of the shares.
41
A distribution paid to shareholders by the Fund in January of a year generally is deemed to have
been received by shareholders on December 31 of the preceding year, if the distribution was
declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November, or December of that
preceding year. Early each calendar year, the Trust will provide U.S. federal tax information,
including information about the character and amount of dividends and distributions paid during the
preceding year, to taxable investors and others requesting such information.
Backup Withholding
The Fund (or in the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary) generally is
required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and
redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund (or
the intermediary) with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported dividend or
interest income, or who fails to certify that he or she is not subject to such withholding. The
backup withholding tax rate is 28% for amounts paid through 2010. This rate will expire and the
backup withholding rate will be 31% for amounts paid after December 31, 2010, unless Congress
enacts tax legislation providing otherwise. Any tax withheld as a result of backup withholding
does not constitute an additional tax imposed on the record owner of the account, and may be
claimed as a credit on the record owners U.S. federal income tax return, provided the appropriate
information is furnished to the IRS.
Distributions to Foreign Investors
In general, the Funds dividend distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends, as described more
fully below) are subject to a U.S. withholding tax of 30% when paid to a shareholder that is not a
U.S. person within the meaning of the Code (a foreign shareholder). In addition, subject to
certain exceptions, the Fund is generally not required and currently does not expect to withhold on
the amount of a non-dividend distribution (i.e., a Return of Capital Distribution) paid to its
foreign shareholders; the Fund, however, may determine to withhold on any such distribution in its
discretion to the extent permissible under applicable law. To the extent withholding is made,
persons who are resident in a country, such as the United Kingdom, that has an income tax treaty
with the United States may be eligible for a reduced withholding rate (upon filing of appropriate
forms), and are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the applicability and effect of such
a treaty.
However, for taxable years of a RIC beginning prior to January 1, 2010, a RIC was not required to
withhold any amounts (i) with respect to distributions (other than distributions to a foreign
shareholder (A) that had not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner was not a
U.S. person, (B) to the extent that the dividend was attributable to certain interest on an
obligation if the foreign shareholder was the issuer or was a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (C)
that was within certain foreign countries that had inadequate information exchange with the United
States, or (D) to the extent the dividend was attributable to interest paid by a person that was a
related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder was a controlled foreign
corporation) from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal
income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, to the extent such
distributions were properly designated by the Fund (interest-related dividends), and (ii) with
respect to distributions (other than (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who was
42
present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year
of the distribution and (B) distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition of
U.S. real property interests (USRPIs) as described below) of net short-term capital gains in
excess of net long-term capital losses, to the extent such distributions were properly designated
by the Fund (short-term capital gain dividends). For such taxable years, a RIC was permitted to
make designations of interest-related and/or short-term capital gain dividends with respect to all,
some, or none of its potentially eligible dividends and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in
part, as ineligible for these exemptions from withholding. It is currently unclear whether
Congress will extend the exemption from withholding for interest-related dividends and short-term
capital gain dividends for dividends with respect to the Funds initial and subsequent taxable
years, and what the terms of any such extension would be.
If such extension is enacted, if the Fund invests in Underlying RICs that pay such short-term
capital gain or interest-related dividends to their shareholders, such distributions will retain
their character as not subject to withholding if properly designated when paid by the Fund to its
shareholders. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary could determine
to withhold even if the Fund were to make a designation with respect to a payment. Foreign
shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their
accounts.
Under U.S. federal tax law, a foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal
income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of
the Fund or on Capital Gain Dividends unless (i) such gain or Capital Gain Dividend is effectively
connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United
States, (ii) in the case of a foreign shareholder that is an individual, the shareholder is present
in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the
sale or the receipt of the Capital Gain Dividend and certain other conditions are met, or (iii) the
special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to the foreign
shareholders sale of shares of the Fund or to the Capital Gain Dividend received (as described
below).
Also, foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from the Fund is effectively connected
with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder will in general be subject to U.S.
federal income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated rates applicable to U.S.
citizens, residents, or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or
reinvested in shares, and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch
profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any
effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net
basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in
the United States. Again, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax
treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results, and are urged to consult their tax
advisors.
Special withholding and other rules apply to distributions to foreign shareholders from a fund that
is either a U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the
operation of the exceptions to the definition thereof described below. Additionally, special
withholding and other rules apply to the redemption of shares in a fund that is a USRPHC
43
or former USRPHC. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds U.S. real property
interests (USRPIs) USRPIs are defined as any interest in U.S. real property or any equity
interest in a USRPHC or former USRPHC the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the
sum of the fair market values of the corporations USRPIs, interests in real property located
outside the United States and other assets. The Fund generally does not expect that it will be a
USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of the special exceptions, and thus does not
expect these special tax rules to apply. Foreign persons should consult their tax advisors (and if
holding shares through an intermediary, their intermediary) concerning the application of these
rules to their investment in the Fund.
In order to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding
tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a
foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its
non-U.S. status (including, for example, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN). Foreign
shareholders in the Fund should consult their tax advisors and, if holding shares through
intermediaries, their intermediaries, in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and
those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. Also, additional considerations may apply
to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should
consult their tax advisors about their particular situation.
A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local taxes and to the U.S. federal estate tax in
addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.
See also Withholding on Fund Payments to Shareholders Under Foreign Account Tax Compliance
Provisions below for information regarding the potential application of an additional withholding
regime.
Foreign Taxes
The Funds investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes
on dividends, interest, or capital gains which will decrease the Funds yield. The Fund may
otherwise be subject to foreign taxation on repatriation proceeds generated from those securities
or to other transaction-based foreign taxes on those securities, which can also decrease the Funds
yield. Such foreign withholding taxes and other taxes may be reduced or eliminated under income
tax treaties between the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions. Depending on the number
of foreign shareholders in the Fund, however, such reduced foreign withholding and other tax rates
may not be available for investments in certain jurisdictions.
If, at the end of the Funds taxable year, more than 50% of the value of the total assets of the
Fund is represented by direct investments in stock or other securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may make an election that allows shareholders to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but
not both) on their U.S. income tax return in respect of foreign taxes paid by or withheld from the
Fund on one or more of its foreign portfolio securities. Only foreign taxes that meet certain
qualifications are eligible for this pass-through treatment. If the Fund is eligible for and makes
such an election, its shareholders generally will include in gross income from foreign
44
sources their pro rata shares of such taxes paid by the Fund. A shareholders ability to claim an
offsetting foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of these taxes is subject to limitations
imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholders not receiving a full credit or deduction
(if any) for the amount of such taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize deductions on their U.S.
federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but not a deduction) for such foreign taxes. Even
if the Fund is eligible to make this election, it may determine not to do so in its sole
discretion, in which case any such qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund cannot be given this
special pass-through treatment by the Fund or its shareholders. Investors should consult their
tax advisors for further information relating to the foreign tax credit and deduction. To the
extent the Fund is eligible for and makes this election, its shareholders whose income from the
Fund is not subject to U.S. taxation at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents,
or domestic corporations may receive substantially different tax treatment of distributions by the
Fund, and may be disadvantaged as a result of the Fund making this election. The Fund may be
eligible for and may make this election.
Under current law, the Fund cannot pass through to shareholders foreign tax credits borne in
respect of foreign securities income earned by Underlying RICs. In general, the Fund may only
elect to pass through to its shareholders foreign income taxes it pays provided that it directly
holds more than 50% of its assets in foreign stock and other securities at the close of its taxable
year. Foreign securities held indirectly through an Underlying RIC do not contribute to this 50%
threshold.
Withholding taxes that are accrued on dividends in respect of (i) securities on loan pursuant to a
securities lending transaction during the period that any such security was not directly held by
the Fund or (ii) securities the Fund temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a
repurchase agreement that is treated as a loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will
not qualify as a foreign tax paid by the Fund, in which case, they could not be passed through to
shareholders even if the Fund meets the other requirements described above.
Withholding on Fund Payments to Shareholders Under Foreign Account Tax Compliance Provisions
The Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act, enacted in March 2010, generally imposes
a new reporting and 30% withholding tax regime with respect to certain U.S.-source income,
including dividends and interest, and gross proceeds from the sale or other disposal of property
that can produce U.S. source interest or dividends (Withholdable Payments). Very generally, the
new rules require the reporting to the IRS of the direct and indirect ownership of foreign
financial accounts and foreign entities by U.S. persons, with the 30% withholding tax regime
applying to Withholdable Payments after December 31, 2012 if there is a failure to provide this
required information.
Very generally, once effective and subject to future guidance, any distribution by the Fund to a
foreign shareholder, including a distribution in redemption of shares and a distribution of income
or gains exempt from U.S. federal income tax withholding under the regular withholding rules
described earlier (e.g., Capital Gain Dividends and, in the event that, as described above, certain
pending legislation is enacted, short-term capital gain and interest-related dividends), will be a
45
Withholdable Payment subject to the new 30% withholding requirements, unless a shareholder provides
information, certifications, representations or waivers of foreign law, as the Fund requires, to
comply with the new rules. In the case of certain foreign shareholders, it is possible that this
information will include information regarding direct and indirect U.S. owners of the foreign
shareholder. U.S. shareholders generally will not be subject to this 30% withholding requirement
so long as they provide the Fund with certification of their U.S. status, as the Fund requires, to
comply with the new rules. The failure of a shareholder to provide such information may result in
other adverse consequences applying to the shareholder. A foreign shareholder that is treated as a
foreign financial institution generally will be subject to withholding unless it enters into an
agreement with the IRS.
In general, any U.S. or foreign person investing in the Fund through an intermediary that is
treated as a foreign financial institution will have Withholdable Payments made to them that are
attributable to their Fund distributions reduced by the 30% withholding rate if the person fails to
provide the intermediary, or the intermediary fails to provide the Fund, with the certifications,
waivers or other information the intermediary or Fund, as applicable, may need to comply with these
new rules. U.S. and foreign persons investing in the Fund through foreign intermediaries should
contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts and their
investment in the Fund.
No guidance on these new HIRE Act requirements has yet been issued. The scope of these
requirements remains unclear and potentially subject to material changes resulting from any future
guidance. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these
requirements to their own situation.
Foreign Bank and Financial Account Reporting
Shareholders in the Fund may be required to file annually with the IRS Form TD F 90-22.1, Report of
Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR), to report a shareholders financial interest in the
Funds foreign financial accounts (if any). Shareholders should consult applicable IRS guidance,
including the instructions to the FBAR, regarding any FBAR filing obligation that may arise from
their investment in the Fund.
In addition to these requirements, the HIRE Act creates new foreign asset reporting requirements
for certain persons. Effective for taxable years beginning after March 18, 2010 and subject to
specified exceptions, individuals (and, if provided in forthcoming future U.S. Treasury
regulations, certain domestic entities) must report annually their interests in specified foreign
financial assets on their U.S. federal income tax returns. It is currently unclear whether and
under what circumstances shareholders would be required to report their indirect interests in the
Funds specified foreign financial assets (if any).
Shareholders could be subject to substantial penalties for failure to comply with these reporting
requirements. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of
these FBAR and other reporting requirements in light of their individual circumstances.
46
Tax Implications of Certain Investments
In general, option premiums received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the
Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is
exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a
closing transaction). If a call option written by the Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or
delivers the underlying securities or other assets, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain
or loss equal to (i) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus
(ii) the Funds basis in the underlying securities or other assets. Such gain or loss generally
will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying securities or
other assets. If securities or other assets are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of
a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost
basis in the securities or other assets purchased. The gain or loss with respect to any
termination of the Funds obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option
and related purchase, sale, or delivery of the underlying securities or other assets generally will
be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater
or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for
example, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize
short-term gain equal to the premium received.
Certain covered call writing activities and other option strategies of the Fund may trigger the
U.S. federal income tax straddle rules of Section 1092 of the Code, requiring the deferral of
losses and the termination of holding periods on offsetting positions in options and stocks deemed
to constitute substantially similar or related property. Call options on stocks that are not deep
in the money may give rise to qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the
straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are in the
money although not deep in the money will be suspended during the period that such calls are
outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause
gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital
gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for
the corporate dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and
therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or to fail to qualify for the dividends-received
deduction, as the case may be.
The tax treatment of certain futures contracts entered into by the Fund as well as listed
non-equity options written or purchased by the Fund on U.S. exchanges (including options on futures
contracts, equity indices, and debt securities) will be governed by Section 1256 of the Code
(Section 1256 contracts). Gains or losses on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60%
long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (60/40), although certain foreign currency
gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, Section 1256
contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax,
on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are marked to market, with the result that
unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss
is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.
In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions,
the Funds transactions in other derivative instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap
47
agreements), as well as any of its other hedging, short sales, or similar transactions, may be
subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive
sale, wash-sale, and short-sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized
by the Fund are treated as ordinary or capital and/or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the
recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses, and cause adjustments in the holding
periods of the Funds securities. The rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and/or
character of distributions to shareholders.
The Fund may make extensive use of various types of derivative financial instruments to the extent
consistent with its investment policies and restrictions. The tax rules applicable to derivative
financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, including under Subchapter M
of the Code. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner they
deem to be appropriate, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to one
or more of these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may adversely affect
the Funds ability to meet one or more of the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification
as a RIC, as well as to avoid the Fund-level tax. See Loss of RIC Status below.
Certain investments made and investment practices engaged in by the Fund can produce a difference
between its book income and its taxable income. These can include, but are not limited to, certain
hedging activities, as well as investments in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt
securities, Section 1256 contracts, passive foreign investment companies (as defined below), and
debt obligations with discount or purchased at a premium. In addition, certain foreign currency
transactions associated with the redemption of Fund shares (in the case of the Fund that permits
redemptions of Fund shares in foreign currencies) may produce a difference between the Funds book
income and its taxable income. If the Funds book income exceeds its taxable income, the
distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of
the Funds remaining earnings and profits, (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of
the recipients basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a
capital asset. If the Funds book income is less than its taxable income, the Fund could be
required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a RIC that is accorded special
tax treatment.
Any investment by the Fund in U.S. REIT equity securities may result in the Funds receipt of cash
in excess of the U.S. REITs earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions
could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Investments in U.S. REIT equity securities may also require the Fund to accrue and distribute
income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund
may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do
so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Fund from a U.S.
REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not
constitute qualified dividend income.
Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have not yet been
issued, but may apply retroactively, a portion of the Funds income (including income allocated to
the Fund from a U.S. REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a
48
residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC) or an equity interest in a
taxable mortgage pool (TMP) (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to
U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides and the regulations are expected
to provide that excess inclusion income of RICs, such as the Fund, will be allocated to
shareholders of RICs in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same
consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, to the extent
the Fund invests in any such interests, it may not be a suitable investment for charitable
remainder trusts, as noted below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating
losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute
unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an
individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to
tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion
income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax
on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction
in U.S. federal withholding tax.
Under current law, income of the Fund that would be treated as UBTI if earned directly by a
tax-exempt entity generally will not be attributed and taxed as UBTI when distributed to tax-exempt
shareholders (that is, the Fund blocks this income with respect to such shareholders).
Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of
its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of
the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Code. A tax-exempt
shareholder may also recognize UBTI if the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income derived from
direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs as
described above, if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Funds investment
company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in
RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in
TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code)
that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to
such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI as a result of
investing in the Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any
taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a
state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy
cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in the Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income,
then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the
taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income
tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006
legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Fund may elect to
specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such
shareholders distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such
49
shareholders interest in the Fund. CRTs and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their
tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Fund.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance
(and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of
issuance) that are acquired by the Fund will be treated as debt obligations that are issued
originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the OID is treated as interest income and is
included in the Funds taxable income (and required to be distributed by the Fund) over the term of
the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually
upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. In addition, payment-in-kind
securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though
the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance
that are acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount.
Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation
(or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its revised issue price) over the purchase
price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial
payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to
the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such
debt security. Alternatively, the Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which
case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in the Funds income (as
ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of
that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of
the debt security. The rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the
Funds income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance that
are acquired by the Fund may be treated as having OID or, in certain cases, acquisition discount
(very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price). Generally,
the Fund will be required to include the OID or acquisition discount in income (as ordinary income)
over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a
later time, usually when the debt security matures. The OID or acquisition discount accrues
ratably in equal daily installments or, if the Fund so elects, at a constant (compound) interest
rate. If the Fund elects the constant interest rate method, the character and timing of
recognition of income by the Fund will differ from what they would have been under the default pro
rata method.
Increases in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond will be treated as OID includible in
income (as ordinary income) over the term of the bond, even though payment of that amount is not
received until a later time. Decreases in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond will
reduce the amount of interest from the debt instrument that would otherwise be includible in income
by the Fund. In addition, if the negative inflation adjustment exceeds the income includible by
the Fund with respect to the debt instrument (including any OID) for the taxable year, such excess
will be an ordinary loss to the extent the Funds total interest inclusions on the
50
debt instrument in prior taxable years exceed the total amount treated by the Fund as an ordinary
loss on the debt instrument in prior taxable years. Any remaining excess may be carried forward to
reduce taxable income from the instrument in subsequent years.
If the Fund holds the foregoing kinds of debt instruments, it may be required to pay out as an
income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the
Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or, if
necessary, by liquidation of portfolio securities including at a time when it may not be
advantageous to do so. The Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event
the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger
Capital Gain Dividend than they would in the absence of such transactions.
Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for
the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the
Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation; when the Fund may cease to accrue
interest, OID, or market discount; when and to what extent the Fund may take deductions for bad
debts or worthless securities; and how the Fund should allocate payments received on obligations in
default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund
when, as, and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes
sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal
income or excise tax.
If the Fund invests in shares of Underlying RICs, its distributable income and gains will normally
consist, in part, of distributions from Underlying RICs and gains and losses on the disposition of
shares of Underlying RICs. To the extent that an Underlying RIC realizes net capital losses on its
investments for a given taxable year, the Fund will not be able to benefit from those losses until
(i) the Underlying RIC realizes capital gains that can be reduced by those losses, or (ii) the Fund
recognizes its share of those losses when it disposes of shares of the Underlying RIC. Moreover,
even when the Fund does make such a disposition of Underlying RIC shares at a net capital loss, a
portion of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as
favorably for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a short-term capital loss or an ordinary
deduction. The Fund also will not be able to offset any capital losses realized from its
dispositions of Underlying RIC shares against its ordinary income (including distributions of any
net short-term capital gains realized by an Underlying RIC).
In addition, in certain circumstances, the wash-sale rules under Section 1091 of the Code may
apply to the Funds sales of Underlying RIC shares that have generated losses. A wash sale occurs
if shares of an Underlying RIC are sold by the Fund at a loss and the Fund acquires additional
shares of that same Underlying RIC 30 days before or after the date of the sale. The wash-sale
rules could defer losses in the Funds hands on sales of Underlying RIC shares (to the extent such
sales are wash sales) for extended periods of time. In addition to the wash-sale rules, certain
related-party transaction rules may cause any losses generated by the Fund on the sale of an
Underlying RICs shares to be deferred (or, in some cases, permanently disallowed) if the Fund and
the Underlying RIC are part of the same controlled group (as defined in Section 267(f) of the
Code) at the time the loss is recognized. For instance, for these purposes, the Fund
51
and an Underlying RIC will be part of the same controlled group if the Fund owns more than 50% of
the total outstanding voting securities of the Underlying RIC.
As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, the amounts of net investment
income and net capital gains that the Fund will be required to distribute to shareholders may be
greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by
the Underlying RICs, rather than investing in shares of the Underlying RICs. For similar reasons,
the character of distributions from the Fund (e.g., long-term capital gain, eligibility for
dividends-received deduction, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the
Fund invested directly in the securities held by the Underlying RICs.
Depending on the Funds percentage ownership in an Underlying RIC both before and after a
redemption of Underlying RIC shares, the Funds redemption of shares of such Underlying RIC may
cause the Fund to be treated as receiving a dividend taxable as ordinary income on the full amount
of the redemption instead of being treated as realizing capital gain (or loss) on the redemption of
the shares of the Underlying RIC. This generally would be the case where the Fund holds a
significant interest in an Underlying RIC and redeems only a small portion of such interest.
Dividend treatment of a redemption by the Fund would affect the amount and character of income
required to be distributed by both the Fund and the Underlying RIC for the year in which the
redemption occurred. It is possible that any such dividend would qualify as qualified dividend
income taxable at long-term capital gain rates for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011;
otherwise, it would be taxable as ordinary income and could cause shareholders of the Fund to
recognize higher amounts of ordinary income than if the shareholders held shares of the Underlying
RICs directly.
