File No. 811-04347
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
ON MAY 20, 2011
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 183
þ
(check appropriate box or boxes)
GMO TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Address of principal executive offices)
617-330-7500
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
J.B. Kittredge, Esq.
GMO Trust
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Copy to:
Thomas R. Hiller, Esq.
Ropes & Gray LLP
Prudential Tower
800 Boylston Street
Boston, MA 02199-3600
(Name and address of agents for service)
It is proposed that this filing become effective immediately upon filing in accordance with Section
8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
This filing relates solely to GMO Benchmark-Free Fund. No information contained herein is intended
to amend or supersede any prior filing relating to any other series of the Registrant.
PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM
May 20, 2011
GMO Benchmark-Free Fund
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Class III
GMO Benchmark-Free Fund
(the Fund) is a separate investment portfolio of GMO Trust (the
Trust). The Trust is an open-end management investment company and operates as a series
investment company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, including the Fund.
Other portfolios are described in separate prospectuses or private placement memoranda. At this
time, the Fund does not intend to offer its shares publicly.
Investment Manager
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
This Private Placement Memorandum concisely describes the information which you ought to
know about the Fund before investing. Please read this memorandum carefully and keep it for
further reference. A Statement of Additional Information dated May 20, 2011, as revised from time
to time (SAI), is available free of charge by writing to GMO Shareholder Services, 40 Rowes
Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling 1-617-346-7646. The SAI, which contains more
detailed information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) and is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum.
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS
AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD UNLESS SO
REGISTERED OR IN TRANSACTIONS EXEMPT THEREFROM. HOWEVER, THE SECURITIES ARE REDEEMABLE AS
DESCRIBED IN THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM. IN CERTAIN CASES INVESTORS MAY BE REDEEMED
IN-KIND AND RECEIVE PORTFOLIO SECURITIES HELD BY THE FUND IN LIEU OF CASH UPON REDEMPTION.
THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE
USE OF THE RECIPIENT FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF EVALUATING THE PRIVATE PLACEMENT OF SHARES OF THE FUND
DESCRIBED HEREIN. IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED, PROVIDED, OR DISCLOSED TO OTHERS, OR USED FOR ANY
OTHER PURPOSE, WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION, AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY SHARES OF THE FUND TO ANY ENTITY OR INDIVIDUAL NOT POSSESSING THE
QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIBED IN THIS MEMORANDUM.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION WITH
RESPECT TO THE SHARES EXCEPT SUCH INFORMATION AS IS CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM AND IN THE SAI OR
IN OTHER MATERIALS APPROVED BY THE TRUST. NO SALES MADE IN RELIANCE ON THIS DOCUMENT SHALL UNDER
ANY CIRCUMSTANCES CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN MATTERS DISCUSSED HEREIN
SINCE THE DATE HEREOF.
FUND SUMMARY
Fees and Expenses
The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of
the Fund.
Shareholder fees
(fees paid directly from your investment):
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Class III
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Purchase premium (as a percentage of amount invested)
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0.09
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%
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Redemption fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed)
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0.09
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%
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
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Class III
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Management fee
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0.00
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%
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Shareholder Service Fee
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0.00
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%
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Other expenses
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0.19
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%
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Acquired fund fees and expenses (underlying fund expenses)
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0.54
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%
1
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Total annual fund operating expenses
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0.73
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%
1
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Expense reimbursement
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(0.19
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%)
2
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Total annual operating expenses after expense reimbursement
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0.54
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%
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(Fund and underlying fund expenses)
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1
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The amount has been restated to reflect current fees of certain underlying funds.
These indirect expenses include interest expense that may be incurred by certain underlying funds
and also include, to the extent applicable, purchase premiums and redemption fees (transaction
fees) charged by certain underlying funds. Net fees and expenses of underlying funds (before
addition of interest expense and transaction fees and as restated), indirect interest expense, and
indirect transaction fees were 0.50%, 0.01%, and 0.03%, respectively.
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2
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Subject to certain exclusions (Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses), Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO) has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund to the
extent the Funds total annual operating expenses exceed 0.00% of the Funds average daily net
assets. Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses include expenses incurred indirectly by investment in
underlying funds, investment-related costs and other expenses described under Expense
Reimbursement in this Private Placement Memorandum. This expense limitation will continue through
at least June 30, 2012 and may not be terminated prior to this date without consent by the Funds
Board of Trustees.
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Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs when it buys and sells securities. A higher portfolio turnover
rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held
in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses,
affect the Funds performance. Because the Fund had not commenced operations as of the date of this
Private Placement Memorandum, the Funds portfolio turnover rate is not available.
-1-
Management of the Fund
Investment Adviser: Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
Investment Division and Senior Members of GMO responsible for day-to-day management of the Fund:
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Investment Division
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Senior Member (Length of Service)
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Title
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Asset Allocation
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Ben Inker (since 1996)
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Director, GMO Asset Allocation Division
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Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
Currently, shares of the Fund are available for purchase by investors that are accredited
investors as defined in Regulation D under the securities Act of 1933.
Eligibility to purchase Fund shares or different classes of Fund shares depends on the
clients meeting either (i) the minimum Total Fund Investment, which includes only a clients
total investment in the Fund, or (ii) the minimum Total GMO Investment, both set forth in the
table below. No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of the
Fund.
Minimum Investment Criteria for Class Eligibility
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Minimum Total Fund Investment
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Minimum Total GMO Investment
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Class III Shares
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N/A
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$10 million
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Fund shares are redeemable, and under ordinary circumstances you may redeem the Funds shares
when the NYSE is open for business. Redemption requests should be submitted directly to the Trust.
For instructions on redeeming shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com.
Tax Information
The Fund normally distributes net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to
shareholders. These distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains,
unless you are an entity that is exempt from income tax or are investing through a tax-advantaged
account. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, you may be taxed upon withdrawal of
monies from that account.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RISKS, AND EXPENSES
This Private Placement Memorandum is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments,
employ strategies, and be exposed to risks that are not described in this Private Placement
Memorandum. More information about the Funds investments and strategies is contained in the SAI.
Except for policies identified in the SAI as fundamental, the Funds Board of Trustees
(Trustees) may change the Funds investment objective or policies without shareholder approval.
There is no guarantee that the Fund will be able to achieve its investment objective.
The Fund, by
itself, is not intended to provide a complete investment program, and investment in the Fund should
only be considered as part of a diversified portfolio that includes other investments.
-2-
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks a positive total return. The Fund does not have a particular securities market
index as a benchmark and does not seek to outperform a particular index or blend of indices (
e.g.
,
the Fund seeks positive return, not relative return).
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund is a fund of funds and invests primarily in shares of other funds of the Trust (GMO
Funds), which may include the International Equity Funds, the U.S. Equity Funds, the Fixed Income
Funds, GMO Alpha Only Fund, GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund,
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO Special Situations Fund, and GMO World Opportunity
Overlay Fund (collectively, the underlying Funds), each of which is described in a separate
prospectus or private placement memorandum (see Additional Information About the Funds Investment
Strategies, Risks, and Expenses). In addition, the Fund may hold securities (particularly
asset-backed securities) directly or through one or more subsidiaries or other entities. The Fund
implements its strategy by allocating its assets among asset classes represented by the underlying
Funds (
e.g.
, foreign equity, U.S. equity, emerging country equity, emerging country debt, foreign
fixed income, U.S. fixed income, and commodities). The Fund is not restricted in its exposure to
any particular asset class, and at times may be substantially invested in underlying Funds that
primarily invest in a single asset class (
e.g.
, Fixed Income Funds). In addition, the Fund is not
restricted in its exposure to any particular market. Although the Fund generally will have exposure
to both emerging countries and developed countries, including the U.S., at times, it also may have
substantial exposure to a particular country or type of country (
e.g.
, emerging countries).
The Manager uses multi-year forecasts of relative value and risk among asset classes (
e.g.
,
foreign equity, U.S. equity, emerging country equity, emerging country debt, foreign fixed income,
U.S. fixed income, and commodities) to select the underlying Funds in which the Fund invests and to
decide how much to invest in each. The Manager changes the Funds holdings of underlying Funds in
response to changes in its investment outlook and market valuations and may use redemption/purchase
activity to rebalance the Funds investments. The Managers ability to shift investments among the
underlying Funds is not subject to any limits. The Fund may invest substantially all of its assets
in a few underlying Funds that primarily invest in the same asset class and may, at times, also
invest a substantial portion of its assets in a single underlying Fund.
The Fund also may invest in unaffiliated money market funds and GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (U.S.
Treasury Fund), a GMO Fund described in a separate prospectus.
The Fund normally does not take temporary defensive positions. To the extent the Fund takes a
temporary defensive position, or otherwise holds cash, cash equivalents, or high quality debt
investments on a temporary basis, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Tax Consequences and Portfolio Turnover
Unless otherwise specified in this Private Placement Memorandum or in the SAI, the Manager is
not obligated to, and generally will not, consider tax consequences when seeking to achieve the
Funds investment objective (
e.g.
, the Fund may engage in transactions that are not tax efficient
for U.S. federal income or other federal, state, local, or non-U.S. tax purposes). Portfolio
turnover is not a principal consideration when the Manager makes investment decisions for the Fund.
The Fund has not placed a limit on the rate of portfolio turnover and portfolio securities may be
sold without regard to the time they have been held when, in the opinion of the Manager, investment
considerations warrant such action. Based on its assessment of market conditions and purchase or
redemption requests, the Manager may cause the Fund to
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trade more frequently at some times than at others. High turnover rates may adversely affect
the Funds performance by generating higher transaction costs. Additionally, portfolio turnover may
give rise to additional taxable income for shareholders, including through the realization of
capital gains or other types of income that are taxable to Fund shareholders when distributed to
them unless the shareholders themselves are exempt from taxation or otherwise investing in the Fund
through tax-advantaged accounts. If portfolio turnover results in the recognition of short-term
capital gains, those gains typically are taxed to shareholders, when distributed to them, at
ordinary income tax rates. See Distributions and Taxes below for more information about the tax
consequences of these types of income.
Certain Definitions
When used in this Private Placement Memorandum, the term invest includes both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct investments and
indirect investments. For example, the Fund may invest indirectly by investing in another Fund or
by investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments. When used in this Private Placement
Memorandum, (i) the terms equity investments and equities refer to investments (as defined
above) in common stocks and other stock-related securities, such as preferred stocks, convertible
securities, and depositary receipts, (ii) the term total return includes capital appreciation and
income, (iii) the term emerging countries means the worlds less developed countries; and (iv)
the terms fixed income securities and bonds include (i) obligations of an issuer to make
payments of principal and/or interest (whether fixed or variable) on future dates and (ii)
synthetic debt instruments created by the Manager by using derivatives (e.g., a futures contract,
swap contract, currency forward or option).
When used in this Private Placement Memorandum, references to the U.S. Equity Funds,
International Equity Funds, and/or Fixed Income Funds include the GMO Funds listed below:
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U.S. Equity Funds
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Fixed Income Funds
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U.S. Core Equity Fund
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Domestic Bond Fund
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Tobacco-Free Core Fund
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Core Plus Bond Fund
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Quality Fund*
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International Bond Fund
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U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund
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Strategic Fixed Income Fund
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U.S. Growth Fund
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Currency Hedged International Bond Fund
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U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Fund
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Global Bond Fund
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U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund
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Emerging Country Debt Fund
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Real Estate Fund
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Short-Duration Investment Fund
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Short-Duration Collateral Fund
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International Equity Funds
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Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund
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International Core Equity Fund
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Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund
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International Intrinsic Value Fund
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U.S. Treasury Fund
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International Growth Equity Fund
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Asset Allocation Bond Fund
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Developed World Stock Fund
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Asset Allocation International Bond Fund
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International Small Companies Fund
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Emerging Markets Fund
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Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund
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Flexible Equities Fund
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Currency Hedged International Equity Fund
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*
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Although Quality Fund is categorized as a U.S. Equity Fund, Quality Fund also invests in
non-U.S. equities.
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-4-
Annual Fund Operating Expenses Other Expenses and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
The amount listed under Other expenses in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses table
included in the Funds summary generally reflects direct expenses associated with an investment in
the Fund for the Funds initial fiscal year. The Fund may invest in other GMO Funds and certain
other pooled investment vehicles (underlying funds), and the indirect net expenses associated
with the Funds investment in underlying funds are reflected in the Annual Fund Operating
Expenses table under Acquired fund fees and expenses. Acquired fund fees and expenses do not
include expenses associated with investments in the securities of unaffiliated issuers unless those
issuers hold themselves out to be investment companies, and actual indirect expenses will vary
depending on the particular underlying funds in which the Fund invests.
Description of Principal Risks
Investing in the Fund involves many risks, and factors that may affect the Funds portfolio as
a whole, called principal risks, are discussed in this section. The risks of investing in the
Fund depend on the types of investments in its portfolio and the investment strategies the Manager
employs on its behalf. This section describes the nature of these principal risks and some related
risks, but is not intended to include every potential risk. The Fund could be subject to additional
risks because the types of investments it makes and market conditions may change over time. The SAI
includes more information about the Fund and its investments.
Because the Fund invests in other GMO Funds and other investment companies (as indicated under
Principal Investment Strategies in Additional Information About the Funds Investment
Strategies, Risks, and Expenses), it is exposed to all the risks to which the underlying funds in
which it invests are exposed. Therefore, unless otherwise noted, the principal risks summarized
below include both direct and indirect principal risks of the Fund, and, as indicated in the
Additional Information About the Funds Investment Strategies, Risks, and Expenses section of
this Private Placement Memorandum, references in this section to investments made by the Fund
include those made both directly by the Fund and indirectly by the Fund through other GMO Funds or
an unaffiliated money market fund. Some of the underlying GMO Funds are non-diversified investment
companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and therefore a decline in the
market value of a particular security held by those GMO Funds may affect their performance more
than if they were diversified.
The Fund, by itself, generally is not intended to provide a complete investment program.
Investment in the Fund is intended to serve as part of a diversified portfolio of investments. An
investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and, therefore, is not insured or guaranteed by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
MARKET RISK EQUITY SECURITIES RISK.
The Fund is subject to market risk, which is
the risk that the value of Fund holdings may decline. The Fund with has significant investments in
equity investments and therefore runs the risk that the market value of those investments will
decline. The market value of equity investments may decline for reasons that directly relate to the
issuing company, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the
issuers goods or services. It also may decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or
industries, such as a decline in demand, labor or raw material shortages, increased production
costs, regulation, or competitive industry conditions. In addition, it may decline due to general
market conditions that are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or
perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings,
changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally. Equity securities
generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities and other investments with a
predetermined stream of payments, and the market price of equity securities owned by the Fund is
more susceptible to moving up or down in a rapid or unpredictable manner.
-5-
The Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in equities and generally does not
take temporary defensive positions. As a result, declines in stock market prices generally are
likely to reduce the market value of the Funds investments.
If the Fund purchases equity investments at a discount from its value as determined by the
Manager, the Fund runs the risk that the prices of these investments will not increase to that
value or that the Manager has overestimated that value.
Equity investments trading at higher multiples of current earnings than other securities have
market values that often are more sensitive to changes in future earnings expectations than other
securities. At times when the market is concerned that these expectations may not be met, the
market values of growth securities typically fall.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT RISK.
Funds that invest in foreign (non-U.S.) securities are
subject to additional and more varied risks. The securities markets of many foreign countries
involve securities of only a limited number of companies in a limited number of industries. As a
result, the market prices of those securities may fluctuate more than those of U.S. securities. In
addition, issuers of foreign securities often are not subject to the same degree of regulation as
U.S. issuers. Reporting, accounting, custody, and auditing standards of foreign countries differ,
in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards. Foreign portfolio transactions generally involve
higher commission rates, transfer taxes, and custodial costs. The Fund may be subject to foreign
taxation on realized capital gains, dividends or interest payable on those securities, on
transactions in those securities, or otherwise on the repatriation of proceeds generated from those
securities. Transaction-based charges are generally calculated as a percentage of the transaction
amount and are paid upon the sale or transfer of portfolio securities subject to such taxes. In
addition, some jurisdictions may limit the Funds ability to profit from short term trading (as
defined in the relevant jurisdiction).
Also, investments in foreign countries bear the risk of nationalization, expropriation or
confiscatory taxation of assets of issuers to which the Fund is exposed, adverse changes in
investment regulations, capital requirements or exchange controls (which may include suspension of
the ability to transfer currency from a country), political changes, and diplomatic developments
that could adversely affect the value of the Funds investments.
In some foreign markets, custody arrangements for foreign securities may offer significantly
fewer protections than custody arrangements in U.S. markets, and prevailing custody and trade
settlement practices (e.g., the requirement to pay for securities prior to receipt) may expose the
Fund to credit and other risks with respect to participating brokers, custodians, clearing banks or
other clearing agents, escrow agents and issuers. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates
also will impact the value of the Funds foreign investments (see Currency Risk below).
U.S. investors are required to maintain a license to invest directly in many foreign markets,
and there are risks associated with any license that the Fund needs to maintain. These licenses are
often subject to limitations, including maximum investment amounts. Once a license is obtained, the
Funds ability to continue to invest directly is subject to the risk that the license will be
terminated or suspended. If a license is terminated or suspended, the Fund will be required to
obtain exposure to the market through the purchase of American Depositary Receipts, Global
Depositary Receipts, shares of other funds that are licensed to invest directly, or derivative
instruments. The receipt of a foreign license by one of the Managers clients may preclude other
clients, including the Fund, from obtaining a similar license, and this could limit the Funds
investment opportunities. In addition, the activities of another of the Managers clients could
cause the suspension or revocation of a license and thereby limit the Funds investment
opportunities.
-6-
The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in securities of issuers tied
economically to emerging countries (or investments related to emerging markets) and is therefore
subject to greater foreign investment risk than Funds investing primarily in more developed foreign
countries (or markets). The risks of investing in those securities include: greater fluctuations in
currency exchange rates; increased risk of default (by both government and private issuers);
greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including the risk of war or
natural disaster); increased risk of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation of
assets of issuers to which the Fund is exposed; greater governmental involvement in the economy;
less governmental supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those
markets; controls on foreign investment, capital controls and limitations on repatriation of
invested capital, dividends, interest and other income and on the Funds ability to exchange local
currencies for U.S. dollars; inability to purchase and sell investments or otherwise settle
security or derivative transactions (
i.e.
, a market freeze); unavailability of currency hedging
techniques; differences in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards and resulting
unavailability of material information about issuers; slower clearance and settlement; difficulties
in obtaining and/or enforcing legal judgments; and significantly smaller market capitalizations of
issuers.
MARKET RISK FIXED INCOME SECURITIES RISK.
Because the Fund may invest a significant
portion of its assets in fixed income securities (including bonds, notes, bills, synthetic debt
instruments, and asset-backed securities) it is subject to various market risks. These risks
include, but are not limited to, loss on investments in asset-backed and other fixed income
securities, lack of liquidity of these investments, and impact of fluctuating interest rates.
During periods of economic uncertainty and change, the market price of the Funds investments in
below investment grade securities (i.e., junk bonds) may be particularly volatile. Often junk
bonds are subject to greater sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes and present
valuation difficulties. See Credit Risk below for more information about credit risk. Fixed
income securities are also subject to liquidity risk. See Liquidity Risk below.
A principal risk run by the Fund is that an increase in prevailing interest rates will cause
the value of those investments to decline. The risk associated with increases in interest rates
(also called interest rate risk) is generally greater when the Fund invests in fixed income
securities with longer durations and in some cases duration can increase.
The extent to which a securitys value moves with interest rates is referred to as interest
rate duration, which can be measured mathematically or empirically. Longer-maturity investments
generally have longer interest rate durations because the investments fixed rate is locked in for
longer periods of time. Floating-rate or adjustable-rate securities, however, generally have
shorter interest rate durations because their interest rates are not fixed but rather float up and
down with the level of prevailing interest rates. Conversely, inverse floating rate securities have
durations that move in opposite directions of short-term interest rates, and tend to underperform
the market for fixed rate securities in a rising interest rate environment but outperform the
market when interest rates decline. To the extent the Fund invests in fixed income securities
paying no interest, such as zero coupon and principal-only securities, it will be exposed to
additional interest rate risk.
The value of inflation indexed bonds (including Inflation-Protected Securities issued by the
U.S. Treasury (TIPS)) is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Their
value typically will decline during periods of rising real interest rates and increase during
periods of declining real interest rates (i.e., nominal interest rate minus inflation). Real
interest rates may not fluctuate in the same manner as nominal interest rates. In some interest
rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates,
the value of inflation indexed bonds may decline more than the value of non-inflation indexed (or
nominal) fixed income bonds with similar maturities. There can be no assurance that the value of
the Funds inflation indexed bonds will be directly correlated to changes in nominal interest
rates, and short term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in their value. Moreover, if the
index measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation indexed bond investments will be
adjusted downward, and,
-7-
consequently, the interest payable on these investments (calculated with respect to a smaller
principal amount) will be reduced. The interest payments on these investments cannot be known with
certainty. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is
guaranteed in the case of TIPS. The risks associated with inflation indexed bonds are particularly
pronounced for Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund, which primarily invests in inflation indexed bonds
and has exposure to TIPS.
Generally, when interest rates on short term U.S. Treasury obligations equal or approach zero,
a Fund that invests a substantial portion of its assets in U.S. Treasury obligations, such as U.S.
Treasury Fund, will have a negative return unless the Manager waives or reduces its management
fees.
Market risk for fixed income securities denominated in foreign currencies is also amplified by
currency risk. See Currency Risk below.
MARKET RISK ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES RISK.
Investments in asset-backed securities
are subject to all of the market risks for fixed-income securities described above under Fixed
Income Securities Risk and other market risks. These risks include, but are not limited to, loss
on investments, lack of liquidity, and impact of fluctuating interest rates.
Asset-backed securities are subject to severe credit downgrades, illiquidity, and declines in
market value. These risks may be particularly acute during periods of adverse market conditions,
such as those that occurred in 2008. Asset-backed securities may be backed by many types of assets,
including pools of residential and commercial mortgages, automobile loans, educational loans, home
equity loans, or credit-card receivables. They also may be backed by pools of corporate or
sovereign bonds, bank loans made to corporations, or a combination of these bonds and loans
(commonly referred to as collateralized debt obligations or collateralized loan obligations)
and by the fees earned by service providers. Payment of interest on asset-backed securities and
repayment of principal largely depend on the cash flows generated by the assets backing the
securities. The market risk of a particular asset-backed security depends on many factors,
including the deal structure (
e.g.
, determination as to the amount of underlying assets or other
support needed to produce the cash flows necessary to service interest and make principal
payments), the quality of the underlying assets and, if any, the level of credit support and the
credit quality of the credit-support provider. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of
principal if obligors of the underlying obligations default and the value of the defaulted
obligations exceeds the credit support. The obligations of issuers (and obligors of underlying
assets) also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies
of creditors. See Credit Risk below for more information about credit risk.
With the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that occurred and became
acute in 2008, the markets for asset-backed securities became fractured, and uncertainty about the
creditworthiness of those securities (and underlying assets) caused credit spreads (the difference
between yields on the asset-backed securities and U.S. Government securities) to widen
dramatically. Concurrently, systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman
Brothers and subsequent market disruptions reduced the ability of financial institutions to make
markets in many fixed income securities. These events reduced liquidity and contributed to
substantial declines in the value of asset-backed and other fixed income securities. There can be
no assurance these conditions will not occur again. Also, government actions and proposals
affecting the terms of underlying home and consumer loans, changes in demand for products (
e.g.
,
automobiles) financed by those loans, and the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans
(
e.g.
, sub-prime mortgages) have had, and may continue to have, adverse valuation and liquidity
effects on asset-backed securities.
The value of an asset-backed security may depend on the servicing of its underlying assets and
is, therefore, subject to risks associated with the negligence or defalcation of its servicer. In
some circumstances,
-8-
the mishandling of related documentation also may affect the rights of security holders in and
to the underlying assets. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize the
assets may result in a decline in the value of the underlying assets, as well as costs and delays.
The obligations underlying asset-backed securities, in particular securities backed by pools of
residential and commercial mortgages, also are subject to unscheduled prepayment, and the Fund may
be unable to invest prepayments at as high a yield as is provided by the asset-backed security.
The risk of investing in asset-backed securities has increased because performance of the
various sectors in which the assets underlying asset-backed securities are concentrated (
e.g.
, auto
loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and credit card receivables) has become more highly
correlated since the deterioration in worldwide economic and liquidity conditions referred to
above. See Focused Investment Risk below for more information about risks of investing in
correlated sectors. A single financial institution may serve as a trustee for multiple asset-backed
securities. As a result, a disruption in that institutions business may have a material impact on
multiple investments.
SMALLER COMPANY RISK.
Market risk and liquidity risk are particularly pronounced for
securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, including small- and mid-cap
companies. These companies may have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources or they
may depend on a few key employees. In addition, their securities often are less widely held and
trade less frequently and in lesser quantities, and their market prices often fluctuate more, than
the securities of companies with larger market capitalizations.
LIQUIDITY RISK.
The effect of liquidity risk is particularly pronounced when low
trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large position, or legal restrictions (including daily
price fluctuation limits or circuit breakers) limit or prevent the Fund from selling particular
securities or closing derivative positions at desirable prices. In addition, holding less liquid
securities increases the likelihood that the Fund will honor redemption requests in-kind. Because
the Funds principal investment strategies involve the use of derivatives (in particular OTC
derivatives), investing in fixed income securities (in particular asset-backed securities), and
foreign securities (in particular emerging market securities) it has increased exposure to
liquidity risk and the Funds investments often are less liquid than other types of securities.
These types of investments can be difficult to value and are more likely to be fair valued (see
Determination of Net Asset Value), resulting in differences between the values realized on the
sale of the investments and the value at which the investments are carried on the books of the
Fund. Less liquid securities are more susceptible to loss of value and their prices may decline
more than other securities when markets decline generally.
The Fund is also exposed to liquidity risk when it has an obligation to purchase particular
securities (
e.g.
, as a result of entering into reverse repurchase agreements, writing a put, or
closing out a short position). Some of the markets, exchanges, or securities in which the Fund
invests may prove to be less liquid and this would affect the price at which, and the time period
in which, the Fund may liquidate positions to meet redemption requests or other funding
requirements. Although U.S. Treasury securities have historically been among the most liquid fixed
income investments, there can be no assurance that these securities will not become less liquid in
the future.
DERIVATIVES RISK.
The Fund may invest in derivatives, which are financial contracts
whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or
indices, and include foreign currency contracts, swap contracts, reverse repurchase agreements, and
other OTC contracts. Derivatives may relate to securities, interest rates, currencies or currency
exchange rates, inflation rates, commodities, and related indices. The SAI contains a description
of the various types and uses of derivatives in the Funds investment strategies.
-9-
The use of derivatives involves risks different from, and potentially greater than, the risks
associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. In particular,
the use of OTC derivatives exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty to a derivatives
contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise to honor its
obligations. OTC derivatives contracts typically can be closed out only with the other party to the
contract. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies but may not be able
to enforce them. Because the contract for each OTC derivative is individually negotiated, the
counterparty may interpret contractual terms (
e.g.
, the definition of default) differently than the
Fund and if that occurs, the Fund may decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty
rather than incur the cost and unpredictability of legal proceedings. The Fund, therefore, may be
unable to obtain payments the Manager believes are owed to it under OTC derivatives contracts or
those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation.
The Fund may invest in derivatives that do not provide for the counterpartys obligations to
be secured by collateral (e.g., foreign currency forwards), that require collateral but the Funds
security interest in it is not perfected, that require a significant upfront deposit by the Fund
unrelated to the derivatives intrinsic value, or that do not require the collateral to be
regularly marked-to-market (e.g., certain OTC derivatives). Even where obligations are required by
contract to be collateralized, there is usually a lag between the day the collateral is called for
and the day the Fund receives it. When a counterpartys obligations are not fully secured by
collateral, the Fund is exposed to the risk of having limited recourse if the counterparty
defaults. The Fund may invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties, and events
affecting the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the
Fund. Derivatives risk is particularly acute in environments (like those experienced recently) in
which financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the
insolvency of Lehman Brothers and subsequent market disruptions. During these periods of market
disruptions, the Fund may have a greater need for cash to provide collateral for large swings in
its mark-to-market obligations under the derivatives used by the Fund.
Derivatives also present risks described elsewhere in this Description of Principal Risks
section, including market risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, credit risk, and counterparty risk.
Many derivatives, in particular OTC derivatives, are complex and their valuation often requires
modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, and there can
be no assurance that the pricing models employed by the Fund or their pricing agents will produce
valuations that are consistent with the values realized when OTC derivatives are actually closed
out or sold. This valuation risk is more pronounced when the Fund enters into OTC derivatives with
specialized terms because the value of those derivatives in some cases is determined only by
reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. As a result, improper valuations may
result in increased cash payments to counterparties, undercollateralization and/or errors in the
calculation of the Funds net asset value.
There can be no assurance that the Funds use of derivatives will be effective or will have
the desired results. Moreover, suitable derivatives are not available in all circumstances. For
example, the economic costs of taking some derivative positions may be prohibitive, and if a
counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will not be
permitted to trade with that counterparty. In addition, the Manager may decide not to use
derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce the Funds risk exposures.
Derivatives also involve the risk that changes in their value may not correlate perfectly with
the assets, rates, or indices they are designed to track. The use of derivatives also may increase
the taxes payable by shareholders. When the Fund uses credit default swaps to obtain synthetic
long exposure to a fixed income security such as a debt instrument or index of debt instruments,
the Fund is exposed to the risk that it will be required to pay the notional value of the swap
contract in the event of a default.
-10-
Swap contracts and other OTC derivatives are highly susceptible to liquidity risk (see
Liquidity Risk above) and counterparty risk (see Counterparty Risk below), and are subject to
documentation risks. In addition, the Fixed Income Funds are not limited in the extent to which
they may use derivatives or in the absolute face value of their derivative positions, and, as a
result, they may be leveraged in relation to their assets (see Leveraging Risk below).
The U.S. government recently enacted legislation which includes provisions for new regulation
of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting and registration requirements.
Because the legislation leaves much to rule making, its ultimate impact remains unclear. The
regulatory changes could, among other things, restrict the Funds ability to engage in derivatives
transactions (including because certain types of derivatives transactions may no longer be
available to the Fund) and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions (including
through increased margin or capital requirements), and the Fund may be unable to execute its
investment strategy as a result. It is unclear how the regulatory changes will affect counterparty
risk.
CURRENCY RISK.
Currency risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates will
adversely affect the value of the Funds investments. Currency risk includes the risk that
currencies in which the Funds investments are traded and/or in which the Fund receives income, or
currencies in which the Fund has taken an active investment position, will decline in value
relative to other currencies. In the case of hedging positions, currency risk includes the risk
that the currency to which the Fund has obtained exposure declines in value relative to the foreign
currency being hedged. In such event, the Fund may realize a loss on the hedging instrument at the
same time the Fund is realizing a loss on the currency being hedged. Currency exchange rates
fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including changes in supply and demand in the currency
exchange markets, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, intervention (or the failure to
intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks, or supranational agencies such as the
International Monetary Fund, and currency controls or other political and economic developments in
the U.S. or abroad.
The Fund uses derivatives to acquire positions in currencies whose value the Manager expects
to correlate with the value of currencies the Fund owns, currencies the Manager wants the Fund to
own, or currencies the Fund is exposed to through its investments. If the exchange rates of the
currencies involved do not move as expected, the Fund could lose money on its holdings of a
particular currency and also lose money on the derivative. The Fund also takes overweighted or
underweighted currency positions and/or alter the currency exposure of the securities in which they
have invested. As a result, their currency exposure may differ (in some cases significantly) from
the currency exposure of their security investments and/or their benchmarks. See also Foreign
Investment Risk above.
Funds with foreign currency holdings and/or that invest or trade in securities denominated in
foreign currencies or related derivatives may be adversely affected by changes in the exchange
rates of foreign currencies. In addition, certain emerging country currencies are illiquid, and,
in certain cases, the Fund may not be able to covert these currencies into U.S. dollars, in which
case the Manager may decide to purchase U.S. dollars in a parallel market where the exchange rate
could be materially and adversely different. Exchange rates for emerging country currencies may be
particularly affected by exchange control regulations.
Derivative transactions in foreign currencies (such as futures, forwards, options, and swaps)
may involve leveraging risk in addition to currency risk, as described below under Leveraging
Risk. In addition, the obligations of counterparties in currency derivative transactions may not
be secured by collateral, which increases counterparty risk (see Counterparty Risk below).
-11-
FUND OF FUNDS RISK AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS.
The Fund will invest in shares of
other investment companies, including other GMO Funds and money market funds (underlying funds),
and is exposed to the risk that the underlying funds do not perform as expected.
Because the Fund bears the fees and expenses of the underlying funds in which it invests
(absent reimbursement of those expenses), the Fund will incur additional expenses when investing in
underlying funds. In addition, the fees and expenses associated with an investment in the Fund will
be less predictable and may potentially be higher than fees of other asset allocation funds with
similar investment programs.
The Fund also is indirectly exposed to all of the risks applicable to an investment in the
underlying funds. In addition, funds that invest in shares of other GMO Funds also are likely to
be subject to Large Shareholder Risk because underlying GMO Funds are more likely to have large
shareholders (
e.g.
, other GMO Funds).
Because some underlying funds (e.g., many of the Fixed Income Funds) in turn invest a
substantial portion of their assets in other GMO Funds pursuant to an exemptive order obtained from
the SEC, the Asset Allocation Funds, including the Fund, have more tiers of investments than funds
in other groups of investment companies operating only pursuant to statutory and/or regulatory
exemptions. In addition, the Fund is likely to be subject to Large Shareholder Risk because
underlying GMO Funds are more likely to have large shareholders (e.g., other GMO Funds).
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL RISK.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it
relies on the Managers ability to achieve its investment objective. The Manager uses proprietary
investment techniques in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there is no assurance that
the Manager will achieve the desired results and the Fund may incur significant losses. The
Manager, for example, may fail to use derivatives effectively, choosing to hedge or not to hedge
positions at disadvantageous times. The Funds portfolio managers may use quantitative analyses
and/or models and any imperfections in such analyses and model limitations could affect the ability
of the portfolio managers to implement strategies in accordance with their views. By necessity,
these analyses and models make simplifying assumptions that limit their ability to accurately
predict future market events. Models that have demonstrated an ability to explain prior market data
often fail to accurately predict future market events. Further, the data used in models may be
inaccurate and/or it may not include the most recent information about a company or a security,
which would impact the models ability to assist the Funds portfolio managers. There also can be
no assurance that all of the Managers personnel will continue to be associated with the Manager
for any length of time. The loss of the services of one or more employees of the Manager could
have an adverse impact on the Funds ability to achieve its investment objective.
CREDIT RISK.
This is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security
(including an asset-backed security) will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal or
interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations. The value of a fixed income security normally
will decline as a result of the issuers defaulting on its payment obligations or the markets
expectation of a default, which may be triggered by the downgrading of the issuers credit rating.
This risk is particularly acute in environments (like those experienced recently) in which
financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of
Lehman Brothers in 2008 and subsequent market disruptions.
All fixed income securities are subject to credit risk. Financial strength and solvency of an
issuer are the primary factors influencing credit risk. The risk varies depending upon whether the
issuer is a corporation or domestic or foreign government (or sub-division or instrumentality) and
whether the particular security has a priority in payment of principal and interest or any
collateral backing or credit enhancement. Credit risk may change over the life of a fixed income
security. U.S. government securities are subject to varying degrees of
-12-
credit risk depending upon whether the securities are supported by the full faith and credit
of the United States, supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, supported only by
the credit of the issuing U.S. government agency, instrumentality, or corporation, or otherwise
supported by the United States. For example, issuers of many types of U.S. government securities
(e.g., the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage
Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home Loan Banks), although chartered or sponsored by
Congress, are not funded by Congressional appropriations and their fixed income securities,
including mortgage backed and other asset-backed securities, are neither guaranteed nor insured by
the U.S. government. These securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government
securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S.
Treasury bonds). Investments in sovereign debt involve the risk that the governmental entities
responsible for repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to pay interest and repay
principal when due.
As noted under Market Risk Asset-Backed Securities above, asset-backed securities may be
backed by many types of assets, including pools of residential and commercial mortgages, automobile
loans, educational loans, home equity loans and credit-card receivables. Asset-backed securities
also may be collateralized by the fees earned by service providers. They also may be backed by
pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans made to corporations, or a combination of these
bonds and loans (commonly referred to as collateralized debt obligations). Payment of interest on
asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depend on the cash flows generated by
the assets backing the securities. The credit risk of a particular asset-backed security depends on
many factors, including the deal structure (
e.g.
, determination as to the amount of underlying
assets or other support needed to produce the cash flows necessary to service interest and make
principal payments), the quality of the underlying assets, and, if any, the level of credit support
and the credit quality of the credit-support provider. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss
of principal and other risks if obligors of the underlying obligations default and the value of the
defaulted obligations exceeds the credit support.
In some cases, the credit risk of some of the Funds fixed income securities may be broadly
gauged by their credit ratings. The Fund is also subject to varying degrees of risk that the
issuers of the securities will have their credit ratings downgraded. However, credit ratings
reflect only the opinions of the agencies issuing them, may change less quickly than relevant
circumstances, are not absolute guarantees of the quality of the rated securities and are subject
to downgrade. Credit ratings and ratings agencies have recently been criticized for credit ratings
that did not fully reflect the risks of certain securities or that did not reflect such risks in a
timely manner. Additionally, the Manager may rely on its own independent analysis of the credit
quality and risks associated with individual securities considered for the Fund, rather than
relying on ratings agencies or third-party research. Therefore, the Managers capabilities in
analyzing credit quality and associated risks will be particularly important, and there can be no
assurance that the Manager will be successful in this regard.
