UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________________ to ________________
Commission file number: 001-31775
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
     
Maryland   86-1062192
     
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (IRS employer identification number)
 
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100
Dallas, Texas
  75254
     
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip code)
(972) 490-9600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þ Yes o No
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). o Yes o No
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):
Large accelerated Filer  o Accelerated filer  þ  
Non-accelerated Filer  o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company  o
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes þ No
     Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
     
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share   60,957,147
     
(Class)   Outstanding at May 10, 2011
 
 

 


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2011
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share amounts)
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2011     2010  
    (Unaudited)  
Assets
               
Investments in hotel properties, net
  $ 3,017,661     $ 3,023,736  
Cash and cash equivalents
    92,411       217,690  
Restricted cash
    73,485       67,666  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $217 and $298, respectively
    70,111       27,493  
Inventories
    2,588       2,909  
Notes receivable
    20,897       20,870  
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
    193,125       15,000  
Assets held for sale
    ¯       144,511  
Deferred costs, net
    18,050       17,519  
Prepaid expenses
    10,296       12,727  
Interest rate derivatives
    90,058       106,867  
Other assets
    4,637       7,502  
Intangible assets, net
    2,877       2,899  
Due from third-party hotel managers
    50,571       49,135  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 3,646,767     $ 3,716,524  
 
           
Liabilities and Equity
               
Liabilities:
               
Indebtedness
  $ 2,444,610     $ 2,518,164  
Indebtedness of assets held for sale
          50,619  
Capital leases payable
    24       36  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    98,760       79,248  
Dividends payable
    14,269       7,281  
Unfavorable management contract liabilities
    15,493       16,058  
Due to related party
    1,998       2,400  
Due to third-party hotel managers
    2,328       1,870  
Other liabilities
    4,597       4,627  
Other liabilities of assets held for sale
          2,995  
 
           
Total liabilities
    2,582,079       2,683,298  
 
           
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
               
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, Series B-1 Cumulative Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, 7,247,865 shares issued and outstanding
    72,986       72,986  
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    142,998       126,722  
Equity:
               
Shareholders’ equity of the Company:
               
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized —
               
Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock, 1,487,900 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010
    15       15  
Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock, 8,966,797 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010
    90       90  
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 123,503,893 and 122,403,893 shares issued at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010; 59,403,816 and 58,999,324 shares outstanding at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010
    1,235       1,234  
Additional paid-in capital
    1,556,040       1,552,657  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (411 )     (550 )
Accumulated deficit
    (531,547 )     (543,788 )
Treasury stock, at cost, 64,100,077 and 64,404,569 shares at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010
    (191,578 )     (192,850 )
 
           
Total shareholders’ equity of the Company
    833,844       816,808  
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
    14,860       16,710  
 
           
Total equity
    848,704       833,518  
 
           
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 3,646,767     $ 3,716,524  
 
           
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

3


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2011     2010  
    (Unaudited)  
Revenue
               
Rooms
  $ 163,060     $ 151,726  
Food and beverage
    38,394       36,169  
Rental income from operating leases
    1,220       1,089  
Other
    9,282       9,808  
 
           
Total hotel revenue
    211,956       198,792  
Interest income from notes receivable
          337  
Asset management fees and other
    338       74  
 
           
Total revenue
    212,294       199,203  
 
           
Expenses
               
Hotel operating expenses:
               
Rooms
    37,088       34,635  
Food and beverage
    26,473       25,482  
Other expenses
    65,593       62,670  
Management fees
    8,879       8,368  
 
           
Total hotel operating expenses
    138,033       131,155  
Property taxes, insurance and other
    10,929       13,154  
Depreciation and amortization
    32,973       34,040  
Impairment charges
    (340 )     (769 )
Transaction acquisition costs
    (1,224 )      
Corporate general and administrative
    13,883       6,658  
 
           
Total expenses
    194,254       184,238  
 
           
Operating income
    18,040       14,965  
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint venture
    28,124       658  
Interest income
    36       61  
Other income
    48,003       15,519  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
    (34,578 )     (35,064 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives
    (16,817 )     13,908  
 
           
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
    42,808       10,047  
Income tax expense
    (1,044 )     (44 )
 
           
Income from continuing operations
    41,764       10,003  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    2,118       (4,777 )
 
           
Net income
    43,882       5,226  
(Income) loss from consolidated joint ventures attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (931 )     701  
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (5,118 )     (792 )
 
           
Net income attributable to the Company
    37,833       5,135  
Preferred dividends
    (6,555 )     (4,830 )
 
           
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 31,278     $ 305  
 
           
Income (loss) per share — basic:
               
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders
  $ 0.51     $ 0.08  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to common shareholders
    0.02       (0.07 )
 
           
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 0.53     $ 0.01  
 
           
Income (loss) per share — diluted:
               
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders
  $ 0.45     $ 0.08  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to common shareholders
    0.01       (0.07 )
 
           
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 0.46     $ 0.01  
 
           
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic
    57,931       53,073  
 
           
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted
    79,330       53,073  
 
           
Dividends declared per common share
  $ 0.10     $  
 
           
Amounts attributable to common shareholders:
               
Income from continuing operations, net of tax
  $ 36,873     $ 9,208  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    960       (4,073 )
Preferred dividends
    (6,555 )     (4,830 )
 
           
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 31,278     $ 305  
 
           
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

4


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2011     2010  
    (Unaudited)  
Net income
  $ 43,882     $ 5,226  
 
           
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
               
Change in unrealized loss on derivatives
    8       (170 )
Reclassification to interest expense
    186       111  
 
           
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
    194       (59 )
 
           
Comprehensive income
    44,076       5,167  
Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
    (966 )     694  
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (5,138 )     (782 )
 
           
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company
  $ 37,972     $ 5,079  
 
           
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

5


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2011
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                            Redeemable  
                                                                    Accumulated                     Noncontrolling             Noncontrolling  
    Preferred Stock                     Additional             Other                     Interests in             Interests in  
    Series A     Series D     Common Stock     Paid-in     Accumulated     Comprehensive     Treasury Stock     Consolidated             Operating  
    Shares     Amounts     Shares     Amounts     Shares     Amounts     Capital     Deficit     Loss     Shares     Amounts     Joint Ventures     Total     Partnership  
Balance at January 1, 2011
    1,488     $ 15       8,967     $ 90       123,404     $ 1,234     $ 1,552,657     $ (543,788 )   $ (550 )     (64,404 )   $ (192,850 )   $ 16,710     $ 833,518     $ 126,722  
Reissuance of treasury shares
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       1,472       ¯       ¯       300       1,342       ¯       2,814       ¯  
Forfeiture of restricted shares
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       8       ¯       ¯       (16 )     (160 )     ¯       (152 )     ¯  
Issuance of restricted shares/units under stock/unit-based compensation plan
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       (90 )     ¯       ¯       20       90       ¯       ¯       1  
Stock/unit-based compensation expense
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       963       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       963       855  
Net income
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯             37,833       ¯       ¯       ¯       931       38,764       5,118  
Dividends declared — Common shares
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯             (5,941 )     ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       (5,941 )     ¯  
Dividends declared — Preferred A shares
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       (795 )     ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       (795 )     ¯  
Dividends declared — Preferred B-1 shares
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       (1,025 )     ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       (1,025 )     ¯  
Dividends declared — Preferred D shares
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       (4,735 )     ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       (4,735 )     ¯  
Change in unrealized losses on derivatives
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       7       ¯       ¯       ¯       7       1  
Reclassification to interest expense
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       132       ¯       ¯       35       167       19  
Distributions to noncontrolling interests.
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       (2,816 )     (2,816 )     (1,783 )
Redemption/conversion of operating partnership units
    ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       100       1       1,030       (66 )     ¯       ¯       ¯       ¯       965       (965 )
Operating partnership units redemption value adjustments
                                              (13,030 )                             (13,030 )     13,030  
 
                                                                                   
Balance at March 31, 2011
    1,488     $ 15       8,967     $ 90       123,504     $ 1,235     $ 1,556,040     $ (531,547 )   $ (411 )     (64,100 )   $ (191,578 )   $ 14,860     $ 848,704     $ 142,998  
 
                                                                                   
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

6


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2011     2010  
    (Unaudited)  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
               
Net income
  $ 43,882     $ 5,226  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    32,973       37,208  
Impairment charges
    (340 )     (769 )
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint venture
    (28,124 )     (658 )
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint venture
          203  
Income from derivatives
    (18,003 )     (15,534 )
Amortization of loan costs, write-off of loan costs and exit fees
    2,051       1,670  
Gain on disposition of hotel properties
    (2,802 )      
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives
    16,817       (13,908 )
Stock/unit-based compensation expense
    1,814       1,172  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
               
Restricted cash
    (5,819 )     7,231  
Accounts receivable and inventories
    (42,382 )     (13,487 )
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    1,208       200  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    16,898       19,802  
Due to/from related parties
    (1,532 )     (258 )
Due to/from third-party hotel managers
    (978 )     (2,200 )
Other liabilities
    286       (275 )
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    15,949       25,623  
 
           
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
               
Repayments of notes receivable
    313       20,823  
Proceeds from sale/disposition of properties
    143,915        
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture
    (145,750 )      
Acquisition of condominium properties
    (12,000 )      
Improvements and additions to hotel properties
    (13,921 )     (18,196 )
 
           
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    (27,443 )     2,627  
 
           
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
               
Repayments of indebtedness and capital leases
    (125,219 )     (1,377 )
Payments of deferred loan costs
    (2,166 )     (834 )
Issuance of common stock
    2,814        
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
    (127 )     (129 )
Payments of dividends
    (7,291 )     (5,566 )
Cash income from derivatives
    18,203       15,707  
Repurchases of treasury stock
          (29,094 )
Redemption of operating partnership units and other
    1       54  
 
           
Net cash used in financing activities
    (113,785 )     (21,239 )
 
           
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (125,279 )     7,011  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    217,690       165,168  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 92,411     $ 172,179  
 
           
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
               
Interest paid
  $ 32,239     $ 32,081  
Income taxes paid (refund)
  $ (63 )   $ 257  
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activity
               
Accrued interest added to principal of indebtedness
  $ 1,034     $ 1,155  
Asset contributed to unconsolidated joint venture
  $ 15,000     $  
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

7


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization and Description of Business
     Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Ashford”), is a self-advised real estate investment trust (“REIT”) focused on investing in the hospitality industry across all segments and in all methods including direct real estate, securities, equity, and debt. We commenced operations in August 2003 with the acquisition of six hotels in connection with our initial public offering. We own our lodging investments and conduct our business through Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating partnership. Ashford OP General Partner LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ashford, serves as the sole general partner of our operating partnership. In this report, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and all entities included in its consolidated financial statements.
     As of March 31, 2011, we owned 92 hotel properties directly and five hotel properties through majority-owned investments in joint ventures, which represents 20,774 total rooms, or 20,458 net rooms excluding those attributable to our joint venture partners. All of these hotel properties are located in the United States. In March 2011, we acquired 96 units of hotel condominiums at WorldQuest Resort in Orlando, Florida for $12.0 million. Also in March 2011, with an investment of $150.0 million, we converted our interest in a joint venture that held a mezzanine loan into a 71.74% common equity interest and a $25.0 million preferred equity interest in a new joint venture (the PIM Highland JV) that holds 28 high quality full and select service hotel properties with 8,084 total rooms, or 5,800 net rooms excluding those attributable to our joint venture partner. See Notes 3 and 6. At March 31, 2011, we also wholly owned mezzanine loan receivables with a carrying value of $20.9 million.
     For federal income tax purposes, we elected to be treated as a REIT, which imposes limitations related to operating hotels. As of March 31, 2011, 96 of our 97 hotel properties were leased or owned by our wholly-owned subsidiaries that are treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries for federal income tax purposes (collectively, these subsidiaries are referred to as “Ashford TRS”). Ashford TRS then engages third-party or affiliated hotel management companies to operate the hotels under management contracts. Hotel operating results related to these properties are included in the consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2011, one hotel property was leased on a triple-net lease basis to a third-party tenant who operates the hotel. Rental income from this operating lease is included in the consolidated results of operations.
     Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC (“Remington Lodging”), our primary property manager, is beneficially wholly owned by Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., our Chairman, and Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our Chief Executive Officer. As of March 31, 2011, Remington Lodging managed 46 of our 97 hotel properties, while third-party management companies managed the remaining 51 hotel properties.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
      Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ashford, its majority-owned subsidiaries and its majority-owned joint ventures in which it has a controlling interest. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in these consolidated financial statements.
     These financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2010 Annual Report to Shareholders on Form 10-K.
     The following items affect our reporting comparability related to our consolidated financial statements:
    Some of our properties’ operations have historically been seasonal. This seasonality pattern causes fluctuations in the operating results. Consequently, operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2011 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2011.

8


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
    Marriott International, Inc. (“Marriott”) manages 41 of our properties. For these Marriott-managed hotels, the fiscal year reflects twelve weeks of operations in each of the first three quarters of the year and sixteen weeks for the fourth quarter of the year. Therefore, in any given quarterly period, period-over-period results will have different ending dates. For Marriott-managed hotels, the first quarters of 2011 and 2010 ended March 25 and March 26, respectively.
      Use of Estimates — The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
      Investments in Hotel Properties — Hotel properties are generally stated at cost. However, the remaining four hotel properties contributed upon Ashford’s formation in 2003 that are still owned by Ashford (the “Initial Properties”) are stated at the predecessor’s historical cost, net of impairment charges, if any, plus a noncontrolling interest partial step-up related to the acquisition of noncontrolling interests from third parties associated with four of the Initial Properties. For hotel properties owned through our majority-owned joint ventures, the carrying basis attributable to the joint venture partners’ minority ownership is recorded at the predecessor’s historical cost, net of any impairment charges, while the carrying basis attributable to our majority ownership is recorded based on the allocated purchase price of our ownership interests in the joint ventures. All improvements and additions which extend the useful life of the hotel properties are capitalized.
      Impairment of Investment in Hotel Properties — Hotel properties are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We test impairment by using current or projected cash flows over the estimated useful life of the asset. In evaluating the impairment of hotel properties, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected useful life. We may also use fair values of comparable assets. If an asset is deemed to be impaired, we record an impairment charge for the amount that the property’s net book value exceeds its estimated fair value. No impairment charges were recorded for hotel properties for the three months ended March 31, 2011 or 2010.
      Notes Receivable — We provide mezzanine and first-mortgage financing in the form of notes receivable. These loans are held for investment and are intended to be held to maturity and accordingly, are recorded at cost, net of unamortized loan origination costs and fees, loan purchase discounts and net of the allowance for losses when a loan is deemed to be impaired. Premiums, discounts, and net origination fees are amortized or accreted as an adjustment to interest income using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. We discontinue recording interest and amortizing discounts/premiums when the contractual payment of interest and/or principal is not received. Payments received on impaired nonaccrual loans are recorded as adjustments to impairment charges. No interest income was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and $337,000 interest income was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2010.
     Variable interest entities, as defined by authoritative accounting guidance, must be consolidated by their controlling interest beneficiaries if the variable interest entities do not effectively disperse risks among the parties involved. Our mezzanine and first-mortgage notes receivable are each secured by various hotel properties or partnership interests in hotel properties and are subordinate to the controlling interest in the secured hotel properties. All such notes receivable are considered to be variable interests in the entities that own the related hotels. However, we are not considered to be the primary beneficiary of these hotel properties as a result of holding these loans. Therefore, we do not consolidate the hotels for which we have provided financing. We will evaluate the interests in entities acquired or created in the future to determine whether such entities should be consolidated. In evaluating variable interest entities, our analysis involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
      Impairment of Notes Receivable — We review notes receivables for impairment in each reporting period pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts recorded as assets on the balance sheet. We apply normal loan review and underwriting procedures (as may be implemented or modified from time to time) in making that judgment.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     When a loan is impaired, we measure impairment based on the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate against the value of the asset recorded on the balance sheet. We may also measure impairment based on a loan’s observable market price or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If a loan is deemed to be impaired, we record a valuation allowance through a charge to earnings for any shortfall. Our assessment of impairment is based on considerable judgment and estimates. No impairment charges were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2011 or 2010. Valuation adjustments of $340,000 and $769,000 on previously impaired notes were credited to impairment charges during the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
      Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures — Investments in joint ventures in which we have ownership interests ranging from 14.4% to 71.74% are accounted for under the equity method of accounting by recording the initial investment and our percentage of interest in the joint venture’s net income (loss). We review the investment in our unconsolidated joint ventures for impairment in each reporting period pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. The investment is impaired when its estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount of our investment. Any impairment is recorded in equity earnings (loss) in unconsolidated joint venture. No such impairment was recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010. The equity accounting method is employed for our investment in the PIM Highland JV due to the fact that we do not control the joint venture. Although we have the majority ownership of 71.74% in the joint venture, all the major decisions related to the joint venture, including establishment of policies and operating procedures with respect to business affairs, incurring obligations, and expending amounts, are subject to the approval of an executive committee, which is comprised of four persons with us and our joint venture partner each designating two of those persons. Our investment in PIM Highland JV had a carrying value of $193.1 million at March 31, 2011, which was based on our share of PIM Highland JV’s equity. As discussed further in Note 6, the PIM Highland JV is in the process of finalizing their purchase price allocation. Therefore, our share of the PIM Highland JV’s equity has been based on the preliminary purchase price allocation.
      Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations — We classify assets as held for sale when management has obtained a firm commitment from a buyer, and consummation of the sale is considered probable and expected within one year. In addition, we deconsolidate a property when it becomes subject to the control of a government, court, administrator or regulator and we effectively lose control of the property/subsidiary. When deconsolidating a property/subsidiary, we recognize a gain or loss in net income measured as the difference between the fair value of any consideration received, the fair value of any retained noncontrolling investment in the former subsidiary at the date the subsidiary is deconsolidated, and the carrying amount of the former property/subsidiary. The related operations of assets held for sale are reported as discontinued if a) such operations and cash flows can be clearly distinguished, both operationally and financially, from our ongoing operations, b) such operations and cash flows will be eliminated from ongoing operations once the disposal occurs, and c) we will not have any significant continuing involvement subsequent to the disposal.
     During the three months ended March 31, 2011, we completed the sale of three hotel properties that were reclassified as assets held for sale at December 31, 2010, and recorded a net gain of $2.8 million.
      Revenue Recognition — Hotel revenues, including room, food, beverage, and ancillary revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry, and space rentals, are recognized when services have been rendered. Rental income represents income from leasing hotel properties to third-party tenants on triple-net operating leases. Base rent on the triple-net lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and variable rent is recognized when earned. Interest income, representing interest on the mezzanine and first mortgage loan portfolio (including accretion of discounts on certain loans using the effective interest method), is recognized when earned. We discontinue recording interest and amortizing discounts/premiums when the contractual payment of interest and/or principal is not received. Asset management fees are recognized when services are rendered. Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue. For the hotel leased to a third party, we report deposits into our escrow accounts for capital expenditure reserves as income.
      Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedges — We primarily use interest rate derivatives in order to capitalize on the historical correlation between changes in LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) and RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room). The interest rate derivatives include swaps, caps, floors, flooridors and corridors. All derivatives are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value in accordance with the applicable authoritative accounting

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
guidance and reported as “Interest rate derivatives.” Accrued interest on the non-hedge designated derivatives is included in “Accounts receivable, net” on the consolidated balance sheets. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value is reported as a component of “Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)” (“OCI”) in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets. The amount recorded in OCI is reclassified to interest expense in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings, while the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings as “Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives” in the consolidated statements of operations. For derivatives that are not designated as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value are recognized in earnings as “Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives” in the consolidated statements of operations. We assess the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in fair value or cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument with the changes in fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. Derivatives subject to master netting arrangements are reported net in the consolidated balance sheets.
      Recently Adopted Accounting Standards — In December 2010, FASB issued an accounting standard update to require a public entity to disclose pro forma information for business combinations that occurred in the current reporting period. The disclosures include pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the current reporting period as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the year had been as of the beginning of the annual reporting period. If comparative financial statements are presented, the pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the comparable prior reporting period should be reported as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the current year had been as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period. The new disclosures are effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The pro forma disclosures related to our acquisition of the 28-hotel portfolio through the PIM Highland JV in Note 16 are made in accordance with the new requirements. The adoption did not have an impact on our financial position and results of operations.
      Reclassifications — Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2010 have been reclassified for discontinued operations. These reclassifications have no effect on the results of operations or financial position previously reported.
3. Summary of Significant Transactions
      Acquisition of Hotel Properties Securing Mezzanine Loans Held in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures — In July 2010, as a strategic complement to our existing joint venture with Prudential Real Estate Investors (“PREI”) formed in 2008, we contributed $15.0 million for an ownership interest in a new joint venture with PREI. The new joint venture acquired a portion of the tranche 4 mezzanine loan associated with JER Partners’ 2007 privatization of the JER/Highland Hospitality portfolio (the “Highland Portfolio”). The mezzanine loan was secured by the same 28 hotel properties as our then existing joint venture investment in the tranche 6 mezzanine loan. Both of these mezzanine loans were in default since August 2010. After negotiating with the borrowers, senior secured lenders and senior mezzanine lenders for a restructuring, we, through another new joint venture, the PIM Highland JV, with PRISA III Investments, LLC (“PRISA III”) (an affiliate of PREI), invested $150.0 million and PRISA III invested $50.0 million of new capital to acquire the 28 high quality full and select service hotel properties comprising the Highland Portfolio on March 10, 2011. We and PRISA III have ownership interests of 71.74% and 28.26%, respectively, in the new joint venture. In addition to the common equity splits, we and PRISA III each have a $25.0 million preferred equity interest earning an accrued but unpaid 15% return with priority over common equity distributions. Our investment in the PIM Highland JV is accounted for using the equity method and the carrying value was $193.1 million at March 31, 2011. The PIM Highland JV recognized a gain of $75.4 million at acquisition, of which our share was $43.2 million, based on the preliminary assessment of the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a preliminary basis using estimated fair value information currently available. The allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities will be finalized as soon as practicable upon completion of the analysis of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which could result in adjustments to the gain recognized based on the preliminary assessment. See Note 6.
      Litigation Settlement — In March 2010, we entered into a Consent and Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells”) to resolve potential disputes and claims between us and Wells

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
relating to our purchase of a participation interest in certain mezzanine loans. Wells denied the allegations in our complaint and further denies any liability for the claims asserted by us; however, the Settlement Agreement was entered into to resolve our claims against Wells and to secure Wells’ consent to our participation in the Highland Hospitality Portfolio restructuring. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, Wells has agreed to pay us $30.0 million over the next five years, or earlier, if certain conditions are satisfied. As part of the Settlement Agreement, we and Wells have agreed to a mutual release of claims. We expect that the settlement amount will likely be paid within the next 12 months. We recorded a receivable of $30.0 million and accrued legal costs of $5.5 million for the settlement. Of the total settlement amount, $30.0 million was recorded as “Other income” and the associated legal costs of $5.5 million were recorded as “Corporate general and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statements of operations.
      Acquisition of Condominium Properties — In March 2011, we acquired real estate and certain other rights in connection with the acquisition of the WorldQuest Resort, a condominium hotel project. More specifically, we acquired 96 condominium units, hotel amenities land and improvements, developable raw land, developer rights and Rental Management Agreements (“RMA’s”) with third party owners of condominium units in the project. Units owned by third parties with RMA’s and 62 of the 96 units we acquired participate in a rental pool program whereby the units are leased to guests similar to a hotel operation. Under the terms of the RMA’s, we share in a percentage of the guest room revenues and are reimbursed for certain costs. The remaining 34 units that we own are currently being finished out and will be added to the rental pool when completed. All of these units are included in “Investment in hotel properties, net” in the consolidated balance sheet.
      Resumption of Common Dividends — In February 2011, the Board of Directors accepted management’s recommendation to resume paying cash dividends on our outstanding shares of common stock with an annualized target of $0.40 per share for 2011. The dividend of $0.10 for the first quarter of 2011 was paid in April 2011, and subsequent payments will be reviewed on a quarterly basis.
      Completion of Sales of Hotel Properties — In the three months ended March 2011, we completed the sale of the three hotel properties which were classified as assets held for sale at December 31, 2010, the JW Marriott hotel in San Francisco, California, the Hilton hotel in Rye Town, New York and the Hampton Inn hotel in Houston, Texas. We received net proceeds of $93.7 million (net of repayments of related mortgage debt of $50.2 million). We used the net proceeds to reduce $70.0 million of the borrowings on our senior credit facility.
      Sale of Additional Shares of Our Common Stock — In January 2011, an underwriter purchased 300,000 shares of our common stock through the partial exercise of the underwriter’s 1.125 million share over-allotment option in connection with the issuance of 7.5 million shares of common stock completed in December 2010, and we received net proceeds of $2.8 million.
4. Investments in Hotel Properties
     Investments in hotel properties consisted of the following (in thousands):
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2011     2010  
Land
  $ 488,901     $ 488,901  
Buildings and improvements
    2,778,135       2,774,822  
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
    394,386       383,860  
Construction in progress
    2,664       4,473  
Condominium properties
    12,359        
 
           
Total cost
    3,676,445       3,652,056  
Accumulated depreciation
    (658,784 )     (628,320 )
 
           
Investment in hotel properties, net
  $ 3,017,661     $ 3,023,736  
 
           
     In March 2011, we acquired real estate and certain other rights in connection with the acquisition of the WorldQuest Resort, a condominium hotel project. More specifically, we acquired 96 condominium units, hotel amenities land and improvements, developable raw land, developer rights and Rental Management Agreements (“RMA’s”) with third party owners of condominium units in the project. Units owned by third parties with RMA’s and

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
62 of the 96 units we acquired participate in a rental pool program whereby the units are leased to guests similar to a hotel operation. Under the terms of the RMA’s, we share in a percentage of the guest room revenues and are reimbursed for certain costs. The remaining 34 units that we own are currently being finished out and will be added to the rental pool when completed. All of these units are included in “Investment in hotel properties, net” in the consolidated balance sheet.
5. Notes Receivable
     We had two mezzanine loans at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. One mezzanine loan that is secured by a 105 hotel property portfolio has an unpaid principal balance of $25.7 million and an interest rate of LIBOR plus 5%, and is scheduled to mature in April 2011. In December 2010, we evaluated the collectability of this mezzanine loan and weighted different probabilities of outcome from full repayment at maturity to a foreclosure by the senior lender. Based on the analysis, we recorded a valuation allowance of $7.8 million. At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, this mezzanine loan had a net carrying value of $17.9 million. No interest income was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2011. Interest payments received on this loan since December 31, 2010 have been recorded as a credit to impairment charges.
     The other mezzanine loan secured by one hotel property that had an original principal balance of $38.0 million was restructured in 2010 with a cash payment of $20.2 million and a $4.0 million note receivable which matures in June 2017 with an interest rate of 6.09%. At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, this mezzanine loan had a net carrying value of $3.0 million.
     Both of these loans were current at March 31, 2011. However, payments on these loans totaling $313,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2011 have been treated as a reduction of carrying values, and the valuation allowance adjustments have been recorded as credits to impairment charges in accordance with applicable accounting guidance. The average investment in impairment loans for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010 was $20.9 million and $12.9 million, respectively.
     From time to time, in evaluating possible loan impairments, we analyze our notes receivable individually and collectively for possible loan losses in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. The terms of our notes or participations are structured based on the different features of the related collateral and the priority in the borrower’s capital structure. Based on the analysis, if we conclude that no loans are individually impaired, we then further analyze the specific characteristics of the loans, based on other authoritative guidance to determine if there would be probable losses in a group of loans with similar characteristics.
6. Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
     As discussed in Note 3, we acquired a 71.74% ownership interest in the PIM Highland JV and a $25.0 million preferred equity interest earning an accrued but unpaid 15% return with priority over common equity distributions. Although we have the majority ownership interest and can exercise significant influence over the joint venture, we do not have control of the joint venture’s operations. All the major decisions related to the joint venture, including establishment of policies and operating procedures with respect to business affairs, incurring obligations, and expending amounts, are subject to the approval of an executive committee, which is comprised of four persons with us and our joint venture partner each designating two of those persons. As a result, our investment in the joint venture is accounted for using the equity method, which had a carrying value of $193.1 million at March 31, 2011.
     The 28-hotel property portfolio acquired and the indebtedness assumed by the joint venture had preliminary fair values of approximately $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, at the date of acquisition based on third-party appraisals (after a paydown of $170.0 million of related debt). Cash, receivables, other assets acquired and other liabilities assumed had a net value of approximately $291.1 million at the date of acquisition. The joint venture repaid $170.0 million of the debt assumed at acquisition. The purchase price was the result of arms-length negotiations. The PIM Highland JV recognized a gain of $75.4 million at acquisition, of which our share was $43.2 million, based on the preliminary assessment of the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a preliminary basis using estimated fair value information currently available. The joint venture is in the process of evaluating the values assigned to investments in hotel

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
properties, ground leases for above/below market rents, management contracts with non-affiliated managers, other intangibles and property level balances that have been transferred on to the joint venture’s balance sheet. Thus, the balances reflected below are subject to change and could result in adjustments to the gain recorded on a preliminary basis. Any change in valuation of the PIM Highland JV’s preliminary investments in hotel properties will also impact the depreciation and amortization expense and the resulting gain included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint venture on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
     The following tables summarize the balance sheet as of March 31, 2011 and the statement of operations for the period from March 10, 2011 through March 31, 2011 of the PIM Highland JV (in thousands):
PIM Highland JV
Consolidated Balance Sheet
March 31, 2011
         
Assets
       
Investments in hotel properties, net
  $ 1,275,768  
Cash and cash equivalents
    21,499  
Restricted cash
    57,530  
Accounts receivable
    21,044  
Inventories
    1,594  
Deferred costs, net
    14,125  
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    6,251  
Interest rate derivatives
    1,501  
Due from affiliates
    1,444  
Due from third-party hotel managers
    12,785  
 
     
Total assets
  $ 1,413,541  
 
     
 
       
Liabilities and partners’ capital
       
Liabilities:
       
Indebtedness and capital leases
  $ 1,097,248  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    31,483  
Due to third-party hotel managers
    457  
 
     
Total liabilities
    1,129,188  
Partners’ capital
    284,353  
 
     
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 1,413,541  
 
     
Our ownership interest in PIM Highland JV
  $ 193,125  
 
     

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
PIM Highland JV
Consolidated Statement of Operations
For the Period from March 10, 2011 through March 31, 2011
         
Revenue
       
Rooms
  $ 16,439  
Food and beverage
    6,122  
Other
    918  
 
     
Total revenue
    23,479  
 
     
Expenses
       
Rooms
    3,594  
Food and beverage
    3,960  
Other expenses
    6,540  
Management fees
    764  
Property taxes, insurance and other
    1,305  
Depreciation and amortization
    5,850  
Transaction acquisition costs
    17,616  
General and administrative
    172  
 
     
Total expenses
    39,801  
 
     
Operating loss
    (16,322 )
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
    (3,868 )
Gain recognized at acquisition
    75,372  
Unrealized loss on derivatives
    (590 )
Income tax expense
    (239 )
 
     
Net income
  $ 54,353  
 
     
Our equity in earnings recorded
  $ 28,124  
 
     
     Additionally, as of March 31, 2011, we had an 18% subordinated interest in a joint venture that holds the Sheraton hotel property in Dallas, Texas, (which was sold after the quarter-end), and a 14.4% subordinated beneficial interest in a trust that holds the Four Seasons hotel property in Nevis. Both of these joint ventures have zero carrying values at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
7. Asset Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
     In the quarter ended March 31, 2011, we completed the sales of the JW Marriott San Francisco in California, the Hilton Rye Town in New York and the Hampton Inn Houston in Texas. The operating results of these hotel properties are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. For the three months ended March 31, 2010, operating results of discontinued operations also include those of the Hilton Suites Auburn Hills in Michigan that was sold in June 2010, and the Westin O’Hare in Illinois that was transferred to the lender through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure in September 2010. The following table summarizes the operating results of the discontinued hotel properties (in thousands):
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,        
    2011     2010  
Hotel revenue
  $ 8,726     $ 17,809  
Hotel operating expenses
    (7,065 )     (15,057 )
 
           
Operating income
    1,661       2,752  
Property taxes, insurance and other
    (625 )     (1,919 )
Depreciation and amortization
          (3,168 )
Gain on disposal of properties
    2,802        
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
    (687 )     (2,499 )
Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees
    (948 )      
 
           
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income tax expense
    2,203       (4,834 )
Income tax (expense) benefit
    (85 )     57  
(Income) loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint venture
    (1,023 )     (37 )
(Income) loss from discontinued operations attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (135 )     741  
 
           
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Company
  $ 960     $ (4,073 )
 
           

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
8. Indebtedness
     Indebtedness of our continuing operations consisted of the following (in thousands):
                             
                March 31,     December 31,  
Indebtedness   Collateral   Maturity   Interest Rate   2011     2010  
Mortgage loan
  1 hotel   January 2011 (1)   8.32%   $ 5,775     $ 5,775  
Mortgage loan
  5 hotels   December 2011   LIBOR (2) + 1.72%     203,400       203,400  
Senior credit facility
  Notes receivable   April 2012   LIBOR (2) + 2.75% to 3.5% (3)     45,000       115,000  
Mortgage loan
  10 hotels   May 2011 (4)   LIBOR (2) + 1.65%     167,202       167,202  
Mortgage loan
  2 hotels   August 2013   LIBOR (2) + 2.75%     148,958       150,383  
Mortgage loan
  1 hotel   December 2014   Greater of 5.5% or LIBOR (2) + 3.5%     19,740       19,740  
Mortgage loan
  8 hotels   December 2014   5.75%     108,410       108,940  
Mortgage loan
  10 hotels   July 2015   5.22%     158,443       159,001  
Mortgage loan
  8 hotels   December 2015   5.70%     100,119       100,576  
Mortgage loan
  5 hotels   December 2015   12.26%     148,753       148,013  
Mortgage loan
  5 hotels   February 2016   5.53%     114,242       114,629  
Mortgage loan
  5 hotels   February 2016   5.53%     94,742       95,062  
Mortgage loan
  5 hotels   February 2016   5.53%     82,067       82,345  
Mortgage loan
  1 hotel   April 2017   5.91%     35,000       35,000  
Mortgage loan
  2 hotels   April 2017   5.95%     128,251       128,251  
Mortgage loan
  3 hotels   April 2017   5.95%     260,980       260,980  
Mortgage loan
  5 hotels   April 2017   5.95%     115,600       115,600  
Mortgage loan
  5 hotels   April 2017   5.95%     103,906       103,906  
Mortgage loan
  5 hotels   April 2017   5.95%     158,105       158,105  
Mortgage loan
  7 hotels   April 2017   5.95%     126,466       126,466  
TIF loan
  1 hotel   June 2018   12.85%     8,098       8,098  
Mortgage loan
  1 hotel   November 2020   6.26%     104,600       104,901  
Mortgage loan
  1 hotel   April 2034   Greater of 6% or Prime + 1%     6,753       6,791  
 
                       
Total indebtedness
              $ 2,444,610     $ 2,518,164  
 
                       
 
(1)   We obtained a three-year extension on this loan to May 2014 in May 2011.
 
(2)   LIBOR rates were 0.24% and 0.26% at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
 
(3)   Based on the debt-to-assets ratio defined in the loan agreement, interest rate on this debt was LIBOR + 3% at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
 
(4)   The remaining one-year extension option as of March 31, 2011 has been exercised.
     In March 2010, we elected to stop making payments on the $5.8 million mortgage note payable maturing January 2011, secured by a hotel property in Manchester, Connecticut. After negotiating with the special servicer, in May 2011, we obtained a three-year extension on this loan to May 2014. We paid $1.0 million at closing including a 1.25% extension fee, the principal and interest through May 1, 2011 to bring the loan current and certain deposits pursuant to the modification agreement.
     We are required to maintain certain financial ratios under various debt, preferred equity and derivative agreements. If we violate covenants in any debt or derivative agreement, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Violations of certain debt covenants may result in us being unable to borrow unused amounts under a line of credit, even if repayment of some or all borrowings is not required. The assets of certain of our subsidiaries are pledged under non-recourse indebtedness and are not available to satisfy the debts and other obligations of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. or our operating partnership, Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership and the liabilities of such subsidiaries do not constitute the obligations of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. or Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership. Presently, our existing financial debt covenants primarily relate to maintaining minimum debt coverage ratios, maintaining an overall minimum net worth, maintaining a maximum loan to value ratio, and maintaining an overall minimum total assets. As of March 31, 2011, we were in compliance with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt and derivative agreements as amended. There were no requirements to submit our covenant calculations related to our Series B-1 convertible preferred stock as all the outstanding shares were redeemed or converted to common stock on May 3, 2011. See Note 17.

16


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
9. Income (Loss) Per Share
     Basic income/loss per common share is calculated using the two-class method by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income/loss per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares, whereby such exercise or conversion would result in lower income per share. The following table reconciles the amounts used in calculating basic and diluted income per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2011     2010  
Income (loss) attributable to common shareholders — Basic:
               
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to the Company
  $ 36,873     $ 9,208  
Less: Dividends on preferred stocks
    (6,555 )     (4,830 )
Less: Dividends on common stock
    (5,830 )      
Less: Dividends on unvested restricted shares
    (110 )      
Less: Income from continuing operations allocated to unvested shares
    (454 )     (152 )
 
           
Undistributed income from continuing operations allocated to common shareholders
  $ 23,924     $ 4,226  
 
           
 
               
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to the Company
  $ 960     $ (4,073 )
Less: (Income) loss from discontinued operations allocated to unvested shares
    (18 )     141  
 
           
Undistributed income (loss) from discontinued operations allocated to common shareholders
  $ 942     $ (3,932 )
 
           
 
               
Income (loss) attributable to common shareholders — Diluted:
               
Income from continuing operations distributed to common shareholders
  $ 5,830     $  
Undistributed income from continuing operations allocated to common shareholders
    23,924       4,226  
 
           
Total distributed and undistributed income from continuing operations — basic
    29,754       4,226  
Add back: Income allocated to Series B-1 convertible preferred stock
    1,024        
Add back: Income allocated to operating partnership units
    4,983        
Add back: Difference in income allocated to unvested shares
    124        
 
           
Income from continuing operations allocated to common shareholders — diluted
  $ 35,885     $ 4,226  
 
           
Undistributed income (loss) from discontinued operations allocated to common shareholders
  $ 942     $ (4,073 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations allocated to unvested shares
    18        
 
           
Income (loss) from discontinued operations allocated to common shareholders
    960       (4,073 )
Add back: Income from discontinued operations allocated to operating partnership units
    134        
Add back: Income allocated to unvested shares
    (13 )      
 
           
Income from discontinued operations allocated to common shareholders
  $ 1,081     $ (4,073 )
 
           
Total distributed and undistributed net income allocated to common shareholders
  $ 36,966     $ 153  
 
           
Weighted average common shares outstanding
    57,931       53,073  
Effect of assumed conversion of Series B-1 convertible preferred stock
    7,248        
Effect of assumed conversion of operating partnership units
    14,151        
 
           
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding
    79,330       53,073  
 
           
 
               
Basic income (loss) per share:
               
Income from continuing operations allocated to common shareholders per share
  $ 0.51     $ 0.08  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations allocated to common shareholders per share
    0.02       (0.07 )
 
           
Net income (loss) allocated to common shareholders per share
  $ 0.53     $ 0.01  
 
           
 
               
Diluted income (loss) per share:
               
Income from continuing operations allocated to common shareholders per share
  $ 0.45     $ 0.08  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations allocated to common shareholders per share
    0.01       (0.07 )
 
           
Net income (loss) allocated to common shareholders per share
  $ 0.46     $ 0.01  
 
           

17


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     Due to the anti-dilutive effect, the computation of diluted income (loss) per diluted share does not reflect the adjustments for the following items (in thousands):
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2011     2010  
Income (loss) from continuing operations allocated to common shareholders is not adjusted for:
               
Dividends to Series B-1 convertible preferred stock
  $     $ 1,042  
Income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership units
          1,533  
 
           
Total
  $     $ 2,575  
 
           
 
               
Income (loss) from discontinued operations allocated to common shareholders is not adjusted for:
               
Loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership units
  $     $ (741 )
 
           
 
               
Weighted average diluted shares are not adjusted for:
               
Effect of assumed conversion of Series B-1 convertible preferred stock
          7,448  
Effect of assumed conversion of operating partnership units
          14,370  
 
           
Total
          21,818  
 
           
10. Derivatives and Hedging Activities
     We are exposed to risks arising from our business operations, economic conditions and financial markets. To manage the risks, we primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our debt as a way to potentially improve cash flows. We also use non-hedge derivatives to capitalize on the historical correlation between changes in LIBOR and RevPAR. To mitigate the nonperformance risk, we routinely rely on a third party’s analysis of the creditworthiness of the counterparties, which supports our belief that the counterparties’ nonperformance risk is limited. All derivatives are recorded at fair value. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts/payments and the discounted expected variable cash payments/receipts. The fair values of interest rate caps, floors, flooridors and corridors are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates fell below the strike rates of the floors or rise above the strike rates of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts and payments on the swaps, caps, and floors are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves (LIBOR forward curves) and volatilities (the “Level 2” inputs that are observable at commonly quoted intervals, other than quoted prices). We also incorporate credit valuation adjustments (the “Level 3” inputs that are unobservable and typically based on our own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity) to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterparty’s non-performance risk in the fair value measurements.
     We have determined that when a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, when the valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counter-parties, which we consider significant (10% or more) to the overall valuation of our derivatives, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Transfers of inputs between levels are determined at the end of each reporting period. In determining the fair values of our derivatives at March 31, 2011, the LIBOR interest rate forward curve (the Level 2 inputs) assumed an uptrend from 0.26% to 1.97% for the remaining term of our derivatives. The credit spreads (the Level 3 inputs) used in determining the fair values assumed a downtrend in nonperformance risk for us and an uptrend for most of our counterparties.