Special tax considerations apply if the Fund invests in investment companies treated as
partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund
generally will be allocated its share of the income, gains, losses, deductions, credits, and other
tax items of a partnership so as to reflect the Funds interest in the partnership. A partnership
in which the Fund invests may modify its partner allocations to comply with applicable tax
regulations, including, without limitation, the income tax regulations under Sections 704, 734,
743, 754, and 755 of the Code. It also may make special allocations of specific tax items,
including gross income, gain, deduction, or loss. These modified or special allocations could
result in the Fund, as a partner, receiving more or less items of income, gain, deduction, or loss
(and/or income, gain, deduction, or loss of a different character) than it would in the absence of
such modified or special allocations. The Fund will be required to include in its income its share
of a partnerships tax items, including gross income, gain, deduction, or loss, for any partnership
taxable year ending within or with the Funds taxable year, regardless of whether or not the
partnership distributes any cash to the Fund in such year.
In general, the Fund will not recognize its share of these tax items until the close of the
partnerships taxable year. However, absent the availability of an exception, the Fund will
recognize its share of these tax items as they are recognized by the partnership for purposes of
determining the Funds liability for the 4% excise tax (described above). Therefore, if the Fund
and a partnership have different taxable years, the Fund may be obligated to make distributions in
excess of the net income and gains recognized from that partnership and yet be unable to
52
avoid the 4% excise tax because it is without sufficient earnings and profits at the end of its
taxable year. In some cases, however, the Fund can take advantage of certain safe harbors which
would allow it to include its share of a partnerships income, gain, loss, and certain other tax
items at the close of the partnerships taxable year for both excise tax purposes and general
Subchapter M purposes, thus avoiding the potential complexities arising from different taxable
years.
In general, cash distributions to the Fund by a partnership in which it invests (including in
partial or complete redemption of its interest in the partnership) will represent a nontaxable
return of capital to the Fund up to the amount of the Funds adjusted tax basis in its interest in
the partnership, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as capital gain. Any loss may be
recognized by the Fund only if it redeems its entire interest in the partnership for money.
In addition, any transactions by the Fund in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt
obligations, or certain foreign currency options, futures contracts, or forward contracts (or
similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss
results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned and, as described earlier,
can give rise to differences in the Funds book and taxable income. Such ordinary income treatment
may accelerate Fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to
shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by
the Fund to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.
The Funds investments in certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), as defined below,
could subject the Fund to U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions
received from a PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in a PFIC, which tax
cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may make
certain elections to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, the Fund may elect to treat a
PFIC as a qualified electing fund (QEF) (i.e., make a QEF election), in which case the Fund
will be required to include its share of the PFICs income and net capital gain annually,
regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC. Alternately, the Fund may make
an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent the losses) in such holdings to the market
as though it had sold (and, solely for purposes of this mark-to-market election, repurchased) its
holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Funds taxable year. Such gains and losses are
treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may have the effect of
accelerating the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increasing the amount
required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections
therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not
advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the
recognition of gain and affect the Funds total return. If the Fund indirectly invests in PFICs by
virtue of the Funds investment in other investment companies it may not make such elections;
rather, the underlying investment companies directly investing in PFICs would decide whether to
make such elections. In addition, there is a risk that the Fund may not realize that a foreign
corporation in which it invests is a PFIC for U.S. federal tax purposes and thus fail to timely
make a QEF or mark-to-market election in respect of that corporation, in which event the Fund could
be subject to the U.S. federal income taxes and interest charges described above.
53
A PFIC is any foreign corporation in which (i) 75% or more of the gross income for the taxable year
is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets (generally by value, but by
adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce, or are held for the production of, passive
income is at least 50%. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest
(including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over
losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, income from certain
notional principal contracts, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not
include rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain
income received from related persons.
Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income or for the
dividends-received deduction.
A U.S. person, including the Fund, who owns (directly or indirectly) 10% or more of the total
combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a U.S. Shareholder for
purposes of the controlled foreign corporation (CFC) provisions of the Code. A CFC is a foreign
corporation that, on any day of its taxable year, is owned (directly, indirectly, or
constructively) more than 50% (measured by voting power or value) by U.S. Shareholders. From time
to time, the Fund may be a U.S. Shareholder in a CFC. As a U.S. Shareholder, the Fund is required
to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes all of a CFCs subpart F income,
whether or not such income is actually distributed by the CFC, provided that the foreign
corporation has been a CFC for at least 30 uninterrupted days in its taxable year. Subpart F
income generally includes interest, OID, dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or
securities, receipts with respect to securities loans, and net payments received with respect to
equity swaps and similar derivatives. Subpart F income is treated as ordinary income, regardless
of the character of the CFCs underlying income. Net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year do
not flow through to an investing Fund and thus will not be available to offset income or capital
gain generated from that Funds other investments. To the extent the Fund invests in a CFC and
recognizes subpart F income in excess of actual cash distributions from the CFC, it may be required
to sell assets (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to generate the cash necessary to
distribute as dividends to its shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore to eliminate
any tax liability at the Fund level.
Loss of RIC Status
The Fund may experience particular difficulty qualifying as a RIC, for example, in the case of
highly unusual market movements, or in the case of high redemption levels, and/or during the first
year of its operations.
If the Fund were to not qualify for taxation as a RIC for any taxable year, the Funds income would
be taxed at the Fund level at regular corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and
profits, including distributions of net long-term capital gains, generally would be taxable to
shareholders as ordinary income. Such distributions generally would be eligible (i) to be treated
as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the
dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders, provided, in both cases, the
shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Funds shares.
In addition, in order to re-qualify for taxation as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment,
the
54
Fund may be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest on such
gains, and make certain substantial distributions.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of the Funds shares
of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate
shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct
shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement,
but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the
current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact
that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of
whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax
advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual
circumstances.
State, Local, and Other Tax Matters
The foregoing discussion relates only to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in
the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations. The
consequences under other tax laws may differ. This discussion has not addressed all aspects of
taxation that may be relevant to particular shareholders in light of their own investment or tax
circumstances, or to particular types of shareholders (including insurance companies, financial
institutions or broker-dealers, tax-exempt entities, foreign corporations, and persons who are not
citizens or residents of the United States) subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal
income tax laws. This summary is based on the Code, the regulations thereunder, published rulings,
and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a
retroactive basis. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the precise tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund in light of their particular tax situation, including
possible foreign, state, local, or other applicable tax laws.
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified
plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the suitability of shares of
the Fund as an investment through such plans.
Additionally, most states permit mutual funds, such as the Fund, to pass through to their
shareholders the state tax exemption on income earned from investments in certain direct U.S.
Treasury obligations, as well as some limited types of U.S. government agency securities (such as
Federal Farm Credit Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank securities), so long as the Fund meets all
applicable state requirements. Therefore, shareholders in the Fund may be allowed to exclude from
their state taxable income distributions (if any) made to them by the Fund to the extent
attributable to interest the Fund earned on such investments. The availability of these exemptions
varies by state. Investments in securities of certain U.S. government agencies, including
securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), Fannie Mae, and
Freddie Mac, and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do
not qualify for these exemptions. Moreover, these exemptions may not be
55
available to corporate shareholders. All shareholders should consult their tax advisors regarding
the applicability of these exemptions to their situation.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The following tables present information regarding each Trustee and officer of the Trust as of the
date of this Statement of Additional Information. Each Trustees and officers date of birth
(DOB) is set forth after his or her name. Unless otherwise noted, (i) each Trustee and officer
has engaged in the principal occupation(s) noted in the table for at least the most recent five
years, although not necessarily in the same capacity, and (ii) the address of each Trustee and
officer is c/o GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110. Each Trustee serves in office until
the earlier of (a) the election and qualification of a successor at the next meeting of
shareholders called to elect Trustees or (b) the Trustee dies, resigns, or is removed as provided
in the Trusts governing documents. Each of the Trustees of the Trust, other than Mr. Kittredge, is
not an interested person of the Trust, as such term is used in the 1940 Act (each, an
Independent Trustee). Because the Fund does not hold annual meetings of shareholders, each
Trustee will hold office for an indeterminate period. Each officer serves in office until his or
her successor is elected and determined to be qualified to carry out the duties and
responsibilities of the office, or until the officer resigns or is removed from office.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Occupation(s)
|
|
Portfolios in
|
|
|
Name and Date
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|
Position(s) Held
|
|
Length of
|
|
During Past 5
|
|
Fund Complex
|
|
Other
|
of Birth
|
|
with the Trust
|
|
Time Served
|
|
Years
|
|
Overseen
|
|
Directorships Held
|
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Donald W. Glazer,
Esq.
DOB: 07/26/1944
|
|
Chairman of the
Board of Trustees
|
|
Chairman of the
Board of Trustees
since March 2005;
Lead Independent
Trustee (September
2004-March 2005);
Trustee since
December 2000.
|
|
ConsultantLaw and
Business
1
;
Author of Legal Treatises.
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Nicholas
Thorndike
DOB: 03/28/1933
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Since March 2005.
|
|
Director or trustee of various
corporations and charitable
organizations, including
Courier Corporation (a book
publisher and manufacturer)
(July 1989-present).
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
Director of Courier
Corporation (a book
publisher and
manufacturer).
|
56
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Occupation(s)
|
|
Portfolios in
|
|
|
Name and Date
|
|
Position(s) Held
|
|
Length of
|
|
During Past 5
|
|
Fund Complex
|
|
Other
|
of Birth
|
|
with the Trust
|
|
Time Served
|
|
Years
|
|
Overseen
|
|
Directorships Held
|
Peter Tufano
DOB: 04/22/1957
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Since December 2008.
|
|
Sylvan C. Coleman Professor of
Financial Management, Harvard
Business School (since 1989).
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
Trustee of State
Street Navigator
Securities Lending
Trust (3
Portfolios).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paul Braverman
DOB: 01/25/1949
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Since March 2010.
|
|
Director of Courier
Corporation (a book publisher
and manufacturer) (January
2008 present); Chief
Financial Officer, Wellington
Management Company, LLP (an
investment adviser) (March
1986 December 2007).
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
Director of Courier
Corporation (a book
publisher and
manufacturer).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INTERESTED TRUSTEE AND OFFICER
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joseph B.
Kittredge,
Jr.
2
DOB: 08/22/1954
|
|
Trustee;
President and Chief
Executive Officer
of the Trust
|
|
Trustee since March
2010; President and
Chief Executive
Officer of the
Trust since March
2009.
|
|
General Counsel, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(October 2005 present);
Partner, Ropes & Gray LLP
(prior to October 2005).
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
As part of Mr. Glazers work as a consultant, he provides part-time consulting
services to Goodwin Procter LLP (Goodwin). Goodwin has provided legal services to Renewable
Resources, LLC, an affiliate of GMO; GMO, in connection with its relationship with Renewable
Resources; and funds managed by Renewable Resources. Mr. Glazer has represented that he has no
financial interest in, and is not involved in the provision of, such legal services. In the
calendar years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2009, these entities paid $183,775 and
$397,491, respectively, in legal fees and disbursements to Goodwin. In correspondence with the
Staff of the SEC beginning in August 2006, the Independent Trustees legal counsel provided the
Staff with information regarding Mr. Glazers relationship with Goodwin and his other business
activities. On September 11, 2007, based on information that had been given to the Staff as of that
date, the Staff provided oral no-action assurance consistent with the opinion of the Independent
Trustees legal counsel that Mr. Glazer is not an interested person of the Trust.
|
|
2
|
|
Mr. Kittredge is an interested person of the Trust, as such term is used in the 1940
Act (an Interested Trustee), by virtue of his positions with the Trust and GMO indicated in the
table above.
|
57
Information About Each Trustees Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, or Skills for Board
Membership.
As described in additional detail below under Committees, the Governance Committee,
which is comprised solely of Independent Trustees, has responsibility for recommending to the Board
of Trustees the nomination of candidates for election as Trustees, including identifying, and
evaluating the skill sets and qualifications of, potential candidates. In recommending the
election of the current board members as Trustees, the Governance Committee generally considered
the educational, business and professional experience of each Trustee in determining his or her
qualifications to serve as a Trustee of the Funds. The Governance Committee focuses on the
complementary skills and experience of the Trustees as a group, as well as on those of any
particular Trustee. With respect to Messrs. Glazer, Thorndike, Tufano and Braverman, the
Governance Committee noted that these Trustees all had considerable experience in overseeing
investment management activities and/or related operations and in serving on the boards of other
companies. In addition, the Committee also considered, among other factors, the particular
attributes described below with respect to the various individual Trustees:
Donald W. Glazer Mr. Glazers experience serving as Chairman of the Board of Trustees and as a
director of other companies, his professional training and his experience as a business lawyer,
including as a partner at a leading law firm, and his business experience.
W. Nicholas Thorndike Mr. Thorndikes experience serving as Trustee of the Funds and in serving
on the boards of other corporate and charitable organizations, and his experience in the management
of a leading investment management firm.
Peter Tufano Mr. Tufanos experience serving as Trustee of the Funds and as a director of other
companies, and his professional training and his experience in business and finance, including as a
professor of financial management at a leading business school.
Paul Braverman Mr. Bravermans experience as a director, his professional training and his
experience as a certified public accountant and lawyer and his experience in the management of a
leading investment management firm.
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. Mr. Kittredges experience serving as President of the Trust and General
Counsel and a Member of GMO, his professional training and his experience as a lawyer representing
mutual funds and investment management firms, including as a partner at a leading law firm, and his
perspective on Board matters as a senior executive of GMO.
Information relating to the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees is
required by the registration form adopted by the SEC, does not constitute holding out the Board or
any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and does not impose any greater
responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board as a whole than would otherwise be
the case.
58
Other Officers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Position(s) Held
|
|
Length
|
|
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Name and Date of Birth
|
|
with the Trust
|
|
of Time Served
|
|
During Past 5 Years
1
|
Sheppard N. Burnett
DOB: 10/24/1968
|
|
Treasurer and Chief
Financial Officer
|
|
Chief Financial
Officer since March
2007; Treasurer
since November
2006; Assistant
Treasurer,
September 2004
November 2006.
|
|
Head of Fund Administration
(December 2006-present), Fund
Administration Staff (June
2004-November 2006), Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
John L. Nasrah
DOB: 05/27/1977
|
|
Assistant Treasurer
|
|
Since March 2007.
|
|
Fund Administrator, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(September 2004-present).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mahmoodur Rahman
DOB: 11/30/1967
|
|
Assistant Treasurer
|
|
Since September
2007.
|
|
Fund Administrator, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(April 2007-present); Vice
President and Senior Tax
Manager, Massachusetts
Financial Services Company
(January 2000-April 2007).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carolyn Haley
DOB: 07/12/1966
|
|
Assistant Treasurer
|
|
Since June 2009.
|
|
Fund Administrator, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(May 2009-present); Treasurer
and Chief Compliance Officer,
Hambrecht & Quist Capital
Management LLC (April
2007-April 2009); Senior
Manager,
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
(2003-2007).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michael E. Gillespie
DOB: 02/18/1958
|
|
Chief Compliance
Officer
|
|
Since March 2005.
|
|
Chief Compliance Officer, GMO
Trust (March 2005-present);
Vice President of Compliance,
Fidelity Investments (June
2004-February 2005).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jason B. Harrison
DOB: 01/29/1977
|
|
Vice President and
Clerk
|
|
Vice President
since November
2006; Clerk since
March 2006.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (since
February 2006); Attorney,
Ropes & Gray LLP (September
2002-February 2006).
|
|
59
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Position(s) Held
|
|
Length
|
|
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Name and Date of Birth
|
|
with the Trust
|
|
of Time Served
|
|
During Past 5 Years
1
|
David L. Bohan
DOB: 06/21/1964
|
|
Vice President and
Assistant Clerk
|
|
Vice President
since March 2005;
Assistant Clerk
since March 2006.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gregory L. Pottle
DOB: 07/09/1971
|
|
Vice President and
Assistant Clerk
|
|
Since November 2006.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anne K. Trinque
DOB: 04/15/1978
|
|
Vice President and
Assistant Clerk
|
|
Since September
2007.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(January 2007-present);
Attorney, Goodwin Procter LLP
(September 2003-January 2007).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cheryl Wakeham
DOB: 10/29/1958
|
|
Vice President and
Anti-Money
Laundering Officer
|
|
Since December 2004.
|
|
Manager, Client Service
Administration, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Each of Messrs. Burnett, Bohan and Pottle serves as an officer and/or director of
certain pooled investment vehicles of which GMO or an affiliate of GMO serves as the investment
adviser.
|
Trustees Responsibilities.
Under the provisions of the GMO Declaration of Trust, the
Trustees manage the business of the Trust, an open-end management investment company. The Trustees
have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility, including the power to
engage in securities transactions on behalf of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, the
Trustees may: adopt By-Laws not inconsistent with the Declaration of Trust providing for the
regulation and management of the affairs of the Trust; amend and repeal By-Laws to the extent that
such By-Laws do not reserve that right to the shareholders; fill vacancies in or remove members of
the Board of Trustees (including any vacancies created by an increase in the number of Trustees);
remove members of the Board of Trustees with or without cause; elect and remove such officers and
appoint and terminate agents as they consider appropriate; appoint members of the Board of Trustees
to one or more committees consisting of two or more Trustees, which may exercise the powers and
authority of the Trustees, and terminate any such appointments; employ one or more custodians of
the assets of the Trust and authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to deposit all or
any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities or with a
Federal Reserve Bank; retain a transfer agent or a shareholder servicing agent, or both; provide
for the distribution of Shares by the Trust, through one or more principal underwriters or
otherwise; set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to various matters;
and in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to
any committee of the Trustees, and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any such custodian
or underwriter.
Board Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight.
The Board of Trustees is responsible for the
general oversight of the GMO Funds affairs and for assuring that each GMO Fund is managed in the
best interests of its shareholders. The Board regularly reviews each GMO Funds investment
performance as well as the quality of services provided to the GMO Fund and its
60
shareholders by GMO
and its affiliates, including shareholder servicing. At least annually, the
Board reviews and evaluates the fees and operating expenses paid by each GMO Fund for these
services and negotiates changes that it deems appropriate. In carrying out these responsibilities,
the Board is assisted by the GMO Funds auditors, independent counsel to the Independent Trustees
and other persons as appropriate, who are selected by and responsible to the Board. In addition,
the GMO Funds Chief Compliance Officer is independent of GMO, and reports directly to the Board.
Currently, all but one of the Trustees are Independent Trustees. The Independent Trustees must
vote separately to approve all financial arrangements and other agreements with the GMO Funds
investment adviser, GMO, and other affiliated parties. The role of the Independent Trustees has
been characterized as that of a watchdog charged with oversight of protecting shareholders
interests against overreaching and abuse by those who are in a position to control or influence a
fund. The Independent Trustees meet regularly as a group in executive session without
representatives of GMO present. An Independent Board Member currently serves as Chairman of the
Board of Trustees.
Taking into account the number, diversity and complexity of the GMO Funds overseen by the Board of
Trustees and the aggregate amount of assets under management in the GMO Funds, the Board has
determined that the efficient conduct of its affairs makes it desirable to delegate responsibility
for certain specific matters to committees of the Board. These committees, which are described in
more detail below, review and evaluate matters specified in their charters and make recommendations
to the Board as they deem appropriate. Each committee may utilize the resources of the GMO Funds
counsel and auditors as well as other persons. The committees meet from time to time, either in
conjunction with regular meetings of the Board or otherwise. The membership and chair of each
committee are appointed by the Board upon recommendation of the Governance Committee. The
membership and chair of each committee other than the Risk Oversight Committee consists exclusively
of Independent Trustees.
The Board of Trustees has determined that this committee structure also allows the Board to focus
more effectively on the oversight of risk as part of its broader oversight of each GMO Funds
affairs. While risk management is primarily the responsibility of the Funds investment adviser,
GMO, the Board regularly receives reports, including reports from GMO and the GMO Funds Chief
Compliance Officer, regarding investment risks, compliance risks, and certain other risks
applicable to the GMO Funds. The Boards committee structure allows separate committees, such as
the Audit Committee, Pricing Committee, and Governance Committee, which are discussed in more
detail below under Committees, to focus on different aspects of these risks within the scope of
the committees authority and their potential impact on some or all of the GMO Funds, and to
discuss with the GMO the ways in which GMO monitors and controls such risks. The Board has also
established a separate Risk Oversight Committee to oversee the management of risks applicable to
the GMO Funds, to the extent such risks are not overseen by a separate standing committee of the
Board or by the Board itself.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the GMO Funds can be identified, that it
may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be
necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve a GMO Funds goals,
that reports received by the Trustees with respect to risk management matters are typically
summaries of the relevant information, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed
61
to
address risks may be limited in their effectiveness. As a result of the foregoing and other
factors, risk management oversight by the Board and by the Committees is subject to substantial
limitations.
Committees
The Board of Trustees has the authority to establish committees, which may exercise the power and
authority of the Trustees to the extent the Board determines. The committees assist the Board of
Trustees in performing its functions and duties under the 1940 Act and Massachusetts law.
The Board of Trustees currently has established four standing committees: the Audit Committee, the
Pricing Committee, the Risk Oversight Committee, and the Governance Committee. During the Trusts
fiscal year ended February 28, 2010, the Audit Committee held six meetings; the Pricing Committee
held seven meetings; and the Governance Committee held four meetings. The Risk Oversight Committee
was formed following the Trusts fiscal year ended February 28, 2010 and therefore did not hold any
meetings during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2010.