The obligations of issuers also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws
affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. The Fund also will be exposed to credit risk on the
reference security to the extent it writes protection under credit default swaps. See Derivatives
Risk above for more information regarding risks associated with the use of credit default swaps.
Credit risk is particularly pronounced for below investment grade securities (also known as
junk bonds). The sovereign debt of many foreign governments, including their sub-divisions and
instrumentalities, is below investment grade. Many asset backed securities also are below
investment grade. Although offering the potential for higher investment returns, below investment
grade securities often are less liquid than higher quality securities, present a greater risk of
default and are more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry
conditions. In the event of default of sovereign debt, the Fund may lack recourse against the
sovereign issuer involved.
-13-
COUNTERPARTY RISK.
This is the risk that the counterparty to a repurchase agreement
or reverse repurchase agreement or other OTC derivatives contract, or a borrower of the Funds
securities will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise honor its
obligations. If a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, goes bankrupt, or
otherwise experiences a business interruption, the Fund could miss investment opportunities or
otherwise hold investments it would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund. Counterparty
risk is pronounced during unusually adverse market conditions and is particularly acute in
environments (like those experienced recently) in which financial services firms are exposed to
systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman Brothers in 2008 and subsequent
market disruptions.
Participants in OTC derivatives markets typically are not subject to the same level of credit
evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of exchange-based markets and therefore OTC
derivatives generally involve greater counterparty risk than exchange-traded derivatives. The Fund
is subject to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its
terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide)
or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. If a
counterpartys obligation to the Fund is not collateralized, then the Fund is essentially an
unsecured creditor of the counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have
contractual remedies, but the Fund may be unable to enforce them. Counterparty risk is accentuated
for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the
Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. To the
extent the Fund uses swap contracts, it is subject, in particular, to then creditworthiness of the
contracts counterparties because some types of swap contracts that may be used by the Fund have
durations longer than six months (and, in some cases, a number of decades). In addition, the
creditworthiness of a counterparty may be adversely affected by larger than average volatility in
the markets, even if the counterpartys net market exposure is small relative to its capital.
Counterparty risk is still present even if a counterpartys obligations are secured by collateral
because the Funds interest in collateral may not be perfected or additional collateral may not be
promptly posted as required.
The Fund may have significant exposure to a single counterparty as a result of its use of
swaps and other OTC derivatives. To the extent the Fund has significant exposure to a single
counterparty, this risk will be particularly pronounced for the Fund.
The Fund is also subject to counterparty risk to the extent it executes a significant portion
of its securities transactions through a single broker or dealer. If the broker or dealer fails to
meet its contractual obligations, goes bankrupt, or otherwise experiences a business interruption,
the Fund could miss investment opportunities or be unable to dispose of investments it would prefer
to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund. Counterparty risk with respect to OTC derivatives may
be further complicated by recently enacted U.S. financial reform legislation. See Derivatives
Risk above for more information.
COMMODITIES RISK.
Because of the Funds indirect exposure to the global commodity
markets, the value of its shares is affected by factors particular to the commodity markets and may
fluctuate more than the value of shares of a fund with a broader range of investments. Commodity
prices can be extremely volatile and are affected by many factors, including changes in overall
market movements, real or perceived inflationary trends, commodity index volatility, changes in
interest rates or currency exchange rates, population growth and changing demographics,
nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation, international regulatory, political, and
economic developments (
e.g.
, regime changes and changes in economic activity levels), and
developments affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as drought, floods, or other
weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from substitute products,
transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand, and tariffs.
-14-
The value of the Funds investments in commodity-related derivatives may fluctuate more than
the commodity or commodities or commodity index to which these derivatives relate. See Derivatives
Risk above for a discussion of certain specific risks of the Funds derivatives investments,
including commodity-related derivatives.
LEVERAGING RISK.
The Funds use of reverse repurchase agreements and other
derivatives and securities lending may cause its portfolio to be leveraged (
i.e.
, the Funds
exposure to underlying securities, assets, or currencies exceeds its net asset value). Leverage
increases the Funds portfolio losses when the value of its investments declines. Because many
derivatives have a leverage component (
i.e.
, a notional value in excess of the assets needed to
establish and/or maintain the derivative position), adverse changes in the value or level of the
underlying asset, rate, or index may result in a loss substantially greater than the amount
invested in the derivative itself. In the case of swaps, the risk of loss generally is related to a
notional principal amount, even if the parties have not made any initial investment. Some
derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial
investment. The Funds use of reverse repurchase agreements will also subject the Fund to interest
costs based on the difference between the sale and repurchase price of a security involved in such
a transaction. The Funds portfolio will be leveraged if it borrows money to meet redemption
requests or settle investment transactions or if it avails itself of the right to delay payment on
a redemption.
The Fund may manage some of its derivative positions by offsetting derivative positions
against one another or against other assets. To the extent offsetting positions do not behave in
relation to one another as expected, the Fund may perform as if it were leveraged.
REAL ESTATE RISK.
As the Fund may invest in real-estate related investments, the
value of its portfolio is subject to factors affecting the real estate industry and may fluctuate
more than the value of a portfolio that consists of securities of companies in a broader range of
industries. Factors affecting real estate values include the supply of real property in particular
markets, overbuilding, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, delays in
completion of construction, changes in real estate values, changes in operations costs and property
taxes, levels of occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating expenses, possible environmental
liabilities, regulatory limitations on rent, fluctuations in rental income, increased competition
and other risks related to local and regional market conditions. The value of real-estate related
investments also may be affected by changes in interest rates, macroeconomic developments, and
social and economic trends. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, certain real
estate investment trusts (REITs) that primarily hold mortgages may hold mortgages that the
mortgagors elect to prepay, which prepayment may diminish the yield on securities issued by those
REITs. Certain REITs have relatively small market capitalizations, which may tend to increase the
volatility of the market price of their securities. REITs are subject to the risk of fluctuations
in income from underlying real estate assets, their inability to manage effectively the cash flows
generated by those assets, prepayments and defaults by borrowers, and failing to qualify for the
special tax treatment granted to REITs under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and/or
to maintain their exemption from investment company status under the 1940 Act.
SHORT SALES RISK.
The Fund may utilize short sales in its investment program in an
attempt to increase its returns and/or for hedging purposes. The Fund may seek to hedge investments
or realize additional gains through short sales. The Fund may make short sales against the box,
meaning the Fund may make short sales while owning or having the right to acquire, at no added
cost, securities or currencies identical to those sold short. The Fund incurs transaction costs,
including interest, when opening, maintaining, and closing short sales against the box. Short sales
against the box protect the Fund against the risk of loss in the value of a portfolio security or
currency by offsetting a decline in value of the security or currency by a corresponding gain in
the short position. The converse, however, is that any increase in the value of the security or
currency will be offset by a corresponding loss in the short position.
-15-
In implementing its principal investment strategies, The Fund is permitted to engage in short
sales of securities or currencies that they do not own. To do so, the Fund would borrow a security
(
e.g.
, shares of an exchange-traded fund (ETF)) or currency from a broker and sell it to a third
party. This type of short sale would expose the Fund to the risk that they will be required to
acquire, convert, or exchange securities or currencies to replace the borrowed securities at a time
when the securities or currencies sold short have appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to
the Fund. If the Fund engages in short sales of securities or currencies it does not own, it may
have to pay a premium to borrow the securities or currencies and must pay to the lender any
dividends or interest it receives on the securities or currencies while they are borrowed. In
addition, purchasing securities or currencies to close out a short position can itself cause the
price of the securities or currencies to rise further, thereby exacerbating any losses. Short sales
of securities or currencies the Fund does not own involve a form of investment leverage, and the
amount of the Funds potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
FOCUSED INVESTMENT RISK.
Funds whose investments are focused in particular countries,
regions, sectors, or companies or in industries with high positive correlations to one another
(
e.g.
, different industries within broad sectors, such as technology or financial services) are
subject to greater overall risk than funds whose investments are more diversified. In addition,
Funds that invest in securities of a small number of issuers are subject to greater overall risk
than funds that invest in securities of many different issuers.
The Fund may invest substantially all of its assets in a few underlying Funds that primarily
invest in the same asset class and may, at times, also invest a substantial portion of its assets
in a single underlying Fund. If the Fund focuses its investments in a particular type of asset
class, it is vulnerable to events affecting that asset class. Securities, sectors, or companies
that share common characteristics are often subject to similar business risks and regulatory
burdens, and often react similarly to specific economic, market, political, or other developments.
Similarly, since the Fund may have substantial exposure to a particular country or type of
country (e.g., emerging countries), it may have more exposure to regional and country economic
risks than funds making foreign investments throughout the worlds economies. The political and
economic prospects of one country or group of countries within the same geographic region may
affect other countries in that region. In addition, a recession, debt crisis, or decline in
currency valuation in one country within a region can spread to other countries in that region.
Furthermore, if the Fund invests in the debt or equity securities of companies located in a
particular geographic region or foreign country, it will be particularly vulnerable to events
affecting companies located in that region or country because those companies often share common
characteristics, are exposed to similar business risks and regulatory burdens, and react similarly
to specific economic, market, political, or other developments.
Since the Fund may invest in the securities of a limited number of underlying Funds, it is
particularly exposed to adverse developments affecting those underlying Funds, and a decline in the
market value of a particular security held by the Fund may affect the Funds performance more than
if the Fund invested in the securities of a larger number of issuers.
MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLICITAL RISK.
The Fund is subject to the risk that
geopolitical and other events will disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies
and markets. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have had a substantial effect on economies and
securities markets in the U.S. and worldwide. Terrorism in the U.S. and around the world has had a
similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk. The terrorist attacks of September 11,
2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets for four days, and similar future
events are possible. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future
may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S.
and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, such as
the earth quake and tsunami in Japan in early 2011, and systemic market
-16-
dislocations of the kind surrounding the insolvency of Lehman Brothers in 2008 may be highly
disruptive to economies and markets. Those events as well as other changes in foreign and domestic
economic and political conditions also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups
of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and
other factors affecting the value of the Funds investments. At such times, the Funds exposure to
the risks described elsewhere in this Description of Principal Risks section, including market
risk, liquidity risk, foreign investment risk, currency risk, credit risk and counterparty risk,
will likely increase. Market disruptions can also prevent the Fund from implementing their
investment programs for a period of time and achieving their investment objectives. For example, a
disruption may cause the Funds derivative counterparties to discontinue offering derivatives on
some underlying commodities, securities, reference rates, or indices or to offer such products on a
more limited basis, or the current global economic crisis may strain the U.S. Treasurys ability to
satisfy its obligations.
LARGE SHAREHOLDER RISK.
To the extent that shares of the Fund are held by large
shareholders (
e.g.
, institutional investors), the Fund is subject to the risk that these
shareholders will purchase or redeem Fund shares in large amounts and/or on a frequent basis. In
addition, GMO Funds and other accounts over which GMO has investment discretion that invest in the
Fund are not subject to restrictions on the frequency of trading of Fund shares. These transactions
could adversely affect the Fund if it is forced to sell portfolio securities to raise the cash that
is necessary to satisfy shareholder redemption requests or purchase portfolio securities to invest
cash. This risk is particularly pronounced when one shareholder owns a substantial portion of the
Fund. A substantial percentage of the Fund may be held by other GMO Funds and/or separate accounts
managed by the Manager for its clients. Asset allocation decisions by the Manager may result in
substantial redemptions from (or investments into) the Fund. These transactions may adversely
affect the Funds performance to the extent that the Fund is required to sell investments (or
invest cash) at times when it would not otherwise do so. These transactions also may accelerate the
realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments resulted in gains, and
also may increase transaction costs. These transactions potentially limit the use of any capital
loss carry forwards and certain other losses to offset future realized capital gains (if any) and
may limit or prevent the Funds use of tax equalization. To the extent the Fund invests in other
GMO Funds having large shareholders, the Fund is indirectly subject to this risk.
-17-
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, provides investment management and
shareholder services to the Fund and other GMO Funds. GMO is a private company, founded in 1977.
As of December 31, 2010, GMO managed on a worldwide basis more than $98 billion of assets for the
GMO Funds and other investors, such as pension plans, endowments, and foundations.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, the Manager establishes and modifies when it deems
appropriate the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management of the Funds
investment portfolio and the shareholder services it provides to the Fund, the Manager administers
the Funds business affairs.
The Fund pays the Manager directly or indirectly shareholder service fees for providing client
services, such as performance information reporting, client account information, personal and
electronic access to Fund information, access to analysis and explanations of Fund reports, and
assistance in maintaining and correcting client-related information.
The Manager does not receive management fees from the Fund for management services rendered to
the Fund. The Fund, however, indirectly bears the management fees paid by the underlying Funds in
which the Fund invests.
A discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the Funds initial investment
management contract will be included in the Funds annual or semiannual shareholder report for the
period during which the Trustees approved that contract.
GMOs Asset Allocation Division is responsible for day-to-day investment management of the
Fund. The Divisions investment professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio,
and no one person is primarily responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
Mr. Inker is the senior member and Director of the Asset Allocation Division. Mr. Inker has
been a senior member of the Division since 1996. As senior member and Director, Mr. Inker allocates
responsibility for portions of the Funds portfolio to members of the Division, oversees the
implementation of trades, reviews the overall composition of the portfolio, including compliance
with its stated investment objective and strategies, and monitors cash.
Mr. Inker has been responsible for overseeing the portfolio management of GMOs asset
allocation portfolios since 1996.
The SAI contains information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior member,
other accounts he manages and related conflicts, and his ownership of the Fund.
Custodian, Fund Accounting Agent, and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street Bank), One Lincoln Street, Boston,
Massachusetts 02111, serves as the Funds custodian, fund accounting agent, and transfer agent.
Expense Reimbursement
As more fully described in the Funds Annual Fund Operating Expenses table under the caption
Fees and Expenses in the Funds summary, the Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the
Fund for the portion of the Funds total annual operating expenses that exceed 0.00% of the Funds
average
-18-
daily net assets (the Expense Reimbursement Amount) exclusive of Excluded Fund Fees and
Expenses. As used in this Private Placement Memorandum, Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses means
shareholder service fees, expenses incurred indirectly by investment in other GMO Funds, fees and
expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust and their independent counsel, fees and expenses
for legal services the Manager for the Trust has not undertaken to pay, compensation and expenses
of Trust officers and agents who are not affiliated with GMO, brokerage commissions,
securities-lending fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other
investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments in any company that is an
investment company (including an exchange-traded fund) or would be an investment company under the
1940 Act, but for the exceptions to the definition of investment company provided in Sections
3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and
certain other unusual expenses (including taxes).
The Funds contractual expense limitations will continue through at least June 30, 2012, and
may not be terminated prior to this date without consent by the Funds Board of Trustees.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of the Fund is determined as of the close of regular trading
on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Boston time. The NAV per share for
a class of shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the total value of the Funds portfolio
investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class by the total
number of outstanding shares of that class. NAV is not determined on any days when the NYSE is
closed for business. The Fund also may elect not to determine NAV on days during which no share is
tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share is received by the Fund.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
Exchange-listed securities (other than Exchange-listed options)
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Last sale price or
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Official closing price or
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Most recent bid price (if no reported sale or official closing price) or
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Broker bid (if the private market is more relevant in determining market value
than the exchange)
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(
Also, see discussion in Fair Value Pricing below regarding foreign equity securities.)
Exchange-listed options
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Exchange-traded options are valued at the last sale price, provided that price
is between the closing bid and ask prices. If the last sale price is not within this
range, then they will be valued at the closing bid price for long positions and the
closing ask price for short positions.
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Unlisted securities (if market quotations are readily available)
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Most recent quoted bid price
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-19-
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Note: There can be no assurance that quoted bid prices will be available. If reliable
quotes are not available, the Fund may seek alternative valuation methodologies (e.g.,
valuing the relevant assets at fair value as described below).
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Non-emerging market debt obligations (previously acquired and having sixty days or less to final
maturity)
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Amortized cost (unless circumstances dictate otherwise; for example, if the
issuers creditworthiness has become impaired)
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All other fixed income securities
(includes bonds, asset-backed securities, loans, structured
notes)
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Most recent bid supplied by a single pricing source chosen by the Manager
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Shares of other GMO Funds and other open-end registered investment companies
Fair Value Pricing
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where market prices
are not readily available or circumstances make an existing methodology or procedure unreliable,
the Funds investments are valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees or
pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
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4
In some cases, a significant percentage of the Funds assets may be fair valued. The
value of assets that are fair valued is determined by the Trustees or persons acting at
their direction pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees. Factors that may be
considered in determining fair value include, among others, the value of other financial
instruments traded on other markets, trading volumes, changes in interest rates,
observations from financial institutions, significant events (which may be considered to
include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the
close of the relevant market and before the Funds net asset value is calculated, other news
events, and significant unobservable inputs (including the Funds own assumptions in
determining the fair value of investments). Although the goal of fair valuation is to
determine the amount the owner of the securities might reasonably expect to receive upon
their current sale, because of the uncertainty inherent in fair value pricing, the fair
value determined for a particular security may be materially different from the value
realized upon its sale.
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4
Many foreign securities markets and exchanges close prior to the close of the NYSE, and,
therefore, the closing prices for foreign securities in those markets or on those exchanges
do not reflect events that occur after that close but before the close of the NYSE. As a
result, the Fund generally values those foreign securities (including futures, derivatives
and other securities whose values are based on indices comprised of those securities) as of
the NYSE close using fair value prices, which are based on local closing prices adjusted by
a factor supplied by a third party vendor using that vendors proprietary models.
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The Funds use of fair value pricing may cause the Funds returns to differ from those of
its benchmark or other comparative index more than would otherwise be the case. For example,
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the Fund may fair value its international equity holdings as a result of significant events
that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the time the Funds net asset
value is calculated. In these cases, the benchmark or index may use the local market closing
price, whereas the Fund may use as adjusted fair value price.
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The values of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies, foreign currency balances and
foreign forward currency contracts are typically translated into U.S. dollars at the close of
regular trading on the NYSE, generally at 4:00 p.m. Boston time, at then current exchange rates or
at such other rates as the Trustees or persons acting at their direction may determine in computing
net asset value.
The Manager evaluates pricing sources on an ongoing basis and may change a pricing source at
any time. The Manager normally does not evaluate the prices supplied by pricing sources on a
day-to-day basis. The Manager monitors erratic or unusual movements (including unusual inactivity)
in the prices supplied for a security and has discretion to override a price supplied by a source
(e.g., by taking a price supplied by another) when it believes that the price supplied is not
reliable. In addition, although alternative prices may be available for securities held by the
Fund, those alternative sources are not typically part of the valuation process and do not
necessarily provide greater certainty about the prices used by the Fund. In addition, because the
Fund may hold portfolio securities listed on foreign exchanges that trade on days on which the NYSE
or the U.S. bond markets are closed, the net asset value of the Funds shares may change
significantly on days when shares cannot be redeemed.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings.
That policy is described in the SAI. The largest fifteen portfolio holdings of the Fund may be
posted monthly on GMOs website and are available to shareholders without a confidentiality
agreement. In addition, from time to time, position attribution information regarding the Fund may
be posted to GMOs website (
e.g.
, best/worst performing positions in the Fund over a specified time
period). Additional information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each months end is
made available to shareholders of the Trust, qualified potential shareholders as determined by GMO
(potential shareholders), and their consultants or agents through a secured link on GMOs website
approximately two days after month end.
Shareholders and potential shareholders of the Fund that invest in other GMO Funds, as well as
their consultants and agents, are able to access the portfolio holdings of the GMO Funds in which
the Fund invests when that information is posted each month on GMOs website. Periodically, in
response to heightened market interest in specific issuers, the Funds holdings in one or more
issuers may be made available on a more frequent basis to shareholders of the Trust, potential
shareholders, and their consultants or agents through a secured link on GMOs website. This
information may be posted as soon as the business day following the date to which the information
relates.
To access this information on GMOs website (http://www.gmo.com/america/strategies),
shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents must contact GMO to obtain a
password and user name (to the extent they do not already have them) and enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that permits the information to be used only for
purposes determined by GMO to be in the best interest of the shareholders of the Fund. GMO may
make portfolio holdings information available in alternate formats under the conditions described
in the SAI.
The Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings, and the Fund may modify the
disclosure policy, without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings will
remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual
report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the
date of those holdings.
-21-
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Currently, shares of the Fund are principally available for purchase by other GMO Funds
and certain other accredited investors. All investors must be accredited investors as defined in
Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933.
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares directly from the Trust when
the NYSE is open for business. For instructions on purchasing shares, call the Trust at
1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust will not accept a purchase request
until it has received a GMO Trust Application deemed to be in good order by the Trust or its
designated agent. In addition, the Trust may not accept a purchase request unless an IRS Form W-9
(for U.S. shareholders) or the appropriate IRS Form W-8 (for foreign shareholders) with a correct
taxpayer identification number (if required) is on file with GMO and that W-9 or W-8 is deemed to
be in good order by the Trusts withholding agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company. Subject to
future guidance from the Internal Revenue Service, the Trust may require additional tax-related
certifications, information or other documentation from you in order to comply with the reporting
and withholding tax provisions enacted in March 2010 as part of the Hiring Incentives to Restore
Employment Act. For more information on these new rules, see the Taxes section in the SAI.
Please consult your tax adviser to ensure all tax forms provided to the Trust are completed
properly and maintained, as required, in good order. GMO has the right to make final good order
assessments.
Purchase Policies.
You must submit a purchase request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust or its designated agent. In general, a purchase request is in good order if
it includes:
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The name of the Fund being purchased;
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The U.S. dollar amount of the shares to be purchased;
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The date on which the purchase is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the close
of regular trading on that date);
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The name and/or the account number (if any) set forth with sufficient clarity to
avoid ambiguity; and
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The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list.
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If payment in full (by check, wire, or, when approved, securities) is not received by the
Trust or its designated agent prior to the earlier of the close of the NYSE or 4:00 p.m. Boston
time on the intended purchase date, the request may be rejected or deferred until payment is
received unless prior arrangements for later payment have been approved by GMO.
If the purchase request is received in good order by the Trust or its agent prior to the close
of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Boston time), the purchase price for the Fund
shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day (plus any applicable
purchase premium). If that request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the
purchase price for the Fund shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on
the next business day that the NYSE is open (plus any applicable purchase premium). Purchase
premiums (if any) are not charged on reinvestments of distributions.
To help the U.S. government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities,
federal law requires the Trust to verify identifying information provided by each investor in its
GMO Trust Application. Additional identifying documentation also may be required. If the Trust is
unable to
-22-
verify the information shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed and
your shares redeemed at their net asset value at the time of the redemption.
The Trust and its agents reserve the right to reject any purchase order. In addition, without
notice, the Fund in its sole discretion may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares
to new investors and/or existing shareholders.
Minimum investment amounts (by class) are set forth in the table on page 2 of this Private
Placement Memorandum. No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares
of the Fund. The Trust may waive initial minimums for some investors.
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (the Cut-off Time) and receive the current days price if
the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a good order purchase request prior to
the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the purchase(s) by the Top Fund of shares of the Fund are
executed pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form
.
Completed purchase order forms can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust
at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to
confirm that GMO
received, made a good order determination regarding, and accepted
your purchase order form. Do not
send cash, checks, or securities directly to the Trust. A purchase request submitted by mail is
received by the Trust when it is actually delivered to the Trust or its designated agent. A
purchase request delivered by facsimile is received by the Trust when it is actually received by
the Trust or its designated agent.
Funding Your Investment
. You may purchase shares:
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with cash (via wire transfer or check)
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4
By wire
. Instruct your bank to wire the amount of your investment to:
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State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts
ABA#: 011000028
Attn: Transfer Agent
Credit: GMO Trust Deposit Account 00330902
Further credit: GMO Benchmark-Free Fund/Account name and number
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By check
. All checks must be made payable to the Fund or to GMO
Trust. The Trust will not accept checks payable to
a third party
that have been
endorsed by the payee to the Trust. Mail checks to:
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By U.S. Postal Service:
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By Overnight Courier:
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State Street Bank and Trust Company
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State Street Bank and Trust Company
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Transfer Agency/GMO
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Attn: Transfer Agency/GMO
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Box 5493
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200 Clarendon Street
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Mail Code JHT1651
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Mail Code JHT1651
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Boston, MA 02206
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Boston, MA 02116
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in exchange for securities acceptable to GMO
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securities must be approved by GMO prior to transfer to the Fund.
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securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
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by a combination of cash and securities
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Frequent Trading Activity.
As a matter of policy, the Trust will not honor requests for
purchases or exchanges by shareholders identified as engaging in frequent trading strategies,
including market timing, that GMO determines could be harmful to certain other GMO Funds and their
shareholders. Frequent trading strategies are generally strategies that involve repeated exchanges
and/or purchases and redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time.
Frequent trading strategies may be disruptive to the efficient management of such Funds, materially
increase portfolio transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term
investors, or otherwise be harmful to such Funds and their shareholders.
Notwithstanding the
foregoing, these policies and procedures do not limit frequent trading of the Fund.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares on days when the NYSE is
open for business. Redemption requests should be submitted directly to the Trust. For
instructions on redeeming shares directly, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646, send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com. The Trust may take up to seven days to remit proceeds.
Redemption Policies.
You must submit a redemption request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust or its designated agent. In general, a redemption request is in good order
if it includes:
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The name of the Fund being redeemed;
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The number of shares or the dollar amount of the shares to be redeemed or the amount
that the client wants to receive;
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The date on which the redemption is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the
close of regular trading on the NYSE on that date);
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The name and/or the account number set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid
ambiguity;
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The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list; and
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Wire instructions or registration address that match the wire instructions
or registration address (as applicable) on file at GMO or confirmation from an
authorized signatory that the wire instructions are valid.
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-24-
If a redemption request in good order is received by the Trust or its agent prior to the close
of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Boston time), the redemption price for the Fund
shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on that day (less any applicable
redemption fee). If that redemption request is received after the close of regular trading on the
NYSE, the redemption price for the Fund shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share
determined on the next business day (less any applicable redemption fee) unless you or another
authorized person on your account have instructed GMO Shareholder Services in writing to defer the
redemption to another day. If you or another authorized person on your account have instructed GMO
Shareholder Services to defer the redemption to another day, you or another authorized person on
your account may revoke your redemption request in writing at any time prior to 4:00 p.m. Boston
time or before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (whichever is earlier) on the redemption
date. Redemption fees, if any, apply to all shares of the Fund regardless of how the shares were
acquired (e.g., by direct purchase or by reinvestment of dividends or other distributions). See
Purchase Premiums and Redemption Fees on page 26 for a discussion of redemption fees charged by
the Fund, including circumstances under which all or a portion of the fees may be waived. In the
event of a disaster affecting Boston, Massachusetts, please contact GMO to confirm that your
redemption request was received and is in good order.
Failure to provide the Trust with a properly authorized redemption request or otherwise
satisfy the Trust as to the validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address
may result in a delay in processing a redemption request, delay in remittance of redemption
proceeds, or a rejection of the redemption request.
In its sole discretion, GMO may determine to have the Fund pay redemption proceeds wholly or
partly in securities (selected by GMO) instead of cash. In particular, if market conditions
deteriorate and GMO believes the Funds redemption fee (if any) is not fair compensation for
transaction costs, the Fund may limit cash redemptions (honoring redemptions with portfolio
securities) to protect the interests of all Fund shareholders. Redemptions in-kind may require
shareholders to enter into new custodial arrangements if they do not have accounts available for
holding securities directly.
If a redemption is paid in cash:
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payment will generally be made by means of a federal funds transfer to the
bank account designated in the relevant GMO Trust Application;
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designation of one or more additional bank accounts or any change
in the bank accounts originally designated in the GMO Trust Application must be
made in a recordable format by an authorized signatory according to the procedures
in the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form;
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if there is ambiguity with wire instructions that cannot be
resolved in a timely manner, GMO may elect to remit redemption proceeds by check.
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upon request, payment will be made by check mailed to the registration address
(unless another address is specified according to the procedures in the GMO Trust
Redemption Order Form).
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The Trust will not pay redemption proceeds to third-parties and does not offer check-writing
privileges. The Trust will not typically remit redemption proceeds to multiple bank accounts.
If a redemption is paid with securities, you should note that:
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the securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net
Asset Value
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-25-
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the securities will be selected by GMO in light of the Funds objective
and other practical considerations and may not represent a pro rata distribution of
each security held in the Funds portfolio
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you will likely incur brokerage charges on the sale of the securities
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redemptions paid in securities are generally treated by shareholders for
tax purposes the same as redemptions paid in cash
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the securities will be transferred and delivered by the Trust as directed
in writing by an authorized person on your account.
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The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven
days:
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if the NYSE and/or the Federal Reserve Bank are closed on days other than
weekends or holidays
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during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted
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during an emergency that makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of
its securities or to fairly determine the net asset value of the Fund
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during any other period permitted by the SEC for your protection.
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Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has
the unilateral right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder at any time if at that time: (i)
the shares of the Fund or a class held by the shareholder have an aggregate net asset value of less
than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) the shares of the Fund or the
class held by the shareholder exceed a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or class
determined from time to time by the Trustees. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole
discretion to redeem shares to prevent a shareholder from becoming an affiliated person of the
Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days
price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption request prior to
the
Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Redemption Request
. Redemption requests can be submitted by mail or by
facsimile to the Trust at the address/facsimile number set forth under How to Purchase Shares
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Redemption requests submitted by mail are received by the
Trust when actually received by the Trust or its designated agent. Call the Trust at
1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to confirm that GMO received, made a good order
determination regarding, and accepted your redemption request.
PURCHASE PREMIUMS AND REDEMPTION FEES
Purchase premiums and redemption fees are paid to and retained by the Fund to help offset
non- de minimis estimated portfolio transaction costs and other related costs (e.g., bid to ask
spreads, stamp duties, and transfer fees) incurred by the Fund (directly or indirectly through
investments in underlying funds) as a result of the purchase or redemption by allocating estimated
transaction costs to the purchasing or redeeming shareholder. The Fund may charge purchase premiums
and redemption fees. Purchase premiums and redemption fees for the Fund are typically reassessed
annually based on the weighted average of (i) the estimated transaction costs for directly held
assets and (ii) the purchase
-26-
premiums and/or redemption fees, if any, imposed by the underlying Funds in which the Fund
invests, provided that, if that weighted average is less than 0.05%, the Fund usually does not
charge a purchase premium or redemption fee.
The Fund may impose a new purchase premium and/or redemption fee or modify an existing fee at
any time. Please refer to the Shareholder Fees table under the caption Fees and Expenses in
the Fund Summary for details regarding the purchase premium and redemption fee charged by the Fund.
Purchase premiums are not charged on reinvestments of distributions. Redemption fees apply to all
shares of the Fund regardless of how the shares were acquired (e.g., by direct purchase or by
reinvestment of dividends or other distributions).
Waiver of Purchase Premiums/Redemption Fees.
If the Manager determines that any portion of a
cash purchase or redemption, as applicable, is offset by a corresponding cash redemption or
purchase occurring on the same day, it ordinarily will waive or reduce the purchase premium or
redemption fee with respect to that portion.
The Manager may waive or reduce the purchase premium or redemption fee relating to a cash
purchase or redemption of the Funds shares if the Fund will not incur transaction costs or will
incur reduced transaction costs. For example, the Manager may waive all or a portion of the
purchase premiums and/or redemption fees for the Fund when they are de minimis and/or the Manager
deems it equitable to do so, including without limitation when the weighted average of (i) the
estimated transaction costs for directly held assets and (ii) the purchase premiums and/or
redemption fees, if any, imposed by the underlying funds are less than the purchase premium and/or
redemption fee imposed by the Fund.
The Manager will waive or reduce the purchase premium when securities are used to purchase the
Funds shares except to the extent that the Fund incurs transaction costs (
e.g.
, stamp duties or
transfer fees) in connection with its acquisition of those securities. The Fund may waive or reduce
redemption fees when it uses portfolio securities to redeem their shares. However, when a
substantial portion of the Fund is being redeemed in-kind, the Fund may nonetheless charge a
redemption fee equal to known or estimated costs.
Purchase premiums or redemption fees generally will not be waived for purchases and
redemptions of Fund shares executed through brokers or agents, including, without limitation,
intermediary platforms that are allowed pursuant to agreements with GMO Trust to transmit orders
for purchases and redemptions the day after those orders are received.
The Manager may consider known cash flows out of or into the Fund when placing orders for the
cash purchase or redemption of Fund shares by accounts over which the Manager has investment
discretion, including the Fund and other pooled investment vehicles. Consequently, those accounts
will tend to benefit more from waivers of the Funds purchase premiums and redemption fees than
other Fund shareholders.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Funds policy is to declare and pay distributions of its net investment income, if
any, semi-annually. The Fund also intends to distribute net realized capital gains, whether from
the sale of securities held by the Fund for not more than one year (net short-term capital gains)
or from the sale of securities held by the Fund for more than one year (net long-term capital
gains), if any, at least annually. In addition, the Fund may, from time to time and at its
discretion, make unscheduled distributions in advance of large redemptions by shareholders or as
otherwise deemed appropriate by the Fund. From time to time, distributions by the Fund could
constitute, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a return of
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capital to shareholders. Shareholders should read the description below for information
regarding the tax character of distributions from the Fund to shareholders.
Typically, all dividends and/or distributions are reinvested in additional shares of the Fund,
at net asset value, unless a shareholder elects to receive cash. Shareholders may elect to receive
cash by marking the appropriate boxes on the GMO Trust Application or by writing to the Trust. No
purchase premium is charged on reinvested dividends or distributions.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to
shareholders investing in the Fund. It is important for you to note:
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The Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax
purposes and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (RIC)
under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
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For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of net investment income are
generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
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For U.S. federal income tax purposes, taxes on distributions of net realized capital
gains generally are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that
generated them, rather than by how long a shareholder has owned shares in the Fund.
Distributions of net realized capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund
owned for more than one year and that are reported by the Fund as capital gain
dividends generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains.
Distributions of net realized capital gains from the sale of investments that the Fund
owned for one year or less generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
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The Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that
exceeds the Funds net investment income and net realized capital gains for that year,
in which case the excess generally would be treated as a return of capital, which would
reduce a shareholders tax basis in its shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis
treated as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable to shareholders to the
extent such amount does not exceed a shareholders tax basis, but it reduces a
shareholders tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on
a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares.
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The Fund will carry any net capital losses (
i.e.
, capital losses in excess of
capital gains) from any taxable year forward to one or more subsequent taxable years to
offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent years without expiration
until such losses are fully utilized. The Funds ability to utilize these and certain
other losses to reduce distributable net realized capital gains in succeeding taxable
years may be limited by reason of direct or indirect changes in the actual or
constructive ownership of the Fund. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
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For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, distributions of net investment
income properly reported by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will
be taxable to shareholders taxed as individuals at the rates applicable to long-term
capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the
shareholder and Fund levels. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to most
individuals have been reduced to 15% (with a 0% rate applying to taxpayers in the 10%
and 15% rate brackets) for taxable years beginning
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before January 1, 2013. The qualified dividend income provision and the reduction of
long-term capital gain rates for individuals will expire for taxable years beginning on
or after January 1, 2013 unless congress enacts legislation providing otherwise.
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Distributions by the Fund generally are taxable to a shareholder even if they are
paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before that shareholder invested in the
Fund (and accordingly the income or gains were included in the price the shareholder
paid for the Funds shares). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive
them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares.
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Distributions by the Fund to retirement plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment
under U.S. federal income tax laws generally will not be taxable. Special tax rules
apply to investments through such plans. You should consult your tax advisor to
determine the suitability of the Fund as an investment through such a plan and the tax
treatment of distributions from such a plan.
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Any gain resulting from a shareholders sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares
generally will be taxable to the shareholder as short-term or long-term capital gain,
depending on how long the Fund shares were held by the shareholder.
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The Funds investments in underlying Funds or other investment companies treated as
partnerships or RICs for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including ETFs, can cause
the Funds distributions to vary in terms of their timing, character, and/or amount
from what the Funds distributions would have been had the Fund invested directly in
the portfolio securities and other assets held by the underlying Funds or other
investment companies. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
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The Funds or an underlying Funds investment in foreign securities may be subject
to foreign withholding or other taxes on dividends, interest, or capital gains. The
Fund or an underlying Fund, as applicable, may otherwise be subject to foreign taxation
on repatriation proceeds generated from those securities or to other transaction-based
foreign taxes on those securities. Those withholding and other taxes will reduce the
Funds or an underlying Funds yield on foreign securities. The foreign withholding
and other tax rates applicable to the Funds direct or indirect investments in certain
foreign jurisdictions may be higher if the Fund or an underlying Fund, as applicable,
has a significant number of non-U.S. shareholders. In certain instances, the Funds
shareholders may be entitled to claim a credit or deduction (but not both) for foreign
taxes paid by the Fund or an underlying Fund or other investment company in which the
Fund invests. In addition, the Funds direct or indirect investment in certain foreign
securities, foreign currencies or foreign currency derivatives may accelerate
underlying Funds distributions to the Fund and/or the Funds distributions to its
shareholders and may increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary
income. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
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Certain of the Funds and the underlying Funds investment practices, including
derivative transactions, short sales, hedging activities generally, and securities
lending activities (if any), as well as their investments in certain types of
securities, including debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount, asset-backed
securities, assets marked to the market for U.S. federal income tax purposes, REITs,
and, potentially, so-called indexed securities (such as inflation-indexed bonds),
will be subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions. These
special rules may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of
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distributions made by the Fund or the underlying Funds and, in some cases, may cause the
Fund or the underlying Funds to liquidate investments at a time when it is not
advantageous to do so. See Taxes in the SAI for more information about the tax
consequences of specific investment practices and investments.
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This section provides a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences
of investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic
corporations. You should consult your own tax advisors about the precise tax consequences of an
investment in the Fund in light of your particular tax situation, including possible foreign,
state, local, or other applicable taxes (including the federal alternative minimum tax).