18


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level within which measurements fall in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
                                                 
    March 31, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    Level 2     Level 3     Total     Level 2     Level 3     Total  
Assets
                                               
Non-hedge derivatives:
                                               
Interest rate swap
  $ 65,789     $     $ 65,789     $ 74,283     $     $ 74,283  
Interest rate cap
                                   
Interest rate flooridor
    28,336             28,336       37,532             37,532  
Hedge derivatives:
                                               
Interest rate cap
                      3             3  
 
                                   
Subtotal
    94,125             94,125       111,818             111,818  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Liabilities
                                               
Non-hedge derivatives:
                                               
Interest rate floor
    (4,067 )           (4,067 )     (4,951 )           (4,951 )
 
                                   
Subtotal
    (4,067 )           (4,067 )     (4,951 )           (4,951 )
 
                                   
Net
  $ 90,058     $     $ 90,058     $ 106,867     $     $ 106,867  
 
                                   
     The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the derivatives that were measured using Level 3 inputs is as follows (in thousands):
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2011     2010  
Balance at beginning of period
  $     $ (17,972 )
Total unrealized loss included in earnings
          (2,042 )
Assets transferred out of Level 3 still held at the reporting date (1)
          20,014  
 
           
Balance at end of period
  $     $  
 
           
 
(1)   Transferred in/out of Level 3 because the unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value at end of period were more/less than 10% of the total valuation of these derivatives.

19


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     The fair value of our non-hedge designated interest rate derivatives as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, and the effects of these derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and March 31, 2010 were as follows ($ in thousands):
                                                                         
                                                            Interest Savings  
                                            Gain or (Loss)     or (Cost)  
                            Fair Value     Recognized in Income     Recognized in Income  
                            Assets (Liabilities)     Three Months Ended     Three Months Ended  
    Notional                     March 31,     December 31,     March 31,     March 31,  
Derivative Type   Amount     Strike Rate     Maturity     2011     2010     2011     2010     2011     2010  
Interest rate cap
  $ 1,000,000       3.75 %     2011     $     $     $     $ (244 )   $     $  
Interest rate swap
  $ 1,800,000     Pays LIBOR plus 2.638%, receives 5.84%     2013       82,385       95,081       (12,696 )     12,860       13,234       13,364  
Interest rate swap
  $ 1,475,000     Pays 4.084%, receives LIBOR plus 2.638%     2013       (16,775 )     (20,922 )     4,147             (4,369 )      
Interest rate swap
  $ 325,000     Pays 4.114%, receives LIBOR plus 2.638%     2013       179       124       56             (183 )      
Interest rate floor
  $ 1,475,000       1.25 %     2013 (1)                       (1,673 )           (3,753 )
Interest rate floor
  $ 325,000       1.25 %     2013       (4,067 )     (4,951 )     883       (369 )     (804 )     (827 )
Interest rate flooridor
  $ 3,600,000       1.25% — 0.75 %     2010                   (9,196 )     (2,420 )           4,500  
Interest rate flooridor
  $ 1,800,000       1.75% — 1.25 %     2010                         (1,638 )           2,250  
Interest rate flooridor
  $ 1,800,000       2.75% — 0.50 %     2011       28,336       37,532             7,419       10,125        
 
                                                           
Total
                          $ 90,058 (2)   $ 106,864 (2)   $ (16,806 ) (3)   $ 13,935 (3)   $ 18,003 (4)   $ 15,534 (4)
 
                                                           
 
(1)   This interest rate floor was terminated in October 2010, and replaced by the 4.084%, $1,475,000 notional amount interest rate swap.
 
(2)   Reported as “Interest rate derivatives” in the consolidated balance sheets.
 
(3)   Reported as “Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives” in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
(4)   Reported as “Other income” in the consolidated statements of operations.
     The fair value of our hedge-designated interest rate derivatives as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, and the effects of these derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010 were as follows ($ in thousands):
                                                                                         
                                                                            Gain (Loss)  
                                                            Reclassified from     Recognized in  
                                            Income (Loss)     Accumulated OCI     in Income for  
                                            Recognized in OCI     into Interest Expense     Ineffective Portion  
                            Fair Value of Asset     Three Months Ended     Three Months Ended     Three Months Ended  
    Notional     Strike             March 31,     December 31,     March 31,     March 31,     March 31,  
Derivative Type   Amount     Rates     Maturity     2011     2010     2011     2010     2011     2010     2011     2010  
Interest rate cap
  $ 160,000       5.00 %     2010     $     $     $     $ 80     $     $ 76     $     $ (4 )
Interest rate cap
  $ 160,000       5.00 %     2011                   141       (53 )     141                   (23 )
Interest rate cap
  $ 55,000       5.00 %     2010                         18             18              
Interest rate cap
  $ 55,000       5.00 %     2011                   21       (6 )     12             (9 )      
Interest rate cap
  $ 60,800       4.81 %     2012             2             (77 )           1       (2 )      
Interest rate cap
  $ 203,400       4.50 %     2010                         (7 )                        
Interest rate cap
  $ 203,400       6.25 %     2011             1       (1 )                              
Interest rate cap
  $ 167,212       6.00 %     2010                         14             14              
Interest rate cap
  $ 167,212       4.75 %     2011                   24             24                    
Interest rate corridor
  $ 130,000       4.6%-6.0 %     2010                         2             2              
Interest rate cap
  $ 19,740       4.00 %     2012                   9       (30 )     9                    
 
                                                                       
Total
                          $     $ 3 (1)   $ 194     $ (59 )   $ 186     $ 111     $ (11 ) (2)   $ (27 ) (2)
 
                                                                       
 
(1)   Included in “Interest rate derivatives” in the consolidated balance sheets.
 
(2)   Included in “Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives” in the consolidated statements of operations.
     During the next twelve months, we expect $416,000 of accumulated comprehensive loss related to the interest rate derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense.
     We have derivative agreements that incorporate the loan covenant provisions of our senior credit facility requiring us to maintain certain minimum financial covenant ratios on our indebtedness. Failure to comply with the covenant provisions would result in us being in default on any derivative instrument obligations covered by the agreement. At

20


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
March 31, 2011, we were in compliance with all the covenants under the senior credit facility and the fair value of derivatives related to this agreement was an asset of $61.7 million.
11. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
     Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership represents the limited partners’ proportionate share of equity in earnings/losses of the operating partnership, which is an allocation of net income/loss attributable to the common unit holders based on the weighted average ownership percentage of these limited partners’ common units and the units issued under our Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP units”) that are vested throughout the period plus distributions paid to these limited partners with regard to the Class B units. Class B common units have a fixed dividend rate of 7.2%, and have priority in payment of cash dividends over common units but otherwise have no preference over common units. Aside from the Class B units, all other outstanding units represent common units. Beginning one year after issuance, each common unit of limited partnership interest (including each Class B common unit) may be redeemed for either cash or, at Ashford’s sole discretion, one share of Ashford’s common stock. The Class B common units are convertible at the option of Ashford or the holder, into an equivalent number of common units at any time after July 13, 2016.
     Beginning in 2008, we started issuing LTIP units to certain executives and employees as compensation. These units have vesting periods ranging from three to four and one-half years. Upon vesting, each LTIP unit can be converted by the holder into one common partnership unit of the operating partnership which then can be redeemed for cash or, at Ashford’s election, settled in Ashford’s common stock. Since 2008, we have issued 2.2 million LTIP units. As of March 31, 2011, all the LTIP units issued prior to that date had reached full economic parity with the common units. All the LTIP units issued on or before March 31, 2011 had an aggregate value of $14.3 million at the date of grant which is being amortized over the vesting period. Compensation expense of $855,000 and $297,000 was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The unamortized value of the LTIP units was $8.6 million at March 31, 2011, and that amount is being amortized over periods from 0.4 year to 5 years.
     During the three months ended March 31, 2011, 100,000 operating partnership units with a fair value of $1.0 million presented for redemption were converted to common shares at our election.
     Redeemable noncontrolling interests in our operating partnership as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 were $143.0 million and $126.7 million, which represented ownership of 17.7% and 17.5% in our operating partnership, respectively. The carrying value of redeemable noncontrolling interests as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 included adjustments of $84.4 million and $72.3 million, respectively, to reflect the excess of redemption value over the accumulated historical costs. We allocated net income of $5.1 million and $792,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and March 31, 2010, respectively, to these redeemable noncontrolling interests. During the three months ended March 31, 2011, we declared cash distributions totaling $1.8 million with respect to the operating units. This distribution was recorded as a reduction of redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership. No distributions were declared for the three months ended March 31, 2010.
12. Equity and Equity-Based Compensation
      Sale of Additional Shares of Our Common Stock — In January 2011, an underwriter purchased 300,000 shares of our common stock through the partial exercise of the underwriter’s 1.125 million share over-allotment option in connection with the issuance of 7.5 million shares of common stock completed in December 2010, and we received net proceeds of $2.8 million.
      Resumption of Common Dividends — In February 2011, the Board of Directors accepted management’s recommendation to resume paying cash dividends on our outstanding shares of common stock with an annualized target of $0.40 per share for 2011. The dividend of $0.10 for the first quarter of 2011 was paid in April, 2011, and subsequent payments will be reviewed on a quarterly basis.
      Stock-Based Compensation — During the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, we recognized compensation expense of $959,000 and $877,000, respectively, related to our equity-based compensation plan. As of

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
March 31, 2011, the unamortized amount of the unvested shares of restricted equity was $3.0 million and is being amortized over periods from 0.4 year to 4.0 years.
      Preferred Dividends — During the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, the Board of Directors declared dividends of $0.5344 per share for our 8.55% Series A preferred stock, or $795,000, and $0.5281 per share for our 8.45% Series D preferred stock, or $4.7 million.
      Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Joint Ventures — Noncontrolling joint venture partners have ownership interests ranging from 11% to 25% in five hotel properties with a total carrying value of $14.9 million and $16.7 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, and are reported in equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures were allocated an income of $931,000 and a loss of $701,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
13. Commitments and Contingencies
      Restricted Cash — Under certain management and debt agreements for our hotel properties existing at March 31, 2011, we escrow payments required for insurance, real estate taxes, and debt service. In addition, for certain properties based on the terms of the underlying debt and management agreements, we escrow 4% to 6% of gross revenues for capital improvements.
      Franchise Fees — Under franchise agreements for our hotel properties existing at March 31, 2011, we pay franchisor royalty fees between 2.5% and 7.3% of gross room revenue and, in some cases, food and beverage revenues. Additionally, we pay fees for marketing, reservations, and other related activities aggregating between 1% and 3.75% of gross room revenue and, in some cases, food and beverage revenues. These franchise agreements expire on varying dates between 2011 and 2031. When a franchise term expires, the franchisor has no obligation to renew the franchise. A franchise termination could have a material adverse effect on the operations or the underlying value of the affected hotel due to loss of associated name recognition, marketing support, and centralized reservation systems provided by the franchisor. A franchise termination could also have a material adverse effect on cash available for distribution to shareholders. In addition, if we breach the franchise agreement and the franchisor terminates a franchise prior to its expiration date, we may be liable for up to three times the average annual fees incurred for that property.
     Our continuing operations incurred franchise fees of $6.7 million and $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, which are included in other expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
      Management Fees — Under management agreements for our hotel properties existing at March 31, 2011, we pay a) monthly property management fees equal to the greater of $10,000 (CPI adjusted since 2003) or 3% of gross revenues, or in some cases 2% to 8.5% of gross revenues, as well as annual incentive management fees, if applicable, b) market service fees on approved capital improvements, including project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, for certain hotels, and c) other general fees at current market rates as approved by our independent directors, if required. These management agreements expire from 2012 through 2032, with renewal options. If we terminate a management agreement prior to its expiration, we may be liable for estimated management fees through the remaining term, liquidated damages or, in certain circumstances, we may substitute a new management agreement.
      Taxes We and our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the federal jurisdiction and various states. Tax years 2007 through 2010 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities. In 2010, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audited one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries that leases two of our hotel properties for the tax year ended December 31, 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the IRS issued a notice of proposed adjustment that reduced the amount of rent we charged to the taxable REIT subsidiary. We own a 75% interest in the hotel properties and the taxable REIT subsidiary at issue. We disagree with the IRS’ position and during the fourth quarter of 2010, we filed a written protest with the IRS and requested an IRS Appeals Office conference. In determining amounts payable by our TRS subsidiaries under our leases, we engaged a third party to prepare a transfer pricing study which concluded that the lease terms were consistent with arm’s length terms as required by applicable Treasury regulations. However, if the IRS were to prevail in its proposed adjustment, our taxable REIT subsidiary would owe approximately $1.1 million additional U.S. federal income taxes plus possible additional state income taxes of $68,000,

22


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
net of federal benefit. We anticipate that the IRS will grant the Appeals conference during third quarter of 2011. We believe we will prevail in the settlement of the audit and that the settlement will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In May 2011, the IRS notified us of their intent to examine the federal income tax return for this same TRS for the tax year ended December 31, 2008. During 2010, the Canadian taxing authorities selected our TRS subsidiary that leased our one Canadian hotel for audit for the tax years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009. The Canadian hotel was sold in June 2008 and the TRS ceased activity in Canada at that time. We believe that the results of the completion of this examination will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
     If we dispose of the four remaining properties contributed in connection with our initial public offering in 2003 in exchange for units of operating partnership, we may be obligated to indemnify the contributors, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, each of whom have substantial ownership interests, against the tax consequences of the sale. In addition, we agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain non-recourse mortgage indebtedness of at least $16.0 million, which allows contributors of the Las Vegas hotel property to defer gain recognition in connection with their contribution.
     Additionally, for certain periods of time, we are prohibited from selling or transferring the Marriott Crystal Gateway in Arlington, Virginia, if as a result, the entity from which we acquired the property would recognize gain for federal tax purposes.
     Further, in connection with our acquisition of certain properties on March 16, 2005 that were contributed in exchange for units of our operating partnership, we agreed to certain tax indemnities with respect to ten of these properties. If we dispose of these properties or reduce debt on these properties in a transaction that results in a taxable gain to the contributors, we may be obligated to indemnify the contributors or their specified assignees against the tax consequences of the transaction.
     In general, tax indemnities equal the federal, state, and local income tax liabilities the contributor or their specified assignee incurs with respect to the gain allocated to the contributor. The contribution agreements’ terms generally require us to gross up tax indemnity payments for the amount of income taxes due as a result of such tax indemnities.
      Potential Pension Liabilities — Certain employees at one of our hotel properties are unionized and covered by a multiemployer defined benefit pension plan. At acquisition of the hotel property in 2006, there were no unfunded pension liabilities. Although those workers are not our employees, the hotel manager of that hotel property may in the future de-unionize given their work rules. It is reasonably possible that we may incur additional cost for the unfunded pension liabilities should a de-unionizing occur. As of March 31, 2011, we have accrued $74,000 for the potential unfunded liabilities.
      Litigation — We are currently subject to litigation arising in the normal course of our business. In the opinion of management, none of these lawsuits or claims against us, either individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. In addition, management believes we have adequate insurance in place to cover any such significant litigation.
14. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
     The authoritative accounting guidance requires disclosures about the fair value of all financial instruments. Determining estimated fair values of our financial instruments requires considerable judgment to interpret market data. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold or settled.

23


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, for periods indicated, were as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    March 31, 2011   December 31, 2010
    Carrying   Estimated   Carrying   Estimated
    Value   Fair Value   Value   Fair Value
Financial assets:
                               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 92,411     $ 92,411     $ 217,690     $ 217,690  
Restricted cash
  $ 73,485     $ 73,485     $ 67,666     $ 67,666  
Accounts receivable
  $ 70,111     $ 70,111     $ 27,493     $ 27,493  
Notes receivable
  $ 20,897     $ 22,759 to $25,155     $ 20,870     $ 6,756 to $7,467  
Interest rate derivatives — cash flow hedges
  $     $     $ 3     $ 3  
Interest rate derivatives — non-cash flow hedges
  $ 90,058     $ 90,058     $ 106,864     $ 106,864  
Due from third-party hotel managers
  $ 50,571     $ 50,571     $ 49,135     $ 49,135  
 
                               
Financial liabilities:
                               
Indebtedness of continuing operations
  $ 2,444,610     $ 2,094,292 to $2,314,744     $ 2,518,164     $ 2,082,207 to $2,301,387  
Indebtedness of assets held for sale
  $     $     $ 50,619     $ 44,587 to $49,281  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
  $ 98,760     $ 98,760     $ 79,248     $ 79,248  
Dividends payable
  $ 14,269     $ 14,269     $ 7,281     $ 7,281  
Due to related parties
  $ 1,998     $ 1,998     $ 2,400     $ 2,400  
Due to third-party hotel managers
  $ 2,328     $ 2,328     $ 1,870     $ 1,870  
      Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. These financial assets bear interest at market rates and have maturities of less than 90 days. The carrying value approximates fair value due to the short-term nature.
      Accounts receivable, due to/from related parties or third-party hotel managers, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and dividends payable . The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
      Notes receivable. Fair value of the notes receivable may be determined by using similar loans with similar collateral. Since there is very little to no trading activity we had to rely on our internal analysis of what we believe a willing buyer would pay for these notes. We estimated the fair value of the notes receivable to be approximately 9% to 20% higher than the carrying value of $20.9 million at March 31, 2011, and approximately 64% to 68% lower than the carrying value of $20.9 million at December 31, 2010.
      Indebtedness. Fair value of the indebtedness is determined using future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates for these instruments. For variable rate instruments, cash flows are determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. The current replacement rates are determined by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied, and adjusted for the credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions, maturity and collateral. For the indebtedness valuation, we used estimated future cash flows discounted at applicable index forward curves adjusted for credit spreads. We estimated the fair value of the total indebtedness to be approximately 5% to 14% lower than the carrying value of $2.4 billion at March 31, 2011, and approximately 8% to 17% lower than the carrying value of $2.6 billion at December 31, 2010.
      Interest rate derivatives. Fair value of the interest rate derivatives are determined using the net present value of the expected cash flows of each derivative based on the market-based interest rate curve and adjusted for credit spreads of Ashford and the counterparties. See Note 10 for a complete description of the methodology and assumptions utilized in determining the fair values.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
15. Segment Reporting
     We operate in two business segments within the hotel lodging industry: direct hotel investments and hotel financing. Direct hotel investments refer to owning hotels through either acquisition or new development. We report operating results of direct hotel investments on an aggregate basis as substantially all of our hotel investments have similar economic characteristics and exhibit similar long-term financial performance. Hotel financing refers to owning subordinate hotel-related mortgages through acquisition or origination. We do not allocate corporate-level accounts to our operating segments, including corporate general and administrative expenses, non-operating interest income, interest expense and amortization of loan costs, and income tax expense/benefit. Financial information related to our reportable segments was as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    Direct Hotel     Hotel              
    Investments     Financing     Corporate     Consolidated  
Three Months Ended March 31, 2011:
                               
Total revenue
  $ 212,294     $     $     $ 212,294  
 
                       
Total hotel operating expenses
    138,033                   138,033  
Property taxes, insurance and other
    10,929                   10,929  
Depreciation and amortization
    32,973                   32,973  
Impairment charges
          (340 )           (340 )
Transaction acquisition costs
                (1,224 )     (1,224 )
Corporate general and administrative
                13,883       13,883  
 
                       
Total expenses
    181,935       (340 )     12,659       194,254  
 
                       
Operating income (loss)
    30,359       340       (12,659 )     18,040  
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures
    28,124                   28,124  
Interest income
                36       36  
Other income
    30,000             18,003       48,003  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
                (34,578 )     (34,578 )
Unrealized loss on derivatives
                (16,817 )     (16,817 )
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    88,483       340       (46,015 )     42,808  
Income taxes
                (1,044 )     (1,044 )
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ 88,483     $ 340     $ (47,059 )   $ 41,764  
 
                       
 
                               
As of March 31, 2011:
                               
Total assets
  $ 3,404,240     $ 51,385     $ 191,142     $ 3,646,767  
 
                       

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
                                 
    Direct Hotel     Hotel              
    Investments     Financing     Corporate     Consolidated  
Three Months Ended March 31, 2010:
                               
Total revenue
  $ 198,866     $ 337     $     $ 199,203  
 
                       
Total hotel operating expenses
    131,155                   131,155  
Property taxes, insurance and other
    13,154                   13,154  
Depreciation and amortization
    34,040                   34,040  
Impairment charges
          (769 )           (769 )
Corporate general and administrative
                6,658       6,658  
 
                       
Total expenses
    178,349       (769 )     6,658       184,238  
 
                       
Operating income (loss)
    20,517       1,106       (6,658 )     14,965  
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures
          658             658  
Interest income
                61       61  
Other income
                15,519       15,519  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
                (35,064 )     (35,064 )
Unrealized gain on derivatives
                13,908       13,908  
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    20,517       1,764       (12,234 )     10,047  
Income tax expense
                (44 )     (44 )
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ 20,517     $ 1,764     $ (12,278 )   $ 10,003  
 
                       
 
                               
As of March 31, 2010:
                               
Total assets
  $ 3,534,962     $ 57,849     $ 309,533     $ 3,902,344  
 
                       
16. Pro Forma Financial Information
     As discussed in Notes 3 and 6, on March 10, 2011, we and PREI formed the PIM Highland JV to take ownership of the Highland Hospitality Portfolio through a debt restructuring and consensual foreclosure. At closing, we invested $150.0 million and PREI invested $50.0 million to fund capital expenditures and to reduce debt. We own 71.74% of the joint venture and PREI owns the remaining 28.26%.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     The following unaudited pro forma statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, are based on our historical consolidated financial statements adjusted to give effect to the completion of the acquisition of the Highland Hospitality Portfolio as if the transaction had occurred at January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2011. The pro forma financial information is prepared for informational purposes only and does not purport to be indicative of what would have resulted had the acquisition transaction occurred on the date indicated or what may result in the future (in thousands, except per share amounts).
                                                 
    Three Months Ended     Three Months Ended  
    March 31, 2011     March 31, 2010  
    As     Pro Forma     Pro Forma     As     Pro Forma     Pro Forma  
    Reported     Adjustments     Adjusted     Reported     Adjustments     Adjusted  
Hotel revenue
  $ 211,956     $     $ 211,956     $ 198,792     $     $ 198,792  
Other revenue
    338             338       411             411  
 
                                   
Total revenue
    212,294             212,294       199,203             199,203  
 
                                   
Hotel expenses
    138,033             138,033       131,155             131,155  
Property taxes, insurance and other
    10,929             10,929       13,154             13,154  
Depreciation and amortization
    32,973             32,973       34,040             34,040  
Impairment charges
    (340 )           (340 )     (769 )           (769 )
Transaction acquisition costs
    (1,224 )     1,224 (1)                        
Corporate general and administrative and other
    13,883             13,883       6,658             6,658  
 
                                   
Total expenses
    194,254       1,224       195,478       184,238             184,238  
 
                                   
Operating income (loss)
    18,040       (1,224 )     16,816       14,965             14,965  
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures
    28,124       (39,888 ) (2)(3)     (11,764 )     658       (10,775 ) (2)     (10,117 )
Interest and other income
    48,039             48,039       15,580             15,580  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs and write-off of loan costs and exit fees
    (34,578 )           (34,578 )     (35,064 )           (35,064 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives
    (16,817 )           (16,817 )     13,908             13,908  
Income taxes
    (1,044 )           (1,044 )     (44 )           (44 )
 
                                   
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    41,764       (41,112 )     652       10,003       (10,775 )     (772 )
(Income) loss from continuing operating attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (4,891 )     5,053 (4)     162       (795 )     1,672 (4)     877  
 
                                   
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to the Company
    36,873       (36,059 )     814       9,208       (9,103 )     105  
Preferred dividends
    (6,555 )           (6,555 )     (4,830 )           (4,830 )
 
                                   
Income (loss) from continuing operations available to common shareholders
  $ 30,318     $ (36,059 )   $ (5,741 )   $ 4,378     $ (9,103 )   $ (4,725 )
 
                                   
Income (loss) per diluted share:
                                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders
  $ 0.45             $ (0.06 )   $ 0.08             $ (0.09 )
 
                                       
Weighted average diluted number of shares outstanding
    79,330               79,330       53,073               53,073  
 
                                       
 
(1)     To eliminate transaction costs credit recorded in our financial statements.
 
(2)     To reflect our 71.74% loss in PIM Highland JV that owns the Highland Hospitality Portfolio, which is calculated as follows:
                 
Historical net income of Highland Hospitality Portfolio
  $ 54,353     $ (4,300 )
Pro forma adjustments:
               
Additional hotel operating results for the period from January 1, 2011 through March 10, 2011
    11,981        
Additional interest related to assumed debt at higher rates
    (11,372 )     (4,825 )
Amortization of loan costs incurred from assuming debt
    (1,337 )     (1,744 )
Additional depreciation expense based on the fair value of the hotel properties at acquisition and the useful lives under our accounting policies
    (11,702 )     (4,150 )
Additional corporate general and administrative expense for the period from January 1, 2011 through March 10, 2011
    (565 )      
Removal of gain recognized at acquisition
    (75,372 )      
Removal of transaction acquisition costs
    17,616        
 
           
Pro forma adjusted net loss
    (16,398 )     (15,019 )
Our percentage ownership
    x 71.74 %     x 71.74 %
 
           
Our portion of PIM Highland JV net loss
    (11,764 )     (10,775 )
Reversal of equity earnings recorded
    (28,124 )      
 
           
Net adjustments
  $ (39,888 )   $ (10,775 )
 
           
 
(3)   The equity loss in unconsolidated joint ventures does not include $17.6 million of closing costs incurred by PIM Highland JV.
 
(4)     To reflect our 71.74% loss in PIM Highland JV that is attributable to noncontrolling interests.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
17. Subsequent Events
     In April 2011, we completed the offering of 3.35 million shares (including 350,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of an over-allotment option) of the 9.00% Series E Cumulative Preferred Stock at a net price of $24.2125 per share, and we received net proceeds of $81.1 million after underwriting fees. Of the total proceeds from the offering $73.0 million was used to redeem 5.9 million shares of the total 7.2 million shares of our Series B-1 convertible preferred stock outstanding on May 3, 2011. The remaining proceeds will be used for other general corporate purposes. The remaining 1.4 million outstanding Series B-1 convertible preferred shares were converted into 1.4 million shares of our common stock.
     In April 2011, we entered into a settlement agreement with the borrower of the mezzanine loan which was secured by a 105-hotel property portfolio and scheduled to mature in April 2011. The borrower paid off the loan for $22.1 million. The mezzanine loan had a carrying value of $17.9 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, after an impairment charge of $7.8 million was recorded at December 31, 2010. The difference between the settlement amount and the carrying value will be recorded as a credit to impairment charges in accordance with applicable accounting guidance. We used $20.0 million of the settlement proceeds to pay down our senior credit facility.

28


 

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
     The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere herein. This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the “Company” or “we” or “our” or “us”) cautions investors that any forward-looking statements presented herein, or which management may express orally or in writing from time to time, are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions at that time. Throughout this report, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “result,” and other similar expressions, which do not relate solely to historical matters, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, or projected. We caution investors that while forward-looking statements reflect our good-faith beliefs at the time such statements are made, said statements are not guarantees of future performance and are affected by actual events that occur after such statements are made. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which were based on results and trends at the time those statements were made, to anticipate future results or trends.
     Some risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, those discussed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 4, 2011. These risks and uncertainties continue to be relevant to our performance and financial condition. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment where new risk factors emerge from time to time. It is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor can management assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as indicators of actual results.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
General
     Following a recession that lasted over two years, beginning in 2010 the lodging industry started experiencing improvement in fundamentals, specifically occupancy and this improvement has continued into 2011. Room rates, measured by the average daily rate, or ADR, which typically lags occupancy growth in the early stage of a recovery, have continued showing upward growth. We believe the improvements in the economy will continue to positively impact the lodging industry and hotel operating results for 2011. Our business strategy is to take advantage of the cyclical nature of the hotel industry. We believe that in the current cycle, hotel values and cash flows, for the most part, peaked in 2007, and we believe we will not achieve similar cash flows and values in the immediate future. Industry experts have suggested that cash flows within our industry may achieve these previous highs again in 2014 through 2016.
     Based on our primary business objectives and forecasted operating conditions, our current key priorities and financial strategies include, among other things:
    acquisition of hotel properties;
 
    disposition of hotel properties;
 
    restructuring and liquidating positions in mezzanine loans;
 
    pursuing capital market activities to enhance long-term shareholder value;
 
    preserving capital, enhancing liquidity, and continuing current cost saving measures;

29


 

    implementing selective capital improvements designed to increase profitability;
 
    implementing effective asset management strategies to minimize operating costs and increase revenues;
 
    financing or refinancing hotels on competitive terms;
 
    utilizing hedges and derivatives to mitigate risks; and
 
    making other investments or divestitures that our Board of Directors deems appropriate.
     Our investment strategies continue to focus on the upscale and upper-upscale segments within the lodging industry. We believe that as supply, demand, and capital market cycles change, we will be able to shift our investment strategies to take advantage of new lodging-related investment opportunities as they may develop. Our Board of Directors may change our investment strategies at any time without shareholder approval or notice.
SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTIONS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
      Preferred Stock Offering and Redemption of Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock — In April 2011, we completed the offering of 3.35 million shares (including 350,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of an over-allotment option) of the 9.00% Series E Cumulative Preferred Stock at a net price of $24.2125 per share, and we received net proceeds of $81.1 million after underwriting fees. Of the total proceeds from the offering $73.0 million was used to redeem 5.9 million shares of the total 7.2 million shares of our Series B-1 convertible preferred stock outstanding on May 3, 2011. The remaining proceeds will be used for other general corporate purposes. The remaining 1.4 million outstanding Series B-1 convertible preferred shares were converted into 1.4 million shares of our common stock.
      Repayment of a Mezzanine Loan — In April 2011, we entered into a settlement agreement with the borrower of the mezzanine loan which was secured by a 105-hotel property portfolio and scheduled to mature in April 2011. The borrower paid off the loan for $22.1 million. The mezzanine loan had a carrying value of $17.9 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, after an impairment charge of $7.8 million was recorded at December 31, 2010. The difference between the settlement amount and the carrying value will be recorded as a credit to impairment charges in accordance with applicable accounting guidance. We used $20.0 million of the settlement proceeds to pay down our senior credit facility.
      Acquisition of Hotel Properties Securing Mezzanine Loans Held in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures — In July 2010, as a strategic complement to our existing joint venture with Prudential Real Estate Investors (“PREI”) formed in 2008, we contributed $15.0 million for an ownership interest in a new joint venture with PREI. The new joint venture acquired a portion of the tranche 4 mezzanine loan associated with JER Partners’ 2007 privatization of the JER/Highland Hospitality portfolio. The mezzanine loan was secured by the same 28 hotel properties as our then existing joint venture investment in the tranche 6 mezzanine loan. Both of these mezzanine loans were in default since August 2010. After negotiating with the borrowers, senior secured lenders and senior mezzanine lenders for a restructuring, we, through another new joint venture, the PIM Highland JV, with PRISA III Investments, LLC (“PRISA III”) (an affiliate of PREI), invested $150.0 million and PRISA III invested $50.0 million of new capital to acquire the 28 high quality full and select service hotel properties comprising the Highland Portfolio on March 10, 2011. We and PRISA III have ownership interests of 71.74% and 28.26%, respectively, in the new joint venture. In addition to the common equity splits, we and PRISA III each have a $25.0 million preferred equity interest earning an accrued but unpaid 15% return with priority over common equity distributions. Our investment in the PIM Highland JV is accounted for using the equity method and the carrying value was $193.1 million at March 31, 2011. The PIM Highland JV recognized a gain of $75.4 million at acquisition, of which our share was $43.2 million, based on the preliminary assessment of the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a preliminary basis using estimated fair value information currently available. The allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities will be finalized as soon as practicable upon completion of the analysis of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which could result in adjustments to the gain recognized based on the preliminary assessment.
      Litigation Settlement — In March 2010, we entered into a Consent and Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells”) to resolve potential disputes and claims between us and Wells relating to our purchase of a participation interest in certain mezzanine loans. Wells denied the allegations in our

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complaint and further denies any liability for the claims asserted by us; however, the Settlement Agreement was entered into to resolve our claims against Wells and to secure Wells’ consent to our participation in the Highland Hospitality Portfolio restructuring. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, Wells has agreed to pay us $30.0 million over the next five years, or earlier, if certain conditions are satisfied. As part of the Settlement Agreement, we and Wells have agreed to a mutual release of claims. We expect that the settlement amount will likely be paid within the next 12 months. We recorded a receivable of $30.0 million and accrued legal costs of $5.5 million for the settlement. Of the total settlement amount, $30.0 million was recorded as “Other income” and the associated legal costs of $5.5 million were recorded as “Corporate general and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statements of operations.
      Acquisition of Condominium Properties — In March 2011, we acquired real estate and certain other rights in connection with the acquisition of the WorldQuest Resort, a condominium hotel project. More specifically, we acquired 96 condominium units, hotel amenities land and improvements, developable raw land, developer rights and Rental Management Agreements (“RMA’s”) with third party owners of condominium units in the project. Units owned by third parties with RMA’s and 62 of the 96 units we acquired participate in a rental pool program whereby the units are leased to guests similar to a hotel operation. Under the terms of the RMA’s, we share in a percentage of the guest room revenues and are reimbursed for certain costs. The remaining 34 units that we own are currently being finished out and will be added to the rental pool when completed. All of these units are included in “Investment in hotel properties, net” in the consolidated balance sheet.
      Resumption of Common Dividends — In February 2011, the Board of Directors accepted management’s recommendation to resume paying cash dividends on our outstanding shares of common stock with an annualized target of $0.40 per share for 2011. The dividend of $0.10 for the first quarter of 2011 was paid in April 2011, and subsequent payments will be reviewed on a quarterly basis.
      Completion of Sales of Hotel Properties — In the three months ended March 2011, we completed the sale of the three hotel properties which were classified as assets held for sale at December 31, 2010, the JW Marriott hotel in San Francisco, California, the Hilton hotel in Rye Town, New York and the Hampton Inn hotel in Houston, Texas. We received net proceeds of $93.7 million (net of repayments of related mortgage debt of $50.2 million). We used the net proceeds to reduce $70.0 million of the borrowings on our senior credit facility.
      Sale of Additional Shares of Our Common Stock — In January 2011, an underwriter purchased 300,000 shares of our common stock through the partial exercise of the underwriter’s 1.125 million share over-allotment option in connection with the issuance of 7.5 million shares of common stock completed in December 2010, and we received net proceeds of $2.8 million.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
     Our cash position from operations is affected primarily by macro industry movements in occupancy and rate as well as our ability to control costs. Further, interest rates greatly affect the cost of our debt service as well as the financial hedges we put in place. We monitor very closely the industry fundamentals as well as interest rates. The strategy is that if the economy underperforms (negatively affecting industry fundamentals), some or all of the loss in cash flow should be offset by our financial hedges due to, what we believe to be, the expectation that the Federal Reserve will probably keep interest rates relatively low. Alternatively, if the Federal Reserve raises interest rates because of inflation, our properties should benefit from the ability to rapidly raise room rates in an inflationary environment. Capital expenditures above our reserves will affect cash flow as well.
     In September 2010, we entered into an at-the-market (“ATM”) program with an investment banking firm to offer for sale from time to time up to $50.0 million of our common stock at market prices. No shares were sold during the three months ended March 31, 2011. Proceeds from the ATM program, to the extent the program is utilized, are expected to be used for general corporate purposes including investments and reduction of debt.
     In February 2010, we entered into a Standby Equity Distribution Agreement (the “SEDA”) with YA Global Master SPV Ltd. (“YA Global”) that terminates in 2013, and is available to provide us additional liquidity if needed. Pursuant to the SEDA, YA Global has agreed to purchase up to $50.0 million (which may be increased to $65.0 million pursuant to the SEDA) of newly issued shares of our common stock if notified to do so by us in accordance with the SEDA. No shares were sold during the three months ended March 31, 2011.