Audit Committee.
The Audit Committee (i) oversees the Trusts accounting and financial reporting
policies and practices and internal controls over financial reporting; (ii) oversees the quality
and objectivity of the Trusts financial statements and the independent audit of those statements;
(iii) appoints, determines the independence and compensation of, and oversees the work performed by
the Trusts independent auditors in preparing or issuing an audit report or related work;
(iv) approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the Trust, and certain other
persons by the Trusts independent auditors; and (v) acts as a liaison between the Trusts
independent auditors and the Board of Trustees.
Mr. Tufano, Mr. Braverman, and Mr. Thorndike are members of the Audit Committee, and Mr. Glazer is an
alternate member of the Audit Committee. Mr. Tufano and Mr. Braverman each serve as Co-Chairman of the Audit Committee.
Pricing Committee.
The Pricing Committee oversees the valuation of the securities and other assets
held by the GMO Funds, reviews and makes recommendations regarding the Trusts Pricing Policies,
and, to the extent required by the Trusts Pricing Policies, determines the fair value of the
securities or other assets held by the GMO Funds. Mr. Glazer and Mr. Tufano are members of the
Pricing Committee, and Mr. Thorndike and Mr. Braverman are alternate members of the Pricing
Committee. Mr. Glazer is the Chairman of the Pricing Committee.
Risk Oversight Committee.
The Risk Oversight Committee assists the Board in overseeing the
management of risks applicable to the GMO Funds to the extent those risks are not overseen by
another standing committee of the Board or by the Board itself (e.g., financial reporting and
audit-related operational or compliance risks, which are overseen by the Audit Committee,
valuation-related operational or compliance risks, which are overseen by the Pricing Committee, or
legal risks, which are overseen by the Board as a whole) including, without limitation, investment,
operational and compliance risks.
All of the Trustees are members of the Risk Oversight Committee, and Mr. Kittredge is the Chairman and
Mr. Braverman is the Vice-Chairman of the Risk Oversight Committee.
Governance Committee.
The Governance Committee oversees general Fund governance-related matters,
including making recommendations to the Board of Trustees relating to governance of
62
the Trust,
reviewing possible conflicts of interest and independence issues involving Trustees,
considering the skill sets and qualifications of prospective Trustees and to propose to the Board
candidates to serve as Trustees, overseeing the determination that any person serving as legal
counsel for the Independent Trustees qualifies as independent legal counsel, as that term is
defined in the 1940 Act, and performing any other functions delegated to it by the Board of
Trustees. Mr. Thorndike, Mr. Thorndike, Mr. Glazer, and Mr. Tufano are members of the Governance Committee.
Mr. Thorndike is the Chairman of the Governance Committee.
As described above under Information About Each Trustees Experience, Qualifications, Attributes
or Skills for Board Membership, the Governance Committee has responsibility for recommending to
the Board of Trustees the nomination of candidates for election as Trustees, including identifying,
and evaluating the skill sets and qualifications of, potential candidates. Prospective nominees may
be recommended by the current Trustees, the Trusts Officers, GMO, current shareholders or other
sources that the Governance Committee deems appropriate. Candidates properly submitted by
shareholders will be considered on the same basis as candidates recommended by other sources. The
Governance Committee has full discretion to reject nominees who are recommended by shareholders.
The Governance Committee considers a variety of qualifications, skills and other attributes in
evaluating potential candidates for nomination to the Board of Trustees. The attributes considered
may include, but are not limited to: (i) relevant industry and related experience, including
experience serving on other boards; (ii) skill sets, areas of expertise, abilities and judgment;
and (iii) availability and commitment to attend meetings and to perform the responsibilities of a
Trustee. In evaluating potential candidates, the Governance Committee also considers the overall
composition of the Board of Trustees and assesses the needs of the Board and its committees.
Shareholders may recommend nominees to the Board of Trustees by writing the Board of Trustees, c/o
GMO Trust Chief Compliance Officer, GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. A
recommendation must (i) be in writing and signed by the shareholder, (ii) identify the GMO Fund to
which it relates, and (iii) identify the class and number of shares held by the shareholder.
63
Trustee Fund Ownership
The following table sets forth ranges of the current Trustees direct beneficial share ownership in
the Fund and the aggregate dollar ranges of their direct beneficial share ownership in all GMO
Funds (including GMO Funds not offered in the Prospectus) as of December 31, 2009.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares
|
|
|
|
|
Directly Owned in all
|
|
|
Dollar Range of
|
|
Funds of the Trust (whether
|
|
|
Shares Directly Owned in
|
|
or not offered in the Prospectus)
|
Name
|
|
the Fund *
|
|
Overseen by Trustee*
|
Donald W. Glazer
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
W. Nicholas Thorndike
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
Peter Tufano
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
Paul Braverman
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr.
|
|
None
|
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information, and therefore, has not yet offered any shares for sale.
|
The following table sets forth ranges of Mr. Glazers indirect beneficial share ownership in
the Fund and the aggregate dollar range of his indirect beneficial share ownership in all GMO Funds
(including GMO Funds not offered in the Prospectus), as of December 31, 2009, by virtue of his
direct ownership of shares of certain GMO Funds that invest in other GMO Funds and of other private
investment companies managed by the Manager that invest in GMO Funds.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of
|
|
|
|
|
Shares Indirectly Owned in all
|
|
|
Dollar Range of
|
|
Funds of the Trust (whether
|
|
|
Shares Indirectly Owned
|
|
or not offered in the Prospectus)
|
Name
|
|
in the Fund*
|
|
Overseen by Trustee*
|
Donald W. Glazer
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information, and therefore, has not yet offered any shares for sale.
|
Trustee Ownership of Securities Issued by the Manager or Principal Underwriter
None.
64
Trustee Ownership of Related Companies
The following table sets forth information about securities owned by the Independent Trustees and
their family members, as of December 31, 2009, in the Manager, Funds Distributor, LLC, the Funds
principal underwriter, or entities directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under
common control with the Manager or Funds Distributor, LLC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of
|
|
Owner(s) and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Interested
|
|
Relationship
|
|
|
|
Title of
|
|
Value of
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
to Trustee
|
|
Company
|
|
Class
|
|
Securities
2
|
|
% of Class
|
Donald W. Glazer
|
|
Self
|
|
GMO Multi-Strategy
Fund (Offshore), a
private investment
company managed by
the
Manager.
1
|
|
Limited partnership
interest- Class A
|
|
$
|
1,113,343.82
|
|
|
|
0.035
|
%
|
W. Nicholas
Thorndike
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
Peter Tufano
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
Paul Braverman
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
The Manager may be deemed to control this fund by virtue of its serving as
investment manager of the fund and by virtue of its ownership of all the outstanding voting shares
of the fund as of December 31, 2009.
|
|
2
|
|
Securities valued as of December 31, 2009.
|
Remuneration.
The Trust has adopted a compensation policy for its Trustees. Each Trustee
receives an annual retainer from the Trust for his services. In addition, each Chairman of the
Trusts standing committees and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees receive an annual fee. Each
Trustee also is paid a fee for participating in in-person and telephone meetings of the Board of
Trustees and its committees, and a fee for consideration of actions proposed to be taken by written
consent. The Trust pays no additional compensation for travel time to meetings, attendance at
directors educational seminars or conferences, service on industry or association committees,
participation as speakers at directors conferences, or service on special director task forces or
subcommittees, although the Trust does reimburse Trustees for seminar or conference fees and for
travel expenses incurred in connection with attendance at seminars or conferences. The Trustees do
not receive any employee benefits such as pension or retirement benefits or health insurance.
65
Other than as set forth in the table below, no Trustee of the Trust received any direct
compensation from the Trust or the Fund during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Person, Position
1
|
|
|
|
|
Donald W.
|
|
|
|
W. Nicholas
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Glazer, Esq.,
|
|
|
|
Thorndike,
|
|
|
|
Peter Tufano,
|
|
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Compensation from The Fund:
|
|
$
|
240
|
2
|
|
$
|
186
|
2
|
|
$
|
187
|
2
|
Pension or Retirement Benefits
Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses:
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon
Retirement:
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
Total Compensation from the Trust:
|
|
$
|
343,582
|
3
|
|
$
|
266,832
|
3
|
|
$
|
273,970
|
3
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Paul Braverman and Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. were elected as Trustees effective March
2010 and did not receive any direct compensation from the Trust or the Fund during the Trusts
fiscal year ended February 28, 2010.
|
|
2
|
|
Reflects an estimate of the direct compensation to be paid to each Trustee for the
Funds initial fiscal year ending February 28, 2011. Actual direct compensation paid to the
Trustees will vary depending on the net assets of the Fund throughout its initial fiscal year.
|
|
3
|
|
Reflects actual direct compensation received during the fiscal year ended February 28,
2010 from GMO Funds that had commenced operations on or before February 28, 2010, including GMO
Funds that are not offered through the Prospectus.
|
Mr. Kittredge does not receive any compensation from the Trust, but as a member of the Manager
will benefit from management, shareholder servicing, administration, and any other fees paid to GMO
and its affiliates by the Fund and various other GMO Funds not offered through the Prospectus. The
officers of the Trust do not receive any employee benefits such as pension or retirement benefits
or health insurance from the Trust.
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information, and therefore, has not yet offered any shares for sale. Therefore, as of the date
hereof, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding
shares of each class of shares of the Fund.
Code of Ethics.
The Trust and the Manager have each adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to the
requirements of the 1940 Act. Under the Code of Ethics, personnel are permitted to engage in
personal securities transactions only in accordance with specified conditions relating to their
position, the identity of the security, the timing of the transaction, and similar factors.
Transactions in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund are permitted, subject to
compliance with the Code. Personal securities transactions must be reported quarterly and broker
confirmations must be provided for review.
The non-interested Trustees of the Trust are subject to a separate Code of Ethics for the
Independent Trustees pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Transactions by the Independent
Trustees in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, are
permitted, subject to compliance with the Code of Ethics. Pursuant to the Code of Ethics, an
Independent Trustee ordinarily is not required to report his or her personal securities
66
transactions or to identify his or her brokerage accounts to the Fund or its representatives,
subject to certain limited exceptions specified in the Code of Ethics.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Management Contracts
As disclosed in the Prospectus under the heading Management of the Trust, under a Management
Contract (the Management Contract) between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Manager,
subject to such policies as the Trustees of the Trust may determine, the Manager furnishes
continuously an investment or asset allocation program, as applicable, for the Fund, and makes
investment decisions on behalf of the Fund and places all orders for the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities. Subject to the control of the Trustees, the Manager also manages,
supervises, and conducts the other affairs and business of the Trust, furnishes office space and
equipment, provides bookkeeping and certain clerical services, and pays all salaries, fees, and
expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust who are affiliated with the Manager. As indicated
under Portfolio Transactions Brokerage and Research Services, the Trusts portfolio
transactions may be placed with broker-dealers who furnish the Manager, at no cost, research,
statistical and quotation services of value to the Manager in advising the Trust or its other
clients.
As disclosed in the Prospectus, the Manager has contractually agreed to waive and/or reimburse the
Fund for specified Fund expenses through at least August 2, 2011.
The Management Contract provides that the Manager shall not be subject to any liability in
connection with the performance of its services in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith,
gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties.
The Management Contract was approved by the Trustees of the Trust (including a majority of the
Trustees who were not interested persons of the Manager) and by the Funds sole initial
shareholder in connection with the organization of the Trust and the establishment of the Fund.
The Management Contract continues in effect for a period of two years from the date of its
execution and continuously thereafter so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by
(i) the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees
who are not interested persons of the Manager or the Trust, and by (ii) the majority vote of
either the full Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
The Management Contract automatically terminates on assignment, and is terminable on not more than
60 days notice by the Trust to the Manager. In addition, the Management Contract may be
terminated on not more than 60 days written notice by the Manager to the Trust.
The Management Fee is calculated based on a fixed percentage of the Funds average daily net
assets. The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information and, therefore, has not yet paid any Management Fees to the Manager as of the date
hereof.
67
In the event that the Manager ceases to be the manager of the Fund, the right of the Trust to use
the identifying name GMO may be withdrawn.
Portfolio Management
GMOs Emerging Markets Division is responsible for overall investment management and strategic
direction of the Fund. GMOs Quantitative Equity Division manages a portion of the Fund under the
strategic direction of the Emerging Markets Division. Each divisions investment professionals
work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no one person is primarily responsible for
day-to-day management of the Fund.
The following table sets forth information about accounts overseen or managed by the senior members
of the divisions as of February 28, 2010.
68
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered investment companies managed
|
|
Other pooled investment vehicles
|
|
Separate accounts managed
|
|
|
(including non-GMO mutual fund
|
|
managed (world-wide)
|
|
(world-wide)
|
|
|
subadvisory relationships)
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
Senior Member
|
|
Number of accounts
1
|
|
Total assets
1,2
|
|
accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
Amit Bhartia
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
Arjun Divecha
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
8,779,705,905.19
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
1,285,525,127.08
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
3,560,947,067.51
|
|
Mark Ingham
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered investment companies managed
|
|
Other pooled investment vehicles
|
|
Separate accounts managed (world-
|
|
|
for which GMO receives a performance-
|
|
managed (world-wide) for which GMO
|
|
wide) for which GMO receives a
|
|
|
based fee (including non-GMO mutual
|
|
receives a performance-based fee
|
|
performance-based fee
|
|
|
fund subadvisory relationships)
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
Number of accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
Amit Bhartia
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
Arjun Divecha
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
1,803,384,192.62
|
|
Mark Ingham
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Includes GMO Funds (including GMO Funds not offered through the Prospectus) that
had commenced operations on or before February 28, 2010.
|
|
2
|
|
Total assets includes assets invested by other GMO Funds.
|
69
Because the senior members manage other accounts, including accounts that pay higher fees or
accounts that pay performance-based fees, potential conflicts of interest exist, including
potential conflicts between the investment strategy of the Fund and the investment strategy of the
other accounts managed by the senior members and potential conflicts in the allocation of investment
opportunities between the Fund and the other accounts.
Senior members of each division (including the Emerging Markets division) are generally members
(partners) of GMO. As of February 28, 2010, the compensation of the senior members consisted of a
fixed annual base salary, a partnership interest in the firms profits and, possibly, an
additional, discretionary, bonus related to the senior members contribution to GMOs success. The
compensation program does not disproportionately reward outperformance by higher fee/performance
fee products. Base salary is determined by taking into account current industry norms and market
data to ensure that GMO pays a competitive base salary. The level of partnership interest is
determined by taking into account the individuals contribution to GMO and its mission statement.
A discretionary bonus may also be paid to recognize specific business contributions and to ensure
that the total level of compensation is competitive with the market. Because each persons
compensation is based on his or her individual performance, GMO does not have a typical percentage
split among base salary, bonus and other compensation. A GMO membership interest is the primary
incentive for persons to maintain employment with GMO. GMO believes this is the best incentive to
maintain stability of portfolio management personnel.
Senior Member Fund Ownership.
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this
Statement of Additional Information, and therefore, has not yet offered any shares for sale.
Therefore, as of the date hereof, Mr. Divecha, Mr. Bhartia, and Mr. Ingham
had no direct or indirect ownership of the Fund.
Custodial Arrangements and Fund Accounting Agents
. As described in the Prospectus, Brown Brothers
Harriman & Co. (BBH), 40 Water Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, serves as the Trusts
custodian and fund accounting agent on behalf of the Fund. As such, BBH holds in safekeeping
certificated securities and cash belonging to the Fund and, in such capacity, is the registered
owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the Fund. Upon instruction, BBH receives and
delivers cash and securities of the Fund in connection with Fund transactions and collects all
dividends and other distributions made with respect to Fund portfolio securities. BBH also
maintains certain accounts and records of the Trust and calculates the total net asset value, total
net income and net asset value per share of the Fund on a daily basis.
Shareholder Service Arrangements
. As disclosed in the Prospectus, pursuant to the terms of a single
Servicing Agreement with the Fund, GMO provides direct client service, maintenance, and reporting
to shareholders of the Fund. The Servicing Agreement was approved by the Trustees of the Trust
(including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Manager or the
Trust). The Servicing Agreement will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from
the date of its execution only so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the
vote, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are
not interested persons of the Manager or the Trust, and (ii) the majority vote of the full Board
of Trustees. The Servicing Agreement automatically terminates on assignment
70
(except as specifically provided in the Servicing Agreement) and is terminable by either party upon
not more than 60 days written notice to the other party.
The Trust entered into the Servicing Agreement with GMO on May 30, 1996. The Fund will commence
operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional Information and, therefore, has
not yet paid any amounts to GMO pursuant to the terms of the Servicing Agreement as of the date
hereof. Once the Fund commences operations, Class II shares, Class III shares, Class IV shares,
Class V shares and Class VI shares of the Fund will pay the Manager a Shareholder Service Fee of
0.22%, 0.15%, 0.105%, 0.085% and 0.055%, respectively, of the Funds average daily net assets
attributable to the relevant class of shares of the Fund.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
. The Trusts independent registered public
accounting firm is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 125 High Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP conducts annual audits of the Trusts financial statements, assists in
the preparation of the Funds federal and state income tax returns, consults with the Trust as to
matters of accounting and federal and state income taxation, and provides assistance in connection
with the preparation of various SEC filings.
Distributor
. Funds Distributor, LLC, 10 High Street, Suite 302, Boston, Massachusetts 02110,
serves as the Trusts distributor on behalf of the Fund. GMO pays all distribution-related
expenses of the Fund.
Counsel
. Ropes & Gray LLP, One International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as counsel
to the Trust. Bingham McCutchen LLP, 150 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as
independent counsel to the non-interested Trustees of the Trust.
Transfer Agent.
State Street Bank serves as the Trusts transfer agent on behalf of the Fund.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Decisions to buy and sell portfolio securities for the Fund and for each of its other investment
advisory clients are made by the Manager with a view to achieving each clients investment
objectives taking into consideration other account-specific factors such as, without limitation,
cash flows into or out of the account, current holdings, the accounts benchmark(s), applicable
regulatory limitations, cash restrictions, applicable transaction documentation requirements,
market registration requirements and/or time constraints limiting the Managers ability to confirm
adequate transaction documentation or seek interpretation of investment guideline ambiguities.
Therefore, a particular security may be bought or sold only for certain clients of the Manager even
though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Also, a particular
security may be bought/sold for one or more clients when one or more other clients are
selling/buying the security or taking a short position in the security, including clients invested
in the same investment strategy. Distressed markets (such as the emerging country debt market) may
magnify the disparate treatment of accounts with different liquidity requirements.
The Manager may engage in cross trades where, as investment manager to a client account, the
Manager causes that client account to purchase a security directly from another client account.
71
In certain cases, the Manager may identify investment opportunities that are suitable for the Fund
and one or more private investment companies for which the Manager or one of its affiliates serves
as investment manager, general partner and/or managing member (GMO Private Funds). In most
cases, the Manager receives greater compensation in respect of a GMO Private Fund (including
incentive-based compensation) than it receives in respect of the Fund. In addition, senior members
or other portfolio managers frequently have a personal investment in a GMO Private Fund that is
greater than such persons investment in the Fund (or, in some cases, may have no investment in the
Fund). The Manager itself also makes investments in GMO Private Funds. To help manage these
potential conflicts, the Manager has developed and reviewed with the Trusts Board of Trustees
trade allocation policies that establish a framework for allocating initial public offerings
(IPOs) and other limited opportunities that takes into account the needs and objectives of the
Fund and the other GMO clients.
Transactions involving the issuance of Fund shares for securities or assets other than cash will be
limited to a bona fide reorganization or statutory merger and to other acquisitions of portfolio
securities that meet all of the following conditions: (i) such securities meet the investment
objective and policies of the Fund; (ii) such securities are acquired for investment and not for
resale; and (iii) such securities can be valued pursuant to the Trusts pricing policies.
Brokerage and Research Services
. In selecting brokers and dealers to effect portfolio transactions
for the Fund, the Manager seeks best execution. Best execution is not based solely on the explicit
commission charged by the broker/dealer and, consequently, a broker/dealer effecting a transaction
may be paid a commission higher than that charged by another broker/dealer. Seeking best price and
execution involves the weighing of qualitative as well as quantitative factors and evaluations of
best execution are, to a large extent, possible only after multiple trades have been completed.
The Manager does place trades with broker/dealers that provide investment ideas and other research
services, even if the relevant broker has not yet demonstrated an ability to effect best price and
execution; however, trading with such a broker (as with any and all brokers) will typically be
curtailed or suspended, in due course, if the Manager is not reasonably satisfied with the quality
of particular trade executions, unless or until the broker has altered its execution capabilities
in such a way that the Manager can reasonably conclude that the broker is capable of achieving best
price and execution.