Most states permit mutual funds, such as the Fund, to pass through to their shareholders the
state tax exemption on income earned from investments in certain direct U.S. Treasury obligations,
as well as some limited types of U.S. government agency securities, so long as a fund meets all
applicable state requirements. Therefore, you may be allowed to exclude from your state taxable
income distributions made to you by the Fund, to the extent attributable to interest the Fund
directly or indirectly earned on such investments. The availability of these exemptions varies by
state. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the applicability of any such exemption to
your situation.
See Taxes in the SAI for more information, including a summary of certain tax consequences
of investing in the Fund for non-U.S. shareholders.
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INVESTMENT IN OTHER GMO FUNDS
The Fund is a fund of funds and invests primarily in shares of other GMO Funds, which may
include the International Equity Funds, the U.S. Equity Funds, the Fixed Income Funds, and Alpha
Only Fund, each described in the GMO Trust Prospectus. Additionally, the Fund may invest in the
following GMO Funds, offered in separate private placement memorandums.
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund.
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund (AAOF), a
series of the Trust, is not offered in this Private Placement Memorandum and its shares are
principally available only to other GMO Funds and certain other accredited investors. AAOF is
managed by GMO.
AAOF pays an investment management fee to the Manager at the annual rate of 0.70%of AAOFs
average daily net assets. AAOF offers a single class of shares. AAOF pays shareholder service fees
to the Manager at the annual rate of 0.15% of AAOFs average daily net assets. Subject to Excluded
Fund Fees and Expenses, the Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse AAOF to the extent AAOFs
total annual operating expenses exceed 0.70% of AAOFs average daily net assets. In addition, the
Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse AAOF for the amount of fees and expenses incurred
indirectly by AAOF through its direct or indirect investment in GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (U.S.
Treasury Fund) (excluding U.S. Treasury Funds Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses), subject to a
maximum total reimbursement to AAOF of such fees and expenses equal to 0.70% of AAOFs average
daily net assets. These contractual expense limitations will continue through at least June 30,
2012, and may not be terminated prior to this date without consent by AAOFs Board of Trustees. In
addition to these contractual expense limitations, the Manager has voluntarily agreed to waive
AAOFs management fee to 0.45% of AAOFs average daily net assets and to reimburse AAOF to the
extent AAOFs total annual operating expenses exceed 0.45% of AAOFs average daily net assets
(excluding Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses). The Manager may change or terminate these voluntary
waivers and reimbursements at any time at which point AAOF will incur management fees equal to
0.70% of AAOFs average daily net assets. During any period for which these voluntary waivers and
reimbursements are in effect, AAOF will incur management fees at an annual rate lower than 0.70% of
AAOFs average daily net assets, and, as a result, net annual operating expenses for AAOF will be
lower. For these purposes, Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses means shareholder service fees,
expenses incurred indirectly by investment in other GMO Funds, fees and expenses of the independent
Trustees of the Trust and their independent counsel, fees and expenses for legal services the
Manager for the Trust has not undertaken to pay, compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief
Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities-lending
fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs (including
expenses associated with investments in any company that is an investment company (including an
exchange-traded fund) or would be an investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions
to the definition of investment company provided in Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act),
hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses
(including taxes).
AAOFs investment objective is total return greater than that of its benchmark, a composite of
the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index and the J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index.
AAOFs investment program has two primary components. One component is intended to gain
exposure to the investment returns of commodities and, from time to time, other alternative asset
classes (
e.g.
, currencies). Commodities include a range of assets with tangible properties,
including oil, natural gas, agricultural products (
e.g.
, wheat, corn, and livestock), precious
metals (
e.g.
, gold and silver), industrial metals (
e.g.
, copper), and softs (e.g., cocoa, coffee,
and sugar). AAOF typically gains exposure to commodities indirectly, by investing in a wholly owned
subsidiary company, which, in turn, invests in
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various commodity-related exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. AAOF also
may use, directly or indirectly through its wholly owned subsidiary, a wide variety of other
exchange-traded and OTC derivatives that are not linked to the value of a commodity or other
commodity-related instruments (including financial futures, options, and swap contracts). AAOF is
not limited in the extent to which it may use derivatives or in the absolute face value of its
derivative positions, and, as a result, it may be leveraged in relation to its assets.
The second component of AAOFs investment program consists of investments in U.S. and foreign
fixed income securities, primarily asset-backed securities. AAOF has historically gained its
investment exposure to fixed income securities through investment in GMO Short- Duration Collateral
Fund (SDCF). SDCF has primarily invested in asset-backed securities issued by a wide range of
private and government issuers.
The Manager uses proprietary models to identify trends in commodity prices. The factors
considered and models used by the Manager may change over time.
A substantial portion of AAOFs investments (through SDCF) in fixed income securities consist
of asset-backed securities, including, but not limited to, securities backed by pools of
residential and commercial mortgages, credit-card receivables, home equity loans, automobile loans,
educational loans, corporate and sovereign bonds, and bank loans made to corporations. In addition,
AAOF may invest (including through SDCF) in government securities, corporate debt securities, money
market instruments, and commercial paper, and enter into credit default swaps, reverse repurchase
agreements, and repurchase agreements. AAOFs fixed income securities may include securities issued
by a wide range of private issuers and, to a lesser extent, securities issued by federal, state,
local, and foreign governments (including securities neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S.
government). AAOF may hold directly or indirectly (through SDCF) fixed income securities whose
ratings, after the securities were acquired, were reduced below investment grade. Because of the
deterioration in credit markets that became acute in 2008, AAOF, in particular through its
investment in SDCF, currently has and may continue to have material exposure to below investment
grade securities.
In addition to its commodity-related investments, from time to time, AAOF may invest in a
range of currency-related investments, including currency futures, forwards, and options.
AAOF does not invest directly in commodities and commodity-related derivatives. Instead, to
gain exposure to commodities and certain other assets, AAOF invests in a wholly owned subsidiary
company. GMO serves as the investment manager to this company but does not receive any additional
management or other fees for such services. The company invests primarily in commodity-related
derivatives and fixed income securities.
AAOF may invest in unaffiliated money market funds. Additionally, AAOF may (but is not
required to) invest in U.S. Treasury Fund, another series of GMO Trust.
If deemed prudent by the Manager, AAOF will take temporary defensive measures until the
Manager has determined that normal conditions have returned or that it is otherwise prudent to
resume investing in accordance with AAOFs normal investment strategies. AAOF may not achieve its
investment objective while it is taking temporary defensive measures. Because of the
above-referenced deterioration in credit markets, AAOF has previously taken temporary defensive
positions and has availed itself of the right to honor redemption requests in kind.
AAOF does not seek to maintain a specified interest rate duration for its portfolio.
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AAOFs benchmark is a composite of the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index, which is composed of
futures contracts on nineteen physical commodities, and the J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index,
which measures the total return performance of three-month U.S. dollar Euro-deposits. The Dow
Jones-UBS Commodity Index and J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index each represent 50% of the
composite benchmark. In constructing AAOFs portfolio, the Manager does not seek to match AAOFs
portfolio composition to that of its benchmark, and AAOFs portfolio composition may differ
significantly from that of its benchmark.
To the extent a GMO Fund invests in AAOF, it is subject to the risks associated with an
investment in commodities and related investments, the risks associated with investments in
derivatives and in fixed income securities, and all of the other risks to which AAOF is exposed.
The principal risks of an investment in AAOF include Commodities Risk, Liquidity Risk, Credit Risk,
Counterparty Risk, Leveraging Risk, Derivatives Risk, Market Risk Fixed Income Securities,
Management and Operational Risk, Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk, Focused Investment Risk,
Large Shareholder Risk, and Fund of Funds Risk. AAOF is a non-diversified investment company under
the 1940 Act, and therefore a decline in the market value of a particular security held by AAOF may
affect AAOFs performance more than if AAOF were diversified. Shareholders of each GMO Fund
investing in AAOF are indirectly exposed to these risks, in addition to all risks associated with
their investment in such GMO Fund.
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund.
GMO Debt Opportunities Fund (Debt Opportunities Fund), a
series of the Trust, is not offered in this Private Placement Memorandum and its shares are
principally available only to other GMO Funds and certain other accredited investors. Debt
Opportunities Fund is managed by GMO.
Debt Opportunities Fund pays an investment management fee to the Manager at the annual rate of
0.25% of Debt Opportunities Funds average daily net assets for each class of shares. Debt
Opportunities Fund offers Class III and Class VI shares. Class III shares pay shareholder service
fees to the Manager at the annual rate of 0.15% of that classs average daily net assets, and Class
VI shares pay shareholder service fees at the annual rate of 0.055% of that classs average daily
net assets. Subject to Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses, the Manager has contractually agreed to
reimburse Debt Opportunities Fund to the extent Debt Opportunities Funds total annual operating
expenses exceed 0.25% of Debt Opportunities Funds average daily net assets. In addition, the
Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse Debt Opportunities Fund for the amount of fees and
expenses incurred indirectly by Debt Opportunities Fund through its direct or indirect investment
in GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (U.S. Treasury Fund) (excluding U.S. Treasury Funds Excluded Fund Fees
and Expenses), subject to a maximum total reimbursement to Debt Opportunities Fund of such fees and
expenses equal to 0.25% of Debt Opportunities Funds average daily net assets. These contractual
expense limitations will continue through at least June 30, 2012, and may not be terminated prior
to this date without consent by Debt Opportunities Funds Board of Trustees. For these purposes,
Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses means shareholder service fees, expenses incurred indirectly by
investment in other GMO Funds, fees and expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust and their
independent counsel, fees and expenses for legal services the Manager for the Trust has not
undertaken to pay, compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any
employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities-lending fees and expenses, interest expense,
transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments
in any company that is an investment company (including an exchange-traded fund) or would be an
investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions to the definition of investment
company provided in Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction fees,
extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses (including taxes).
Debt Opportunities Funds investment objective is positive total return.
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Debt Opportunities Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in
debt investments. Under normal circumstances, Debt Opportunities Fund invests directly and
indirectly (e.g., through other GMO Funds or derivatives) at least 80% of its assets in debt
investments. Debt Opportunities Fund is permitted to make investments in all types of U.S. and
foreign debt investments, without regard to the credit rating of the obligor. Debt Opportunities
Fund may invest in debt investments issued by a wide range of private issuers and by federal,
state, local, and foreign governments (including securities neither guaranteed nor insured by the
U.S. government). Debt Opportunities Fund may invest in asset-backed securities, including, but not
limited to, securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, credit-card
receivables, home equity loans, automobile loans, educational loans, corporate and sovereign bonds,
and bank loans made to corporations. In addition, Debt Opportunities Fund may invest in corporate
debt securities, money market instruments, and commercial paper, and enter into credit default
swaps, reverse repurchase agreements, and repurchase agreements. Debt Opportunities Fund also may
use other exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. Debt Opportunities Fund is not
limited in the extent to which it may use derivatives or in the absolute face value of its
derivative positions, and, as a result, it may be leveraged in relation to it assets.
Debt Opportunities Fund is not restricted in its exposure to any type of debt investment, and
at times may be substantially exposed to a single type of debt investment (
e.g.
, asset-backed
securities). Debt Opportunities Funds debt investments may include all types of interest rate,
payment, and reset terms, including fixed rate, adjustable rate, zero coupon, contingent, deferred,
payment-in-kind, and auction rate features. Debt Opportunities Fund may invest in securities of any
credit quality. There is no limit on the amount of Debt Opportunities Funds total assets that may
be invested in below investment grade securities, and Debt Opportunities Fund may invest in
material positions of below investment grade securities. Debt investments rated below investment
grade are also known as high yield or junk bonds.
Debt Opportunities Fund initially expects to invest substantially all of its assets in
asset-backed securities, a substantial portion of which will be junk bonds.
Debt Opportunities Fund may invest in unaffiliated money market funds. Additionally, Debt
Opportunities Fund may (but is not required to) invest in U.S. Treasury Fund, another series of GMO
Trust.
In selecting debt investments for Debt Opportunities Funds portfolio, the Manager emphasizes
a bottom-up approach to examining and selecting investments and uses analytical techniques to
identify inefficiencies in the pricing of investments and to identify those the Manager believes
are undervalued.
If deemed prudent by the Manager, Debt Opportunities Fund will take temporary defensive measures
until the Manager has determined that normal conditions have returned or that it is otherwise
prudent to resume investing in accordance with Debt Opportunities Funds normal investment
strategies. Debt Opportunities Fund may not achieve its investment objective while it is taking
temporary defensive measures. Debt Opportunities Fund does not seek to maintain a specified
interest rate duration for its portfolio.
To the extent a GMO Fund invests in Debt Opportunities Fund, it is subject to all of the risks
to which Debt Opportunities Fund is exposed. The principal risks of an investment in Debt
Opportunities Fund include Market Risk Fixed Income Securities, Liquidity Risk, Focused
Investment Risk, Credit Risk, Counterparty Risk, Derivatives Risk, Leveraging Risk, Market
Disruption and Geopolitical Risk, Large Shareholder Risk, Management and Operational Risk, and Fund
of Funds Risk. Debt Opportunities Fund is a non-diversified investment company under the 1940 Act,
and therefore a decline in the market value of a particular security held by Debt Opportunities
Fund may affect Debt Opportunities Funds performance more than if Debt Opportunities Fund were
diversified. Shareholders of each GMO Fund
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investing in Debt Opportunities Fund are indirectly exposed to these risks, in addition to all
risks associated with their investment in such GMO Fund.
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund.
GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund (High
Quality Fund), a series of the Trust, is not offered in this Private Placement Memorandum and its
shares are principally available only to other GMO Funds and certain other accredited investors.
High Quality Fund is managed by GMO.
High Quality Fund pays an investment management fee to the Manager at the annual rate of 0.05%
of High Quality Funds average daily net assets for each class of shares. High Quality Fund offers
Class III and Class VI shares. Class III shares pay shareholder service fees to the Manager at the
annual rate of 0.15% of that classs average daily net assets, and Class VI shares pay shareholder
service fees at the annual rate of 0.055% of that classs average daily net assets. Subject to
Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses, the Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse High Quality
Fund to the extent High Quality Funds total annual operating expenses exceed 0.05% of High Quality
Funds average daily net assets. In addition, the Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse
High Quality Fund for the amount of fees and expenses incurred indirectly by High Quality Fund
through its direct or indirect investment in GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (U.S. Treasury Fund)
(excluding U.S. Treasury Funds Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses), subject to a maximum total
reimbursement to High Quality Fund of such fees and expenses equal to 0.05% of High Quality Funds
average daily net assets. These contractual expense limitations will continue through at least June
30, 2012, and may not be terminated prior to this date without consent by High Quality Funds Board
of Trustees. For these purposes, Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses means shareholder service fees,
expenses incurred indirectly by investment in other GMO Funds, fees and expenses of the independent
Trustees of the Trust and their independent counsel, fees and expenses for legal services the
Manager for the Trust has not undertaken to pay, compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief
Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities-lending
fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs (including
expenses associated with investments in any company that is an investment company (including an
exchange-traded fund) or would be an investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions
to the definition of investment company provided in Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act),
hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses
(including taxes).
High Quality Funds investment objective is total return in excess of that of its benchmark,
the J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index.
High Quality Fund seeks to add value relative to its benchmark to the extent consistent with
the preservation of capital and liquidity. Under normal circumstances, High Quality Fund invests
directly and indirectly (
e.g.
, through other GMO Funds or derivatives) at least 80% of its assets
in high quality bonds. To implement its investment strategies, High Quality Fund primarily invests
in high quality U.S. and foreign fixed income securities. High Quality Fund may invest in fixed
income securities issued by a wide range of private issuers and, to a lesser extent, securities
issued by federal, state, local, and foreign governments (including securities neither guaranteed
nor insured by the U.S. government). High Quality Fund may invest in asset-backed securities,
including, but not limited to, securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages,
credit-card receivables, home equity loans, automobile loans, educational loans, corporate and
sovereign bonds, and bank loans made to corporations. In addition, High Quality Fund may invest in
corporate debt securities, money market instruments, and commercial paper, and enter into credit
default swaps, reverse repurchase agreements, and repurchase agreements.
High Quality Fund also may use other exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. High
Quality Fund is not limited in the extent to which it may use derivatives or in the absolute face
value of its derivative positions, and, as a result, it may be leveraged in relation to its assets.
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High Quality Funds fixed income securities may include all types of interest rate, payment,
and reset terms, including adjustable rate, fixed rate, zero coupon, contingent, deferred,
payment-in-kind, and auction rate features. While High Quality Fund primarily invests in high
quality bonds, High Quality Fund may invest in securities that are not high quality and may hold
bonds and other fixed income securities whose ratings after they were acquired were reduced below
high quality.
High Quality Fund may invest in unaffiliated money market funds. Additionally, High Quality
Fund may (but is not required to) invest in U.S. Treasury Fund, another series of GMO Trust.
In selecting fixed income securities for High Quality Funds portfolio, the Manager focuses
primarily on the securities credit quality. The Manager uses fundamental investment techniques to
identify the credit risk associated with investments in fixed income securities and bases its
investment decisions on that assessment.
If deemed prudent by the Manager, High Quality Fund will take temporary defensive measures
until the Manager has determined that normal conditions have returned or that it is otherwise
prudent to resume investing in accordance with High Quality Funds normal investment strategies.
High Quality Fund may not achieve its investment objective while it is taking temporary defensive
measures.
The Manager normally seeks to maintain an estimated interest rate duration of 365 days or less
for High Quality Funds portfolio. High Quality Funds dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity
may be substantially longer than its dollar-weighted average interest rate duration. The Manager
estimates High Quality Funds dollar-weighted average interest rate duration by aggregating the
durations of High
Quality Funds direct and indirect individual holdings and weighting each holding based on its
market value. Duration needs to be estimated when the obligor to a fixed income security is
required to prepay principal and/or interest on the security and the payments are not denominated
in U.S. dollars. The Manager may estimate duration by traditional means or through empirical
analysis, which may produce results that differ from those produced by traditional methods of
calculating duration.
High Quality Funds benchmark is the J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index, which is
independently maintained and published by J.P. Morgan. The Index measures the total return
performance of three-month U.S. dollar Euro-deposits.
To the extent a GMO Fund invests in High Quality Fund, it is subject to all of the risks to
which High Quality Fund is exposed. The principal risks of an investment in High Quality Fund
include Market Risk Fixed Income Securities, Credit Risk, Counterparty Risk, Liquidity Risk,
Focused Investment Risk, Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk, Large Shareholder Risk,
Management and Operational Risk, Derivatives Risk, Leveraging Risk and Fund of Funds Risk. High
Quality Fund is a non-diversified investment company under the 1940 Act, and therefore a decline in
the market value of a particular security held by High Quality Fund may affect High Quality Funds
performance more than if High Quality Fund were diversified. Shareholders of each GMO Fund
investing in High Quality Fund are indirectly exposed to these risks, in addition to all risks
associated with their investment in such GMO Fund.
GMO Special Situations Fund.
GMO Special Situations Fund (SSF), a series of the Trust, is
not offered in this Private Placement Memorandum and its shares are principally available only to
other GMO Funds and certain other accredited investors. SSF is managed by GMO.
SSF pays an investment management fee to the Manager at the annual rate of 0.37% of SSFs
average daily net assets for each class of shares. SSF offers Class III and Class VI shares. Class
III shares
-36-
pay shareholder service fees to the Manager at the annual rate of 0.15% of that classs
average daily net assets and Class VI shares pay shareholder service fees at the annual rate of
0.055% of that classs average daily net assets. Subject to Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses, the
Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse SSF to the extent SSFs total annual operating
expenses exceed 0.37% of SSFs average daily net assets. In addition, the Manager has contractually
agreed to reimburse SSF for the amount of fees and expenses incurred indirectly by SSF through its
direct or indirect investment in GMO U.S. Treasury Fund (U.S. Treasury Fund) (excluding U.S.
Treasury Funds Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses), subject to a maximum total reimbursement to SSF
of such fees and expenses equal to 0.37% of SSFs average daily net assets. These contractual
expense limitations will continue through at least June 30, 2012, and may not be terminated prior
to this date without consent by SSFs Board of Trustees. For these purposes, Excluded Fund Fees
and Expenses means shareholder service fees, expenses incurred indirectly by investment in other
GMO Funds, fees and expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust and their independent
counsel, fees and expenses for legal services the Manager for the Trust has not undertaken to pay,
compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any employee
benefits), brokerage commissions, securities-lending fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer
taxes, and other investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments in any
company that is an investment company (including an exchange-traded fund) or would be an investment
company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions to the definition of investment company provided
in Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction fees, extraordinary,
non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses (including taxes).
SSFs investment objectives are capital appreciation and capital preservation.
SSF is not intended to serve as a standalone investment product and is available only for
investment by other GMO Funds and other GMO asset allocation clients.
The Manager plans to pursue SSFs investment objectives by implementing investment strategies
that complement long-only investments in global equities and fixed income instruments. SSF may have
long or short exposure to foreign and U.S. equity securities (including both growth and value style
equities and equities of any market capitalization), foreign and U.S. fixed income securities
(including fixed income securities of any credit quality and having any maturity or duration),
currencies, and, from time to time, other alternative asset classes (
e.g.
, instruments that seek
exposure to or reduce risks of market volatility). SSF is not restricted in its exposure to any
particular asset class, and at times may be substantially exposed (long or short) to a single asset
class (
e.g.
, equity securities or fixed income securities). In addition, SSF is not restricted in
its exposure (long or short) to any particular market. SSF may have substantial exposure (long or
short) to a particular country or type of country (e.g., emerging countries). SSF could be subject
to material losses from a single investment.
In managing SSFs strategy, the Manager employs proprietary quantitative investment models and
fundamental judgment for the selection of derivatives and other investments and portfolio
construction. The models use one or more independent, though possibly concentrated or focused,
strategies for selection of investments. The Manager also may eliminate strategies or add new
strategies in response to additional research, changing market conditions, or other factors.
In pursuing its investment objectives, SSF is permitted to use a wide variety of
exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, including reverse repurchase agreements,
options, futures, swap contracts, swaptions, and foreign currency derivative transactions. SSF is
not limited in the extent to which it may use derivatives or in the absolute face value of its
derivative positions, and, as a result, it may be leveraged in relation to its assets.
-37-
SSF may elect to make some or all of its investments through one or more wholly-owned,
non-U.S. subsidiaries. GMO may serve as the investment manager to these companies but will not
receive any additional management or other fees for such services.
SSF does not seek to control risk relative to a particular securities market index or
benchmark. In addition, SSF does not seek to outperform a particular securities market index or
blend of market indices (
i.e.
, SSF does not seek relative return).
SSF may invest in unaffiliated money market funds. Additionally, SSF may (but is not required
to) invest in U.S. Treasury Fund, another series of GMO Trust.
SSF normally does not take temporary defensive positions. To the extent SSF takes temporary
defensive positions, it may not achieve its investment objective.
To the extent a GMO Fund invests in SSF, it is subject to the risks associated with an
investment in fixed income securities and related derivatives and all of the other risks to which
SSF is exposed. The principal risks of an investment in SSF include Customized Investment Program
Risk, Management and Operational Risk, Derivatives Risk, Currency Risk, Leveraging Risk, Liquidity
Risk, Credit Risk, Counterparty Risk, Focused Investment Risk, Foreign Investment Risk, Market Risk
Fixed Income Securities, Market Risk Equity Securities, Market Disruption and Geopolitical
Risk, Large Shareholder Risk, and Fund of Funds Risk. SSF is a non-diversified investment company
under the 1940 Act, and therefore a decline in the market value of a particular security held by
SSF may affect SSFs performance more than if SSF were diversified. Shareholders of each GMO Fund
investing in SSF are indirectly exposed to these risks, in addition to all risks associated with
their investment in such GMO Fund.
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund.
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund (Overlay Fund), a
series of the Trust, is not offered in this Private Placement Memorandum and its shares are
principally available only to other GMO Funds and certain other accredited investors. Overlay Fund
is managed by GMO.
Overlay Fund does not pay an investment management or shareholder service fee to the Manager.
Overlay Fund offers a single class of shares. Subject to Excluded Fund Fees and Expenses, the
Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse Overlay Fund to the extent Overlay Funds total
annual operating expenses exceed 0.00% of Overlay Funds average daily net assets. This contractual
expense limitation will continue through at least June 30, 2012, and may not be terminated prior to
this date without consent of Overlay Funds Board of Trustees. For these purposes, Excluded Fund
Fees and Expenses means fees and expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust and their
independent counsel, fees and expenses for legal services the Manager for the Trust has not
undertaken to pay, compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any
employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities-lending fees and expenses, interest expense,
transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments
in any company that is an investment company (including an exchange-traded fund) or would be an
investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions to the definition of investment
company provided in Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction fees,
extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses (including taxes).
Overlay Funds investment objective is total return greater than that of its benchmark, the
J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index.
Overlay Funds investment program has two principal components. One component of Overlay
Funds investment program involves the use of derivatives to seek to exploit misvaluations in world
-38-
interest rates, currencies, and credit markets, and to add value relative to Overlay Funds
benchmark. The other component of Overlay Funds investment program involves direct investments,
primarily in asset backed securities and other fixed income securities (including Treasury
Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS), Inflation-Protected
Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury (TIPs), Treasury Securities, and global bonds).
To add value relative to Overlay Funds benchmark, the Manager employs proprietary
quantitative and other models to seek to identify and estimate the relative misvaluation of
interest rate, currency, and credit markets. Based on such estimates, Overlay Fund establishes its
positions, mainly by using derivatives, across global interest rate, currency, and credit markets.
Derivative positions taken by Overlay Fund are implemented primarily through interest rate swaps
and/or futures contracts, currency forwards and/or options, and credit default swaps on
single-issuers or indexes. As a result of its derivative positions, Overlay Fund typically will
have a net notional value in excess of its net assets and will have a higher tracking error, along
with concomitant volatility, relative to its benchmark. Overlay Fund is not limited in the extent
to which it may use derivatives or in the absolute face value of its derivatives positions, and, as
a result, Overlay Fund may be leveraged in relation to its assets.
Overlay Fund has a substantial investment in asset-backed securities, including, but not
limited to, securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, credit-card
receivables, home equity loans, automobile loans, educational loans, corporate and sovereign bonds,
and bank loans made to corporations. In addition, Overlay Fund may invest in government securities,
corporate debt securities, money market instruments, and commercial paper, and enter into credit
default swaps, reverse repurchase agreements, and repurchase agreements. Overlay Funds fixed
income securities may include all types of interest rate, payment, and reset terms, including fixed
rate, zero coupon, contingent, deferred, payment-in-kind, and auction rate features.
Because of the deterioration in credit markets that became acute in 2008, Overlay Fund
currently has and may continue to have material exposure to below investment grade securities. If
deemed prudent by the Manager, Overlay Fund will take temporary defensive measures until the
Manager has determined that normal conditions have returned or that it is otherwise prudent to
resume investing in accordance with Overlay Funds normal investment strategies. Overlay Fund may
not achieve its investment objective while it is taking temporary defensive measures. Because of
the above-referenced deterioration in credit markets, Overlay Fund has previously taken temporary
defensive positions and has availed itself of the right to honor redemption requests in-kind.
Overlay Funds benchmark is the J.P. Morgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index, which is independently
maintained and published by J.P. Morgan. The Index measures the total return performance of
three-month U.S. dollar Euro-deposits.
To the extent a GMO Fund invests in Overlay Fund, it is subject to the risks associated with
an investment in derivatives and in fixed income securities and all of the other risks to which
Overlay Fund is exposed. The principal risks of an investment in Overlay Fund include Market Risk
Fixed Income Securities, Leveraging Risk, Credit Risk, Counterparty Risk, Liquidity Risk,
Derivatives Risk, Focused Investment Risk, Foreign Investment Risk, Currency Risk, Market
Disruption and Geopolitical Risk, Large Shareholder Risk, and Management and Operational Risk.
Overlay Fund is a non-diversified investment company under the 1940 Act, and therefore a decline in
the market value of a particular security held by Overlay Fund may affect Overlay Funds
performance more than if Overlay Fund were diversified. Shareholders of each GMO Fund investing in
Overlay Fund are indirectly exposed to these risks, in addition to all risks associated with their
investment in such GMO Fund.
-39-
GMO TRUST
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders (when available) will contain
additional information about the Funds investments. The Funds annual report (when available)
will contain a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly
affected the Funds performance during its initial fiscal year. The Funds annual and semiannual
reports (when available) will be, and the Funds SAI is, available free of charge by writing to
Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling collect at
1-617-346-7646. Because the Fund does not publicly offer its shares, its shareholder reports and
SAI are not available on GMOs website. The SAI contains more detailed information about the Fund
and is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum, which means that it is
legally considered to be part of this Private Placement Memorandum.
You can review and copy the Private Placement Memorandum, SAI, and reports (when available) at
the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the
Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other
information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at
http://www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee,
by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public
Reference Section of the SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written
communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief
Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110. The shareholder communication must (i) be in
writing and be signed by the shareholder, (ii) identify the Fund to which it relates, and (iii)
identify the class and number of shares held beneficially or of record by the shareholder.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
GMO TRUST
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
May 20, 2011
GMO Benchmark-Free Fund
Class III
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus. It relates to the Private Placement
Memorandum for GMO Benchmark-Free Fund (the Fund) dated May 20, 2011, as amended and revised from
time to time thereafter (the Private Placement Memorandum), and should be read in conjunction
therewith. Information from the Private Placement Memorandum is, and (when available) information
from the annual report to shareholders of the Fund will be, incorporated by reference into this
Statement of Additional Information. The Private Placement Memorandum and the annual report to
shareholders (when available) of the Fund may be obtained free of charge from GMO Trust (the
Trust), 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, or by calling the Trust collect at
1-617-346-7646.
Table of Contents
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Page
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2
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2
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4
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50
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53
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53
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54
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76
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86
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89
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92
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92
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95
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97
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97
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98
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98
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A-1
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B-1
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The Fund is a series of the Trust. The Trust is a series investment company that consists
of separate series of investment portfolios (the Series), each of which is represented by a
separate series of shares of beneficial interest. Each Series manager is Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO). Shares of the other Series of the Trust are offered
pursuant to separate prospectuses or private placement memoranda, as applicable, and statements of
additional information.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective and principal strategies of, and risks of investing in, the Fund are
described in the Private Placement Memorandum. Unless otherwise indicated in the Private Placement
Memorandum or this Statement of Additional Information, the investment objective and policies of
the Fund may be changed without shareholder approval.
FUND INVESTMENTS
The following list indicates the types of investments that the Fund is generally permitted (but not
required) to make. The Fund may, however, make other types of investments, provided the
investments are consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies and the Funds
investment restrictions do not expressly prohibit it from so doing.
Investors should note that, when used in this Statement of Additional Information, the term
invest includes both direct investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes
both direct investments and indirect investments. For instance, the Fund may invest indirectly or
make indirect investments by investing in another investment company, including other series of the
Trust (each series of the Trust (including the Fund), a GMO Fund, and collectively, the GMO
Funds), or in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the
underlying asset. Accordingly, the following list indicates the types of investments that the Fund
is directly or indirectly permitted to make.
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U.S. Equity Securities
1
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Foreign InvestmentsForeign Issuers
2
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Foreign InvestmentsForeign Issuers (Traded on U.S. Exchanges)
2
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Foreign InvestmentsEmerging Countries
2
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Securities Lending
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Depositary Receipts
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Convertible Securities
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Preferred Stocks
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Warrants and Rights
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Options and Futures
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Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts
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Foreign Currency Transactions
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Repurchase Agreements
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Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities
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Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesLong and Medium Term Corporate & Government
Bonds
3
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2
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Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesShort-Term Corporate & Government Bonds
3
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Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesAuction Rate Securities
4
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Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesMunicipal Securities
5
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Cash and Other High Quality Investments
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U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities
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Real Estate Investment Trusts and other Real Estate-Related Investments
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Asset-Backed and Related Securities
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Adjustable Rate Securities
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Below Investment Grade Securities
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Distressed or Defaulted Instruments
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Merger Arbitrage Transactions
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Brady Bonds
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Euro Bonds
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Zero Coupon Securities
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Indexed Investments
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Structured Notes
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Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities
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Loans, Loan Participations, and Assignments
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Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
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Commodity-Related Investments (through GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity
Fund
6
)
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Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other
Limited Opportunities
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Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments
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Investments in Other Investment CompaniesShares of Other GMO Trust Funds
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Footnotes to Fund Investments List
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1
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For more information, see, among other sections, Description of Principal
RisksMarket RiskEquity Securities in the Private Placement Memorandum.
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2
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For more information, see, among other sections, Description of Principal
RisksForeign Investment Risk in the Private Placement Memorandum and Descriptions and Risks of
Fund InvestmentsRisks of Foreign Investments herein.
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3
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For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund
InvestmentsU.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities herein.
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4
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For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund
InvestmentsAuction Rate Securities herein.
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5
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For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund
InvestmentsMunicipal Securities herein.
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6
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A series of the Trust offered through a separate private placement memorandum.
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(
Note
: Some of the footnotes to the above charts refer investors to various risks
described in the Description of Principal Risks section of the Private Placement Memorandum for
more information relating to a particular type of investment listed in the charts. The presence of
such a risk cross reference for a particular Fund investment is not intended to indicate that such
risk is a principal risk of the Fund, and instead is intended to provide more information regarding
the risks associated with the particular investment. Please refer to the Fund Summary and
Description of Principal Risks sections of the Private Placement Memorandum for a list of the
Funds principal risks.)
3
DESCRIPTIONS AND RISKS OF FUND INVESTMENTS
The following is a description of investment practices in which the Fund may engage and the risks
associated with their use. The Fund is indirectly exposed to the investment practices of the GMO
Funds or other investment companies in which it invests (the underlying funds), and is therefore
subject to all risks associated with the practices of the underlying funds.
UNLESS OTHERWISE
NOTED HEREIN, THE INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS DETAILED BELOW ALSO INCLUDE THOSE TO
WHICH THE FUND INDIRECTLY MAY BE EXPOSED THROUGH ITS INVESTMENT IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS. ANY
REFERENCES TO INVESTMENTS MADE BY OR ACTIVITIES OR HOLDINGS OF THE FUND INCLUDE THOSE THAT MAY BE
MADE, CONDUCTED OR HELD, AS APPLICABLE, BOTH DIRECTLY BY THE FUND AND INDIRECTLY BY THE FUND (E.G.,
THROUGH ITS INVESTMENTS IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS OR THROUGH ITS INVESTMENTS IN DERIVATIVES OR
SYNTHETIC INSTRUMENTS).
Portfolio Turnover
Based on Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLCs (GMO or the Manager) assessment of market
conditions, the Manager may trade the Funds investments more frequently at some times than at
others, resulting in a higher portfolio turnover rate. Increased portfolio turnover involves
correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne
directly by the Fund and which may adversely affect the Funds performance. It also may give rise
to additional taxable income for its shareholders, including through the realization of capital
gains or other types of income that are taxable to Fund shareholders when distributed by the Fund
to them, unless those shareholders are themselves exempt from taxation or otherwise investing in
the Fund through a tax-advantaged account. If portfolio turnover results in the recognition of
short-term capital gains, those gains, when distributed to shareholders, typically are taxed to
shareholders at ordinary income tax rates. The after-tax impact of portfolio turnover is not
considered when making investment decisions for the Fund. See Distributions and Taxes in the
Private Placement Memorandum and Distributions and Taxes in this Statement of Additional
Information for more information.
Diversified and Non-Diversified Portfolios
As set forth in the Private Placement Memorandum, the Fund is a diversified fund
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). Funds that
are diversified funds are required to satisfy the diversified fund requirements under the 1940 Act.
At least 75% of the value of a diversified funds total assets must be represented by cash and
cash items (including receivables), government securities, securities of other investment
companies, and other securities that for the purposes of this calculation are limited in respect of
any one issuer to not greater than 5% of the value of the funds total assets and not more than 10%
of the outstanding voting securities of any single issuer. A non-diversified Fund is permitted
(but is not required) to invest a higher percentage of its assets in the securities of fewer
issuers. That concentration could increase the risk of loss to a Fund resulting from a decline in
the market
value of particular portfolio securities. Investment in a non-diversified fund may entail greater
risks than investment in a diversified fund.
4
All GMO Funds, whether diversified or non-diversified, must meet diversification standards to
qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the Code). See Taxes below for a description of these diversification standards.
Accelerated Transactions
For the Fund to take advantage of certain available investment opportunities, the Manager may need
to make investment decisions on an expedited basis. In such cases, the information available to
the Manager at the time of an investment decision may be limited. The Manager may not, therefore,
have access to the detailed information necessary for a full analysis and evaluation of the
investment opportunity.
Risks of Foreign Investments
General.
Investment in foreign issuers or securities principally traded outside the United States
may involve special risks due to foreign economic, political, and legal developments, including
favorable or unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations
(including currency blockage), expropriation, nationalization or confiscatory taxation of assets,
and possible difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against foreign entities. The Fund
may be subject to foreign taxation on realized capital gains, dividends or interest payable on
foreign securities, on transactions in those securities, or otherwise on the repatriation of
proceeds generated from those securities. Transaction-based charges are generally calculated as a
percentage of the transaction amount and are paid upon the sale or transfer of portfolio securities
subject to such taxes. Issuers of foreign securities are subject to different, often less
comprehensive, accounting, custody, reporting, and disclosure requirements than U.S. issuers. The
securities of some foreign governments, companies, and securities markets are less liquid, and at
times more volatile, than comparable U.S. securities and securities markets. Foreign brokerage
commissions and related fees also are generally higher than in the United States. The Fund also
may be affected by different custody and/or settlement practices or delayed settlements in some
foreign markets. The laws of some foreign countries may limit the Funds ability to invest in
securities of certain issuers located in those countries. Special tax considerations also apply to
investments in securities of foreign issuers and securities principally traded outside the United
States.
Foreign countries may have reporting requirements with respect to the ownership of securities, and
those reporting requirements may be subject to interpretation or change without prior notice to
investors. While the Fund makes reasonable efforts to stay informed of foreign reporting
requirements relating to the Funds foreign portfolio securities (
e.g.