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     Our principal sources of funds to meet our cash requirements include: positive cash flow from operations, capital market activities, property refinancing proceeds, asset sales, and net cash derived from interest rate derivatives. Additionally, our principal uses of funds are expected to include possible operating shortfalls, owner-funded capital expenditures, new investments and debt interest and principal payments. Items that impacted our cash flow and liquidity during the periods indicated are summarized as follows:
      Net Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities. Net cash flows provided by operating activities, pursuant to our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows which includes the changes in balance sheet items, were $15.9 million and $25.6 million for three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The decrease in cash flows from operating activities was primarily due to the timing of collecting receivables from hotel guests and an increase in restricted cash due to additional cash deposits relating to certain debt services and capital expenditures.
      Net Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities. For the three months ended March 31, 2011, investing activities used net cash flows of $27.4 million. Cash outlays consisted of $145.8 million for the acquisition of the 71.74% interest in PIM Highland JV 28-hotel properties, $12.0 million for the acquisition of investment in hotel condominiums, and $13.9 million for capital improvements made to various hotel properties. Cash inflows consisted of $143.9 million from the sale of three hotel properties. For the three months ended March 31, 2010, investing activities provided net cash flows of $2.6 million, consisting of cash inflows of $20.8 million from the principal payments on notes receivable and cash outlays of $18.2 million for capital improvements to various hotel properties.
      Net Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities. For the three months ended March 31, 2011, net cash flows used in financing activities were $113.8 million. Cash outlays consisted of $7.3 million for dividend payments to common and preferred stockholders and unit holders, $2.2 million payment for loan modification and extension fees, $125.2 million for repayments of indebtedness and capital leases, and $127,000 distribution to a noncontrolling interest joint venture partner. These cash outlays were partially offset by cash inflows of $2.8 million from issuance of 300,000 shares of common stock and $18.2 million from the counterparties of our interest rate derivatives. For the three months ended March 31, 2010, net cash flows used in financing activities was $21.2 million. Cash outlays consisted of $29.1 million for purchases of common stock, $5.6 million for dividend payments to preferred shareholders and preferred unit holders, $834,000 payment for loan modification and extension fees, $1.4 million for repayments of indebtedness and capital leases, and $129,000 distribution to a noncontrolling interest joint venture partner. These cash outlays were partially offset by $15.7 million cash payments from the counterparties of our interest rate derivatives.
     We are required to maintain certain financial ratios under various debt, preferred equity and derivative agreements. If we violate covenants in any debt or derivative agreement, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Violations of certain debt covenants may result in us being unable to borrow unused amounts under a line of credit, even if repayment of some or all borrowings is not required. In any event, financial covenants under our current or future debt obligations could impair our planned business strategies by limiting our ability to borrow (i) beyond certain amounts or (ii) for certain purposes. Presently, our existing financial debt covenants primarily relate to maintaining minimum debt coverage ratios, maintaining an overall minimum net worth, maintaining a maximum loan to value ratio, and maintaining an overall minimum total assets. At March 31, 2011, we were in compliance with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt and derivative agreements as amended.
     Virtually, our only recourse obligation is our $250 million senior credit facility held by nine banks, which expires in April 2012. The outstanding balance on this credit facility at March 31, 2011 was $45.0 million. The main covenants in this senior credit facility include (i) the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined, of 1.25x through March 31, 2011 (ours was 1.70x at March 31, 2011), and 1.35x thereafter until expiration; and (ii) the maximum leverage ratio, as defined, of 65% (ours was 60.9% at March 31, 2011). We may be unable to refinance a portion or all of this senior credit facility before maturity, and if it becomes necessary to pay down the principal balance, we believe we will be able to accomplish that with cash on hand, cash flows from operations, equity raises or, to the extent necessary, asset sales.
     The articles governing our Series B-1 convertible preferred stock require us to maintain certain covenants. The impairment charges recorded during the second, third and fourth quarter of 2009, and the second and fourth quarter of 2010 could have prevented us from satisfying one financial ratio. However, the holder of the Series B-1 convertible preferred stock reviewed the specific impairment charges and agreed to exclude the impairment charges incurred in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2009, and the second and fourth quarters of 2010, as they impacted the financial ratio calculations for the affected periods. There were no requirements to submit our covenant calculations related to our

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Series B-1 convertible preferred stock as all the outstanding shares were redeemed or converted to common stock on May 3, 2011.
     Based upon the current level of operations, management believes that our cash flow from operations along with our cash balances and the amount available under our senior credit facility ($205.0 million at March 31, 2011) will be adequate to meet upcoming anticipated requirements for interest, working capital, and capital expenditures for the next 12 months. With respect to upcoming maturities, we will continue to proactively address our upcoming 2011 maturities. No assurances can be given that we will obtain additional financings or, if we do, what the amount and terms will be. Our failure to obtain future financing under favorable terms could adversely impact our ability to execute our business strategy. In addition, we may selectively pursue debt financing on individual properties and our debt investments.
     We are committed to an investment strategy where we will opportunistically pursue hotel-related investments as suitable situations arise. Funds for future hotel-related investments are expected to be derived, in whole or in part, from future borrowings under a credit facility or other loans, or from proceeds from additional issuances of common stock, preferred stock, or other securities, asset sales, joint ventures and repayments of our loan investments. However, we have no formal commitment or understanding to invest in additional assets, and there can be no assurance that we will successfully make additional investments. We are encouraged by the incremental improvement in both the capital and debt markets over the last quarter and will continue to look at capital raising options.
     Our existing hotels are mostly located in developed areas that contain competing hotel properties. The future occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR of any individual hotel could be materially and adversely affected by an increase in the number or quality of the competitive hotel properties in its market area. Competition could also affect the quality and quantity of future investment opportunities.
      Dividend Policy . In February 2011, the Board of Directors accepted management’s recommendation to resume paying cash dividends on our common stock with an annualized target of $0.40 per share for 2011. The dividend of $0.10 for the first quarter of 2011 was paid in April 2011, and subsequent payments will be reviewed on a quarterly basis. We may incur indebtedness to meet distribution requirements imposed on REITs under the Internal Revenue Code to the extent that working capital and cash flow from our investments are insufficient to fund required distributions. Or, we may elect to pay dividends on our common stock in cash or a combination of cash and shares of securities as permitted under federal income tax laws governing REIT distribution requirements.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
     The following table summarizes the changes in key line items from our consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
                         
    Three Months Ended   Favorable/
    March 31,   (Unfavorable)
    2 011   2 010   Change
Total revenue
  $ 212,294     $ 199,203     $ 13,091  
Total hotel operating expenses
  $ (138,033 )   $ (131,155 )   $ (6,878 )
Property taxes, insurance and other
  $ (10,929 )   $ (13,154 )   $ 2,225  
Depreciation and amortization
  $ (32,973 )   $ (34,040 )   $ 1,067  
Impairment charges
  $ 340     $ 769     $ (429 )
Transaction acquisition costs
  $ 1,224     $     $ 1,224  
Corporate general and administrative
  $ (13,883 )   $ (6,658 )   $ (7,225 )
Operating income
  $ 18,040     $ 14,965     $ 3,075  
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures
  $ 28,124     $ 658     $ 27,466  
Interest income
  $ 36     $ 61     $ (25 )
Other income
  $ 48,003     $ 15,519     $ 32,484  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
  $ (34,578 )   $ (35,064 )   $ 486  
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives
  $ (16,817 )   $ 13,908     $ (30,725 )
Income tax benefit (expense)
  $ (1,044 )   $ (44 )   $ (1,000 )
Income from continuing operations
  $ 41,764     $ 10,003     $ 31,761  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
  $ 2,118     $ (4,777 )   $ 6,895  
Net income
  $ 43,882     $ 5,226     $ 38,656  
(Income) loss from consolidated joint ventures attributable to noncontrolling interests
  $ (931 )   $ 701     $ (1,632 )
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
  $ (5,118 )   $ (792 )   $ (4,326 )
Net income attributable to the Company
  $ 37,833     $ 5,135     $ 32,698  
     Income from continuing operations represents the operating results of 97 hotel properties included in continuing operations that we have owned throughout the entirety of the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010. The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of these hotels:
                 
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    2011   2010
Total hotel revenue (in thousands)
  $ 211,956     $ 198,792  
Room revenue (in thousands)
  $ 163,060     $ 151,726  
RevPAR (revenue per available room)
  $ 92.04     $ 85.64  
Occupancy
    69.87 %     67.79 %
ADR (average daily rate)
  $ 131.73     $ 126.34  
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 and 2010
      Revenue. Room revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2011 (the “2011 quarter”) increased $11.3 million, or 7.5%, to $163.1 million from $151.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2010 (the “2010 quarter”). The increase in room revenue was primarily due to the continued improvements in occupancy coupled with the increase in average daily rate. During the 2011 quarter, we experienced a 208 basis points increase in occupancy and a 4.3% increase in room rates as the economy continues to improve. Food and beverage experienced a similar increase of $2.2 million, or 6.2%, due to improved occupancy. Other revenue, which consists mainly of telecommunication, parking, spa and golf fees, experienced a slight decline of $526,000.
     Rental income from the triple-net operating lease increased $131,000 primarily due to higher hotel revenues related to that property during the 2011 quarter resulting from improved ADR and the effect of higher occupancy.
     Asset management fees and other were $338,000 and $74,000 for the 2011 quarter and the 2010 quarter, respectively.

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     No interest income from notes receivable has been recorded for the 2011 quarter as the remaining two mezzanine loans in our loan portfolio were impaired in the previous two years. As a result, the cash received from the two remaining notes is recorded as credits to impairment charges in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. We recorded a credit to impairment charges of $340,000 and $769,000 for the 2011 quarter and the 2010 quarter, respectively. In April 2011, we entered into a settlement agreement with the borrower of the mezzanine loan which was secured by a 105-hotel property portfolio and scheduled to mature in April 2011. The borrower repaid the loan for $22.1 million. The mezzanine loan had a carrying value of $17.9 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, after an impairment charge of $7.8 million was recorded at December 31, 2010. The difference between the settlement amount and the carrying value was recorded as a credit to impairment charges in accordance with applicable accounting guidance.
      Hotel Operating Expenses. Hotel operating expenses consist of direct expenses from departments associated with revenue streams and indirect expenses associated with support departments and management fees. We experienced increases of $3.5 million in direct expenses and $3.4 million in indirect expenses and management fees in the 2011 quarter. The increase in these expenses is primarily attributable to higher occupancy and higher management fees resulting from increased hotel revenues, and higher sales and marketing expenses. The direct expenses were 32.6% of total hotel revenue for the 2011 quarter and 33.0% for the 2010 quarter.
      Property Taxes, Insurance and Other. Property taxes, insurance and other decreased $2.2 million for the 2011 quarter to $10.9 million. The decrease is primarily due to a $1.5 million reduction in property taxes resulting from our continued successful appeals as we secured significant reductions in the assessed value related to certain of our hotel properties. Insurance expense and other decreased $265,000 resulting from lower premiums for insurance policies renewed in June 2010 and lower uninsured losses incurred. The decrease in these expenses also reflects a gain of $244,000 recognized on an insurance settlement.
      Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased $1.1 million for the 2011 quarter compared to the 2010 quarter primarily due to certain assets that had been fully depreciated since March 31, 2010, which is partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense resulting from capital improvements made at certain hotel properties since March 31, 2010.
      Impairment Charges. We recorded a credit to impairment charges of $340,000 and $769,000 for the cash received and the valuation adjustments on the previously impaired mezzanine loans.
      Transaction Acquisition Costs. We recorded a credit to transaction acquisition costs of $1.2 million relating to certain costs for the acquisition of the 71.74% interest in PIM Highland JV that were reimbursed by the joint venture.
      Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expenses increased to $13.9 million for the 2011 quarter compared to $6.7 million for the 2010 quarter. The non-cash stock/unit-based compensation expense increased $642,000 primarily due to the higher expense recognized on the restricted stock/unit-based awards granted in 2010 and 2011 at a higher cost per share. For the 2011 quarter, corporate general and administrative expenses also included $5.5 million in legal costs associated with the settlement of litigation. Other corporate general and administrative expenses increased $1.1 million during the 2011 quarter primarily attributable to an increase in target incentives for certain executives.
      Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. We recorded equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures of $28.1 million and $658,000 for the 2011 quarter and the 2010 quarter, respectively. Included in the 2011 quarter were a gain of $75.4 million recognized by the PIM Highland JV at acquisition, of which our share was $43.2 million, and $17.6 million of transaction costs recorded for the acquisition. Excluding the gain and the transaction costs, our equity loss would be $2.4 million for the 2011 quarter.
      Interest Income. Interest income was $36,000 and $61,000 for the 2011 quarter and the 2010 quarter, respectively.
      Other Income. Other income was $48.0 million and $15.5 million for the 2011 quarter and the 2010 quarter, respectively. Income from the non-hedge interest rate swap, floor and flooridors accounted for $18.0 million and $15.5 million for the 2011 quarter and the 2010 quarter, respectively. For the 2011 quarter other income included a gain of $30.0 million recognized from a litigation settlement.

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      Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs. Interest expense and amortization of loan costs decreased $486,000 to $34.6 million for the 2011 quarter from $35.1 million for the 2010 quarter. The decrease is primarily attributable to decreased amortization of loan costs resulting from certain loan costs that were fully amortized at the initial maturity dates and a slight decrease in interest expense resulting from the principal repaid since March 31, 2010 net of the increase in interest from loans refinanced at higher interest rates since March 31, 2010.
      Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives. Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives represents primarily the changes in fair value of the interest rate swap, floor, flooridor and cap transactions we entered into since March 2008 which were not designated as cash flow hedges. We recorded an unrealized loss of $16.8 million for the 2011 quarter and an unrealized gain of $13.9 million for the 2010 quartery on these derivatives. The fair value of these derivatives decreased during the 2011 quarter primarily due to the movements in the LIBOR forward curve used in determining the fair value and the passage of time.
      Income Tax Expense. We recorded an income tax expense from continuing operations of $1.0 million for the 2011 quarter and $44,000 for the 2010 quarter. The increase in tax expense in the 2011 quarter is primarily due to increased profitability in our TRS subsidiaries. Despite the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards for regular tax purposes, we had to accrue federal alternative minimum taxes and certain state income taxes for our largest TRS subsidiary.
      Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations. Discontinued operations reported income from operations of $2.1 million for the 2011 quarter and loss of $4.8 million for the 2010 quarter. During the 2011 quarter, we completed the sale of the JW Marriott hotel in San Francisco, CA, the Hilton hotel in Rye Town, NY and the Hampton Inn hotel in Houston, TX. We recorded a net gain of $2.8 million on the sales. Discontinued operations for the 2010 quarter also include the operating results of the Hilton Suites in Auburn Hills, Michigan that was sold in September 2010 and the Westin O’Hare, Illinois that was deconsolidated at the closing of the deed-in-lieu of foreclosure in September 2010.
      Loss from Consolidated Joint Ventures Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. The noncontrolling interest partners in consolidated joint ventures were allocated income of $931,000 during the 2011 quarter and a loss of $701,000 during the 2010 quarter. In the 2011 quarter, we recorded a gain of $2.1 million from the sale of the Hampton Inn hotel property in Houston, Texas that was held by a joint venture.
      Net Income Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership. The noncontrolling interests were allocated net income of $5.1 million and $792,000 in the 2011 quarter and the 2010 quarter, respectively. The redeemable noncontrolling interests represented ownership interests of 19.2% and 22.5% in the operating partnership at March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the net increase in common stock outstanding of 6.6 million resulting from the issuance of 7.8 million shares in December 2010 and January 2011, net of the effect of shares repurchased in the second quarter of 2010 and the units redeemed and converted since March 31, 2010.
SEASONALITY
     Our properties’ operations historically have been seasonal as certain properties maintain higher occupancy rates during the summer months and some during the winter months. This seasonality pattern can cause fluctuations in our quarterly lease revenue under our percentage leases. We anticipate that our cash flows from the operations of our properties will be sufficient to enable us to make quarterly distributions to maintain our REIT status. To the extent that cash flows from operations are insufficient during any quarter due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in lease revenue, we expect to utilize other cash on hand or borrowings to fund required distributions. However, we cannot make any assurances that we will make distributions in the future.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
     There have been no other significant new accounting policies employed during the three months ended March 31, 2011. See our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 for further discussion of critical accounting policies.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
     In December 2010, FASB issued an accounting standard update to require a public entity to disclose pro forma information for business combinations that occurred in the current reporting period. The disclosures include pro forma

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revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the current reporting period as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the year had been as of the beginning of the annual reporting period. If comparative financial statements are presented, the pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the comparable prior reporting period should be reported as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the current year had been as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period. The new disclosures are effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The pro forma disclosures related to our acquisition of the 28-hotel portfolio through the PIM Highland JV in Note 16 are made in accordance with the new requirements. The adoption did not have an impact on our financial position and results of operations.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
     The following non-GAAP presentations of EBITDA and FFO are made to help our investors in evaluating our operating performance. EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) attributable to the Company before interest expense, interest income other than interest income from mezzanine loans, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership. We present EBITDA because we believe it provides useful information to investors as it is an indicator of our ability to meet our future debt payment requirements, working capital requirements and it provides an overall evaluation of our financial condition. EBITDA as calculated by us may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies that do not define EBITDA exactly as we define the term. EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of performance or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as determined by GAAP as a indicator of liquidity.
     The following table reconciles net income to EBITDA (in thousands):
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2011     2010  
Net income
  $ 43,882     $ 5,226  
Income (loss) from consolidated joint ventures attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (931 )     701  
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (5,118 )     (792 )
 
           
Net income attributable to the Company
    37,833       5,135  
Depreciation and amortization
    32,161       36,318  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
    34,817       37,105  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    1,129       (15 )
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    5,118       792  
Interest income
    (36 )     (60 )
 
           
EBITDA (1)
  $ 111,022     $ 79,275  
 
           
 
(1)   EBITDA is not adjusted for income received from interest rate derivatives because the related derivatives are not designated as hedges under the applicable authoritative accounting guidance and therefore, this income is reported as other income instead of a reduction of interest expense in accordance with GAAP.
     The White Paper on Funds From Operations (“FFO”) approved by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) in April 2002 defines FFO as net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses on sales of properties and extraordinary items as defined by GAAP, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and net of adjustments for the portion of these items attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership. NAREIT developed FFO as a relative measure of performance of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the basis determined by GAAP. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards established by NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that either do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or interpret the NAREIT definition differently than us. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities as determined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to a) GAAP net income or loss as an indication of our financial performance or b) GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to satisfy our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. However, to facilitate a clear understanding of our historical operating results, we believe that FFO should be considered along with our net income or loss and cash flows reported in the consolidated financial statements.

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     The following table reconciles net income to FFO (in thousands):
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2011     2010  
Net income
  $ 43,882     $ 5,226  
Income (loss) from consolidated joint ventures attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (931 )     701  
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (5,118 )     (792 )
Preferred dividends
    (6,555 )     (4,830 )
 
           
Net income attributable to common shareholders
    31,278       305  
Depreciation and amortization of real estate
    32,100       36,250  
Gain on sale/disposition of properties
    (2,802 )      
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    5,118       792  
 
           
FFO available to common shareholders
  $ 65,694     $ 37,347  
 
           
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
     Our primary market risk exposure consists of changes in interest rates on borrowings under our debt instruments, our derivatives portfolio and notes receivable that bear interest at variable rates that fluctuate with market interest rates. The analysis below presents the sensitivity of the market value of our financial instruments to selected changes in market interest rates.
     At March 31, 2011, the total indebtedness of $2.4 billion of our continuing operations included $591.1 million of variable-rate debt. The impact on the results of operations of a 25-basis point change in interest rate on the outstanding balance of variable-rate debt at March 31, 2011 would be approximately $1.4 million per year. Interest rate changes will have no impact on the remaining $1.9 billion of fixed rate debt.
     The above amounts were determined based on the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our borrowings and assume no changes in our capital structure. As the information presented above includes only those exposures that existed at March 31, 2011, it does not consider exposures or positions that could arise after that date. Accordingly, the information presented herein has limited predictive value. As a result, the ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on exposures that arise during the period, the hedging strategies at the time, and the related interest rates.
     We primarily use interest rate derivatives in order to capitalize on the historical correlation between changes in LIBOR and RevPAR. Beginning in March 2008, we entered into various interest rate swap, cap, floor, and flooridor transactions that were not designated as hedges. The changes in the fair market values of these transactions are noncash items and recorded in earnings. The interest rate derivatives we entered into since 2008 have resulted in total income of approximately $143.5 million through March 2011. Based on the LIBOR rates in effect on March 31, 2011, these derivatives are expected to result in income of approximately $52.9 million for the remainder of 2011.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
     Under the supervision and with the participation of the our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of March 31, 2011 (“Evaluation Date”). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective (i) to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms; and (ii) to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
     There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
     We are currently subject to litigation arising in the normal course of our business. In the opinion of management, none of these lawsuits or claims against us, either individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. In addition, we believe we have adequate insurance in place to cover such litigation.
     See Part I, Item 2 regarding the litigation settlement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
     The discussion of our business and operations should be read together with the risk factors contained in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which describe various risks and uncertainties to which we are or may become subject. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, strategies or prospects in a material and adverse manner. At March 31, 2011, there have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
     (c) The following table provides the information with respect to repurchases we made of shares of our common stock and units of our operating partnership during each month of the first quarter of 2011:
                                 
    Total           Total Number of   Maximum Dollar
    Number   Average   Shares Purchased as   Value of Shares That
    of Shares   Price Paid   Part of Publicly   May Yet Be Purchased
Period   Purchased   Per Share   Announced Plan (1)   Under the Plan
Common stock:
                               
January 1 to January 31
        $           $ 58,449,000  
February 1 to February 28
        $           $ 58,449,000  
March 1 to March 31
    13,841 (2)   $           $ 58,449,000  
 
                               
Total
    13,841     $                
 
                               
 
(1)   In November 2007, our Board of Directors authorized a $50 million common stock repurchase plan, which was announced on November 21, 2007. The repurchase plan was increased by $75 million in September 2008, and the program was subsequently amended to include both common and preferred stock. In January 2009, the Board of Directors authorized an additional $200 million for the repurchase plan and expanded the plan to include the prepayment of our outstanding debt obligations. In February 2010, the Board of Directors expanded the repurchase program further to also include the potential repurchase of units of our operating partnership.
 
(2)   Includes 13,841 shares forfeited to the Company to satisfy employees’ federal income tax obligations in connection with vesting of equity grants issued under our stock-based compensation plan.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
     
Exhibit   Description
3.1
  Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form S-1l/A, filed on July 31, 2003)
3.2
  Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K, filed November 12, 2010)
10.26.4*
  Limited Liability Company Agreement of PIM Holding LLC, dated March 10, 2011, by and between Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership and PRISA III Investments, LLC
10.26.5*
  Consent and Settlement Agreement dated March 10, 2011, by and between Ashford Hospitality Finance, LP and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to the redacted portions of this agreement)
10.31*
  Indemnity Agreement dated March 10, 2011, between the Registrant and Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC
31.1*
  Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
31.2*
  Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
32.1*
  Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*
  Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
*   Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
     
Date: May 10, 2011  By:   /s/ MONTY J. BENNETT    
    Monty J. Bennett   
    Chief Executive Officer   
 
     
Date: May 10, 2011  By:   /s/ DAVID J. KIMICHIK    
    David J. Kimichik   
    Chief Financial Officer   
 

41

Exhibit 10.26.4
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
OF
PIM HIGHLAND HOLDING LLC
(a Delaware Limited Liability Company)
as of March 10, 2011
THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ SECURITIES ACT ”), OR REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE AND MAY NOT BE SOLD, TRANSFERRED, ASSIGNED, PLEDGED OR HYPOTHECATED (1) ABSENT AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION THEREOF UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR (2) EXCEPT IN A TRANSACTION EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
         
Article   Page  
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS
    1  
Section 1.1 Definitions
    1  
 
       
ARTICLE II ORGANIZATION AND PURPOSE
    16  
 
       
Section 2.1 Formation
    16  
Section 2.2 Name
    16  
Section 2.3 Places of Business
    16  
Section 2.4 Registered Office and Agent
    16  
Section 2.5 Term
    16  
Section 2.6 Purpose
    16  
Section 2.7 Member Information
    17  
Section 2.8 Ownership and Waiver of Partition
    17  
Section 2.9 Qualifications in Other Jurisdictions
    17  
Section 2.10 Management of the Company
    17  
 
       
ARTICLE III MEMBERS
    17  
 
       
Section 3.1 Members
    17  
Section 3.2 Voting Rights of Members
    17  
Section 3.3 No Liability to the Members or the Company
    17  
Section 3.4 Other Business Activities of PRISA III
    18  
Section 3.5 Other Business Activities of Ashford
    19  
 
       
ARTICLE IV DISTRIBUTIONS/ALLOCATIONS
    19  
 
       
Section 4.1 Percentage Interests in Company
    19  
Section 4.2 Distributions
    19  
Section 4.3 Allocations
    21  
Section 4.4 Other Allocations and Profits
    23  
Section 4.5 Tax Allocations
    23  
Section 4.6 Withholding
    24  
Section 4.7 Code Section 83 Safe Harbor Election
    25  
 
       
ARTICLE V CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS
    25  
 
       
Section 5.1 Members’ Initial Capital Contributions
    26  
Section 5.2 Additional Capital Contributions
    26  
Section 5.3 Capital Call Notices
    27  
Section 5.4 Failure to Fund Capital Contributions
    27  
Section 5.5 Records to Reflect Capital Contributions and Capital Commitments
    28  
Section 5.6 Further Capital Contributions
    29  
Section 5.7 Resignations; Withdrawals of Capital
    29  
Section 5.8 Restoration of Negative Capital Accounts
    29  
 
       
ARTICLE VI MANAGEMENT; INDEMNIFICATION
    29  

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Article   Page  
Section 6.1 Management by the Executive Committee
    29  
Section 6.2 Executive Committee
    29  
Section 6.3 Property Management
    30  
Section 6.4 Administrative Member
    31  
Section 6.5 Affiliate Transactions
    32  
Section 6.6 Annual Budgets
    32  
Section 6.7 Meetings of the Executive Committee
    33  
Section 6.8 Compensation
    33  
Section 6.9 Ashford’s Advisory Duties
    33  
Section 6.10 Indemnification
    37  
Section 6.11 Consulting Agreement
    39  
 
       
ARTICLE VII TRANSFER RIGHTS OF MEMBERS
    40  
 
       
Section 7.1 Transfers
    40  
Section 7.2 Sales of Company Interests to Third Parties
    41  
Section 7.3 Buy/Sell: Sale of Entire Interest to Other Member
    43  
Section 7.4 Right to Sell Portfolio; Right of First Offer
    44  
Section 7.5 Right to Sell Partial Portfolio
    47  
Section 7.6 Assumption by Assignee
    50  
Section 7.7 Amendment of Certificate of Formation
    51  
Section 7.8 General Transfer Provisions
    51  
Section 7.9 Indemnification for Securities Laws Violations
    54  
Section 7.10 Compliance with ERISA and State Statutes on Governmental Plans
    55  
 
       
ARTICLE VIII COMPANY BOOKS AND RECORDS
    56  
 
       
Section 8.1 Books, Records, Accounting and Reports
    56  
Section 8.2 Tax Returns
    57  
Section 8.3 Reports
    57  
Section 8.4 Bank Accounts
    58  
Section 8.5 Tax Elections
    59  
Section 8.6 Tax Matters Member
    59  
 
       
ARTICLE IX COVENANTS
    59  
Section 9.1 Preservation of Company’s Existence and Compliance with Laws and Regulations
    59  
Section 9.2 Confidentiality
    59  
 
       
ARTICLE X REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE MEMBERS
    60  
 
       
Section 10.1 Member Representations
    60  
Section 10.2 Ashford Representations
    62  
 
       
ARTICLE XI DISSOLUTION AND TERMINATION
    62  
 
       
Section 11.1 Dissolution
    62  
Section 11.2 Winding Up, Liquidation and Distribution of Assets
    63  
Section 11.3 Certificate of Cancellation
    63  
Section 11.4 Return of Contribution Nonrecourse to Other Members
    64  

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Article   Page  
ARTICLE XII MISCELLANEOUS
    64  
 
       
Section 12.1 Specific Performance; Other Rights
    64  
Section 12.2 Notices
    64  
Section 12.3 Prior Agreements; Construction; Entire Agreement
    65  
Section 12.4 No Waiver
    65  
Section 12.5 Amendments
    65  
Section 12.6 Severability
    66  
Section 12.7 Counterparts
    66  
Section 12.8 Applicable Law; Jurisdiction
    66  
Section 12.9 Waiver Of Jury Trial
    66  
Section 12.10 [Reserved]
    66  
Section 12.11 No Rights of Third Parties
    66  
Section 12.12 Further Assurances
    66  
Section 12.13 Survival
    66  
Section 12.14 Headings
    67  
Section 12.15 No Broker
    67  
Section 12.16 Services to Members
    67  
Section 12.17 Currency
    67  
Section 12.18 Attorneys’ Fees
    67  
Section 12.19 Compliance with ERISA
    67  
 
       
ARTICLE XIII REIT COMPLIANCE
    68  
 
       
Section 13.1 REIT Compliance
    68  

- iii -


 

     
EXHIBITS    
Exhibit A
  List of Members, Initial Capital Contributions, Initial Capital Accounts, Percentage Interests and Investments
 
   
Exhibit B
  Structure Chart
 
   
Exhibit C
  List of License Agreements
 
   
Exhibit D
  List of Management Agreements
 
   
Exhibit E
  Approved Loans
 
   
Exhibit F
  ERISA Certification From Ashford
 
   
Exhibit G
  ERISA Certification From PRISA III
 
   
Exhibit H
  Advisory Duties
 
   
Exhibit I
  Example of Section 4.2 Distributions

- i -


 

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
This LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT of PIM HIGHLAND HOLDING LLC , a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Company ”), is made and entered into to be effective for all purposes as of March 10, 2011, by and between PRISA III Investments, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ PRISA III ”), and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership (“ Ashford ”), whose signatures appear below as Members of the Company and each Person admitted as a Member of the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement. All capitalized terms used in this Agreement which are not otherwise defined have the meanings set forth in Article I.
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS , Ashford and PRISA III agreed to form the Company as a limited liability company to own, hold and invest in the Investments through Subsidiaries in accordance with the terms hereof; and
WHEREAS , this Agreement is being entered into by the Members to govern their affairs as a limited liability company under the Act.
NOW , THEREFORE , in consideration of the premises and the mutual promises and covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
      Section 1.1 Definitions . As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
     “ 1933 Act ” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any successor federal statute, and the rules and regulations thereunder, all as the same shall be in effect at the time.
     “ 1934 Act ” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor federal statute, and the rules and regulations thereunder, all as the same shall be in effect at the time.
     “ 1940 Act ” shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or any successor federal statute, and the rules and regulations thereunder, all as the same shall be in effect at the time.
     “ Act ” shall mean the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, 6 Del. C. § 18 101 et seq ., as amended, and any successor to such statute.
     “ Additional Capital Contributions ” means, for each Member, the amount of Capital Contributions made by that Member, in excess of that Member’s Initial Capital Contribution.


 

     “ Adjusted Capital Account Deficit ” shall mean with respect to any Member, the deficit balance, if any, in such Member’s Capital Account as of the end of the relevant Company Year, after giving effect to the following adjustments:
     (i) Credit to such Capital Account any amounts which such Member is deemed to be obligated to restore to the Company pursuant to the second to last sentence of Regulations §§ 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5).
     (ii) Debit to such Capital Account the items described in Regulations §§ 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6).
     Except as otherwise modified herein, the foregoing definition of Adjusted Capital Account Deficit is intended to comply with the provisions of Regulation § 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
     “ Administrative Member ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.4.
     “ Advisor ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.9.
     “ Affiliate ” shall mean, when used with reference to a specified Person, (i) any Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, Controls or is Controlled by or is under common Control with the specified Person; (ii) any Person who, from time to time, is a spouse or immediate relative of a specified Person; (iii) any Person who, directly or indirectly, is the beneficial owner of ten percent (10%) or more of any class of equity securities or other ownership interests of the specified Person, or of which the specified Person is directly or indirectly the owner of ten percent (10%) or more of any class of equity securities or other ownership interests in each case excluding any Person in its capacity as a shareholder and (iv) as to Ashford, executive officers and directors of Ashford and Persons Controlled by such Persons shall be Affiliates of Ashford.
     “ Agreement ” shall mean this Limited Liability Company Agreement as originally executed and as amended, supplemented or restated from time to time.
     “ Alternative Offer ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(c) herein.
     “ Annual Budget ” with respect to any fiscal year shall mean the Capital Expenditure Budget, the G&A Budget and the Operating Budget for such fiscal year, collectively.
     “ Approved Loans ” shall mean loans made to the Company or any Subsidiary which are approved in writing by the Executive Committee. Each of the Wells Loan, the Cigna Loan and the Mezzanine Loans described on Exhibit E attached to this Agreement shall be deemed to be an Approved Loan hereunder.
     “ Ashford ” shall have the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph herein.
     “ Ashford Credit Agreement ” shall mean that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of April 10, 2007, by and among, inter alia, Ashford, as borrower, Ashford REIT, as parent, Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, as Arranger, each of Mortgage Stanley Senior Funding, Inc.

2


 

and Merrill Lynch Bank USA (now known as Bank of America, N.A.), as Co-Syndication Agents, each of Bank of America, N.A. and Calyon New York Branch, as Co-Documentation Agents, Ashford Credit Facility Agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto, as amended by that certain First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of May 22, 2007, by and among Ashford, Ashford Credit Facility Agent and the lenders party thereto, as further amended by that certain Second Amendment to Credit Agreement and First Amendment to Security Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2008, by and among Ashford, Ashford REIT, Ashford Credit Facility Agent and the lenders party thereto, and by that certain Third Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of December 24, 2008, by and among Ashford, Ashford REIT, and Ashford Credit Facility Agent and the grantors party thereto, and by the Ashford Credit Facility Agent Replacement Agreement.
     “ Ashford Credit Facility Agent ” shall mean Bank of America, N.A., successor in interest to Wachovia Bank, National Association, as Agent on behalf of the lenders party to the Ashford Credit Agreement, its successors and assigns.
     “ Ashford Credit Facility Agent Replacement Agreement ” shall mean that certain Resignation, Waiver, Consent and Appointment and Amendment Agreement dated as of February 1, 2010, by and among Wachovia Bank, National Association, as existing agent, Bank of America, N.A., as successor agent, the lenders party thereto, Ashford, Ashford Hospitality Trust, and each of the affiliated loan parties signatory thereto.
     “ Ashford Credit Facility Loan Documents ” shall mean the “Loan Documents” as defined in the Ashford Credit Agreement.
     “ Ashford REIT ” means Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.
     “ Ashford Representative ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.2 herein.
     “ Available Promote Amount ” with respect to any clause of Section 4.2, means the Hypothetical Percentage Interest of Hypothetical Investor multiplied by the cash to be distributed pursuant to such clause.
     “ Business Day ” shall mean each day other than a Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to be closed.
     “ Buy Notice ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.5(b) herein.
     “ Buy/Sell Company Asset Value ” shall mean the amount specified in a Buy/Sell Notice and designated by the Buy/Sell Initiator, equal to the price for which all assets of the Company would be sold in order to determine the Buy/Sell Selling Price and Buy/Sell Purchase Price using the procedures set forth in Section 7.3(b).
     “ Buy/Sell Deposit ” shall mean either the Buy/Sell Initiator’s Deposit or the Buy/Sell Receiving Member’s Deposit, as applicable depending on which Member is the purchasing Member.

3


 

     “ Buy/Sell Initiator ” shall mean a Member who initiates a buy/sell under Section 7.3.
     “ Buy/Sell Initiator’s Deposit ” shall mean an earnest money deposit, which must consist wholly of cash, in an amount equal to ten percent (10%) of the Buy/Sell Purchase Price as set forth in the Buy/Sell Notice, and which must accompany any Buy/Sell Notice as set forth in Section 7.3.
     “ Buy/Sell Notice ” shall mean for purposes of Section 7.3, a written notice setting forth (a) the Buy/Sell Company Asset Value, (b) the Buy/Sell Selling Price for the Buy/Sell Initiating Member’s Entire Interest, and (c) the Buy/Sell Purchase Price, each as designated by the Buy/Sell Initiator.
     “ Buy/Sell Purchase Price ” shall mean the purchase price, which must consist wholly of cash, for the Buy/Sell Receiving Member’s Entire Interest in the Company
     “ Buy/Sell Receiving Member ” shall mean a Member who receives a Buy/Sell Notice under Section 7.3.
     “ Buy/Sell Receiving Member’s Deposit ” shall mean an earnest money deposit, which must consist wholly of cash, in an amount equal to ten percent (10%) of the Buy/Sell Selling Price, and which must accompany the Buy/Sell Receiving Member’s written response to the Buy/Sell Notice as set forth in Section 7.3.
     “ Buy/Sell Selling Price ” shall mean the selling price, which must consist wholly of cash, for the Buy/Sell Initiator’s Entire Interest.
     “ Capital Account ” shall mean, with respect to each Member, a book account maintained in accordance with the following provisions:
     (i) To each Member’s Capital Account there shall be credited such Member’s Capital Contributions, such Member’s distributive share of Profits and any items in the nature of income or gain which are allocated to such Member pursuant to Section 4.3, and the amount of any Company liabilities that are assumed by such Member (to the extent not taken into account under clause (ii) below).
     (ii) To each Member’s Capital Account there shall be debited the amount of cash and the Gross Asset Value of any Company Asset distributed to such Member pursuant to any provision of this Agreement (net of liabilities secured by such distributed property or asset that such Member assumes or takes subject to), such Member’s distributive share of Losses and any items in the nature of expenses and losses which are allocated to such Member pursuant to Section 4.3, and the amount of any liabilities of such Member that are assumed by the Company or which are secured by any property contributed to the Company by such Member (except to the extent already reflected in the amount of such Member’s Capital Contributions).
     The foregoing definition and other provisions of this Agreement relating to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with Code § 704(b) and the Regulations thereunder, and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Regulations.

4


 

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Executive Committee may modify the manner in which Capital Accounts or any debits or credits thereto are computed in order to comply with such Regulations, provided, that any such modifications do not have a material effect on the amount distributable to any Member pursuant to Section 11.2 upon the liquidation of the Company. Any questions with respect to a Member’s Capital Account shall be reasonably resolved by the Executive Committee, applying principles consistent with this Agreement. The adjustments to the Capital Accounts shall include increases or decreases to reflect a revaluation of any Company Asset pursuant to paragraph (ii) of the definition of Gross Asset Value.
     Any Transferee of Company Interests shall succeed to the Capital Account relating to the Company Interests transferred or the corresponding portion thereof.
     “ Capital Call ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.3 herein.
     “ Capital Call Notice ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.3 herein.
     “ Capital Contribution ” shall mean, with respect to a Member, the amount of cash and the initial Gross Asset Value of any other property contributed to the capital of the Company by such Member reduced, in the case of any property contributed, by the amount of any liability assumed by the Company relating to the property and any liability to which such property is subject. Any reference in this Agreement to the Capital Contribution of a Member shall include a Capital Contribution of its predecessors in interest.
     “ Capital Expenditure Budget ” shall mean with respect to any fiscal year, the annual capital expenditure budget for the operation of the Investments prepared by Ashford and approved by the Executive Committee, which shall include a twelve (12) month projection for such fiscal year of capital expenditure reserves and estimated Capital Expenditures.
     “ Capital Expenditures ” shall mean all expenditures which are defined as capital expenditures under generally accepted accounting principles.
     “ Cash Flow ” shall mean the aggregate of all cash on hand at the date of determination permitted to be disbursed by the Company under the Approved Loans, less such reasonable reserves for actual and contingent obligations as determined by the Executive Committee. In the event of a disagreement among the Committee Representatives as to the amount of reserves, the amount in dispute shall not constitute Cash Flow pending resolution of such dispute.
     “ Cash Value ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.2 herein.
     “ Certificate of Formation ” shall mean the Certificate of Formation of the Company as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware pursuant to the Act and as may be amended from time to time.
     “ Cigna Loan ” shall mean the loan made by Connecticut General Life Insurance Company described on Exhibit E to this Agreement.