The determination of what may constitute best execution involves a number of considerations,
including, without limitation, the overall net economic result to the Fund; the efficiency with
which the transaction is effected; access to order flow; the ability of the executing broker/dealer
to effect the transaction where a large block is involved; reliability (e.g., lack of failed
trades); availability of the broker/dealer to stand ready to execute possibly difficult
transactions in the future; technological capabilities of the broker/dealer; in the case of fixed
income securities, the broker/dealers inventory of securities sought; the financial strength and
stability of the broker/dealer; and the relative weighting of opportunity costs (i.e., timeliness
of execution) by different strategies. Additionally, regulations in certain markets, primarily
emerging markets, require the Manager to identify and trade with one or a limited number of brokers
on behalf of clients. In some instances, the Manager may utilize principal bids with consideration
to such factors as reported broker flow, past bids and a firms ability and willingness to commit
capital.
72
Most of the foregoing are judgmental considerations made in advance of the trade and are not always
borne out by the actual execution.
The Managers broker/dealer selection may, in addition to the factors listed above, also be based
on research services provided by the broker/dealer. The Manager may also direct trades to
broker/dealers based in part on the broker/dealers history of providing, and capability to
continue providing, pricing information for securities purchased. Best execution may be determined
for investment strategies without regard to client specific limitations (e.g., limits on the use of
derivatives for anticipatory hedging).
Generally, the Manager determines the overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid upon
consideration of the relative merits of a number of factors, which may include: (i) the net
economic effect to the Fund; (ii) historical and current commission rates; (iii) the kind and
quality of the execution services rendered; (iv) the size and nature of the transactions effected;
and (v) research services received. In some instances, the Manager may evaluate best execution on
principal bids based on the total commissions charged (the bid for handling a trade as a principal
trade) since the trades were filled at the price set at an agreed upon time (e.g., previous nights
close) and any additional impact or cost is represented by the cents per share or basis points
extra paid in addition to a typical commission rate. These factors are considered mostly over
multiple transactions covering extended periods of time and are used to evaluate the relative
performance of the brokers and other institutions used to effect transactions for accounts.
Because the Manager will frequently use broker/dealers that provide research in all markets and
that research is a factor in evaluating broker/dealers, the Manager relies on the statutory safe
harbor in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act).
However, the Manager does not participate in any formal soft dollar arrangements involving third
party research (i.e., research provided by someone other than the executing broker/dealer) or the
payment of any of the Managers out-of-pocket expenses. In all cases, the research services
received by the Manager are limited to the types of research contemplated by Section 28(e) of the
1934 Act. Research services provided by broker/dealers take various forms, including personal
interviews with analysts, written reports, pricing services in respect of securities, and meetings
arranged with various sources of information regarding particular issuers, industries, governmental
policies, specific information about local markets and applicable regulations, economic trends, and
other matters. To the extent that services of value are received by the Manager, the Manager may
avoid expenses which might otherwise be incurred. Such services furnished to the Manager may be
used in furnishing investment or other advice to all of the Managers clients, including the Fund,
and services received from a broker/dealer which executed transactions for the Fund will not
necessarily be used by the Manager specifically in servicing the Fund.
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information and, therefore, has not yet paid any amounts in brokerage commissions or acquired
securities of any brokers or dealers (as defined in the 1940 Act) or of their parents.
Due to restrictions under the 1940 Act, it is possible that, as the result of certain affiliations
between a broker/dealer or its affiliates and the Fund, the Manager or the Funds distributor, the
73
Fund may refrain, or be required to refrain, from engaging in principal trades with such
broker/dealer. Additionally, the Fund may be restricted in its ability to purchase securities
issued by affiliates of the Funds distributor.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Trust has adopted a proxy voting policy under which responsibility to vote proxies related to
its portfolio securities has been delegated to the Manager. The Board of Trustees of the Trust has
reviewed and approved the proxy voting policies and procedures the Manager follows when voting
proxies on behalf of the Fund. The Trusts proxy voting policy and the Managers proxy voting
policies and procedures are attached to this Statement of Additional Information as
Appendix
B
.
The Managers proxy voting policies on a particular issue may or may not reflect the views of
individual members of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or a majority of the Board of Trustees.
Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most
recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available on the Trusts website at www.gmo.com and on
the Securities and Exchange Commissions website at www.sec.gov no later than August 31 of each
year.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The policy of the Trust is to protect the confidentiality of the Funds portfolio holdings and to
prevent inappropriate selective disclosure of those holdings. The Board of Trustees has approved
this policy and material amendments require its approval.
Registered investment companies that are sub-advised by GMO may be subject to different portfolio
holdings disclosure policies, and neither GMO nor the Board of Trustees exercises control over
those policies. In addition, separate account clients of GMO have access to their portfolio
holdings and are not subject to the Funds portfolio holdings disclosure policies. Some of the
funds that are sub-advised by GMO and some of the separate accounts managed by GMO have
substantially similar investment objectives and strategies and, therefore, potentially similar
portfolio holdings.
Neither GMO nor the Fund will receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with
its disclosure of the Funds portfolio holdings.
GMO may disclose the Funds portfolio holdings (together with any other information from which the
Funds portfolio holdings could reasonably be derived, as reasonably determined by GMO) (the
Portfolio Holdings Information) to shareholders, qualified potential shareholders as determined
by GMO, and their consultants and agents (collectively, Permitted Recipients) by means of the GMO
website. The Funds Prospectus describes the type of information disclosed on GMOs website, as
well as the frequency with which it is disclosed and the lag between the
date of the information and the date of its disclosure. The top fifteen holdings of the Fund may
be posted monthly on GMOs website. In response to market interest in specific issuers, the
74
Funds
holdings in one or more issuers may be made available on a more frequent basis as circumstances
warrant. No confidentiality agreement is needed to access this information. GMO also may make
Portfolio Holdings Information available to Permitted Recipients by email, or by any other means in
such scope and form and with such frequency as GMO may reasonably determine, no earlier than the
day next following the day on which the Portfolio Holdings Information is posted on the GMO website
(provided that the Funds Prospectus describes the nature and scope of the Portfolio Holdings
Information that will be available on the GMO website, when the information will be available and
the period for which the information will remain available, and the location on the Funds website
where the information will be made available) or on the same day as a publicly available, routine
filing with the SEC that includes the Portfolio Holdings Information.
To receive Portfolio Holdings Information, Permitted Recipients must enter into a confidentiality
agreement with GMO and the Trust that requires that the Portfolio Holdings Information be used
solely for purposes determined by senior management of GMO to be in the best interest of the
shareholders of the Fund.
In some cases, GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information that has not been
made available to Permitted Recipients on the GMO website or in a publicly available, routine
filing with the SEC. That disclosure may only be made if senior management of GMO determines that
it is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Fund. In addition, the third party
receiving the Portfolio Holdings Information must enter into a confidentiality agreement with GMO
and the Trust that requires that the Portfolio Holdings Information be used solely for purposes
determined by GMO senior management to be in the best interest of the Funds shareholders. GMO
will seek to monitor a recipients use of the Portfolio Holdings Information provided under these
agreements and, if the terms of the agreements are violated, terminate disclosure and take
appropriate action.
The procedures pursuant to which GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information
that has not been made available to Permitted Recipients do not apply to Portfolio Holdings
Information provided to entities who provide on-going services to the Fund in connection with its
day-to-day operations and management, including GMO, GMOs affiliates, the Funds custodian and
auditors, the Funds pricing service vendors, broker-dealers when requesting bids for or price
quotations on securities, brokers in the normal course of trading on the Funds behalf, and persons
assisting the Fund in the voting of proxies. In addition, when an investor indicates that it wants
to purchase shares of the Fund in exchange for securities acceptable to GMO, GMO may make available
a list of securities that it would be willing to accept for the Fund, and, from time to time, the
securities on the list may overlap with securities currently held by the Fund.
No provision of this policy is intended to restrict or prevent the disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
Information as may be required by applicable law, rules or regulations.
Senior management of GMO may authorize any exceptions to these procedures. Exceptions must be
disclosed to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust.
If senior management of GMO identifies a potential conflict with respect to the disclosure of
75
Portfolio Holdings Information between the interests of the Funds shareholders, on the one hand,
and GMO or an affiliated person of GMO or the Fund, on the other, GMO is required to inform the
Trusts Chief Compliance Officer of the potential conflict, and the Trusts Chief Compliance
Officer has the power to decide whether, in light of the potential conflict, disclosure should be
permitted under the circumstances. The Trusts Chief Compliance Officer also is required to report
his decision to the Board of Trustees.
GMO periodically reports the following information to the Board of Trustees:
|
|
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Determinations made by senior management of GMO relating to the use of Portfolio
Holdings Information by Permitted Recipients and third parties;
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|
|
The nature and scope of disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information to third parties;
|
|
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Exceptions to the disclosure policy authorized by senior management of GMO; and
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Any other information the Trustees may request relating to the disclosure of Portfolio
Holdings Information.
|
Ongoing Arrangements To Make Portfolio Holdings Available
.
Senior management of GMO has authorized
disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going basis (generally, daily, except with
respect to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which receives holdings quarterly and as necessary in
connection with the services it provides to the Fund) to the following entities that provide
on-going services to the Fund in connection with its day-to-day operations and management, provided
that they agree or have a duty to maintain this information in confidence:
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Name of Recipient
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Purpose of Disclosure
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
|
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Compliance testing
|
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
|
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Custodial services and compliance testing
|
Boston Global Advisors
|
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Securities lending services
|
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
|
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Independent registered public accounting firm
|
RiskMetrics Group
|
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Corporate actions services
|
Interactive Data
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Fair value pricing
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FactSet
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Data service provider
|
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Senior management of GMO has authorized disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going
basis (daily) to the following recipients, provided that they agree or have a duty to
76
maintain this
information in confidence and are limited to using the information for the specific purpose for
which it was provided:
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Name of Recipient
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Purpose of Disclosure
|
Epstein & Associates, Inc.
|
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Software provider for Code of Ethics monitoring system
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Financial Models Company Inc.
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Recordkeeping system
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DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
The Trust, an open-end management investment company, is organized as a Massachusetts business
trust under the laws of Massachusetts by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust (Declaration of
Trust) dated June 24, 1985, as amended and restated September 10, 2009, and as such Declaration of
Trust may be amended from time to time. A copy of the Declaration of Trust is on file with the
Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Trust operates as a series investment
company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, each of which is represented by
a separate series of shares of beneficial interest. The Fund is a series of the Trust. The fiscal
year for the Fund ends on the last day of February.
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have currently authorized the issuance of an
unlimited number of full and fractional shares of sixty-three series: Tobacco-Free Core Fund;
Quality Fund; Real Estate Fund; Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund; International Intrinsic Value Fund;
Currency Hedged International Equity Fund; Foreign Fund; Foreign Small Companies Fund;
International Small Companies Fund; Emerging Markets Fund; Emerging Countries Fund; Tax-Managed
International Equities Fund; Domestic Bond Fund; Core Plus Bond Fund; International Bond Fund;
Currency Hedged International Bond Fund; Global Bond Fund; Emerging Country Debt Fund;
Short-Duration Investment Fund; Alpha Only Fund; Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund; International
Equity Allocation Fund; Global Balanced Asset Allocation Fund; Global Equity Allocation Fund; U.S.
Equity Allocation Fund; Special Purpose Holding Fund; Short-Duration Collateral Fund; Taiwan Fund;
World Opportunity Overlay Fund; Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund; Strategic Opportunities
Allocation Fund; World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund; Developed World Stock Fund; U.S.
Growth Fund; International Core Equity Fund; International Growth Equity Fund; U.S. Intrinsic Value
Fund; U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund; U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Fund; U.S. Core Equity Fund;
Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund; Strategic Fixed Income Fund; International Opportunities
Equity Allocation Fund; Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund; Special Situations Fund; Flexible
Equities Fund; U.S. Treasury Fund; Asset Allocation Bond Fund; Arlington Fund; Berkeley Fund;
Clarendon Fund; Dartmouth Fund; Exeter Fund; Fairfield Fund; Gloucester Fund; Hereford Fund;
Ipswich Fund; St. James Fund; Asset Allocation International Bond Fund; World Opportunity Overlay
Share Fund; Debt Opportunities Fund; High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund; and Emerging Domestic
Opportunities Fund.
77
Interests in each portfolio (GMO Fund) are represented by shares of the corresponding series. Each
share of each series represents an equal proportionate interest, together with each other share, in
the corresponding GMO Fund. The shares of such series do not have any preemptive rights. Upon
liquidation of the GMO Fund, shareholders of the corresponding series are entitled to share pro
rata in the net assets of the GMO Fund available for distribution to shareholders.
The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees to charge shareholders directly for custodial,
transfer agency, and servicing expenses, but the Trustees have no present intention to make such
charges.
The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees, without shareholder approval, to subdivide any
series of shares into various sub-series or classes of shares with such dividend preferences and
other rights as the Trustees may designate. This power is intended to allow the Trustees to
provide for an equitable allocation of the effect of any future regulatory requirements that might
affect various classes of shareholders differently. The Trustees have currently authorized the
establishment and designation of up to nine classes of shares for each series of the Trust: Class
I Shares, Class II Shares, Class III Shares, Class IV Shares, Class V Shares, Class VI Shares,
Class VII Shares, Class VIII Shares, and Class M Shares.
The Trustees may also, without shareholder approval, establish one or more additional separate
portfolios for investments in the Trust or merge two or more existing portfolios (i.e., a new
fund). Shareholders investments in such a portfolio would be evidenced by a separate series of
shares.
The Declaration of Trust provides for the perpetual existence of the Trust. The Trust, however, may
be terminated at any time by vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust.
While the Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees may also terminate the Trust upon
written notice to the shareholders, the 1940 Act requires that the Trust receive the authorization
of a majority of its outstanding shares in order to change the nature of its business so as to
cease to be an investment company.
Shareholders should be aware that to the extent a shareholders investment in the Fund exceeds
certain threshold amounts or percentages, the investment may constitute a reportable acquisition
under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act (HSR) and the shareholder may be required to make a corresponding
filing under HSR. HSR regulations are complex and shareholders should consult their legal advisers
about the precise HSR filing consequences of an investment in the Fund.
78
MULTIPLE CLASSES AND MINIMUM INVESTMENTS
The Manager makes all decisions relating to aggregation of accounts for purposes of determining
eligibility for the various classes of shares offered by the Fund. When making decisions regarding
whether accounts should be aggregated because they are part of a larger client relationship, the
Manager considers several factors including, but not limited to, whether: the multiple accounts are
for one or more subsidiaries of the same parent company; the multiple accounts have the same
beneficial owner regardless of the legal form of ownership; the investment mandate is the same or
substantially similar across the relationship; the asset allocation strategies are substantially
similar across the relationship; GMO reports to the same investment board; the consultant is the
same for the entire relationship; GMO services the relationship through a single GMO relationship
manager; the relationships have substantially similar reporting requirements; and/or the
relationship can be serviced from a single geographic location.
VOTING RIGHTS
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (with fractional votes for
fractional shares held) and to vote by individual GMO Fund (to the extent described below) in the
election of Trustees and the termination of the Trust and on other matters submitted to the vote of
shareholders. Shareholders vote by individual GMO Fund on all matters except (i) when required by
the 1940 Act, shares are voted in the aggregate and not by individual GMO Fund, and (ii) when the
Trustees have determined that the matter affects the interests of more than one GMO Fund, then
shareholders of the affected GMO Fund are entitled to vote. Shareholders of one GMO Fund are not
entitled to vote on matters exclusively affecting another GMO Fund including, without limitation,
such matters as the adoption of or change in the investment objectives, policies, or restrictions
of the other GMO Fund and the approval of the investment advisory contract of the other GMO Fund.
Shareholders of a particular class of shares do not have separate class voting rights except for
matters that affect only that class of shares and as otherwise required by law.
Normally the Trust does not hold meetings of shareholders to elect Trustees except in accordance
with the 1940 Act (i) the Trust will hold a shareholders meeting for the election of Trustees at
such time as less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders,
and (ii) if, as a result of a vacancy in the Board of Trustees, less than two-thirds of the
Trustees holding office have been elected by the shareholders, that vacancy may only be filled by a
vote of the shareholders. In addition, Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent
signed by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares and filed with the Trusts custodian
or by a vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for
that purpose, which meeting shall be held upon the written request of the holders of not less than
10% of the outstanding shares. Upon written request by the holders of at least 1% of the
outstanding shares stating that such shareholders wish to communicate with the other shareholders
for the purpose of obtaining the signatures necessary to demand a meeting to consider removal of a
Trustee, the Trust has undertaken to provide a list of shareholders or to disseminate appropriate
materials (at the expense of the requesting shareholders). Except as set
79
forth above, the Trustees will continue to hold office and may appoint successor Trustees. Voting
rights are not cumulative.
No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of a majority of
the outstanding shares of the Trust except (i) to change the Trusts name or to cure technical
problems in the Declaration of Trust and (ii) to establish, designate, or modify new and existing
series or sub-series of Trust shares or other provisions relating to Trust shares in response to
applicable laws or regulations.
SHAREHOLDER AND TRUSTEE LIABILITY
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under some circumstances, be held personally liable
for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder
liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of that disclaimer be given
in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees.
The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of all the property of the Fund for all
loss and expense of any shareholder of the Fund held personally liable for the obligations of the
Trust. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder
liability is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and the GMO Fund in
which the shareholder holds shares is unable to meet its obligations.
The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of
judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a
Trustee against any liability to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his office. The By-Laws of the Trust provide for indemnification by the Trust of the
Trustees and the officers of the Trust except for any matter as to which any such person did not
act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Trust. Trustees and officers may not be indemnified against any liability to the
Trust or the Trust shareholders to which they would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of their office.
BENEFICIAL OWNERS OF 5% OR MORE OF THE FUNDS SHARES
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information, and therefore, no shareholder owns beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares
of the Fund as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information.
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Appendix A
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS
Commercial Paper Ratings
Standard & Poors
. Standard & Poors short-term ratings are generally assigned to those
obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means
obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days including commercial paper. The
following are excerpts from Standard & Poors short-term issue credit ratings definitions:
A-1 A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poors.
The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this
category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of
changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories.
However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However,
adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened
capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as having significant speculative
characteristics. Ratings of B-1, B-2, and B-3 may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions
within the B category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment
on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligors
inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B-1 A short-term obligation rated B-1 is regarded as having significant speculative
characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial
commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-2 A short-term obligation rated B-2 is regarded as having significant speculative
characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial
commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-3 A short-term obligation rated B-3 is regarded as having significant speculative
characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments
over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
C A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent
upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial
commitment on the obligation.
A-1
Appendix A
D A short-term obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used
when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date
due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poors believes that
such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the
filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are
jeopardized.
Moodys
.
Moodys short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term
financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs, or to individual
short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding 13
months, unless explicitly noted. The following are excerpts from Moodys short-term ratings
definitions:
P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay
short-term debt obligations.
P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay
short-term debt obligations.
P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay
short-term obligations.
NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime
rating categories.
Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most
long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.
Corporate Debt Ratings
Standard & Poors
. A Standard & Poors issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the
creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of
financial obligations, or a specific financial program. The following are excerpts from Standard &
Poors long-term issue credit ratings definitions:
AAA An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poors. The
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree.
The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
A-2
Appendix A
BBB An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse
economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the
obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, C Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having
significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the
highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics,
these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues.
However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or
economic conditions, which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial
commitment on the obligation.
B An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but
the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or
willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon
favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the
obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business,
financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its
financial commitment on the obligation.
CC An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C A C rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment,
obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of
an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced
a payment default. Among others, the C rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred
stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the
instruments terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby
some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other
instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D An obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments
on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if
the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments
will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a
bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
An obligations rating is lowered to D upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby
some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other
instruments having a total value that is less than par.
A-3
Appendix A
Plus (+) or Minus (-) The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus
(+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on
which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poors does not rate a particular obligation as a matter
of policy.
Moodys
.
Moodys long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of
fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the
possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings reflect both
the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default. The following
are excerpts from Moodys long-term obligation ratings definitions:
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit
risk.
A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered
medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to
substantial credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high
credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default,
with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with
little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moodys appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from
Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic
rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a
ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
A-4
Appendix B
GMO TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICY
I. Statement of Policy
GMO Trust (the Trust) delegates the authority and responsibility to vote proxies related to
portfolio securities held by the series of the Trust (each, a Fund, and collectively, the
Funds) to Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, its investment adviser (the Adviser).
The Board of Trustees (the Board) of the Trust has reviewed and approved the use of the proxy
voting policies and procedures of the Adviser (Proxy Voting Procedures) on behalf of the
Funds when exercising voting authority on behalf of the Funds.
II. Standard
The Adviser shall vote proxies related to portfolio securities in the best interests of the Funds
and their shareholders. In the event of any conflicts of interest between the Adviser and the
Funds, the Adviser shall follow procedures that enable it to cause the proxy to be voted in the
best interests of the Funds and their shareholders, which may include (1) causing the proxy to be
voted pursuant to the recommendation of an independent third party, pursuant to pre-established
proxy voting guidelines, or (2) seeking instructions from the Board on the manner in which the
proxy should be voted.