, through the Funds
brokerage contacts, publications of the Investment Company Institute, which is the national
association of U.S. investment companies, the Funds custodial network, and, to the extent deemed
appropriate by the Fund under the circumstances, local counsel in the relevant foreign country), no
assurance can be given that the Fund will satisfy applicable foreign reporting requirements at all
times.
Emerging Countries.
The risks described above apply to an even greater extent to investments in
emerging countries. The securities markets of emerging countries are generally smaller, less
developed, less liquid, and more volatile than the securities markets of the United States and
5
developed foreign countries, and disclosure and regulatory standards in many respects are less
stringent. In addition, the securities markets of emerging countries are typically subject to a
lower level of monitoring and regulation. Government enforcement of existing securities
regulations is limited, and any such enforcement may be arbitrary and the results may be difficult
to predict. In addition, reporting requirements of emerging countries with respect to the
ownership of securities are more likely to be subject to interpretation or changes without prior
notice to investors than more developed countries.
Many emerging countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of
inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have negative effects on such countries economies and securities markets.
Economies of emerging countries generally are heavily dependent on international trade and,
accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed
or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. Economies of emerging countries also have
been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which
they trade. The economies of emerging countries may be predominantly based on only a few
industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities. In many cases, governments of
emerging countries continue to exercise significant control over their economies, and government
actions relative to the economy, as well as economic developments generally, may affect the
capacity of creditors in those countries to make payments on their debt obligations, regardless of
their financial condition.
Custodial services are often more expensive and other investment-related costs higher in emerging
countries than in developed countries, which could reduce the Funds income from investments in
securities or debt instruments of emerging country issuers.
Emerging countries are more likely than developed countries to experience political uncertainty and
instability, including the risk of war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of
funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that affect U.S. investments in these countries.
No assurance can be given that adverse political changes will not cause the Fund to suffer a loss
of any or all of its investments (or, in the case of fixed-income securities, interest) in emerging
countries.
Special Risks of Investing in Asian Securities.
In addition to the risks of foreign investments
and emerging countries investments described above, investments in Asia are subject to other risks.
The economies of Asian countries are at varying levels of development. Markets of countries whose
economies are in the early stages of development typically exhibit a high concentration of market
capitalization and have less trading volume, lower liquidity, and more volatility that more
developed markets. Some Asian countries depend heavily on foreign trade. The economies of some
Asian countries are not diversified and are based on only a few commodities or industries.
Investments in Asia also are susceptible to social, political, legal, and operational risks. Some
countries have authoritarian or relatively unstable governments. Some governments in the
6
region
provide less supervision and regulation of their financial markets and in some countries less
financial information is available than is typical of more developed markets. Some Asian countries
restrict direct foreign investment in securities markets, and investments in securities traded on
those markets may be made, if at all, only indirectly (e.g., through Depositary Receipts, as
defined below under Depositary Receipts, derivatives, etc.).
Asian countries periodically experience increases in market volatility and declines in foreign
currency exchange rates. Currency fluctuations affect the value of securities because the prices
of these securities are generally denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates can also affect a countrys or companys ability to service
its debt.
Investment in particular Asian countries is subject to unique risks, yet the political and economic
prospects of one country or group of countries can affect other countries in the region. For
example, the economies of some Asian countries are directly affected by Japanese capital investment
in the region and by Japanese consumer demands. In addition, a recession, a debt crisis, or a
decline in currency valuation in one Asian country may spread to other Asian countries.
Special Risks of Investing in Russian Securities.
The Fund may invest directly in the securities
of Russian issuers. Investment in those securities presents many of the same risks as investing in
the securities of emerging country issuers, as described in the preceding sections. The social,
political, legal, and operational risks of investing in Russian issuers, and of having assets held
in custody within Russia, however, may be particularly pronounced relative to investments in more
developed countries. Russias system of share registration and custody creates certain risks of
loss (including the risk of total loss) that are not normally associated with investments in other
securities markets.
A risk of particular note with respect to direct investment in Russian securities results from the
way in which ownership of shares of companies is normally recorded. Ownership of shares (except
where shares are held through depositories that meet the requirements of the 1940 Act) is defined
according to entries in the companys share register and normally evidenced by share extracts
from the register or, in certain circumstances, by formal share certificates. However, there is no
central registration system for shareholders and these services are carried out by the companies
themselves or by registrars located throughout Russia. The share registrars are controlled by the
issuer of the security, and investors are provided with few legal rights against such registrars.
These registrars are not necessarily subject to effective state supervision nor are they licensed
with any governmental entity. It is possible for the Fund to lose its registration through fraud,
negligence or even mere oversight. The Fund will endeavor to ensure that its interest is
appropriately recorded, which may involve a custodian or other agent inspecting the share register
and obtaining extracts of share registers through regular confirmations. However, these extracts
have no legal enforceability and it is possible that a subsequent illegal amendment or other
fraudulent act may deprive the Fund of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its
interests. In addition, while applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for
losses resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce any rights it may
have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the event of a loss of share
registration.
7
Also, although a Russian public enterprise having a certain minimum number of shareholders is
required by law to contract out the maintenance of its shareholder register to an independent
entity that meets certain criteria, this regulation has not always been strictly enforced in
practice. Because of this lack of independence, management of a company may be able to exert
considerable influence over who can purchase and sell the companys shares by illegally instructing
the registrar to refuse to record transactions in the share register. In addition, in recent
years, so-called financial-industrial groups have emerged that seek to deter outside investors
from interfering in the management of the companies they control. These practices may prevent the
Fund from investing in the securities of certain Russian companies deemed suitable by the Manager.
Further, this also could cause a delay in the sale of Russian securities held by the Fund if a
particular purchaser is deemed unsuitable, exposing the Fund to potential loss on the investment.
Securities Lending
The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities amounting to not more than one-third of
its total assets. For these purposes, total assets include the proceeds of such loans. The risks
in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in
recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail
financially, including possible impairment of the Funds ability to vote the securities. However,
securities loans will be made to broker-dealers that the Manager believes to be of relatively high
credit standing pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans be collateralized by cash, liquid
securities, or shares of other investment companies with a value at least equal to the market value
of the loaned securities (marked to market daily). If a loan is collateralized by U.S. government
or other securities, the Fund receives a fee from the borrower. If a loan is collateralized by
cash, the Fund typically invests the cash collateral for its own account in one or more money
market funds (in which case the Fund will bear its pro rata share of such money market funds fees
and expenses), or directly in interest-bearing, short-term securities, and typically pays a fee to
the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Funds earnings on the collateral. As with
other extensions of credit, the Fund bears the risk of delay in the recovery of loaned securities
and of loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. The Fund also bears
the risk that the value of investments made with collateral may decline. The Fund bears the risk
of total loss with respect to the investment of collateral.
Voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower. The
Fund has the right to call loans at any time on reasonable notice and will do so if both (i) the
Manager receives adequate notice of a proposal upon which shareholders are being asked to vote, and
(ii) the Manager believes that the benefits to the Fund of voting on such proposal outweigh the
benefits to the Fund of having the security remain out on loan. However, the Fund bears the risk
of delay in the return of the security, impairing the Funds ability to vote on such matters. The
Manager has retained lending agents on behalf of the Fund that are compensated based on a
percentage of the Funds return on its securities lending. The Fund may also pay various fees in
connection with securities loans, including shipping fees and custodian fees.
8
Depositary Receipts
The Fund may invest in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs),
and European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) or other similar securities representing ownership of
foreign securities (collectively, Depositary Receipts) if issues of such Depositary Receipts are
available that are consistent with the Funds investment objective. Depositary Receipts generally
evidence an ownership interest in a corresponding foreign security on deposit with a financial
institution. Transactions in Depositary Receipts usually do not settle in the same currency as the
underlying foreign securities are denominated or traded. Generally, ADRs are designed for use in
the U.S. securities markets and EDRs are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs may
be traded in any public or private securities market and may represent securities held by
institutions located anywhere in the world. GDRs and other types of Depositary Receipts are
typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although they may be issued by U.S. financial
institutions, and evidence ownership interests in a security or pool of securities issued by either
a foreign or a domestic corporation.
Because the value of a Depositary Receipt is dependent upon the market price of an underlying
foreign security, Depositary Receipts are subject to most of the risks associated with investing in
foreign securities directly. Depositary Receipts may be issued as sponsored or unsponsored
programs. See Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments Risks of Foreign Investments.
Depositary Receipts also may be subject to liquidity risk.
Convertible Securities
A convertible security is a security (a bond or preferred stock) that may be converted at a stated
price within a specified period into a specified number of shares of common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in a corporations capital
structure, but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer. Convertible
securities provide holders, through their conversion feature, an opportunity to participate in
increases in the market price of their underlying securities. The price of a convertible security
is influenced by the market price of the underlying security, and tends to increase as the market
price rises and decrease as the market price declines. The Manager regards convertible securities
as a form of equity security.
The value of a convertible security is a function of its investment value (determined by its
yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do
not have a conversion privilege) and its conversion value (the securitys worth, at market value,
if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is
influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase
and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may
also have an effect on the convertible securitys investment value. The conversion value of a
convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the
conversion value is low relative to the investment value, as in the case of broken or busted
convertibles, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its
investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or
exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced
by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its
9
conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the
underlying common stock while holding a fixed income security. Generally, the amount of the
premium decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price
established in the convertible securitys governing instrument. If a convertible security held by
the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the
security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third-party.
Preferred Stocks
Preferred stocks include convertible and non-convertible preferred and preference stocks that are
senior to common stock. Preferred stocks are equity securities that are senior to common stock
with respect to the right to receive dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from the
issuers liquidation. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional
liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of the issuers common stock, and thus represent
an ownership interest in the issuer. Depending on the features of the particular security, holders
of preferred stock may bear the risks disclosed in the Private Placement Memorandum or this
Statement of Additional Information regarding equity or fixed income securities.
Investment in preferred stocks involves certain risks. Certain preferred stocks contain provisions
that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions. If the Fund owns a
preferred stock that is deferring its distribution, it may be required to report income for tax
purposes despite the fact that it is not receiving current income on this position. Preferred
stocks often are subject to legal provisions that allow for redemption in the event of certain tax
or legal changes or at the issuers call. In the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to
reinvest the proceeds at comparable rates of return. Preferred stocks are subordinated to bonds
and other debt securities in an issuers capital structure in terms of priority for corporate
income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than those
debt securities. Preferred stocks may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be
subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities, such as common
stocks, corporate debt securities and U.S. government securities.
Warrants and Rights
The Fund may purchase or otherwise receive warrants or rights. Warrants and rights generally give
the holder the right to receive, upon exercise, a security of the issuer at a stated price. The
Fund typically uses warrants and rights in a manner similar to its use of options on securities, as
described in Options and Futures below. Risks associated with the use of warrants and rights are
generally similar to risks associated with the use of options. Unlike most options, however,
warrants and rights are issued in specific amounts, and warrants generally have longer terms than
options. Warrants and rights are not likely to be as liquid as exchange-traded options backed by a
recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of warrants or rights may limit the Funds
ability to exercise the warrants or rights at such time, or in such quantities, as the Fund would
otherwise wish.
10
Options and Futures
The Fund uses options and futures for various purposes, including for investment purposes and as a
means to hedge other investments. The use of options contracts, futures contracts, and options on
futures contracts involves risk. Thus, while the Fund may benefit from the use of options,
futures, and options on futures, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices,
currency exchange rates, or other underlying assets or reference rates may adversely affect the
Funds performance.
Options on Securities and Indices.
The Fund may purchase and sell put and call options on equity,
fixed income or other securities or indices in standardized exchange-traded contracts. An option
on a security or index is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium,
the right (but not the obligation) to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a
put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index
underlying the option) at a specified price. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on a security
has the obligation to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price or to pay
the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. Upon exercise, the writer of an
option on an index is required to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the
exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option.
Purchasing Options on Securities and Indices.
Among other reasons, the Fund may purchase a put
option to hedge against a decline in the value of a portfolio security. If such a decline occurs,
the put option will permit the Fund to sell the security at the higher exercise price or to close
out the option at a profit. By using put options in this manner, the Fund will reduce any profit
it might otherwise have realized in the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for
the put option and by its transaction costs. In order for a put option purchased by the Fund to be
profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the
exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund and transaction costs.
Among other reasons, the Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price
of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing in the future. If such a price increase occurs, a
call option will permit the Fund to purchase the securities at the exercise price or to close out
the option at a profit. The premium paid for the call option, plus any transaction costs, will
reduce the benefit, if any, that the Fund realizes upon exercise of the option and, unless the
price of the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Fund.
Thus, for a call option purchased by the Fund to be profitable, the market price of the underlying
security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund to
the writer and transaction costs.
In the case of both call and put options, the purchaser of an option risks losing the premium paid
for the option plus related transaction costs if the option expires worthless.
Writing Options on Securities and Indices.
Because the Fund receives a premium for writing a put
or call option, the Fund may seek to increase its return by writing call or put options on
securities or indices. The premium the Fund receives for writing an option will increase the
Funds return in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The size
of the premium the Fund receives reflects, among other things, the relationship of the market price
11
and volatility of the underlying security or index to the exercise price of the option, the
remaining term of the option, supply and demand, and interest rates.
The Fund may write a call option on a security or other instrument held by the Fund (commonly known
as writing a covered call option). In such case, the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from
an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option.
Alternatively, the Fund may write a call option on securities in which it may invest but that are
not currently held by the Fund (commonly known as writing a naked call option). During periods
of declining securities prices or when prices are stable, writing these types of call options can
be a profitable strategy to increase the Funds income with minimal capital risk. However, when
securities prices increase, the Fund is exposed to an increased risk of loss, because if the price
of the underlying security or instrument exceeds the options exercise price, the Fund will suffer
a loss equal to the amount by which the market price exceeds the exercise price at the time the
call option is exercised, minus the premium received. Calls written on securities that the Fund
does not own are riskier than calls written on securities owned by the Fund because there is no
underlying security held by the Fund that can act as a partial hedge. When such a call is
exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying security to meet its call obligation or make a
payment equal to the value of its obligation in order to close out the option. Calls written on
securities that the Fund does not own have speculative characteristics and the potential for loss
is unlimited. There is also a risk, especially with less liquid preferred and debt securities,
that the securities may not be available for purchase.
The Fund also may write a put option on a security. In so doing, the Fund assumes the risk that it
may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than its
then-current market price, resulting in a loss on exercise equal to the amount by which the market
price of the security is below the exercise price minus the premium received.
OTC Options
. The Fund may also invest in over-the-counter (OTC) options. OTC options differ
from exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts, with price and other terms
negotiated between the buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as
exchange-traded options.
Closing Options Transactions
.
The holder of an option may terminate its position in a put or call
option it has purchased by allowing it to expire or by exercising the option. If an option is
American style, it may be exercised on any day up to its expiration date. In contrast, a European
style option may be exercised only on its expiration date.
In addition, a holder of an option may terminate its obligation prior to the options expiration by
effecting an offsetting closing transaction. In the case of exchange-traded options, the Fund, as
a holder of an option, may effect an offsetting closing sale transaction by selling an option of
the same series as the option previously purchased. The Fund realizes a loss from a closing sale
transaction if the premium received from the sale of the option is less than the premium paid to
purchase the option (plus transaction costs). Similarly, if the Fund has written an option, it may
effect an offsetting closing purchase transaction by buying an option of the same series as the
option previously written. The Fund realizes a loss from a closing purchase transaction if the
cost of the closing purchase transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is greater than
12
the premium received from writing the option. If the Fund desires to sell a security on which it
has written a call option, it will effect a closing purchase prior to or concurrently with the sale
of the security. There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale can be
effected when the Fund desires to do so.
An OTC option may be closed out only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an
offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out
the option with the counterparty.
No guarantee exists that the Fund will be able to effect a closing purchase or a closing sale with
respect to a specific option at any particular time.
Risk Factors in Options Transactions.
There are various risks associated with transactions in
exchange-traded and OTC options. The value of options written by the Fund will be affected by many
factors, including changes in the value of underlying securities or indices, changes in the
dividend rates of underlying securities (or in the case of indices, the securities comprising such
indices), changes in interest rates, changes in the actual or perceived volatility of the stock
market and underlying securities, and the remaining time to an options expiration. The value of
an option also may be adversely affected if the market for the option is reduced or becomes less
liquid. In addition, since an American style option allows the holder to exercise its rights any
time prior to expiration of the option, the writer of an American style option has no control over
the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligations as a writer of the option. This risk
is not present when writing a European style option since the holder may only exercise the option
on its expiration date.
The Funds ability to use options as part of its investment programs depends on the liquidity of
the markets in those instruments. In addition, there can be no assurance that a liquid market will
exist when the Fund seeks to close out an option position. If the Fund were unable to close out an
option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to
realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. As the writer of a call option on a
portfolio security, during the options life, the Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from
increases in the market value of the security underlying the call option above the sum of the
premium and the strike price of the call, but retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received)
should the price of the underlying security decline. Similarly, as the writer of a call option on
a securities index, the Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from increases in the index over
the strike price of the option, though it retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received)
should the price of the Funds portfolio securities decline. If the Fund writes a call option and
does not hold the underlying security or instrument, the amount of the Funds potential loss is
theoretically unlimited.
An exchange-traded option may be closed out by means of an offsetting transaction only on a
national securities exchange (Exchange), which provides a secondary market for an option of the
same series. If a liquid secondary market for an exchange-traded option does not exist, the Fund
might not be able to effect an offsetting closing transaction for a particular option. Reasons
for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an Exchange include the following: (i)
insufficient trading interest in some options; (ii) restrictions by an Exchange on opening or
closing transactions, or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions, or other restrictions on
particular
13
classes or series of options or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen
interruptions in normal operations on an Exchange; (v) inability to handle current trading volume;
or (vi) discontinuance of options trading (or trading in a
particular class or series of options)
(although outstanding options on an Exchange that were issued by the Options Clearing Corporation
should continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms). In addition, the hours of
trading for options on an Exchange may not conform to the hours during which the securities held by
the Fund are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the
underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying
markets that may not be reflected in the options markets.
The Exchanges generally have established limits on the maximum number of options an investor or
group of investors acting in concert may write. The Fund, the Manager, and other clients of the
Manager may constitute such a group. These limits could restrict the Funds ability to purchase or
sell options on a particular security.
An OTC option may be closed out only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an
offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out
the option with the counterparty; however, the exposure to counterparty risk may differ. See Swap
Contracts and Other Two-Party ContractsRisk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other
Two-Party Contracts below for a discussion of counterparty risk and other risks associated with
investing in OTC options.
The Funds ability to engage in options transactions may be limited by tax considerations.
Currency Options.
The Fund may purchase and sell options on currencies. Options on currencies
possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate in a
similar manner. The Fund may purchase or sell options on currencies. (See Foreign Currency
Transactions below for more information on the Funds use of currency options.)
Futures.
To the extent consistent with applicable law, the Fund may invest in futures contracts
on, among other things, financial instruments (such as a U.S. government security or other fixed
income security), individual equity securities (single stock futures), securities indices,
interest rates, and currencies, inflation indices, and (to the extent the Fund is permitted to
invest in commodities and commodity-related derivatives (as defined in Commodity-Related
Investments (through GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund) below)) commodities or commodities
indices. Futures contracts on securities indices are referred to herein as Index Futures. The
purchase and sale of futures contracts may be used for speculative purposes.
Certain futures contracts are physically settled
(i.e.
, involve the making and taking of delivery
of a specified amount of an underlying security or other asset). For instance, the sale of futures
contracts on foreign currencies or financial instruments creates an obligation of the seller to
deliver a specified quantity of an underlying foreign currency or financial instrument called for
in the contract for a stated price at a specified
14
time. Conversely, the purchase of such futures
contracts creates an obligation of the purchaser to pay for and take delivery of the underlying
foreign currency or financial instrument called for in the contract for a stated price at a
specified time. In some cases, the specific instruments delivered or taken, respectively, on the
settlement date are not determined until on or near that date. That determination is made in
accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the sale or purchase was made. Some futures
contracts are cash settled (rather than physically settled), which means that the purchase price is
subtracted from the current market value of the instrument and the net amount, if positive, is paid
to the purchaser by the seller of the futures contract and, if negative, is paid by the purchaser
to the seller of the futures contract. In particular, Index Futures are agreements pursuant to
which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference
between the value of a securities index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and
the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of a securities
index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of
these securities is made.
The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or sale of a security or
option in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, an amount of cash, U.S.
government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to a percentage of the face amount of
the futures contract must be deposited with the broker. This amount is known as initial margin.
The amount of the initial margin is generally set by the market on which the contract is traded
(margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than those on U.S. exchanges).
Subsequent payments to and from the broker, known as variation margin, are made on a daily basis as
the price of the underlying futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the
futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking to the market. For futures
contracts which are cash settled, the Fund may designate or segregate liquid assets in an amount
equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market value of such contract. Prior to the settlement date of
the futures contract, the position may be closed by taking an opposite position. A final
determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid to or
released by the broker, and the purchaser realizes a loss or gain. In addition, a commission is
paid to the broker on each completed purchase and sale.
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities,
currencies, commodities, or other underlying instrument, in most cases, futures contracts
are closed before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery by offsetting
purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (i.e., with the same exchange, underlying
financial instrument, currency, commodity, or index, and delivery month). If the price
of the initial sale exceeds the price of the offsetting purchase, the seller is paid the difference
and realizes a gain. Conversely, if the price of the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of the
initial sale, the seller realizes a loss. Similarly, a purchase of a futures contract is closed
out by selling a corresponding futures contract. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the original
purchase price, the purchaser realizes a gain, and, if the original purchase price exceeds the
offsetting sale price, the purchaser realizes a loss. Any transaction costs must also be included
in these calculations.
In the United States, futures contracts are traded only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade
known as contract markets approved by the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission (CFTC), and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm
that is a member of the relevant market. The Fund may also purchase futures contracts on foreign
exchanges or similar entities, which are not regulated by the CFTC and may
15
not be subject to the
same degree of regulation as the U.S. contract markets. (See Additional Risks of Options on
Securities, Futures Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts Traded on Foreign Exchanges
below.)
Index Futures.
The Funds purchase and sale of Index Futures is limited to contracts and exchanges
approved by the CFTC. The Fund may close open positions on an exchange on which Index Futures are
traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. In general, all positions that remain
open at the close of business on that day must be settled on the next business day (based on the
value of the relevant index on the expiration day). Additional or different margin requirements as
well as settlement procedures may apply to foreign stock Index Futures.
Interest Rate Futures.
The Fund may engage in transactions involving the use of futures on
interest rates. These transactions may be in connection with investments in U.S. government
securities and other fixed income securities.
Inflation Linked Futures.
The Fund may enter into transactions involving inflation linked futures,
including Consumer Price Index (CPI) futures, which are exchange-traded futures contracts that
represent the inflation on a notional value of $1,000,000 for a period of three months, as implied
by the CPI. Inflation linked futures may be used by the Fund to hedge the inflation risk in
nominal bonds (i.e., non-inflation indexed bonds) thereby creating synthetic inflation indexed
bonds. The Fund also may combine inflation linked futures with U.S. Treasury futures contracts to
create synthetic inflation indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury. See Indexed
InvestmentsInflation Indexed Bonds below for a discussion of inflation indexed bonds.
Currency Futures.
The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts on currencies. (See Foreign
Currency Transactions below for a description of the Funds use of currency futures.)
Options on Futures Contracts.
Options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return
for the premium paid to assume a long position (in the case of a call option) or a short position
(in the case of a put option) in a futures contract at the option exercise price at any time during
the period of the option (in the case of an American style option) or on the expiration date (in
the case of European style option). Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long
position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the
case of a put option, the holder acquires a short position and the writer is assigned the opposite
long position in the futures contract. Accordingly, in the event that an option is exercised, the
parties will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as
payment of initial and variation margin deposits.
The Fund may use options on futures contracts in lieu of writing or buying options directly on the
underlying securities or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to
hedge against a possible decrease in the value of its portfolio securities, the Fund
may purchase put options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling futures
contracts. Similarly, the Fund may hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities
the Fund expects to purchase by purchasing call options or writing put options on futures contracts
16
rather than purchasing futures contracts. In addition, the Fund may purchase and sell interest
rate options on U.S. Treasury or Eurodollar futures to take a long or short position on interest
rate fluctuations. Options on futures contracts generally operate in the same manner as options
purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. (See Foreign Currency Transactions
below for a description of the Funds use of options on currency futures.)
The Fund also is required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on
futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits may vary depending on the nature of the
underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value
of the option, and other futures positions held by the Fund.
A position in an option on a futures contract may be terminated by the purchaser or seller prior to
expiration by effecting a closing purchase or sale transaction, subject to the availability of a
liquid secondary market, which is the purchase or sale of an option of the same type (i.e., the
same exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously purchased or sold. The
difference between the premiums paid and received represents the Funds profit or loss on the
transaction.
Commodity Futures and Options on Commodity Futures.
The Fund, through its investments in GMO
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund (another series of the Trust offered through a separate private
placement memorandum), may have exposure to futures contracts on various commodities or commodities
indices (commodity futures) and options on commodity futures. A futures contract on a commodity
is an agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to purchase a commodity, such as an
energy, agricultural, or metal commodity, from the other party at a later date at a price and
quantity agreed upon when the contract is made. Futures contracts on commodities indices operate
in a manner similar to Index Futures. While commodity futures on individual commodities are
physically settled, the Manager intends to close out those futures contracts before the settlement
date without the making or taking of delivery.
Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions
. Investment in futures contracts involves
risk. A purchase or sale of futures contracts may result in losses in excess of the amount
invested in the futures contract. If a futures contract is used for hedging, an imperfect
correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security,
currency, or other investment being hedged creates risk. Correlation is higher when the investment
being hedged underlies the futures contract. Correlation is lower when the investment being hedged
is different than the security, currency, or other investment underlying the futures contract, such
as when a futures contract on an index of securities or commodities is used to hedge a single
security or commodity, a futures contract on one security (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) or commodity
(e.g., gold) is used to hedge a different security (e.g., a mortgage-backed security) or commodity
(e.g., copper), or when a futures contract in one currency is used to hedge a security denominated
in another currency. In the case of Index Futures and futures on commodity indices, changes in the
price of those futures contracts may
not correlate perfectly with price movements in the relevant index due to market distortions. In
the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures position and the portfolio position (or
anticipated position) intended to be hedged, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract at
17
the same time the Fund is realizing a loss on the portfolio position intended to be hedged. To
compensate for imperfect correlations, the Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater
amount than the hedged investments if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is
historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, the Fund may
purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments
is historically less than that of the futures contract. The successful use of transactions in
futures and related options for hedging also depends on the direction and extent of exchange rate,
interest rate and asset price movements within a given time frame. For example, to the extent
equity prices remain stable during the period in which a futures contract or option is held by the
Fund investing in equity securities (or such prices move in a direction opposite to that
anticipated), the Fund may realize a loss on the futures transaction, which is not fully or
partially offset by an increase in the value of its portfolio securities. As a result, the
Funds total return for such period may be less than if it had not engaged in the hedging
transaction.
All participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements.
Instead of meeting margin calls, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting
transactions, which could distort normal correlations. The margin deposit requirements in the
futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, allowing for
more speculators who may cause temporary price distortions. Trading hours for foreign stock Index
Futures may not correspond perfectly to the trading hours of the foreign exchange to which a
particular foreign stock Index Future relates. As a result, the lack of continuous arbitrage may
cause a disparity between the price of foreign stock Index Futures and the value of the relevant
index.
The Fund may purchase futures contracts (or options on them) as an anticipatory hedge against a
possible increase in the price of a currency in which securities the Fund anticipates purchasing is
denominated. In such instances, the currency may instead decline. If the Fund does not then
invest in those securities, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset
by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
The Funds ability to engage in the futures and options on futures strategies described above
depends on the liquidity of the markets in those instruments. Trading interest in various types of
futures and options on futures cannot be predicted. Therefore, no assurance can be given that the
Fund will be able to utilize these instruments at all or that their use will be effective. In
addition, there can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks
to close out a futures or option on a futures contract position, and that Fund would remain
obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. The liquidity of a secondary
market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by daily price fluctuation limits
established by commodity exchanges to limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price
during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached, no trades of the contract may
be entered at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions.
In the past, prices have exceeded the daily limit on several consecutive trading days. Short (and
long) positions in Index Futures or futures on commodities indices may be closed out only by
purchasing (or selling) a futures contract on the exchange on which the Index Futures or commodity
futures, as applicable, are traded.
18
As discussed above, if the Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, it is only required to
deposit initial and variation margin as required by relevant CFTC regulations and the rules of the
contract market. The Funds net asset value will generally fluctuate with the value of the
security or other instrument underlying a futures contract as if it were already in the Funds
portfolio. Futures transactions can have the effect of investment leverage. Furthermore, if the
Fund combines short and long positions, in addition to possible declines in the values of its
investment securities, the Fund will incur losses if the index underlying the long futures position
underperforms the index underlying the short futures position.
In addition, if the Funds futures brokers become bankrupt or insolvent, or otherwise default on
their obligations to the Fund, the Fund may not receive all amounts owing to it in respect of its
trading, despite the futures clearinghouse fully discharging all of its obligations. Furthermore,
in the event of the bankruptcy of a futures broker, the Fund could be limited to recovering only a
pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the futures brokers combined
customer accounts, even though certain property specifically traceable to the Fund was held by the
futures broker.
The Funds ability to engage in futures and options on futures transactions may be limited by tax
considerations.
Additional Risk Associated with Commodity Futures Transactions.
Several additional risks are
associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.
Storage Costs.
The price of a commodity futures contract reflects the storage costs of purchasing
the underlying commodity, including the time value of money invested in the commodity. To the
extent that the storage costs change, the value of the futures contracts may change
correspondingly.
Reinvestment Risk.
In the commodity futures markets, producers of an underlying commodity may sell
futures contracts to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery. To induce speculators to
purchase the other side (the long side) of the contract, the commodity producer generally must sell
the contract at a lower price than the expected futures spot price. Conversely, if most purchasers
of the underlying commodity purchase futures contracts to hedge against a rise in commodity prices,
then speculators will only sell the contract at a higher price than the expected future spot price
of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will
influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected futures spot price. As a result,
when the Manager reinvests the proceeds from a maturing contract, it may purchase a new futures
contract at a higher or lower price than the expected futures spot prices of the maturing contract
or choose to pursue other investments.
Additional Economic Factors.
The value of the commodities underlying commodity futures contracts
may be subject to additional economic and non-economic factors, such as drought, floods or other
weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from
substitute products, transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand,
tariffs, and international economic, political, and regulatory developments.
19
See also Commodity-Related Investments (through GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund) below for
more discussion of the special risks of investing in commodity futures, options on commodity
futures, and related types of derivatives.
Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts
Traded on Foreign Exchanges.
Options on securities, futures contracts, options on futures
contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not
be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States (which are regulated by
the CFTC) and may be subject to greater risks than trading on domestic exchanges. For example,
some foreign exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a
trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The lack of a common clearing
facility creates counterparty risk. If a counterparty defaults, the Fund normally will have
contractual remedies against that counterparty, but may be unsuccessful in enforcing those
remedies. When seeking to enforce a contractual remedy, the Fund also is subject to the risk that
the parties may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently. If a
dispute occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund to
enforce its contractual rights may lead the Fund to decide not to pursue its claims against the
counterparty. The Fund thus assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it
under foreign futures contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund
has incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, unless the Fund hedges against fluctuations in
the exchange rate between the currencies in which trading is done on foreign exchanges and other
currencies, any profits that the Fund might realize in trading could be offset (or worse) by
adverse changes in the exchange rate. The value of foreign options and futures may also be
adversely affected by other factors unique to foreign investing (see Risks of Foreign Investments
above).
Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts
The Fund uses swap contracts (or swaps) and other two-party contracts for the same or similar
purposes as options and futures.
Swap Contracts.
The Fund may directly or indirectly use various different types of swaps, such as
swaps on securities and securities indices, total return swaps, interest rate swaps, currency
swaps, credit default swaps, variance swaps, commodity swaps, inflation swaps, and other types of
available swap agreements, depending on a Funds investment objective and policies. Swap contracts
are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from
a few weeks to a number of years. Under a typical swap, one party may agree to pay a fixed rate or
a floating rate determined by reference to a specified instrument, rate, or index, multiplied in
each case by a specified amount (notional amount), while the other party agrees to pay an amount
equal to a different floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. On each payment date,
the parties obligations are netted, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other.
Swap contracts are typically individually negotiated and structured to provide exposure to a
variety of different types of investments or market factors. Swap contracts may be entered into
for hedging or non-hedging purposes and therefore may increase or decrease the Funds exposure to
the underlying instrument, rate, asset or index. Swaps can take many different forms
20
and are known
by a variety of names. The Fund is not limited to any particular form or variety of swap agreement
if the Manager determines it is consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies.
The Fund may enter into swaps on securities, baskets of securities, or securities indices. For
example, the parties to a swap contract may agree to exchange returns calculated on a notional
amount of a security, basket of securities, or securities index (e.g., S&P 500 Index).
Additionally, the Fund may use total return swaps, which typically involve commitments to pay
amounts computed in the same manner as interest in exchange for a market-linked return, both based
on notional amounts. The Fund may use such swaps to gain investment exposure to the underlying
security or securities where direct ownership is either not legally possible or is economically
unattractive. To the extent the total return of the security, basket of securities, or index
underlying the transaction exceeds or falls short of the offsetting interest rate obligation, the
Fund will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty, respectively.
In addition, the Fund may enter into an interest rate swap in order to protect against declines in
the value of fixed income securities held by the Fund. In such an instance, the Fund may agree
with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the counterparty pay
a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. If interest rates rise, resulting in a
diminution in the value of the Funds portfolio, the Fund would receive payments under the swap
that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value. The Fund may also enter into
swaps to modify its exposure to particular currencies using currency swaps. For instance, the Fund
may enter into a currency swap between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese Yen in order to increase or
decrease its exposure to each such currency.
The Fund may use inflation swaps, which involve commitments to pay a regular stream of inflation
indexed cash payments in exchange for receiving a stream of nominal interest payments (or vice
versa), where both payment streams are based on a notional amount. The nominal interest payments
may be based on either a fixed interest rate or variable interest rate, such as LIBOR. Inflation
swaps may be used to hedge the inflation risk in nominal bonds (i.e., non-inflation indexed bonds),
thereby creating synthetic inflation indexed bonds, or combined with U.S. Treasury futures
contracts to create synthetic inflation indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury. See Indexed
Investments Inflation Indexed Bonds below.
In addition, the Fund may directly or indirectly use credit default swaps to take an active long or
short position with respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate (including asset-backed
security) or sovereign issuer of fixed income securities. In a credit default swap, one party
pays, in effect, an insurance premium through a stream of payments to another party in exchange for
the right to receive a specified return in the event of default (or similar events) by one or more
third parties on their obligations. For example, in purchasing a credit default swap, the Fund may
pay a premium in return for the right to put specified bonds or loans to the counterparty, such as
a U.S. or foreign issuer or basket of such issuers, upon issuer default (or similar events)
at their par (or other agreed-upon) value. The Fund, as the purchaser in a credit default swap,
bears the risk that the investment might expire worthless. It also would be subject to
counterparty risk the risk that the counterparty may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to
the Fund in the event of a default (or similar event) (see Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC
21
Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts below). In addition, as a purchaser in a credit default
swap, the Funds investment would only generate income in the event of an actual default (or
similar event) by the issuer of the underlying obligation.
The Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes by selling a credit default
swap, in which case the Fund will receive a premium from its counterparty in return for the Funds
taking on the obligation to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value to the counterparty upon
issuer default (or similar events). As the seller in a credit default swap, the Fund effectively
adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund is
subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If no event of default (or
similar event) occurs, the Fund would keep the premium received from the counterparty and would
have no payment obligations. For credit default swap agreements on asset-backed securities, an
event of default may be triggered by various events, which may include an issuers failure to pay
interest or principal, a breach of a material representation or covenant, an agreement by the
holders of an asset-backed security to a maturity extension, or a write-down on the collateral
underlying the security. For credit default swap agreements on corporate or sovereign issuers, an
event of default may be triggered by such events as the issuers bankruptcy, failure to pay
interest or principal, repudiation/moratorium or restructuring.
The Fund may use variance swap agreements, which involve an agreement by two parties to exchange
cash flows based on the measured variance (or square of volatility) of a specified underlying
asset. One party agrees to exchange a fixed rate or strike price payment for the floating rate
or realized price variance on the underlying asset with respect to the notional amount. At
inception, the strike price chosen is generally fixed at a level such that the fair value of the
swap is zero. As a result, no money changes hands at the initiation of the contract. At the
expiration date, the amount paid by one party to the other is the difference between the realized
price variance of the underlying asset and the strike price multiplied by the notional amount. A
receiver of the realized price variance would receive a payment when the realized price variance of
the underlying asset is greater than the strike price and would make a payment when that variance
is less than the strike price. A payer of the realized price variance would make a payment when the
realized price variance of the underlying asset is greater than the strike price and would receive
a payment when that variance is less than the strike price. This type of agreement is essentially a
forward contract on the future realized price variance of the underlying asset.
While the Fund does not directly use commodity swaps, through its investments in GMO Alternative
Asset Opportunity Fund (another series of the Trust offered through a separate private placement
memorandum), the Fund may have indirect exposure to commodity swaps on one or more broad-based
commodities indices (e.g., the Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index), as well as commodity swaps on
individual commodities or baskets of commodities. See Commodity-Related Investments (through GMO
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund) below
for more discussion of that Funds use of commodity swap contracts and other related types of
derivatives.
Contracts for Differences.