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     “ Code ” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or any corresponding provision of succeeding law).
     “ Commission ” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and any successor thereto.
     “ Committee Representative ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.3 herein.
     “ Company ” shall have the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph herein.
     “ Company Assets ” shall mean the assets and property, whether tangible or intangible and whether real, personal, or mixed, at any time owned by or held, directly or indirectly, for the benefit of the Company, and all right, title, and interest, if any, held and owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company in other entities, including any Subsidiaries, but, excluding any and all rights to the name “Ashford,” and all variations thereof and all associated goodwill, which is and shall be the exclusive property of Ashford.
     “ Company Interest ” shall mean, as to any Member, all of the interest of that Member in the Company including such Member’s (i) right to a distributive share of the Profits and Losses and distributions of Cash Flow, including Default Capital Contributions and the right to receive distributions from the Default Capital Contribution Account and Default Capital Contribution Preferred Return Account, (ii) right to a distributive share of Company Assets, (iii) rights, if any, to participate in the management of the Company and (iv) obligations to comply with all the terms and provisions of this Agreement and of the Act, but shall not include Member Loans.
     “ Company Minimum Gain ” shall mean partnership minimum gain as defined in Regulation § 1.704-2(d).
     “ Company Year ” shall mean the taxable year of the Company for federal income tax purposes.
     “ Contribution Option ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.4 herein.
     “ Control ” (including the terms “ Controlling ,” “ Controlled by ” and “ under common Control with ”) shall mean the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
     “ Decision Notice ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.2 herein.
     “ Default Capital Contribution ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.4 herein.
     “ Default Capital Contribution Account ” means, for each Member, the cumulative Default Capital Contributions of that Member, less the cumulative distributions to that Member in return thereof pursuant to Section 4.2(b).

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     “ Default Capital Contribution Preferred Return Account ” means, for each Member, the cumulative accrued Default Preferred Return of that Member less all amounts distributed by the Company to that Member in payment thereof pursuant to Section 4.2(a).
     “ Default Preferred Return ” means, for each Member, the cumulative amount that accrues on the balance of its Default Capital Contribution Account at a rate equal to the greater of (a) 18% per annum and (b) the sum of the Prime Rate plus 5% per annum (in either case, compounded semi-annually).
     “ Depreciation ” shall mean for each Company Year or other period, an amount equal to the depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deduction allowable for federal income tax purposes with respect to an asset for such Company Year or other period; provided, however, that if the Gross Asset Value of an asset differs from its adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes at the beginning of such Company Year or other period, Depreciation shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to such beginning Gross Asset Value as the federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such Company Year or other period bears to such beginning adjusted tax basis; provided, further, that if the federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such Company Year is zero, Depreciation shall be determined with reference to such beginning Gross Asset Value using any reasonable method selected by the Executive Committee.
     “ Divesting Member ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.5(a) herein.
     “ Duty Breach ” shall mean a breach of any material obligation under this Agreement (except for (i) failures to fund a Capital Call pursuant to Section 5.3 remedies for which are governed by Section 5.4, (ii) breaches by Ashford as Advisor which breaches are governed by Section 6.9, and (iii) breaches in the sale or purchase of an Entire Interest by one Member to another which breaches are governed by Section 7.8) which remains uncured for a period of at least thirty (30) days after receipt of notice of such breach, provided , that if such breach can be cured but is not reasonably capable of being cured within such thirty (30)-day period, such longer period of time as is necessary to cure such breach but in no event in excess of a total of one hundred five (105) days.
     “ Economic Interest ” with respect to any Member shall mean the right of that Member to receive its share of the distributions of Cash Flow pursuant to Section 4.2(e) through (h) but shall specifically exclude all other rights of such Member set forth in this Agreement and any statutory rights of a Member under the Act including the rights of such Member, if any, to participate in the management of the Company or to be admitted as a member of the Company.
     “ Entire Interest ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.1(a)(1) herein.
     “ ERISA ” shall mean the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (or any corresponding provision of succeeding law).
     “ Executive Committee ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.2 herein.
     “ Election Notice ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(b) herein.

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     “ Failing Member ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.4 herein.
     “ First Member ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.10(e) herein.
     “ Funding Date ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.3 herein.
     “ G&A Budget ” shall mean with respect to any fiscal year, the annual general and administrative expense budget for the operation of the Investments prepared by Ashford and approved by the Executive Committee.
     “ Gross Asset Value ” shall mean with respect to any asset, the asset’s adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes, except as follows:
     (i) The initial Gross Asset Value of any asset contributed by a Member to the Company shall be the gross fair market value of such asset at the time of contribution, as reasonably determined by the Executive Committee;
     (ii) The Gross Asset Values of all Company Assets shall be adjusted to equal their respective gross fair market values, as reasonably determined by the Executive Committee as of the following times: (a) the acquisition of an additional Company Interest by any new or existing Member; (b) the distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of property or assets as consideration for a Company Interest; (c) the grant of an interest in the Company as consideration for the provision of services to or for the benefit of the Company; and (d) the liquidation of the Company within the meaning of Regulation § 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g); provided , however , that adjustments pursuant to clauses (a), (b) and (c) above shall be made only if the Executive Committee reasonably determines that such adjustments are necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic interests of the Members in the Company;
     (iii) The Gross Asset Value of any Company Asset distributed to any Member shall be the gross fair market value of such asset on the date of distribution, as reasonably determined by the Executive Committee; and
     (iv) The Gross Asset Values of Company Assets shall be increased (or decreased) to reflect any adjustments to the adjusted basis of such assets pursuant to Code §§ 734(b) or 743(b), but only to the extent that such adjustments are taken into account in determining Capital Accounts pursuant to Regulation § 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m).
     If the Gross Asset Value of an asset has been determined or adjusted pursuant to this provision, such Gross Asset Value shall thereafter be adjusted by the Depreciation taken into account with respect to such asset for purposes of computing Profits and Losses. Any adjustment to the Gross Asset Values of Company Assets shall require an adjustment to the Member’s Capital Account as provided in the definition of Profits and Losses.
     “ Hold Member ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(a) herein.

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     “ Hypothetical Investor ” means a hypothetical investor in the Company assuming such hypothetical investor had become a member of the Company as of the date of this Agreement with a 21.74% initial Percentage Interest.
     “ Hypothetical Percentage Interest ” means (a) with respect to Hypothetical Investor, 21.74%; (b) with respect to PRISA III, its Percentage Interest; and (c) with respect to Ashford, 1 minus the sum of (a) and (b).
     “ including ” shall mean “including, without limitation,”.
     “ Indemnified Person ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.10.
     “ Indemnity and Contribution Agreement ” shall mean that certain Indemnity and Contribution Agreement effective the date hereof between Ashford and Operating Partner and joined in by PRISA III.
     “ Independent Accountants ” shall mean Ernst & Young LLP or one of the other so-called “big four” certified public accounting firms selected by the Executive Committee pursuant to Section 8.2.
     “ Initial Capital Contribution ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.
     “ Institutional Investor ” shall mean an Affiliate of PRISA III or Ashford, as the case may be, or:
     (b) one or more of the following:
     (i) an insurance company, bank, savings and loan association, investment bank, trust company, commercial credit corporation, pension plan, pension fund, pension fund advisory firm, mutual fund, real estate investment trust, governmental entity or plan;
     (ii) an investment company, money management firm or a “qualified institutional buyer” within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or an institutional “accredited investor” within the meaning of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which regularly engages in the business of making or owning investments of types similar to the Investments;
     (iii) an investment fund, limited liability company, limited partnership or general partnership in which a Permitted Fund Manager which is investing through a fund with committed capital of at least $250,000,000.00, acts as the general partner, managing member, or the fund manager responsible for the day to day management and operation of such investment vehicle; or
     (iv) an institution substantially similar to any of the foregoing;
     that has, in the case of entities referred to in clauses (a)(i), (ii) or (iv) of this definition or, except as otherwise provided therein, in the case of entities referred to in clause (iii) of this definition, at least $250,000,000 in capital/statutory surplus or shareholders’ equity (except with

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respect to a pension advisory firm or similar fiduciary) and at least $600,000,000 in total assets (in name or under management), and is regularly engaged in the business of making or owning commercial real estate loans or commercial loans (or interests therein) similar to the Investments; or
          (c) any entity Controlled by, or under common Control with, any of the entities described in clause (a) above.
     “ Interest Purchase Deposit ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(b)(1) herein.
     “ Interest Purchase Price ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(b)(1) herein.
     “ Internal Rate of Return ” means with respect to each Member, the discount rate, expressed as an annual rate but compounded quarterly, at which (i) the net present value of all Capital Contributions of such Member paid to the Company, equals (ii) the net present value of all distributions, other than with respect to Member Loans, paid by the Company to such Member pursuant to Section 4.2. For purposes of calculating a Member’s IRR, Capital Contributions made by such Member shall be deemed contributed on the actual date of contribution, and distributions and other payments shall be deemed paid to such Member on the actual date of payment. The Members acknowledge and agree that, as a result of the calculation and compounding of the Internal Rate of Return under this Agreement on a quarterly basis, the actual annual yield of a stated Internal Rate of Return will exceed the stated rate on a per annum basis.
     “ IRR ” means the annual discount rate, compounded quarterly, that, when subtracting the present value of $50,000,000.00 from the sum of the present values of each amount that would have been distributable to Hypothetical Member in accordance with its Hypothetical Percentage Interest under (or by reference to) Section 4.2(e), Section 4.2(f), Section 4.2(g) and Section 4.2(h) the result is equal to zero.
     “ Investments ” shall mean the assets listed on Exhibit A attached hereto, which exhibit shall be updated from time to time to reflect other significant assets acquired by the Company or any Subsidiary.
     “ IRS ” shall mean the United States Internal Revenue Service.
     “ License Agreements ” shall mean the hotel license agreements listed on Exhibit C hereto.
     “ Losses ” shall have the meaning set forth in the definition of Profits.
     “ Management Agreements ” shall mean the hotel management agreements listed on Exhibit D hereto and any replacements thereof approved in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
     “ Member ” shall mean PRISA III and Ashford and any Person subsequently admitted as a member of the Company pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement for the period for which such Person shall remain a Member. Exhibit A shall be revised from time to time by the

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Executive Committee to reflect the admission or permitted withdrawal of Members and/or the Transfer of Company Interests by Members pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement.
     “ Member Informatio n” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.7 herein.
     “ Member Minimum Gain ” shall mean an amount, with respect to each Member Nonrecourse Debt, equal to the Company Minimum Gain that would result if such Member Nonrecourse Debt were treated as a Nonrecourse Liability, determined in accordance with Regulation § 1.704-2(i)(3).
     “ Member Loan ” shall mean a loan made by any Member or any Affiliate of a Member to another Member pursuant to Article V.
     “ Member Nonrecourse Debt ” shall have the meaning as defined in Regulation § 1.704-2(b)(4).
     “ Member Nonrecourse Deductions ” shall have the meaning as defined in Regulation § 1.704-2(i)(2). The amount of Member Nonrecourse Deductions with respect to a Member Nonrecourse Debt for a Company Year equals the net increase, if any, in the amount of Member Minimum Gain during such Company Year attributable to such Member Nonrecourse Debt, reduced by any distributions during that Company Year to the Member that bears the economic risk of loss for such Member Nonrecourse Debt to the extent that such distributions are from the proceeds of such Member Nonrecourse Debt and are allocable to an increase in Member Minimum Gain attributable to such Member Nonrecourse Debt, determined according to the provisions of Regulations §§ 1.704-2(h) and 1.704-2(i).
     “ Mezzanine Loans ” shall mean the loans described under the heading Mezzanine Loans on Exhibit E attached hereto.
     “ Mortgage Loan ” shall mean a loan secured by, or to finance, the real property of the Company or any Subsidiary, including, the Wells Loan, and excluding any Member Loan.
     “ No Transfer Agreement ” shall mean the No Transfer Agreement entered effective the date hereof by and between Ashford, PRISA III, and Operating Partner.
     “ Non Failing Member ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.4 herein.
     “ Nonrecourse Deductions ” shall have the meaning set forth in Regulations §1.704-2(b)(1). The amount of Nonrecourse Deductions for a Company Year equals the net increase, if any, in the amount of Company Minimum Gain during such Company Year reduced by any distributions during such Company Year of proceeds of a Nonrecourse Liability that are allocable to an increase in Company Minimum Gain, determined according to the provisions of Regulations §§ 1.704-2(c) and 1.704-2(h).
     “ Nonrecourse Liability ” shall have the meaning as defined in Regulation § 1.704-2(b)(3).
     “ Notice of Intention ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.4 herein.

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     “ Offer ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.2 herein.
     “ Offeree ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.2 herein.
     “ Offeror ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.2 herein.
     “ Operating Budget ” shall mean with respect to any fiscal year, the annual operating budget for the operation of the Investments prepared by Ashford and approved by the Executive Committee, which shall include a twelve (12) month projection for such fiscal year of Company income for all sources and an estimate of Company expenses.
     “ Operating Partner ” means PRISA III REIT Operating LP, a Delaware limited partnership, in which PRISA III REIT is a limited partner.
     “ Partial Portfolio ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.5(a) herein.
     “ Partial Sale Deposit ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.5(b)(1) herein.
     “ Partial Sale Notice ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.5(a) herein.
     “ Partial Sale Period ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.5(c) herein.
     “ Partial Sale Price ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.5(a) herein.
     “ Percentage Interests ” shall have the meaning provided in Section 4.1 herein.
     “ Permitted Fund Manager ” means (A) The Prudential Insurance Company of America or Prudential Investment Management, Inc. or any Affiliate of The Prudential Insurance Company of America or Prudential Investment Management, Inc. that is not subject to any case, proceeding or other action under any existing or future law of any jurisdiction relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, and (B) any Person that on the date of determination is (i) a nationally-recognized manager of investment funds investing in debt or equity interests relating to commercial real estate, (ii) investing through a fund with committed capital of at least $100,000,000, and (iii) not subject to any case, proceeding or other action under any existing or future law of any jurisdiction relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors.
     “ Person ” shall mean any individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, joint venture, association, trust, unincorporated organization or other governmental or legal entity.
     “ PIM ” shall mean Prudential Investment Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
     “ Plan Assets Regulation ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.10 herein.
     “ Plan Violation ” means a transaction, condition or event that would constitute a nonexempt prohibited transaction under ERISA and/or Code § 4975.
     “ Portfolio ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(a) herein.

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     “ Preferred Equity Account ” means, for each Member, the cumulative Preferred Equity Contributions of that Member, less the cumulative distributions to that Member in return thereof pursuant to Section 4.2(d).
     “ Preferred Equity Contributions ” means the agreed value of that portion of each Member’s interest in the Mezz 4 Debt contributed to the Company on the date hereof for the preferred equity, which in the case of PRISA III is $25,000,000 and in the case of Ashford is $25,000,000.
     “ Preferred Equity Return ” means, for each Member, the cumulative amount that accrues on the balance of its Preferred Equity Account at a rate equal to 15% per annum (compounded semi-annually).
     “ Preferred Equity Return Account ” means, for each Member, the cumulative accrued Preferred Equity Return of that Member less all amounts distributed by the Company to that Member in payment thereof pursuant to Section 4.2(c).
     “ Preferred Interest ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.1(a)(2) herein.
     “ Proffered Interest ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.2(a)(i) herein.
     “ Prime Rate ” shall mean the rate of interest published from time to time by The Wall Street Journal , as the “prime rate.”
     “ PRISA III ” shall have the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph herein.
     “ PRISA III REIT ” means PRISA III Fund REIT, Inc., a real estate investment trust, or REIT, that has an ownership interest in PRISA III.
     “ PRISA III Representative ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.2 herein.
     “ Profits ” and “ Losses ” shall mean for each Company Year or other period, an amount equal to the Company’s taxable income or loss for such Company Year or period, determined in accordance with Code § 703(a) (for this purpose, all items of income, gain, loss or deduction required to be stated separately pursuant to Code § 703(a)(1) shall be included in taxable income or loss), with the following adjustments:
     (i) Any income of the Company that is exempt from federal income tax or excluded from federal gross income and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses pursuant to this definition shall be added to such taxable income or loss;
     (ii) Any expenditures of the Company described in Code § 705(a)(2)(B) or treated as Code § 705(a)(2)(B) expenditures pursuant to Regulation § 1.704-1 1(b)(2)(iv)(i), and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses pursuant to this definition, shall be subtracted from such taxable income or loss;
     (iii) In the event the Gross Asset Value of any Company Asset is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Agreement in accordance with the definition of Gross

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Asset Value, the amount of such adjustment shall be taken into account as gain or loss from the disposition of such asset for purposes of computing Profits or Losses;
     (iv) Gain or loss resulting from any disposition of any Company Asset with respect to which gain or loss is recognized for federal income tax purposes shall be computed by reference to the Gross Asset Value of the property disposed of, notwithstanding that the adjusted tax basis of such asset differs from its Gross Asset Value;
     (v) In lieu of the depreciation, amortization, and other cost recovery deductions taken into account in computing such taxable income or loss, there shall be taken into account Depreciation for such Company Year or other period, computed in accordance with the definition of Depreciation;
     (vi) To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any asset pursuant to Code § 734(b) is required, pursuant to Regulation § 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(4), to be taken into account in determining Capital Account balances as a result of a distribution other than in liquidation of a Member’s interest in the Company, the amount of such adjustment shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or an item of loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis) from the disposition of such asset and shall be taken into account for purposes of computing Profits or Losses;
     (vii) Notwithstanding any other provision herein, any items which are specially allocated pursuant to Section 4.3(b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) and (k) shall not be taken into account in computing Profits or Losses and the allocation of Profits or Losses and specially allocated items to a Member shall be treated as an allocation to such Member of the same share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction and Code § 705(a)(2)(B) expenditure that has been taken into account in computing Profits and Losses; and
     Profits and Losses shall be further determined and adjusted in accordance with the Regulations issued under § 704 of the Code.
     “ Proprietary Information ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(a) herein.
     “ Qualified Property Manager” shall mean a nationally recognized hotel property manager (i) with at least 8,000 rooms under management in hotels comparable to the Investments, (ii) that is not an Affiliate of Ashford or Remington, and (iii) which qualifies as an “eligible independent contractor” for purposes of Code Section 856(d)(9) with respect to PRISA III REIT and Ashford REIT.
     “ Regulations ” shall mean the Income Tax Regulations of the IRS as such Regulations may be amended from time to time (including Temporary Regulations of the IRS). A reference to any Regulation shall be deemed to include any amendatory or successor provision thereto.
     “ Remington ” shall mean Remington Lodging & Hospitality LLC and its Affiliates.
     “ REOC ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.10 herein.

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     “ Required Expenditures ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 herein.
     “ Response Date ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.2 herein.
     “ Retaining Member ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.5(a) herein.
     “ Revised Offer ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.5(c) herein.
     “ Sale Notice ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(a) herein.
     “ Sale Period ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(c) herein.
     “ Sale Price ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(a) herein.
     “ Securities Laws ” shall mean collectively the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act.
     “ Selling Member ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(a) herein.
     “ Subsidiary ” shall mean a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity which is directly or indirectly wholly owned by the Company and which is organized by the Company to, directly or indirectly, acquire, hold and invest in Investments, including the entities depicted on the structure chart attached hereto as Exhibit B .
     “ Tax Matters Member ” shall have the meaning set forth in Code § 6231(a)(7) and described in Section 8.6.
     “ Term ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.5 herein.
     “ Third Party Sale Amount ” means the sum of the amount of cash proposed to be paid in an Offer plus the Cash Value of any non-cash consideration proposed to be paid in such Offer.
     “ Transfer ” shall mean to, directly or indirectly, sell, assign, convey, give, mortgage, transfer, pledge, hypothecate, encumber, grant a security interest in, exchange or otherwise dispose of any beneficial interest or grant any option or warrant with respect to or otherwise transfer any beneficial interest by any means whatsoever, whether voluntary, involuntary, by operation of law or otherwise.
     “ Wells Loan ” shall mean the loan made by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. described on Exhibit E to this Agreement.

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ARTICLE II
ORGANIZATION AND PURPOSE
      Section 2.1 Formation . The Company was formed as a Delaware limited liability company pursuant to the Act on February 18, 2011 by the filing of the Certificate of Formation for the Company with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, and the Members hereby adopt and ratify the Certificate of Formation and all acts taken in connection therewith. The Certificate of Formation shall include all amendments thereto, and additional instruments and amendments thereto, as may from time to time be necessary or appropriate to carry out this Agreement and enable the Company to conduct its business in accordance with applicable laws.
      Section 2.2 Name . The name of the Company is “ PIM Highland Holding LLC .” The Company business may be conducted under any other name or names approved by the Executive Committee, including the name of any Member or any Affiliate thereof.
      Section 2.3 Places of Business . The Company may locate its place or places of business at any place or places as the Executive Committee may from time to time approve. The Company’s initial principal place of business shall be at c/o Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., 14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100, Dallas, Texas 75254. The Company may maintain offices at such other place or places as approved by the Executive Committee.
      Section 2.4 Registered Office and Agent . The name of the Company’s registered agent for service of process shall be Corporation Service Company, and the address of the Company’s registered agent and the address of the Company’s registered office in the State of Delaware shall be Corporation Service Company, 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, Wilmington, Delaware 19808. The registered agent and the registered office of the Company may be changed from time to time by filing the address of the new registered office and/or the name of the new registered agent with the Secretary of the State of the State of Delaware pursuant to the Act.
      Section 2.5 Term . The term of the Agreement (the “ Term ”) commenced on the date hereof and shall continue until terminated in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
      Section 2.6 Purpose . The principal purposes of the Company shall be to acquire, own, administer, service, sell, dispose of, finance, refinance, improve or otherwise deal with the Investments and to do all the things and to take all actions necessary and desirable in connection therewith. The business and purpose of the Company shall be limited to its principal purposes, unless the Members otherwise determines by unanimous approval that the Company shall have the authority to engage in any other lawful business purpose or activity permitted under the Act. Subject to the restrictions set forth above, the Company shall possess and may exercise all of the powers and privileges granted by the Act or which may be exercised by any Person, together with any powers incidental thereto, so far as such powers or privileges are desirable, necessary, suitable or convenient to the conduct, promotion or attainment of the purposes of the Company. In furtherance of these purposes, the Company shall have all powers desirable, necessary, suitable or convenient for the accomplishment thereof.

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      Section 2.7 Member Information . The name, address, Initial Capital Contribution, initial Capital Account and Percentage Interest of each Member is set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto. Exhibit A shall be revised from time to time by the Executive Committee to reflect the withdrawal or admission of Members and the Transfer of Company Interests by Members pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement and to reflect any other change in the name, address or Percentage Interest of a Member or description of the Investments (collectively, the “ Member Information ”).
      Section 2.8 Ownership and Waiver of Partition . All property and interests in property, real or personal, owned by the Company shall be held in the name of the Company and deemed owned by the Company as an entity, and no Member, individually, shall have any ownership of or interest in such property or interests owned by the Company, except as a Member of the Company. Each of the Members irrevocably waives, during the Term and during any period of its liquidation following any dissolution, any right that it may have to seek or maintain any action for partition with respect to any Company assets.
      Section 2.9 Qualifications in Other Jurisdictions . The Executive Committee shall cause the Company to be qualified or registered if and to the extent required under applicable laws of any jurisdiction in which the Company transacts business and shall be authorized to execute, deliver and file or cause the execution, delivery and filing of any certificates and documents necessary to effect such qualification or registration including the appointment of agents for service of process in such jurisdictions.
      Section 2.10 Management of the Company . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, to the extent the underlying Company Assets constitute an investment in real estate that is managed or developed (within the meaning of the Plan Assets Regulation), the Members shall conduct the activities of the Company so as not to disqualify the Operating Partner or any holder of direct or indirect interests in PRISA III as a “real estate operating company” (“ REOC ”) within the meaning of U.S. Department of Labor Regulations published at 29 C.F.R. § 2510.3-101 (the “ Plan Assets Regulation ”).
ARTICLE III
MEMBERS
      Section 3.1 Members . Each of the parties to this Agreement and each Person admitted as a Member of the Company pursuant to Section 2.7 of this Agreement and in accordance with the Act shall be Members of the Company until they cease to be Members in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. Each Member shall have the rights, powers, duties, obligations, preferences and privileges set forth in this Agreement. No Member (solely in its capacity as such) shall have any authority to bind the Company except as permitted by this Agreement.
      Section 3.2 Voting Rights of Members . The Members shall have no other voting or approval rights as to any matter except as expressly provided by this Agreement.
      Section 3.3 No Liability to the Members or the Company .

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          (a) Except as otherwise required by law or the provisions of this Agreement, none of Ashford, PRISA III or any Affiliate of any of the foregoing, nor any of the Company’s current or former Affiliates, officers or agents, if any, shall be liable to the Company, any Subsidiary or to each other for any debts, liabilities or obligations of the Company, whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise, or for any action taken, or omitted to be taken, in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the Company and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, for any action taken, or omitted to be taken, with no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful, in each case except to the extent of the applicable party’s adjudicated fraud, gross negligence, willful misconduct, criminal conduct (unless there was no reasonable cause to believe the criminal action taken or omitted was unlawful) or to the extent such action taken or omitted to be taken constitutes a material breach of any provision of this Agreement or other contract between such party and the Company. Except as expressly set forth herein, none of Ashford, PRISA III or any Affiliate of any of the foregoing shall have to make any contributions or deliver any letters of credit, guaranties or other tangible property to the Company or any Subsidiary. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to make Ashford or PRISA III liable for any losses or debts of the Company, except to the extent of losses of their respective Capital Contributions to the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
          (b) No Affiliate or partner or member of Ashford or PRISA III shall have personal liability for the obligations of such person hereunder or otherwise, except as provided herein or under applicable law or in a written agreement (including this Agreement), the parties to which include such Affiliate or partner or member.
          (c) Nothing in this Agreement, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in this Section 3.3, expressed or implied, is intended or shall be construed to give to any creditor of the Company or any Subsidiary or to any creditor of Ashford or PRISA III or any creditor of any other Person whatsoever, other than Ashford, PRISA III and the Company, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any covenant, condition or provisions herein contained, and such provisions are and shall be held to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of Ashford, PRISA III and the Company.
          (d) In accordance with the Act, a member of a limited liability company may, under certain circumstances, be required to return to the Company for the benefit of Company creditors amounts previously distributed to it as a return of capital. It is the intent of the Members that a distribution to any Member be deemed a compromise within the meaning of Section 18-502(b) of the Act and not a return or withdrawal of capital, even if such distribution represents, for income tax purposes or otherwise (in full or in part), a distribution of capital, and no Member shall be obligated to pay any such amount to or for the account of the Company or any creditor of the Company, except as provided in this Section 3.3. However, if any court of competent jurisdiction holds that, notwithstanding the provisions of this Agreement, any Member is obligated to make any such payment, such obligation shall be the obligation of such Member.
      Section 3.4 Other Business Activities of PRISA III . PRISA III and its Affiliates may have other business interests and may engage in other business ventures of any nature or description whatsoever, whether presently existing or hereafter created, including, the

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acquisition, development, ownership, administration, servicing, leasing, management, operation, franchising, syndication, financing, refinancing and/or sale of real estate or real estate related investments and may compete, directly or indirectly, with the business of the Company or any Subsidiary or any Members thereof. None of PRISA III or its Affiliates shall incur any liability to the Company, Ashford, any Subsidiary or any of its members or their Affiliates as a result of the pursuit by PRISA III or any of its Affiliates of such other real estate, business interests or ventures and competitive activity, and neither the Company, nor Ashford, nor any Subsidiary, nor any of its Members nor their Affiliates shall have any right to participate in such other real estate holdings, business interests or ventures or to receive or share in any income derived therefrom except as provided herein.
      Section 3.5 Other Business Activities of Ashford . Ashford and its Affiliates may have other business interests and may engage in other business ventures of any nature or description whatsoever, whether presently existing or hereafter created, including, the acquisition, development, ownership, administration, servicing, leasing, management, operation, franchising, syndication, financing, refinancing and/or sale of real estate or real estate related investments and may compete, directly or indirectly, with the business of the Company or any Subsidiary or any Members thereof. None of Ashford or its Affiliates shall incur any liability to the Company, PRISA III, any Subsidiary or any of its members or their Affiliates as a result of the pursuit by Ashford or any of its Affiliates of such other real estate, business interests or ventures and competitive activity, and neither the Company, nor PRISA III, nor any Subsidiary nor any of its Members nor their Affiliates shall have any right to participate in such other real estate holdings, business interests or ventures or to receive or share in any income derived therefrom except as provided herein.
ARTICLE IV
DISTRIBUTIONS/ALLOCATIONS
      Section 4.1 Percentage Interests in Company . The percentage interest of the respective Members in the Company initially shall be:
          (a) PRISA III: 28.26%
          (b) Ashford: 71.74%
     The percentage interest of each Member, which is subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of Section 5.4, shall be set forth on Exhibit A , and is hereinafter called such Member’s “ Percentage Interest .”
      Section 4.2 Distributions . Subject to the set off rights contained in the Indemnity and Contribution Agreement, unless the Executive Committee decides otherwise, the Cash Flow for each calendar month shall be distributed to the Members on or before the 25th day of the next succeeding calendar month in the following order of priority:
          (a) first, to the Members parri passu , in accordance with their Default Capital Contribution Preferred Return Accounts in payment of their Default Capital Contribution

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Preferred Returns until their Default Capital Contribution Preferred Return Accounts have been reduced to zero;
          (b) next, to the Members parri passu , in accordance with their Default Capital Contribution Accounts in payment of their Default Capital Contributions until their Default Capital Contribution Accounts have been reduced to zero;
          (c) next, to the Members parri passu , in accordance with the balances in their Preferred Equity Return Accounts in payment of their Preferred Equity Returns until their Preferred Equity Return Accounts have been reduced to zero;
          (d) next, to the Members parri passu , in accordance with the balances in their Preferred Equity Accounts in payment of their Preferred Equity Contributions until their Preferred Equity Accounts have been reduced to zero;
          (e) next, to the Members parri passu , in accordance with their Percentage Interests until Hypothetical Investor would have received a 15% IRR had the distributions pursuant to this Section 4.2(e) been made to Members and Hypothetical Member in accordance with the Hypothetical Percentage Interests;
          (f) next, until Hypothetical Investor would have received a 20% IRR, to the Members parri passu , in accordance with their Hypothetical Percentage Interests, except that the amount representing distributions to Hypothetical Investor shall be paid as follows:
               (i) to PRISA III, an amount equal to 15% of the Available Promote Amount; and
               (ii) the remainder to Ashford;
          (g) next, until Hypothetical Investor would have received a 25% IRR, to the Members parri passu , in accordance with their Hypothetical Percentage Interests, except that the amount representing distributions to Hypothetical Investor shall be paid as follows:
               (i) to PRISA III, an amount equal to the 20% of the Available Promote Amount; and
               (ii) the remainder to Ashford;
          (h) next, to the Members parri passu , in accordance with their Hypothetical Percentage Interests, except that the amounts representing distributions to Hypothetical Investor shall be paid as follows:
               (i) to PRISA III, an amount equal to the 25% of the Available Promote Amount; and
               (ii) the remainder to Ashford.
Exhibit I sets forth an example distribution computation pursuant to this Section 4.2.

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      Section 4.3 Allocations .
          (a) Profits and Losses . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Profits and Losses and to the extent necessary, individual items of income, gain or loss or deduction of the Company shall be allocated in a manner such that the Capital Account of each Member after giving effect to the special allocations set forth in Sections 4.3(b) through 4.3(k) is, as nearly as possible, equal (proportionately) to (i) the distributions that would be made pursuant to Section 4.2 if the Company were dissolved, its affairs wound up and its assets sold for cash equal to their Gross Asset Value, all Company liabilities were satisfied (limited with respect to each non recourse liability to the Gross Asset Value of the assets securing such liability) and the net assets of the Company were distributed in accordance with Section 4.2 to the Members immediately after making such allocation, minus (ii) such Member’s share of Company Minimum Gain and Member Minimum Gain, computed immediately prior to the hypothetical sale of assets.
          (b) Minimum Gain Chargeback . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article IV, if there is a net decrease in Company Minimum Gain during any Company Year or other applicable period, then, subject to the exceptions set forth in Regulations § 1.704-2(f)(2), (3), (4) and (5), each Member shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for such Company Year (and, if necessary, subsequent Company Years) in an amount equal to such Member’s share of the net decrease in Company Minimum Gain, as determined in accordance with Regulation § 1.704-2(g). Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Member pursuant thereto. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Regulation § 1.704-2(f). This Section 4.3(b) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement in Regulation § 1.704-2(f) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
          (c) Member Minimum Gain Chargeback . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article IV, except Section 4.3(b), if there is a net decrease in Member Minimum Gain attributable to a Member Nonrecourse Debt during any Company Year or other applicable period, then, subject to the exceptions set forth in Regulation § 1.704-2(i)(4), each Member who has a share of the Member Minimum Gain attributable to such Member Nonrecourse Debt, determined in accordance with Regulation § 1.704-2(i)(5) shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for such Company Year (and, if necessary, subsequent Company Years) in an amount equal to such Member’s share of the net decrease in Member Minimum Gain attributable to such Member Nonrecourse Debt, determined in accordance with Regulation § 1.704-2(i)(4). Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Member pursuant thereto. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Regulation § 1.704-2(i)(4). This Section 4.3(c) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement in Regulation § 1.704-2(i)(4) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
     (d)  Qualified Income Offset . Notwithstanding any provision of this Article IV, except Sections 4.3(b) and 4.3(c), in the event any Member receives any adjustments, allocations or distributions described in Regulations §§ 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) or (6), that cause or increase an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit of such Member, items of Company income and gain shall be specially allocated to such Member in an amount and manner sufficient

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to eliminate, to the extent required by the Regulations, the Adjusted Capital Account Deficit of such Member as quickly as possible unless such Adjusted Capital Account Deficit is otherwise eliminated pursuant to Section 4.3(b) and Section 4.3(c). This Section 4.3(d) is intended to comply with the qualified income offset provision of Regulation § 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
          (e) No Excess Deficit . To the extent that any Member has or would have, as a result of an allocation of Loss (or item thereof), an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit, such amount of Loss (or item thereof) shall be allocated to the other Members in accordance with Section 4.3(a), but in a manner which will not produce an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit as to such Members. To the extent such allocation would result in all Members having Adjusted Capital Account Deficits, such Losses shall be allocated in accordance with Section 4.3(a). Any allocations of Loss pursuant to this Section 4.3(e) shall be reversed with a corresponding allocation of Profits in subsequent years.
          (f) Gross Income Allocation . In the event any Member has an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit at the end of any Company Year or other applicable period, such Member shall be specially allocated items of Company gross income and gain in the amount of such Adjusted Capital Account Deficit as quickly as possible; provided, however, that an allocation pursuant to this Section 4.3(f) shall be made only if and to the extent that such Member would have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit after all other allocations provided in this Section 4.3 have been tentatively made as if this Section 4.3(f) were not in this Agreement.
          (g) Member Nonrecourse Deductions . Any Member Nonrecourse Deductions for any Company Year or other applicable period shall be specially allocated to the Member who bears the economic risk of loss with respect to the Member Nonrecourse Debt to which such Member Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with Regulation § 1.704-2(i)(1).
          (h) Nonrecourse Deductions . Any Nonrecourse Deductions shall be allocated among the Members in accordance with their Percentage Interests.
          (i) Code § 754 Adjustments . To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Company Asset pursuant to Code §§ 734(b) or 743(b) is required, pursuant to Regulation § 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m), to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts, the amount of such adjustment to the Capital Accounts shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis) and such gain or loss shall be specially allocated to the Members in a manner consistent with the manner in which their Capital Accounts are required to be adjusted pursuant to such section of the Regulations.
          (j) Allocation of Excess Nonrecourse Liabilities . Solely for the purpose of allocating excess Nonrecourse Liabilities of the Company among the Members in connection with the determination of the Members’ adjusted tax bases for their interests in the Company, in accordance with Code § 752 and the Regulations from time to time promulgated thereunder, the Members agree that each Member’s interest in Company profits equals the Member’s Percentage Interest.

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          (k) Curative Allocations . Any mandatory allocations of items of income, gain, loss or deduction pursuant to Sections 4.3(b) through 4.3(j) above shall be taken into account for the purpose of equitably adjusting subsequent allocations of Profits and Losses and items of income, gain, loss or deduction among the Members so that, to the extent possible, the net allocations, in the aggregate, allocated to each Member pursuant to this Article IV, and the Capital Accounts of each Member, shall as quickly as possible and to the extent possible, be the same as if no mandatory allocations had been made.
      Section 4.4 Other Allocations and Profits .
          (a) For purposes of determining the Profits, Losses or any other items allocable to any period, Profits, Losses and any such other items shall be determined on a daily, monthly or other basis, as determined by the Executive Committee using any permissible method under Code § 706 and the Regulations thereunder.
          (b) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all items of Member income, gain, loss, deduction, and any other allocations not otherwise provided for shall be divided among the Members in the same proportions as they share Profits and Losses, as the case may be, for the Company Year.
          (c) The Members are aware of the income tax consequences of the allocations made by this Article IV and hereby agree to be bound by the provisions thereof in reporting their shares of Company income and loss for income tax purposes.
          (d) To the extent permitted under Regulations § 1.704-2(h)(3), the Company shall treat a distribution of proceeds of a Nonrecourse Liability as a distribution that is not allocable to an increase in Company Minimum Gain.
      Section 4.5 Tax Allocations .
          (a) Except as otherwise provided for in this Section 4.5, for federal income tax purposes, each item of income, gain, loss and deduction shall be allocated among the Members in the same manner as its correlative item of “book” income, gain, loss or deduction is allocated pursuant to Sections 4.3 and 4.4 above.
          (b) In accordance with Code §§ 704(b) and 704(c) and the Regulations thereunder, income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to any property contributed to the Company shall, solely for federal income tax purposes, be allocated among the Members so as to take into account any variation between the adjusted basis of such property to the Company for federal income tax purposes and the initial Gross Asset Value. If the Gross Asset Value of any Company asset is adjusted as described in the definition of Gross Asset Value, subsequent allocations of income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such Company asset shall take into account any variation between the adjusted basis of such Company asset for federal income tax purposes and its Gross Asset Value in the same manner as under Code § 704(c) and the Regulations thereunder. Any elections or other decisions relating to allocations under this Section 4.5(b) (including the selection of the method for making such allocations) will be made by the Executive Committee. Allocations pursuant to this Section 4.5(b) are solely for purposes of federal, state and local taxes and shall not affect, or in any way be taken into account in

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computing, any Member’s Capital Account or share of Profits, Losses, other items or distributions pursuant to any provision of this Agreement.
          (c) Profits and Losses allocable to a Company Interest assigned or reissued during a Company Year shall be allocated to each Person who was the holder of such Company Interest during such Company Year, in proportion to the number of days that each such holder was recognized as the owner of such Company Interest during such Company Year or by an interim closing of the books or in any other proportion permitted by the Code and selected by the Executive Committee in accordance with this Agreement, without regard to the results of the Company operations or the date, amount or recipient of any distributions which may have been made with respect to such Company Interest.
          (d) All items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit allocated to the Members in accordance with the provisions hereof and basis allocations recognized by the Company for federal income tax purposes shall be determined without regard to any election under Code § 754 which may be made by the Company; provided, however, such allocations, once made, shall be adjusted as necessary or appropriate to take into account the adjustments permitted by Code §§ 734 and 743.
          (e) Subject to Section 4.5(b), if any portion of taxable gain recognized from the disposition of property by the Company represents the “recapture” of previously allocated deductions by virtue of the application of Code § 1(h)(1)(D), 1245 or 1250 (“ Recapture Gain ”), such Recapture Gain shall be allocated as follows:
               (i) First, to the Members in proportion to the lesser of each Member’s (A) allocable share of the total taxable gain recognized from the disposition of such property and (B) share of depreciation or amortization with respect to such property (as determined in the manner provided under Regulations §§ 1.1245-1(e)(2) and (3)), until each such Member has been allocated Recapture Gain equal to such lesser amount.
               (ii) Second, the balance of Recapture Gain shall be allocated among the Members whose allocable shares of total taxable gain from the disposition of such property exceed their shares of depreciation or amortization with respect to such property (as determined in the manner provided under Regulations §§ 1.1245-1(e)(2) and (3)), in proportion to their shares of total taxable gain (including Recapture Gain) from the disposition of such property; provided, however, that no Member shall be allocated Recapture Gain under this Section 4.5(e) in excess of the total taxable gain otherwise allocated to such Member from such disposition.
          (f) Unless otherwise required by the Code, any tax credits of the Company shall be allocated among the Members in accordance with their Percentage Interests. Any recapture of tax credits shall be allocated among the Members in the same ratio as the applicable tax credits were allocated to the Members.
      Section 4.6 Withholding . Each Member hereby authorizes the Company to withhold from or pay on behalf of or with respect to such Member any amount of federal, state, local, or foreign taxes that the Executive Committee reasonably determines the Company is or may be required to withhold or pay with respect to any amount distributable or allocable to such Member

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pursuant to this Agreement, including any taxes required to be withheld or paid by the Company pursuant to Code § 1441, 1442, 1445, or 1446. Any amount paid on behalf of or with respect to a Member shall constitute a loan by the Company to such Member, which loan shall be due on demand. In the event that a Member fails to pay any amounts owed to the Company pursuant to this Section 4.6 when due, the Executive Committee may, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect to cause the Company to make the payment on behalf of such defaulting Member, and in such event the Company shall be deemed to have loaned such amount to such defaulting Member and shall succeed to all rights and remedies of the Company as against such defaulting Member. Without limitation, in such event the Company shall have the right to retain distributions that would otherwise be distributable to such defaulting Member until such time as such loan, together with all interest thereon, has been paid in full; and any such distributions so retained by the Company shall be treated as having been distributed to the defaulting Member and immediately paid by the defaulting Member to Company in repayment of such loan. Any amounts payable by a Member hereunder shall bear interest at the lesser of (i) the Prime Rate plus five percent (5%) or (ii) the maximum lawful rate of interest on such obligation, such interest to accrue from the date such amount is due (which shall be fifteen (15) Business Days after written demand) until such amount is paid in full.
      Section 4.7 Code Section 83 Safe Harbor Election.
          (a) By executing this Agreement, each Member authorizes and directs the Company to elect to have the “Safe Harbor” described in the proposed Revenue Procedure set forth in Internal Revenue Service Notice 2005-43 (the “ Notice ”) apply to any interest in the Company transferred to a service provider by the Company on or after the effective date of such Revenue Procedure in connection with services provided to the Company. For purposes of making such Safe Harbor election, Ashford is hereby designated as the “partner who has responsibility for federal income tax reporting” by the Company and, accordingly, execution of such Safe Harbor election by Ashford constitutes execution of a “Safe Harbor Election” in accordance with Section 3.03(1) of the Notice. The Company and each Member agree to comply with all requirements of the Safe Harbor described in the Notice, including the requirement that each Member shall prepare and file all federal income tax returns reporting the income tax effects of each interest in the Company issued by the Company covered by the Safe Harbor in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Notice.
          (b) Each Member authorizes Ashford to amend Section 4.7(a) to the extent necessary to achieve substantially the same tax treatment with respect to any interest in the Company transferred to a service provider by the Company in connection with services provided to the Company as set forth in Section 4 of the Notice (e.g., the reflect changes from the rules set forth in the Notice in subsequent Internal Revenue Service guidance), provided that such amendment is not materially adverse to such Member (as compared with the after-tax consequences that would result if the provisions of the Notice applied to all interests in the Company transferred to a service provider by the Company in connection with services provided to the Company).