III. Review of Proxy Voting Procedures
The Board shall periodically review the Proxy Voting Procedures presented by the Adviser.
The Adviser shall provide periodic reports to the Board regarding any proxy votes where a
material conflict of interest was identified except in circumstances where the Adviser caused
the proxy to be voted consistent with the recommendation of the independent third party.
The Adviser shall notify the Board promptly of any material change to its Proxy Voting
Procedures.
IV. Securities Lending
When the Fund lends its portfolio securities, the Adviser pursuant to the authority delegated
to it by the Fund retains an obligation with respect to voting proxies relating to such
securities. However, while such securities are on loan, the Fund will not have the right to
vote the proxies relating to those securities. As a result, the Fund will only loan its
portfolio securities pursuant to securities lending arrangements that permit the Fund to recall
a loaned security or to exercise voting rights associated with the security. However, the
Adviser generally will not arrange to have a security recalled or to exercise voting rights
associated with a security unless the Adviser both (1) receives adequate notice of a proposal
upon which shareholders are being asked to vote (which the Adviser often does not receive,
particularly in the case of non-U.S. issuers) and (2) the Adviser believes that the benefits to
the Fund of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the Fund of having the security
remain out on loan. The Adviser may use third-party service providers to assist it in
identifying and
evaluating proposals, and to assist it in recalling loaned securities for proxy voting
purposes.
B-1
Appendix B
V. Certain Non-U.S. Markets
In certain non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer may not be able
to trade in the issuers stock for a period of time around the shareholder meeting date. In
addition, there may be other costs or impediments to voting proxies in certain non-U.S. markets
(e.g., receiving adequate notice, arranging for a proxy, and re-registration requirements). In
non-U.S. markets with the foregoing attributes, the Adviser generally will determine not to
vote proxies unless it believes that the potential benefits to the Fund of voting outweigh the
impairment of portfolio management flexibility and the expected costs/impediments associated
with voting.
VI. Disclosure
The following disclosure shall be provided:
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A.
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The Funds proxy voting record shall annually be included in the Funds
Form N-PX.
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B.
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The Adviser shall cause the Fund to include the Trusts proxy voting
policies and procedures in the Trusts statement of additional information.
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C.
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The Funds shareholder report shall include a statement that a description
of the Funds proxy voting policies and procedures is available (i) without charge,
upon request, by calling a specified toll-free or collect telephone number; (ii) on
the Funds website, if applicable; and (iii) on the Commissions website at
http://www.sec.gov.
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D.
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The Trusts statement of additional information and the Funds shareholder
report shall include a statement that information regarding how the Fund voted
proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period
ended June 30 is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling a specified
toll-free or collect telephone number, or on or through the Funds website, or
both; and (ii) on the Commissions website at http://www.sec.gov.
|
Adopted effective September 16, 2003, as revised March 11, 2010.
B-2
Appendix B
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC
GMO AUSTRALASIA LLC
(TOGETHER GMO)
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Amended and Restated as of March 11, 2010
I.
Introduction and General Principles
GMO provides investment advisory services primarily to institutional, including both ERISA and
non-ERISA clients, and commercial clients. GMO understands that proxy voting is an integral aspect
of security ownership. Accordingly, in cases where GMO has been delegated authority to vote
proxies, that function must be conducted with the same degree of prudence and loyalty accorded any
fiduciary or other obligation of an investment manager.
This policy permits clients of GMO to: (1) delegate to GMO the responsibility and authority to vote
proxies on their behalf according to GMOs proxy voting polices and guidelines; (2) delegate to GMO
the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on their behalf according to the particular
clients own proxy voting policies and guidelines; or (3) elect to vote proxies themselves. In
instances where clients elect to vote their own proxies, GMO shall not be responsible for voting
proxies on behalf of such clients.
GMO believes that the following policies and procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that
proxy matters are conducted in the best interest of its clients, in accordance with GMOs fiduciary
duties, applicable rules under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and fiduciary standards and
responsibilities for ERISA clients set out in the Department of Labor interpretations.
II.
Proxy Voting Guidelines
GMO has engaged RiskMetrics Group, Inc. (RiskMetrics) as its proxy voting agent to:
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(1)
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research and make voting recommendations or, for matters for which GMO has so
delegated, to make the voting determinations;
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(2)
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ensure that proxies are voted and submitted in a timely manner;
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(3)
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handle other administrative functions of proxy voting;
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(4)
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maintain records of proxy statements received in connection with proxy votes
and provide copies of such proxy statements promptly upon request;
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(5)
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maintain records of votes cast; and
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(6)
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provide recommendations with respect to proxy voting matters in general.
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Proxies generally will be voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the
applicable domestic or global RiskMetrics Proxy Voting Manual, as in effect from time to time,
B-3
Appendix B
subject to such modifications as may be determined by GMO (as described below). Copies of concise
summaries of the current domestic and global RiskMetrics proxy voting guidelines are attached to
these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures as Exhibit A. To the extent GMO determines to adopt
proxy voting guidelines that differ from the RiskMetrics proxy voting recommendations, such
guidelines will be set forth on Exhibit B and proxies with respect to such matters will be voted in
accordance with the guidelines set forth on Exhibit B. GMO reserves the right to modify any of the
recommendations set forth in the RiskMetrics Proxy Voting Manual in the future. If any such
changes are made, an amended Exhibit B to these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures will be made
available for clients.
Except in instances where a GMO client retains voting authority, GMO will instruct custodians of
client accounts to forward all proxy statements and materials received in respect of client
accounts to RiskMetrics.
In certain non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer may not be able to
trade in the issuers stock for a period of time around the shareholder meeting date. In addition,
there may be other costs or impediments to voting proxies in certain non-U.S. markets (e.g.,
receiving adequate notice, arranging for a proxy, and re-registration requirements). In non-U.S.
markets with the foregoing attributes, GMO generally will determine to not vote proxies unless it
believes that the potential benefits of voting outweigh the impairment of portfolio management
flexibility and the expected costs/impediments associated with voting. In addition, if a portfolio
security is out on loan, GMO generally will not arrange to have the security recalled or to
exercise voting rights associated with the security unless GMO both (1) receives adequate notice of
a proposal upon which shareholders are being asked to vote (which GMO often does not receive,
particularly in the case of non-U.S. issuers) and (2) GMO believes that the benefits to the client
of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the client of having the security remain out on
loan. GMO may use third-party service providers to assist it in identifying and evaluating
proposals, and to assist it in recalling loaned securities for proxy voting purposes.
III.
Proxy Voting Procedures
GMO has a Corporate Actions Group with responsibility for administering the proxy voting process,
including:
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1.
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Implementing and updating the applicable domestic and global RiskMetrics proxy
voting guidelines set forth in the RiskMetrics Proxy Voting Manual, as modified from
time to time by Exhibit B hereto;
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2.
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Overseeing the proxy voting process; and
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3.
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Providing periodic reports to GMOs Compliance Department and clients as
requested.
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There may be circumstances under which a portfolio manager or other GMO investment professional
(GMO Investment Professional) believes that it is in the best interest of a client or clients to
vote proxies in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II. In
such an event, the GMO Investment Professional will inform GMOs Corporate Actions Group of its
decision to vote such proxy in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting
B-4
Appendix B
guidelines described in Section II. GMOs Corporate Actions Group will report to GMOs Compliance
Department no less than quarterly any instance where a GMO Investment Professional has decided to
vote a proxy on behalf of a client in that manner.
IV.
Conflicts of Interest
As RiskMetrics will vote proxies in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines described in
Section II, GMO believes that this process is reasonably designed to address conflicts of interest
that may arise between GMO and a client as to how proxies are voted.
In instances where GMO has the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on behalf of its
clients for shares of GMO Trust, a registered mutual fund for which GMO serves as the investment
adviser, there may be instances where a conflict of interest exists. Accordingly, GMO will (i)
vote such proxies in the best interests of its clients with respect to routine matters, including
proxies relating to the election of Trustees; and (ii) with respect to matters where a conflict of
interest exists between GMO and GMO Trust, such as proxies relating to a new or amended investment
management contract between GMO Trust and GMO, or a re-organization of a series of GMO Trust, GMO
will either (a) vote such proxies in the same proportion as the votes cast with respect to that
proxy, or (b) seek instructions from its clients.
In addition, if GMO is aware that one of the following conditions exists with respect to a proxy,
GMO shall consider such event a potential material conflict of interest:
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1.
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GMO has a business relationship or potential relationship with the issuer;
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2.
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GMO has a business relationship with the proponent of the proxy proposal; or
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3.
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GMO members, employees or consultants have a personal or other business
relationship with the participants in the proxy contest, such as corporate directors or
director candidates.
|
In the event of a potential material conflict of interest, GMO will (i) vote such proxy according
to Exhibit B (if applicable) or the specific recommendation of RiskMetrics; (ii) abstain; or (iii)
seek instructions from the client or request that the client votes such proxy. All such instances
shall be reported to GMOs Compliance Department at least quarterly.
V.
Recordkeeping
GMO will maintain records relating to the implementation of these proxy voting policies and
procedures, including:
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(1)
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a copy of these policies and procedures which shall be made available to
clients, upon request;
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(2)
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a record of each vote cast (which RiskMetrics maintains on GMOs behalf); and
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(3)
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each written client request for proxy records and GMOs written response to any
client request for such records.
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B-5
Appendix B
Such proxy voting records shall be maintained for a period of five years.
VI.
Reporting
GMOs Compliance Department will provide GMOs Conflict of Interest Committee with periodic reports
that include a summary of instances where GMO has (i) voted proxies in a manner inconsistent with
the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II, (ii) voted proxies in circumstances in which a
material conflict of interest may exist as set forth in Section IV, and (iii) voted proxies of
shares of GMO Trust on behalf of its clients.
VII.
Disclosure
Except as otherwise required by law, GMO has a general policy of not disclosing to any issuer or
third party how GMO or its voting delegate voted a clients proxy.
B-6
Appendix B
Exhibit A
U.S. Proxy Voting Guidelines Concise Summary
(Digest of Selected Key Guidelines)
January 22, 2010
Copyright © 2010 by RiskMetrics Group.
The policies contained herein are a sampling of select, key proxy voting guidelines and are not
exhaustive. A full listing of RiskMetrics 2010 proxy voting guidelines can be found in the Jan.
15, 2010, edition of the U.S. Proxy Voting Manual.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage
and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to
make copies of any part of this work should be sent to: RiskMetrics Group Marketing Department,
One Chase Manhattan Plaza, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10005. RiskMetrics Group is a trademark used
herein under license.
Risk Management | RiskMetrics Labs | ISS Governance Services | Financial Research & Analysis
www.riskmetrics.com
B-7
Appendix B
1. Routine/Miscellaneous:
Auditor Ratification
Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply:
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An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore
not independent;
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There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is
neither accurate nor indicative of the companys financial position;
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Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a serious level of concern, such
as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404
disclosures; or
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Fees for non-audit services (Other fees) are excessive.
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Non-audit fees are excessive if:
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Non-audit (other) fees exceed audit fees + audit-related fees + tax
compliance/preparation fees
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2. Board of Directors:
Votes on director nominees should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Four fundamental principles apply when determining votes on director nominees:
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Board Accountability
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Board Responsiveness
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Director Independence
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Director Competence
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Board Accountability
Problematic Takeover Defenses
VOTE WITHHOLD/AGAINST
1
the entire board of directors (except new
nominees
2
, who should be considered on a CASE-by-CASE basis), if:
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1
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In general, companies with a plurality vote
standard use Withhold as the valid contrary vote option in director
elections; companies with a majority vote standard use Against. However, it
will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid
contrary vote option for the particular company.
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2
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A new nominee is any current nominee who has
not already been elected by shareholders and who joined the board after the
problematic action in question transpired. If RMG cannot determine whether the
nominee joined the board before or after the problematic action transpired, the
nominee will be considered a new nominee if he or she joined the board within
the 12 months prior to the upcoming shareholder meeting.
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B-8
Appendix B
|
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The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic
governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote
recommendation is not up for election any or all appropriate nominees (except new) may
be held accountable;
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The companys poison pill has a dead-hand or modified dead-hand feature. Vote
withhold/against every year until this feature is removed;
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The board adopts a poison pill with a term of more than 12 months (long-term pill), or
renews any existing pill, including any short-term pill (12 months or less), without
shareholder approval. A commitment or policy that puts a newly-adopted pill to a binding
shareholder vote may potentially offset an adverse vote recommendation. Review such
companies with classified boards every year, and such companies with annually-elected
boards at least once every three years, and vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from all
nominees if the company still maintains a non-shareholder-approved poison pill. This
policy applies to all companies adopting or renewing pills after the announcement of this
policy (Nov 19, 2009);
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The board makes a material adverse change to an existing poison pill without shareholder
approval.
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Vote CASE-By-CASE on all nominees if the board adopts a poison pill with a term of 12 months or
less (short- term pill) without shareholder approval, taking into account the following factors:
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The date of the pills adoption relative to the date of the next meeting of
shareholders- i.e. whether the company had time to put the pill on ballot for shareholder
ratification given the circumstances;
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The issuers rationale;
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The issuers governance structure and practices; and
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The issuers track record of accountability to shareholders.
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Problematic Audit-Related Practices
Generally, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Audit Committee if:
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The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive (see discussion under Auditor
Ratification);
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The company receives an adverse opinion on the companys financial statements from its
auditor; or
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B-9
Appendix B
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There is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate
indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its
shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.
|
Vote CASE-by-CASE on members of the Audit Committee and/or the full board if:
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Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a level of serious concern, such
as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404
disclosures. Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence and duration, as well
as the companys efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in determining whether
WITHHOLD/AGAINST votes are warranted.
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Problematic Compensation Practices
VOTE WITHHOLD/AGAINST the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
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There is a negative correlation between chief executive pay and company performance (see
Pay for Performance Policy);
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The company reprices underwater options for stock, cash, or other consideration without
prior shareholder approval, even if allowed in the firms equity plan;
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The company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a shareholder vote;
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The company fails to fulfill the terms of a burn rate commitment made to shareholders;
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The company has problematic pay practices. Problematic pay practices may warrant
withholding votes from the CEO and potentially the entire board as well.
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Other Problematic Governance Practices
VOTE WITHHOLD/AGAINST the entire board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered
on a CASE-by-CASE basis), if:
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The companys proxy indicates that not all directors attended 75 percent of the
aggregate board and committee meetings, but fails to provide the required disclosure of the
names of the director(s) involved. If this information cannot be obtained, withhold from
all incumbent directors;
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The board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance
relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one- and three-year total
shareholder returns in the bottom half of a companys four-digit GICS industry group
(Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the companys five-year total
shareholder return and five-year operational metrics. Problematic provisions include but
are not limited to:
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A classified board structure;
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A supermajority vote requirement;
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B-10
Appendix B
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Majority vote standard for director elections with no carve out for
contested elections;
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The inability for shareholders to call special meetings;
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The inability for shareholders to act by written consent;
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A dual-class structure; and/or
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A non-shareholder approved poison pill.
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Under extraordinary circumstances, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors individually, committee
members, or the entire board, due to:
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Material failures of governance, stewardship, or fiduciary responsibilities at the
company;
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Failure to replace management as appropriate; or
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Egregious actions related to the director(s) service on other boards that raise
substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the
best interests of shareholders at any company.
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Board Responsiveness
Vote WITHHOLD/AGAINST the entire board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered
on a CASE-by-CASE basis), if:
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The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval by a majority
of the shares outstanding the previous year (a management proposal with other than a FOR
recommendation by management will not be considered as sufficient action taken);
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|
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The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval of the majority
of shares cast for the previous two consecutive years (a management proposal with other
than a FOR recommendation by management will not be considered as sufficient action taken);
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The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of the shareholders
tendered their shares; or
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At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent
withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the
issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote.
|
Director Independence
Vote WITHHOLD/AGAINST Inside Directors and Affiliated Outside Directors (per the Categorization of
Directors in the Summary Guidelines) when:
B-11
Appendix B
|
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The inside or affiliated outside director serves on any of the three key committees:
audit, compensation, or nominating;
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The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board
functions as that committee;
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The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the board attests that the
independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee; or
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The full board is less than majority independent.
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Director Competence
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors who:
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Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid excuse,
such as illness, service to the nation, work on behalf of the company, or funeral
obligations. If the company provides meaningful public or private disclosure explaining
the directors absences, evaluate the information on a CASE-BY-CASE basis taking into
account the following factors:
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Degree to which absences were due to an unavoidable conflict;
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Pattern of absenteeism; and
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Other extraordinary circumstances underlying the directors absence;
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Sit on more than six public company boards;
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Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies
besides their own withhold only at their outside boards.
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Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following
factors:
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Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry;
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Managements track record;
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Background to the proxy contest;
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Qualifications of director nominees (both slates);
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Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management;
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Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates);
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B-12
Appendix B
|
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Stock ownership positions.
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Independent Chair (Separate Chair/CEO)
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that the chairmans position be filled by an
independent director, unless the company satisfies all of the following criteria:
The company maintains the following counterbalancing features:
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|
Designated lead director, elected by and from the independent board members with clearly
delineated and comprehensive duties. (The role may alternatively reside with a presiding
director, vice chairman, or rotating lead director; however the director must serve a
minimum of one year in order to qualify as a lead director.) The duties should include, but
are not limited to, the following:
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presides at all meetings of the board at which the chairman is not present,
including executive sessions of the independent directors;
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serves as liaison between the chairman and the independent directors;
approves information sent to the board;
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approves meeting agendas for the board;
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approves meeting schedules to assure that there is sufficient time for
discussion of all agenda items;
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has the authority to call meetings of the independent directors;
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if requested by major shareholders, ensures that he is available for
consultation and direct communication;
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Two-thirds independent board;
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All independent key committees;
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Established governance guidelines;
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|
A company in the Russell 3000 universe must not have exhibited sustained poor total
shareholder return (TSR) performance, defined as one- and three-year TSR in the bottom half
of the companys four-digit GICS industry group within the Russell 3000 only), unless there
has been a change in the Chairman/CEO position within that time;
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The company does not have any problematic governance or management issues, examples of
which include, but are not limited to:
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Egregious compensation practices;
|
B-13
Appendix B
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|
Multiple related-party transactions or other issues putting director
independence at risk;
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|
|
Corporate and/or management scandals;
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Excessive problematic corporate governance provisions; or
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Flagrant board or management actions with potential or realized negative
impact on shareholders.
|
3.
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Shareholder Rights & Defenses:
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Net Operating Loss (NOL) Protective Amendments
For management proposals to adopt a protective amendment for the stated purpose of protecting a
companys net operating losses (NOLs), the following factors should be considered on a
CASE-BY-CASE basis:
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The ownership threshold (NOL protective amendments generally prohibit stock ownership
transfers that would result in a new 5-percent holder or increase the stock ownership
percentage of an existing five-percent holder);
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The value of the NOLs;
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Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision or commitment to cause expiration of
the protective amendment upon exhaustion or expiration of the NOL);
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The companys existing governance structure including: board independence, existing
takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders, and any other
problematic governance concerns; and
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Any other factors that may be applicable.
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Poison Pills- Shareholder Proposals to put Pill to a Vote and/or Adopt a Pill Policy
Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the company submit its poison pill to a shareholder
vote or redeem it UNLESS the company has: (1) A shareholder approved poison pill in place; or (2)
The company has adopted a policy concerning the adoption of a pill in the future specifying that
the board will only adopt a shareholder rights plan if either:
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Shareholders have approved the adoption of the plan; or
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The board, in its exercise of its fiduciary responsibilities, determines that it is in
the best interest of shareholders under the circumstances to adopt a pill without the delay
in adoption that would result from seeking stockholder approval (i.e., the fiduciary out
provision). A poison pill adopted under this fiduciary out will be put to a shareholder
ratification vote within 12 months of adoption or expire. If the pill is not approved by a
majority of the votes cast on this issue, the plan will immediately terminate.
|
B-14
Appendix B
If the shareholder proposal calls for a time period of less than 12 months for shareholder
ratification after adoption, vote FOR the proposal, but add the caveat that a vote within 12 months
would be considered sufficient implementation.
Poison Pills- Management Proposals to Ratify Poison Pill
Vote CASE-by-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of
the shareholder rights plan. Rights plans should contain the following attributes:
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No lower than a 20% trigger, flip-in or flip-over;
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A term of no more than three years;
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|
No dead-hand, slow-hand, no-hand or similar feature that limits the ability of a future
board to redeem the pill;
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Shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause); if the board refuses to redeem
the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced, 10 percent of the shares may call a
special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill.
|
In addition, the rationale for adopting the pill should be thoroughly explained by the company. In
examining the request for the pill, take into consideration the companys existing governance
structure, including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, and any problematic
governance concerns.