Contracts for differences are swap arrangements in which the parties
agree that their return (or loss) will be based on the relative performance of two different groups
22
or baskets of securities. Often, one or both baskets will be an established securities index. The
Funds return will be based on changes in value of theoretical long futures positions in the
securities comprising one basket (with an aggregate face value equal to the notional amount of the
contract for differences) and theoretical short futures positions in the securities comprising the
other basket. The Fund also may use actual long and short futures positions and achieve similar
market exposure by netting the payment obligations of the two contracts. The Fund will only enter
into contracts for differences (and analogous futures positions) when the Manager believes that the
basket of securities constituting the long position will outperform the basket constituting the
short position. If the short basket outperforms the long basket, the Fund will realize a loss
even in circumstances when the securities in both the long and short baskets appreciate in value.
In addition, GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund may use contracts for differences that are
based on the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of commodities. Often, one or
both baskets is a commodities index. Contracts for differences on commodities operate in a similar
manner to contracts for differences on securities described above.
Interest Rate Caps, Floors, and Collars.
The Fund uses interest rate caps, floors, and collars for
the same or similar purposes as it uses interest rate futures contracts and related options and, as
a result, will be subject to similar risks. See Options and FuturesRisk Factors in Options
Transactions and Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions above. Like
interest rate swap contracts, interest rate caps, floors, and collars are two-party agreements in
which the parties agree to pay or receive interest on a notional principal amount and are generally
individually negotiated with a specific counterparty. The purchaser of an interest rate cap
receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index
exceeds a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate floor receives interest
payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls below a specified
interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate collar receives interest payments from the seller
to the extent that the return on a specified index falls outside the range of two specified
interest rates.
Swaptions
.
An option on a swap agreement, also called a swaption, is an OTC option that gives
the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a specified future date in
exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to
receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index (such as a call option on a
bond). A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset,
reference rate, or index (such as a put option on a bond). Swaptions also include options that
allow one of the counterparties to terminate or extend an existing swap.
Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts
.
The Fund may only
close out a swap, contract for differences, cap, floor, collar, or OTC option (including swaption)
with its particular counterparty, and may only transfer a position with the consent of
that counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but
there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or
that the Fund will be able to enforce its rights. For example, because the contract for each OTC
derivatives transaction is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the Fund is
subject to the risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of
default)
23
differently than the Fund. The cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings
required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its
claims against the counterparty. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to
obtain payments the Manager believes are owed to it under an OTC derivatives contract or that those
payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation.
The credit rating of a counterparty may be adversely affected by larger-than-average volatility in
the markets, even if the counterpartys net market exposure is small relative to its capital.
The Funds ability to enter into these transactions may be affected by tax considerations.
Additional Risk Factors in OTC Derivatives Transactions.
Among other trading agreements, the Fund
is party to International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreements (ISDA
Agreements) or other similar types of agreements with select counterparties that generally govern
over-the-counter derivative transactions entered into by the Fund. The ISDA Agreements typically
include representations and warranties as well as contractual terms related to collateral, events
of default, termination events, and other provisions. Termination events may include the decline in
the net assets of the Fund below a certain level over a specified period of time and entitle a
counterparty to elect to terminate early with respect to some or all the transactions under the
ISDA Agreement with that counterparty. Such an election by one or more of the counterparties could
have a material adverse impact on the Funds operations.
Use of Futures and Related Options, Interest Rate Floors, Caps and Collars, Certain Types of Swap
Contracts and Related InstrumentsCommodity Pool Operator Status.
The Fund has claimed an
exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act and,
therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under that
Act.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are
determined by the forces of supply and demand in the currency exchange markets, the relative merits
of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, and other
complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably as a result of
intervention (or the failure to intervene) by the U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or
by currency controls or political and economic developments in the U.S. or abroad. Currencies in
which the Funds assets are denominated may be devalued against other currencies, resulting in a
loss to the Fund.
The Fund is permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies and may buy or sell
foreign currencies or deal in forward foreign currency contracts, currency futures contracts and
related options, and options on currencies. The Fund may use such currency instruments for
hedging, investment, and/or currency risk management. Currency risk management may include taking
overweighted or underweighted currency positions relative to both the securities portfolio of the
Fund and the Funds performance benchmark or index. The Fund also may purchase forward foreign
exchange contracts in conjunction with U.S. dollar-denominated securities in order to create a
synthetic foreign currency-denominated security that approximates desired risk
24
and return
characteristics when the non-synthetic securities either are not available in foreign markets or
possess undesirable characteristics.
Forward foreign currency contracts are contracts between two parties to purchase and sell a
specified quantity of a particular currency at a specified price, with delivery and settlement to
take place on a specified future date. A forward foreign currency contract can reduce the Funds
exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will deliver and can increase its exposure to
changes in the value of the currency it will receive for the duration of the contract. The effect
on the value of the Fund is similar to the effect of selling securities denominated in one currency
and purchasing securities denominated in another currency. Contracts to sell a particular foreign
currency would limit any potential gain that might be realized by the Fund if the value of the
hedged currency increases. In addition, it is not always possible to hedge fully or perfectly
against currency fluctuations affecting the value of the securities denominated in foreign
currencies because the value of such securities also is likely to fluctuate because of independent
factors not related to currency fluctuations. If a forward foreign currency contract is used for
hedging, an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the forward foreign currency
contract and the price of the currency or other investment being hedged creates risk.
Forward foreign currency contracts involve a number of the same characteristics and risks as
currency futures contracts (discussed below) but there also are several differences. Forward
foreign currency contracts are not market traded, and are not necessarily marked to market on a
daily basis. They settle only at the pre-determined settlement date. This can result in
deviations between forward foreign currency prices and currency futures prices, especially in
circumstances where interest rates and currency futures prices are positively correlated. Second,
in the absence of exchange trading and involvement of clearing houses, there are no standardized
terms for forward currency contracts. Accordingly, the parties are free to establish such
settlement times and underlying amounts of a currency as desirable, which may vary from the
standardized provisions available through any currency futures contract. Finally, forward foreign
currency contracts, as two party obligations for which there is no secondary market, involve
counterparty risk not present with currency futures contracts, discussed below.
The Fund also may purchase or sell currency futures contracts and related options. Currency
futures contracts are contracts to buy or sell a standard quantity of a particular currency at a
specified future date and price. However, currency futures can be and often are closed out prior
to delivery and settlement. In addition, the Fund may use options on currency futures contracts,
which give their holders the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option)
or sell (in the case of a put option) a specified currency futures contract at a fixed price during
a specified period. (See Options and FuturesFutures above for more information on futures
contracts and options on futures contracts).
The Fund also may purchase or sell options on currencies. These give their holders the right, but
not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a
specified quantity of a particular currency at a fixed price during a specified period. Options on
currencies possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate
in a similar manner. They may be traded on an exchange or in the OTC markets. Options on
currencies traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits, which
25
may limit the
ability of the Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using options. (See Options and
FuturesCurrency Options above for more information on currency options).
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers. A repurchase
agreement is a contract under which the Fund acquires a security (usually an obligation of the
government in the jurisdiction where the transaction is initiated or in whose currency the
agreement is denominated) for a relatively short period (usually less than a week) for cash and
subject to the commitment of the seller to repurchase the security for an agreed-upon price on a
specified date. The repurchase price exceeds the acquisition price and reflects an agreed-upon
market rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Repurchase agreements afford
the Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash without market risk,
although the Fund bears the risk of a sellers defaulting on its obligation to pay the repurchase
price when it is required to do so. Such a default may subject the Fund to expenses, delays, and
risks of loss including: (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security while the
Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access
to income during this period, and (iii) the inability to enforce its rights and the expenses
involved in attempted enforcement. Entering into repurchase agreements entails certain risks,
which include the risk that the counterparty to the repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill
its obligations, as discussed above, that the parties may disagree as to the meaning or application
of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected. See Description of
Principal RisksCounterparty Risk in the Private Placement Memorandum.
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Generally
Debt and other fixed income securities include fixed and floating rate securities of any maturity.
Fixed rate securities pay a specified rate of interest or dividends. Floating rate securities pay
a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to a specified index or market rate. Fixed and
floating rate securities include securities issued by federal, state, local, and foreign
governments and related agencies, and by a wide range of private issuers, and generally are
referred to in this Statement of Additional Information as fixed income securities. Indexed
bonds are a type of fixed income security whose principal value and/or interest rate is adjusted
periodically according to a specified instrument, index, or other statistic (e.g., another
security, inflation index, currency, or commodity). See Adjustable Rate Securities and Indexed
Investments below. In addition, the Fund may create synthetic bonds which approximate desired
risk and return profiles. This may be done where a non-synthetic security having the desired
risk/return profile either is unavailable (e.g., short-term securities of certain foreign
governments) or possesses undesirable characteristics (e.g., interest payments on the security
would be subject to foreign withholding taxes). See, for example, Options and
FuturesInflation-Linked Futures above.
Holders of fixed income securities are exposed to both market and credit risk. Market risk
(or interest rate risk) relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in
interest rates. In general, the values of fixed income securities increase when interest rates
fall and decrease when interest rates rise. Credit risk relates to the ability of an issuer to
make payments of principal and interest. Obligations of issuers are subject to bankruptcy,
insolvency and other
26
laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. Fixed income
securities denominated in
foreign currencies also are subject to the risk of a decline in the value of the denominating
currency.
Because interest rates vary, the future income of the Fund cannot be predicted with certainty. To
the extent the Fund invests in indexed securities, the future income of the Fund also will be
affected by changes in those securities indices over time (e.g., changes in inflation rates or
currency rates).
The Fund may invest in a wide range of debt and fixed income instruments, including, but not
limited to, Brady Bonds, Euro Bonds and Zero Coupon Securities, described below.
Cash and Other High Quality Investments
The Fund may temporarily invest a portion of its assets in cash or cash items pending other
investments or to maintain liquid assets required in connection with some of the Funds
investments. These cash items and other high quality debt securities may include money market
instruments, such as securities issued by the United States Government and its agencies, bankers
acceptances, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit. If a custodian holds cash on
behalf of the Fund, the Fund may be an unsecured creditor in the event of the insolvency of the
custodian. In addition, the Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to such a custodian,
which may be heightened to the extent the Fund takes a temporary defensive position.
U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities
U.S. government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its
authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities. Foreign government securities include securities
issued or guaranteed by foreign governments (including political subdivisions) or their
authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities or by supra-national agencies. Different kinds of U.S.
government securities and foreign government securities have different kinds of government support.
For example, some U.S. government securities (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) are supported by the full
faith and credit of the United States. Other U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed
by federal agencies or government-chartered or -sponsored enterprises but are neither guaranteed
nor insured by the U.S. government (e.g., debt securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home
Loan Banks (FHLBs)). Similarly, some foreign government securities are supported by the full
faith and credit of a foreign national government or political subdivision and some are not.
Foreign government securities of some countries may involve varying degrees of credit risk as a
result of financial or political instability in those countries or the possible inability of the
Fund to enforce its rights against the foreign
government. As with issuers of other fixed income securities, sovereign issuers may be unable or
unwilling to make timely principal or interest payments.
Supra-national agencies are agencies whose member nations make capital contributions to support the
agencies activities. Examples include the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(the World Bank), the Asian Development Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank.
27
As with other fixed income securities, U.S. government securities and foreign government
securities expose their holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest
rates fluctuate. For example, the value of U.S. government securities or foreign government
securities may fall during times of rising interest rates. Yields on U.S. government securities
and foreign government securities tend to be lower than those of corporate securities of comparable
maturities. Generally, when interest rates on short term U.S. Treasury obligations equal or
approach zero, a fund that invests a substantial portion of its assets in U.S. Treasury obligations
will have a negative return unless the Manager waives or reduces its management fees.
In addition to investing directly in U.S. government securities and foreign government securities,
the Fund may purchase certificates of accrual or similar instruments evidencing undivided ownership
interests in interest payments and/or principal payments of U.S. government securities and foreign
government securities. The Fund may also invest in Separately Traded Registered Interest and
Principal Securities (STRIPS), which are interests in separately traded interest and principal
component parts of U.S. Treasury obligations that represent future interest payments, principal
payments, or both, are direct obligations of the U.S. government, and are transferable through the
federal reserve book-entry system. Certificates of accrual and similar instruments may be more
volatile than other government securities.
Auction Rate Securities
Auction rate securities consist of auction rate municipal securities and auction rate preferred
securities sold through an auction process issued by closed-end investment companies,
municipalities and governmental agencies. Provided that the auction mechanism is successful,
auction rate securities usually permit the holder to sell the securities in an auction at par value
at specified intervals. The dividend is reset by Dutch auction in which bids are made by
broker-dealers and other institutions for a certain amount of securities at a specified minimum
yield. The dividend rate set by the auction is the lowest interest or dividend rate that covers all
securities offered for sale. While this process is designed to permit auction rate securities to be
traded at par value, there is the risk that an auction will fail due to insufficient demand for the
securities.
Municipal Securities
Municipal obligations are issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the
United States and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities and the District of
Columbia to obtain funds for various public purposes. Municipal obligations are subject to more
credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the
United States. The ability of municipalities to meet their obligations will depend on the
availability of tax and other revenues, economic, political and other conditions within the state
and municipality, and the underlying fiscal condition of the state and municipality. As with other
fixed income securities, municipal securities also expose their holders to market risk because
their values typically change as interest rates fluctuate. The two principal classifications of
municipal obligations are notes and bonds.
Municipal notes are generally used to provide for short-term capital needs, such as to finance
working capital needs of municipalities or to provide various interim or construction financing,
28
and generally have maturities of one year or less. They are generally payable from specific
revenues expected to be received at a future date or are issued in anticipation of long-term
financing to be obtained in the market to provide for the repayment of the note.
Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than
one year when issued, have two principal classifications: general obligation bonds and revenue
bonds. Issuers of general obligation bonds, the proceeds of which are used to fund a wide range of
public projects including the construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, water and
sewer systems and a variety of other public purposes, include states, counties, cities, towns and
regional districts. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuers pledge of
its full faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest.
Revenue bonds have been issued to fund a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas,
water and sewer systems; highways, bridges and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and
universities; and hospitals. The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net
revenues derived from a particular facility or group of facilities or, in some cases, from the
proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Although the principal security
behind these bonds varies widely, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service
reserve fund whose monies may also be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuers
obligations. In addition to a debt service reserve fund, some authorities provide further security
in the form of a states ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt reserve
fund.
Securities purchased for the Fund may include variable/floating rate instruments, variable mode
instruments, put bonds, and other obligations that have a specified maturity date but also are
payable before maturity after notice by the holder. There are, in addition, a variety of hybrid
and special types of municipal obligations as well as numerous differences in the security of
municipal obligations both within and between the two principal classifications (i.e., notes and
bonds). The Fund may also invest in credit default swaps on municipal securities. See Swap
Contracts and Other Two-Party ContractsSwap Contracts above.
See Taxes below for a discussion of the tax treatment of municipal obligations at the Fund and
shareholder level.
Real Estate Investment Trusts and other Real Estate-Related Investments
The Fund may invest in pooled real estate investment vehicles (so-called real estate investment
trusts or REITs) and other real estate-related investments such as securities of companies
principally engaged in the real estate industry. In addition to REITs, companies in the real
estate industry and real estate-related investments may include, for example, entities that either
own properties or make construction or mortgage loans, real estate developers, and companies with
substantial real estate holdings. Each of these types of investments is subject to risks similar
to those associated with direct ownership of real estate. Factors affecting real estate values
include the supply of real property in particular markets, changes in zoning laws, delays in
completion of construction, changes in real estate values, changes in property taxes, levels of
occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating expenses, and local and regional market conditions.
The
29
value of real-estate related investments also may be affected by changes in interest rates,
macroeconomic developments, and social and economic trends.
REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest in real estate or real estate-related companies.
The Fund may invest in different types of REITs, including equity REITs, which own real estate
directly; mortgage REITs, which make construction, development, or long-term mortgage loans; and
hybrid REITs, which share characteristics of equity REITs and mortgage REITs. In general, the
value of a REITs shares changes in light of factors affecting the real estate industry. REITs are
also subject to the risk of fluctuations in income from underlying real estate assets, poor
performance by the REITs manager and inability to manage cash flows generated by the REITs
assets, defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, adverse changes in the tax laws, and, with regard
to U.S. REITs (as defined in Taxes below), the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free
pass-through of income under the Code and/or to maintain exempt status under the 1940 Act. See
Taxes below for a discussion of special tax considerations relating to the Funds investment in
U.S. REITs.
By investing in REITs indirectly through a Fund, investors will bear not only their proportionate
share of the expenses of the fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of REITs. In addition,
REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to investors.
Investments in REITs are subject to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate.
Asset-Backed and Related Securities
An asset-backed security is a fixed income security that predominantly derives its creditworthiness
from cash flows relating to a pool of assets. There are a number of different types of
asset-backed and related securities, including mortgage-backed securities, securities backed by
other pools of collateral (such as automobile loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and
credit- card receivables), collateralized mortgage obligations, and collateralized debt
obligations, each of which is described in more detail below.
Mortgage-Backed Securities.
Mortgage-backed securities are asset-backed securities backed by
pools of residential and commercial mortgages, which may include sub-prime mortgages.
Mortgage-backed securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government
(including those whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government, such
as Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and FHLBs), foreign governments (or their agencies or
instrumentalities), or non-governmental issuers. Interest and principal payments (including
prepayments) on the mortgage loans underlying mortgage-backed securities pass through to the
holders of the mortgage-backed securities. Prepayments occur when the mortgagor on an individual
mortgage loan prepays the remaining principal before the loans scheduled maturity date.
Unscheduled prepayments of the underlying mortgage loans may result in early payment of the
applicable mortgage-backed securities held by a Fund. The Fund may be unable to invest prepayments
in an investment that provides as high a yield as the mortgage-backed securities. Consequently,
early payment associated with mortgage-backed securities may cause these securities to experience
significantly greater price and yield volatility than traditional fixed income securities. Many
factors affect the rate of mortgage loan prepayments, including changes in interest rates, general
economic conditions, further deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions, the
location of the property underlying the mortgage, the age
30
of the mortgage loan, governmental action, including legal impairment of underlying home loans,
changes in demand for products financed by those loans, the inability of borrowers to refinance
existing loans (e.g., sub-prime mortgages), and social and demographic conditions. During periods
of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage loan prepayments usually increases, which tends to
decrease the life of mortgage-backed securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the rate
of mortgage loan prepayments usually decreases, which tends to increase the life of mortgage-backed
securities.
Mortgage-backed securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, depending on whether they
are issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those whose
securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government) or by non-governmental
issuers. Securities issued by private organizations may not be readily marketable, and since the
deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008,
mortgage-backed securities have been subject to greater liquidity risk. Although conditions have
improved, there can be no assurance these conditions will not occur again or that they will not
deteriorate further in the future. Also, government actions and proposals affecting the terms of
underlying home loans, changes in demand for products (e.g., automobiles) financed by those loans,
and the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans (e.g., subprime mortgages), have had,
and may continue to have, adverse valuation and liquidity effects on mortgage-backed securities.
Although liquidity of mortgage-backed securities has improved recently, there can be no assurance
that in the future the market for mortgage-backed securities will continue to improve and become
more liquid. In addition, mortgage-backed securities are subject to the risk of loss of principal
if the obligors of the underlying obligations default in their payment obligations, and to certain
other risks described in Other Asset-Backed Securities below. The risk of defaults associated
with mortgage-backed securities is generally higher in the case of mortgage-backed investments that
include sub-prime mortgages.
Mortgage-backed securities may include Adjustable Rate Securities as such term is defined in
Adjustable Rate Securities below.
Other Asset-Backed Securities.
Similar to mortgage-backed securities, other types of asset-backed
securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those
whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government), foreign governments
(or their agencies or instrumentalities), or non-governmental issuers. These securities include
securities backed by pools of automobile loans, educational loans, home equity loans, and
credit-card receivables. The underlying pools of assets are securitized through the use of trusts
and special purpose entities. These securities may be subject to risks associated with changes in
interest rates and prepayment of underlying obligations similar to the risks of investment in
mortgage-backed securities described immediately above. Additionally, since the deterioration of
worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008, asset-backed securities have
been subject to greater liquidity risk. Although conditions have improved, there can be no
assurance these conditions will not occur again or that they will not deteriorate further in the
future. Also, government actions and proposals affecting the terms of underlying home and consumer
loans, changes in demand for products (e.g., automobiles) financed by those loans, and the
inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans (e.g., subprime mortgages), have had, and may
continue to have, adverse valuation and liquidity effects on asset-backed securities. Although
liquidity of asset-backed securities has improved recently, there can
31
be no assurance that in the future the market for asset-backed securities will continue to improve
and become more liquid. The risk of investing in asset-backed securities has increased because
performance of the various sectors in which the assets underlying asset-backed securities are
concentrated (e.g., auto loans, student loans, sub-prime mortgages, and credit card receivables)
has become more highly correlated since the deterioration in worldwide economic and liquidity
conditions referred to above.
Payment of interest on asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depends on the
cash flows generated by the underlying assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, may be
supported by letters of credit, surety bonds, or other credit enhancements. The amount of market
risk associated with asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including the deal structure
(i.e., determination as to the amount of underlying assets or other support needed to produce the
cash flows necessary to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of the
underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit
quality of the credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of
principal if obligors of the underlying obligations default in payment of the obligations and the
defaulted obligations exceed the securities credit support. The obligations of issuers (and
obligors of underlying assets) also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting
the rights and remedies of creditors.
The value of an asset-backed security may be affected by the factors described above and other
factors, such as the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the
creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the underlying assets, or
the entities providing the credit enhancement. The value of asset-backed securities also can
depend on the ability of their servicers to service the underlying collateral and is, therefore,
subject to risks associated with servicers performance. In some circumstances, a servicers or
originators mishandling of documentation related to the underlying collateral (e.g., failure to
properly document a security interest in the underlying collateral) may affect the rights of the
security holders in and to the underlying collateral. In addition, the insolvency of entities that
generate receivables or that utilize the underlying assets may result in a decline in the value of
the underlying assets as well as costs and delays.
Certain types of asset-backed securities present additional risks that are not presented by
mortgage-backed securities. In particular, certain types of asset-backed securities may not have
the benefit of a security interest in the related assets. For example, many securities backed by
credit-card receivables are unsecured. In addition, a Fund may invest in securities backed by
pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans made to corporations, or a combination of these
bonds and loans, many of which may be unsecured (commonly referred to as collateralized debt
obligations or collateralized loan obligations ) (see Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs)
below). Even when security interests are present, the ability of an issuer of certain types of
asset-backed securities to enforce those interests may be more limited than that of an issuer of
mortgage-backed securities. For instance, automobile receivables generally are secured, but by
automobiles rather than by real property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit loan
servicers to retain possession of the underlying assets. In addition, because of the large number
of underlying vehicles involved in a typical issue of asset-backed securities and technical
requirements under state law, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not
have a proper security interest in all of the automobiles.
32
Therefore, recoveries on repossessed automobiles may not be available to support payments on these
securities.
In addition, certain types of asset-backed securities may experience losses on the underlying
assets as a result of certain rights provided to consumer debtors under federal and state law. In
the case of certain consumer debt, such as credit-card debt, debtors are entitled to the protection
of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to
set off certain amounts owed on their credit-cards (or other debt), thereby reducing their balances
due. For instance, a debtor may be able to offset certain damages for which a court has determined
that the creditor is liable to the debtor against amounts owed to the creditor by the debtor on his
or her credit-card.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs); Strips and Residuals.
A CMO is a debt obligation
backed by a portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-backed securities held under an indenture. The
issuer of a CMO generally pays interest and prepaid principal on a monthly basis. These payments
are secured by the underlying portfolio, which typically includes mortgage pass-through securities
guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie
Mae) and their income streams, and which also may include whole mortgage loans and private
mortgage bonds.
CMOs are issued in multiple classes, often referred to as tranches. Each class has a different
maturity and is entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including
pre-payments.
In a typical CMO transaction, the issuer of the CMO bonds uses proceeds from the CMO offering to
buy mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (the Collateral). The issuer then pledges
the Collateral to a third party trustee as security for the CMOs. The issuer uses principal and
interest payments from the Collateral to pay principal on the CMOs, paying the tranche with the
earliest maturity first. Thus, the issuer pays no principal on a tranche until all other tranches
with earlier maturities are paid in full. The early retirement of a particular class or series has
the same effect as the prepayment of mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-backed pass-through
security.
CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or
other asset-backed securities.
The Funds also may invest in CMO residuals, which are issued by agencies or instrumentalities of
the U.S. government or by private lenders of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings
and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, and investment banks. A CMO
residual represents excess cash flow generated by the Collateral after the issuer of the CMO makes
all required principal and interest payments and after the issuers management fees and
administrative expenses have been paid. Thus, CMO residuals have value only to the extent income
from the Collateral exceeds the amount necessary to satisfy the issuers debt obligations on all
other outstanding CMOs. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on,
among other things, the characterization of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of
CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses, and the pre-payment
experience on the mortgage assets.
33
CMOs also include certificates representing undivided interests in payments of interest-only or
principal-only (IO/PO Strips) on the underlying mortgages.
IO/PO Strips and CMO residuals tend to be more volatile than other types of securities. If the
underlying securities are prepaid, holders of IO/PO Strips and CMO residuals may lose a substantial
portion or the entire value of their investment. In addition, if a CMO pays interest at an
adjustable rate, the cash flows on the related CMO residual will be extremely sensitive to rate
adjustments.
Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs).
The Fund may invest in CDOs, which include
collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), and other
similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are asset-backed securities. A CBO is an
obligation of a trust or other special purpose vehicle backed by a pool of fixed income securities.
A CLO is an obligation of a trust or other special purpose vehicle typically collateralized by a
pool of loans, which may include domestic and foreign senior secured and unsecured loans, and
subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment-grade, or
equivalent unrated loans.
For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called
tranches, which vary in risk and yield. The riskier portions are the residual, equity, and
subordinate tranches, which bear some or all of the risk of default by the bonds or loans in the
trust, and therefore protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most
severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO
trust or CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities,
and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the riskier tranches, senior CBO or
CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults (including collateral
default), the total loss of the riskier tranches due to losses in the collateral, market
anticipation of defaults, fraud by the trust, and the illiquidity of CBO or CLO securities.
The risks of an investment in a CDO largely depend on the type of underlying collateral securities
and the tranche in which a Fund invests. The Fund may invest in any tranche of a CBO or CLO.
Typically, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered
under the securities laws. As a result, the Fund may characterize its investments in CDOs as
illiquid, unless an active dealer market for a particular CDO allows the CDO to be purchased and
sold in Rule 144A transactions. CDOs are subject to the typical risks associated with debt
instruments discussed elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information and the Private
Placement Memorandum, including interest rate risk (which may be exacerbated if the interest rate
payable on a structured financing changes based on multiples of changes in interest rates or
inversely to changes in interest rates),default risk, prepayment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk,
market risk, structural risk, and legal risk Additional risks of CDOs include: (i) the possibility
that distributions from collateral securities will be insufficient to make interest or other
payments, (ii) the possibility that the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default,
due to factors such as the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments
and recoveries on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans or other assets that
are being securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy
of and ability to realize upon any related collateral and the capability of the servicer of the
securitized assets, (iii) market and liquidity risks affecting the price of a structured finance
34
investment, if required to be sold, at the time of sale, and (iv) if the particular structured
product is invested in a security in which a Fund is also invested, this would tend to increase the
Funds overall exposure to the credit of the issuer of such securities, at least on an absolute, if
not on a relative basis. In addition, due to the complex nature of a CDO, an investment in a CDO
may not perform as expected. An investment in a CDO also is subject to the risk that the issuer
and the investors may interpret the terms of the instrument differently, giving rise to disputes.
Adjustable Rate Securities
Adjustable rate securities are securities that have interest rates that reset at periodic
intervals, usually by reference to an interest rate index or market interest rate. Adjustable rate
securities include U.S. government securities and securities of other issuers. Some adjustable
rate securities are backed by pools of mortgage loans. Although the rate adjustment feature may
act as a buffer to reduce sharp changes in the value of adjustable rate securities, changes in
market interest rates or changes in the issuers creditworthiness may still affect their value.
Because the interest rate is reset only periodically, changes in the interest rates on adjustable
rate securities may lag changes in prevailing market interest rates. Also, some adjustable rate
securities (or, in the case of securities backed by mortgage loans, the underlying mortgages) are
subject to caps or floors that limit the maximum change in interest rate during a specified period
or over the life of the security. Because of the rate adjustments, adjustable rate securities are
less likely than non-adjustable rate securities of comparable quality and maturity to increase
significantly in value when market interest rates fall.
Below Investment Grade Securities
The Fund may invest some or all of its assets in securities or instruments rated below investment
grade (that is, rated below Baa3/P-2 by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or below
BBB-/A-2 by Standard & Poors (S&P) for a particular security/commercial paper, or securities
unrated by Moodys or S&P that are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality to
securities so rated) at the time of purchase, including securities in the lowest rating categories
and comparable unrated securities (Below Investment Grade Securities) (commonly referred to as
junk bonds). In addition, the Fund may hold securities that are downgraded to
below-investment-grade status after the time of purchase by the Fund. Many issuers of high yield
debt are highly leveraged, and their relatively high debt-to-equity ratios create increased risks
that their operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations.
In addition, many issuers of high yield debt may be (i) in poor financial condition, (ii)
experiencing poor operating results, (iii) having substantial capital needs or negative net worth
or (iv) facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, and may include companies
involved in bankruptcy or other reorganizations or liquidation proceedings. Compared to higher
quality fixed income securities, Below Investment Grade Securities offer the potential for higher
investment returns but subject holders to greater credit and market risk. The ability of an issuer
of Below Investment Grade Securities to meet principal and interest payments is considered
speculative. The Funds investments in Below Investment Grade Securities are more dependent on the
Managers own credit analysis than its investments in higher quality bonds. Certain of these
securities may not be publicly traded, and therefore it may be difficult to obtain information as
to the true condition of the issuers. The market for Below Investment Grade Securities may be more
severely affected than other financial markets by economic
35
recession or substantial interest rate increases, changing public perceptions, or legislation that
limits the ability of certain categories of financial institutions to invest in Below Investment
Grade Securities. In addition, the market may be less liquid for Below Investment Grade Securities
than for other types of securities. Reduced liquidity can affect the values of Below Investment
Grade Securities, make their valuation and sale more difficult, and result in greater volatility.
Because Below Investment Grade Securities are difficult to value, particularly during erratic
markets, the values realized on their sale may differ from the values at which they are carried by
a Fund. Some Below Investment Grade Securities in which the Fund invests may be in poor standing
or in default.
Securities in the lowest investment-grade category (BBB or Baa) also have some speculative
characteristics. See Appendix BCommercial Paper and Corporate Debt Ratings for more
information concerning commercial paper and corporate debt ratings.
Distressed or Defaulted Instruments
The Fund may invest in securities, claims, and obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers which are
experiencing significant financial or business difficulties (including companies involved in
bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings). The Fund may purchase distressed
securities and instruments of all kinds, subject to tax considerations, including equity and debt
instruments and, in particular, loans, loan participations, claims held by trade or other
creditors, bonds, notes, non-performing and sub-performing mortgage loans, beneficial interests in
liquidating trusts or other similar types of trusts, fee interests and financial interests in real
estate, partnership interests and similar financial instruments, executory contracts and
participations therein, many of which are not publicly traded and which may involve a substantial
degree of risk.
Investments in distressed or defaulted instruments generally are considered speculative and may
involve substantial risks not normally associated with investments in healthier companies,
including adverse business, financial or economic conditions that can lead to defaulted payments
and insolvency proceedings.
In particular, defaulted obligations might be repaid, if at all, only after lengthy workout or
bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments. The
amount of any recovery may be adversely affected by the relative priority of the Funds investment
in the issuers capital structure. The ability to enforce obligations may be adversely affected by
actions or omissions of predecessors in interest that give rise to counterclaims or defenses,
including causes of action for equitable subordination or debt recharacterization. In addition,
such investments, collateral securing such investments, and payments made in respect of such
investments may be challenged as fraudulent conveyances or to be subject to avoidance as
preferences under certain circumstances.
Investments in distressed securities inherently have more credit risk than do investments in
similar securities and instruments of non-distressed companies, and the degree of risk associated
with any particular distressed securities may be difficult or impossible for the Manager to
determine within reasonable standards of predictability. The level of analytical sophistication,
36
both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in distressed securities is unusually
high.
If the Managers evaluation of the eventual recovery value of a defaulted instrument should prove
incorrect, a Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its investment or it may be required to
accept cash or instruments with a value less than the Funds original investment.
Investments in financially distressed companies domiciled outside the United States involve
additional risks. Bankruptcy law and creditor reorganization processes may differ substantially
from those in the United States, resulting in greater uncertainty as to the rights of creditors,
the enforceability of such rights, reorganization timing and the classification, seniority and
treatment of claims. In certain developing countries, although bankruptcy laws have been enacted,
the process for reorganization remains highly uncertain.
Merger Arbitrage Transactions
The Fund may engage in merger arbitrage transactions, where a Fund will purchase securities at
prices below the Managers anticipated value of the cash, securities or other consideration to be
paid or exchanged for such securities in a proposed merger, exchange offer, tender offer or other
similar transaction. Such purchase price may be substantially in excess of the market price of the
securities prior to the announcement of the merger, exchange offer, tender offer or other similar
transaction. If the proposed merger, exchange offer, tender offer or other similar transaction
later appears likely not to be consummated or in fact is not consummated or is delayed, the market
price of the security purchased by the Fund may decline sharply and result in losses to the Fund if
such securities are sold, transferred or exchanged for securities or cash, the value of which is
less than the purchase price. There is typically asymmetry in the risk/reward payout of mergers
the losses that can occur in the event of deal break-ups can far exceed the gains to be had if
deals close successfully. For instance, mark-to-market losses can occur intra-month even if a
particular deal is not breaking-up and such losses may or may not be recouped upon successful
consummation of such deal. Further, the consummation of mergers, tender offers and exchange offers
can be prevented or delayed by a variety of factors, including: (i) regulatory and antitrust
restrictions; (ii) political motivations; (iii) industry weakness; (iv) stock specific events; (v)
failed financings and (vi) general market declines. Also, in certain transactions, the Fund may
not hedge against market fluctuations. This can result in losses even if the proposed transaction
is consummated. In addition, a security to be issued in a merger or exchange offer may be sold
short by a Fund in the expectation that the short position will be covered by delivery of such
security when issued. If the merger or exchange offer is not consummated, the Fund may be forced
to cover its short position at a higher price than its short sale price, resulting in a loss.
Merger arbitrage strategies also depend for success on the overall volume of merger activity, which
has historically been cyclical in nature. During periods when merger activity is low, it may be
difficult or impossible to identify opportunities for profit or to identify a sufficient number of
such opportunities to provide diversification among potential merger transactions.
Merger arbitrage strategies are also subject to the risk of overall market movements. To the
extent that a general increase or decline in equity values affects the stocks involved in a merger
37
arbitrage
position differently, the position may be exposed to loss. At any given time, arbitrageurs can become improperly hedged by accident or in an effort to maximize risk-adjusted
returns. This can lead to inadvertent market-related losses.
Brady Bonds
Brady Bonds are securities created through the restructuring of commercial bank loans to public and
private entities under a debt restructuring plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the
Treasury Nicholas F. Brady (the Brady Plan). Brady Plan debt restructurings have been
implemented in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Argentina, Nigeria, the Philippines, and
other emerging countries.
Brady Bonds may be collateralized, are issued in various currencies (but primarily the U.S.
dollar), and are actively traded in OTC secondary markets. U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized
Brady Bonds, which may be fixed-rate bonds or floating-rate bonds, are generally collateralized in
full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the bonds.
The valuation of a Brady Bond typically depends on an evaluation of: (i) any collateralized
repayments of principal at final maturity; (ii) any collateralized interest payments; (iii) the
uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayments of principal at
maturity (the uncollateralized amounts constitute the residual risk). In light of the residual
risk of Brady Bonds and the history of prior defaults by the issuers of Brady Bonds, investments in
Brady Bonds may be viewed as speculative.
Euro Bonds
Euro bonds are securities denominated in U.S. dollars or another currency and sold to investors
outside of the country whose currency is used. Euro bonds may be issued by government or corporate
issuers, and are typically underwritten by banks and brokerage firms in numerous countries. While
Euro bonds often pay principal and interest in Eurodollars (i.e., U.S. dollars held in banks
outside of the United States), some Euro bonds may pay principal and interest in other currencies.
Euro bonds are subject to the same risks as other fixed income securities. See Debt and Other
Fixed Income Securities Generally above.
Zero Coupon Securities
To the extent the Fund is investing in zero coupon fixed income securities, it accrues interest
income at a fixed rate based on initial purchase price and length to maturity, but the securities
do not pay interest in cash on a current basis. The Fund is required to distribute the accrued
income to its shareholders, even though the Fund is not receiving the income in cash on a current
basis. Thus, the Fund may have to sell other investments to obtain cash to make income
distributions (including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so). The market value of
zero coupon securities is often more volatile than that of non-zero coupon fixed income securities
of comparable quality and maturity. Zero coupon securities include IO/PO Strips and STRIPS.
38
Indexed Investments
The Fund may invest in various transactions and instruments that are designed to track the
performance of an index (including, but not limited to, securities indices and credit default
indices). Indexed securities are securities the redemption values and/or coupons of which are
indexed to a specific instrument, group of instruments, index, or other statistic. Indexed
securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or
coupon rate is determined by reference to other securities, securities or inflation indices,
currencies, precious metals or other commodities, or other financial indicators. For example, the
maturity value of gold-indexed securities depends on the price of gold and, therefore, their price
tends to rise and fall with gold prices.