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ARTICLE V
CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS
      Section 5.1 Members’ Initial Capital Contributions . Concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, PRISA III is making a Capital Contribution in cash to the Company of Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000.00), and Ashford is making a Capital Contribution in cash to the Company of One Hundred Fifty Million Dollars ($150,000,000.00). In addition, concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, PRISA III and Ashford are making or causing to be made contributions to the Company of the property described in Exhibit A having an agreed Gross Asset Value as set forth on Exhibit A (together with the initial cash Capital Contributions set forth on Exhibit A, the “ Initial Capital Contributions ”). On the date hereof the Members will cause the following to occur: (1) the Company shall form PIM Highland TRS Corporation (“ New TRS ”) as a wholly owned subsidiary; (2) PRISA III and Ashford Hospitality Finance, LP shall cause PIM Ashford Venture I, LLC (owned by PRISA III and Ashford Hospitality Finance, LP) to contribute 100% of the equity interests in PIM Ashford Subsidiary II, LLC (“ M6 Lender ”) to the Company for no additional consideration; (3) Ashford Hospitality Finance, LP shall distribute its ownership interest in PIM Ashford Mezz 4 LLC to Ashford; (4) PRISA III and Ashford shall cause PIM Ashford Mezz 4 LLC (now owned by PRISA III and Ashford) to contribute the Mezz 4 Participation Interest which it owns to the Company in exchange for common and preferred equity interests as set forth in Exhibit A, which common and preferred equity interests shall be immediately distributed to PRISA III and Ashford; (5) PRISA III shall cause Blackjack Mezz 5 PRISA III LLC, the holder of Mezz 5 mezzanine loan to cancel the Mezz 5 mezzanine loan immediately prior to the foreclosure described in step 5; (6) M6 Lender will conduct the foreclosure of the Mezz 5 mezzanine loan and acquire the equity interests in HH Mezz Borrower A-5 LLC, HH Mezz Borrower C-5, LLC, HH Mezz Borrower D-5, LLC, HH Mezz Borrower F-5, LLC and HH Mezz Borrower G-5 LLC (“ M5 Borrower ”); (7) M5 Borrower will dissolve and distribute its equity interests in HH Mezz Borrower A-4 LLC, HH Mezz Borrower C-4, LLC, HH Mezz Borrower D-4, LLC, HH Mezz Borrower F-4, LLC, and HH Mezz Borrower G-4 LLC (“ M4 Borrower ”) to M6 Lender; (8) M6 Lender will dissolve and distribute its equity interests in M4 Borrower to the Company; and (9) the Company will contribute the equity interests in HH Mezz Borrower D-4, LLC and HH Mezz Borrower F-4, LLC to New TRS. After giving effect to all such Initial Capital Contributions, the Capital Account of each Member as of the date of this Agreement shall equal the amount set forth as such for such Member in Exhibit A .
      Section 5.2 Additional Capital Contributions . If any Member believes in its reasonable discretion that the Company needs funding (currently or in the reasonably foreseeable future), in addition to the proceeds of any Approved Loan, Cash Flow and any funds held in any reserve or by a Subsidiary and available for the obligation needing funding, to pay, without penalty or interest, any of the following (each, a “ Required Expenditure ”):
               (i) expenditures that are required to comply with any present or future law, ordinance, order, rule, regulation or requirement, as such may change from time to time, of any Federal, State or municipal government, department, commission, board or officer, or any order, rule or regulation of the National Board of Fire Underwriters or any other body exercising similar functions, or any final order, judgment or decree of any court or governmental authority having jurisdiction;
               (ii) taxes or assessments or insurance premiums with respect to any Company Asset;

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               (iii) expenditures that arise from an emergency situation or any unanticipated event or circumstance that causes an imminent danger of material financial or other loss to the Company; or
               (iv) payments due under any recourse provisions of any Approved Loan creating recourse to the Company;
such Member shall give a Decision Notice to the Executive Committee regarding the need for Additional Capital Contributions. If the Executive Committee does not approve a call for Additional Capital Contributions within fifteen (15) days after receipt of such Decision Notice (unless (i) an emergency exists, in which case said fifteen (15) day period may be shortened by the such Member in its Decision Notice to the extent reasonably necessary and practicable, (ii) a monetary default exists under an Approved Loan, in which case said fifteen (15) day period shall be one (1) Business Day or (iii) a non monetary default exists under an Approved Loan, in which case said 15 day period shall be to one third of the cure period provided for the commencement of the cure of such default under the applicable loan documents), such Member may make a Capital Call for the Required Expenditure.
      Section 5.3 Capital Call Notices . If approved by the Executive Committee or otherwise permitted by Section 5.2, a Member shall make a capital call (“ Capital Call ”) by providing written notice to each Member (each, a “ Capital Call Notice ”) in the manner set forth in this Section 5.3. Each Capital Call Notice shall specify the total amount of the Capital Call and the date (the “ Funding Date ”) that the applicable Additional Capital Contribution shall be funded by the Members, which date shall be no less than three (3) Business Days nor more than five (5) Business Days after the Capital Call Notice is provided to each Member. On the Funding Date, each of the Members shall contribute its Percentage Interest of the total amount of the Capital Call to the Company in immediately available funds by wire transfer to an account specified by Executive Committee.
      Section 5.4 Failure to Fund Capital Contributions . If a Member fails to contribute an amount equal to the entire amount required to be contributed by it within the applicable period specified above after the Capital Call Notice (the “ Failing Member ”), and if the other Member (the “ Non Failing Member ”) makes its proportionate contribution within such applicable period and so notifies the Failing Member, and the Failing Member fails fully to remedy its failure to contribute within five (5) days after the giving of a notice by the Non Failing Member with respect to a failure under this Section 5.4 (the “ Notice of Intention ”), then one or more of the following may occur, at the option and election of the Non Failing Member, which election shall be specified in the Notice of Intention: (i) the Non Failing Member may require the Company to repay immediately to the Non Failing Member the contribution it made pursuant to the applicable Capital Call Notice, together with interest actually earned thereon by the Company until repayment, if any; (ii) the Non Failing Member may, but need not, make an additional contribution to the Company not in excess of the amount the Failing Member failed to contribute pursuant to Section 5.3, in which case the Percentage Interests of the Members shall be adjusted as provided below in this Section 5.4 (the “ Contribution Option ”), (iii) the Non Failing Member may, but need not, make an additional contribution to the Company not in excess of the amount the Failing Member failed to contribute pursuant to Section 5.3 as default capital (a “ Default Capital Contribution ”), or (iv) the Non Failing Member may elect to advance to the

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Company, as a loan to the Failing Member, an amount equal to the amount the Failing Member failed to contribute pursuant to Section 5.3, which loan shall bear interest at an annual rate (compounded semi annually) equal to the highest rate permitted by applicable law in no event to exceed eighteen percent (18%) (a “ Member Loan ”). During the Term, notwithstanding anything to the contrary, a Member Loan shall be repaid with amounts otherwise distributable by the Company to the Failing Member being delivered directly by the Company to the Non Failing Member until such Member Loan and all interest thereon is repaid (which payments will be applied first to accrued interest on the outstanding principal balance of such loan and then outstanding principal balance of such loan) and any amounts so applied shall be treated under this Agreement as having been distributed to the Failing Member. Any such loan shall be recourse to the Failing Member and any outstanding balance following dissolution of the Company shall be immediately due and payable by the Failing Member. A Member Loan may be prepaid at any time or from time to time by a Failing Member. If requested by the Non Failing Member, any Member Loan shall be structured (i) to qualify as a “real estate asset” under Code § 856(c)(5)(B) or, if such Member Loan cannot so qualify, it (A) shall be structured in such manner as the Non Failing Member determines may be necessary or appropriate to prevent any such Member Loan from giving rise to a violation of the requirements of Code § 856(c)(4) with respect to the PRISA III REIT (in the event that the PRISA III is the Non Failing Member) or Ashford (in the event Ashford is the Non Failing Member) or (B) may be transferred to a taxable REIT subsidiary with respect to the PRISA III REIT or Ashford (as applicable), (ii) to generate income qualified under Code §§ 856(c)(2) and 856(c)(3), and (iii) to contain such terms as the Non Failing Member shall reasonably request to cause such Member Loan to be properly treated as indebtedness for federal income tax purposes, and the Failing Member shall cooperate in such structuring and execute all documents reasonably required in connection therewith. If a Non Failing member elects the Contribution Option above, the Percentage Interests of the Members shall be subject to adjustment, as follows:
               (i) The Percentage Interest of each Failing Member shall be reduced by an amount equal to 150% x A/B, where
    = the share of the contribution required of the Failing Member and contributed by the Non Failing Member, and
    = the sum of all unreturned Capital Contributions (other than Preferred Equity Contributions) previously made to the Company after giving effect to the amounts advanced under this section on behalf of the Failing Member; and
               (ii) The Percentage Interest of the Non Failing Member shall be increased by the decrease in a Failing Member’s Percentage Interest.
      Section 5.5 Records to Reflect Capital Contributions and Capital Commitments . The Member Information described in Section 2.7 and set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto shall be revised from time to time by Executive Committee to reflect any change in the Member Information.

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      Section 5.6 Further Capital Contributions . Unless approved by the Executive Committee or otherwise approved in writing or in an amendment to this Agreement by a Member, no Member shall be required to make Capital Contributions other than those it has committed to make hereunder as set forth in Sections 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 and on Exhibit A .
      Section 5.7 Resignations; Withdrawals of Capital . Except upon dissolution of the Company or as may be expressly set forth in this Agreement, no Member shall have the right to withdraw from the Company or demand or receive the return of its Capital Contributions or any part of its Capital Account, and, except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, no Member shall be entitled to receive any interest on its outstanding Capital Account balance or any distribution (including the return of its Capital Contributions) that is not expressly provided for in this Agreement.
      Section 5.8 Restoration of Negative Capital Accounts . No Member shall be obligated to restore any deficit balance in its Capital Account or be personally liable for the return of the Capital Contributions of any other Member, or any portion thereof or return thereon, it being expressly understood that (x) any such return shall be made solely from Company Assets, and (y) a deficit in a Member’s Capital Account shall not constitute a Company Asset.
ARTICLE VI
MANAGEMENT; INDEMNIFICATION
      Section 6.1 Management by the Executive Committee . The Executive Committee shall manage the affairs of the Company and make all decisions with regard thereto, except where the approval of any of the Members is expressly required by a non-waivable provision of applicable law. The Executive Committee shall be responsible for the establishment of policy and operating procedures respecting business affairs of the Company. No action shall be taken, obligations incurred or amounts expended by the Company without the consent of the Executive Committee. This Section 6.1 shall not be construed to prohibit delegations of duties pursuant Section 6.3, Section 6.4, Section 6.9 or as otherwise determined by this Agreement or the Executive Committee. The Company is prohibited from guaranteeing the indebtedness of any other Person without the prior written consent of all of the Members.
      Section 6.2 Executive Committee . The Members hereby establish an executive committee (the “ Executive Committee ”). The Executive Committee shall be comprised of four persons, two of whom will be designated by Ashford (each an “ Ashford Representative ”) and two of whom will be designated by PRISA III (each a “ PRISA III Representative ”, and together with the Ashford Representatives the “ Committee Representatives ”). The initial Ashford Representatives are David Brooks and Douglas Kessler, and the initial PRISA III Representatives are Soultana Reigle and Scott Dalrymple. Decisions of the Executive Committee may be made only with the approval of a majority of the Committee Representatives. Each Member designating representatives on the Executive Committee shall also be entitled to appoint one or more alternates who may serve in the absence of such Member’s Representative. Any Committee Representative or alternate appointed by a Member may be replaced at any time by such Member (with or without cause). Any appointment or replacement (with or without

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cause) of a Committee Representative or an alternate by the applicable Member shall be effective upon written notice of such appointment or replacement given to the Company and the other Members. All Committee Representatives and alternates shall serve for indefinite terms at the pleasure of the appointing Member. No Committee Representative shall receive any compensation from the Company for its services on the Executive Committee. For the avoidance of doubt, a decision may be introduced for consideration and approval of the Executive Committee by any Committee Representative. If a decision must be made, the Member requesting the decision shall give to all Committee Representatives a notice (a “ Decision Notice ”) of the nature of the decision, together with a statement of the proposal as to the decision and all documentation, agreements and other information necessary to enable the Committee Representatives to make the decision. The Decision Notice shall specify the date (the “ Response Date ”) by which the Committee Representatives’ response to the Decision Notice shall be reasonably required under the circumstances (it being agreed that except as otherwise provided herein the Response Date shall not be less than 15 days after the date of the Decision Notice, unless an emergency exists, in which case said 15 day period shall be shortened to the extent reasonably necessary and practicable as determined by the Person delivering the Decision Notice in its reasonable judgment). Upon receipt of written request from any Committee Representative, each Member shall promptly deliver to such Committee Representative such additional information, to the extent the same is within its possession, as it shall reasonably request in order to respond to a Decision Notice. The Committee Representatives shall give written notice of their decision regarding the decision to the Ashford in its role as Administrative Member as promptly as reasonably practicable (but not later than the Response Date). In the event that any Committee Representative fails to respond to a Decision Notice on or prior to the Response Date therefor, such failure to respond shall be deemed a vote against the applicable decision. Approval of a decision must be evidenced by a written instrument, counterparts of which shall be executed by at least those Committee Representatives whose votes were required to approve such decision.
      Section 6.3 Property Management . Concurrently herewith, various subsidiaries of the Company are entering into the property management agreements with Remington or its Affiliates listed on Exhibit D hereto, all of which have been approved by the Members. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, PRISA III shall have sole authority, after reasonable consultation with the Executive Committee, to enforce, on behalf of the Company and the Subsidiaries, any property management agreements between the Company or any Subsidiary, on the one hand, and Remington (or its Affiliates), on the other hand, and to make elections, grant waivers of, exercise termination rights, or otherwise enforce any provisions of such agreements on behalf of the Company and the Subsidiaries that may be required under or with respect to such agreements. If any property management agreement with Remington is terminated and the Committee Representatives cannot agree upon a replacement property manager for the applicable property within fifteen (15) days after the issue is submitted to the Executive Committee, the Ashford Representatives shall submit to the PRISA III Representatives within five (5) days thereafter a list of four Qualified Property Managers from which the PRISA III Representatives shall select a replacement property manager for the affected property within five (5) days thereafter. If the Ashford Representatives do not submit to the PRISA III Representatives within such five (5) day period the list of four Qualified Property Managers, then the PRISA III Representatives promptly shall pick a replacement property manager that is a Qualified Property Manager. If the Ashford Representatives submit to the

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PRISA III Representatives within such five (5) day period the list of four Qualified Property Managers, and the PRISA III Representatives do not then select a replacement property manager from such list within five (5) days thereafter, the Ashford Representatives promptly shall pick a replacement property manager from such list. After selection of a replacement property manager, the Administrative Member shall seek any necessary consent or approval from the applicable lender or lenders of such replacement property manager. If one or more lenders do not consent or approve such selection, then the process for selection and approval of a replacement property manager shall be repeated as to any affected property until a replacement property manager with all necessary lender approvals and consents has been selected for all properties as to which Remington has been terminated. The Members approve amending the Hotel Master Management Agreement of even date herewith between Remington and various Company Subsidiaries to engage Remington on the same terms as in such Hotel Master Management Agreement as a replacement property manager for Courtyard Savannah Historic District hotel and Residence Inn Tampa Downtown hotel, provided that (i) Ashford and Remington obtain all consents required to do so under each of the Approved Loans and otherwise comply with any requirements of the Approved Loans in connection therewith, and (ii) Ashford and Remington obtain all consents required to do so under any License Agreement, any other third party agreement of the Company or its Subsidiaries, or otherwise needed to transfer any licenses or permits necessary for the operation of such hotels.
      Section 6.4 Administrative Member . Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Executive Committee delegates to a Member (the “ Administrative Member ”), who shall initially be Ashford, the responsibility and authority for the day to day administration of the business and affairs of the Company in accordance with the decisions, policies and procedures established by the Executive Committee and the terms of this Agreement. The Executive Committee shall have the right to revoke such delegation of authority at any time in its sole discretion, in which case PRISA III shall become the Administrative Member. PRISA III, acting alone, shall have the right to revoke such authority at any time following the occurrence of a Duty Breach by Ashford, in which case PRISA III shall become the Administrative Member. Each Member when and if it becomes Administrative Member accepts and agrees to perform its duties and undertake its responsibilities set forth in this Agreement and to exercise all commercially reasonable efforts to cause the business of the Company to be operated and managed in accordance with the decisions, policies and procedures established by the Executive Committee and the terms of this Agreement. The Company will reimburse the Administrative Member for its expenditures incurred in connection with the performance of such duties, including reimbursement of (i) all office overhead, in office salaries, telephone, reproduction and other similar costs (except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement), and reasonable travel expenses of its personnel in connection with performing the administrative duties and (ii) third party expenses incurred on behalf of the Company, but not in excess of the amounts set forth in the G&A Budget for such items; provided that the Administrative Member shall be reimbursed for expenditures that arise from an emergency situation, or any unanticipated event or circumstance that causes an imminent danger of material financial or other loss to the Company, without regard to the amounts set forth in the applicable G&A Budget. Upon request of the Member that is not the Administrative Member, the Administrative Member shall provide reasonable supporting verification to the Executive Committee for all expenditures for which any reimbursement is requested.

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      Section 6.5 Affiliate Transactions . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Executive Committee must approve of any contract or understanding between the Company and any Member or Affiliate of any Member in any capacity, including in connection with the business and operations of the Company, and the terms of any such arrangement shall be commercially reasonable and competitive with amounts that would be paid to third parties on an “arms length” basis.
      Section 6.6 Annual Budgets . The Company and each Subsidiary shall operate under an annual Operating Budget, G&A Budget and Capital Expenditure Budget (collectively, the “ Annual Budget ”), each of which shall be prepared on a project by project basis and submitted by the Advisor to the Executive Committee for approval. After the Annual Budgets have been approved, the Advisor shall cause the managers to implement them on behalf of the Company and applicable Subsidiary. With respect to the Company and each Subsidiary, the Advisor shall deliver to the Executive Committee for approval the proposed Annual Budget for each calendar year by November 2 of the preceding calendar year (subject to receiving all required information from property managers other than Remington). Provided that each Committee Representative receives the proposed Annual Budget for each calendar year by November 2 of the preceding calendar year, together with all supporting information necessary for such Committee Representative to review the Annual Budget, the Executive Committee will approve, reject, or provide changes to the Annual Budget by December 1 of the year in which the proposed Annual Budget is submitted to the Executive Committee. By no later than the tenth (10th) Business Day after the Annual Budget is approved by the Executive Committee but no later than required under any applicable loan documents, the Executive Committee shall be authorized to deliver the Annual Budget to each lender of the Approved Loans; provided, however, to the extent the Annual Budget has not yet been approved by the Executive Committee, the Annual Budget to be submitted to the lenders shall be the same as the Annual Budget in effect for the prior year with only those adjustments approved by the Executive Committee or comprising Permitted Adjustments. If an Operating Budget or the G&A Budget for any calendar year has not been approved by January 1 of that year, the Company and applicable Subsidiary shall continue to operate under the Operating Budget or the G&A Budget, as applicable, for the previous year with such adjustments as may be necessary to reflect deletion of non recurring expense items set forth on the previous Operating Budget or G&A Budget, as applicable, expenditures required under any Management Agreement, increased insurance costs, taxes, utility costs, and debt service payments and, in the case of the G&A Budget, increases by a CPI adjustment (collectively, the “ Permitted Adjustments ”); however, no payments or reimbursements to the Members or any of their Affiliates (other than payment of the management fee in accordance with the previous Operating Budget and reimbursements to Ashford, in its capacity as Administrative Member and as the Advisor, in accordance with the previous G&A Budget increased by a CPI adjustment) shall be made by the Company and the Subsidiaries for that year until an Operating Budget or G&A Budget, as applicable, for such year is approved, unless the Executive Committee specifically consents thereto in writing. If a Capital Expenditure Budget for any calendar year has not been approved by January 1 of that year, no capital expenditures (other than deposits into the capital expenditure reserves and Required Expenditures) shall be made by the Company and the Subsidiaries for that year until a Capital Expenditure Budget for such year is approved, unless the Executive Committee specifically consents thereto in writing or such expenditure is required by the applicable licensor.

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      Section 6.7 Meetings of the Executive Committee.
          (a) The Executive Committee shall hold quarterly meetings to discuss such matters regarding Company business as the Members may elect. Any such meeting may be held by phone.
          (b) Special meetings of the Executive Committee to discuss such matters regarding Company business as the Members may elect may be called by any Member at any time upon the delivery of notice to the other Members not less than two (2) Business Days prior to the date of such meeting. Any such meeting may be held by phone.
          (c) Each Executive Committee meeting shall be held at the principal place of business of the Company, unless the Committee Representatives otherwise agree. Attendance of a Person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, unless such Person attends the meeting for the purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. A Person may vote at such meeting by written proxy executed by that Person and delivered to a Member. A proxy shall be revocable unless it is stated to be irrevocable. Any action required or permitted to be taken at such meeting may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and without a vote if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the Committee Representatives that would be necessary to take the action at a meeting at which all Committee Representatives were present and voted. At the request of any Committee Representative, any meeting may take place by means of telephone conference, video conference, or similar communication equipment by means of which all Persons participating therein can hear each other.
      Section 6.8 Compensation.
          (a) Except for expense reimbursements set forth in Section 6.9, no compensatory payment shall be made by the Company to any Member for the services to the Company of such Member or any member, partner or employee of such Member.
          (b) Except as other provided herein, each of the PRISA III and Ashford shall bear their own costs and expenses associated with negotiating and entering into this Agreement.
      Section 6.9 Ashford’s Advisory Duties .
          (a) In its capacity as a Member, Ashford agrees to perform for the Company the duties (“ Duties ”) as set forth on Exhibit H , Section 6.6 and Article VIII and when performing the Duties in such capacity Ashford is referred to as the “ Advisor .” Ashford shall perform such Duties until the earlier of (i) the date Ashford is no longer a Member and (ii) the date Ashford’s role as Advisor is terminated pursuant to Section 6.9(j) or 6.9(k).
          (b) The Advisor shall perform and discharge the Duties under this Section 6.9: (i) in good faith to further the rights, interests, investments and objectives of the Company and in the best interests of the Company; and (ii) in accordance with the requirements of any applicable federal, state or local law or regulation. In performing the Duties, the Advisor may from time to time call upon and utilize various facilities, personnel and support services of one or more Affiliates of the Advisor.

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          (c) The Advisor’s authority for purposes of this Agreement shall be limited as set forth in Section 6.6, Section 6.9 and Article VIII and any increase in scope of the Advisor’s responsibilities and authority shall be pursuant to prior written authorization by the Executive Committee.
          (d) The Executive Committee shall direct the Advisor, for purposes of this Agreement, except as provided in (i) the following sentence, (ii) Section 6.9(j), (iii) Section 6.9(k) and (iv) with respect to certain expense reviews pursuant to the penultimate sentence of Section 6.9(h). Notwithstanding any other provision in this Section 6.9, PRISA III shall have sole authority, after reasonable consultation with the Executive Committee, to enforce or to grant waivers, on behalf of the Company, under this Section 6.9.
          (e) At all times, the Advisor shall keep true, accurate and complete books of accounts and records relating to the performance of the Duties, which shall be accessible for inspection by any Committee Representative at any time during ordinary business hours upon reasonable notice given by such Committee Representative. The Advisor shall also cause all financial reports reasonably required by any Committee Representative to be prepared and distributed to the Executive Committee on a timely basis. If requested by any Committee Representative and at the Company’s cost, the Advisor shall set up a secure website for documentation relating to the Investments in consultation with the Executive Committee. The Advisor shall regularly request from the Executive Committee such information and direction as the Advisor deems necessary to fulfill its responsibilities under this Agreement and the Executive Committee shall provide the same on a timely basis.
          (f) In addition to the Duties, the Advisor shall regularly consult with the Executive Committee and meet with the Executive Committee promptly upon request of any Committee Representative, and shall, at the reasonable request of any Committee Representative: (i) give advice and recommendations regarding the management, operation and improvement of the Investments, and (ii) participate in strategic planning with the Executive Committee, including, in decisions regarding hold and sell strategies for the Company or individual assets. In general, the Advisor shall inform the Executive Committee of any information of which it has knowledge that the Advisor reasonably believes could influence the policies of the Executive Committee with respect to the Investments or are appropriate for the protection of Investments or preservation of their value.
          (g) The Executive Committee shall make available to the Advisor such documents, materials and information regarding the Investments which, in the reasonable professional judgment of the Advisor, are necessary or appropriate for the proper performance of the Duties. The Executive Committee shall provide timely responses to written requests for approvals received from the Advisor. Failure of the Executive Committee to respond to any such written request for approval within seven (7) Business Days after receipt thereof shall be deemed a denial of approval by the Executive Committee.
          (h) The Advisor shall not receive any separate fee for performance of the Duties but shall be reimbursed for expenses as provided in this Section 6.9. The applicable G&A Budget shall set forth an estimate of the categories and amount of expenses that the Advisor anticipates incurring in connection with the performance of the Duties for the period covered by

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the applicable G&A Budget. The Company shall reimburse the Advisor for reasonable and customary expenses incurred by the Advisor and its Affiliates in connection with the performance of the Duties, including, but not limited to, all third party expenses and all office overhead, in-office salaries, telephone, reproduction and similar costs fairly allocable to performance of its duties hereunder, provided, however, that (i) the Advisor must obtain the prior written consent of the Executive Committee either as part of the G&A Budget or otherwise, prior to incurring any expense, and (ii) such reimbursement shall not exceed the maximum amount provided in the applicable G&A Budget unless approved by the Executive Committee; provided further that no prior consent of the Executive Committee shall be required for expenditures that arise from an emergency situation, or any unanticipated event or circumstance that causes an imminent danger of material financial or other loss to the Company. The Advisor shall include any such reimbursable expenses the Advisor (or its Affiliates) incurred in a quarterly invoice together with reasonable supporting documentation for expenditures for which reimbursement is requested. PRISA III may initiate, at PRISA III’s cost, upon reasonable notice and at reasonable times, a review of the books and records of the Advisor relating to reimbursable expenses. Any discrepancies shall be promptly adjusted.
          (i) The Advisor represents and warrants that:
               (i) The Advisor has, and will at all times during which it is the Advisor have, sufficient, experienced and competent personnel directly or through Affiliates perform the Duties.
               (ii) The Advisor holds all licenses and permits necessary to perform the Duties and receive the reimbursements as may be required by applicable laws, rules, regulations and ordinances; and
               (iii) The Advisor shall comply with all laws, rules, regulations and ordinances applicable to performance of the Duties.
          (j) PRISA III may terminate Ashford in its role as the Advisor for cause immediately upon written notice of termination from PRISA III to the Advisor, if any of the following events shall occur:
               (i) If the Advisor (A) commits a material breach of this Section 6.9 or a Duty Breach, (B) neglects or is negligent in the performance of the Duties in any material respect or (C) if any representation or warranty of the Advisor in this Section 6.9 becomes untrue or incorrect in any material respect; provided the Advisor shall have thirty (30) days after written notice from PRISA III to cure any of the foregoing; provided further, that if a failure to satisfy any of clause (A), (B) or (C) can be cured but is not reasonably capable of being cured within such thirty (30) day period, the Advisor shall have such longer period of time as is necessary to cure such breach but in no event in excess of a total of one hundred five (105) days.
               (ii) If the Advisor shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent by a court of competent jurisdiction, or any order shall be made by a court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a receiver, liquidator or trustee of the Advisor or of all or substantially all of its assets by reason of the foregoing, or approving any petition filed against the Advisor for its

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reorganization, and the adjudication or order shall remain in force or unstayed for a period of thirty (30) days; or
               (iii) If the Advisor shall institute proceedings for voluntary bankruptcy or shall file a petition seeking reorganization under the federal bankruptcy laws, or for relief under any law for the relief of debtors, or shall consent to the appointment of a receiver of itself or of all or substantially all its assets, or shall make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or if an involuntary petition shall be filed under the federal bankruptcy laws against the Advisor, unless such petition is set aside or withdrawn or ceases to be in effect within sixty (60) days from the date of such filing.
          (k) Ashford may terminate its role as the Advisor and cease performing the Duties at any time without cause upon six months’ prior written notice to the Executive Committee. If Ashford’s Percentage Interest is reduced to less than 25%, PRISA III may terminate Ashford in its role as the Advisor at any time without cause upon six months’ prior written notice after such reduction in Percentage Interest. In addition to the foregoing, the Executive Committee may terminate Ashford in its role as the Advisor without a termination fee with respect to any individual hotel comprising an Investment concurrently with the sale of such hotel by the Company or its Subsidiary.
          (l) Upon the occurrence of any termination of Ashford as the Advisor, the Company shall reimburse the Advisor for all reimbursable expenses incurred through the effective date of termination, but the Company will not be required to pay any termination fee or other fee to the Advisor.
          (m) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Advisor shall and does hereby fully indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Company, its Members, their partners, Affiliates, officers, employees, agents, representatives, successors and assigns from and against all costs, expenses, claims, damages, liabilities, losses and causes of action, including attorneys’ fees, of any nature, kind or description, and of any person or entity whomsoever (including any governmental agency), relating to or arising out of the bad faith, willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Advisor and its Affiliates and their respective members, shareholders, partners, officers, directors, agents and employees (the “Covered Parties”) in connection with the duties being (or to be) performed under this Section 6.9 or arising out of any breach of this Section 6.9 by the Advisor (or any of the other Covered Parties) or any acts by the Advisor (or any of the other Covered Parties) outside the scope of its authority under this Agreement. The indemnification provisions of this Section 6.9(m) shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement.
          (n) The Advisor agrees to provide its full cooperation (and to cause it Affiliates to provide their full cooperation) with the Company and the Executive Committee and their respective members in connection with any sale of any hotel comprising an Investment. At the request of the Company or any Member, the Advisor shall take such reasonable actions for the benefit of, and use reasonable efforts to provide information relating to the Company, its Subsidiaries, the Advisor, or the hotels comprising an Investment in order to satisfy the due diligence disclosure standard to which the Company or such Member customarily adheres or

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which may be reasonably required in the marketplace by a buyer performing due diligence, including to:
               (i) provide updated financial, budget and other information with respect to each individual hotel comprising an Investment, the Company, the Advisor, and subject to any restrictions contained in a management or franchise agreement, each property manager and franchisor, and provide modifications and/or updates to the market studies, environmental reviews and reports (Phase I reports and, if appropriate, Phase II reports) and engineering reports of each individual hotel comprising an Investment(all of the foregoing being referred to as the “Section 6.9 Provided Information”), together, if customary, with appropriate verification and/or consents of the Section 6.9 Provided Information through letters of auditors or opinions of counsel of independent attorneys; and
               (ii) permit site inspections, appraisals, market studies and other due diligence investigations of each hotel comprising an Investment, as may be reasonably requested by the Company or such Member.
     In addition, as reasonably requested by the Company or such Member, the Advisor shall execute and deliver such certificates and other instruments as are customary for the sale of real estate assets by PRISA III and its Affiliates.
          (o) This Section 6.9 shall not be changed, modified, terminated or discharged in whole or in part except as provided in Section 12.5.
      Section 6.10 Indemnification . Neither (i) the Members, (ii) any Affiliate of the Members, nor (iii) any officer, director, member, partner, shareholder, agent, employee or representative of a Member or such Affiliate (each, an “ Indemnified Person ”), acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary in connection with any business or activity of the Company or any Subsidiary, including acting in the role of the Advisor, shall be liable, responsible or accountable to the Company, to any Subsidiary or to any Member for any loss or damage arising out of or in connection with the management, operation or conduct of affairs of the Company or any Subsidiary, except (i) to the extent caused by reason of bad faith, willful misconduct, fraud, gross negligence, or acting outside the scope of its authority hereunder and (ii) as to any liability arising out of the Indemnity and Contribution Agreement. The Company, to the fullest extent permitted by the Act and other applicable law, shall indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Person, in its capacity as such, from and against any and all claims, obligations, costs, losses, liabilities, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, proceedings, disbursements, expenses (including the reasonable expense of defending, investigating or preparing to defend, or the cost of any appeal or settlement of, any claim, suit, action or proceeding instituted or threatened and the costs of enforcing its indemnification rights hereunder) or liabilities (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) of any kind or nature whatsoever suffered or sustained by such Indemnified Person by reason of, or in any way relating to or arising out of, or alleged to relate to or arise out of or caused or alleged to have been caused in whole or in part by, any acts performed or omitted to be performed by such Indemnified Person on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary or in furtherance of the interest of the Company or any Subsidiary, except (i) to the extent caused by reason of bad faith, willful misconduct, fraud,

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gross negligence, or acting outside the scope of its authority hereunder and (ii) as to any liability arising out of the Indemnity and Contribution Agreement.
          (a) No claim, action or proceeding, or any appeal therefrom which is subject to the indemnification provisions of Section 6.10 shall be settled by the Company without the consent of the Indemnified Person affected thereby, unless the settlement of such claim, action or proceeding requires solely the payment of money which is fully paid by the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company is also a defendant in any such claim, action, proceeding or appeal, the Company may enter into any settlement for itself without the consent of any other defendant; provided that (i) such settlement does not adversely affect any Indemnified Person and (ii) the Company shall remain liable for the satisfaction of its obligations to the Indemnified Persons in accordance with its obligations under this Agreement.
          (b) To the extent that, at law or in equity, an Indemnified Person has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Company or to the Members, such Indemnified Person acting under this Agreement or otherwise shall not be liable to the Company or to any Member for its good faith reliance on the provisions of this Agreement unless it constitutes bad faith, willful misconduct, fraud, gross negligence, or acting outside the scope of its authority. The provisions of this Agreement, to the extent that they expand or restrict the duties and liabilities of an Indemnified Person otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Members to replace such other duties and liabilities of such Indemnified Person.
          (c) In any action, suit or proceeding against the Company or any Indemnified Person relating to or arising, or alleged to relate to or arise, out of or caused or alleged to have been caused in whole or in part by any action or non action of an Indemnified Person, the Indemnified Persons shall have the right to jointly employ, at the expense of the Company, counsel of the Indemnified Persons’ choice, which counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, in such action, suit or proceeding, provided that if retention of joint counsel by the Indemnified Persons would create a conflict of interest, each group of Indemnified Persons which would not cause such a conflict shall have the right to employ, at the expense of the Company, separate counsel of the Indemnified Persons’ choice, which counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, in such action, suit or proceeding. The satisfaction of the obligations of the Company under this Section 6.10(c) shall be from and limited to the assets of the Company and no Member shall have any personal liability on account thereof.
          (d) The provision of advances of funds from the Company to an Indemnified Person for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action or proceeding is required if requested by any Member or Indemnified Person if (i) such suit, action or proceeding relates to or arises out of, or is alleged to relate to or arise out of or caused or alleged to have been caused in whole or in part by, any action or inaction on the part of the Indemnified Person in the performance of its duties or provision of its services on behalf of the Company; and (ii) the Indemnified Person undertakes to repay any funds advanced pursuant to this Section 6.10(d) in cases in which such Indemnified Person would not be entitled to indemnification under Section 6.10(a). If advances are required under this Section 6.10(d), the Indemnified Person shall furnish the Company with an undertaking as set forth in clause (ii) of this paragraph and shall thereafter have the right to bill the Company for, or otherwise require the Company to pay, at any time and

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from time to time after such Indemnified Person shall become obligated to make payment therefor, any and all reasonable amounts for which such Indemnified Person is entitled to indemnification under Section 6.10 and the Company shall pay the same within thirty (30) days after request for payment. In the event that a determination is made by a court of competent jurisdiction or an arbitrator that the Company is not so obligated in respect of any amount paid by it to a particular Indemnified Person, such Indemnified Person will refund such amount within sixty (60) days of such determination, and in the event that a determination by a court of competent jurisdiction or an arbitrator is made that the Company is so obligated in respect to any amount not paid by the Company to a particular Indemnified Person, the Company will pay such amount to such Indemnified Person within thirty (30) days of such final determination, in either case together with interest at the Prime Rate plus two percent (2%) from the date paid until repaid or the date it was obligated to be paid until the date actually paid.
          (e) Each Member (for purposes of this clause (e), the “ First Member ”) shall, severally and not jointly, indemnify and hold harmless the Company and each other Member and its respective officers, directors, members, partners, shareholders and agents from and against any and all claims, obligations, costs, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, proceedings, disbursements, expenses (including the expense of defending, investigating or preparing to defend, or the cost of any appeal or settlement of any claim, suit, action or proceeding instituted or threatened and the costs of enforcing its indemnification rights hereunder) or liabilities (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) suffered or sustained by the Company or any other Member to the extent caused by reason of bad faith, willful misconduct, fraud, gross negligence, and acting outside the scope of its authority hereunder. In any such action, suit or proceeding against the Company or any other Member, the Company and each such other Member shall have the right to jointly employ, at the expense of the First Member, counsel of the First Member’s choice, which counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company and each such other Member, in such action, suit or proceeding, provided that if retention of joint counsel by the Company and each such other Member would create a conflict of interest, the Company and each group of other Members which would not cause such a conflict shall have the right to employ, at the expense of the First Member, separate counsel of the First Member’s choice, which counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company and each such other Member, in such action, suit or proceeding, and provided , further that such counsel is acceptable to internal counsel of PRISA III, in its reasonable discretion, if PRISA III is an Indemnified Person.
          (f) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, (i) the Members and the Company each waive any and all rights to allege or claim any punitive, special, speculative and/or consequential damages and (ii) the term “Indemnified Person” shall not include Remington or any officer, director, member, partner, shareholder, agent, employee or representative of Remington.
      Section 6.11 Consulting Agreement . PRISA III intends to enter into a Consulting Agreement with a consultant (“ Consultant ”) to provide certain hotel consulting services to the Company. The Members agree to provide the Consultant and any replacement therefor that may be selected by PRISA III access to the properties of the Company and its Subsidiaries and all reports and other information related thereto that the Consultant may require to perform its consulting services, and PRISA III agrees to bear all costs and expenses for any such Consultant.