Poison Pills- Management Proposals to ratify a Pill to preserve Net Operating Losses (NOLs)
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals for poison pill ratification. For management proposals
to adopt a poison pill for the stated purpose of preserving a companys net operating losses
(NOLs), the following factors are considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis:
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|
The ownership threshold to transfer (NOL pills generally have a trigger slightly below
5%);
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The value of the NOLs;
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|
The term;
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|
|
Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision, or commitment to cause expiration
of the pill upon exhaustion or expiration of NOLs);
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|
|
The companys existing governance structure including: board independence, existing
takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders, and any other
problematic governance concerns; and
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Any other factors that may be applicable.
|
B-15
Appendix B
Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings
Vote AGAINST management or shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders ability to
call special meetings.
Generally vote FOR management or shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability
to call special meetings taking into account the following factors:
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|
|
Shareholders current right to call special meetings;
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|
|
Minimum ownership threshold necessary to call special meetings (10% preferred);
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|
The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language;
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|
Investor ownership structure; and
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|
|
Shareholder support of and managements response to previous shareholder proposals.
|
Supermajority Vote Requirements
Vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote.
Vote FOR management or shareholder proposals to reduce supermajority vote requirements. However,
for companies with shareholder(s) who have significant ownership levels, vote CASE-BY-CASE, taking
into account:
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|
|
Ownership structure;
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|
|
Quorum requirements; and
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|
|
Supermajority vote requirements.
|
4. Capital /Restructuring:
Common Stock Authorization
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for
issuance. Take into account company-specific factors which include, at a minimum, the following:
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|
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Past Board Performance:
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|
The companys use of authorized shares during the last three years;
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|
|
One- and three-year total shareholder return; and
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|
|
The boards governance structure and practices;
|
B-16
Appendix B
|
|
|
Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific reasons for the proposed
increase;
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|
|
The dilutive impact of the request as determined through an allowable cap
generated by RiskMetrics quantitative model, which examines the companys need for
shares and its three-year total shareholder return; and
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|
|
Risks to shareholders of not approving the request.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class of common stock to increase the number
of authorized shares of the class that has superior voting rights.
Preferred Stock
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of shares of preferred stock authorized for
issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:
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|
|
Past Board Performance:
|
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|
|
The companys use of authorized preferred shares during the last three years;
|
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|
|
One- and three-year total shareholder return; and
|
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|
|
The boards governance structure and practices;
|
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|
|
Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific reasons for the proposed increase;
|
|
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|
|
In cases where the company has existing authorized preferred stock, the
dilutive impact of the request as determined through an allowable cap generated by
RiskMetrics quantitative model, which examines the companys need for shares and
three-year total shareholder return; and
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|
Whether the shares requested are blank check preferred shares, and whether
they are declawed.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class or series of preferred stock to
increase the number of authorized shares of the class or series that has superior voting rights.
Mergers and Acquisitions
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the
proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:
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Valuation
Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the
acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for
assessing
|
B-17
Appendix B
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valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market reaction and
strategic rationale.
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Market reaction
How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market
reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal.
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Strategic rationale
Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value
derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but
reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful
integration of historical acquisitions.
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|
Negotiations and process
Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arms-length?
Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best price for
shareholders. Significant negotiation wins can also signify the deal makers competency.
The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no
auction) can also affect shareholder value.
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|
|
Conflicts of interest
Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately
and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential
conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve
a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may
have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. The
change-in-control figure presented in the RMG Transaction Summary section of this report
is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true
value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive,
analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists.
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|
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|
|
Governance
Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than
the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the
governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that
other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.
|
5. Compensation:
Executive Pay Evaluation
Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to
adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:
|
1.
|
|
Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term
shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which
must be designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who
drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration,
among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and
variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs;
|
B-18
Appendix B
|
2.
|
|
Avoid arrangements that risk pay for failure: This principle addresses the
appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and
guaranteed compensation;
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee: This principle
promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills,
knowledge, experience, and a sound process for compensation decision-making (e.g.,
including access to independent expertise and advice when needed);
|
|
|
4.
|
|
Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This
principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that enable
shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly;
|
|
|
5.
|
|
Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes
the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors does
not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in
overseeing managers pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a
variety of generally accepted best practices.
|
Equity Compensation Plans
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on equity-based compensation plans. Vote AGAINST the equity plan if any of the
following factors apply:
|
|
|
The total cost of the companys equity plans is unreasonable;
|
|
|
|
|
The plan expressly permits the repricing of stock options/stock appreciate rights (SARs)
without prior shareholder approval;
|
|
|
|
|
The CEO is a participant in the proposed equity-based compensation plan and there is a
disconnect between CEO pay and the companys performance where over 50 percent of the
year-over-year increase is attributed to equity awards (see Pay-for-Performance);
|
|
|
|
|
The companys three year burn rate exceeds the greater of 2% or the mean plus one
standard deviation of its industry group;
|
|
|
|
|
Liberal Change of Control Definition: The plan provides for the acceleration of vesting
of equity awards even though an actual change in control may not occur (e.g., upon
shareholder approval of a transaction or the announcement of a tender offer); or
|
|
|
|
|
The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices.
|
B-19
Appendix B
Other Compensation Proposals and Policies
Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation- Management Proposals (Management Say-on-Pay)
In general, the management say on pay (MSOP) ballot item is the primary focus of voting on
executive pay practices- dissatisfaction with compensation practices can be expressed by voting
against the MSOP rather than withholding or voting against the compensation committee. However, if
there is no MSOP on which to express the dissatisfaction, then the secondary target will be members
of the compensation committee. In addition, in egregious cases, or if the board fails to respond
to concerns raised by a prior MSOP proposal; then vote withhold or against compensation committee
member (or, if the full board is deemed accountable, to all directors). If the negative factors
impact equity-based plans, then vote AGAINST an equity-based plan proposal presented for
shareholder approval.
Evaluate executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation,
on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST management say on pay (MSOP) proposals, AGAINST/WITHHOLD on compensation committee
members (or, in rare cases where the full board is deemed responsible, all directors including the
CEO), and/or AGAINST an equity-based incentive plan proposal if:
|
|
|
There is a misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance);
|
|
|
|
|
The company maintains problematic pay practices;
|
|
|
|
|
The board exhibits poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders.
|
Additional CASE-BY-CASE considerations for the management say on pay (MSOP) proposals:
|
|
|
Evaluation of performance metrics in short-term and long-term plans, as discussed and
explained in the Compensation Discussion & Analysis (CD&LA). Consider the measures, goals,
and target awards reported by the company for executives short- and long-term incentive
awards: disclosure, explanation of their alignment with the companys business strategy,
and whether goals appear to be sufficiently challenging in relation to resulting payouts;
|
|
|
|
|
Evaluation of peer group benchmarking used to set target pay or award opportunities.
Consider the rationale stated by the company for constituents in its pay benchmarking peer
group, as well as the benchmark targets it uses to set or validate executives pay (e.g.,
median, 75th percentile, etc.) to ascertain whether the benchmarking process is sound or
may result in pay ratcheting due to inappropriate peer group constituents (e.g., much
larger companies) or targeting (e.g., above median); and
|
|
|
|
|
Balance of performance-based versus non-performance-based pay. Consider the ratio of
performance-based (not including plain vanilla stock options) vs. non-performance-based pay
elements reported for the CEOs latest reported fiscal year compensation, especially
|
B-20
Appendix B
|
|
|
in conjunction with concerns about other factors such as performance metrics/goals,
benchmarking practices, and pay-for-performance disconnects.
|
Pay for Performance
Evaluate the alignment of the CEOs pay with performance over time, focusing particularly on
companies that have underperformed their peers over a sustained period. From a shareholders
perspective, performance is predominantly gauged by the companys stock performance over time.
Even when financial or operational measures are utilized in incentive awards, the achievement
related to these measures should ultimately translate into superior shareholder returns in the
long-term.
Focus on companies with sustained underperformance relative to peers, considering the following key
factors:
|
|
|
Whether a companys one-year and three-year total shareholder returns (TSR) are in the
bottom half of its industry group (i.e., four-digit GICS Global Industry Classification
Group); and
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the total compensation of a CEO who has served at least two consecutive fiscal
years is aligned with the companys total shareholder return over time, including both
recent and long-term periods.
|
If a company falls in the bottom half of its four-digit GICS, further analysis of the CDELA is
required to better understand the various pay elements and whether they create or reinforce
shareholder alignment. Also assess the CEOs pay relative to the companys TSR over a time horizon
of at least five years. The most recent year-over-year increase or decrease in pay remains a key
consideration, but there will be additional emphasis on the long term trend of CEO total
compensation relative to shareholder return. Also consider the mix of performance-based
compensation relative to total compensation. In general, standard stock options or time-vested
restricted stock are not considered to be performance-based. If a company provides
performance-based incentives to its executives, the company is highly encouraged to provide the
complete disclosure of the performance measure and goals (hurdle rate) so that shareholders can
assess the rigor of the performance program. The use of non-GAAP financial metrics also makes it
very challenging for shareholders to ascertain the rigor of the program as shareholders often
cannot tell the type of adjustments being made and if the adjustments were made consistently.
Complete and transparent disclosure helps shareholders to better understand the companys pay for
performance linkage.
Problematic Pay Practices
The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles,
including:
|
|
|
Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements;
|
|
|
|
|
Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking; and
|
|
|
|
|
Options Backdating.
|
B-21
Appendix B
Non-Performance based Compensation Elements
Companies adopt a variety of pay arrangements that may be acceptable in their particular
industries, or unique for a particular situation, and all companies are reviewed on a case-by-case
basis. However, there are certain adverse practices that are particularly contrary to a
performance-based pay philosophy, including guaranteed pay and excessive or inappropriate
non-performance-based pay elements.
While not exhaustive, this is the list of practices that carry greatest weight in this
consideration and may result in negative vote recommendations on a stand-alone basis. For more
details, please refer to RMGs Compensation FAQ document:
http://www.riskmetrics.com/policy/2010_compensation_FAQ
:
|
|
|
Multi-year guarantees for salary increases, non-performance based bonuses, and equity
compensation;
|
|
|
|
|
Including additional years of unworked service that result in significant additional
benefits, without sufficient justification, or including long-term equity awards in the
pension calculation;
|
|
|
|
|
Perquisites for former and/or retired executives, and extraordinary relocation benefits
(including home buyouts) for current executives;
|
|
|
|
|
Change-in-control payments exceeding 3 times base salary and target bonus;
change-in-control payments without job loss or substantial diminution of duties (Single
Triggers); new or materially amended agreements that provide for modified single
triggers (under which an executive may voluntarily leave for any reason and still receive
the change-in-control severance package); new or materially amended agreements that provide
for an excise tax gross-up (including modified gross-ups);
|
|
|
|
|
Tax Reimbursements related to executive perquisites or other payments such as personal
use of corporate aircraft, executive life insurance, bonus, etc; (see also excise tax
gross-ups above)
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends or dividend equivalents paid on unvested performance shares or units;
|
|
|
|
|
Executives using company stock in hedging activities, such as cashless collars,
forward sales, equity swaps or other similar arrangements; or
|
|
|
|
|
Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/stock appreciation rights without
prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender/subsequent
regrant of underwater options).
|
Incentives that may Motivate Excessive Risk-Taking
Assess company policies and disclosure related to compensation that could incentivize excessive
risk-taking, for example:
B-22
Appendix B
|
|
|
Guaranteed bonuses;
|
|
|
|
|
A single performance metric used for short- and long-term plans;
|
|
|
|
|
Lucrative severance packages;
|
|
|
|
|
High pay opportunities relative to industry peers;
|
|
|
|
|
Disproportionate supplemental pensions; or
|
|
|
|
|
Mega annual equity grants that provide unlimited upside with no downside risk.
|
Factors that potentially mitigate the impact of risky incentives include rigorous claw-back
provisions and robust stock ownership/holding guidelines.
Options Backdating
Vote CASE-by-CASE on options backdating issues. Generally, when a company has recently practiced
options backdating, WITHHOLD from or vote AGAINST the compensation committee, depending on the
severity of the practices and the subsequent corrective actions on the part of the board. When
deciding on votes on compensation committee members who oversaw questionable options grant
practices or current compensation committee members who fail to respond to the issue proactively,
consider several factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
|
|
|
Reason and motive for the options backdating issue, such as inadvertent vs. deliberate
grant date changes;
|
|
|
|
|
Duration of options backdating;
|
|
|
|
|
Size of restatement due to options backdating;
|
|
|
|
|
Corrective actions taken by the board or compensation committee, such as canceling or
re-pricing backdated options, the recouping of option gains on backdated grants; and
|
|
|
|
|
Adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating, and creates a fixed grant schedule
or window period for equity grants in the future.
|
A CASE-by-CASE analysis approach allows distinctions to be made between companies that had sloppy
plan administration versus those that acted deliberately and/or committed fraud, as well as those
companies that subsequently took corrective action. Cases where companies have committed fraud are
considered most egregious.
Board Communications and Responsiveness
Consider the following factors on a CASE-BY-CASE basis when evaluating ballot items related to
executive pay:
|
|
|
Poor disclosure practices, including:
|
|
|
|
Unclear explanation of how the CEO is involved in the pay setting process;
|
B-23
Appendix B
|
|
|
Retrospective performance targets and methodology not discussed;
|
|
|
|
|
Methodology for benchmarking practices and/or peer group not disclosed and
explained.
|
|
|
|
Boards responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues, for
example:
|
|
|
|
Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive
pay topics; or
|
|
|
|
|
Failure to respond to concerns raised in connection with significant
opposition to MSOP proposals.
|
Option Exchange Programs/Repricing Options
Vote CASE-by-CASE on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/reprice options, taking into
consideration:
|
|
|
Historic trading patternsthe stock price should not be so volatile that the options
are likely to be back in-the-money over the near term;
|
|
|
|
|
Rationale for the re-pricingwas the stock price decline beyond managements control?
|
|
|
|
|
Is this a value-for-value exchange?
|
|
|
|
|
Are surrendered stock options added back to the plan reserve?
|
|
|
|
|
Option vestingdoes the new option vest immediately or is there a black-out period?
|
|
|
|
|
Term of the optionthe term should remain the same as that of the replaced option;
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise priceshould be set at fair market or a premium to market;
|
|
|
|
|
Participantsexecutive officers and directors should be excluded.
|
If the surrendered options are added back to the equity plans for re-issuance, then also take into
consideration the companys total cost of equity plans and its three-year average burn rate.
In addition to the above considerations, evaluate the intent, rationale, and timing of the
repricing proposal. The proposal should clearly articulate why the board is choosing to conduct an
exchange program at this point in time. Repricing underwater options after a recent precipitous
drop in the companys stock price demonstrates poor timing. Repricing after a recent decline in
stock price triggers additional scrutiny and a potential AGAINST vote on the proposal. At a
minimum, the decline should not have happened within the past year. Also, consider the terms of
the surrendered options, such as the grant date, exercise price and vesting schedule. Grant dates
of surrendered options should be far enough back (two to three years) so as not to suggest that
repricings are being
B-24
Appendix B
done to take advantage of short-term downward price movements. Similarly, the exercise price of
surrendered options should be above the 52-week high for the stock price.
Vote FOR shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote.
Shareholder Proposals on Compensation
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay)
Generally, vote FOR shareholder proposals that call for non-binding shareholder ratification of the
compensation of the Named Executive Officers and the accompanying narrative disclosure of material
factors provided to understand the Summary Compensation Table.
Golden Coffins/Executive Death Benefits
Generally vote FOR proposals calling companies to adopt a policy of obtaining shareholder approval
for any future agreements and corporate policies that could oblige the company to make payments or
awards following the death of a senior executive in the form of unearned salary or bonuses,
accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites and other
payments or awards made in lieu of compensation. This would not apply to any benefit programs or
equity plan proposals that the broad-based employee population is eligible.
Recoup Bonuses
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to recoup unearned incentive bonuses or other incentive
payments made to senior executives if it is later determined that the figures upon which incentive
compensation is earned later turn out to have been in error. This is line with the clawback
provision in the Trouble Asset Relief Program. Many companies have adopted policies that permit
recoupment in cases where fraud, misconduct, or negligence significantly contributed to a
restatement of financial results that led to the awarding of unearned incentive compensation. RMG
will take into consideration:
|
|
|
If the company has adopted a formal recoupment bonus policy;
|
|
|
|
|
If the company has chronic restatement history or material financial problems; or
|
|
|
|
|
If the companys policy substantially addresses the concerns raised by the proponent.
|
Stock Ownership or Holding Period Guidelines
Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a minimum amount of stock that directors
must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While RMG favors stock
ownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership
requirement.
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to adopt policies requiring Named
Executive Officers to retain 75% of the shares acquired through compensation plans while
B-25
Appendix B
employed and/or for two years following the termination of their employment, and to report to
shareholders regarding this policy. The following factors will be taken into account:
|
|
|
Whether the company has any holding period, retention ratio, or officer ownership
requirements in place. These should consist of:
|
|
|
|
Rigorous stock ownership guidelines, or
|
|
|
|
|
A holding period requirement coupled with a significant long-term ownership
requirement, or
|
|
|
|
|
A meaningful retention ratio,
|
|
|
|
Actual officer stock ownership and the degree to which it meets or exceeds the
proponents suggested holding period/retention ratio or the companys own stock ownership
or retention requirements.
|
|
|
|
|
Problematic pay practices, current and past, which may promote a short-term versus a
long-term focus.
|
A rigorous stock ownership guideline should be at least 10x base salary for the CEO, with the
multiple declining for other executives. A meaningful retention ratio should constitute at least
50 percent of the stock received from equity awards (on a net proceeds basis) held on a long-term
basis, such as the executives tenure with the company or even a few years past the executives
termination with the company.
6. Social/Environmental Issues:
Overall Approach
When evaluating social and environmental shareholder proposals, RMG considers the following
factors:
|
|
|
Whether adoption of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the information requested concerns business issues that relate to a meaningful
percentage of the companys business as measured by sales, assets, and earnings;
|
|
|
|
|
The degree to which the companys stated position on the issues raised in the proposal
could affect its reputation or sales, or leave it vulnerable to a boycott or selective
purchasing;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the issues presented are more appropriately/effectively dealt with through
governmental or company-specific action;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the company has already responded in some appropriate manner to the request
embodied in the proposal;
|
B-26
Appendix B
|
|
|
Whether the companys analysis and voting recommendation to shareholders are persuasive;
|
|
|
|
|
What other companies have done in response to the issue addressed in the proposal;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the proposal itself is well framed and the cost of preparing the report is
reasonable;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether implementation of the proposals request would achieve the proposals
objectives;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the subject of the proposal is best left to the discretion of the board;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the requested information is available to shareholders either from the company
or from a publicly available source; and
|
|
|
|
|
Whether providing this information would reveal proprietary or confidential information
that would place the company at a competitive disadvantage.
|
Board Diversity
Generally vote FOR requests for reports on the companys efforts to diversify the board, unless:
|
|
|
The gender and racial minority representation of the companys board is reasonably
inclusive in relation to companies of similar size and business; and
|
|
|
|
|
The board already reports on its nominating procedures and gender and racial minority
initiatives on the board and within the company.
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking the company to increase the gender and racial minority
representation on its board, taking into account:
|
|
|
The degree of existing gender and racial minority diversity on the companys board and
among its executive officers;
|
|
|
|
|
The level of gender and racial minority representation that exists at the companys
industry peers;
|
|
|
|
|
The companys established process for addressing gender and racial minority board
representation;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the proposal includes an overly prescriptive request to amend nominating
committee charter language;
|
|
|
|
|
The independence of the companys nominating committee;
|
|
|
|
|
The company uses an outside search firm to identify potential director nominees; and
|
B-27
Appendix B
|
|
|
Whether the company has had recent controversies, fines, or litigation regarding equal
employment practices.
|
Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Domestic Partner Benefits
Generally vote FOR proposals seeking to amend a companys EEO statement or diversity policies to
prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity, unless the change would
result in excessive costs for the company.
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to extend company benefits to, or eliminate benefits from domestic
partners. Decisions regarding benefits should be left to the discretion of the company.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company
operations and/or products and operations, unless:
|
|
|
The company already provides current, publicly-available information on the impacts that
GHG emissions may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures
to address related risks and/or opportunities;
|
|
|
|
|
The companys level of disclosure is comparable to that of industry peers; and
|
|
|
|
|
There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with
the companys GHG emissions.
|
|
|
|
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from
products and operations, taking into account:
|
|
|
|
|
Overly prescriptive requests for the reduction in GHG emissions by specific amounts or
within a specific time frame;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether company disclosure lags behind industry peers;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations, fines,
litigation, or controversy related to GHG emissions;
|
|
|
|
|
The feasibility of reduction of GHGs given the companys product line and current
technology and;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the company already provides meaningful disclosure on GHG emissions from its
products and operations.
|
Political Contributions and Trade Association Spending
Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking the company to affirm political nonpartisanship in the
workplace so long as:
B-28
Appendix B
|
|
|
There are no recent, significant controversies, fines or litigation regarding the
companys political contributions or trade association spending; and
|
|
|
|
|
The company has procedures in place to ensure that employee contributions to
company-sponsored political action committees (PACs) are strictly voluntary and prohibits
coercion.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals to publish in newspapers and public media the companys political
contributions. Such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing
commensurate value to shareholders.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to improve the disclosure of a companys political contributions and
trade association spending, considering:
|
|
|
Recent significant controversy or litigation related to the companys political
contributions or governmental affairs; and
|
|
|
|
|
The public availability of a company policy on political contributions and trade
association spending including information on the types of organizations supported, the
business rationale for supporting these organizations, and the oversight and compliance
procedures related to such expenditures of corporate assets.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals barring the company from making political contributions. Businesses are
affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level and barring political contributions
can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.