While investments that track the performance of an index may increase the number, and thus the
diversity, of the underlying assets to which the Fund is exposed, such investments are subject to
many of the same risks of investing in the underlying assets that comprise the index discussed
elsewhere in this section, as well as certain additional risks that are not typically associated
with investments in such underlying assets. An investment that is designed to track the
performance of an index may not replicate and maintain exactly the same composition and relative
weightings of the assets in the index. Additionally, the liquidity of the market for such
investments may be subject to the same conditions affecting liquidity in the underlying assets and
markets and could be relatively less liquid in certain circumstances. The performance of indexed
securities depends on the performance of the security, security index, inflation index, currency,
or other instrument to which they are indexed. Interest rate changes in the U.S. and abroad also
may influence performance. Indexed securities also are subject to the credit risks of the issuer,
and their values are adversely affected by declines in the issuers creditworthiness.
The Funds investments in certain indexed securities, including inflation indexed bonds, may
require the Fund to accrue income in excess of the cash interest the securities currently pay to
the Fund (e.g., due to increases in the principal amount of a bond). The Fund is required to
distribute any such accrued income to its shareholders, even though the Fund is not receiving the
income in cash on a current basis. Thus, the Fund may have to sell other investments to obtain
cash to make income distributions to shareholders (including at a time when it may not be
advantageous to do so). See Distributions and Taxes in the Private Placement Memorandum and
Distributions and Taxes in this Statement of Additional Information.
Currency-Indexed Securities.
Currency-indexed securities have maturity values or interest rates
determined by reference to the values of one or more foreign currencies. Currency-indexed
securities also may have maturity values or interest rates that depend on the values of a number of
different foreign currencies relative to each other.
Inverse Floating Obligations.
Indexed securities in which the Fund may invest include so-called
inverse floating obligations or residual interest bonds on which the interest rates typically
decline as the index or reference rates, typically short-term interest rates, increase and increase
as index or reference rates decline. An inverse floating obligation may have the effect of
investment leverage to the extent that its interest rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the
magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest. Generally, leverage will
result in greater price volatility.
39
Inflation Indexed Bonds.
The Fund may invest in inflation indexed bonds. The Fund may also invest
in futures contracts on inflation indexed bonds. See Options and FuturesInflation Linked
Futures above for a discussion of inflation linked futures. Inflation indexed bonds are fixed
income securities whose principal value is adjusted periodically according to the rate of
inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure
that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI
accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.
Inflation indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury (or TIPS) have maturities of
approximately five, ten or twenty years (thirty year TIPS are no longer offered), although it is
possible that securities that have other maturities will be issued in the future. U.S. Treasury
securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the
inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if a Fund purchased an inflation indexed bond
with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and
the rate of inflation over the first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be
$1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If
inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole years inflation equaling 3%,
the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment
would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).
If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation indexed
bonds will be adjusted downward and, consequently, the interest payable on these securities
(calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original
bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of a TIPS, even
during a period of deflation, although the inflation-adjusted principal received could be less than
the inflation-adjusted principal that had accrued to the bond at the time of purchase. However,
the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. The Fund also may
invest in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a
guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity
may be less than the original principal.
The value of inflation indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest
rates. Real interest rates, in turn, are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates
(i.e., stated interest rates) and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises
at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates (i.e. nominal interest rate minus
inflation) might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation indexed bonds. In contrast,
if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise,
leading to a decrease in value of inflation indexed bonds. There can be no assurance, however,
that the value of inflation indexed bonds will be directly correlated to changes in nominal
interest rates, and short term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in their value.
Although inflation indexed bonds protect their holders from long-term inflationary trends,
short-term increases in inflation may result in a decline in value. In addition, inflation indexed
bonds do not protect holders from increases in interest rates due to reasons other than inflation
(such as changes in currency exchange rates).
40
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The
CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing,
food, transportation, and energy. Inflation indexed bonds issued by a foreign government are
generally adjusted to reflect changes in a comparable inflation index calculated by the foreign
government. No assurance can be given that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will
accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. In addition, no
assurance can be given that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will correlate to the rate
of inflation in the United States.
Coupon payments received by a Fund from inflation indexed bonds are included in the Funds gross
income for the period in which they accrue. In addition, any increase in the principal amount of
an inflation indexed bond constitutes taxable ordinary income to investors in the Fund, even though
principal is not paid until maturity.
Structured Notes
Similar to indexed securities, structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate
or principal of which is determined by reference to changes in the value of a specific asset,
reference rate, or index (the reference) or the relative change in two or more references. The
interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may increase or decrease,
depending upon changes in the reference. The terms of a structured note may provide that, in
certain circumstances, no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, may result in a loss of
invested capital. Structured notes may be indexed positively or negatively, so that appreciation
of the reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the principal
at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rate or the value of the principal at maturity
may be fixed at a specified multiple of the change in the value of the reference, making the value
of the note particularly volatile.
Structured notes may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities
because the investor bears the risk of the reference. Structured notes also may be more volatile,
less liquid, and more difficult to price accurately than less complex securities or more
traditional debt securities.
Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities
The Fund may enter into firm commitments and similar agreements with banks or broker-dealers for
the purchase or sale of securities at an agreed-upon price on a specified future date. For
example, if the Fund invests in fixed-income securities it may enter into a firm commitment
agreement if the Manager anticipates a decline in interest rates and believes it is able to obtain
a more advantageous future yield by committing currently to purchase securities to be issued later.
When the Fund purchases securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, it is required to
maintain cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid securities in an amount equal to or
greater than, on a daily basis, the amount of the Funds when-issued or delayed-delivery
commitments. The Fund generally does not earn income on the securities it has committed to
purchase until after delivery. The Fund may take delivery of the securities or, if deemed advisable
as a matter of investment strategy, may sell the securities before the settlement date.
41
When payment is due on when-issued or delayed-delivery securities, the Fund makes payment from
then-available cash flow or the sale of securities, or from the sale of the when-issued or
delayed-delivery securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than what the Fund
paid for them).
Loans (Including Bank Loans), Loan Participations, and Assignments
The Fund may invest in direct debt instruments, which are interests in amounts owed by a corporate,
governmental, or other borrower to lenders or lending syndicates (loans, including bank loans,
promissory notes, and loan participations), to suppliers of goods or services (trade claims or
other receivables), or to other parties. Investments in direct debt instruments are subject to the
Funds policies regarding the quality of debt investments generally. Such instruments may include
term loans and revolving loans, may pay interest at a fixed or floating rate and may be senior or
subordinated. The Fund may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of sale or
assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation).
Purchases of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness, including promissory notes, depend
primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of principal and interest, and
adverse changes in the creditworthiness of the borrower may affect its ability to pay principal and
interest. Direct debt instruments may not be rated by any rating agency. In the event of
non-payment of interest or principal, loans that are secured offer the Fund more protection than
comparable unsecured loans. However, no assurance can be given that the collateral for a secured
loan can be liquidated or that the proceeds will satisfy the borrowers obligation. Investment in
the indebtedness of borrowers with low creditworthiness involves substantially greater risks, and
may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off
their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Investments in sovereign
debt similarly involve the risk that the governmental entities responsible for repayment of the
debt may be unable or unwilling to pay interest and repay principal when due. The bank loans
acquired by the Fund may be below investment-grade.
When investing in a loan participation, the Fund typically purchases participation interests in a
portion of a lenders or participants interest in a loan but has no direct contractual
relationship with the borrower. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation
typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the
interest, not with the borrower. The Fund must rely on the seller of the participation interest
not only for the enforcement of the Funds rights against the borrower but also for the receipt and
processing of principal, interest, or other payments due under the loan. This may subject the Fund
to greater delays, expenses, and risks than if the Fund could enforce its rights directly against
the borrower. In addition, the Fund generally will have no rights of set-off against the borrower,
and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which
it has purchased the participation. A participation agreement also may limit the rights of the
Fund to vote on changes that may be made to the underlying loan agreement, such as waiving a breach
of a covenant. In addition, under the terms of a participation agreement, the Fund may be treated
as a creditor of the seller of the participation interest (rather than of the borrower), thus
exposing the Fund to the credit risk of the seller in addition to the credit risk of the borrower.
Additional risks include inadequate perfection of a loans security interest, the possible
invalidation or
42
compromise of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance or preference under relevant
creditors rights laws, the validity and seniority of bank claims and guarantees, environmental
liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations, and adverse
consequences resulting from participating in such instruments through other institutions with lower
credit quality.
Bank loans and participation interests may not be readily marketable and may be subject to
restrictions on resale. There can be no assurance that future levels of supply and demand in loan
or loan participation trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity and no assurance that
the market will not experience periods of significant illiquidity in the future.
Investments in loans through direct assignment of a lenders interests may involve additional risks
to the Fund. For example, if a secured loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any
collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the
collateral. In addition, under legal theories of lender liability, the Fund potentially might be
held liable as a co-lender.
A loan is often administered by a bank or other financial institution that acts as agent for all
holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. Unless,
under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness a Fund has direct recourse against the borrower,
it may have to rely on the agent to enforce its rights against the borrower.
The Manager may, with respect to its management of investments in certain loans for the Fund, seek
to remain flexible to purchase and sell other securities in the borrowers capital structure, by
remaining public. In such cases, the Manager will seek to avoid receiving material, non-public
information about the borrowers to which the Fund may lend (through assignments, participations or
otherwise). The Managers decision not to use material, non-public information about borrowers may
place the Manager at an information disadvantage relative to other lenders. Also, in instances
where lenders are asked to grant amendments, waivers or consents in favor of the borrower, the
Managers ability to assess the significance of the amendment, waiver or consent or its
desirability from the Funds point of view may be materially and adversely affected.
When the Managers personnel do come into possession of material, non-public information about the
issuers of loans that may be held by the Fund or other accounts managed by the Manager (either
intentionally or inadvertently), the Managers ability to trade in other securities of the issuers
of these loans for the account of the Manager will be limited pursuant to applicable securities
laws. Such limitations on the Managers ability to trade could have an adverse affect on the Fund.
In many instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial period of
time.
Direct indebtedness purchased by the Fund may include letters of credit, revolving credit
facilities, or other standby financing commitments obligating the Fund to pay additional cash on
demand. These commitments may have the effect of requiring the Fund to increase its investment in
a borrower at a time when it would not otherwise have done so. The Fund is
43
required to maintain liquid assets to cover the Funds potential obligations under standby
financing commitments.
Trade Claims.
The Fund may purchase trade claims against companies, including companies in
bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. Trade claims generally include claims of suppliers for
goods delivered and not paid, claims for unpaid services rendered, claims for contract rejection
damages and claims related to litigation. An investment in trade claims is very speculative and
carries a high degree of risk. Trade claims are illiquid instruments which generally do not pay
interest and there can be no guarantee that the debtor will ever be able to satisfy the obligation
on the trade claim. Additionally, there can be restrictions on the purchase, sale, and/or
transferability of trade claims during all or part of a bankruptcy proceeding. The markets in
trade claims are not regulated by U.S. federal securities laws or the SEC.
Trade claims are typically unsecured and may be subordinated to other unsecured obligations of a
debtor, and generally are subject to defenses of the debtor with respect to the underlying
transaction giving rise to the trade claim. Although the Manager endeavors to protect against such
risks in connection with the evaluation and purchase of claims, trade claims are subject to risks
not generally associated with standardized securities and instruments due to the idiosyncratic
nature of the claims purchased. These risks include the risk that the debtor may contest the
allowance of the claim due to disputes the debtor has with the original claimant or the inequitable
conduct of the original claimant, or due to administrative errors in connection with the transfer
of the claim. Recovery on allowed trade claims may also be impaired if the anticipated dividend
payable on unsecured claims in the bankruptcy is not realized or if the timing of the bankruptcy
distribution is delayed. As a result of the foregoing factors, trade claims are also subject to
the risk that if a Fund does receive payment, it may be in an amount less than what the Fund paid
for or otherwise expects to receive in respect of the claim.
In addition, because they are not negotiable instruments, trade claims are typically less liquid
than negotiable instruments. Given these factors, trade claims often trade at a discount to other
pari passu instruments.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements with banks and
brokers to enhance return. Reverse repurchase agreements involve sales by the Fund of portfolio
securities concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the same securities at a later
date at a fixed price. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to
receive principal and interest payments on the securities and also has the opportunity to earn a
return on the collateral furnished by the counterparty to secure its obligation to redeliver the
securities.
Dollar rolls are transactions in which the Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month
and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities
on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund foregoes principal and interest paid
on the securities. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and
the forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the drop) as well as by the
interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
44
If the Fund enters into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements, it will maintain
cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to its obligations under
those agreements. If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll agreement files
for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Funds use of proceeds from the sale of its securities may
be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines whether to honor the
Funds right to repurchase the securities. Furthermore, in that situation the Fund may be unable
to recover the securities it sold in connection with a reverse repurchase agreement and as a result
would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it
received for them. This loss would be greater to the extent the buyer paid less than the value of
the securities the Fund sold to it (e.g., a buyer may only be willing to pay $95 for a bond with a
market value of $100). Additionally, reverse repurchase agreements entail the same risks as
over-the-counter derivatives. These include the risk that the counterparty to the reverse
repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill its obligations, as discussed above, that the
parties may disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument
may not perform as expected. See Description of Principal RisksDerivatives Risk and
Counterparty Risk in the Private Placement Memorandum. Reverse repurchase agreements and
dollar rolls are not considered borrowings by the Fund for purposes of the Funds fundamental
investment restriction on borrowings.
Commodity-Related Investments (through GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund)
The Fund may gain exposure to commodity markets by investing in GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity
Fund, a series of the Trust, which is offered through a separate private placement memorandum. GMO
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund seeks indirect exposure to investment returns of commodities,
including a range of assets with tangible properties, such as oil, natural gas, agricultural
products (e.g., wheat, corn, and livestock), precious metals (e.g., gold and silver), industrial
metals (e.g., copper), and softs (e.g., cocoa, coffee, and sugar). GMO Alternative Asset
Opportunity Fund obtains such exposure by investing in shares of a wholly owned subsidiary company,
which, in turn, primarily invests in commodity-related derivatives (as defined below). GMO serves
as the investment manager to the subsidiary but does not receive any additional management or other
fees for such services.
Commodity prices can be extremely volatile and may be directly or indirectly affected by many
factors, including changes in overall market movements, real or perceived inflationary trends,
commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates, population growth
and changing demographics, and factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as
drought, floods, or other weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from
substitute products, transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand,
tariffs, and international regulatory, political, and economic developments (e.g., regime changes
and changes in economic activity levels). In addition, some commodities are subject to limited
pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors, and others are subject to broad price
fluctuations as a result of the volatility of prices for certain raw materials and the instability
of supplies of other materials.
Actions of and changes in governments, and political and economic instability, in
commodity-producing and -exporting countries may affect the production and marketing of
commodities. In
45
addition, commodity-related industries throughout the world are subject to greater political,
environmental, and other governmental regulation than many other industries. Changes in government
policies and the need for regulatory approvals may adversely affect the products and services of
companies in the commodities industries. For example, the exploration, development, and
distribution of coal, oil, and gas in the United States are subject to significant federal and
state regulation, which may affect rates of return on coal, oil, and gas and the kinds of services
that the federal and state governments may offer to companies in those industries. In addition,
compliance with environmental and other safety regulations has caused many companies in
commodity-related industries to incur production delays and significant costs. Government
regulation may also impede the development of new technologies. The effect of future regulations
affecting commodity-related industries cannot be predicted.
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund achieves indirect exposure to commodities through its wholly
owned subsidiary, which, in turn, invests in derivatives whose values are based on the value of a
commodity, commodity index, or other readily-measurable economic variables dependent upon changes
in the value of commodities or the commodities markets (commodity-related derivatives). The
value of commodity-related derivatives fluctuates based on changes in the values of the underlying
commodity, commodity index, futures contract, or other economic variable to which they are related.
Additionally, economic leverage will increase the volatility of these instruments as they may
increase or decrease in value more quickly than the underlying commodity or other relevant economic
variable.
The Fund should generally be entitled to treat all of the income that it realizes from GMO
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, including income from GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Funds
investment in its subsidiary, as qualifying income for purposes of qualifying as a regulated
investment company under the Code. There is a risk, however, that the IRS could determine that
some or all of the income derived from GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Funds investment in its
subsidiary should not be treated as qualifying income in the hands of the Fund, which might
adversely affect the Asset Allocation Funds ability to qualify as regulated investment companies.
See Taxes below.
Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited
Opportunities
The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. For this purpose,
illiquid securities are securities that the Fund may not sell or dispose of within seven days in
the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the
securities.
A repurchase agreement maturing in more than seven days is considered illiquid, unless it can be
terminated after a notice period of seven days or less.
The Manager also may deem certain securities to be illiquid as a result of the Managers receipt
from time to time of material, non-public information about an issuer, which may limit the
Managers ability to trade such securities for the account of any of its clients, including the
Fund. In some instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial
period of time.
46
Private Placements and Restricted Investments.
Illiquid securities include securities of private
issuers, securities traded in unregulated or shallow markets, securities issued by entities deemed
to be affiliates of the Fund, and securities that are purchased in private placements and are
subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Because relatively few purchasers of these
securities may exist, especially in the event of adverse economic and liquidity conditions or
adverse changes in the issuers financial condition, the Fund may not be able to initiate a
transaction or liquidate a position in such investments at a desirable price. Disposing of
illiquid securities may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them
promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible.
While private placements may offer attractive opportunities not otherwise available in the open
market, the securities purchased are usually restricted securities or are not readily
marketable. Restricted securities cannot be sold without being registered under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), unless they are sold pursuant to an exemption from
registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A). Securities that are not readily marketable are subject
to other legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The Fund may have to bear the expense of
registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting
registration. The Fund selling its securities in a registered offering may be deemed to be an
underwriter for purposes of Section 11 of the 1933 Act. In such event, the Fund may be liable to
purchasers of the securities under Section 11 if the registration statement prepared by the issuer,
or the prospectus forming a part of it, is materially inaccurate or misleading, although the Fund
may have a due diligence defense.
At times, the inability to sell illiquid securities can make it more difficult to determine their
fair value for purposes of computing the Funds net asset value. The judgment of the Manager
normally plays a greater role in valuing these securities than in valuing publicly traded
securities.
IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities
.
The Fund may purchase securities of companies that are
offered pursuant to an initial public offering (IPO) or other similar limited opportunities.
Although companies can be any age or size at the time of their IPO, they are often smaller and have
a limited operating history, which involves a greater potential for the value of their securities
to be impaired following the IPO. The price of a companys securities may be highly unstable at
the time of its IPO and for a period thereafter due to factors such as market psychology prevailing
at the time of the IPO, the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available,
and limited availability of investor information. Securities purchased in IPOs have a tendency to
fluctuate in value significantly shortly after the IPO relative to the price at which they were
purchased. These fluctuations could impact the net asset value and return earned on the Funds
shares. Investors in IPOs can be adversely affected by substantial dilution in the value of their
shares, by sales of additional shares, and by concentration of control in existing management and
principal shareholders. In addition, all of the factors that affect the performance of an economy
or equity markets may have a greater impact on the shares of IPO companies. IPO securities tend to
involve greater risk due, in part, to public perception and the lack of publicly available
information and trading history.
47
Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments
Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, the Fund intends to invest in shares of both open-
and closed-end investment companies (including other GMO Funds, money market funds, and
exchange-traded funds (ETFs)). Investing in another investment company exposes the Fund to all
the risks of that investment company and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the
other investment companys fees and expenses. The Fund also may invest in private investment
funds, vehicles, or structures.
ETFs are hybrid investment companies that are registered as open-end investment companies or unit
investment trusts (UITs) but possess some of the characteristics of closed-end funds. ETFs in
which the Fund may invest typically hold a portfolio of common stocks that is intended to track the
price and dividend performance of a particular index. The Fund may also invest in actively-managed
ETFs. Common examples of ETFs include S&P Depositary Receipts (SPDRs), Vanguard ETFs, and
iShares, which may be purchased from the UIT or investment company issuing the securities or in the
secondary market (SPDRs, Vanguard ETFs, and iShares are predominantly listed on the NYSE Arca).
The market price for ETF shares may be higher or lower than the ETFs net asset value. The sale
and redemption prices of ETF shares purchased from the issuer are based on the issuers net asset
value.
Because ETFs are investment companies, investments in ETFs would, absent exemptive relief, be
limited under applicable statutory limitations. Those limitations restrict the Funds investment
in the shares of an ETF or other investment company to up to 5% of the Funds assets (which may
represent no more than 3% of the securities of such ETF or other investment company) and limit
aggregate investments in all ETFs and other investment companies to 10% of the Funds assets.
Short Sales
The Fund may seek to hedge investments or realize additional gains through short sales. The Fund
may make short sales against the box, meaning the Fund may make short sales where the Fund owns,
or has the right to acquire at no added cost, securities or currencies identical to those sold
short. If the Fund makes a short sale against the box, the Fund will not immediately deliver the
securities or currencies sold and will not immediately receive the proceeds from the sale.
However, with respect to securities, the Fund is required to hold securities equivalent in kind and
amount to the securities sold short (or securities convertible or exchangeable into such
securities) while the short sale is outstanding. Once the Fund closes out its short position by
delivering the securities or currencies sold short, it will receive the proceeds of the sale. The
Fund will incur transaction costs, including interest, in connection with opening, maintaining, and
closing short sales against the box. There can be no assurance that the short positions that a
Fund holds will act as an effective hedge against its long positions. Any decrease in negative
correlation or increase in positive correlation between the positions the Manager anticipated would
be offsetting (such as short and long positions in securities or currencies held by the Fund) could
result in significant losses for the Fund.
48
Legal and Regulatory Risk
Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur during the term of the Fund that may adversely affect
the Fund. New (or revised) laws or regulations may be imposed by the CFTC, the SEC, the U.S.
Federal Reserve or other banking regulators, other governmental regulatory authorities or
self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets that could adversely affect the
Fund. In particular, these agencies are empowered to promulgate a variety of new rules pursuant to
recently enacted financial reform legislation in the United States. The Fund also may be adversely
affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by these
governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations. In addition, the securities
and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements.
The CFTC, the SEC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, other regulators and self-regulatory
organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market
emergencies. The regulation of derivatives transactions and funds that engage in such transactions
is an evolving area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action.
The U.S. government recently enacted legislation, which includes provisions for new regulation of
the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting and registration requirements.
Because the legislation leaves much to rule making, its ultimate impact remains unclear. The
regulatory changes could, among other things, restrict the Funds ability to engage in derivatives
transactions (including because certain types of derivatives transactions may no longer be
available to the Fund) and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions (including
through increased margin or capital requirements), and the Fund may be unable to execute its
investment strategy as a result. It is unclear how the regulatory changes will affect counterparty
risk.
The CFTC and certain futures exchanges have established limits, referred to as position limits,
on the maximum net long or net short positions which any person may hold or control in particular
options and futures contracts. All positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity,
even if in different accounts, may be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable
position limits have been exceeded. Thus, even if the Fund does not intend to exceed applicable
position limits, it is possible that different clients managed by the Manager and its affiliates
may be aggregated for this purpose. Although it is possible that the trading decisions of the
Manager may have to be modified and that positions held by the Fund may have to be liquidated in
order to avoid exceeding such limits, the Manager believes that this is unlikely. The modification
of investment decisions or the elimination of open positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect
the profitability of the Fund.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the past has adopted interim rules requiring
reporting of all short positions above a certain de minimis threshold and is expected to adopt
rules requiring monthly public disclosure in the future. In addition, other non-U.S. jurisdictions
where the Fund may trade have adopted reporting requirements. If the Funds short positions or its
strategy become generally known, it could have a significant effect on the Managers ability to
implement its investment strategy. In particular, it would make it more likely that other
investors could cause a short squeeze in the securities held short by a Fund
49
forcing the Fund to cover its positions at a loss. Such reporting requirements may also limit the
Managers ability to access management and other personnel at certain companies where the
Investment Adviser seeks to take a short position. In addition, if other investors engage in
copycat behavior by taking positions in the same issuers as the Fund, the cost of borrowing
securities to sell short could increase drastically and the availability of such securities to the
Fund could decrease drastically. Such events could make a Fund unable to execute its investment
strategy. In addition, the SEC recently proposed additional restrictions on short sales. If the
SEC were to adopt additional restrictions regarding short sales, they could restrict a Funds
ability to engage in short sales in certain circumstances, and the Fund may be unable to execute
its investment strategy as a result.
The SEC and regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions may adopt (and in certain cases, have
adopted) bans on short sales of certain securities in response to market events. Bans on short
selling may make it impossible for the Fund to execute certain investment strategies and may have a
material adverse effect on the Funds ability to generate returns.
Pending federal legislation would require the adoption of regulations that would require any
creditor that makes a loan and any securitizer of a loan to retain at least 5% of the credit risk
on any loan that is transferred, sold or conveyed by such creditor or securitizer. It is currently
unclear how these requirements would apply to loan participations, syndicated loans, and loan
assignments. Funds that invest in loans could be adversely affected by the regulation. The effect
of any future regulatory change on the Fund could be substantial and adverse.
Lack of Operating History
The Fund has no operating history. Therefore, there is no operating history to evaluate its future
performance. The past performance of other investment funds managed by the Manager cannot be
relied upon as an indicator of the Funds success, in part because of the unique nature of the
Funds investment strategy. An investor in the Fund must rely upon the ability of the Manager in
identifying and implementing investments. There can be no assurance that such personnel will be
successful in identifying and implementing investment opportunities for the Fund.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Restrictions:
The following are Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Fund, which may
not
be changed
without shareholder approval:
(1) The Fund may not borrow money except under the following circumstances: (i) The Fund may
borrow money from banks so long as after such a transaction, the total assets (including the amount
borrowed) less liabilities other than debt obligations, represent at least 300% of outstanding debt
obligations; (ii) The Fund may also borrow amounts equal to an additional 5% of its total assets
without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as for the clearance and
settlement of portfolio transactions and to meet shareholder redemption requests; and (iii) The
Fund may enter into transactions that are technically borrowings under the
50
1940 Act because they involve the sale of a security coupled with an agreement to repurchase that
security (e.g
.
, reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, and other similar investment
techniques) without regard to the asset coverage restriction described in (i) above, so long as and
to the extent that the Funds custodian earmarks and maintains cash and/or high-grade debt
securities equal in value to its obligations in respect of these transactions.
Under current pronouncements of the SEC staff, the above types of transactions are not treated as
involving senior securities so long as and to the extent that the Fund maintains liquid assets
equal in value to its obligations in respect of these transactions.
(2) The Fund may not underwrite securities issued by other persons except to the extent that, in
connection with the disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be deemed to be an underwriter
under federal securities laws.
(3) The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities of issuers
which deal in real estate, including securities of real estate investment trusts, and may purchase
securities which are secured by interests in real estate.
(4) The Fund may not make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations or by entering into
repurchase agreements or through the lending of the Funds portfolio securities. Loans of
portfolio securities may be made with respect to up to 33 1/3% of the Funds total assets.
(5) The Fund may not concentrate more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one
industry.
For purposes of this Fundamental Restriction (5), an industry shall not be considered to include
the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
(6) The Fund may not purchase commodities or commodities contracts, except that the Fund may
purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon and may invest in other
registered open-end investment companies that purchase or sell commodities, commodity contracts or
any type of commodity-related derivative instrument (including without limitation all types of
commodity-related swaps, futures contracts, forward contracts, and option contracts).
(7) The Fund may not issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act and as amplified by
rules, regulations and pronouncements of the SEC.
The SEC has concluded that even though reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements,
and standby commitment agreements fall within the functional meaning of the term evidence of
indebtedness, the issue of compliance with Section 18 of the 1940 Act will not be raised with the
SEC by the Division of Investment Management if the Fund covers such obligations or maintains
liquid assets equal in value to its obligations with respect to these transactions. Similarly, so
long as such assets are maintained, the issue of compliance with Section 18 will not be raised with
respect to any of the following: any swap contract or contract for differences; any pledge or
encumbrance of assets permitted by Non-Fundamental Restriction (4) below; any borrowing permitted
by Fundamental Restriction (1) above; any collateral
51
arrangements with respect to initial and variation margin permitted by Non-Fundamental Restriction
(4) below; and the purchase or sale of options, forward contracts, futures contracts or options on
futures contracts.
(8) The Fund may not cause less than 75% of the value of the Funds total assets to be represented
by cash and cash items (including receivables), Government securities, securities of other
investment companies, and other securities for the purposes of this calculation limited in respect
of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and to
not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any single issuer.
Non-Fundamental Restrictions:
The following are Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Fund, which may be changed by the
Trustees
without
shareholder approval:
(1) The Fund may not buy or sell oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts,
although it may purchase securities of issuers that deal in oil, gas, or other mineral leases,
rights or royalty contracts, including securities of royalty trusts, and may purchase securities
which are secured by, or otherwise hold or represent interests in, oil, gas, or other mineral
leases, rights or royalty contracts.
(2) The Fund may not make investments for the purpose of gaining control of a companys
management.
(3) The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.
Except as indicated above in Fundamental Restriction (1), all percentage limitations on investments
set forth herein and in the Private Placement Memorandum will apply at the time of the making of an
investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists
immediately after and as a result of such investment.
The phrase shareholder approval, as used in the Private Placement Memorandum and in this
Statement of Additional Information, and the phrases vote of a majority of the outstanding voting
securities and the approval of shareholders, as used herein with respect to the Fund, mean the
affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, or (2)
67% or more of the shares of the Fund present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding
shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. Except for policies and restrictions
that are explicitly described as fundamental in the Private Placement Memorandum or this Statement
of Additional Information, the investment policies and restrictions of the Fund may be changed by
the Trusts Trustees without the approval of shareholders of the Fund. Policies and restrictions
of the Fund that are explicitly described as fundamental in the Private Placement Memorandum or
this Statement of Additional Information cannot be changed without the approval of shareholders of
the Fund.
52
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close of
regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Boston time. The
NAV per share of a class of shares of the Fund is determined by dividing the total value of the
Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class
by the total number of outstanding shares of that class. NAV is not determined on any days when the
NYSE is closed for business. The Fund also may elect not to determine NAV on days during which no
share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share is received by the Fund.
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) may require the Fund to accrue for certain
taxes that may or may not ultimately be paid. The amounts of such accruals will be determined by
the Manager in its sole discretion. Please refer to Determination of Net Asset Value in the
Private Placement Memorandum for additional information.
The Manager evaluates pricing sources on an ongoing basis and may change a pricing source at any
time. The Manager normally does not evaluate the prices supplied by pricing sources on a
day-to-day basis. The Manager monitors erratic or unusual movements (including unusual inactivity)
in the prices supplied for a security and has discretion to override a price supplied by a source
(e.g., by taking a price supplied by another) when it believes that the price supplied is not
reliable. In addition, although alternative prices may be available for securities held by the
Fund, those alternative sources are not typically part of the valuation process and do not
necessarily provide greater certainty about the prices used by the Fund. In addition, to the
extent the Fund holds portfolio securities listed on foreign exchanges that trade on days on which
the NYSE or the U.S. bond markets are closed, the net asset value of the Funds shares may change
significantly on days when shares cannot be redeemed.
DISTRIBUTIONS
The Private Placement Memorandum describes the distribution policies of the Fund under the heading
Distributions and Taxes. The Fund generally maintains a policy to pay its shareholders, as
dividends, substantially all net investment income, if any, and all net realized capital gains, if
any, after offsetting any available capital loss carryovers. The Fund generally maintains a policy
to make distributions at least annually, sufficient to avoid the imposition of a nondeductible 4%
excise tax on certain undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gain net income. The
Fund, from time to time and at the Funds discretion, also may make unscheduled distributions of
net investment income, short-term capital gains, and/or long-term capital gains prior to large
redemptions by shareholders from the Fund or as otherwise deemed appropriate by the Fund. From
time to time, distributions by the Fund could constitute, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a
return of capital to shareholders (see discussion in Taxes below).
53
TAXES
Tax Status and Taxation of the Fund
The Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Fund
intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (RIC)
under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (previously defined above as
the Code). In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their
shareholders, the Fund must, among other things:
(a)
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derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest,
payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other
disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not
limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its
business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies and (ii) net income derived
from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below);
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(b)
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diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Funds taxable year, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S.
government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in respect of
any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and not
more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25%
of the value of the Funds total assets is invested in the securities (other than those of the
U.S. government or RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls
and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or in the
securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and
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(c)
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distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment
company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction
for dividends paidgenerally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net
short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest
income for such year.
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In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above,
income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such
income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if
realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a
qualified publicly traded partnership (defined generally as a partnership (i) the interests in
which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market
or the substantial equivalent thereof, (ii) that derives at least 90% of its income from passive
income sources defined in Section 7704(d) of the Code, and (iii) that derives less than 90% of its
income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as
qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not
apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a
qualified publicly traded partnership. Further, for the purposes of the diversification test in
paragraph (b) above: (i) the term outstanding voting securities of such issuer will include the
equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and (ii) identification of the issuer
(or,
54
in some cases, issuers) of a particular Fund investment can depend on the terms and conditions of
that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under
current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service
(IRS) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely
affect the Funds ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.
If the Fund qualifies as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund will not be subject
to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form
of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below).
As described above, the Fund intends generally to distribute at least annually to its shareholders
substantially all of its net investment income (including any net tax-exempt interest income) and
all of its net realized capital gains (including both net short-term and long-term capital gains).
Any net taxable investment income or net short-term capital gains (as reduced by any net long-term
capital losses) retained by the Fund will be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate
rates. Although the Fund intends generally to distribute all of its net capital gain (i.e., the
excess of any net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) each year, the Fund
reserves the right to retain for investment all or a portion of its net capital gain. If the Fund
retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate
rates on the amount retained. In that case, the Fund is permitted to designate the retained amount
as undistributed capital gains in a timely notice to its shareholders, who would then, in turn, be
(i) required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain,
their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) entitled to credit their proportionate shares
of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax
liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly filed U.S. tax return to the extent the
credit exceeds such liabilities. If the Fund properly makes this designation, for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund would be increased
by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital
gains included in the shareholders gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the
tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. The Fund is not
required to, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will, make this designation if it retains
all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.
In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available
to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income, and its
earnings and profits, the Fund generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital
loss (defined as the greatest of net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term
capital loss, in each case attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31) or
late-year ordinary loss (generally, (i) net ordinary loss from the sale, exchange or other taxable
disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, plus
(ii) other net ordinary loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as
if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.
If the Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount generally equal to the
sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the
one-year period ending October 31 within that year, plus any such retained amounts from the
55
prior year, the Fund would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed
amounts. The Fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4%
excise tax, although the Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an
additional distribution when circumstances warrant (e.g., the payment of the excise tax amount is
deemed by the Fund to be
de minimis
). For purposes of the required excise tax distribution, the
Funds ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of property
that would otherwise be taken into account after October 31 of a calendar year generally are
treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year.
Realized capital losses in excess of realized capital gains (Net Capital Losses) are not
permitted to be deducted against net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to the
limitations described below, the Fund will carry Net Capital Losses forward from any taxable year
to subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent
taxable year. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available
capital loss carryforwards. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset
current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Fund retains or distributes such gains.
Any Net Capital Losses will be carried forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without
expiration. Any such carryforward losses will retain their character as short-term or long-term
and will be applied first against gains of the same character. The Funds available capital loss
carryforwards, if any, will be set forth in its annual shareholder report for each fiscal year.
The Funds ability to use Net Capital Losses may be limited following the occurrence of certain (i)
acquisitive reorganizations and (ii) shifts in the ownership of the Fund by a shareholder owning or
treated as owning 5% or more of the shares of the Fund (each, an ownership change). The Code may
similarly limit the Funds ability to use any of its other capital losses, or ordinary losses, that
have accrued but have not been recognized (i.e., built-in losses) at the time of an ownership
change to the extent they are realized within the five-year period following the ownership change.
Limitation on Deductibility of Fund Expenses
The Fund will be considered to be a nonpublicly offered RIC if it has fewer than 500 shareholders
at all times during a taxable year. Very generally, pursuant to Treasury regulations, expenses of
nonpublicly offered RICs, except those specific to their status as a RIC or separate entity (e.g.,
registration fees or transfer agency fees), are subject to special pass-through rules. The
affected expenses (which include management fees) are treated as additional dividends to certain
Fund shareholders (generally including individuals and entities that compute their taxable income
in the same manner as individuals) and are deductible by those shareholders, subject to the 2%
floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions and other significant limitations on itemized deductions
set forth in the Code.
Transactions in Fund Shares
The sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a taxable gain or loss, generally
equal to the difference between the amount realized by a shareholder on the disposition
56
of the shares (that is, gross proceeds) and the shareholders adjusted basis in those shares.
Shareholders are responsible for keeping track of their own basis in Fund shares, including any
events requiring adjustments to their basis (e.g., due to receipt of a Return of Capital
Distribution (as defined below)). However, under new rules effective January 1, 2012, the Fund (or
in the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary) will be required to provide
cost-basis information (generally on an IRS Form 1099-B) to the IRS and to shareholders with
respect to Fund shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012, when such shares are subsequently
redeemed. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors (and if holding shares through an
intermediary, their intermediary) concerning the application of these new rules to their investment
in the Fund, including any cost-basis reporting they may have to make on their U.S. federal income
tax returns in respect of Fund shares they redeemed during a taxable year.
In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as
long-term capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term
capital gain if the shares have been held for not more than one year. However, depending on a
shareholders percentage ownership in the Fund, a partial redemption of Fund shares could cause the
shareholder to be treated as receiving a dividend, taxable under the rules applicable to dividends
and distributions described below, rather than capital gain income received in exchange for Fund
shares.
Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held by a shareholder for six months or
less generally will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any Capital Gain
Dividends, as defined below, received or deemed received by a shareholder with respect to those
shares. Further, all or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares
will be disallowed under the Codes wash-sale rules if other shares of the Fund are purchased,
including by means of dividend reinvestment, within 30 days before or after the disposition. In
such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed
loss.