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ARTICLE VII
TRANSFER RIGHTS OF MEMBERS
      Section 7.1 Transfers . (a) Except as expressly provided in this Article VII, no Member, or any assignee or successor in interest of a Member, may Transfer or permit the Transfer of, all or any portion of its Company Interest, or in any loans, including Default Capital Contributions, made by it to the Company, or in all or any part of the assets of the Company, directly or indirectly, whether by operation of law or otherwise without the prior written consent of the other Member (which consent may be given or withheld in the other Member’s sole and absolute discretion). A Transfer shall be deemed to have occurred with respect to a Member’s Company Interest upon any Transfer of any direct or indirect interest in that Member. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement and for the limited purpose described herein, no Member shall have the right to Transfer less than all of its Entire Interest. Any purported Transfer of all or any portion of a Member’s Company Interest or any loans, including Default Capital Contributions, made by it to the Company not otherwise expressly permitted by this Article VII shall be null and void and of no force or effect whatsoever. Except upon a Transfer of an Entire Interest by a Member in accordance with and as permitted by this Agreement, no Member may resign or withdraw from the Company before the dissolution and winding up of the Company. Notwithstanding any provision in the Act to the contrary, including Section 18-604 of the Act, upon a resignation or withdrawal of a Member from the Company, whether in accordance with this Agreement or in violation of this Agreement, such Member shall not be entitled to any payment or any distribution except as specifically provided in this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following Transfers are permitted without the consent of the other Member (each, a “ Permitted Transfer ”):
               (1) any Transfer of a Member’s entire Company Interest and all unpaid Member Loans made by such Member (collectively, such Member’s “ Entire Interest ”), excluding any Preferred Interest or Economic Interest previously Transferred (for the avoidance of doubt and without impacting the provisions of Section 7.1(b), a Member’s Entire Interest includes all of such Member’s Preferred Interest not previously transferred), (i) to an Affiliate of such Member or (ii) to an Institutional Investor in connection with any corporate merger, acquisition or other combination involving such Member or the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets; and
               (2) without any right to be admitted a Member of the Company pursuant to this Agreement or the Act, any Transfer to an Institutional Investor of a Member’s rights to receive distributions of Cash Flow pursuant to Sections 4.2(c) and 4.2(d) (the Member’s “ Preferred Interest ”), provided that the transferee of the Preferred Interest Transferred and such transferred Preferred Interest shall continue to be subject to the right of the other Member to purchase such Preferred Interest pursuant to Section 7.1(b) in the event of a sale of the Transferring Member’s remaining Entire Interest;
provided that notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, without the prior written consent of the other Member, no Member shall have any right to mortgage, pledge, hypothecate, encumber, or grant a security interest in all or any portion of such Member’s Company Interest

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and even with receipt of such consent all Transfers shall be subject to the third party consent requirements of Section 7.6.
No Transfers of any interest in PRISA III REIT, Operating Partner, PRISA III Fund LP, Ashford REIT or Ashford (and its partners) shall be restricted in any way. Further, if necessary or desirable for or to any Member for purposes described in Article XIII, each Member will cooperate in all reasonable respects with respect to the structuring of the acquisition of any Investment, including, by structuring the acquisition of such Investment in a manner that would allow each Member to invest through one (1) or more taxable REIT subsidiaries, so long as such structuring does not adversely affect the economic terms intended to be provided the Members under this Agreement.
          (b) If a Preferred Interest has been Transferred by a Member (“ Transferring Member ”) pursuant to Section 7.1(a)(2), and then there is a Transfer by the Transferring Member of its remaining Entire Interest to another Member, then at any time after the first anniversary of the Transfer of the Preferred Interest by the Transferring Member the Member acquiring the Entire Interest of the Transferring Member shall have the right to purchase such Preferred Interest for a cash payment equal to the sum, as of the date of payment, of the outstanding balance of the Preferred Equity Account and Preferred Equity Return Account allocable to such Preferred Interest. For avoidance of doubt this Section 7.1 shall not limit the distribution of Cash Flow pursuant to Section 4.2 to any Preferred Interest.
      Section 7.2 Sales of Company Interests to Third Parties . Any Member wishing to exercise its rights under this Section 7.2 shall provide the other Member not more than 120 days and not less than 30 days advance written notice prior to initiating an Offer pursuant to this Section 7.2. If any time after the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the date of this Agreement any Member desires to offer for sale either (a) its Entire Interest other than as provided in Section 7.1 or (b) up to 49% of such Member’s Economic Interest, and in each case only to Institutional Investors, prior to commencing formal marketing or sales efforts, such Member (the “ Offeror ”) shall first deliver to the other Member (the “ Offeree ”) a notice signed by the Offeror setting forth all the material terms of the offer (the “ Offer ”), including the conditions to closing and a statement of the cash value, as reasonably determined by the Offeror, of any non-cash consideration to be delivered in connection with such Offer (the “ Cash Value ”).
          (a) In such event, the Offeree may, within thirty (30) days after receiving a copy of the Offer from the Offeror, either:
               (i) notify the Offeror of the Offeree’s intent to purchase the Offeror’s Entire Interest or applicable portion of the Economic Interest, as applicable, (the “ Proffered Interest ”) upon the terms and conditions, including any seller financing, contained in the Offer, except as to date and place of closing and as otherwise provided below in this item (i). If the Offer proposes consideration that is in whole or in part other than cash, the Offeree shall be entitled to purchase the Proffered Interest for the same consideration less, in the case of a sale of the Entire Interest, any Member Loans (and interest thereon), held by Offeree. Notice of election to purchase the Offeror’s Proffered Interest shall be addressed to the Offeror and shall provide for the consummation of the transaction on the date set forth in the notice of election, which date shall be not more than thirty (30) days after receipt by the Offeror of the Offeree’s notice of

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election to purchase. Such notice shall also set forth the date and place of closing, which shall be in the offices of the seller’s counsel set forth herein, during usual business hours and such notice shall be accompanied by a deposit in an amount equal to ten percent (10%) of the Third Party Sale Amount (including the Cash Value of non-cash consideration) which amount shall be non-refundable except in the event of any default by the Offeror or a failure by the Offeror to satisfy the conditions to closing set forth herein or described in the Offer. If the Offeree elects to purchase the Offeror’s Proffered Interest in accordance with this Section 7.2(a)(i), then the Offeror shall be obligated to sell and transfer its Proffered Interest to the Offeree in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Offer and notice of election provided for in this Section 7.2(a)(i); provided that the closing date may be extended by not more than thirty (30) days if all third party releases and consents required for the Transfer have not been obtained after reasonable efforts; or
               (ii) notify the Offeror that it has no objection to the Offeror selling the Proffered Interest to an Institutional Investor pursuant to the Offer, in which event the Offeror may sell the Proffered Interest to an Institutional Investor upon the same terms and conditions contained in the Offer (provided, that the Offeror may sell the Proffered Interest at a price equal to or in excess of 95% of the price set forth in the Offer), subject to compliance with the provisions of the remainder of this Article VII. The Offeror must complete any such assignment within one hundred eighty (180) days after the expiration of the Offeree’s thirty (30) day election period. In connection with the sale of the Proffered Interest by the Offeror, the Offeree and its Affiliates shall promptly cooperate in all manners reasonably required in order for the Offeror to promptly and efficiently complete such sale, including, in the same manner as is required of the Hold Member with respect to the Portfolio pursuant to Section 7.4(f) below.
If the Offeree shall not have given written notice to the Offeror, as described in subsections (i) or (ii) above, within such 30-day period, it shall be deemed to have exercised the option provided in subsection (ii) above.
               (iii) Any sale of an Economic Interest must provide that such Economic Interest is subject to the right of first offer provisions of this Section 7.2, the buy/sell provisions of Section 7.3 in the event of a subsequent sale of an Entire Interest and the right of first offer provisions of Section 7.4. For avoidance of doubt, any offer to a Member of an Entire Interest includes any and all Economic Interests previously Transferred by the Offeror; and, any Preferred Interests previously Transferred by the Offeror shall be subject to Section 7.1(b).
          (b) Whether or not any transaction contemplated by the foregoing provisions of this Section 7.2 is consummated pursuant to the provisions of the Offer, all the provisions of this Section 7.2 shall apply to any subsequent offer or offers to purchase all or any portion of a Member’s Company Interest, except as provided in Section 7.1. If any new Member is admitted pursuant to this Section 7.2, then such new Member may not exercise any rights to initiate a “buy/sell” procedure pursuant to Section 7.3 or to initiate the provisions of Section 7.4 for a period of twelve (12) months.
          (c) From and after receipt by the Offeree of a copy of the Offer from the Offeror related to the sale of a Proffered Interest and until the earlier of (i) closing of any transfer of a Proffered Interest pursuant to this Section 7.2 and (ii) ninety (90) days following receipt by

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the Offeree of a copy of the Offer from the Offeror, Ashford’s and PRISA III’s rights to initiate a “buy/sell” procedure pursuant to Section 7.3 and to initiate the provisions of Section 7.4 and Section 7.5 shall be suspended.
      Section 7.3 Buy/Sell: Sale of Entire Interest to Other Member . Either Member may commence a “buy/sell” procedure with respect to its respective Entire Interest in accordance with the following provisions:
          (a) At any time (i) after the third (3rd) anniversary of this Agreement or (ii) after the second (2nd) anniversary of this Agreement, the Executive Committee is unable to agree upon a decision for more than thirty (30) days following delivery of written notice from any Committee Representative to all of the other Committee Representatives stating that a deadlock exists, either Member, as the Buy/Sell Initiator, may give the other Member, as the Buy/Sell Receiving Member, a Buy/Sell Notice, in accordance with the following provisions, provided that notwithstanding the foregoing in the event a new Member is admitted in addition to the restrictions in clause (i) and clause (ii), such new Member may not deliver a Buy/Sell Notice until after the first (1st) anniversary of such Member’s admittance as a Member. For the avoidance of doubt, rights pursuant to this Section 7.3 are not assignable by any Member separate and apart from the Member’s Entire Interest..
          (b) The Buy/Sell Selling Price and the Buy/Sell Purchase Price specified in the Buy/Sell Notice shall be the amounts that the Buy/Sell Initiator and the Buy/Sell Receiving Member would receive (taking into account the repayment of Member Loans from distributions) if the Company were to liquidate all of its assets at the Buy/Sell Company Asset Value designated by the Buy/Sell Initiator, and the Company were to dissolve and distribute the proceeds of liquidation (in accordance with the procedures and priorities stated in Article XI) effective as of the date of the Buy/Sell Notice. The calculation of the amounts a Member would receive in exchange for its Entire Interest, if the Company were to dissolve, liquidate its assets and distribute the liquidation proceeds effective as of the date of the Buy/Sell Notice, shall be made by the Independent Accountants (at the Buy/Sell Initiator’s expense) in accordance with the provisions of Article XI; provided , however , that, in making such calculation, it shall be assumed that no reserves are required with respect to contingent liabilities and no deduction from the hypothetical liquidation proceeds shall be made with respect to transfer and other taxes.
          (c) The Buy/Sell Notice must be accompanied by payment of the Buy/Sell Initiator’s Deposit, which shall be paid, subject to the terms of this Agreement, directly to Buy/Sell Receiving Member, or, at the option of Buy/Sell Initiator, to a title insurance company pursuant to escrow instructions which place such amount in escrow pending closing of the buy/sell initiated by the Buy/Sell Notice.
          (d) The Buy/Sell Receiving Member may, on or before the date that is seventy-five (75) days after the date of receipt of the Buy/Sell Notice, either (i) accept the offer to sell the Buy/Sell Receiving Member’s Entire Interest to the Buy/Sell Initiator, or (ii) accept the offer to purchase the Buy/Sell Initiator’s Entire Interest. Any such response shall be by written notice, and if such response is to accept the offer to purchase the Buy/Sell Initiator’s Entire Interest as set forth in clause (ii) above, such response must be accompanied by the deposits set forth in Section 7.3(e) below. If the Buy/Sell Receiving Member fails to respond by

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written notice to the Buy/Sell Notice within such 75-day period, the failure to respond shall be deemed the Buy/Sell Receiving Member’s election to accept the offer of the Buy/Sell Initiator to purchase the Entire Interest of the Buy/Sell Receiving Member in accordance with the Buy/Sell Notice.
          (e) If the Buy/Sell Receiving Member elects to purchase the Buy/Sell Initiator’s Entire Interest, notice of such election shall be accompanied by (i) the return of the Buy/Sell Initiator’s Deposit or an irrevocable instruction letter to the escrow agent to release the Buy/Sell Initiator’s Deposit, and (ii) the Buy/Sell Receiving Member’s Deposit, which shall be paid, subject to the terms of this Agreement, directly to Buy/Sell Initiator, or, at the option of Buy/Sell Receiving Member, to a title insurance company pursuant to escrow instructions which place such amount in escrow pending closing of the buy/sell initiated by the Buy/Sell Notice.
          (f) In connection with the sale of one Member’s Entire Interest to the other Member pursuant to this Section 7.3, except as otherwise provided to the contrary as set forth in this Section 7.3, all of the provisions of Sections 7.6, 7.7 and 7.8 shall be applicable to such sale. Closing of the purchase and sale pursuant to this Section 7.3 shall occur on the date which is not later than sixty (60) days after the Buy/Sell Receiving Member’s notice of election or deemed election pursuant to Section 7.3(b), or at such other time as may be otherwise agreed to in writing by the Buy/Sell Receiving Member and the Buy/Sell Initiator; provided that the closing date may be extended by not more than thirty (30) days if all third party releases and consents required for the Transfer have not been obtained after reasonable efforts. The closing shall occur at the office of selling Member’s counsel, unless otherwise agreed by the Members. The Buy/Sell Initiator’s Deposit or the Buy/Sell Receiving Member’s Deposit, as the case may be, shall be credited against the total purchase price for the Entire Interest being purchased pursuant to this Section 7.3.
          (g) Until the earlier of closing of the sale pursuant to this Section 7.3 or the end of the one hundred eighty (180) day period after the delivery of a Buy/Sell Notice, Ashford’s and PRISA III’s right to sell its Company Interest pursuant to the terms of Section 7.2 and to initiate the procedures of Section 7.4 shall be suspended.
          (h) For avoidance of doubt, the Entire Interest of a Member for purposes of this Section 7.3 includes any and all Economic Interests previously Transferred by such Member; and, any Preferred Interests previously Transferred by such Member shall be subject to Section 7.1(b).
      Section 7.4 Right to Sell Portfolio; Right of First Offer.
          (a) At any time (i) after the third (3rd) anniversary of this Agreement or (ii) provided the distributions from any such sale will result in each Member achieving at least a 20% Internal Rate of Rate on the portion of its Initial Capital Contribution contributed in cash, after the second (2nd) anniversary of this Agreement, either Member (“ Selling Member ”) may send a written notice (“ Sale Notice ”) to the other Member (“ Hold Member ”) that it wishes to sell all of the Investments held by the Company and its Subsidiaries (the “ Portfolio ”), provided that a Sale Notice may be delivered only if the Selling Member has first delivered a written notice not more than 120 days and not less than 30 days before delivery of the Sale Notice that

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the Selling Member intends to deliver a Sale Notice. Such Sale Notice shall specify the price (“ Sale Price ”) at which the Selling Member is willing to sell the Portfolio.
          (b) Within forty-five (45) days after receiving a copy of the Sale Notice, Hold Member shall notify Selling Member in writing (“ Election Notice ”) that either:
               (1) Hold Member elects to purchase the Selling Member’s Company Interest for an amount determined by the Independent Accountants (at the Hold Member’s expense) equal to the amount that Selling Member would receive (taking into account the repayment of Member Loans from distributions) if the Company were to dissolve, liquidate all of its assets at the Sales Price and distribute the liquidation proceeds effective as of the date of the Sale Notice (the “ Interest Purchase Price ”). In such case, the Election Notice shall be accompanied by a non-refundable deposit in the amount of ten percent (10%) of the Interest Purchase Price (the “ Interest Purchase Deposit ”). Hold Member shall thereafter close on the acquisition of the Entire Interest of the Selling Member on a date chosen by Hold Member which shall not be more than seventy-five (75) days nor earlier than twenty (20) days following the date of the Election Notice all in accordance with the terms of Section 7.2 as if Hold Member were the acquiring Member; or
               (2) Hold Member is agreeable to the sale of the Portfolio by the Company to a third party at the price not less than the Sale Price.
Failure of the Hold Member to provide an Election Notice within forty-five (45) days after receipt of a Sale Notice shall be deemed an election to sell the Portfolio to a third party.
          (c) If there is an election or deemed election to sell the Portfolio to a third party, the Executive Committee shall make every reasonable effort to effect a sale of the Portfolio to a third party within six (6) months after such election or deemed election (the “ Sale Period ”), and such assets shall be sold as a single portfolio. The Members and their Affiliates shall not be entitled to bid to purchase the Portfolio pursuant to this Section 7.4(c). The Hold Member and its Affiliates shall promptly cooperate in all manners reasonably required in order for the Selling Member to promptly and efficiently complete such sale, including as provided in Section 7.4(f) below. The Executive Committee shall promptly select a broker with a national reputation for the sale of similar portfolios of hotel properties for the Company to engage for the marketing and sale of the assets. Such broker shall be directed to undertake customary marketing efforts and solicit bids for the purchase of the assets on an all cash, as is basis and such other terms as are customary for the sale of real estate assets as the Executive Committee may reasonably determine. Upon receipt of final bids from prospective third party purchasers, the Selling Member shall select the third party bidder with the highest bid (taking into account all relevant closing costs such as defeasance expenses and transfer taxes), provided that the Selling Member shall not be required to accept a purchase price less than ninety-five percent (95%) of the Sale Price. If the highest bid received during the Sale Period is for a purchase price less than ninety-five percent (95%) of the Sale Price (the “ Alternative Offer ”), which Alternative Offer is acceptable to the Selling Member, then the Selling Member shall give notice to the Hold Member at such time of such Alternative Offer, which notice shall include all of the relevant terms and conditions of such Alternative Offer. The Hold Member shall have the right, for a period of thirty (30) days after its receipt of notice of an Alternative Offer, to elect to purchase

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the Selling Member’s Entire Interest in the manner set forth in Section 7.4(b)(i) and at an Interest Purchase Price based on the purchase price set forth in the Alternative Offer. Any such election notice shall be accompanied by payment to Selling Member of the Interest Purchase Deposit. The Interest Purchase Deposit shall be non-refundable but shall be applicable to the Interest Purchase Price. If the Hold Member shall deliver an election notice together with the Interest Purchase Deposit to the Selling Member during such thirty (30) day period, the purchase and sale pursuant to this Section 7.4(c) shall occur within thirty (30) days after receipt by the Selling Member of the notice of such election. If the Hold Member shall not elect, within such thirty (30) day period, to purchase the Selling Member’s Entire Interest pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 7.4(c), the Selling Member shall have the right to effect a sale of the Portfolio pursuant to the terms of the Alternative Offer. If no sale is completed within the Sale Period, the provisions of this Section 7.4 shall reset and continue.
          (d) From and after the date of any Sale Notice or Alternative Offer and until any such Sale Notice or Alternative Offer is withdrawn (and, if not consummated within the Sale Period, then such Marketing Proposal or Alternative Offer shall be deemed withdrawn) Ashford’s and PRISA III’s right to sell its Entire Interest pursuant to the terms of Section 7.2, to initiate a “buy/sell” procedure pursuant to Section 7.3, and to initiate the sale provisions of Section 7.5 shall be suspended.
          (e) In no event shall the Selling Member be in default or have any liability to the Hold Member or the Company for a failure by a third party to complete any purchase of the Portfolio pursuant to this Section 7.4.
          (f) The Hold Member shall cooperate on a timely basis (and to cause it Affiliates to cooperate on a timely basis) with the Selling Member in connection with any sale of the Portfolio pursuant to this Section 7.4. At the request of the Selling Member, all Members shall cause the Company to take all reasonable actions in support of consummating any Transfer under this Section 7.4, and shall use reasonable efforts to provide information relating to the Company, its Subsidiaries, the Hold Member, or the Investments in order to satisfy the due diligence disclosure standard to which the Selling Member customarily adheres or which may be reasonably required in the marketplace by a buyer performing due diligence, including to:
               (i) (a) provide updated financial, budget and other information with respect to each individual property in the Portfolio, the Company, the Hold Member, and subject to any restrictions contained in a management or franchise agreement, each property manager and franchisor, and (b) assist in obtaining modifications and/or updates (to the extent more than 12 months old) to the market studies, environmental reviews and reports (Phase I reports and, if appropriate, Phase II reports) and engineering reports of each individual property comprising the Portfolio (all of the foregoing being referred to as the “ Provided Information ”), together, if customary, with appropriate verification and/or consents of the Provided Information through letters of auditors or opinions of counsel of independent attorneys; and
               (ii) Accommodate and facilitate site inspections, appraisals, market studies and other due diligence investigations of each individual property, as may be reasonably requested by the Selling Member.

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In addition, as reasonably requested by the Selling Member, the Hold Member shall execute and deliver (or, as applicable, authorize the Company and its Subsidiaries to execute and deliver) such sale agreements, conveyance documents, resolutions, certificates and other instruments in form and substance as are customary for the sale of real estate assets.
          (g) With respect to decisions to be made by the Executive Committee relating to or under this Section 7.4, the Committee Representatives shall act promptly and reasonably so as to maximize the value of the Portfolio and to accomplish efficiently a sale of the Portfolio on market terms. The Members hereby agree that any dispute among the Members or Committee Representatives as to how to proceed under this Section 7.4 shall be arbitrated in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, pursuant to 10 Del. C . § 349 and the Rules of the Delaware Court of Chancery. The parties hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Court of Chancery in connection with any action to compel arbitration, in aid of arbitration, or for provisional relief to maintain the status quo or prevent irreparable harm prior to the appointment of the arbitrator. Upon resolution of any such dispute, the losing Member and its Committee Representatives shall lose all rights to participate in decision making regarding the sale of the Portfolio unless and until no sale occurs during the Sale Period and the provisions of this Section 7.4 reset. Each party hereto shall bear its own legal fees and costs in connection with the arbitration; provided , however , that each such party shall pay one-half of the any filing fees, fees and expenses of the arbitrator or similar costs incurred by the parties in connection with the prosecution of the arbitration.
          (h) For avoidance of doubt, the Entire Interest of a Member for purposes of this Section 7.4 includes any and all Economic Interests previously Transferred by such Member; and, any Preferred Interests previously Transferred by such Member shall be subject to Section 7.1(b).
      Section 7.5 Right to Sell Partial Portfolio .
          (a) At any time (i) after the third (3rd) anniversary of this Agreement or (ii) provided the distributions from any such sale will result in each Member achieving at least a 20% Internal Rate of Return on the portion of its Initial Capital Contribution contributed in cash, after the second (2nd) anniversary of this Agreement, either Member (“ Divesting Member ”) may send a written notice (“ Partial Sale Notice ”) to the other Member (“ Retaining Member ”) that it wishes to sell a portion of the Investments held by the Company and its Subsidiaries (the “ Partial Portfolio ”), provided that a Partial Sale Notice may be delivered only if the Divesting Member has first delivered a written notice not more than 120 and not less than 30 days before delivery of the Partial Sale Notice that the Divesting Member intends to deliver a Partial Sale Notice and provided further that in each of clause (i) and clause (ii):
  (1)   Each Approved Loan allows a sale of a Partial Portfolio pursuant to its terms or written lender consent to such sale is obtained by the Divesting Member on behalf of the Company;
 
  (2)   No such sale of a Partial Portfolio shall in any manner require a Capital Call;

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  (3)   The Divesting Member has no outstanding Member Loans as a borrower that are not paid before or in connection with the sale of the Partial Portfolio; and
 
  (4)   The amount of the net proceeds from the Partial Portfolio sale, net of all costs and reserves, shall exceed the amount required to be paid to all lenders under any Approved Loan as a result of such sale, unless the Divesting Member pays such shortfall which shall not be treated as a Capital Contribution; and
 
  (5)   Without Executive Committee approval, not more than three (3) hotels that compromise Investments may be sold pursuant to this Section 7.5 in any 12 calendar month period.
Such Partial Sale Notice shall specify the price (“ Partial Sale Price ”) at which the Divesting Member is willing to sell the Partial Portfolio. Any sale of an Investment securing the Cigna Loan shall not be subject to the time restrictions of clause (i) or clause (ii) in this Section 7.5(a), but shall nevertheless be subject to the remaining portions of this Section 7.5.
          (b) Within forty-five (45) days after receiving a copy of the Partial Sale Notice, Retaining Member shall notify Divesting Member in writing (“ Buy Notice ”) that either:
               (1) Retaining Member elects to purchase the Partial Portfolio for the Partial Sale Price. In such case, the Buy Notice shall be accompanied by a non-refundable deposit in the amount of ten percent (10%) of the Partial Sale Price (the “ Partial Sale Deposit ”). Retaining Member shall thereafter close on the acquisition of the Partial Portfolio on an all cash, as-is basis on a date chosen by Retaining Member which shall not be more than seventy-five (75) days nor earlier than twenty (20) days following the date of the Buy Notice; or
               (2) Retaining Member is agreeable to the sale of the Partial Portfolio by the Company to a third party at the price not less than the Partial Sale Price.
     Failure of the Retaining Member to provide an Election Notice within forty-five (45) days after receipt of a Partial Sale Notice shall be deemed an election to sell the Partial Portfolio to a third party.
          (c) If there is an election or deemed election to sell the Partial Portfolio to a third party, the Executive Committee shall make every reasonable effort to effect a sale of the Partial Portfolio to a third party within 120 days for a Partial Portfolio of three or fewer hotels that comprise Investments and 150 days for a Partial Portfolio of more than three hotels that comprise Investments after such election or deemed election (the “ Partial Sale Period ”). The Members and their Affiliates shall not be entitled to bid to purchase the Partial Portfolio. The Retaining Member and its Affiliates shall promptly cooperate in all manners reasonably required in order for the Divesting Member to promptly and efficiently complete such sale, including in the same manner with respect to the Partial Portfolio as is required of the Hold Member with respect to the Portfolio pursuant to Section 7.4(f) above. The Executive Committee shall promptly select a broker with a national reputation for the sale of similar portfolios of hotel properties for the Company to engage for the marketing and sale of the assets. Such broker shall

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be directed to undertake customary marketing efforts and solicit bids for the purchase of the assets on an all cash, as is basis and such other terms as are customary for the sale of real estate assets as the Executive Committee may reasonably determine. Upon receipt of final bids from prospective third party purchasers, the Executive Committee shall select the third party bidder with the highest bid (taking into account all relevant closing costs such as defeasance expenses and transfer taxes), provided that the Executive Committee shall not be required to accept a purchase price less than ninety-five percent (95%) of the Partial Sale Price. If the highest bid received during the Partial Sale Period is for a purchase price less than ninety-five percent (95%) of the Partial Sale Price (the “ Revised Offer ”), which Revised Offer is acceptable to the Divesting Member, then the Divesting Member shall give notice to the Retaining Member at such time of such Revised Offer, which notice shall include all of the relevant terms and conditions of such Revised Offer. The Retaining Member shall have the right, for a period of thirty (30) days after its receipt of notice of an Revised Offer, to elect to purchase the Partial Portfolio in the manner set forth in Section 7.5(b)(1) and at the purchase price set forth in the Revised Offer. Any such election notice shall be accompanied by payment to Divesting Member of the Partial Sale Deposit. The Partial Sale Deposit shall be non-refundable but shall be applicable to the purchase price set forth in the Revised Offer. If the Retaining Member shall deliver an election notice together with the Partial Sale Deposit to the Divesting Member during such thirty (30) day period, the purchase and sale pursuant to this Section 7.5(c) shall occur within thirty (30) days after receipt by the Divesting Member of the notice of such election. If the Retaining Member shall not elect, within such thirty (30) day period, to purchase the Partial Portfolio pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 7.5(c), the Divesting Member shall have the right to affect a sale of the Partial Portfolio pursuant to the terms of the Revised Offer. If no sale is completed within the Partial Sale Period, the provisions of this Section 7.5 shall reset and continue with respect to the Partial Portfolio.
          (d) In no event shall the Divesting Member be in default or have any liability to the Retaining Member or the Company for a failure by a third party to complete any purchase of the Portfolio pursuant to this Section 7.5. Upon any forfeiture of the Partial Sale Deposit to the Company by the Retaining Member, there shall be a special distribution of the Partial Sale Deposit to the Divesting Member.
          (e) With respect to decisions to be made by the Executive Committee relating to or under this Section 7.5, the Committee Representatives shall act promptly and reasonably so as to maximize the value of the Partial Portfolio and to accomplish efficiently a sale of the Partial Portfolio on market terms. The Members hereby agree that any dispute among the Members or Committee Representatives as to how to proceed under this Section 7.5 shall be arbitrated in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, pursuant to 10 Del. C. § 349 and the Rules of the Delaware Court of Chancery. The parties hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Court of Chancery in connection with any action to compel arbitration, in aid of arbitration, or for provisional relief to maintain the status quo or prevent irreparable harm prior to the appointment of the arbitrator. Upon resolution of any such dispute, the losing Member and its Committee Representatives shall lose all rights to participate in decision making regarding the sale of the Partial Portfolio. Each party hereto shall bear its own legal fees and costs in connection with the arbitration; provided , however , that each such party shall pay one-half of the any filing fees, fees and expenses of the arbitrator or similar costs incurred by the parties in connection with the prosecution of the arbitration.

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      Section 7.6 Assumption by Assignee . Any assignment of an Entire Interest or a Permitted Transfer under Section 7.1(a) in the Company permitted under this Article VII shall be in writing, and shall be an assignment and transfer of all of the assignor’s rights and obligations hereunder, and the assignee shall expressly agree in writing to be bound by all of the terms of this Agreement and assume and agree to perform all of the assignor’s agreements and obligations existing or arising at the time of and subsequent to such assignment. Upon any such permitted assignment of the assignor’s Entire Interest, and after such assumption, the assignor shall be relieved of its agreements and obligations hereunder arising after such assignment and the assignee shall become a Member in place of the assignor. An executed counterpart of each such assignment of an Entire Interest in the Company and assumption of a Member’s obligations shall be delivered to each Member and to the Company. The assignee shall pay all expenses incurred by the Company in admitting the assignee as a Member. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, no permitted assignment shall terminate the Company.
If any direct or indirect interest in the Company is being Transferred to a third party, as a condition to any such Transfer, the Transferring Member shall obtain such consents as may be required from third parties, if any, or waivers thereof. If any party to the No Transfer Agreement attempts a Transfer of any direct or indirect interest in the Company that is in violation of the No Transfer Agreement (whether or not such Transfer is void ab initio), then such party, if such party was a Member, or the Member who is an Affiliate of such party if such party was not a Member (the “ Violating Member ”) shall no longer have the right to exercise any rights otherwise granted to, or retained by, the Violating Member under this Agreement to propose, authorize, approve or consent to any action, decision, agreement or other issue under this Agreement, including those of the Violating Member’s representatives on the Executive Committee set forth in Article VI (and, accordingly, Violating Member shall be deemed to have consented to any action by the other Member); (ii) the other Member shall replace Violating Member in its role, if any, as the Administrative Member and Tax Matters Member, (iii) the other Member may terminate Violating Member in its role, if any, as Advisor, and (iv) Violating Member shall lose all rights to exercise and make elections under Sections 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5 of this Agreement. If an Entire Interest is being assigned to the other Member, as a condition to any such assignment, the assignee Member shall obtain such consents as may be required from third parties, if any, or waivers thereof. Each Member shall use reasonable efforts to cooperate with the other Member in obtaining such consents or waivers. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, in the event any Member is required to assign its Entire Interest to the other Member pursuant to this Article VII, (i) the assignee Member shall concurrently deliver full and unconditional releases of the assigning Member and its Affiliates from all liability under that certain Indemnity and Contribution Agreement, and (ii) the assignee Member shall exercise commercially reasonable efforts to obtain full and unconditional releases (“ Third Party Releases ”) of the assigning Member and its Affiliates from the Joint and Several Documents (as defined in the Indemnity and Contribution Agreement) and all other direct or contingent debts, liabilities, obligations and claims related to the Company and the Subsidiaries for which the assigning Member or its Affiliates may be liable. If any Third Party Release is not available on commercially reasonable terms, the assignee Member shall indemnify and hold the assigning Member and its Affiliates harmless from and against all debts, liabilities and obligations for which for which the missing Third Party Release was being sought. If the Ashford is the assignee Member, Ashford shall provide the indemnity required by the prior sentence. If the

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PRISA III is the assignee Member, PRISA III shall cause Operating Partner to provide the indemnity required by the second prior sentence.
      Section 7.7 Amendment of Certificate of Formation . If an assignment of an Entire Interest in the Company shall take place pursuant to the provisions of this Article VII then unless the Company is dissolved by such assignment, the continuing Member or Members promptly thereafter shall cause to be filed, to the extent necessary, an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Formation with all applicable state authorities, together with any necessary amendments to the fictitious or assumed name(s) of the Company in order to reflect such change or take such similar action as may be required.
      Section 7.8 General Transfer Provisions . All of the subsections of this Section 7.8 shall apply to the sale of one Member’s Entire Interest to the other Member pursuant to this Article VII:
          (a) Purchase Price . In the event of the sale of an Entire Interest, the purchase price to the extent payable in cash shall be paid, at the selling Member’s option, by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account which is designated by the selling Member or by certified check drawn to the order of the selling Member.
          (b) Intentionally Omitted .
          (c) Distributions Prior to Closing . Both Members (including the selling Member) shall be entitled to any distributions of Cash Flow from the Company in accordance with Section 4.2 until the date of closing of the sale of the applicable Entire Interest. The purchasing Member shall receive all distributions of Cash Flow after the closing other than any Cash Flow payable to the holder of a Preferred Interest that has not been acquired.
          (d) Non-Foreign Compliance . At closing the selling Member shall deliver to the purchasing Member a “nonforeign affidavit” as referred to in the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the purchasing Member, together with original counterparts or certified copies of all sales contracts, leases and service contracts affecting the Property.
          (e) Title and Survey . If the purchasing Member desires to receive a new or updated title insurance policy or survey or both, such Member shall pay for same at its own expense.
          (f) Closing Documents . In a sale of an interest in the Company, the selling Member shall execute an assignment of such interest, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and adverse claims, which assignment shall otherwise be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the purchasing Member, and such other instruments as the purchasing Member shall reasonably require to assign the interest of the selling Member to such Person or entity as the purchasing Member may designate. Such documents shall be prepared by the purchasing Member, and closing costs and all other charges required to be paid hereunder in closing the sale [except for attorneys’ fees (each party paying their own) and title insurance costs (to be paid by the purchaser)] shall be prorated between PRISA III and Ashford in the ratio of the Percentage

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Interests of the Members. Stamp, recording, transfer or similar taxes arising in connection with the sale of the interest, if any, shall be paid by the selling Member.
          (g) Remedies (Selling Member Default) . If the selling Member defaults in the observance or performance of its covenants and obligations to sell its Entire Interest hereunder, and such default continues for five (5) days after the date of receipt of written notice from the purchasing Member demanding cure of such default, the purchasing Member shall be entitled either, at the purchasing Member’s option:
               (i) to sue the selling Member for specific performance of this Agreement, provided that if such remedy is not completed, purchasing Member shall have the right to elect to exercise any other remedy option provided hereunder,
               (ii) if specific performance of this Agreement is not available or the selling Member engages in an intentional default hereunder, to sue the selling Member for damages,
               (iii) to waive the current obligation of the selling Member to sell its Entire Interest pursuant to this Agreement and to obtain by payment from the selling Member, or by allocation from the amounts otherwise distributable to the selling Member hereunder, an amount equal to the Buy/Sell Deposit in addition to the return of the Buy/Sell Deposit to the purchasing Member, Interest Purchase Deposit or other earnest money deposit posted by the purchasing Member, the amount of which shall constitute full liquidated damages for such default of the selling Member, the parties hereto acknowledging the difficulty of ascertaining the actual damages in the event of such a default, that it is impossible more precisely to estimate the damages to be suffered by the purchasing Member upon the selling Member’s default, that such payment is intended not as a penalty, but as full liquidated damages and that such amount constitutes a reasonable good faith estimate of the potential damages arising therefrom, it being otherwise difficult or impossible to estimate such actual damages.
In addition, and without regard to any exercise of remedies under this Section 7.8(g), for a period beginning on the date five (5) days after the date of receipt of such written notice from the purchasing Member demanding cure of such default by the selling Member, the selling Member shall no longer have the right to exercise any rights otherwise granted to, or retained by, the selling Member under this Agreement to propose, authorize, approve or consent to any action, decision, agreement or other issue under this Agreement, including those of the selling Member’s representatives on the Executive Committee set forth in Article VI (and, accordingly, selling Member shall be deemed to have consented to any action by the other Member); (ii) purchasing Member shall replace selling Member in its role, if any, as the Administrative Member and Tax Matters Member, (iii) purchasing Member may terminate selling Member in its role, if any, as Advisor, and (iv) selling Member shall lose all rights to exercise and make elections under Sections 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5 of this Agreement.
          (h) Remedies (Purchasing Member Default) . If the purchasing Member defaults in the observance or performance of its covenants and obligations to sell its Entire Interest hereunder, and such default continues for five (5) days after the date of receipt of written

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notice from the selling Member demanding cure of such default, the selling Member shall be entitled either, at the selling Member’s option:
               (i) to acquire from the purchasing Member the Entire Interest of the purchasing Member for a purchase price equal to ninety-five percent (95%) of the purchase price determined, as applicable, based on the Buy/Sell Company Asset Value or Sale Price (or, with respect to a sale of an Entire Interest under Section 7.2, derived from the amount which would constitute the Buy/Sell Company Asset Value by determination of the value of the selling Member’s Entire Interest which such purchasing Member failed to purchase), or
               (ii) to waive the current obligation of the purchasing Member to purchase such Entire Interest pursuant to this Agreement and to obtain, or retain, as applicable, the Buy/Sell Deposit, Interest Purchase Deposit or other earnest money deposit, the amount of which shall constitute full liquidated damages for such default of the purchasing Member, the parties hereto acknowledging the difficulty of ascertaining the actual damages in the event of such a default, that it is impossible more precisely to estimate the damages to be suffered by the selling Member upon the purchasing Member’s default, that such payment is intended not as a penalty, but as full liquidated damages and that such amount constitutes a reasonable good faith estimate of the potential damages arising therefrom, it being otherwise difficult or impossible to estimate such actual damages.
In addition, and without regard to any exercise of remedies under this Section 7.8(h), for a period beginning on the date five (5) days after the date of receipt of such written notice from the selling Member demanding cure of such default by the purchasing Member, the purchasing Member shall no longer have the right to exercise any rights otherwise granted to, or retained by, the purchasing Member under this Agreement to propose, authorize, approve or consent to any action, decision, agreement or other issue under this Agreement, including those of the selling Member’s representatives on the Executive Committee set forth in Article 6 (and, accordingly, purchasing Member shall be deemed to have consented to any action by the other Member); (ii) selling Member shall replace purchasing Member in its role, if any, as the Administrative Member and Tax Matters Member, (iii) selling Member may terminate purchasing Member in its role, if any, as Advisor, and (iv) purchasing Member shall lose all rights to exercise and make elections under Sections 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5 of this Agreement
          (i) Nominee of Purchaser . In the event of the purchase of an interest in the Company of one Member by the other Member, at the option of the purchasing Member, the interest may be transferred to a nominee of the purchasing Member.