Vote AGAINST proposals asking for a list of company executives, directors, consultants, legal
counsels, lobbyists, or investment bankers that have prior government service and whether such
service had a bearing on the business of the company. Such a list would be burdensome to prepare
without providing any meaningful information to shareholders.
Labor and Human Rights Standards
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on company or company supplier labor and/or human
rights standards and policies unless such information is already publicly disclosed.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to implement company or company supplier labor and/or human rights
standards and policies, considering:
|
|
|
The degree to which existing relevant policies and practices are disclosed;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether or not existing relevant policies are consistent with internationally recognized
standards;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether company facilities and those of its suppliers are monitored and how;
|
|
|
|
|
Company participation in fair labor organizations or other internationally recognized
human rights initiatives;
|
B-29
Appendix B
|
|
|
Scope and nature of business conducted in markets known to have higher risk of workplace
labor/human rights abuse;
|
|
|
|
|
Recent, significant company controversies, fines, or litigation regarding human rights
at the company or its suppliers;
|
|
|
|
|
The scope of the request; and
|
|
|
|
|
Deviation from industry sector peer company standards and practices.
|
Sustainability Reporting
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on its policies, initiatives, and
oversight mechanisms related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless:
|
|
|
The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or policies
such as an Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) report; a comprehensive Code of Corporate
Conduct; and/or a Diversity Report; or
|
|
|
|
|
The company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting program based on
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within a specified time
frame
|
B-30
Appendix B
2010 INTERNATIONAL PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARY
December 31, 2009
Copyright © 2009 by RiskMetrics Group.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for
permission to make copies of any part of this work should be sent to: RiskMetrics Group Marketing
Department, One Chase Manhattan Plaza, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10005. RiskMetrics Group is a
trademark used herein under license.
Risk Management | RiskMetrics Labs | ISS Governance Services | Financial Research & Analysis
www.riskmetrics.com
B-31
Appendix B
RISKMETRICS
2010 INTERNATIONAL PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARY
Effective for Meetings on or after Feb. 1, 2010
Updated December 31, 2009
The following is a condensed version of the general international policies for voting non-U.S.
proxies contained in the RiskMetrics (RMG) Proxy Voting Manual. Please note that these guidelines
exclude the US, Canadian, and European markets, which are presented separately. In addition, RMG
has country- and market-specific policies, which are not captured below.
B-32
Appendix B
1. Operational Items
Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports
Vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:
|
|
|
There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or
|
|
|
|
|
The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should
be publicly disclosed.
|
Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees
Vote FOR the reelection of auditors and proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees,
unless:
|
|
|
There are serious concerns about the accounts presented or the audit procedures used;
|
|
|
|
|
The auditors are being changed without explanation; or
|
|
|
|
|
Non-audit-related fees are substantial or are routinely in excess of standard annual
audit-related fees.
|
Vote AGAINST the appointment of external auditors if they have previously served the company in an
executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.
Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors
Vote FOR the appointment or reelection of statutory auditors, unless:
|
|
|
There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures
used;
|
|
|
|
|
Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or
|
|
|
|
|
The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can
otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.
|
Allocation of Income
Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:
|
|
|
The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate
explanation; or
|
|
|
|
|
The payout is excessive given the companys financial position.
|
B-33
Appendix B
Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative
Vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.
Vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the
cash option is harmful to shareholder value.
Amendments to Articles of Association
Vote amendments to the articles of association on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Change in Company Fiscal Term
Vote FOR resolutions to change a companys fiscal term unless a companys motivation for the change
is to postpone its AGM.
Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership
Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless
specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.
Amend Quorum Requirements
Vote proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Transact Other Business
Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.
2. Board of Directors
Director Elections
Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:
|
|
|
Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner;
|
|
|
|
|
There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements;
|
|
|
|
|
There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest;
|
|
|
|
|
There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; or
|
|
|
|
|
The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards.
|
Vote FOR individual nominees unless there are specific concerns about the individual, such as
criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities.
B-34
Appendix B
Vote AGAINST individual directors if repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained
(in countries where this information is disclosed).
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder
nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, determining which directors are best suited to
add value for shareholders.
Vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation
committee and are required by law to be on those committees. Vote AGAINST employee and/or labor
representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, if they are not required
to be on those committees.
Under extraordinary circumstances, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors individually, on a
committee, or the entire board, due to:
|
|
|
Material failures of governance, stewardship, or fiduciary responsibilities at the
company; or
|
|
|
|
|
Failure to replace management as appropriate; or
|
|
|
|
|
Egregious actions related to the director(s) service on other boards that raise
substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the
best interests of shareholders at any company.
|
RMG Classification of Directors International Policy 2010
Executive Director
|
|
|
Employee or executive of the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Any director who is classified as a non-executive, but receives salary, fees, bonus,
and/or other benefits that are in line with the highest-paid executives of the company.
|
Non-Independent Non-Executive Director (NED)
|
|
|
Any director who is attested by the board to be a non-independent NED;
|
|
|
|
|
Any director specifically designated as a representative of a significant shareholder of
the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Any director who is also an employee or executive of a significant shareholder of the
company;
|
B-35
Appendix B
|
|
|
Any director who is nominated by a dissenting significant shareholder, unless there is a
clear lack of material
[5]
connection with the dissident, either currently or
historically;
|
|
|
|
|
Beneficial owner (direct or indirect) of at least 10% of the companys stock, either in
economic terms or in voting rights (this may be aggregated if voting power is distributed
among more than one member of a defined group, e.g., family members who beneficially own
less than 10% individually, but collectively own more than 10%), unless market best
practice dictates a lower ownership and/or disclosure threshold (and in other special
market-specific circumstances);
|
|
|
|
|
Government representative;
|
|
|
|
|
Currently provides (or a relative
[1]
provides) professional
services
[2]
to the company, to an affiliate of the company, or to an individual
officer of the company or of one of its affiliates in excess of $10,000 per year;
|
|
|
|
|
Represents customer, supplier, creditor, banker, or other entity with which company
maintains transactional/commercial relationship (unless company discloses information to
apply a materiality test
[3]
);
|
|
|
|
|
Any director who has conflicting or cross-directorships with executive directors or the
chairman of the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Relative
[1]
of a current employee of the company or its affiliates;
|
|
|
|
|
Relative
[1]
of a former executive of the company or its affiliates;
|
|
|
|
[1]
|
|
Relative follows the definition of immediate family members which covers
spouses, parents, children, stepparents, step-children, siblings, in-laws, and any person (other
than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of any director, nominee for director, executive
officer, or significant shareholder of the company.
|
|
[2]
|
|
Professional services can be characterized as advisory in nature and generally
include the following: investment banking/financial advisory services; commercial banking (beyond
deposit services); investment services; insurance services; accounting/audit services; consulting
services; marketing services; and legal services. The case of participation in a banking syndicate
by a non-lead bank should be considered a transaction (and hence subject to the associated
materiality test) rather than a professional relationship.
|
|
[3]
|
|
If the company makes or receives annual payments exceeding the greater of $200,000
or 5 percent of the recipients gross revenues (the recipient is the party receiving the financial
proceeds from the transaction). For Central and Eastern European countries: A business relationship
may be material if the transaction value (of all outstanding transactions) entered into between the
company and the company or organization with which the director is associated is equivalent to
either 1 percent of the companys turnover or 1 percent of the turnover of the company or
organization with which the director is associated. OR, A business relationship may be material if
the transaction value (of all outstanding financing operations) entered into between the company
and the company or organization with which the director is associated is more than 10 percent of
the companys shareholder equity or the transaction value (of all outstanding financing operations)
compared to the companys total assets is more than 5 percent.
|
|
[4]
|
|
For example, in continental Europe, directors with a tenure exceeding 12 years will
be considered non-independent. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, directors with a tenure exceeding
nine years will be considered non-independent, unless the company provides sufficient and clear
justification that the director is independent despite his long tenure.
|
|
[5]
|
|
For purposes of RMG director independence classification, material will be
defined as a standard of relationship financial, personal or otherwise that a reasonable person
might conclude could potentially influence ones objectivity in the boardroom in a manner that
would have a meaningful impact on an individuals ability to satisfy requisite fiduciary standards
on behalf of shareholders.
|
B-36
Appendix B
|
|
|
A new appointee elected other than by a formal process through the General Meeting
(such as a contractual appointment by a substantial shareholder);
|
|
|
|
|
Founder/co-founder/member of founding family but not currently an employee;
|
|
|
|
|
Former executive (5 year cooling off period);
|
|
|
|
|
Years of service is generally not a determining factor unless it is recommended best
practice in a market and/or in extreme circumstances, in which case it may be
considered.
[4]
|
|
|
|
|
Any additional relationship or principle considered to compromise independence under
local corporate best practice guidance.
|
Independent NED
|
|
|
No material
[5]
connection, either directly or indirectly, to the company
(other than a board seat) or the dissenting significant shareholder.
|
Employee Representative
|
|
|
Represents employees or employee shareholders of the company (classified as employee
representative but considered a non-independent NED).
|
Discharge of Directors
Generally vote FOR the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or
supervisory board, unless there is reliable information about significant and compelling
controversies that the board is not fulfilling its fiduciary duties warranted by:
|
|
|
A lack of oversight or actions by board members which invoke shareholder distrust
related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or company
interest rather than in shareholder interest; or
|
|
|
|
|
Any legal issues (e.g. civil/criminal) aiming to hold the board responsible for breach
of trust in the past or related to currently alleged actions yet to be confirmed (and not
only the fiscal year in question), such as price fixing, insider trading, bribery, fraud,
and other illegal actions; or
|
|
|
|
|
Other egregious governance issues where shareholders will bring legal action against the
company or its directors.
|
For markets which do not routinely request discharge resolutions (e.g. common law countries or
markets where discharge is not mandatory), analysts may voice concern in other appropriate agenda
items, such as approval of the annual accounts or other relevant resolutions, to enable
shareholders to express discontent with the board.
B-37
Appendix B
Director Compensation
Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive
relative to other companies in the country or industry.
Vote non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based
components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a
single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.
Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions
Vote proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers on a
CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify auditors.
Board Structure
Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.
Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.
Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of
the company or the board.
3. Capital Structure
Share Issuance Requests
General Issuances:
Vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued
capital.
Vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued
capital.
Specific Issuances:
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.
Increases in Authorized Capital
Vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current
authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new
authorization outstanding.
B-38
Appendix B
Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:
|
|
|
The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does
not meet RMG guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or
|
|
|
|
|
The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization
outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.
Reduction of Capital
Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are
unfavorable to shareholders.
Vote proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring on a CASE-BY-CASE
basis.
Capital Structures
Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share, one-vote capital structure.
Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual-class capital structures or the
creation of new or additional supervoting shares.
Preferred Stock
Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to
50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the
rights of existing shareholders.
Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of
common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets RMG guidelines on equity issuance
requests.
Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting
rights to the common shares.
Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the
authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.
Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Debt Issuance Requests
Vote non-convertible debt issuance requests on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, with or without preemptive
rights.
B-39
Appendix B
Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of
common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets RMG guidelines on equity issuance
requests.
Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring
would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.
Pledging of Assets for Debt
Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Increase in Borrowing Powers
Vote proposals to approve increases in a companys borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Share Repurchase Plans
Generally vote FOR share repurchase programs/market repurchase authorities, provided that the
proposal meets the following parameters:
|
|
|
Maximum volume: 10 percent for market repurchase within any single authority and 10
percent of outstanding shares to be kept in treasury (on the shelf);
|
|
|
|
|
Duration does not exceed 18 months.
|
For markets that either generally do not specify the maximum duration of the authority or seek a
duration beyond 18 months that is allowable under market specific legislation, RMG will assess the
companys historic practice. If there is evidence that a company has sought shareholder approval
for the authority to repurchase shares on an annual basis, RMG will support the proposed authority.
In addition, vote AGAINST any proposal where:
|
|
|
The repurchase can be used for takeover defenses;
|
|
|
|
|
There is clear evidence of abuse;
|
|
|
|
|
There is no safeguard against selective buybacks;
|
|
|
|
|
Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market
practice.
|
RMG may support share repurchase plans in excess of 10 percent volume under exceptional
circumstances, such as one-off company specific events (e.g. capital re-structuring). Such
proposals will be assessed case-by-case based on merits, which should be clearly disclosed in the
annual report, provided that following conditions are met:
|
|
|
The overall balance of the proposed plan seems to be clearly in shareholders interests;
|
B-40
Appendix B
|
|
|
The plan still respects the 10 percent maximum of shares to be kept in treasury.
|
Reissuance of Repurchased Shares
Vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this
authority in the past.
Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value
Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.
4. Other Items
Reorganizations/Restructurings
Vote reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Mergers and Acquisitions
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:
For every M&A analysis, RMG reviews publicly available information as of the date of the report and
evaluates the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes
countervailing factors including:
|
|
|
Valuation Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the
acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for
assessing valuation reasonableness, RMG places emphasis on the offer premium, market
reaction, and strategic rationale.
|
|
|
|
|
Market reaction How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market
reaction will cause RMG to scrutinize a deal more closely.
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic rationale Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value
derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but
reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful
integration of historical acquisitions.
|
|
|
|
|
Conflicts of interest Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately
and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? RMG will consider whether any
special interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend
the merger.
|
|
|
|
|
Governance Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than
the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the
governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that
other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.
|
B-41
Appendix B
Vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an
informed voting decision.
Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers
Vote proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Reincorporation Proposals
Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Expansion of Business Activities
Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into
risky areas.
Related-Party Transactions
Vote related-party transactions on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
In evaluating resolutions that seek shareholder approval on related party transactions (RPTs), vote
on a case-by-case basis, considering factors including, but not limited to, the following:
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the parties on either side of the transaction;
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the nature of the asset to be transferred/service to be provided;
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the pricing of the transaction (and any associated professional valuation);
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the views of independent directors (where provided);
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the views of an independent financial adviser (where appointed);
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whether any entities party to the transaction (including advisers) is conflicted; and
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the stated rationale for the transaction, including discussions of timing.
|
If there is a transaction that RMG deemed problematic and that was not put to a shareholder vote,
RMG may recommend against the election of the director involved in the related-party transaction or
the full board.
Compensation Plans
Vote compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Antitakeover Mechanisms
Generally vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals, unless they are structured in such a way that
they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.
B-42
Appendix B
Shareholder Proposals
Vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote FOR proposals that would improve the companys corporate governance or business profile at a
reasonable cost.
Vote AGAINST proposals that limit the companys business activities or capabilities or result in
significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.
B-43
Appendix B
Exhibit B (as amended February 2, 2009)
Modifications to recommendations set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Vote FOR proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder activity to take action by written consent.
Vote AGAINST proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.
Cumulative Voting
Vote FOR proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.
Vote AGAINST proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting.
Incumbent Director Nominees
Vote WITH managements recommendations regarding incumbent director nominees.
B-44
GMO TRUST
PART C.
OTHER INFORMATION
(a)
|
1.
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Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of GMO Trust (the Trust or
Registrant), dated September 10, 2009 (the Declaration of Trust);
29
|
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2.
|
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Amendment No. 1 to the Declaration of Trust;
30
and
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3.
|
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Amendment No. 2 to the Declaration of Trust Exhibit (a)3.
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(b)
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Amended and Restated By-laws of the Trust, effective as of March 1, 2007 (the
By-laws).
19
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(c)
|
1.
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Please refer to Article III (Shares) and Article V (Shareholders Voting Powers
and Meetings) of the Declaration of Trust, which is hereby incorporated by reference;
4
and
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2.
|
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Please refer to Article 2 (Meetings of Shareholders) of the By-laws, which
is hereby incorporated by reference.
13
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(d)
|
1.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tobacco-Free Core
Fund, and Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO);
18
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2.
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Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund (formerly GMO
International Core Fund), and GMO;
22
|
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3.
|
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Currency
Hedged International Equity Fund (formerly GMO Currency Hedged International Core
Fund), and GMO;
18
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4.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Small Companies Fund, and GMO;
18
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5.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Countries Fund (formerly GMO Evolving Countries Fund), and GMO;
18
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6.
|
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Domestic
Bond Fund, and GMO;
18
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7.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Bond Fund, and GMO;
18
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8.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Currency
Hedged International Bond Fund, and GMO;
18
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9.
|
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Country Debt Fund, and GMO;
18
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10.
|
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Short-Duration Investment Fund (formerly GMO Short-Term Income Fund), and
GMO;
18
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11.
|
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Alpha Only
Fund (formerly GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund), and GMO;
18
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12.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, and GMO;
18
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1
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13.
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Form of Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30,
2006, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO
U.S. Sector Fund and GMO U.S. Sector Allocation Fund), and GMO;
18
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14.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Taiwan
Fund, and GMO;
18
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15.
|
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Bond
Fund, and GMO;
18
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16.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30,
2006, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Real Estate Fund (formerly GMO REIT
Fund), and GMO;
18
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17.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Foreign
Fund, and GMO;
18
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18.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
1
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19.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global
Balanced Asset Allocation Fund (formerly GMO World Balanced Allocation Fund and
GMO World Equity Allocation Fund), and GMO;
2
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20.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global
Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund), and
GMO;
2
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21.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Core Plus
Bond Fund (formerly GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund and GMO Global Fund), and
GMO;
18
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22.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tax-Managed
U.S. Equities Fund, and GMO;
18
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23.
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Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund, and
GMO;
22
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24.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special
Purpose Holding Fund (formerly GMO Alpha LIBOR Fund), and GMO;
3
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25.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Foreign
Small Companies Fund, and GMO;
4
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26.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, and GMO;
7
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27.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Quality
Fund (formerly GMO U.S. Quality Equity Fund), and GMO;
9
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28.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World
Opportunity Overlay Fund, and GMO;
10
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29.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Strategic
Opportunities Allocation Fund (formerly GMO Strategic Balanced Allocation Fund),
and GMO;
11
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30.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
11
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31.
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Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Developed World Stock Fund, and GMO;
22
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2
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32.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Core
Equity Fund, and GMO;
14
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33.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Intrinsic Value Fund, and GMO;
14
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34.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Growth
Fund, and GMO;
14
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35.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, and GMO;
14
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36.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, and GMO;
14
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37.
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Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Core Equity Fund, and GMO;
14
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38.
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Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Growth Equity Fund, and
GMO;
22
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39.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Share Fund, and GMO;
15
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40.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Strategic Fixed
Income Fund, and GMO;
16
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41.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
16
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42.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Inflation Indexed
Plus Bond Fund, and GMO;
17
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43.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations
Fund, and GMO;
21
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44.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities
Fund, and GMO;
23
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45.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Arlington Fund, and
GMO;
24
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46.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Berkeley Fund, and
GMO;
24
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47.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Clarendon Fund, and
GMO;
24
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48.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Dartmouth Fund, and
GMO;
24
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49.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund,
and GMO;
25
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50.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation
Bond Fund, and GMO;
25
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51.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation
International Bond Fund, and GMO;
27
|
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52.
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Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World Opportunity
Overlay Share Fund, and GMO;
27
|
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53.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of August 12, 2009,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Markets Fund, and GMO;
29
|
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54.
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Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 25, 2010,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, and
GMO;
32
|
3
|
55.
|
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Management Contract, dated as of December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on
behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, and GMO;
30
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56.
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Management Contract, dated as of December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on
behalf of GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, and GMO;
30
and
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57.
|
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Management Contract, dated as of August 2, 2010, between the Trust, on
behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, and GMO Exhibit (d)57.
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(e)
|
1.
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|
Distribution Agreement (the Distribution Agreement), dated March 31, 2009, between
the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may be
amended from time to time, and Funds Distributor, LLC.
26
|
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(i)
|
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Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement as amended as of July
30, 2010 Exhibit (e)1(i).
|
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(g)
|
1.
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Form of Custodian Agreement (the IBT Custodian Agreement), dated August 1, 1991,
among the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed therein, GMO and Investors Bank & Trust
Company (IBT), as amended from time to time to include GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund, GMO
Domestic Bond Fund, GMO International Bond Fund, GMO Currency Hedged International Bond
Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO Real Estate Fund, GMO International Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Global Balanced Asset Allocation Fund, GMO Global Equity Allocation
Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund, GMO Core Plus Bond Fund, GMO Tax-Managed U.S.