Taxation of Fund Distributions
Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders under the rules described below whether received in
cash or reinvested in additional Fund shares.
Dividends and distributions on the Funds shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax
as described below to the extent they do not exceed the Funds realized income and gains, even
though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular
shareholders investment. Such dividends and distributions are likely to occur in respect of
shares purchased at a time when the Funds net asset value reflects unrealized gains, or realized
but undistributed income or gains, that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid
for its shares. Such distributions may reduce the net asset value of the Funds shares below the
shareholders cost basis in those shares. Such realized income and gains may be required to be
distributed even when the Funds net asset value also reflects unrealized losses.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable to
shareholders as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how
long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder
57
may have owned shares in the Fund. In general, the Fund will recognize long-term capital gain or
loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and
short-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one
year or less. Distributions of net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital
gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to loss
carryforwards) that are properly reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain
Dividends) generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains. Long-term capital
gain rates applicable to most individuals have been temporarily reduced to 15% (with a 0% rate
applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets) for taxable years beginning before January
1, 2013. These reduced rates will expire for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013,
unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise. Distributions attributable to net
short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year, in each
case determined with reference to loss carryforwards) generally are taxable to shareholders as
ordinary income.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, distributions of investment income reported by
the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at
the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are
met at both the shareholder and Fund levels. This provision will expire for taxable years beginning
on or after January 1, 2013, unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise.
In order for some portion of the dividends received by a Fund shareholder to be qualified dividend
income, the Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of
the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other
requirements with respect to the Funds shares. A dividend will not be treated as qualified
dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level) (i) if the dividend is received with
respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on
the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to
such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period
beginning 90 days before such date), (ii) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation
(whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions
in substantially similar or related property, (iii) if the recipient elects to have the dividend
income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment
interest, or (iv) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (A) not eligible
for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of
dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities
market in the United States) or (B) treated as a passive foreign investment company (as defined
below).
In general, distributions of investment income reported by the Fund as derived from qualified
dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of a shareholder taxed as
an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described
above with respect to the Funds shares. If the above-described holding period and other
requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund level, qualified dividend income will be
taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain for taxable
years beginning before January 1, 2013. As noted above, this provision will expire for
58
taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, unless Congress enacts legislation providing
otherwise.
If the aggregate qualified dividend income received by the Fund during any taxable year is 95% or
more of its gross income, then 100% of the Funds dividends (other than Capital Gain Dividends)
will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. For this purpose, the only gain
included in the term gross income is the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term
capital loss. For information regarding qualified dividend income received by the Fund from
certain underlying funds, see Tax Considerations Related to the Funds Investment in Underlying
RICs below.
For corporate shareholders (other than S corporations), the 70% dividends-received deduction will
generally apply (subject to holding period and other requirements imposed by the Code) to the
Funds dividends paid from investment income to the extent derived from dividends received from
U.S. corporations for the taxable year. A dividend received by the Fund will not be treated as a
dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (1) if it has been received with respect to
any share of stock that the Fund has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain
preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on
which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period
beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (2) to the extent
that the Fund is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related
payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the
dividends received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (1) if the corporate
shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Fund or
(2) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received
deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock
(generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)). For information regarding eligibility for the
dividends-received deduction of dividends received by the Fund from certain underlying Funds, see
Tax Considerations Related to the Funds Investment in Underlying RICs below.
A portion of the original issue discount (OID) accrued on certain high yield discount obligations
may not be deductible to the issuer as interest and will instead be treated as a dividend for
purposes of the corporate dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high
yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible
for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of
such OID. See Tax Implications of Certain Other Investments below for more discussion of OID.
To the extent that the Fund makes a distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income
received by the Fund or an underlying fund in which the Fund invests in lieu of dividends with
respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income
received by the Fund or an underlying fund in which the Fund invests on securities the Fund or
underlying fund, as applicable, temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase
agreement treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan, such distribution will not
constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the
dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
59
The Fund may make a distribution to its shareholders in excess of its current and accumulated
earnings and profits in any taxable year (a Return of Capital Distribution), in which case the
excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of each shareholders tax
basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable to the
extent such an amount does not exceed a shareholders tax basis, but it reduces the shareholders
tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable
disposition by such shareholder of the shares.
A distribution paid to shareholders by the Fund in January of a year generally is deemed to have
been received by shareholders on December 31 of the preceding year, if the distribution was
declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November, or December of that
preceding year. Early each calendar year, the Trust will provide U.S. federal tax information,
including information about the character and amount of dividends and distributions paid during the
preceding year, to taxable investors and others requesting such information.
Backup Withholding
The Fund (or in the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary) generally is
required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and
redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund (or
the intermediary) with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported dividend or
interest income, or who fails to certify that he or she is not subject to such withholding. The
backup withholding tax rate is 28% for amounts paid through 2012. This rate will expire and the
backup withholding rate will be 31% for amounts paid after December 31, 2012, unless Congress
enacts tax legislation providing otherwise. Any tax withheld as a result of backup withholding
does not constitute an additional tax imposed on the record owner of the account, and may be
claimed as a credit on the record owners U.S. federal income tax return, provided the appropriate
information is furnished to the IRS.
Distributions to Foreign Investors
Absent a specific statutory exemption, the Funds dividend distributions (other than Capital Gain
Dividends as described more fully below) are subject to a U.S. withholding tax of 30% when paid to
a shareholder that is not a U.S. person within the meaning of the Code (a foreign shareholder).
In addition, subject to certain exceptions, the Fund is generally not required and currently does
not expect to withhold on the amount of a non-dividend distribution (i.e., a Return of Capital
Distribution) paid to its foreign shareholders; the Fund, however, may determine to withhold on any
such distribution in its discretion to the extent permissible under applicable law. To the extent
withholding is made, persons who are resident in a country, such as the United Kingdom, that has an
income tax treaty with the United States may be eligible for a reduced withholding rate (upon
filing of appropriate forms), and are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the
applicability and effect of such a treaty.
For the Funds initial taxable year ending February 29, 2012, the Fund is not required to withhold
any amounts (i) with respect to distributions (other than distributions to a foreign shareholder
(A) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a
60
U.S. person, (B) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an
obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (C) that
is within certain foreign countries that had inadequate information exchange with the United
States, or (D) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that was a
related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign
corporation) from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal
income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, to the extent such
distributions are properly reported as such by the Fund (interest-related dividends), and (ii)
with respect to distributions (other than (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder
who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the
year of the distribution and (B) distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition
of U.S. real property interests (USRPIs) as described below) of net short-term capital gains in
excess of net long-term capital losses, to the extent such distributions are properly reported as
such by the Fund (short-term capital gain dividends). The Fund is permitted to report such parts
of its dividends as interest-related and/or short-term capital gain dividends as are eligible, but
is not required to do so. The exemption from withholding for interest-related and short-term
capital gain dividends will expire for distributions with respect to taxable years of the Fund
beginning on or after January 1, 2012, unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise.
If the Fund invests in an underlying fund or another investment company registered under the 1940
Act, including an ETF, that is treated as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes (each, an
Underlying RIC) that pays such short-term capital gain or interest-related dividends to its
shareholders, such distributions will retain their character as not subject to withholding if
properly reported as such by the Fund in respect of distributions to its shareholders. In the case
of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports all
or a portion of a payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to
shareholders. Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application
of these rules to their accounts.
Under U.S. federal tax law, a foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal
income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of
the Fund or on Capital Gain Dividends unless (i) such gain or Capital Gain Dividend is
effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the
United States, (ii) in the case of a foreign shareholder that is an individual, the shareholder is
present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year
of the sale or the receipt of the Capital Gain Dividend and certain other conditions are met, or
(iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to
the foreign shareholders sale of shares of the Fund or to the Capital Gain Dividend received (as
described below).
Also, foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from the Fund is effectively connected
with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder will in general be subject to U.S.
federal income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated rates applicable to U.S.
citizens, residents, or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or
reinvested in shares, and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch
profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any
effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a
61
net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the
shareholder in the United States. Again, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with
an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results, and are urged to
consult their tax advisors.
Special withholding and other rules apply to distributions to foreign shareholders to the extent
the Fund is either a U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but
for the operation of the exceptions to the definition thereof described below. Additionally,
special withholding and other rules apply to the redemption of shares to the extent the Fund is a
USRPHC or former USRPHC. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs
USRPIs are defined as any interest in U.S. real property or any equity interest in a USRPHC or
former USRPHC the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market
values of the corporations USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States
and other assets. To the extent the Fund holds (directly or indirectly) significant interests in
real estate investment trusts (as defined in Section 856 of the Code) qualifying for the special
tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code (U.S. REITs), it may be a USRPHC. The special rules
discussed in the next paragraph also apply to distributions from the Fund to the extent it would be
a USRPHC absent exclusions from USRPI treatment for interests in domestically controlled U.S. REITs
or RICs and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in U.S. REITs or
RICs.
To the extent the Fund is a USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for the exceptions from the definition
of USRPI (described immediately above), any dividend distributions by the Fund and certain
distributions made by the Fund in redemption of its shares that are attributable to (i) gains
realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Fund and (ii) distributions received by the Fund from
a lower-tier RIC or U.S. REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands will
retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Funds foreign
shareholders. However, absent the enactment of further legislation, on and after January 1, 2012,
this look-through treatment for distributions by the Fund to foreign shareholders applies only to
such distributions that, in turn, are attributable to distributions received by the Fund from a
lower-tier U.S. REIT and required to be treated as USRPI gain in the Funds hands. If a foreign
shareholder holds (or has held in the prior year) more than a 5% interest in any class of the Fund,
such distributions generally will be treated as gains effectively connected with the conduct of a
U.S. trade or business, and subject to tax at graduated rates. Moreover, such shareholders
generally will be required to file a U.S. income tax return for the year in which the gain was
recognized and the Fund generally will be required to withhold 35% of the amount of such
distribution. In the case of all other foreign shareholders (i.e., those whose interest in the
Fund did not exceed 5% in any class of the Fund at any time during the prior year), the USRPI
distribution generally will be treated as ordinary income (regardless of any reporting by the Fund
that such distribution is a short-term capital gain dividend or a Capital Gain Dividend), and the
Fund generally must withhold 30% (or a lower applicable treaty rate) of the amount of the
distribution paid to such foreign shareholder. It is currently unclear whether Congress will
extend the look-through provisions described above for distributions made on or after January 1,
2012, and what the terms of any such extension would be.
62
Foreign shareholders of the Fund may also be subject to wash-sale rules to prevent the
avoidance of the tax-filing and payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase
of Fund shares.
In addition, to the extent the Fund is a USRPHC, it must typically withhold 10% of the amount
realized in a redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, and that shareholder typically
must file a U.S. income tax return for the year of the disposition of the USRPI and pay any
additional tax due on the sale. A similar withholding obligation may apply to Return of Capital
Distributions by the Fund, to the extent it is a USRPHC, to a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder,
even if all or a portion of such distribution would be treated as a return of capital to the
foreign shareholder. Prior to January 1, 2012, such withholding on these redemptions and
distributions generally is not required if the Fund is a domestically controlled USRPHC or, in
certain limited cases, if the Fund (whether or not domestically controlled) holds substantial
investments in Underlying RICs that are domestically controlled USRPHCs. These exemptions from
withholding will expire for redemptions or distributions made on or after January 1, 2012, unless
Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise. If no such legislation is enacted, beginning on
January 1, 2012, such withholding is required, without regard to whether the Fund or any Underlying
RIC in which it invests is domestically controlled.
Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisors (and if holding shares through an
intermediary, their intermediary) concerning the application of these rules to their investment in
the Fund.
In order to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding
tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a
foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its
non-U.S. status (including, for example, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN). Foreign
shareholders in the Fund should consult their tax advisors and, if holding shares through
intermediaries, their intermediaries, in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and
those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. Also, additional considerations may apply
to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should
consult their tax advisors about their particular situation.
A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local taxes and to the U.S. federal estate tax in
addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.
See also Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements below for information regarding the
potential application of an additional withholding regime.
Shareholder Reporting Obligations With Respect to Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts and Other
Foreign Financial Assets
Effective for taxable years beginning after March 18, 2010, certain individuals (and, if provided
in future guidance, certain domestic entities) must disclose annually their interests in specified
63
foreign financial assets on their U.S. federal income tax returns. It is currently unclear under
what circumstances, if any, a shareholders (indirect) interest in the Funds specified foreign
financial assets, if any, falls within this requirement. In addition, shareholders that are U.S.
persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the Fund or an underlying fund in which
the Fund invests, by vote, value, or interest in profits, as applicable, could be required to
report annually their financial interest in the Funds and/or the underlying funds foreign
financial accounts, if any, on Treasury Department Form TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and
Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult a tax advisor regarding the applicability
to them of both of these reporting requirements.
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
New rules enacted in March 2010 require the reporting to the IRS of direct and indirect ownership
of foreign financial accounts and foreign entities by U.S. persons. Failure to provide this
required information can result in a 30% withholding tax on certain payments (withholdable
payments) made after December 31, 2012. Withholdable payments include U.S.-source dividends and
interest, and gross proceeds from the sale or other disposal of property that can produce
U.S.-source dividends or interest.
The IRS has issued only very preliminary guidance with respect to these new rules; their scope
remains unclear and potentially subject to material change. Very generally, distributions made by
the Fund after December 31, 2012 (or such later date as may be provided in future guidance) to a
shareholder, including a distribution in redemption of shares and a distribution of income or gains
otherwise exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to non-U.S. shareholders described
above (
e.g.
, Capital Gain Dividends and short-term capital gain and interest-related dividends, as
described above), will be subject to the new 30% withholding requirement. Payments will generally
not be subject to withholding under these rules so long as shareholders provide the Fund with
certifications or other documentation as the Fund may request including, to the extent required,
with regard to their direct and indirect owners. Payments to a foreign shareholder that is a
foreign financial institution (as defined under these rules) will generally be subject to
withholding unless such shareholder enters into and provides certification to the Fund of a valid
information reporting and withholding agreement with the IRS to report, among other requirements,
required information including about certain direct and indirect U.S. investors or U.S. accounts.
Future regulations may exempt certain foreign financial institutions from these requirements, but
it is currently unclear whether or when such regulations will be issued. Persons investing in the
Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary regarding the application of the
new reporting and withholding regime to their investments in the Fund.
Shareholders are urged to consult a tax advisor regarding this new reporting and withholding
regime, in light of their particular circumstances.
Special Tax Considerations for the Funds Investments in Underlying Funds
Tax Considerations Related to the Funds Investments in Underlying RICs.
As discussed in the
Funds Private Placement Memorandum, the Fund invests primarily in shares of other underlying
64
funds. Most of these underlying funds are expected to be RICs for U.S. federal income tax purposes
(i.e., Underlying RICs). Because the Fund invests to a significant extent in shares of Underlying
RICs, its distributable income and gains will normally consist substantially of distributions from
Underlying RICs and gains and losses on the disposition of shares of Underlying RICs. To the extent
that an Underlying RIC realizes net capital losses on its investments for a given taxable year, the
Fund will not be able to benefit from those losses until (i) the Underlying RIC realizes capital
gains that can be reduced by those losses, or (ii) the Fund recognizes its share of those losses
when it disposes of shares of the Underlying RIC. Moreover, even when the Fund does make such a
disposition of Underlying RIC shares at a net capital loss, a portion of its loss may be recognized
as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as favorably for U.S. federal income tax
purposes as a short-term capital loss or an ordinary deduction. The Fund also will not be able to
offset any capital losses realized from its dispositions of Underlying RIC shares against its
ordinary income (including distributions of any net short-term capital gains realized by an
Underlying RIC).
In addition, in certain circumstances, the wash-sale rules under Section 1091 of the Code may
apply to the Funds sales of Underlying RIC shares that have generated losses. A wash sale occurs
if shares of an Underlying RIC are sold by the Fund at a loss and the Fund acquires additional
shares of that same Underlying RIC 30 days before or after the date of the sale. The wash-sale
rules could defer losses in the Funds hands on sales of Underlying RIC shares (to the extent such
sales are wash sales) for extended periods of time.
As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, the amounts of net investment
income and net capital gains that the Fund will be required to distribute to shareholders may be
greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by
the Underlying RICs, rather than investing in shares of the Underlying RICs. For similar reasons,
the amount or timing of distributions from the Fund qualifying for treatment as a particular
character (
e.g.
, long-term capital gain, eligibility for dividends-received deduction, etc.) will
not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities
held by the Underlying RICs.
Depending on the Funds percentage ownership in an Underlying RIC both before and after a
redemption of Underlying RIC shares, the Funds redemption of shares of such Underlying RIC may
cause it to be treated as receiving a dividend taxable as ordinary income on the full amount of the
redemption instead of being treated as realizing capital gain (or loss) on the redemption of the
shares of the Underlying RIC. This could be the case where the Fund holds a significant interest
in an Underlying RIC that is not a publicly offered RIC within the meaning of the Code and
redeems only a small portion of such interest. Dividend treatment of a redemption by the Fund
would affect the amount and character of income required to be distributed by both the Fund and the
Underlying RIC for the year in which the redemption occurred. It is possible that any such
dividend would qualify as qualified dividend income taxable at long-term capital gain rates for
taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013; otherwise, it would be taxable as ordinary income
and could cause shareholders of the Fund to recognize higher amounts of ordinary income than if the
shareholders held shares of the Underlying RICs directly.
65
If the Fund receives dividends from an Underlying RIC, and the Underlying RIC reports such
dividends as qualified dividend income, then the Fund is permitted, in turn, to report a portion of
its distributions as qualified dividend income, provided that the Fund meets the holding period and
other requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.
If the Fund receives dividends from an Underlying RIC that qualifies as a RIC, and the Underlying
RIC reports such dividends as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, then the Fund is
permitted, in turn, to report a portion of its distributions as eligible for the dividends-received
deduction, provided that the Fund meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to
shares of the Underlying RIC.
If, at the close of each quarter of the Funds taxable year, at least 50% of its total assets
consists of interests in Underlying RICs, the Fund will be a qualified fund of funds. In that
case, the Fund is permitted to elect to pass through to its shareholders foreign income and other
similar taxes paid by the Fund in respect of foreign securities held directly by the Fund or by an
Underlying RIC in which its invests that itself elected to pass such taxes through to shareholders,
so that shareholders of the Fund will be eligible to claim a tax credit or deduction for such
taxes. The Fund generally expects to be eligible to make such an election, as a qualified fund of
funds, and to make such an election for any taxable year in which it has directly or indirectly
paid any qualifying foreign taxes. See Foreign Tax Considerations below for more information.
Tax Considerations Related to the Funds Investments in Underlying Funds that are Partnerships.
In
addition to Underlying RICs, the Fund may invest in shares of underlying funds that are
partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Special tax considerations apply to the Funds
investments in underlying funds treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For
U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund generally will be allocated its share of the income,
gains, losses, deductions, credits, and other tax items of a partnership so as to reflect the
Funds interest in the partnership. A partnership in which the Fund invests may modify its partner
allocations to comply with applicable tax regulations, including, without limitation, the income
tax regulations under Sections 704, 734, 743, 754, and 755 of the Code. It also may make special
allocations of specific tax items, including gross income, gain, deduction, or loss. These
modified or special allocations could result in the Fund, as a partner, receiving more or fewer
items of income, gain, deduction, or loss (and/or income, gain, deduction, or loss of a different
character) than it would in the absence of such modified or special allocations. The Fund will be
required to include in its income its share of a partnerships tax items, including gross income,
gain, deduction, or loss, for any partnership taxable year ending within or with the Funds taxable
year, regardless of whether or not the partnership distributes any cash to the Fund in such year.
In general, the Fund will not recognize its share of these tax items until the close of the
partnerships taxable year. However, absent the availability of an exception, the Fund will
recognize its share of these tax items as they are recognized by the partnership for purposes of
determining the Funds liability for the 4% excise tax (described above). Therefore, if the Fund
and a partnership have different taxable years, the Fund may be obligated to make distributions in
excess of the net income and gains recognized from that partnership and yet be unable to
avoid the 4% excise tax because it is without sufficient earnings and profits at the end of its
66
taxable year. In some cases, however, the Fund can take advantage of certain safe harbors which
would allow it to include its share of a partnerships income, gain, loss, and certain other tax
items at the close of the partnerships taxable year for both excise tax purposes and general
Subchapter M purposes, thus avoiding the potential complexities arising from different taxable
years.
In general, cash distributions to the Fund by a partnership in which it invests (including in
partial or complete redemption of its interest in the partnership) will represent a nontaxable
return of capital to the Fund up to the amount of the Funds adjusted tax basis in its interest in
the partnership, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as capital gain. Any loss may be
recognized by the Fund only if it redeems its entire interest in the partnership for money.
More generally, as a result of the foregoing and certain other special rules, the Funds
investments in underlying funds that are partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes can
cause the Funds distributions to shareholders to vary in terms of their timing, character, and/or
amount from what the Funds distributions would have been had the Fund invested directly in the
portfolio securities and other assets held by these underlying funds.
Tax Implications of Certain Other Investments
As discussed in the Funds Private Placement Memorandum, the Fund invests primarily in shares of
underlying funds, but also may hold securities directly. Therefore, unless otherwise specified,
references in this section to the Funds activities, investments, holdings and elections generally
include the activities, investments, holdings, and elections conducted, held or made, as
applicable, either by the Fund directly or through underlying funds.
In general, option premiums received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the
Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is
exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a
closing transaction). If a call option written by the Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or
delivers the underlying securities or other assets, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain
or loss equal to (i) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus
(ii) the Funds basis in the underlying securities or other assets. Such gain or loss generally
will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying securities or
other assets. If securities or other assets are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of
a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost
basis in the securities or other assets purchased. The gain or loss with respect to any
termination of the Funds obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option
and related purchase, sale, or delivery of the underlying securities or other assets generally will
be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater
or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for
example, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize
short-term gain equal to the premium received.
Certain covered call writing activities and other option strategies of the Fund may trigger the
U.S. federal income tax straddle rules of Section 1092 of the Code, requiring the deferral of
losses and the termination of holding periods on offsetting positions in options and stocks
67
deemed
to constitute substantially similar or related property. Call options on stocks that are not deep
in the money may qualify as qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the
straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are in the
money although not deep in the money will be suspended during the period that such calls are
outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause
gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital
gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for
the corporate dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and
therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or to fail to qualify for the dividends-received
deduction, as the case may be.
The tax treatment of certain futures contracts entered into by the Fund as well as listed
non-equity options written or purchased by the Fund on U.S. exchanges (including options on futures
contracts, equity indices, and debt securities) will be governed by Section 1256 of the Code
(Section 1256 contracts). Gains or losses on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60%
long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (60/40), although certain foreign currency
gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, Section 1256
contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax,
on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are marked to market, with the result that
unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss
is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.
In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions,
the Funds transactions in other derivative instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap
agreements), as well as any of its other hedging, short sales, or similar transactions, may be
subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive
sale, wash-sale, and short-sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized
by the Fund are treated as ordinary or capital and/or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the
recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses, and cause adjustments in the holding
periods of the Funds securities. The rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and/or
character of distributions to shareholders.
The Fund may make extensive use of various types of derivative financial instruments to the extent
consistent with its investment policies and restrictions. The tax rules applicable to derivative
financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, including under Subchapter M
of the Code. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner they
deem to be appropriate, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to one
or more of these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may adversely affect
the Funds ability to meet one or more of the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification
as a RIC, as well as to avoid the Fund-level tax. See Loss of RIC Status below.
Certain investments made and investment practices engaged in by the Fund can produce a difference
between its book income and its taxable income. These can include, but are not limited to, certain
hedging activities, as well as investments in foreign currencies, foreign
currency-denominated debt securities, Section 1256 contracts, passive foreign investment
68
companies
(as defined below), and debt obligations with discount or purchased at a premium. In addition,
certain foreign currency transactions associated with the redemption of Fund shares (in the case of
the Fund that permits redemptions of Fund shares in foreign currencies) may produce a difference
between the Funds book income and its taxable income. If the Funds book income exceeds the sum
of its taxable income and net tax-exempt interest income (if any), the distribution (if any) of
such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Funds remaining
earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt interest income (if
any)); (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipients basis in its
shares; and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If the Funds
book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund
could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a RIC that is accorded
special tax treatment.
Any investment by the Fund in U.S. REIT equity securities may result in the Funds receipt of cash
in excess of the U.S. REITs earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions
could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Investments in U.S. REIT equity securities may also require the Fund to accrue and distribute
income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund
may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do
so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Fund from a U.S.
REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not
constitute qualified dividend income.
Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have not yet been
issued, but may apply retroactively, a portion of the Funds income (including income allocated to
the Fund from a U.S. REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest
in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC) (including by investing in residual
interests in CMOs with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect) or an
equity interest in a taxable mortgage pool (TMP) (referred to in the Code as an excess
inclusion) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides
and the regulations are expected to provide that excess inclusion income of RICs, such as the Fund,
will be allocated to shareholders of RICs in proportion to the dividends received by such
shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly.
As a result, to the extent the Fund invests in any such interests, it may not be a suitable
investment for certain tax-exempt investors, as noted below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating
losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute
unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an
individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to
tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion
income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax
on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction
in U.S. federal withholding tax.
69
Under current law, income of the Fund that would be treated as UBTI if earned directly by a
tax-exempt entity generally will not be attributed and taxed as UBTI when distributed to tax-exempt
shareholders (that is, the Fund blocks this income with respect to such shareholders).
Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of
its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of
the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Code. A tax-exempt
shareholder may also recognize UBTI if the Fund recognizes excess inclusion income derived from
direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs as
described above, if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Funds investment
company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in
RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in
TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code)
that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to
such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI as a result of
investing in the Fund to the extent it recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time
during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United
States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain
energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in the Fund at a time when the Fund recognizes
excess inclusion income, then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess
inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S.
federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in
light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the
Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and
thus reduce such shareholders distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to
such shareholders interest in the Fund. CRTs and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult
their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Fund.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance
(and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of
issuance) that are acquired by the Fund will be treated as debt obligations that are issued
originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the OID is treated as interest income and is
included in the Funds taxable income (and required to be distributed by the Fund) over the term of
the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually
upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. In addition, payment-in-kind
securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though
the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance
that are acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount.
Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation
(or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its revised issue price) over the purchase
price
70
of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment
of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent
the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt
security. Alternatively, the Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the
Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in the Funds income (as ordinary
income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that
amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the
debt security. The rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Funds
income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance that
are acquired by the Fund may be treated as having OID or, in certain cases, acquisition discount
(very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price). Generally,
the Fund will be required to include the OID or acquisition discount in income (as ordinary income)
over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a
later time, usually when the debt security matures. The OID or acquisition discount accrues
ratably in equal daily installments or, if the Fund so elects, at a constant (compound) interest
rate. If the Fund elects the constant interest rate method, the character and timing of
recognition of income by the Fund will differ from what they would have been under the default pro
rata method.
Increases in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond will be treated as OID includible in
income (as ordinary income) over the term of the bond, even though payment of that amount is not
received until a later time. Decreases in the principal amount of an inflation indexed bond will
reduce the amount of interest from the debt instrument that would otherwise be includible in income
by the Fund. In addition, if the negative inflation adjustment exceeds the income includible by
the Fund with respect to the debt instrument (including any OID) for the taxable year, such excess
will be an ordinary loss to the extent the Funds total interest inclusions on the debt instrument
in prior taxable years exceed the total amount treated by the Fund as an ordinary loss on the debt
instrument in prior taxable years. Any remaining excess may be carried forward to reduce taxable
income from the instrument in subsequent years.
If the Fund holds the foregoing kinds of debt instruments, it may be required to pay out as an
income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the
Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or, if
necessary, by liquidation of portfolio securities including at a time when it may not be
advantageous to do so. The Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event
the Fund realizes net long-term or short-term capital gains from such transactions, its
shareholders may receive a larger Capital Gain Dividend or ordinary dividend, respectively, than
they would in the absence of such transactions.
Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for
the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the
Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation; when the Fund may cease to accrue
interest, OID, or market discount; when and to what extent the Fund may take deductions for bad
debts or worthless securities; and how the Fund should allocate payments received on obligations
71
in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the
Fund when, as, and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes
sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal
income or excise tax.
In addition, any transactions by the Fund in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt
obligations, or certain foreign currency options, futures contracts, or forward contracts (or
similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss
results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned and, as described earlier,
can give rise to differences in the Funds book and taxable income. Such ordinary income treatment
may accelerate Fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to
shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by
the Fund to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.
The Funds investments in certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), as defined below,
could subject the Fund to U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions
received from a PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in a PFIC, which tax
cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may make
certain elections to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, the Fund may elect to treat a
PFIC as a qualified electing fund (QEF) (i.e., make a QEF election), in which case the Fund
will be required to include its share of the PFICs income and net capital gain annually,
regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC. Alternately, the Fund may make
an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent the losses) in such holdings to the market
as though it had sold (and, solely for purposes of this mark-to-market election, repurchased) its
holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Funds taxable year. Such gains and losses are
treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may have the effect of
accelerating the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increasing the amount
required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections
therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not
advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the
recognition of gain and affect the Funds total return. If the Fund indirectly invests in PFICs by
virtue of the Funds investment in Underlying RICs or other investment companies it may not make
such elections; rather, the Underlying RICs or other investment companies directly investing in
PFICs would decide whether to make such elections. In addition, there is a risk that the Fund may
not realize that a foreign corporation in which it invests is a PFIC for U.S. federal tax purposes
and thus fail to timely make a QEF or mark-to-market election in respect of that corporation, in
which event the Fund could be subject to the U.S. federal income taxes and interest charges
described above.
A PFIC is any foreign corporation in which (i) 75% or more of the gross income for the taxable year
is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets (generally by value, but by
adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce, or are held for the production of, passive
income is at least 50%. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest
(including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over
losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, income from certain
notional principal contracts, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not
include
72
rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income
received from related persons.
Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income or for the
dividends-received deduction.
A U.S. person who owns (directly or indirectly) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of
all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a U.S. Shareholder for purposes of the
controlled foreign corporation (CFC) provisions of the Code. A CFC is a foreign corporation
that, on any day of its taxable year, is owned (directly, indirectly, or constructively) more than
50% (measured by voting power or value) by U.S. Shareholders. To the extent the Fund is a U.S.
Shareholder in a CFC, the Fund will be required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income
tax purposes all of that CFCs subpart F income, whether or not such income is actually
distributed by the CFC, provided that the foreign corporation has been a CFC for at least 30
uninterrupted days in its taxable year. Subpart F income generally includes interest, OID,
dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or securities, receipts with respect to
securities loans, and net payments received with respect to equity swaps and similar derivatives.
Subpart F income is treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of the CFCs underlying
income. Net losses incurred by a CFC during a tax year do not flow through to an investing Fund
and thus will not be available to offset income or capital gain generated from that Funds other
investments. To the extent the Fund invests in a CFC and recognizes subpart F income in excess of
actual cash distributions from the CFC, it may be required to sell assets (including when it is not
advantageous to do so) to generate the cash necessary to distribute as dividends to its
shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore to eliminate any tax liability at the Fund
level.
The interest on municipal obligations is generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax. However,
the interest on municipal obligations may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax both
for individuals and corporations (e.g., in the case of interest earned on certain private activity
bonds) and may be subject to state and local taxes. Interest on municipal obligations is taxable
to shareholders when received as a distribution from the Fund, unless the Fund is eligible to pass
through the interest as part of an exempt-interest dividend. In general, a RIC is eligible to
pass through exempt-interest dividends to its shareholders only for taxable years in which, at the
end of each quarter, (i) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of direct
investments in tax-exempt securities or (ii) the RIC is a qualified fund of funds (as defined
above) and invests in Underlying RICs that pass through exempt-interest dividends to their
shareholders. The Fund generally does not expect to pass through exempt-interest dividends. In
addition, gains realized by the Fund on the sale or exchange of municipal obligations are taxable
to shareholders of the Fund, regardless of whether the Fund is eligible to pass through
exempt-interest dividends to its shareholders.
Foreign Tax Considerations
Investments by the Fund or an underlying fund in which the Fund invests in foreign securities may
be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes on dividends, interest, or capital gains, which
will decrease the Funds yield. The Fund or such an underlying fund may otherwise be
73
subject to foreign taxation on repatriation proceeds generated from those securities or to other
transaction-based foreign taxes on those securities, which can also decrease the Funds yield.
Such foreign withholding taxes and other taxes may be reduced or eliminated under income tax
treaties between the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions.
Under a special Code provision for RICs, if, at the end of a RICs taxable year, more than 50% of
the value of the total assets of the RIC is represented by direct investments in stock or other
securities of foreign corporations, the RIC may make an election that allows shareholders to claim
a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return in respect of
foreign taxes paid by or withheld from the RIC on one or more of its foreign portfolio securities.
Only foreign taxes that meet certain qualifications are eligible for this pass-through treatment.
Certain Underlying RICs in which the Fund invests may be eligible to make this election. Even if
such an Underlying RIC is eligible to make this election, it may determine not to do so in its sole
discretion, in which case any such qualified foreign taxes paid by the Underlying RIC cannot be
given this special pass-through treatment by the Underlying RIC or its shareholders, including
the Fund.
As discussed above, the Fund expects to be eligible, as a qualified fund of funds, to pass
through to its shareholders the foreign taxes paid by itself or by the Underlying RICs in which it
invests that themselves elected to pass through such taxes to their shareholders as described
above. The Fund generally expects to make such an election for any taxable year in which it has
directly or indirectly paid any qualifying foreign taxes. See Tax Considerations of the Funds
Investments in Underlying RICs above for more information.
If the Fund makes this election in a taxable year, its shareholders generally will include in gross
income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of any qualifying foreign taxes paid, directly or
indirectly, by the Fund. A shareholders ability to claim an offsetting foreign tax credit or
deduction in respect of these taxes is subject to limitations imposed by the Code, which may result
in the shareholders not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such
taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize deductions on their U.S. federal income tax returns may
claim a credit (but not a deduction) for such foreign taxes. If the Fund makes this election,
shareholders whose income from the Fund is not subject to U.S. taxation at the graduated rates
applicable to U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations may receive substantially
different tax treatment of distributions by the Fund, and may be disadvantaged as a result of the
Funds making this election.
Shareholders should consult their tax advisors for further information relating to the foreign tax
credit and deduction.
Loss of RIC Status
Although the Fund intends each year to qualify as a RIC, if the Fund were to fail to meet the
income or diversification test applicable to RICs described in Tax Status and Taxation of the
Fund above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Fund-level tax
and, in the case of a diversification test failure, disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were
ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or if the Fund were otherwise to
not qualify for taxation as a RIC for such year, the Funds income would be taxed at the Fund
74
level at regular corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including
distributions of net long-term capital gains and net tax-exempt income (if any), generally would be
taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Such distributions generally would be eligible (i) to
be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii)
for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders, provided, in both
cases, the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Funds
shares. In addition, in order to re-qualify for taxation as a RIC that is accorded special tax
treatment, the Fund may be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and
interest on such gains, and make certain substantial distributions.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of the Funds shares
of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate
shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct
shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement,
but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the
current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact
that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of
whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax
advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual
circumstances.
State, Local, and Other Tax Matters
The foregoing discussion relates only to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in
the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations. The
consequences under other tax laws may differ. This discussion has not addressed all aspects of
taxation that may be relevant to particular shareholders in light of their own investment or tax
circumstances, or to particular types of shareholders (including insurance companies, financial
institutions or broker-dealers, tax-exempt entities, foreign corporations, and persons who are not
citizens or residents of the United States) subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal
income tax laws. This summary is based on the Code, the regulations thereunder, published rulings,
and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a
retroactive basis. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the precise tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund in light of their particular tax situation, including
possible foreign, state, local, or other applicable tax laws.
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified
plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the suitability of shares of
the Fund as an investment through such plans.
Additionally, most states permit mutual funds, such as the Fund, to pass through to their
shareholders the state tax exemption on income earned from investments in certain direct U.S.
Treasury obligations, as well as some limited types of U.S. government agency securities (such as
Federal Farm Credit Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank securities), so long as the Fund meets all
applicable state requirements. Therefore, shareholders in the Fund may be allowed to
75
exclude from their state taxable income distributions (if any) made to them by the Fund to the
extent attributable to interest the Fund directly or indirectly earned on such investments. The
availability of these exemptions varies by state. Investments in securities of certain U.S.
government agencies, including securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac, and
repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do not qualify for
these exemptions. Moreover, these exemptions may not be available to corporate shareholders. All
shareholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the applicability of these exemptions to
their situation.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The following tables present information regarding each Trustee and officer of the Trust as of the
date of this Statement of Information. Each Trustees and officers date of birth (DOB) is set
forth after his or her name. Unless otherwise noted, (i) each Trustee and officer has engaged in
the principal occupation(s) noted in the table for at least the most recent five years, although
not necessarily in the same capacity, and (ii) the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o GMO
Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110. Each Trustee serves in office until the earlier of (a)
the election and qualification of a successor at the next meeting of shareholders called to elect
Trustees or (b) the Trustee dies, resigns, or is removed as provided in the Trusts governing
documents. Each of the Trustees of the Trust, other than Mr. Kittredge, is not an interested
person of the Trust, as such term is used in the 1940 Act (each, an Independent Trustee).
Because the Fund does not hold annual meetings of shareholders, each Trustee will hold office for
an indeterminate period. Each officer serves in office until his or her successor is elected and
determined to be qualified to carry out the duties and responsibilities of the office, or until the
officer resigns or is removed from office.
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of
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Portfolios
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Principal
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in
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Occupation(s)
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Fund
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Other
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Name and Date
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Position(s) Held
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Length of
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During Past 5
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Complex
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Directorships
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of Birth
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with the Trust
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Time Served
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Years
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Overseen
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Held
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INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES
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Donald W. Glazer,
Esq.