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      Section 7.9 Indemnification for Securities Laws Violations.
          (a) Acknowledgement of Securities Laws . Each party hereto acknowledges that (i) any Transfer of a direct or indirect interest in the Company may constitute or involve an offering or sale of securities for purposes of Securities Laws, and (ii) no Transfer of a direct or indirect interest in the Company, or in the Company Interest, may be effected in violation of this Agreement.
          (b) Ashford Liability for Transfers . If Ashford shall Transfer all or any portion of its Company Interest to anyone other than PRISA III pursuant to Article VII, Ashford shall be fully liable and responsible to PRISA III for any and all liability, loss, cost, injury, damage or expense suffered or incurred by PRISA III resulting from violations of any Securities Laws occurring in connection with such transfer; provided , however , that PRISA III shall be responsible and liable to Ashford for any and all liability, loss, cost, injury, damage or expense suffered or incurred by Ashford resulting from any violation or breach of any Securities Laws occurring in connection with such transfer based upon false or misleading information that is furnished in writing by PRISA III in connection with such transfer. Ashford shall indemnify, defend and hold PRISA III and its Affiliates free and harmless for, from and against any and all liability, loss, cost, injury, damage or expense (including attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in the investigation, defense and settlement of the matter) suffered or incurred by reason of any breach by Ashford of its obligations under this Section 7.9(b).
          (c) PRISA III Liability for Transfers . If PRISA III shall transfer all or any portion of its Company Interest to anyone other than Ashford pursuant to Article VII, PRISA III shall be fully liable and responsible to Ashford for any and all liability, loss, cost, injury, damage or expense suffered or incurred by Ashford resulting from violations of any Securities Laws occurring in connection with such transfer; provided , however , that Ashford shall be responsible and liable to PRISA III for any and all liability, loss, cost, injury, damage or expense suffered or incurred by PRISA III resulting from any violation or breach of any Securities Laws incurred in connection with such transfer based upon any false or misleading information which is furnished in writing by Ashford in connection with such transfer by PRISA III. PRISA III shall indemnify, defend and hold Ashford and its Affiliates free and harmless for, from and against any and all liability, loss, cost, injury, damage or expense (including attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in the investigation, defense and settlement of the matter) suffered or incurred by reason of any breach by PRISA III of its obligations under this Section 7.9(c).

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      Section 7.10 Compliance with ERISA and State Statutes on Governmental Plans.
          (a) Not less than thirty (30) days before each transfer or pledge of a direct or indirect interest in Ashford (and no transfer or pledge of a direct or indirect interest in Ashford may be effected in violation of this Agreement), Ashford shall cause the proposed transferee to deliver to PRISA III a certification in substantially the form of Exhibit F attached hereto and made a part hereof; provided that a Transfer of an interest in Ashford REIT or in Ashford shall not be subject to this Section 7.10. In addition:
               (i) If Ashford proposes to sell its Entire Interest pursuant to Article VII, Ashford shall cause the purchaser to deliver to PRISA III a certification in the form set forth in Exhibit F , at the same time that Ashford initially notifies PRISA III of the intended sale.
               (ii) If PRISA III notifies Ashford that Ashford’s sale to the proposed purchaser would be a Plan Violation (with the explanation of the reasons therefor as required by Section 7.10(b)), then Ashford shall not sell its Entire Interest to the proposed purchaser.
               (iii) If PRISA III does not give notice in accordance with Section 7.10(a)(ii), and:
               (1) Ashford sells its Entire Interest to the proposed purchaser, then, at the closing of the sale, (a) Ashford shall cause the proposed purchaser to deliver to PRISA III a certification in substantially the form of Exhibit F , and (b) PRISA III shall deliver to the proposed purchaser a certification in substantially the form of Exhibit G ; or
               (2) Ashford sells its Company Interest to PRISA III, then, at the closing of the sale, (a) Ashford shall deliver to PRISA III a certification in substantially the form of Exhibit F , and (b) PRISA III shall deliver to Ashford a certification in substantially the form of Exhibit G .
          (b) Anything else in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, PRISA III shall have up to thirty (30) days following the receipt by it of a certification by Ashford or a proposed transferee provided for in this Section 7.10 to notify Ashford that it has determined that a proposed transfer by Ashford of its Entire Interest or a proposed transfer of the Investment would result in a Plan Violation. If PRISA III notifies Ashford that any such proposed transaction would constitute a Plan Violation (which notification shall contain an explanation of the reasons for such determination), the proposed transaction shall not be consummated and any attempt to do so shall be void. If, within such 30-day period, PRISA III notifies Ashford that it has determined that no Plan Violation will result from the proposed transaction, or if PRISA III does not deliver any notification to Ashford within such 30-day period, then the proposed transaction may be consummated; provided , however , that such transaction must be consummated no later than (i) the 20th day after the delivery to Ashford by PRISA III of a notice that it has determined that the proposed transaction will not result in a Plan Violation or the expiration of the 30-day period referred to in this Section 7.10, as the case may be, or (ii) if the applicable Section of this Agreement provides for a closing that is later than such 20-day period, the latest day that such Section permits such closing to occur; and provided , further , that, if any certification by Ashford or a proposed transferee contains a material misrepresentation or

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omission, then, in such event, notwithstanding PRISA III’s lack of objection or deemed lack of objection thereto, the proposed transaction shall not be consummated and, if it is consummated, such transaction shall be void, if such transaction would result in a Plan Violation.
          (c) Ashford shall indemnify PRISA III and defend and hold PRISA III harmless from and against all loss, cost, damage and expense that PRISA III may incur, directly or indirectly, as a result of (i) a default by Ashford under the provisions of this Section 7.10, or (ii) a breach of a representation or warranty given by Ashford or any Affiliate of Ashford under this Section 7.10, or (iii) any material misstatement or omission in a certification by Ashford which is given to PRISA III pursuant to this Section 7.10. The loss, cost, damage and expense will include attorney’s fees and costs incurred in the investigation, defense and settlement of claims and losses incurred in
               (i) correcting any Plan Violation,
               (ii) the prohibited sale of a Company interest, or
               (iii) obtaining any individual exemption for a Plan Violation
that may be required, in PRISA III’s sole discretion. This indemnity shall survive (x) the sale of Ashford’s Entire Interest and (y) termination of this Agreement. Ashford shall not be required to indemnify PRISA III pursuant to this subsection (b) if any of PRISA III’s representations and warranties relating to ERISA or Plan Violation are materially false.
          (d) The Company will not enter into any agreements, or suffer any conditions, that PRISA III determines would result in a Plan Violation. At Ashford’s request, PRISA III shall deliver a notice of each such determination to Ashford together with an explanation of the reasons for the determination.
          (e) PRISA III and Ashford will cooperate to discover and correct Plan Violations.
ARTICLE VIII
COMPANY BOOKS AND RECORDS
      Section 8.1 Books, Records, Accounting and Reports.
          (a) Ashford, acting as the Advisor and on behalf of the Company, shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, in a manner customary and consistent with good accounting principles, practices and procedures, a comprehensive system of office records, books and accounts (which records, books and accounts shall be and remain the property of the Company) in which shall be entered fully and accurately each and every financial transaction with respect to the ownership and operation of the property of the Company. Such books and records of account shall be prepared and maintained at the principal place of business of the Company. Such books and records shall be maintained, and income, gain, losses, deductions and credits shall be determined and accounted for, on the accrual basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principals consistently applied (with sufficient supplementary records to permit the

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computation of cash flow on a cash basis). Each Member or its duly authorized representative, upon reasonable prior notice, shall have the right to inspect, examine and copy such books and records of account at the Company’s office during reasonable business hours and to receive other material information about the Company and its operations. A reasonable charge for copying books and records may be charged by the Company. Each Member, upon reasonable prior notice, shall have the right to audit such records and books of account by an accountant of its choice at its expense. Ashford, acting as the Advisor and on behalf of the Company, shall reasonably cooperate with any Member or its agents in connection with any review or audit of the Company or its records and books. Ashford, acting as the Advisor and on behalf of the Company, shall retain all records and books relating to the Company for a period of at least six (6) years after the dissolution of the Company and shall thereafter destroy such records and books only after giving at least thirty (30) days’ advance written notice to the Members.
          (b) The Company and its Subsidiaries shall report their operations for tax purposes on the accrual method.
      Section 8.2 Tax Returns . Ernst & Young LLP or one of the other “big four” accounting firms selected by the Executive Committee (the “ Independent Accountants ”) shall either prepare or review and sign, as requested by the Executive Committee, all federal, state and/or local income tax returns of the Company, including required Schedule K 1s for the Members. Ashford, acting as the Advisor and on behalf of the Company, shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the tax and information returns that the Company may be required to file, to be filed on a timely basis with the appropriate governmental authorities; provided that the Executive Committee shall have provided its approval of all such tax and information returns on a timely basis. The Company shall provide to each Member a copy of each tax return filed by the Company within thirty (30) days of the applicable due date, but in no event later than May 30th of each year for federal returns and June 30th of each year for state and local returns.
      Section 8.3 Reports.
          (a) Ashford, acting as the Advisor and on behalf of the Company, shall cause the preparation of the financial reports and other information provided for herein in such manner as Executive Committee determines appropriate, provided , however , that all such reports shall be prepared in form and substance as required for public reporting. In any event:
               (1) Ashford, acting as the Advisor and on behalf of the Company, shall cause to be prepared and furnished to Executive Committee in draft form within sixty (60) calendar days after the close of each Company Year a balance sheet of the Company dated as of the end of the Company Year, a related statement of income and expense, a statement of cash flow and a statement of changes in Members’ capital for the Company for the Company Year and information for the Company Year as to the balance in each Member’s Capital Account, unpaid balance under all obligations of the Company and all other information reasonably required by each Member, all of which shall be certified by the Chief Financial Officer of Ashford, to the best of his or her knowledge, as being true and correct and all of which shall promptly thereafter be finalized by Ashford upon its receipt of comments from, or the approval of, Executive Committee. If requested by a Member, Ashford shall cause all or any portion of

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the materials to be delivered under this Section to be reviewed and/or audited at such Member’s sole cost and expense, provided that if independent accountants that perform audit services for Ashford and its Affiliates are a “big four” accounting firm, such accountants shall perform the audit.
               (2) Ashford, acting as the Advisor and on behalf of the Company, shall prepare and furnish to each of the Members, within twenty (20) days after the end of February, May, August and November, a balance sheet of the Company dated as of the end of such calendar month, and a related statement of income and expense and a statement of cash flow, each of which shall be unaudited, and a consolidated operations report with respect to such calendar month, in such form as Executive Committee shall reasonably determine, and with variance explanations for line items contained within the comparative income statement that exceed both $25,000 and 10% of such line item in the Operating Budget. Separately, on a monthly basis, Ashford, acting as the Advisor, shall submit a statement of income and expenses on the individual underlying Investments of the Portfolio to the Executive Committee within 30 days after the end of each calendar month.
               (3) Ashford, acting as the Advisor and on behalf of the Company within seventy-five (75) days after the end of each Company Year, shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Independent Accountants to prepare and deliver to each Member a report setting forth in sufficient detail all such information and data with respect to business transactions effected by or involving the Company during the applicable Company Year as shall enable the Company and each Member timely to prepare its federal, state and local income tax returns in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Ashford also shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Independent Accountant to prepare federal, state and local tax returns required of the Company, submit those returns to Executive Committee for its approval no later than thirty (30) calendar days of the applicable due date but in no event later than May 30th of each year for federal returns and June 30th of each year for state and local returns and shall file the tax returns after they have been approved by the Executive Committee. In the event the Executive Committee shall not desire or be able to approve any such tax return prior to the date required for the filing thereof (including any extensions granted), Ashford, acting as the Advisor and on behalf of the Company, or an officer designated by Ashford, shall timely obtain an extension of such date to the extent permitted by the Code.
               (4) Ashford, acting as the Advisor and on behalf of the Company, shall cause each property manager to timely prepare and deliver to the Company and Executive Committee all reports such property manager is required to prepare for the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to the Management Agreements.
          (b) All other decisions as to accounting principles shall be made by the Executive Committee, subject to the provisions of this Agreement.
      Section 8.4 Bank Accounts . All funds of the Company shall be deposited in its name in an account or accounts maintained with a bank or other financial institution selected by the Executive Committee. Funds of the Company shall not be commingled with funds of any other Person. Checks and wire transfers shall be drawn upon the Company’s account or accounts only

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for the purposes of the Company and shall be signed by duly authorized representatives of the Company.
      Section 8.5 Tax Elections . Any and all federal, state or local tax elections for the Company shall be made by the Executive Committee in its reasonable discretion. In making such elections, the Executive Committee shall take into account tax matters with respect to the Company that would adversely affect a Member and shall use its good faith efforts to consult with such Member and to make elections that have the least adverse effect on that Member, provided that such election(s) do not have a material adverse effect on the Company or any other Member.
      Section 8.6 Tax Matters Member . Ashford shall be the “ Tax Matters Member ” of the Company within the meaning of Code § 6231(a)(7) and in any similar capacity under applicable state or local law and shall have all of the power and responsibilities of such position as provided in the Code, provided that PRISA III, at its sole option, can request that an Agreed Upon Procedures Engagement/Review be performed at the cost of the Company. Additionally, any reasonable expenses incurred by Ashford, on behalf of the Members, while acting as Tax Matters Partner shall be paid or reimbursed by the Company. The Tax Matters Member shall not take any actions other than ministerial actions without the consent of the Executive Committee.
ARTICLE IX
COVENANTS
      Section 9.1 Preservation of Company’s Existence and Compliance with Laws and Regulations . The Members shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be done all things necessary to preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect and good standing the Company’s existence, rights, licenses, permits and franchise, and shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Company to comply in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations.
      Section 9.2 Confidentiality.
          (a) General . It is expected that the Members and the Company will disclose to each other during the Term certain information which is confidential or proprietary and which may include technology, products, trade secrets, processes, programs, technical know how, customers, distributors, costs, pricing, business operations and other business information (“ Proprietary Information ”). All Proprietary Information owned solely by one party or by the Company and disclosed to any other party shall remain solely the property of the disclosing party or the Company, and its confidentiality shall be maintained and protected by the party to whom the information was disclosed with the same degree of care used to protect its own Proprietary Information of a similar nature; provided , however , that client lists, financial and analytical models, processes and procedures utilized or developed by Ashford in connection with the business of the Company or the applicable Subsidiary shall be deemed the property of Ashford, but only to the extent they are different than the client lists, models, processes and procedures currently used by Affiliates of PRISA III. No Proprietary Information owned solely by one party or by the Company shall be used by the other party except in furtherance of the terms and

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provisions of this Agreement. Except to the extent permitted under this Agreement or as required by law or court order, the parties shall in all circumstances exercise reasonable care not to allow to be published or disclosed the other party’s or the Company’s Proprietary Information to any third party or to any of its own employees not having a need to know. Each party shall advise its employees to whom the other party’s or the Company’s Proprietary Information is disclosed of these obligations of confidentiality.
          (b) The parties agree that the following information shall not constitute Proprietary Information under this Agreement:
               (1) information available from public sources at any time before or after it is disclosed to a party hereto by the other party hereto;
               (2) information obtained from a third party who obtained such information, directly or indirectly, from a party other than a party to this Agreement; and
               (3) information independently developed by the party against whom enforcement of this provision is sought without the use of information provided by the party seeking such enforcement.
          (c) Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, any person (and each employee, representative, or other agent of such person) may disclose to any and all other persons, without limitation of any kind, (i) the tax treatment and tax structure of any transaction contemplated or consummated pursuant to this Agreement, (ii) all materials of any kind (including any opinions or other tax analysis) that are provided to such person relating to the tax treatment and tax structure of any such transaction and (iii) any information required to be disclosed or obtained by law or court order.
ARTICLE X
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE MEMBERS
      Section 10.1 Member Representations . Each Member represents and warrants to and covenants with the other Members as follows:
          (a) Organization . It is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of formation with all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement, to perform its obligations hereunder and to conduct the business of the Company.
          (b) Enforceability . This Agreement constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of such Member enforceable in accordance with its terms.
          (c) Consents and Authority . No consents or approvals are required from any governmental authority or other Person for the Member to enter into this Agreement. All action on the part of such Member necessary for the authorization, execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby by such Member, have been duly taken.

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          (d) No Conflict . The execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Member and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby by such Member do not conflict with or contravene the provisions of its organizational documents or any agreement or instrument by which it or its properties or assets are bound or any law, rule, regulation, order or decree to which it or its properties or assets are subject.
          (e) Investment Intent . Such Member’s interest in the Company is intended to be and is being acquired solely for such Member’s own account for investment, with no present intention of distributing or reselling all or any part thereof; such Member acknowledges that it is able and is prepared to bear the economic risk of making all Capital Contributions contemplated hereby and to suffer any loss up to the amount of such Member’s liability hereunder.
          (f) Sophistication . It, alone or with its professional advisors, has the educational, financial and business background and knowledge so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in the Company and has the capacity to protect its own interests in making this investment.
          (g) Regulatory Approval . It understands that neither the Commission nor any state regulatory agency has passed upon or endorsed the merits of an investment in the Company.
          (h) Registration . It understands that its interest in the Company has not been and will not be registered pursuant to the 1933 Act, or any applicable state securities laws, and is being issued pursuant to an exemption therefrom.
          (i) Transfer Restrictions . It understands that there are substantial restrictions on the transferability of its interest in the Company and such interest will not be, and such Member has no right to require that it be, registered or qualified under the 1933 Act, and/or any applicable state securities laws. It understands that there will be no public market for interests in the Company.
          (j) Advisors . It has been afforded the opportunity to seek and rely upon the advice of its own attorney, accountant or other professional advisor in connection with an investment in the Company and the execution of this Agreement.
          (k) Rule 144 . It understands that the exemption under Rule 144 under the 1933 Act, for holders of securities which have been held for at least two years since the acquisition of such securities from the issuer or any affiliate of the issuer and concerning which issuer there is available specified public information, may not be available to it or to the Company for sales of Company Interests because the Company does not contemplate making available such public information, and there may never be a trading market for the interests in the Company sufficient to permit compliance with the “brokers’ transaction” requirement of such Rule 144.
          (l) Government Determinations . It is aware that no federal or state agency has made any finding or determination as to the fairness of any aspect of the investment in the Company.

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          (m) Breach . As of the date hereof, it is not aware of any breach of this Agreement by any of the other Members.
          (n) Investment Company . Either (i) all of its outstanding securities (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) are beneficially owned by five or less natural person or (ii) it is not an “investment company” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) and is not excluded from the definition of “investment company” under the 1940 Act based on the exceptions set forth in subparagraph 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act.
          (o) ERISA . If any portion of its Capital Contributions consist, or will consist, of assets of an employee benefit plan as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA, whether or not such plan is subject to Title I of ERISA or a plan subject to Code § 4975, determined after giving effect to applicable regulations, rulings, and exemptions thereunder, it has so notified the other Member in writing.
           (p) Unpledgeable Subsidiary. If any provision of this Agreement may be construed in such a manner as to render the Company not an Unpledgeable Subsidiary (as defined in the Ashford Credit Facility Agreement), such provision shall be void ab initio and either Member may unilaterally amend this Agreement as is necessary to make it clear that the Company is an Unpledgeable Subsidiary.
      Section 10.2 Ashford Representations . Ashford represents and warrants to and covenants with the PRISA III as follows:
          (a) Ashford Credit Facility . Ashford has provided to PRISA III a true and complete copy of the Ashford Credit Facility Loan Documents, together with all amendments or modifications thereto. No default or “Event of Default” exists under the Ashford Credit Facility Loan Documents, and the execution and delivery by Ashford of this Agreement will not constitute a default or Event of Default (as defined in the Ashford Credit Facility Agreement) under the Ashford Credit Facility Loan Documents. The exercise by PRISA III of any of its remedies under this Agreement, the Indemnity and Contribution Agreement or the No Transfer Agreement will not cause a default or Event of Default (as defined in the Ashford Credit Facility Agreement) under the Ashford Credit Facility Loan Documents.
          (b) Unpledgeable Subsidiary . The Company is an Unpledgeable Subsidiary (as defined in the Ashford Credit Facility Agreement).
ARTICLE XI
DISSOLUTION AND TERMINATION
      Section 11.1 Dissolution.
          (a) The Company shall be dissolved upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
               (1) On the twentieth (20th) anniversary of date of this Agreement unless and to the extent extended by mutual agreement of all of the Members;

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               (2) (x) the filing by the Company of a voluntary petition for relief under Title 11 of the United States Code or any successor or amendatory provisions thereto, or (y) ninety (90) days after the filing of an involuntary petition against the Company for relief under Title 11 of the United States Code or any successor or amendatory provisions thereto, or (z) ninety (90) days after the appointment of a trustee or receiver of the Company or the assignment of the Company or any material part of the Company Assets for the benefit of creditors by, of, or with respect to the Company, unless any such event referred to in subsection (a)(2)(y) or (a)(2)(z) is remedied within ninety (90) days of its occurrence or unless within ninety (90) days after the occurrence of an event referred to in subsection (a)(2)(x) or the expiration of the ninety (90) day period referred to in subsection (a)(2)(y) or (a)(2)(z) the Members jointly determine to continue the Company;
               (3) a unanimous election by the Members to dissolve the Company;
               (4) any other event causing the dissolution of the Company under the Act.
          (b) The Company shall be dissolved in accordance with Section 11.2. Notwithstanding any provision of the Act to the contrary, the Company shall continue and not dissolve as a result of the death, retirement, resignation, expulsion, bankruptcy or dissolution of any Member or any other event that terminates the continued membership of any Member.
      Section 11.2 Winding Up, Liquidation and Distribution of Assets.
          (a) Upon dissolution, (i) the Executive Committee shall immediately proceed to wind up the affairs of the Company as expeditiously as business circumstances allow and proceed within a reasonable period of time to sell or otherwise liquidate the Company Assets. In the event that the Executive Committee shall, in its discretion, determine that a sale or other disposition of part or all of the Company Assets would cause undue loss to the Members or otherwise be impractical, the Executive Committee may either defer liquidation of any such Company Assets, and withhold distributions relating thereto for a reasonable time, or distribute part or all of such Company Assets to the Members in accordance with this Agreement.
          (b) Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, proceeds from the Company Assets shall be distributed as follows:
               (1) first, to creditors, including Members who are creditors in satisfaction of liabilities of the Company (whether by payment or the making of reasonable provision for payment thereof) other than liabilities for which reasonable provision for payment has been made, and for the expenses of winding up or liquidation; and
               (2) the balance to the Members in accordance with the priorities of Section 4.2.
      Section 11.3 Certificate of Cancellation . When all debts, liabilities and obligations have been paid and discharged or adequate provisions have been made therefor and all of the remaining property and Company Assets have been distributed to the Members, a certificate of

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cancellation shall be prepared, executed and filed by the Executive Committee in accordance with the Act.
      Section 11.4 Return of Contribution Nonrecourse to Other Members . Except as provided by law or as expressly provided in this Agreement, upon dissolution, each Member shall look solely to the Company Assets for the return of such Member’s Capital Contribution. If the distribution provided in Section 11.2(b)(2) is insufficient to return the Capital Contribution of one or more Members, such Member or Members shall have no recourse against the Company or any other Member.
ARTICLE XII
MISCELLANEOUS
      Section 12.1 Specific Performance; Other Rights . The parties recognize that various of the rights granted under this Agreement are unique and, accordingly, except as provided in Section 7.8(h) the parties shall, in addition to such other remedies as may be available to them at law or in equity, have the right to enforce their rights under this Agreement by actions for injunctive relief and specific performance.
      Section 12.2 Notices . All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or sent, postage prepaid, by registered, certified or express mail or reputable overnight courier service or by telecopier and shall be deemed given when so delivered by hand or, if mailed, three days after mailing (one Business Day in the case of express mail or overnight courier service), addressed as follows:
         
 
  If to Ashford:   c/o Ashford Hospitality Trust
14185 Dallas Parkway
Suite 1100
Dallas, Texas 75254
Attention:      Douglas A. Kessler
Telephone:      972 490 9600
Facsimile:      972 980 2705
 
       
 
  with simultaneous copies
(which shall not constitute
notice) to:
  c/o Ashford Hospitality Trust
14185 Dallas Parkway
Suite 1100
Dallas, Texas 75254
Attention:      David A. Brooks
Telephone:      972 490 9600
Facsimile:      972 980 2705
 
       
 
  and   Andrews Kurth LLP
1717 Main Street
Suite 3700
Dallas, Texas 75201
Attention:      Muriel C. McFarling, Esq.
Telephone:      (214) 659-4461
Facsimile:      (214) 659-4784

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  If to PRISA III:   c/o Prudential Investment Management, Inc.
8 Campus Drive
Parsippany, NJ 07054
Attention: Jim Walker
Telephone:      (973) 683 1690
Facsimile:      (973) 683 1752
 
       
 
  and   c/o PREI Law Department
8 Campus Drive
Parsippany, NJ 07054
Attention:      Joan N. Hayden, Esq.
Telephone:      (973) 683 1772
Facsimile:      (973) 683 1788
 
       
 
  with a simultaneous copy (which
shall not constitute notice) to:
  DLA Piper LLP (US)
203 North LaSalle Street, Suite 1500
Chicago, Illinois 60601
Attention:      Peter B. Ross, Esq.
Telephone:      (312) 368 2178
Facsimile:      (312) 630 7332
or to such other address, individual or electronic communication number as may be designated by notice given by any party to the others.
      Section 12.3 Prior Agreements; Construction; Entire Agreement . This Agreement, including the Exhibits and other documents referred to herein (which form a part hereof), constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings between them as to such subject matter and all such prior agreements and understandings are merged herein and shall not survive the execution and delivery hereof.
      Section 12.4 No Waiver . The waiver of any breach of any term or condition of this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver of any other breach of such term or condition or of any other term or condition, nor shall any failure to enforce any provision hereof operate as a waiver of such provision or of any other provision hereof.
      Section 12.5 Amendments . Except as provided in Section 4.7(b) and Section 10.1(p), this Agreement may not be amended, altered or modified except by an instrument in writing and signed by all Members. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, this Agreement shall be amended by the Executive Committee automatically and without any further

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action of the Members to the extent necessary to reflect (a) the admission or substitution of any Member permitted under this Agreement or (b) any Transfer permitted under this Agreement.
      Section 12.6 Severability . If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or deemed by a final order of a competent authority to be invalid, inoperative or unenforceable, such circumstance shall not have the effect of rendering any other provision or provisions herein contained invalid, inoperative or unenforceable, but this Agreement shall be construed as if such invalid, inoperative or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein so as to give full force and effect to the remaining such terms and provisions.
      Section 12.7 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement, and shall become effective when one or more such counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to each of the other parties.
      Section 12.8 Applicable Law; Jurisdiction . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware. Except as provided in Section 7.4(g) and Section 7.5(e), the parties consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware in connection with any civil action concerning any controversy, dispute or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or any other agreement contemplated by, or otherwise with respect to, this Agreement or the breach hereof, unless such court would not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, in which event the parties consent to the jurisdiction of the state courts of the State of Delaware. The parties hereby waive and agree not to assert in any litigation concerning this Agreement the doctrine of forum non conveniens .
      Section 12.9 Waiver Of Jury Trial . THE MEMBERS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVE TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AND FOR ANY COUNTERCLAIM THEREIN.
      Section 12.10 [Reserved] .
      Section 12.11 No Rights of Third Parties . This Agreement is made solely and specifically between and for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective members, successors and assigns subject to the express provisions hereof relating to successors and assigns. No other Person whatsoever shall have any rights, interest, or claims hereunder or be entitled to any benefits under or on account of this Agreement as a third party beneficiary or otherwise.
      Section 12.12 Further Assurances . In connection with this Agreement, as well as all transactions contemplated by this Agreement, each Member agrees to execute and deliver such additional documents and instruments and to perform such additional acts as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate, carry out and perform all of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Agreement, and all such transactions contemplated hereby.
      Section 12.13 Survival . The covenants contained in this Agreement which, by their terms, require performance after the expiration or termination of this Agreement shall be enforceable notwithstanding the expiration or other termination of this Agreement.

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      Section 12.14 Headings . Headings are included solely for convenience of reference and if there is any conflict between headings and the text of this Agreement, the text shall control.
      Section 12.15 No Broker . Each Member represents and warrants that it has not dealt with any broker in connection with this Agreement and agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless each other Member and its Affiliates from all claims or damages as a result of its representation and warranty contained in this sentence being false. Each Member further represents and warrants that it has not dealt with any broker with respect to the acquisition of its Company Interests or the acquisition by the Company of the Company Assets and agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless each other Member and its Affiliates from all claims or damages as a result of its representation and warranty contained in this sentence being false.
      Section 12.16 Services to Members . Each Member hereby acknowledges and recognizes that the Company has retained, and may in the future retain, the services of various professionals, including general and special legal counsel, accountants, architects and engineers, for the purposes of representing and providing services to the Company in the investigation, analysis, acquisition, development, renting, marketing and operation of the Company Assets, or otherwise. Each Member hereby acknowledges that such persons or entities may have in the past represented and performed and currently and/or may in the future represent or perform services for certain of the Members or their Affiliates. Accordingly, each Member and the Company consents to the performance by such persons or entities of services for the Company and waives any right to claim a conflict of interest based on such past or present representation or services to any of the Members or their Affiliates.
      Section 12.17 Currency . Any exchange of funds between the Company and its Members shall be made in United States dollars, including any distribution, reimbursement or fee payable to Members and any Capital Contributions made by Members. In addition, all calculations including those relevant to distributions and fees shall be based on United States dollars.
      Section 12.18 Attorneys’ Fees . Should any litigation be commenced between the parties hereto or their representatives, or should any party institute any proceeding in a bankruptcy or similar court which has jurisdiction over any other party hereto or any or all of his or its property or assets concerning any provision of this Agreement or the rights and duties of any Person in relation thereto, the party or parties prevailing in such may be granted a reasonable sum as and for his or its or their attorneys’ fees and court and other costs in such matter, which amount shall be determined by the judicial referee, a court in such litigation or in a separate action brought for that purpose.
      Section 12.19 Compliance with ERISA
          (a) The Company will not enter into any agreements, or suffer any conditions, that PRISA III determines would result in a Plan Violation. At Ashford’s request, PRISA III shall deliver notice of each such determination to Ashford together with an explanation of the reasons for the determination.

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          (b) Each Member will cooperate in all reasonable respects to discover and correct Plan Violations.
ARTICLE XIII
REIT COMPLIANCE
      Section 13.1 REIT Compliance . The Members and the Committee Representatives acknowledge that PRISA III is indirectly owned through one or more pass through entities by the PRISA III REIT, and that Ashford is indirectly owned in part by Ashford REIT and that each of PRISA III REIT and Ashford REIT is subject to the federal income tax rules applicable to REITs (as defined below). The Members and the Committee Representatives acknowledge and agree that:
          (a) the business and affairs of the Company will be managed in a manner that will ensure that the each of PRISA III REIT and Ashford REIT qualifies as a real estate investment trust under the Code (a “ REIT ”) and does not incur any amount of tax pursuant to Code §§ 857 or 4981;
          (b) the Committee Representatives shall be entitled to exercise any vote, consent, election or other right under this Agreement consistent with this Section 13.1 and without regard to whether conducting the business of the Company in such manner will maximize either pre-tax or after-tax profit of the Company to the Members;
          (c) it is the intent of the PRISA III Representative to exercise its approval rights under any provision of this Agreement or the organizational documents of any Subsidiary in order to ensure that the PRISA III REIT qualifies as a REIT and does not incur any amount of tax pursuant to Code §§ 857 or 4981; and
          (d) it is the intent of the Ashford Representative to exercise its approval rights under any provision of this Agreement or the organizational documents of any Subsidiary , in order to ensure that Ashford REIT qualifies as a REIT and does not incur any amount of tax pursuant to Code §§ 857 or 4981;
          (e) the Committee Representatives shall cooperate in all reasonable respects with respect to (i) the structuring of the acquisition and operation of any Company Asset, and (ii) changes to the structure of the ownership or operation of any existing Company Asset, as may be necessary or advisable to allow PRISA III REIT or Ashford REIT each to qualify as a REIT and not incur any amount of tax pursuant to Code §§ 857 or 4981, including by structuring the acquisition, operation or ownership of any such Company Asset in a manner that would allow PRISA III REIT and Ashford REIT, as each may request, to invest in all or a part of such Company Asset, through one (1) or more taxable REIT subsidiaries (as defined in Code § 856(l)), so long as the structuring requested by one party does not adversely affect the economic terms intended to be provided the other party under this Agreement; and
          (f) Notwithstanding any provision or inference in this Agreement to the contrary, any decision or determination (including but, not limited to, under any lease, loan

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document or management agreement or with respect to any account to be maintained by or on behalf of the Company or any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries) that could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the REIT status of PRISA III REIT or Ashford REIT shall require consent of the Executive Committee, and no such decision or determination shall be delegated to any other person (including, without limitation, the Advisor).
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]

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      IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the date first above written.
         
  PRISA III INVESTMENTS, LLC , a Delaware limited liability company
 
 
  By:   PRISA III REIT Operating LP, a Delaware limited partnership,    
    its sole member   
 
  By:   PRISA III OP GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, its general partner    
       
  By:   PRISA III Fund LP, a Delaware limited partnership, its manager    
       
  By:   PRISA III Fund GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, its general partner    
       
  By:   PRISA III Fund PIM, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, its sole member    
       
  By:   Prudential Investment Management, Inc.,a Delaware corporation, its sole member    
       
  By:   /s/ James P. Walker    
    Name:   James P. Walker   
    Title:   Vice President   
         
  ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP , a Delaware limited partnership
 
 
  By:   Ashford OP General Partner LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, its general partner    
     
  By:   /s/ David Brooks    
    Name:   David Brooks   
    Title:   Vice President   
 
Signature Page to Limited Liability Company Agreement


 

EXHIBIT A
LIST OF MEMBERS, INITIAL CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS, INITIAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTS, PERCENTAGE
INTERESTS AND INVESTMENTS
                                         
    Initial                            
Member and   Capital   Agreed Gross     Percentage     Preferred Equity     Common Equity   Initial Capital
Mailing Address   Contribution   Asset Value   Interest   Contribution   Contribution   Account
Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership 14185 Dallas Parkway
Suite 1100
Dallas, TX 75254
  $150,000,000.00 (cash) Mezz 4 Participation Interest 1   $150,000,000.00 $40,000,000.00     71.74 %   $ 25,000,000.00     $ 165,000,000     $ 190,000,000  
 
                                       
PRISA III Investments, LLC
c/o Prudential Investment
Management, Inc.
8 Campus Drive
Parsippany, NJ 07054
  $50,000,000.00 (cash) Mezz 4 Participation Interest 1   $50,000,000.00 $40,000,000.00     28.26 %   $ 25,000,000.00     $ 65,000,000     $ 90,000,000  
 
1   On the effective date of the Agreement Ashford and PRISA III, each a 50% member of PIM Ashford Mezz 4 LLC (“ Mezz 4 JV ”), caused Mezz 4 JV to contribute the Mezz 4 Participation Interest to the Company for a total agreed Gross Asset Value of $80,000,000.00 in exchange for the following: (i) a Preferred Equity Contribution of $50,000,000 and (ii) a common Percentage Interest of 13.04%, calculated as follows:
     
30,000,000
  $80 million agreed Gross Asset Value of Mezz 4 Participation Interest less $50 million Preferred Equity Contribution
÷230,000,000
  $30 million agreed Gross Asset Value of Mezz 4 Participation after deducting Preferred Equity Contribution plus $200 million agreed Gross Asset Value of cash contributions
 
   
13.04%
  Percentage Interest attributable to Mezz 4 Participation Interest
Mezz 4 JV then immediately distributed both its Percentage Interest and its Preferred Equity Account pro rata to its members Ashford and PRISA III, with each receiving 50% of such interests from Mezz 4 JV. As a result Ashford’s Percentage Interest is equal to $150M/$230M, or 65.22%, plus 6.52% (1/2 of the 13.04% Percentage Interest received from Mezz 4 JV), for a total 71.74% Percentage Interest. Likewise, PRISA III’s Percentage Interest is equal to $50M/$230M, or 21.74%, plus 6.52% (1/2 of the 13.04% Percentage Interest received from Mezz 4 JV), for a total 28.26% Percentage Interest. Mezz 4 JV’s distribution of the Preferred Equity Account results in each of Ashford and PRISA III having a $25,000,000 Preferred Equity Contribution as of the date hereof.