Equities Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund, GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund, GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, GMO Quality Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, GMO
Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund,
GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Growth
Fund, GMO U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund, GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Share Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO International Opportunities
Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund, GMO Special Situations Fund,
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO Asset Allocation International
Bond Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, and GMO
High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund;
18
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(i)
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|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated May 30,
2003, among the Trust, GMO and IBT;
8
|
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(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated July 25,
2007, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO and State
Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street Bank) (as successor by merger to
IBT);
21
|
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(iii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated March
10, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and GMO
|
4
|
|
|
Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by
merger to IBT);
25
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated
June 18, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation International
Bond Fund and GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO and State Street
Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
27
|
|
(v)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated
November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as
successor by merger to IBT);
30
|
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2.
|
|
Form of Custodian Agreement (the BBH Custodian Agreement), dated June 29,
2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule I thereto, and
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (BBH), as amended from time to time to include GMO
Taiwan Fund, GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO International Growth Equity Fund,
GMO International Core Equity Fund, GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and GMO Emerging
Domestic Opportunities Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June 4,
2003, among the Trust and BBH;
8
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June 16,
2008, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and
BBH;
23
|
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(iii)
|
|
Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June 30, 2009,
among the Trust and BBH;
28
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated May 21,
2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund,
and BBH Exhibit (g)2(iv);
|
|
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3.
|
|
Form of Accounting Agency Agreement (the Accounting Agency Agreement),
dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule
I thereto, and BBH, as amended to include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO Flexible Equities
Fund, and GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Form of Second Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement,
dated November 22, 2005, between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on
Schedule I thereto, and BBH;
18
|
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(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement, dated June
16, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and
BBH;
23
|
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|
(iii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement, dated May
21, 2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities
Fund, and BBH Exhibit (g)3(iii);
|
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4.
|
|
Form of 17f-5 Delegation Schedule (the Delegation Schedule), dated June
29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule 1 thereto,
and BBH, as amended from time to time to include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO Developed World
Stock Fund, GMO International Growth Equity Fund, GMO International Core Equity Fund,
GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund;
6
|
5
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Schedule, dated June 16,
2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and
BBH;
23
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Schedule, dated May 21,
2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund,
and BBH Exhibit (g)4(ii);
|
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5.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Delegation Agreement (the Delegation
Agreement), dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Core Plus Bond
Fund, GMO International Bond Fund, GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund, GMO
Global Bond Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, and GMO Emerging Country Debt Share
Fund, and IBT, as amended from time to time to include GMO Short-Duration Collateral
Fund, GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation
Fund, GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value
Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Intrinsic
Value Fund, GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, GMO
Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund,
GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund, GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO U.S. Treasury
Fund, GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO Asset Allocation International Bond Fund,
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, and GMO High
Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund;
6
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(i)
|
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Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated July 25,
2007, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO and State
Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
21
|
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(ii)
|
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Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated March 10,
2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and GMO Asset
Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to
IBT);
25
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated
June 18, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation International
Bond Fund and GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO and State Street
Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
27
and
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated
November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as
successor by merger to IBT).
30
|
(h)
|
1.
|
|
Form of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement), dated August 1, 1991, among the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed
therein, GMO and IBT, as amended from time to time to include GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO
Real Estate Fund, GMO Foreign Fund, GMO International Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Global
Balanced Asset Allocation Fund, GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed
Bond Fund, GMO Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO Core Plus Bond Fund, GMO Tax-Managed
International Equities Fund, GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt
Share Fund, GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund,
|
6
|
|
|
GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund, GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund, GMO Quality
Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation
Fund, GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Developed World Stock
Fund, GMO International Growth Equity Fund, GMO International Core Equity Fund, GMO
U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Growth
Fund, GMO U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund, GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Share Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO International
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund, GMO
Special Situations Fund, GMO Flexible Equities Fund, GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, GMO
Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, GMO World
Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, GMO High Quality
Short-Duration Bond Fund, and GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund;
18
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement,
dated July 25, 2007, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations Fund,
GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
21
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement,
dated June 16, 2008, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities Fund,
GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
23
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement,
dated March 10, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and
GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by
merger to IBT);
25
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated June 18, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset
Allocation International Bond Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund,
GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
27
|
|
(v)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt
Opportunities Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State
Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
30
|
|
|
(vi)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement,
dated July 30, 2010, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic
Opportunities Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT)
Exhibit (h)1(vi);
|
|
|
|
2.
|
(i)
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund Expenses by GMO
to the Trust, dated as of June 25, 2010;
32
|
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund Expenses
by GMO to the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund,
dated as of July 30, 2010 Exhibit (h)2(ii);
|
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Amended and Restated Servicing Agreement, dated May 30, 1996, as amended
and restated effective May 18, 2010, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Exhibit I thereto, and GMO Exhibit (h)3; and
|
|
7
|
|
4.
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Waive Shareholder Service Fees by GMO to the
Trust, dated as of June 30, 2010.
33
|
|
|
(i)
|
|
Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP Exhibit (i).
|
|
|
(j)
|
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Not applicable.
|
|
(k)
|
|
Financial StatementsNot applicable.
|
(m)
|
1.
|
|
GMO Trust Amended and Restated Distribution and Service Plan (Class M), dated as of
November 15, 2001, as amended and restated as of June 30, 2009, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Appendix A thereto;
27
|
|
2.
|
|
Amended and Restated Administration Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2009,
on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit I thereto;
27
|
|
3.
|
|
Form of Service Agreement (Service Agreement), dated October 1, 2001,
between American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may be amended from time to
time;
5
|
|
(i)
|
|
Second Amendment to Service Agreement, dated September 9, 2005,
between American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and the Trust, on behalf of
certain Funds listed on Schedule A thereto;
18
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Assignment Agreement, effective as of April 2, 2007, between
Wachovia Bank, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. (f/k/a American Express
Financial Advisors Inc.) and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on
Schedule A thereto;
20
|
|
4.
|
|
Form of Services Agreement, dated as of March 2002, between Fidelity
Brokerage Services LLC and National Financial Services LLC, and the Trust, on behalf
of certain Funds listed on Exhibit B thereto;
6
|
|
5.
|
|
Funds Trading Agreement (Funds Trading Agreement), dated July 1, 2001,
between Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company, Inc. (FIIOC), IBT,
GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A
thereto;
18
|
|
(i)
|
|
Second Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of April
1, 2003, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Third Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
November 28, 2003, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Fourth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of April
1, 2004, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Fifth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
February 1, 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
8
|
(v)
|
|
Sixth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of July,
2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed
on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
(vi)
|
|
Seventh Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
September, 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
6.
|
|
Form of Funds Trading Agreement (BBH Funds Trading Agreement), dated July
1, 2001, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO and the Trust on behalf of certain Funds listed
on Exhibit A thereto;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Form of First Amendment to the BBH Funds Trading Agreement,
dated January 1, 2002, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf
of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
6
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Second Amendment to the BBH Funds Trading Agreement, dated July
1, 2002, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
7.
|
|
Form of Shareholder Services Agreement (Shareholder Services Agreement),
dated as of October 31, 2001, between Citistreet LLC (Citistreet) and the Trust, on
behalf of certain Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;
8
|
|
(i)
|
|
First Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of
May 6, 2002, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Second Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of
October 15, 2002, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Third Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of
April 30, 2003, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Fourth Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of
July 1, 2005, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
and
|
|
(v)
|
|
Fifth Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of
September 1, 2005, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto.
18
|
|
|
8.
|
|
Operating Agreement (Operating Agreement), dated as of April 19, 2000,
between Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Schedule I thereto;
32
and
|
|
|
|
(i)
|
|
First Amendment to Operating Agreement, dated as of March 10,
2010, between Schwab and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on
Schedule I thereto.
32
|
|
|
(n)
|
|
|
Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, effective June 1,
1996, as amended and restated June 10, 2010.
32
|
|
9
(p)
|
1.
|
|
GMO Code of Ethics, dated October 1, 2008, adopted by GMO, GMO Australasia LLC, GMO
Australia Ltd., GMO Singapore PTE Ltd., GMO Switzerland GMBH, GMO U.K. Ltd., GMO Woolley
Ltd., GMO Renewable Resources LLC, GMO Renewable Resources (in New Zealand), and GMO
Renewable Resources Uruguay, SRL.
25
|
|
2.
|
|
GMO Trust Code of Ethics, dated September 5, 2008, adopted by the
Trust.
24
|
|
3.
|
|
Code of Ethics for the Independent Trustees of GMO Trust, dated as of March
11, 2010, adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
31
|
1. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Registration
Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act) and Amendment No. 28 to the
Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act (the 1940 Act) on March 13,
1996, and hereby incorporated by reference.
2. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 30 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 28, 1996, and hereby incorporated by reference.
3. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 60 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on December 30, 1999, and hereby incorporated by reference.
4. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 63 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on July 3, 2000, and hereby incorporated by reference.
5. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 1, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
6. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 77 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 1, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
7. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 84 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on November 26, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
8. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 89 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 30, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference.
9. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 90 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on October 31, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference.
10. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 126 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on November 18, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference.
11. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 105 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 131 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 15, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
12. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 132 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on March 29, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
13. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 113 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 141 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 30, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
14. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 142 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on August 17, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
10
15. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 146 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 1, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
16. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 17, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
17. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 125 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 153 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 31, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
18. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 154 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 28, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
19. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 127 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 156 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 1, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference.
20. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 128 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 158 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 29, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference.
21. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 159 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on July 27, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference.
22. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 161 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 27, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference.
23. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 163 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on July 25, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference.
24. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 164 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on December 24, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference.
25. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 133 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 167 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 13, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
26. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 169 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 1, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
27. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 170 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 26, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
28. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 137 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 172 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on July 17, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
29. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 139 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 174 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on October 30, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
30. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 175 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on December 3, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
31. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 140 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 176 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on April 30, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference.
32. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 178 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 25, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference.
11
33. Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 179 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 29, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
|
Item 29.
|
|
Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with a Fund
|
|
|
|
|
|
Controlling Fund
|
|
Person Controlled
|
|
Nature of Control
|
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity
Fund
|
|
GMO Alternative Asset SPC
Ltd.
(a) (b)
|
|
100% ownership
(c)
|
GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
GMO SPV I, LLC
(a) (d)
|
|
74.9% ownership
(c)
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
Included in the controlling Funds consolidated financial statements.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Organized under the laws of Bermuda.
|
|
(c)
|
|
As of the most recent fiscal year ended February 28, 2010.
|
|
(d)
|
|
Organized under the laws of the State of Delaware.
|
Please refer to Article 4 (Indemnification) of the By-laws.
In addition, the Trust will maintain a trustees and officers liability insurance policy under
which the Trust and its trustees and officers will be named insureds. The Trust also has entered
into agreements with each of its trustees pursuant to which each of the Funds has agreed to
indemnify each Trustee to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law against any liability and
expense incurred by the Trustee by reason of the Trustee being or having been a Trustee.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
Securities Act) may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant
pursuant to the Trusts By-laws, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion
of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses
incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful
defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling
person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the
opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy
as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
|
|
|
Item 31.
|
|
Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
|
A description of the business of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, the investment
adviser of the Funds of the Registrant (the Investment Adviser), is set forth
12
under the captions
Management of the Trust in the prospectuses and Investment
Advisory and Other Services in the statements of additional information, all forming part of this
Registration Statement.
Except as set forth below, the directors, officers, and members of the Investment Adviser,
have been engaged during the past two fiscal years in no business, profession, vocation or
employment of a substantial nature other than as directors, officers, or members of the Investment
Adviser or certain of its affiliates. Certain directors, officers, and members of the Investment
Adviser serve as officers or trustees of the Registrant as set forth under the caption Management
of the Trust in the Registrants statements of additional information, forming part of this
Registration Statement, and/or as officers and/or directors of certain private investment companies
managed by the Investment Adviser or certain of its affiliates. The address of the Investment
Adviser and the Registrant is 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
Arjun Divecha
|
|
Member, Chairman of the Board
of Directors, and Investment
Director
|
|
Director, Frog Hollow
Fresh LLC, P.O. Box
872, Brentwood, CA
94513
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Jeremy Grantham
|
|
Founding Member, Member of the
Board of Directors, and Chief
Investment Strategist
|
|
CFA Institute
Investors Working
Group (IWG) Member,
560 Ray C. Hunt Drive,
Charlottesville, VA
22903; MSPCC
Investment Committee,
555 Amory Street,
Jamaica Plain, MA
02130; Board of
Directors,
Environmental Defense,
257 Park Avenue South,
New York, NY 10010;
Board Member, Imperial
College of London
Grantham Institute for
Climate Change, London
SW7 2AZ; Board Member,
London School of
Economics Grantham
Institute for Climate
Change, Houghton
Street, London, WC2A
2AE
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jon Hagler
|
|
Member and Member of the Board
of Directors
|
|
Overseers Advisory
Board, WGBH Boston,
125 Western Ave.,
Boston, MA 02134;
Trustee Emeritus,
Texas A&M Foundation,
Texas A&M University,
College Station, TX
77843; Chairman,
Vision
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
|
|
|
|
2020 Advisory Council, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bevis Longstreth
|
|
Member of the Board of Directors
|
|
Trustee, College
Retirement Equity
Fund, 730 Third Ave.,
NY, NY 10017-3206;
Director, AMVESCAP,
1315 Peachtree Street,
NE, Atlanta, GA
30309; Expert witness
in periodic securities
litigation; Trustee
and financial adviser
to certain high net
worth
individuals/families;
Historical novelist;
Fiduciary for various
not-for-profit
institutions
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Rosenblum
|
|
Member and Vice Chairman of the
Board of Directors
|
|
Director, The
Chesapeake
Corporation, 1021 East
Cary Street, Richmond,
VA 23219; Trustee,
Landmark Volunteers,
P.O. Box 455,
Sheffield, MA 01257;
Jamestown-Yorktown
Foundation, Inc., P.O.
Box 1607,
Williamsburg, VA
23187-1607; American
Civil War Center
Foundation, 200 S.
Third St., Richmond,
VA 23219; Chair of
the Board, Atlantic
Challenge, 643 Main
St., Rockland, ME
04841; University
Symphony Society, 112
Old Cabell Hall,
Charlottesville, VA
22903; Treasurer and
Board Member,
Farnsworth Art Museum,
16 Museum Street,
Rockland, Maine 04841
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eyk Van Otterloo
|
|
Founding Member and Member of
the Board of Directors
|
|
Chairman of the Board,
Chemonics
International, 1133
20th Street, NW, Suite
600, Washington, D.C.
20036; Board Member,
Dimensional Photonics,
187 Ballardvale
|
14
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
|
|
|
|
Street, Suite A135,
Wilmington, MA 01887,
Board Member,
CliniLabs, 423 W. 55th
Street, 4th Floor, New
York, NY 10019,
Overseer, Peabody
Essex Museum, East
India Square, Salem,
MA 01970
|
|
|
|
Item 32.
|
|
Principal Underwriters
|
|
|
|
Item 32(a).
|
|
Funds Distributor, LLC (FD) acts as principal underwriter for the following
investment companies:
GMO Trust
Munder Series Trust II
Munder Series Trust
|
FD is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a
member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. FD has its main address at 10 High Street,
Suite 302, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. FD is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside
Financial Group LLC.
|
|
|
Item 32(b).
|
|
Information about Directors and Officers of FD is as follows:
|
|
|
|
Director or Officer
|
|
Positions and Offices with FD
|
Mark S. Redman
|
|
President and Manager
|
Richard J. Berthy
|
|
Treasurer, Vice President and Manager
|
Jennifer E. Hoopes
|
|
Secretary
|
Paul F. Hahesy
|
|
Chief Compliance Officer
|
The above FD directors and officers do not have positions or offices with the Trust.
Item 32(c). Other Compensation received by FD from certain Funds of the Trust with respect to the
last fiscal year
(a)
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class M
(b)
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
|
GMO Fund Name
|
|
March 1, 2009 through February 28, 2010
|
GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund
|
|
$
|
3,434
|
|
GMO U.S. Growth Fund
|
|
$
|
1,478
|
|
GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund
|
|
$
|
31,599
|
|
GMO Foreign Fund
|
|
$
|
12,251
|
|
GMO Emerging Countries Fund
|
|
$
|
73,916
|
|
15
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
FD is entitled to receive any distribution and service (12b-1) fees paid by the
Class M Shares for services rendered and expenses borne by FD which are primarily intended to
result in the sale of Class M shares and/or the provision of certain other services incidental
thereto. During the last fiscal year, FD did not retain any of the distribution and service
(12b-1) fees paid by the Funds and directed that the Funds remit the distribution and service
(12b-1) fees directly to certain third party intermediaries who rendered services to the Funds.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Other classes of the GMO Funds do not pay distribution (12b-1) fees or any other
type of commission or compensation to FD.
|
|
|
|
Item 33.
|
|
Location of Accounts and Records
|
The accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) and the
rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of the Registrant, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA
02110; the Registrants investment adviser, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, MA 02110; the Registrants distributor, Funds Distributor, LLC, 10 High Street, Suite 302,
Boston, MA 02110; the Registrants custodian for certain of the Funds, Brown Brothers Harriman &
Co., 40 Water Street, Boston, MA 02109; and the Registrants custodian for certain of the Funds and
transfer agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111.
|
|
|
Item 34.
|
|
Management Services
|
Not applicable.
None.
Notice
A copy of the Declaration of Trust, together with all amendments thereto, is on file with the
Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this instrument is
executed on behalf of the Trust by an officer of the Trust as an officer and not individually and
that the obligations of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or officers of the
Trust or shareholders of any series of the Trust individually but are binding only upon the assets
and property of the Trust or the respective series.
16
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act) and the
Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), each as amended, the Registrant, GMO Trust,
certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement
under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No.
143 under the Securities Act and Amendment No. 180 under the 1940 Act to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Boston and The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, on the 30th day of July, 2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Trust
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By:
|
|
J.B. KITTREDGE*
J.B. Kittredge
|
|
|
|
|
Title:
|
|
President; Chief Executive Officer;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal Executive Officer
|
|
|
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 143 to
GMO Trusts Registration Statement under the Securities Act has been signed below by the following
persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
Signatures
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.B. KITTREDGE*
J.B. Kittredge
|
|
Trustee; President;
Chief Executive
Officer; Principal
Executive Officer
|
|
July 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
SHEPPARD N. BURNETT*
Sheppard N. Burnett
|
|
Treasurer; Chief
Financial Officer;
Principal Financial
and Accounting
Officer
|
|
July 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
DONALD W. GLAZER*
|
|
Trustee
|
|
July 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. NICHOLAS THORNDIKE*
|
|
Trustee
|
|
July 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PETER TUFANO*
|
|
Trustee
|
|
July 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PAUL BRAVERMAN*
|
|
Trustee
|
|
July 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* By:
|
|
/s/ JASON HARRISON
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jason Harrison
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Attorney-in-Fact**
|
|
|
|
|
|
**
|
|
Pursuant to Powers of Attorney for each of Donald W. Glazer, W.
Nicholas Thorndike, and Peter Tufano filed with the SEC as part of
Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to the Registration Statement under the 1933
Act and Amendment No. 173 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on
September 29, 2009, pursuant to Powers of Attorney for each of Sheppard N.
Burnett and J.B. Kittredge (in his capacity as President, Chief Executive
Officer, and Principal Executive Officer) filed with the SEC as part of
Post-Effective Amendment No. 139 to the Registration Statement under the 1933
Act and Amendment No. 174 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on
October 30, 2009, and pursuant to Powers of Attorney for each of Paul
Braverman and J.B. Kittredge (in his capacity as Trustee) filed with the SEC
as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 140 to the Registration Statement
under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 176 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on April 30, 2010.
|
GMO TRUST EMERGING DOMESTIC OPPORTUNITIES FUND 485(b) FILING
17
EXHIBIT INDEX
GMO TRUST
|
|
|
Exhibit Ref.
|
|
Title of Exhibit
|
|
|
|
(a)3
|
|
Amendment No. 2 to the Declaration of Trust
|
|
|
|
(d)57
|
|
Management Contract, dated as of August 2, 2010, between the Trust, on
behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, and GMO
|
|
|
|
(e)1(i)
|
|
Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement as amended as of July 30, 2010
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(g)2(iv)
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Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated May 21, 2010,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities
Fund, and BBH
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(g)3(iii)
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Letter Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement, dated May 21,
2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic
Opportunities Fund, and BBH
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(g)4(ii)
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Letter Amendment to the Delegation Schedule, dated May 21, 2010,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities
Fund, and BBH
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(h)1(vi)
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Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated
July 30, 2010, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic
Opportunities Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger
to IBT)
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(h)2(ii)
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Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund Expenses by GMO
to the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund,
dated as of July 30, 2010
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(h)3
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Amended and Restated Servicing Agreement, dated May 30, 1996, as
amended and restated effective May 18, 2010, between the Trust, on
behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit I thereto, and GMO
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(i)
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Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP
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Other.
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1
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Certificate of Clerk of the Trust certifying resolution by the Board
of Trustees of the Trust required pursuant to Rule 483 under the
Securities Act of 1933
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18