A-1


 

INVESTMENTS
         
    Owner   Property
1.
  Portsmouth Hotel Associates, LLC   Portsmouth Renaissance and Conference Center
 
      425 Water Street
 
      Portsmouth, VA 23704
 
       
2.
  HH Texas Hotel Associates, L.P.   Sugar Land Marriott Hotel and Conference
 
      Center, 16090 City Walk
 
      Sugar Land, TX 77479
 
       
3.
  HH San Antonio LLC   Plaza San Antonio Marriott,
 
      555 South Alamo Street
 
      San Antonio, TX 78205
 
       
4.
  HH Savannah LLC   Hyatt Regency Savannah,
 
      2 West Bay Street
 
      Savannah, GA 31401
 
       
5.
  HH Tampa Westshore LLC   Hilton Tampa Westshore,
 
      2225 North Lois Avenue
 
      Tampa, FL 33607-2355
 
       
6.
  HH DFW Hotel Associates, L.P.   Dallas-Fort Worth Airport Marriott
 
      8440 Freeport Parkway
 
      Irving, TX 75063
 
       
7.
  HH FP Portfolio LLC   Hyatt Regency Wind Watch Long Island 1717
 
      Motor Parkway
 
      Hauppauge, NY 11788
 
       
8.
  HH FP Portfolio LLC   Crowne Plaza Atlanta - Ravinia
 
      4355 Ashford-Dunwoody Road
 
      Atlanta, GA 30346
 
       
9.
  HH FP Portfolio LLC   Hilton Hampton Parsippany,
 
      One Hilton Court, Route 10
 
      Parsippany, NJ 07054
 
       
10.
  HH LC Portfolio LLC   Omaha Marriott
 
      10220 Regency Circle
 
      Omaha, NE 68114
 
11.
  HH Annapolis LLC   Sheraton Annapolis
 
      173 Jennifer Road
 
      Annapolis, MD 21401
 
       
12.
  HH Palm Springs LLC   Renaissance Palm Springs
 
      888 E Tahquitz Canyon Way
 
      Palm Springs, CA 92262
 
       
13.
  HH Churchill Hotel Associates, L.P.   The Churchill
 
      1914 Connecticut Ave. NW
 
      Washington DC, 20009
 
       
14.
  HH Melrose Hotel Associates, L.P.   The Melrose
 
      2430 Pennsylvania Ave. NW
 
      Washington DC, 20037

A-2


 

         
    Owner   Property
15.
  HH Atlanta LLC   Ritz-Carlton Atlanta Downtown
 
      181 Peachtree Street Northeast, Atlanta, GA
 
      30303
 
       
16.
  HH LC Portfolio LLC   Hilton Garden Inn Virginia Beach Town Center
 
      252 Town Center Drive
 
      Virginia Beach, VA 23462
 
       
17.
  HH Baltimore LLC   Hilton Garden Inn BWI Airport
 
      1516 Aero Drive
 
      Linthicum, MD 21090
 
       
18.
  HH LC Portfolio LLC   Residence Inn Tampa Downtown
 
      101 East Tyler Street
 
      Tampa, FL 33602
 
       
19.
  HH LC Portfolio LLC   Courtyard Savannah Historic District
 
      415 West Liberty Street
 
      Savannah, GA 31401
 
       
20.
  HH FP Portfolio LLC   Courtyard Boston Tremont
 
      275 Tremont Street
 
      Boston, MA 02116
 
       
21.
  HH Denver LLC   Courtyard Denver Airport
 
      6901 Tower Rd,
 
      Denver, CO 80249
 
       
22.
  HH Gaithersburg LLC   Courtyard Gaithersburg Washingtonian Center
 
      204 Boardwalk Place
 
      Gaithersburg, MD 20878
 
       
23.
  HH Chicago LLC   Silversmith
 
      10 S Wabash Ave
 
      Chicago, IL 60603
 
       
24.
  HH Austin Hotel Associates, L.P.   Hilton Garden Inn Austin
 
      500 North IH-35
 
      Austin, 78701
 
       
25.
  HH Boston Back Bay LLC   Hilton Boston Back Bay
 
      40 Dalton Street
 
      Boston, Massachusetts 02115-3123
 
       
26.
  HH Princeton LLC   Westin Princeton
 
      201 Village Boulevard
 
      Princeton, New Jersey 08540
 
       
27.
  HH Nashville LLC   Nashville Renaissance
 
      611 Commerce Street
 
      Nashville, Tennessee 37203

A-3


 

EXHIBIT B
STRUCTURE CHART

B-1


 

EXHIBIT C
LIST OF LICENSE AGREEMENTS

C-1


 

EXHIBIT D
LIST OF MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS

D-1


 

EXHIBIT E
APPROVED LOANS

E-1


 

EXHIBIT F
ASHFORD’S/TRANSFEREE’S ERISA CERTIFICATION
_____________________, a _______________________ (“PRISA III”)
c/o Prudential Real Estate Investors
__________________________
__________________________
Attention: ______________________, Vice President, Prudential Real Estate Investors
  Re:   [Name of Venture] by and between _______________ (“Ashford”) and PRISA III, [Description of Transaction] (the “Transaction”) regarding property known as _______________ (the “Property”)
Gentlemen:
[Ashford/Transferee] represents and warrants to you, in order to comply with the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, that:
     (i) Neither [Ashford/Transferee] nor any of its affiliates [within the meaning of Part V(c) of Prohibited Transaction Exemption 84-14 granted by the U.S. Department of Labor (“ PTE 84-14 ”)] has, or during the immediately preceding year has exercised, the authority to appoint or terminate PRISA III as investment manager of any assets of the employee benefit plans whose assets are held by PRISA III and are being used to effectuate the Transaction or to negotiate the terms of any management agreement with PRISA III on behalf of any such plan;
     (ii) The Transaction is not specifically excluded by Part I(b) of PTE 84-14;
     (iii) [Ashford/Transferee] is not a related party of PRISA III (as defined in Part V(h) of PTE 84-14); and
     (iv) The terms of the Transaction have been negotiated and determined at arm’s length, as such terms would be negotiated and determined by unrelated parties; and
     (v) Neither [Ashford/Transferee] nor its affiliates (as defined in Part V(c) of PTE 84-14) manages or has any discretionary authority with respect to any of the assets of PRISA III which are being used to effect this Transaction.

F-1


 

         
  [ASHFORD/TRANSFEREE]  
    , a 
     
 
  By:      
    Name:      
    Title:      
  Date Executed:

F-2


 

         
EXHIBIT G
PRISA III’S ERISA CERTIFICATION
     [Transferee Name and Address]
  Re:   [Name of Venture] by and between _______________ (“Ashford”) and PRISA III, [Description of Transaction] (the “Transaction”) regarding property known as _______________ (the “Property”)
Gentlemen:
     PRISA III represents and warrants to you, in order to comply with the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, that:
     (1) the source of funds from which PRISA III [has purchased/is purchasing] [its interest in the Company/the Property] is its ____________________ Account, which is an investment fund within the meaning of Part V(b) of Prohibited Transaction Exemption 84-14, as amended, granted by the U.S. Department of Labor (“PTE 84-14”);
     (2) PRISA III is a qualified professional asset manager (“ QPAM ”) within the meaning of Part V(a) of PTE 84-14;
     (3) the terms of PRISA III’s acquisition of its interest in the Company and the Transaction described above were negotiated on behalf of the investment fund by PRISA III, and PRISA III made the decision on behalf of the investment fund to enter into such transaction, which was not part of an agreement, arrangement or understanding designed to benefit a party in interest (in satisfaction of the conditions of Part I(c) of PTE 84-14);
     (4) the transaction contemplated hereunder is not specifically excluded by Part I(b) of PTE 84-14; and
     (5) the conditions of Part I(e), (f) and (g) of PTE 84-14 are satisfied.
         
  Very truly yours,  
       
  PRISA III :  
    , a 
     
 
  By:      
    Name:      
    Title:      
  Date Executed:

G-1


 

         
EXHIBIT H
ADVISORY DUTIES
Financial & Operational Review
    Analyze and review annual operating reports, sales and marketing programs and capital investment plans;
 
    Participate in on-site reviews of the operations, as reasonably required, with the manager of a hotel (“Hotel”) company an Investment (“Manager”) to analyze revenues and expenses and make recommendations regarding suitable action steps for overall performance improvement through the maximization of both revenue and profitability opportunities and profit management;
 
    Monitor revenue management strategies in order to maximize revenue growth;
 
    Analyze in detail the monthly financial statements of each Hotel and provide Owner with a detailed quarterly report highlighting operational and financial results, variance analyses, STR data and relative market performance insight, updates on sales and marketing initiatives, capital expenditure status and other property-specific observations and commentary;
 
    Review Manager’s practices with respect to licensing and permit requirements and compliance with terms of the management agreement, including the manager performance hurdles, if applicable;
 
    Advise on all material contracts and leases involving third parties to the extent that the Company has discretion and authority pursuant to the applicable property management agreements;
 
    Assist in the preparation of annual insurance updates, monitor risk management programs and review and contest (as appropriate) real estate tax assessments;
 
    Monitor guest and employee satisfaction surveys;
 
    Communicate to property management the Executive Committee’s overall strategic goals and objectives for each Hotel as directed by the Executive Committee;
 
    Oversee the implementation of the Annual Budgets;
 
    Monitor each Hotel’s cash position;
 
    Perform the obligations of the Advisor set forth in Article VIII of the Operating Agreement regarding books, tax returns and reports; and
 
    Advise and recommend general manager and other Hotel hires and terminations.

H-1


 

Knowledge of Ongoing Market Fundamentals and Competitive Environment
    Benchmark each Hotel’s REVPAR, ADR and occupancy performance compared to competitive set in order to solidify market position and optimize operating performance;
 
    Monitor monthly REVPAR, ADR and occupancy statistics for competitive set;
 
    Monitor status of key demand generators;
 
    Regularly track planned supply additions in market; and
 
    Advise on the determination of competitive sets for each Hotel.
Physical Asset Condition & Preservation
    Monitor physical condition of each Hotel;
 
    Conduct on-site inspection of each Hotel periodically as deemed prudent by the Advisor in order to continuously evaluate the quality and sustainability of all major building systems (HVAC, PMS, POS, telephone, Internet, TV/video and all relevant interfaces);
 
    Evaluate the capital expenditure budget proposed by Managers pursuant to the management agreements;
 
    Make recommendations to the Executive Committee, after appropriate analysis, of capital expenditure requests; and
 
    Monitor capital improvement projects and budget compliance.
Other Duties
    Coordinate and oversee the process of obtaining any Hotel’s Final Certificate of Occupancy;
 
    Coordinate and oversee the process of obtaining any Hotel’s ICIP Certification of Completion;
 
    Oversee the resolution of all outstanding construction punchlist items;
 
    Oversee the resolution of any post-closing issues; and
 
    Monitor compliance with the terms and conditions of all license agreements and mortgage-related financing provisions and covenants.
In conjunction with the forgoing, the Advisor will develop and update each year with respect to each hotel, an equity asset plan which will include, but not be limited to, a specific property overview and analysis, physical condition assessment, historical and forecasted financial analysis, competitive set analysis, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis, strategic review of the Hotel including a hold/sale analysis.

H-2


 

EXHIBIT I
EXAMPLE OF SECTION 4.2 DISTRIBUTIONS

I-1

Exhibit 10.26.5
CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED. CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN REDACTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.
FOR SETTLEMENT PURPOSES ONLY
CONSENT AND SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT
     This Consent and Settlement Agreement (“Agreement”) is effective as of March 10, 2011 (the “Effective Date”), and is entered into by and between Ashford Hospitality Finance, L.P. (together with any and all of its affiliates and subsidiaries, collectively, “Ashford”) and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as successor by merger to Wachovia Bank, National Association (together with any and all of its affiliates and subsidiaries, collectively, “Wells”). Ashford and Wells are each a “Party” and collectively “the Parties.”
RECITALS
     A. WHEREAS, on or about June 2, 2009, Ashford filed a complaint (the “Complaint”) commencing an action in the District Court of Dallas County, Texas, 298th Judicial District, styled Ashford Hospitality Finance, L.P. v. Wachovia Bank, N.A., No. 09-06958 (the “Action”); and
     B. WHEREAS, by Answer dated June 8, 2009, Wells denied the allegations of the Complaint and further denies any and all liability for the claims asserted by Ashford in the Action; and
     C. WHEREAS, Ashford desires to enter into a series of related transactions with affiliates of Prudential Life Insurance Company, Guggenheim, Barclays Capital Real Estate Finance, Inc. (“Barclays”), The Blackstone Group and Wells, which, when and if consummated, will result in Ashford owning an aggregate up to 75% interest in one or more entities which will own all of the equity interests in a portfolio of hotels (and their related operating lessees and other affiliates), which are defined as the “Individual Properties” and the “CIGNA Properties” under that certain Amended and Restated Mortgage Loan Agreement, to be entered into by and among Wells, Barclays and the obligors parties thereto (the “Loan Agreement” and such transactions described herein being, collectively, the “Transaction”); and
     D. WHEREAS, the Transaction described in the foregoing Recital C requires consent from Wells in order to effectuate the purchase by Ashford contemplated thereby; and
     E. WHEREAS, the Parties wish to enter into this Agreement to: (i) avoid further expense, inconvenience, and the distraction of litigation and to put to rest all claims asserted in or related to the Action, and (ii) consent to the Transaction.
     NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises, terms and provisions hereof, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:

1


 

CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED. CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN REDACTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.
FOR SETTLEMENT PURPOSES ONLY
AGREEMENT
      1. HIGHLAND HOSPITALITY RESTRUCTURING.
          (a) In connection with the Transaction, Wells agrees to permit Ashford (or its Affiliates (as defined in the Loan Agreement)) to acquire up to a 75% indirect ownership interest in the Borrower Principal (as defined in the Loan Agreement) and to be the managing or administering member of the venture which holds the ownerships interests in the Borrower Principal. It is understood and agreed however that Wells, in its capacity as lender under the Loan Agreement, shall have the right to review and approve all organizational documents relating to or affecting the ownership structure of the Borrower Principal (and its equity owners), all in accordance with the terms of the Loan Agreement.
          (b) On the date that [***] receives any cash payment [***] Wells shall, within 30 days after the receipt of such properly paid payment, pay to Ashford an equivalent amount, up to a total of $30,000,000 in the aggregate (said total sum of $30,000,000 is referred to herein as the “Total Settlement Payment”). No interest shall accrue on the Total Settlement Amount, or on any amounts paid or payable to Ashford [***] hereunder. If all or any portion of the Total Settlement Payment has not been paid by Wells to Ashford on the earlier to occur of (i) the maturity date of [***], (ii) the date [***] has been terminated or otherwise eliminated [***], or (iii) the [***] is sold in its entirety, then, within 15 days following such date, Wells shall pay to Ashford the balance of the Total Settlement Payment that remains unpaid as of such date. Once the Total Settlement Payment has been paid to Ashford, all further obligations of Wells under this Settlement Agreement shall cease.
          (c) The payments by Wells to Ashford pursuant to the foregoing paragraph shall be made by direct wire transfer to an account in the United States designated by Ashford. Ashford shall send Wells acknowledgement of receipt of payment within one (1) business day after Ashford’s receipt of such payment.
          (d) From and after the Effective Date but prior to the date that the Total Settlement Payment is paid in full, Wells shall deliver to Ashford within fifteen (15) days after the last day of each calendar quarter (commencing on the calendar quarter ending March 31, 2011), a written certification setting forth all payments received by Wells from or in respect of [***] during such calendar quarter.
[***] = Indicates confidential information has been redacted.

2


 

CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED. CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN REDACTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.
FOR SETTLEMENT PURPOSES ONLY
          (e) Well represents, and Ashford understands and acknowledges that (i) the [***] owned by Wells is a passive interest, (ii) Wells has no control whatsoever over the timing for when it may receive any [***] and (iii) Wells will have no obligation to take any legal or other action or exercise any legal or other remedy to attempt to receive such [***], nor shall Wells have any obligation to officially market and attempt to sell its [***] in order to generate any [***].
2.  RELEASE.
          (a) In consideration of the promises and agreements set forth in this Agreement, as of the closing date of the transaction (“Closing Date”), Ashford, on behalf of itself and its present, former or future officers, directors, agents (alleged or otherwise), employees, representatives, consultants, accountants, attorneys, parents, subsidiaries, affiliated entities, predecessors, successors, and assigns (collectively, the “Ashford Releasors”), does hereby completely and irrevocably release and forever discharge Wells, and each of its respective current and former parents, subsidiaries, and affiliated entities, and their respective current and former officers, directors, shareholders, agents, employees, representatives, consultants, accountants, attorneys, insurers, reinsurers, predecessors, successors, and assigns (collectively, the “Wells Releasees”), from any and all claims and rights (including, without limitation, rights of set-off and recoupment, demands, charges, complaints, actions, obligations, causes of action, or liabilities of any and every kind, nature and character, known and unknown) that the Ashford Releasors possess or possessed, assert, asserted, or could or may have asserted, from the beginning of the world to the date of this Agreement (including, without limitation, rights of set-off and recoupment, demands, charges, complaints, actions, obligations, causes of action, or liabilities of any and every kind, nature and character, known and unknown), arising out of or related to or in connection with the Ashford Releasors’ interest, whenever acquired, in Extended Stay, Inc. and certain of its affiliates and the financings that were originated in connection with the acquisition thereof in 2007 and/or arising out of or related to or in connection with the subject matter of the Action; provided that nothing herein shall prevent Ashford from bringing suit to enforce the terms of this Agreement.
          (b) In consideration of the promises and agreements set forth in this Agreement, as of the Closing Date, Wells, on behalf of itself and its present, former or future officers, directors, agents (alleged or otherwise), employees, representatives, consultants, accountants, attorneys, parents, subsidiaries, affiliated entities, predecessors, successors, and assigns (collectively, the “Wells Releasors”), does hereby completely and irrevocably release and forever discharge Ashford, and each of its respective current and former parents, subsidiaries, and affiliated entities, and their respective current and former officers, directors, shareholders, agents, employees, representatives, consultants, accountants, attorneys, insurers, reinsurers, predecessors, successors, and assigns (collectively, the “Ashford Releasees”), from any and all claims and rights (including, without limitation, rights of set-off and recoupment, demands, charges, complaints, actions, obligations, causes of action, or liabilities of any and every kind, nature and character, known and unknown) that the Wells Releasors possess or
[***] = Indicates confidential information has been redacted.

3


 

CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED. CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN REDACTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.
FOR SETTLEMENT PURPOSES ONLY
possessed, assert, asserted, or could or may have asserted, from the beginning of the world to the date of this Agreement (including, without limitation, rights of set-off and recoupment, demands, charges, complaints, actions, obligations, causes of action, or liabilities of any and every kind, nature and character, known and unknown), arising out of or related to the subject matter of the Action; provided that nothing herein shall prevent Wells from bringing suit to enforce the terms of this Agreement.
          (c) The Parties hereby acknowledge that the releases provided in this Agreement shall apply to all claims and rights released hereby, whether known or unknown, anticipated or unanticipated, or suspected or unsuspected, notwithstanding the fact that a Party may later discover facts in addition to or different from those which that Party now believes to be true.
          (d) Each Party agrees to indemnify, defend and hold the other Party harmless from and against any and all liabilities, claims, demands, losses, damages, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, legal fees and disbursements, and litigation expenses), actions and causes of action, arising out of or relating to a breach by the other Party of any provision of this Agreement (including, without limitation, this Paragraph 2), or the incorrectness or inaccuracy of any representation and warranty of such Party contained in this Agreement or in any document or agreement delivered in connection with this Agreement.
     3.  CONFIDENTIALITY. Ashford and Wells represent and warrant that they have not and none of their officers, directors, principals, owners, employees, agents, attorneys, or other representatives have disclosed to or discussed with anyone other than the other Party’s counsel any term, condition, or other aspect of this Agreement. Ashford and Wells acknowledge and agree, on behalf of themselves and each of their officers, directors, principals, owners, employees, agents, attorneys, and other representatives, that the financial terms of this Agreement (but not the existence of this Agreement) are and shall remain confidential except to the extent such financial information is required to be disclosed by a Party in compliance with the rules or regulations of any governmental entity having jurisdiction over such Party.
     4.  FAILURE OF TRANSACTION TO CLOSE. If the Transaction does not close on or before June 30, 2011, (i) the terms of this Agreement will become null and void, and the parties will have no further obligations hereunder, except that the provisions contained in Paragraphs 8,9 and 10 shall survive termination of this Agreement.
     5.  ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS AND AMENDMENT.
          (a) The Parties acknowledge that they may execute additional agreements relating to the terms of their settlement of the Action. If the Parties elect to prepare such documents, the Parties agree to cooperate in good faith in the drafting and execution thereof. However, the Parties acknowledge and agree that the terms and conditions of this Agreement constitute a valid and binding agreement and that they intend to be bound by its terms regardless of whether additional settlement documents are ultimately executed between the Parties. That the Parties might execute additional settlement documents does not in any way affect the binding nature and affect of this agreement.

4


 

CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED. CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN REDACTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.
FOR SETTLEMENT PURPOSES ONLY
          (b) This Agreement may be amended only by an instrument in writing signed by the Parties that expressly refers to this Agreement and specifically states that it is intended to amend this Agreement.
     6. NO ADMISSION OF LIABILITY. The Parties agree that the consideration and other terms of this Agreement do not constitute an admission of liability on any of the Parties’ part, that liability is expressly denied, and that this Agreement is a settlement of a disputed claim.
     7.  INTEGRATED AGREEMENT. This Agreement contains the understanding and agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings, negotiations, and discussions of the Parties, whether oral or written, relating to the content hereof. The Parties agree that the terms of this Agreement are contractual and not mere recitals. The Parties acknowledge that the consideration recited in this Agreement is the sole and only consideration for it and that no representations, promises or inducements have been made other than those that appear in this Agreement, and that in executing this Agreement, the Parties are not relying on any statement, representation or promise made to them except as set forth herein. In interpreting the provisions of this Agreement, no presumption shall apply against any Party that otherwise would operate against such Party by reason of such document having been drafted by such Party or at the direction of such Party.
     8.  AUTHORITY. The Parties represent and warrant to one another that each has the full and complete power and authority to enter into this Agreement and is entering into this Agreement voluntarily. The Parties further represent and warrant that the signatories below have full and complete power and authority, and have taken all necessary action, to enter into this Agreement on behalf of their respective entities. The Parties warrant and represent that each has not sold, subrogated, assigned or otherwise transferred or agreed to sell, assign, subrogate or otherwise transfer to any other person or entity any claims, demand, actions, causes of action an/or suits that are the subject of this Agreement.
     9.  NOTICES. All notices, consents and requests required or permitted hereunder, shall be given in writing and shall be effective for all purposes if (i) hand delivered with proof of attempted delivery, (ii) sent by prepaid overnight delivery service with proof of attempted delivery, or (iii) by facsimile (with a copy sent contemporaneously by expedited overnight delivery service with proof of attempted delivery), addressed as follows:

5


 

CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED. CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN REDACTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.
FOR SETTLEMENT PURPOSES ONLY
If to Ashford:
David Kimichik
CFO
Ashford Hospitality Trust
14185 Dallas Parkway, Ste. 1100
Dallas, TX 75254
and
David A. Brooks
Chief Operating Officer/General Counsel
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100
Dallas, TX 75254
Fax: 972-490-9605
If to Wells:
William F. Carmody
Managing Director
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
375 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10152
Fax: 212-214-8955
and
Joel T. Brighton
Managing Counsel
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A
MAC: D1053-300
301 South College St.
Charlotte, NC 28288
Fax: 704-383-1383
and
Alistair B. Dawson
Beck, Redden & Secrest, LLP
One Houston Center
1221 McKinney St., Suite 4500
Houston, TX 77010
Fax: (713) 951-3720

6


 

CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED. CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN REDACTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.
FOR SETTLEMENT PURPOSES ONLY
Such notice shall be deemed given on the day delivery was attempted (as set forth in the proof of attempted delivery).
     10.  COSTS. Each Party agrees that, notwithstanding any other provision herein, it bears full responsibility and will pay its own costs and expenses, including, without limitation, its attorneys’ fees in connection with the Action and this Agreement (and any documents entered into in connection with this Agreement). However, in the event of any dispute arising out of or in connection with any terms of this Agreement the non-prevailing Party in any such dispute shall be responsible for paying the attorneys’ fees of the prevailing Party.
     11.  GOVERNING LAW AND WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. This Agreement shall be construed and enforced pursuant to the laws of the State of New York, without regard to the choice of law provisions thereof. The Parties further agree that the language of each and all paragraphs, terms, and provisions of this Agreement shall be construed as a whole, according to its fair meaning, and not strictly for or against any Party hereto and without regard whatsoever to the identity or status of any person or persons who drafted all or any portion of this Agreement. The Parties hereby waive their respective rights to a jury trial of any claim or cause of action based upon or arising out of this Agreement.
     12.  JURISDICTION. The Parties agree that any suit instituted to enforce the terms of this Agreement, or to prevent any threatened violation of this Agreement, shall be instituted in the federal or state courts within the City and State of New York, and that no suit instituted to enforce the terms of this Agreement shall be instituted in any court or arbitral forum other than the federal or state courts within the City and State of New York. The Parties consent to the exercise of personal jurisdiction over each of them by the federal and state courts within the State of New York for the purposes of any suit instituted to enforce the terms of this Agreement, or to prevent any threatened violation of this Agreement.
     13.  SEVERABILITY. Should any provision or paragraph of this Agreement be held invalid or illegal, such invalidity or illegality shall not invalidate the whole of this Agreement, but, rather, the Agreement shall be construed as if it did not contain the illegal or invalid part, and the rights and obligations of the Parties shall be construed and be enforced accordingly.
     14.  COOPERATION. Each Party agrees to execute and deliver any and all additional instruments and documents, do any and all acts and things as may be necessary or expedient to effectuate more fully the terms of this Agreement or any provision hereof.
     15.  SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. This Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors, heirs, assigns, administrators, executors and legal representatives. This Agreement may not be assigned by Ashford without prior written consent of Wells.
     16.  COUNTERPARTS/EXECUTION. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, including by facsimile, with the same effect as if all Parties have signed the same document. All counterparts shall be construed together and shall constitute a single Agreement.

7


 

CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED. CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN REDACTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION.
FOR SETTLEMENT PURPOSES ONLY
IT IS SO AGREED.
         
DATED: February 24, 2011 ASHFORD HOSPITALITY FINANCE L.P.
 
 
  By:   ASHFORD HOSPITALITY FINANCE GENERAL PARTNER LLC, GEN. PTR  
 
  By:   /s/ DAVID A. BROOKS    
    DAVID A. BROOKS
VICE PRESIDENT
 
         
STATE OF TEXAS
 
COUNTY OF DALLAS
  )
)
)
   
 
Sworn to before me this 24 day of February, 2011
         
 
DATED: March 10, 2011  WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A.
 
 
  By:   /s/ Jan LaChapelle  
       
       
 
         
STATE OF NEW YORK
 
COUNTY OF NEW YORK
  )
)
)
   
 
Sworn to before me this 10 day of March, 2011

8

Exhibit 10.31
INDEMNITY AGREEMENT
      THIS INDEMNITY AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is executed as of March 10, 2011, by REMINGTON LODGING & HOSPITALITY, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Indemnitor ”), for the benefit of ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP (“ Ashford ”).
WITNESSETH:
      WHEREAS , Ashford and certain lenders identified below (collectively, the “ Lenders ”), desiring to restructure certain mezzanine and mortgage debt (the “ Mortgage and Mezzanine Debt ”) in connection with the acquisition of a 28-property hotel portfolio, have entered into the following agreements:
     (a) Mezzanine 1 Guaranty and Indemnity Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by Ashford and PRISA III REIT Operating LP (“ PRISA III ”), for the benefit of BRE/HH Acquisitions L.L.C. (“ BRE/HH ”) and Barclays Capital Real Estate Finance Inc. (“ Barclays ”);
     (b) Mezzanine 2 Guaranty and Indemnity Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by Ashford and PRISA III, for the benefit of BRE/HH and Barclays;
     (c) Mezzanine 3 Guaranty and Indemnity Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by Ashford and PRISA III, for the benefit of BRE/HH and Barclays;
     (d) Mezzanine 4 Guaranty and Indemnity Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by Ashford and PRISA III, for the benefit of GSRE III Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempt company; and
     (e) Guaranty and Indemnity Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by Ashford and PRISA III, for the benefit of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, successor by merger to Wachovia Bank, National Association and Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc. (such agreements collectively, the “ Indemnity Agreements ”); and
      WHEREAS , the Indemnity Agreements provide that Ashford has potential recourse liability with respect to the Mortgage and Mezzanine Debt arising from certain events or circumstances caused by or resulting from the action of Indemnitor.
      NOW , THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises and agreements herein contained, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and legal sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties do hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE II
NATURE AND SCOPE OF INDEMNITY
      2.1 Indemnification Obligations . Indemnitor hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees to indemnify, defend, protect and hold harmless Ashford and its successors and assigns from and against any and all liabilities imposed upon or incurred by or

 


 

asserted against Ashford under any Indemnity Agreement that are directly or indirectly related to, in connection with or arising out of any one or more of the following actions by Indemnitor or any Related Party of Indemnitor at any time, and which liabilities are not otherwise imposed upon or incurred by or asserted against Ashford under such Indemnity Agreement as a result of the following or any other actions of any other Person (the “ Indemnification Obligations ”):
     (a) Indemnitor or any Related Party of Indemnitor seeks substantive consolidation of any Loan Party with any other Person in connection with a proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or any other Creditors’ Rights Laws involving Guarantor or any other Loan Party (other than the substantive consolidation of Indemnitor or any other Affiliated Manager with any other Person which is not a Loan Party);
     (b) Indemnitor or any Related Party of Indemnitor contests, opposes or objects to any motion made by Lender to obtain relief from the automatic stay or seek to reinstate the automatic stay in the event of a future proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or any other Creditors’ Rights Laws involving any Loan Party (other than a proceeding involving Indemnitor or any other Affiliated Manager and no other Loan Party); and/or
     (c) Indemnitor or any Related Party of Indemnitor provides, originates or acquires directly or through a Related Party of Guarantor an interest in or solicits (in writing) or accepts from Guarantor or any Related Party of Guarantor any debtor-in-possession financing to or on behalf of any Loan Party in the event that Guarantor or any other Loan Party is the subject of a proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or any other Creditors’ Rights Laws (other than debtor-in-possession financing provided to or on behalf of Indemnitor by a Person which is not a Loan Party in a proceeding which involves no other Loan Party).
For purposes of this Agreement, the term “ Related Party ” shall mean, as to any Person, any other Person (a) that is an Affiliate of such Person, or (b) in which such Person owns, directly or indirectly, in the aggregate more than fifty percent (50%) of the beneficial ownership interests in such Person.
      2.2 Unenforceability . To the extent that the undertaking to indemnify, defend, protect and hold harmless set forth in Section 2.1 may be unenforceable because it violates any law or public policy, Indemnitor shall pay the maximum portion that it is permitted to pay and satisfy under applicable law to the payment and satisfaction of all Indemnification Obligations incurred by Ashford.
      2.3 Assumption of Defense . Ashford shall have the right, but not the obligation, to assume in a timely manner the defense of any Indemnification Obligations with counsel reasonably approved by Indemnitor (but Ashford shall at all times retain the right to participate in any such defense with its own counsel, and the costs of such participation shall constitute an Indemnification Obligation), and Indemnitor shall not settle or compromise such Indemnification Obligation without the prior written consent of Ashford, whose consent shall not unreasonably be withheld.
      2.4 Limitation on Indemnification Obligations . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the aggregate liability of Indemnitor with respect to the

 


 

Indemnification Obligations shall be the lesser of: (a) the aggregate outstanding indebtedness of the loans evidenced by the Loan Agreements and the Other Mezzanine Loans; or (b) $200,000,000 (the “ Indemnification Cap ”). In addition, Indemnitor shall have no liability under this Agreement to the extent Ashford has then become, or thereafter becomes, liable under the Indemnity Agreements in connection with any action that is subject to a cap of $200,000,000 as described in the Indemnity Agreements (including the Indemnification Obligations) (collectively, the “ Bankruptcy Actions ”) if liability for such Bankruptcy Action is caused by any Person other than Indemnitor or any Related Party of Indemnitor. For the avoidance of doubt, if Ashford shall become liable under the Indemnity Agreements for any Bankruptcy Action that is caused by both (a) Indemnitor or any Related Party of Indemnitor, AND (b) any Person other than Indemnitor or any Related Party of Indemnitor (without regard to which event occurs first), Indemnitor shall have no liability under this Agreement. In the event Indemnitor has made any payment(s) to Ashford pursuant to this Agreement, and it is thereafter established that Indemnitor is not liable for all or any portion of such payment(s), Ashford will promptly refund such payment(s) to Indemnitor. The Indemnification Cap shall not be reduced as a result of any prepayments of the loans evidenced by the Loan Agreements or any Other Mezzanine Loan unless and until the aggregate indebtedness thereunder is less than $200,000,000.
ARTICLE III
MISCELLANEOUS
      3.1 Notice Provisions .
     (a) Ashford herby agrees that it shall provide five days advance written notice (in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A) to Indemnitor if Ashford or any other Loan Party controlled by Ashford intends to take any action described in Section 1.2(b)(iii) of the Indemnity Agreements. Any such notice shall be provided to each of the following Persons at the addresses listed below:
Archie Bennett, Jr.
c/o Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1150
Dallas, Texas 75254
Archie Bennett, Jr.
Allean House
Strathtummel by Pitlochry
Pershire PH16 5NR
Scotland
Monty J. Bennett
c/o Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1150
Dallas, Texas 75254
Monty J. Bennett
2408 Victory Park Lane, #837
Dallas, Texas 75219

 


 

Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1150
Dallas, Texas 75254
Attention: President
Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1150
Dallas, Texas 75254
Attention: Chief Legal Officer
     (b) Any notice, demand, statement, request or consent made hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given in writing and shall be effective for all purposes if hand delivered or sent by (a) certified or registered United States mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, (b) expedited prepaid delivery service, either commercial or United States Postal Service, with proof of attempted delivery, or (c) telecopier (with answer back acknowledged), addressed as follows (or at such other address and Person as shall be designated from time to time by any party hereto, as the case may be, in a written notice to the other parties hereto in the manner provided for in this Section 3.1):
     Ashford:
c/o Ashford Hospitality Trust
14185 Dallas Parkway
Suite 1100
Dallas, Texas 75254
Attention: David Brooks
Facsimile No.: (972) 490-9605
     With a copy to:
Andrews Kurth LLP
1717 Main St., Ste. 3700
Dallas, Texas 75201
Attention: Muriel C. McFarling
Facsimile No.: (214) 659-4784
     Indemnitor: to the parties at the addresses identified in Section 3.1(a).
      3.2 Waiver . No failure to exercise, and no delay in exercising, on the part of Ashford, any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right. The rights of Ashford hereunder shall be in addition to all other rights provided by law. No modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, nor consent to departure therefrom, shall be effective unless in writing and no such consent or waiver shall extend beyond the particular case and purpose involved. No notice or demand given in any case shall constitute a

 


 

waiver of the right to take other action in the same, similar or other instances without such notice or demand.
      3.3 Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas and the applicable law of the United States of America.
      3.4 Severable Agreement . If any provision of this Agreement is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable under present or future laws effective during the term of this Agreement, such provision shall be fully severable and this Agreement shall be construed and enforced as if such illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision had never comprised a part of this Agreement, and the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall not be affected by the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision or by its severance from this Agreement, unless such continued effectiveness of this Agreement, as modified, would be contrary to the basic understandings and intentions of the parties as expressed herein.
      3.5 Amendments . This Agreement may be amended only by an instrument in writing executed by the parties hereto.
      3.6 Parties Bound; Assignment; Joint and Several . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors, assigns and legal representatives; provided, however, that Indemnitor may not, without the prior written consent of Ashford, assign any of its rights, powers, duties or obligations hereunder.
      3.7 Headings . Section headings are for convenience of reference only and shall in no way affect the interpretation of this Agreement.
      3.8 Recitals . The recital and introductory paragraphs hereof are a part hereof, form a basis for this Agreement and shall be considered prima facie evidence of the facts and documents referred to therein.
      3.9 Counterparts . To facilitate execution, this Agreement may be executed in counterparts, and each counterpart shall be considered an original.
      3.10 Other Defined Terms . Any capitalized term utilized herein shall have the meaning as specified in the Indemnity Agreements or the Loan Agreements referenced therein, unless such term is otherwise specifically defined herein. The words “ include ” and “ including ” and words of similar import shall be deemed to be followed by the words “ without limitation ”.
[NO FURTHER TEXT ON THIS PAGE]

 


 

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
         
  Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC
 
 
  By:   /s/ Monty Bennett    
    Name:   Monty Bennett   
    Title:   Chief Executive Officer   
 
  Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership
 
  By:   Ashford OP General Partner LLC,
its general partner
 
 
  By:   /s/ David A. Brooks    
    Name:   David A. Brooks   
    Title:   Vice Brooks   
 

 


 

(ASHFORD LOGO)
 
NOTICE OF $200 MILLION INDEMNITY OBLIGATION
IF REMINGTON TAKES ANY ACTIONS DESCRIBED IN THE
INDEMNITY AGREEMENT IDENTIFIED BELOW
Remington Lodging & Hospitality LLC
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1150
Dallas, Texas 75254
Attention: Archie Bennett
Remington Lodging & Hospitality LLC
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1150
Dallas, Texas 75254
Attention: Monty Bennett
Remington Lodging & Hospitality LLC
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1150
Dallas, Texas 75254
Attention: President
Remington Lodging & Hospitality LLC
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1150
Dallas, Texas 75254
Attention: General Counsel
Re:   NOTICE OF $200 MILLION INDEMNITY OBLIGATION
Gentlemen:
     Reference is made to (a) those four (4) certain Guaranty and Indemnity Agreements dated March ___, 2011, executed by Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership and PRISA III REIT Operating LP (each, a “ Guarantor ”), copies of which are attached hereto as Exhibit A (collectively, the “ Guaranty ”) and (b) that certain Indemnity Agreement dated March ___, 2011, executed by Remington Lodging & Hospitality LLC (“ Remington ”), a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “ Indemnity Agreement ”).
14185 DALLAS PARKWAY — SUITE 1100 — DALLAS, TEXAS 75254
972-490-9600 — MAIN 972-490-9605 — FAX

 


 

     You are hereby notified pursuant to the Indemnity Agreement that a Guarantor and/or one or more of its affiliates [may file] [has filed (PRISA or its affiliates)] a voluntary petition under the United States Bankruptcy Code or take other actions or be subject to other actions described in Section 1.2(a)(ix) of the Guaranty. Please be advised that if Remington or any of its affiliates takes any action described in Section 1.2(b)(iii)(A), (B) or (C), that causes any liability to Guarantor, Remington may be subject to liability under the Indemnity Agreement for an amount up to $200 million .
     Should you need any information or have any questions, please do not hesitate to call me.
                 
    Very truly yours,    
 
               
    Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership    
 
               
    By:   Ashford OP General Partner LLC    
 
               
 
      By:        
 
               
cc (w/ enclosures):
Archie Bennett
Allean House
Strathtummel by Pitlochry
Pershire PH16 5NR
Scotland
Monty Bennett
2408 Victory Park Lane, #837
Dallas, Texas 75219
14185 DALLAS PARKWAY — SUITE 1100 — DALLAS, TEXAS 75254
972-490-9600 — MAIN 972-490-9605 — FAX

 

EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Monty J. Bennett, certify that:
1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-Q of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.;
 
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.   The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:
  (a)   designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
  (b)   designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  (c)   evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
  (d)   disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.   The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
  (a)   all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
  (b)   any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: May 10, 2011
         
/s/ MONTGOMERY J. BENNETT      
Montgomery J. Bennett     
Chief Executive Officer     

 

         
EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, David J. Kimichik, certify that:
1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-Q of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.;
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.   The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:
  (a)   designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
  (b)   designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  (c)   evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
  (d)   disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.   The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
  (a)   all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
  (b)   any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: May 10, 2011
         
/s/ DAVID J. KIMICHIK      
David J. Kimichik     
Chief Financial Officer     

 

         
EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
     In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Montgomery J. Bennett, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
  (1)   The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
  (2)   The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: May 10, 2011
         
/s/ MONTGOMERY J. BENNETT      
Montgomery J. Bennett     
Chief Executive Officer     

 

         
EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
     In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David J. Kimichik, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
  (1)   The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
  (2)   The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: May 10, 2011
         
/s/ DAVID J. KIMICHIK      
David J. Kimichik     
Chief Financial Officer