DOB: 07/26/1944
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Chairman of the
Board of Trustees
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Chairman of the
Board of Trustees
since March 2005;
Lead Independent
Trustee (September
2004-March 2005);
Trustee since
December 2000.
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ConsultantLaw and
Business
1
;
Author of Legal Treatises.
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64
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None.
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76
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Number
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of
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Portfolios
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Principal
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in
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Occupation(s)
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Fund
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Other
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Name and Date
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Position(s) Held
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Length of
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During Past 5
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Complex
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Directorships
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of Birth
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with the Trust
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Time Served
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Years
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Overseen
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Held
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Peter Tufano
DOB: 04/22/1957
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Trustee
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Since December 2008.
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Peter Moores Dean and
Professor of Finance,
University of Oxford Saïd
Business School (as of July 1,
2011); Sylvan C. Coleman
Professor of Financial
Management, Harvard Business
School (1989-2011).
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64
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Trustee of State
Street Navigator
Securities Lending
Trust (2
Portfolios).
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Paul Braverman
DOB: 01/25/1949
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Trustee
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Since March 2010.
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Director of Courier
Corporation (a book publisher
and manufacturer) (January
2008 present); Chief
Financial Officer, Wellington
Management Company, LLP (an
investment adviser) (March
1986 December 2007).
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Director of Courier
Corporation (a book
publisher and
manufacturer).
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INTERESTED TRUSTEE AND OFFICER
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Joseph B.
Kittredge,
Jr.
2
DOB: 08/22/1954
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Trustee;
President and Chief
Executive Officer
of the Trust
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Trustee since March
2010; President and
Chief Executive
Officer of the
Trust since March
2009.
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General Counsel, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(October 2005 present);
Partner, Ropes & Gray LLP
(prior to October 2005).
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64
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None.
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1
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As part of Mr. Glazers work as a consultant, he provides part-time consulting
services to Goodwin Procter LLP (Goodwin). Goodwin has provided legal services to Renewable
Resources, LLC, an affiliate of GMO; GMO, in connection with its relationship with Renewable
Resources; and funds managed by Renewable Resources. Mr. Glazer has represented that he has no
financial interest in, and is not involved in the provision of, such legal services. In the
calendar years ended December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010, these entities paid $397,491 and
$1,238,183, respectively, in legal fees and disbursements to Goodwin. In correspondence with the
Staff of the SEC beginning in August 2006, the Independent Trustees legal counsel provided the
Staff with information regarding Mr. Glazers relationship with Goodwin and his other business
activities. On September 11, 2007, based on information that had been given to the Staff as of that
date, the Staff provided oral no-action assurance consistent with the opinion of the Independent
Trustees legal counsel that Mr. Glazer is not an interested person of the Trust.
|
|
2
|
|
Mr. Kittredge is an interested person of the Trust, as such term is used in the 1940
Act (an Interested Trustee), by virtue of his positions with the Trust and GMO indicated in the
table above.
|
77
Information About Each Trustees Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, or Skills for Board
Membership.
As described in additional detail below under Committees, the Governance Committee,
which is comprised solely of Independent Trustees, has responsibility for recommending to the Board
of Trustees the nomination of candidates for election as Trustees, including identifying, and
evaluating the skill sets and qualifications of, potential candidates. In recommending the
election of the current board members as Trustees, the Governance Committee generally considered
the educational, business and professional experience of each Trustee in determining his or her
qualifications to serve as a Trustee of the Funds. The Governance Committee focuses on the
complementary skills and experience of the Trustees as a group, as well as on those of any
particular Trustee. With respect to Messrs. Glazer, Tufano and Braverman, the Governance Committee
noted that these Trustees all had considerable experience in overseeing investment management
activities and/or related operations and in serving on the boards of other companies. In addition,
the Committee also considered, among other factors, the particular attributes described below with
respect to the various individual Trustees:
Donald W. Glazer Mr. Glazers experience serving as Chairman of the Board of Trustees and as a
director of other companies, his professional training and his experience as a business lawyer,
including as a partner at a leading law firm, and his business experience.
Peter Tufano Mr. Tufanos experience serving as Trustee of the Funds and as a director of other
companies, and his professional training and his experience in business and finance, including as a
professor of financial management at a leading business school.
Paul Braverman Mr. Bravermans experience as a director, his professional training and his
experience as a certified public accountant and lawyer and his experience in the management of a
leading investment management firm.
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. Mr. Kittredges experience serving as President of the Trust and
General Counsel and a Member of GMO, his professional training and his experience as a lawyer
representing mutual funds and investment management firms, including as a partner at a leading law
firm, and his perspective on Board matters as a senior executive of GMO.
Information relating to the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees is
required by the registration form adopted by the SEC, does not constitute holding out the Board or
any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and does not impose any greater
responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board as a whole than would otherwise be
the case.
78
Other Officers
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
Position(s)
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|
|
|
|
Name and Date of
|
|
Held
|
|
Length
|
|
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Birth
|
|
with the Trust
|
|
of Time Served
|
|
During Past 5 Years
1
|
Sheppard N. Burnett
DOB: 10/24/1968
|
|
Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
|
|
Chief Financial Officer since March 2007; Treasurer since November 2006; Assistant Treasurer, September 2004-November 2006.
|
|
Head of Fund Administration (December 2006-present), Fund Administration Staff (June 2004-November 2006), Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
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John L. Nasrah
DOB: 05/27/1977
|
|
Assistant Treasurer
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|
Since March 2007.
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Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (September 2004-present).
|
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|
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|
Mahmoodur Rahman
DOB: 11/30/1967
|
|
Assistant Treasurer
|
|
Since September 2007.
|
|
Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (April 2007-present); Vice President and Senior Tax Manager, Massachusetts Financial Services Company (January 2000-April 2007).
|
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Carolyn Haley
DOB: 07/12/1966
|
|
Assistant Treasurer
|
|
Since June 2009.
|
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Fund Administrator, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (May 2009-present); Treasurer and Chief Compliance Officer, Hambrecht & Quist Capital Management LLC (April 2007-April 2009); Senior Manager, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (2003-2007).
|
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John McGinty
DOB: 08/11/1962
|
|
Chief Compliance Officer
|
|
Since February 2011.
|
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Chief Compliance Officer, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (July 2009-present); Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel (January 2007-July 2009), Vice President and Associate General Counsel (February 2006-December 2006), Fidelity Investments.
|
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Jason B. Harrison
DOB: 01/29/1977
|
|
Chief Legal Officer, Vice President-Law and Clerk
|
|
Chief Legal Officer since October 2010; Vice President-Law since October 2010; Vice President since November 2006; Clerk since March 2006.
|
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Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (since February 2006).
|
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David L. Bohan
DOB: 06/21/1964
|
|
Vice President and Assistant Clerk
|
|
Vice President since March 2005; Assistant Clerk since March 2006.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
|
|
|
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|
Gregory L. Pottle
DOB: 07/09/1971
|
|
Vice President and Assistant Clerk
|
|
Since November 2006.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
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|
|
|
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|
|
Anne K. Trinque
DOB: 04/15/1978
|
|
Vice President and Assistant Clerk
|
|
Since September 2007.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (January 2007-present); Attorney, Goodwin Procter LLP (September 2003-January 2007).
|
79
|
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Position(s)
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|
|
|
Name and Date of
|
|
Held
|
|
Length
|
|
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Birth
|
|
with the Trust
|
|
of Time Served
|
|
During Past 5 Years
1
|
Heather Schirmer
DOB: 6/10/1974
|
|
Vice President and Assistant Clerk
|
|
Since March 2011.
|
|
Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
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|
|
|
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|
Cheryl Wakeham
DOB: 10/29/1958
|
|
Vice President and Anti-Money Laundering Officer
|
|
Since December 2004.
|
|
Manager, Client Service Administration, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Each of Messrs. Burnett, Bohan and Pottle and Mses. Haley, Trinque and Schirmer
serves as an officer and/or director of certain pooled investment vehicles of which GMO or an
affiliate of GMO serves as the investment adviser.
|
Trustees Responsibilities.
Under the provisions of the GMO Declaration of Trust, the
Trustees manage the business of the Trust, an open-end management investment company. The Trustees
have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility, including the power to
engage in securities transactions on behalf of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, the
Trustees may: adopt By-Laws not inconsistent with the Declaration of Trust providing for the
regulation and management of the affairs of the Trust; amend and repeal By-Laws to the extent that
such By-Laws do not reserve that right to the shareholders; fill vacancies in or remove members of
the Board of Trustees (including any vacancies created by an increase in the number of Trustees);
remove members of the Board of Trustees with or without cause; elect and remove such officers and
appoint and terminate agents as they consider appropriate; appoint members of the Board of Trustees
to one or more committees consisting of two or more Trustees, which may exercise the powers and
authority of the Trustees, and terminate any such appointments; employ one or more custodians of
the assets of the Trust and authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to deposit all or
any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities or with a
Federal Reserve Bank; retain a transfer agent or a shareholder servicing agent, or both; provide
for the distribution of Shares by the Trust, through one or more principal underwriters or
otherwise; set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to various matters;
and in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to
any committee of the Trustees, and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any such custodian
or underwriter.
Board Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight.
The Board of Trustees is responsible for the
general oversight of the GMO Funds affairs and for assuring that each GMO Fund is managed in the
best interests of its shareholders. The Board regularly reviews each GMO Funds investment
performance as well as the quality of services provided to the GMO Fund and its shareholders by GMO
and its affiliates, including shareholder servicing. At least annually, the Board reviews and
evaluates the fees and operating expenses paid by each GMO Fund for these services and negotiates
changes that it deems appropriate. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board is assisted
by the GMO Funds auditors, independent counsel to the Independent
Trustees and other persons as appropriate, who are selected by and responsible to the Board. In
addition, the GMO Funds Chief Compliance Officer reports directly to the Board.
80
Currently, all but one of the Trustees are Independent Trustees. The Independent Trustees must
vote separately to approve all financial arrangements and other agreements with the GMO Funds
investment adviser, GMO, and other affiliated parties. The role of the Independent Trustees has
been characterized as that of a watchdog charged with oversight of protecting shareholders
interests against overreaching and abuse by those who are in a position to control or influence a
fund. The Independent Trustees meet regularly as a group in executive session without
representatives of GMO present. An Independent Board Member currently serves as Chairman of the
Board of Trustees.
Taking into account the number, diversity and complexity of the GMO Funds overseen by the Board of
Trustees and the aggregate amount of assets under management in the GMO Funds, the Board has
determined that the efficient conduct of its affairs makes it desirable to delegate responsibility
for certain specific matters to committees of the Board. These committees, which are described in
more detail below, review and evaluate matters specified in their charters and make recommendations
to the Board as they deem appropriate. Each committee may utilize the resources of the GMO Funds
counsel and auditors as well as other persons. The committees meet from time to time, either in
conjunction with regular meetings of the Board or otherwise. The membership and chair of each
committee are appointed by the Board upon recommendation of the Governance Committee. The
membership and chair of each committee other than the Risk Oversight Committee consists exclusively
of Independent Trustees.
The Board of Trustees has determined that this committee structure also allows the Board to focus
more effectively on the oversight of risk as part of its broader oversight of each GMO Funds
affairs. While risk management is primarily the responsibility of the Funds investment adviser,
GMO, the Board regularly receives reports, including reports from GMO and the GMO Funds Chief
Compliance Officer, regarding investment risks, compliance risks, and certain other risks
applicable to the GMO Funds. The Boards committee structure allows separate committees, such as
the Audit Committee, Pricing Committee, and Governance Committee, which are discussed in more
detail below under Committees, to focus on different aspects of these risks within the scope of
the committees authority and their potential impact on some or all of the GMO Funds, and to
discuss with the GMO the ways in which GMO monitors and controls such risks. The Board has also
established a separate Risk Oversight Committee to oversee the management of risks applicable to
the GMO Funds, to the extent such risks are not overseen by a separate standing committee of the
Board or by the Board itself.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the GMO Funds can be identified, that it
may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be
necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve a GMO Funds goals,
that reports received by the Trustees with respect to risk management matters are typically
summaries of the relevant information, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to
address risks may be limited in their effectiveness. As a result of the foregoing and other
factors, risk management oversight by the Board and by the Committees is subject to substantial
limitations.
Committees
The Board of Trustees has the authority to establish committees, which may exercise the power and
authority of the Trustees to the extent the Board determines. The committees assist the Board
of Trustees in performing its functions and duties under the 1940 Act and Massachusetts law.
81
The Board of Trustees currently has established four standing committees: the Audit Committee, the
Pricing Committee, the Risk Oversight Committee, and the Governance Committee. During the fiscal
year ended February 28, 2011, the Audit Committee held 7 meetings; the Pricing Committee held 5
meetings; the Governance Committee held 7 meetings; and the Risk Oversight Committee held 2
meetings.
Audit Committee.
The Audit Committee (i) oversees the Trusts accounting and financial reporting
policies and practices and internal controls over financial reporting; (ii) oversees the quality
and objectivity of the Trusts financial statements and the independent audit of those statements;
(iii) appoints, determines the independence and compensation of, and oversees the work performed by
the Trusts independent auditors in preparing or issuing an audit report or related work; (iv)
approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the Trust, and certain other
persons by the Trusts independent auditors; and (v) acts as a liaison between the Trusts
independent auditors and the Board of Trustees. Mr. Braverman and Mr. Tufano are members of the
Audit Committee, and Mr. Glazer is an alternate member of the Audit Committee. Mr. Braverman is
the Chairman of the Audit Committee.
Pricing Committee.
The Pricing Committee oversees the valuation of the securities and other assets
held by the Funds, reviews and makes recommendations regarding the Trusts Pricing Policies, and,
to the extent required by the Trusts Pricing Policies, determines the fair value of the securities
or other assets held by the Funds. Mr. Tufano and Mr. Glazer are members of the Pricing Committee,
and Mr. Braverman is an alternate member of the Pricing Committee. Mr. Tufano is the Chairman of
the Pricing Committee.
Risk Oversight Committee.
The Risk Oversight Committee assists the Board in overseeing the
management of risks applicable to the Funds to the extent those risks are not overseen by another
standing committee of the Board or by the Board itself (e.g., financial reporting and audit-related
operational or compliance risks, which are overseen by the Audit Committee, valuation-related
operational or compliance risks, which are overseen by the Pricing Committee, or legal risks, which
are overseen by the Board as a whole) including, without limitation, investment, operational and
compliance risks. All of the Trustees are members of the Risk Oversight Committee, and Mr.
Kittredge is the Chairman of the Risk Oversight Committee.
Governance Committee.
The Governance Committee oversees general Fund governance-related matters,
including making recommendations to the Board of Trustees relating to governance of the Trust,
reviewing possible conflicts of interest and independence issues involving Trustees, considering
the skill sets and qualifications of prospective Trustees and to propose to the Board candidates to
serve as Trustees, overseeing the determination that any person serving as legal counsel for the
Independent Trustees qualifies as independent legal counsel, as that term is defined in the 1940
Act, and performing any other functions delegated to it by the Board of Trustees. Mr. Glazer and
Mr. Braverman are members of the Governance Committee, and Mr.
Tufano is an alternate member of the Governance Committee. Mr. Glazer is the Chairman of the
Governance Committee.
82
As described above under Information About Each Trustees Experience, Qualifications, Attributes
or Skills for Board Membership, the Governance Committee has responsibility for recommending to
the Board of Trustees the nomination of candidates for election as Trustees, including identifying,
and evaluating the skill sets and qualifications of, potential candidates. Prospective nominees may
be recommended by the current Trustees, the Trusts Officers, GMO, current shareholders or other
sources that the Governance Committee deems appropriate. Candidates properly submitted by
shareholders will be considered on the same basis as candidates recommended by other sources. The
Governance Committee has full discretion to reject nominees who are recommended by shareholders.
The Governance Committee considers a variety of qualifications, skills and other attributes in
evaluating potential candidates for nomination to the Board of Trustees. The attributes considered
may include, but are not limited to: (i) relevant industry and related experience, including
experience serving on other boards; (ii) skill sets, areas of expertise, abilities and judgment;
and (iii) availability and commitment to attend meetings and to perform the responsibilities of a
Trustee. In evaluating potential candidates, the Governance Committee also considers the overall
composition of the Board of Trustees and assesses the needs of the Board and its committees.
Shareholders may recommend nominees to the Board of Trustees by writing the Board of Trustees, c/o
GMO Trust Chief Compliance Officer, GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. A
recommendation must (i) be in writing and signed by the shareholder, (ii) identify the GMO Fund to
which it relates, and (iii) identify the class and number of shares held by the shareholder.
Trustee Fund Ownership
The following table sets forth ranges of the current Trustees direct beneficial share ownership in
the Fund and the aggregate dollar ranges of their direct beneficial share ownership in all GMO
Funds (including GMO Funds not offered in the Private Placement Memorandum) as of December 31,
2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares
|
|
|
|
|
Directly Owned in all Funds of the Trust
|
|
|
Dollar Range of
|
|
(whether or not offered in the Private
|
|
|
Shares Directly Owned in
|
|
Placement Memorandum) Overseen by
|
Name
|
|
the Fund *
|
|
Trustee*
|
Donald W. Glazer
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Tufano
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paul Braverman
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr.
|
|
None
|
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this SAI, and therefore, has
not yet offered any shares for sale as of this date.
|
83
The following table sets forth ranges of Mr. Glazers and Mr. Kittredges indirect beneficial
share ownership in the Fund and the aggregate dollar range of their indirect beneficial share
ownership in all GMO Funds (including GMO Funds not offered in the Private Placement Memorandum),
as of December 31, 2010, by virtue of their direct ownership of shares of certain GMO Funds (as
disclosed in the table immediately above) that invest in other GMO Funds and of other private
investment companies managed by the Manager that invest in GMO Funds.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of
|
|
|
|
|
Shares Indirectly Owned in all
|
|
|
|
|
Funds of the Trust (whether
|
|
|
Dollar Range of
|
|
or not offered in the Private
|
|
|
Shares Indirectly Owned
|
|
Placement Memorandum)
|
Name
|
|
in the Fund*
|
|
Overseen by Trustee*
|
Donald W. Glazer
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr.
|
|
None
|
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this SAI, and therefore, has
not yet offered any shares for sale as of this date.
|
Trustee Ownership of Securities Issued by the Manager or Principal Underwriter
None.
Trustee Ownership of Related Companies
The following table sets forth information about securities owned by the current Independent
Trustees and their family members, as of December 31, 2010, in the Manager, Funds Distributor, LLC,
the Funds principal underwriter, or entities directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or
under common control with the Manager or Funds Distributor, LLC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Non-
|
|
Owner(s) and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interested
|
|
Relationship
|
|
|
|
Title of
|
|
Value of
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
to Trustee
|
|
Company
|
|
Class
|
|
Securities
2
|
|
% of Class
|
Donald W. Glazer
|
|
Self
|
|
GMO Multi-Strategy Fund (Offshore), a private investment company managed by the Manager
1
|
|
Limited partnership interest Class A
|
|
$1, 092,661.10
|
|
|
0.032
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Tufano
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paul Braverman
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
The Manager may be deemed to control this fund by virtue of its serving as
investment manager of the fund and by virtue of its ownership of all the outstanding voting shares
of the fund as of December 31, 2010.
|
|
2
|
|
Securities valued as of December 31, 2010.
|
Remuneration.
The Trust has adopted a compensation policy for its Trustees. Each Trustee
receives an annual retainer from the Trust for his services. In addition, each Chairman of the
Trusts standing committees and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees receive an annual fee. Each
Trustee also is paid a fee for participating in in-person and telephone meetings of the Board
84
of
Trustees and its committees, and a fee for consideration of actions proposed to be taken by written
consent. The Trust pays no additional compensation for travel time to meetings, attendance at
directors educational seminars or conferences, service on industry or association committees,
participation as speakers at directors conferences, or service on special director task forces or
subcommittees, although the Trust does reimburse Trustees for seminar or conference fees and for
travel expenses incurred in connection with attendance at seminars or conferences. The Trustees do
not receive any employee benefits such as pension or retirement benefits or health insurance.
Other than as set forth in the following table, no Trustee of the Trust received any direct
compensation from the Trust or the Fund during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2011:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Person, Position
|
|
|
Donald W.
|
|
W. Nicholas
|
|
Peter
|
|
Paul
|
|
Joseph B.
|
|
|
Glazer, Esq.,
|
|
Thorndike,
|
|
Tufano,
|
|
Braverman,
|
|
Kittredge, Jr.,
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Trustee
1
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Trustee
2
|
|
Trustee
2
|
Compensation from the Fund:
|
|
$230
3
|
|
N/A
|
|
$190
3
|
|
$173
3
|
|
$0
3
|
Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses:
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement:
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
Total Compensation from the Trust:
|
|
$372,302
4
|
|
$251,479
4
|
|
$308,613
4
|
|
$280,116
4
|
|
$0
4
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Mr. Thorndike resigned as a Trustee effective December 2010 and no longer serves
as a Trustee of the Trust.
|
|
2
|
|
Reflects actual direct compensation received during the fiscal year ended February 28,
2011. Each of Paul Braverman and Joseph B. Kittredge, Jr. was elected as Trustee effective March
2010.
|
|
3
|
|
Reflects an estimate of the direct compensation to be paid to each Trustee for the
Funds initial fiscal year ending February 28, 2012. Actual direct compensation paid to the
Trustees will vary depending on the net assets of the Fund throughout its initial fiscal year.
|
|
4
|
|
Reflects actual direct compensation received during the fiscal year ended February 28,
2011 from GMO Funds that had commenced operations on or before February 28, 2011, including GMO
Funds that are not offered through the Private Placement Memorandum.
|
The Fund does not expect to pay any officer of the Trust aggregate compensation exceeding
$60,000 for the Funds initial fiscal year ending February 28, 2012.
Mr. Kittredge does not receive any compensation from the Trust, but as a member of the Manager will
benefit from management, shareholder servicing, administration, and any other fees paid to GMO and
its affiliates by the Funds and various other GMO Funds not offered through the Private Placement
Memorandum. The officers of the Trust do not receive any employee benefits such as pension or
retirement benefits or health insurance from the Trust.
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information, and therefore, has not yet offered any shares for sale. Therefore, as of the date
hereof, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding
shares of each class of shares of the Fund.
85
Code of Ethics.
The Trust and the Manager have each adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to the
requirements of the 1940 Act. Under the Code of Ethics, personnel are permitted to engage in
personal securities transactions only in accordance with specified conditions relating to their
position, the identity of the security, the timing of the transaction, and similar factors.
Transactions in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund are permitted, subject to
compliance with the Code. Personal securities transactions must be reported quarterly and broker
confirmations must be provided for review.
The non-interested Trustees of the Trust are subject to a separate Code of Ethics for the
Independent Trustees pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Transactions by the Independent
Trustees in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, are
permitted, subject to compliance with the Code of Ethics. Pursuant to the Code of Ethics, an
Independent Trustee ordinarily is not required to report his or her personal securities
transactions or to identify his or her brokerage accounts to the Fund or its representatives,
subject to certain limited exceptions specified in the Code of Ethics.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Management Contracts
As disclosed in the Private Placement Memorandum under the heading Management of the Trust, under
a Management Contract (the Management Contract) between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the
Manager, subject to such policies as the Trustees of the Trust may determine, the Manager furnishes
continuously an investment or asset allocation program, as applicable, for the Fund, and makes
investment decisions on behalf of the Fund and places all orders for the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities. Subject to the control of the Trustees, the Manager also manages,
supervises, and conducts the other affairs and business of the Trust, furnishes office space and
equipment, provides bookkeeping and certain clerical services, and pays all salaries, fees, and
expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust who are affiliated with the Manager. As indicated
under Portfolio Transactions Brokerage and Research Services, the Trusts portfolio
transactions may be placed with broker-dealers who furnish the Manager, at no cost, research,
statistical and quotation services of value to the Manager in advising the Trust or its other
clients.
In addition, as disclosed in the Private Placement Memorandum, the Manager has contractually agreed
to waive and/or reimburse the Fund for specified Fund expenses through at least June 30, 2012.
The Management Contract provides that the Manager shall not be subject to any liability in
connection with the performance of its services in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith,
gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties.
The Management Contract was approved by the Trustees of the Trust (including a majority of the
Trustees who were not interested persons of the Manager) and by the Funds sole initial
shareholder in connection with the organization of the Trust and the establishment of the Fund.
The Management Contract continues in effect for a period of two years from the date of its
86
execution and continuously thereafter so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by
(i) the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees
who are not interested persons of the Manager or the Trust, and by (ii) the majority vote of
either the full Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
The Management Contract automatically terminates on assignment, and is terminable on not more than
60 days notice by the Trust to the Manager. In addition, the Management Contract may be
terminated on not more than 60 days written notice by the Manager to the Trust.
The Management Fee is calculated based on a fixed percentage of the Funds average daily net
assets. The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information and, therefore, has not yet paid any Management Fees to the Manager as of this date.
In the event that the Manager ceases to be the manager of the Fund, the right of the Trust to use
the identifying name GMO may be withdrawn.
Portfolio Management
GMOs Asset Allocation Division is responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
The divisions investment professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no
one person is primarily responsible for day-to-day management of the Fund.
The following table sets forth information about accounts overseen or managed by the senior members
of the Asset Allocation Division as of February 28, 2011.
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Registered investment companies
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managed (including non-GMO
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Senior
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mutual fund subadvisory
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Other pooled investment
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Separate accounts managed
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Member
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relationships)
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vehicles managed (world-wide)
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(world-wide)
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Number of
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|
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|
Number of
|
|
|
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Number of
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|
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accounts
1
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Total assets
1,2
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accounts
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Total assets
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accounts
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Total assets
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Ben Inker
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13
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$
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16,656,974,983.87
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8
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$
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4,114,976,665.33
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217
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$
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16,449,645,730.73
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|
|
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Registered investment companies
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managed for which GMO
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Other pooled investment
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Separate accounts managed
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receives a performance-based fee
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vehicles managed (world-wide)
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(world-wide) for which GMO
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(including non-GMO mutual
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for which GMO receives a
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receives a performance-based
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fund subadvisory relationships)
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performance-based fee
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fee
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Number of
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|
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Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
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accounts
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Total assets
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accounts
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Total assets
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accounts
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Total assets
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Ben Inker
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0
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$0
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0
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$0
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151
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$
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11,543,918,225.41
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1
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Includes GMO Funds (including GMO Funds not offered through the Private Placement
Memorandum) that had commenced operations on or before February 28, 2011.
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2
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For some senior members, Total assets includes assets invested by other GMO Funds.
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87
Because the senior member manages other accounts, including accounts that pay higher fees or
accounts that pay performance-based fees, potential conflicts of interest exist, including
potential conflicts between the investment strategy of the Fund and the investment strategy of the
other accounts managed by the senior member and potential conflicts in the allocation of investment
opportunities between the Fund and the other accounts.
The senior member of the division is generally a member (partner) of GMO. As of February 28, 2011,
the compensation of the senior member consisted of a fixed annual base salary, a partnership
interest in the firms profits and, possibly, an additional, discretionary, bonus related to the
senior members contribution to GMOs success. The compensation program does not
disproportionately reward outperformance by higher fee/performance fee products. Base salary is
determined by taking into account current industry norms and market data to ensure that GMO pays a
competitive base salary. The level of partnership interest is determined by taking into account
the individuals contribution to GMO and its mission statement. A discretionary bonus may also be
paid to recognize specific business contributions and to ensure that the total level of
compensation is competitive with the market. Because each persons compensation is based on his or
her individual performance, GMO does not have a typical percentage split among base salary, bonus
and other compensation. A GMO membership interest is the primary incentive for persons to maintain
employment with GMO. GMO believes this is the best incentive to maintain stability of portfolio
management personnel.
Senior Member Fund Ownership.
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this
Statement of Additional Information, and therefore, has not yet offered any shares for sale.
Therefore, as of the date hereof, Ben Inker has not had any direct or indirect ownership of the
Fund.
Custodial Arrangements and Fund Accounting Agents
. As described in the Private Placement
Memorandum, State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street Bank), One Lincoln Street, Boston,
Massachusetts 02111, serves as the Funds custodian, fund accounting agent, and transfer agent. As
such, State Street Bank holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to the Fund
and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the
Fund. Upon instruction, State Street Bank receives and delivers cash and securities of the Fund in
connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with
respect to Fund portfolio securities. State Street Bank also maintains certain accounts and
records of the Trust and calculates the total net asset value, total net income and net asset value
per share of the Fund on a daily basis.
Shareholder Service Arrangements
. As disclosed in the Private Placement Memorandum, pursuant to the
terms of a single Servicing Agreement with the Fund, GMO provides direct client service,
maintenance, and reporting to shareholders of the Fund. The Servicing Agreement was approved by
the Trustees of the Trust (including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of
the Manager or the Trust). The Servicing Agreement will continue in effect for a period of more
than one year from the date of its execution only so long as its continuance is approved at least
annually by (i) the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose, of a majority of
those Trustees who are not interested persons of the Manager or the Trust, and (ii) the majority
vote of the full Board of Trustees. The Servicing Agreement
88
automatically terminates on assignment
(except as specifically provided in the Servicing Agreement) and is terminable by either party upon
not more than 60 days written notice to the other party.
The Trust entered into the Servicing Agreement with GMO on May 30, 1996. The Fund will commence
operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional Information and, therefore, has
not yet paid any amounts to GMO pursuant to the terms of the Servicing Agreement as of the date
hereof. Once the Fund commences operations, the Manager does not expect to receive shareholder
service fees for providing client services to the Fund. The Fund, however, indirectly bears the
shareholder service fees paid by the underlying Funds in which the Fund invests.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
. The Trusts independent registered public
accounting firm is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 125 High Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP conducts annual audits of the Trusts financial statements, assists in
the preparation of the Funds federal and state income tax returns, consults with the Trust as to
matters of accounting and federal and state income taxation, and provides assistance in connection
with the preparation of various SEC filings.
Counsel
. Ropes & Gray LLP, Prudential Tower, 800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199,
serves as counsel to the Trust. Bingham McCutchen LLP, 150 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts
02110, serves as independent counsel to the non-interested Trustees of the Trust.
Transfer Agent.
State Street Bank serves as the Trusts transfer agent on behalf of the Fund.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Decisions to buy and sell portfolio securities for the Fund and for each of its other investment
advisory clients are made by the Manager with a view to achieving each clients investment
objectives taking into consideration other account-specific factors such as, without limitation,
cash flows into or out of the account, current holdings, the accounts benchmark(s), applicable
regulatory limitations, liquidity, cash restrictions, applicable transaction documentation
requirements, market registration requirements and/or time constraints limiting the Managers
ability to confirm adequate transaction documentation or seek interpretation of investment
guideline ambiguities. Therefore, a particular security may be bought or sold only for certain
clients of the Manager even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same
time. Also, a particular security may be bought/sold for one or more clients when one or more
other clients are selling/buying the security or taking a short position in the security, including
clients invested in the same investment strategy.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Managers compliance policies and procedures and a
clients investment guidelines, the Manager may engage in cross trades where, as investment
manager to a client account, the Manager causes that client account to purchase a security directly
from (or sell a security directly to) another client account.
In certain cases, the Manager may identify investment opportunities that are suitable for the Fund
and one or more private investment companies for which the Manager or one of its affiliates
89
serves
as investment manager, general partner and/or managing member (GMO Private Funds). In most
cases, the Manager receives greater compensation in respect of a GMO Private Fund (including
incentive-based compensation) than it receives in respect of the Fund. In addition, senior members
or other portfolio managers frequently have a personal investment in a GMO Private Fund that is
greater than such persons investment in the Fund (or, in some cases, may have no investment in the
Fund). The Manager itself also makes investments in GMO Private Funds. To help manage these
potential conflicts, the Manager has developed and reviewed with the Trusts Board of Trustees
trade allocation policies that establish a framework for allocating initial public offerings
(IPOs) and other limited opportunities that takes into account the needs and objectives of the
Fund and the other GMO clients.
Transactions involving the issuance of Fund shares for securities or assets other than cash will be
limited to a bona fide reorganization or statutory merger and to other acquisitions of portfolio
securities that meet all of the following conditions: (i) such securities meet the investment
objective and policies of the Fund; (ii) such securities are acquired for investment and not for
resale; and (iii) such securities can be valued pursuant to the Trusts pricing policies.
Brokerage and Research Services
. In selecting brokers and dealers to effect portfolio transactions
for the Fund, the Manager seeks best execution. Best execution is not based solely on the explicit
commission charged by the broker/dealer and, consequently, a broker/dealer effecting a transaction
may be paid a commission higher than that charged by another broker/dealer for the same
transaction. Seeking best price and execution involves the weighing of qualitative as well as
quantitative factors and evaluations of best execution are, to a large extent, possible, if at all,
only after multiple trades have been completed. The Manager does
place trades with broker/dealers that provide investment ideas and other research services, even if
the relevant broker has not yet demonstrated an ability to effect best price and execution;
however, trading with such a broker (as with any and all brokers) will typically be curtailed or
suspended, in due course, if the Manager is not reasonably satisfied with the quality of particular
trade executions, unless or until the broker has altered its execution capabilities in such a way
that the Manager can reasonably conclude that the broker is capable of achieving best price and
execution.
The determination of what may constitute best price and execution involves a number of
considerations, including, without limitation, the overall net economic result to the Fund; the
efficiency with which the transaction is effected; access to order flow; the ability of the
executing broker/dealer to effect the transaction where a large block is involved; reliability
(e.g., lack of failed trades); availability of the broker/dealer to stand ready to execute possibly
difficult transactions in the future; technological capabilities of the broker/dealer; the
broker/dealers inventory of securities sought; the financial strength and stability of the
broker/dealer; and the relative weighting of opportunity costs (
i.e.
, timeliness of execution) by
different strategies. Additionally, regulations in certain markets, primarily emerging markets,
require the Manager to identify and trade with one or a limited number of brokers on behalf of
clients. In some instances, the Manager may utilize principal bids with consideration to such
factors as reported broker flow, past bids and a firms ability and willingness to commit capital.
Most of the foregoing are subjective considerations made in advance of the trade and are not always
borne out by the actual execution.
90
The Managers broker/dealer selection may, in addition to the factors listed above, also be based
on research services provided by the broker/dealer. In seeking best execution and in determining
the overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions, the Manager may consider research services
received by broker-dealers and therefore, may have an incentive to select or recommend a
broker-dealer based on the Managers interest in receiving the research or other products or
services, rather than on the lowest commission charged. The Manager may also direct trades to
broker/dealers based in part on the broker/dealers history of providing, and capability to
continue providing, pricing information for securities purchased. Best execution may be determined
for investment strategies without regard to client specific limitations.
Generally, the Manager determines the overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid upon
consideration of the relative merits of a number of factors, which may include: (i) the net
economic effect to the Fund; (ii) historical and current commission rates; (iii) the kind and
quality of the execution services rendered; (iv) the size and nature of the transactions effected;
and (v) research services received. These factors are considered mostly over multiple transactions
covering extended periods of time and are used to evaluate the relative performance of the brokers
and other institutions used to effect transactions for accounts. In some instances, the Manager may
evaluate best execution on principal bids based on the total commissions charged (the bid for
handling a trade as a principal trade) because the trades were filled at the price set at an agreed
upon time (e.g., previous nights close). In those cases, any additional impact or cost is
represented by the cents per share or basis points extra paid in addition to a typical commission
rate.
Because the Manager will frequently use broker/dealers that provide research in all markets and
that research is a factor in evaluating broker/dealers, the Manager relies on the statutory safe
harbor in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act).
However, the Manager does not participate in any formal soft dollar arrangements involving third
party research (i.e., research provided by someone other than the executing broker/dealer) or the
payment of any of the Managers out-of-pocket expenses. In all cases, the research services
received by the Manager are limited to the types of research contemplated by Section 28(e) of the
1934 Act. Research services provided by broker/dealers take various forms, including personal
interviews with analysts, written reports, pricing services in respect of securities, and meetings
arranged with various sources of information regarding particular issuers, industries, governmental
policies, specific information about local markets and applicable regulations, economic trends, and
other matters. To the extent that services of value are received by the Manager, the Manager may
avoid expenses which might otherwise be incurred. Such services furnished to the Manager may be
used in furnishing investment or other advice to all or some subset of the Managers clients,
including the Fund, and services received from a broker/dealer that executed transactions for the
Fund will not necessarily be used by the Manager specifically in servicing the Fund.
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information and, therefore, has not yet paid any amounts in brokerage commissions or acquired
securities of any brokers or dealers (as defined in the 1940 Act) or of their parents.
91
Due to restrictions under the 1940 Act, it is possible that, as the result of certain affiliations
between a broker/dealer or its affiliates and the Fund, the Manager or the Funds distributor, the
Fund may refrain, or be required to refrain, from engaging in principal trades with such
broker/dealer. Additionally, the Fund may be restricted in its ability to purchase securities
issued by affiliates of the Funds distributor.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Trust has adopted a proxy voting policy under which responsibility to vote proxies related to
its portfolio securities has been delegated to the Manager. The Board of Trustees of the Trust has
reviewed and approved the proxy voting policies and procedures the Manager follows when voting
proxies on behalf of the Fund. The Trusts proxy voting policy and the Managers proxy voting
policies and procedures are attached to this Statement of Additional Information as
Appendix
B
.
The Managers proxy voting policies on a particular issue may or may not reflect the views of
individual members of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or a majority of the Board of Trustees.
Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most
recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available on the Trusts website at www.gmo.com and on
the Securities and Exchange Commissions website at www.sec.gov no later than August 31 of each
year.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The policy of the Trust is to protect the confidentiality of the Funds portfolio holdings and to
prevent inappropriate selective disclosure of those holdings. The Board of Trustees has approved
this policy and material amendments require its approval.
Registered investment companies that are sub-advised by GMO may be subject to different portfolio
holdings disclosure policies, and neither GMO nor the Board of Trustees exercises control over
those policies. In addition, separate account clients of GMO have access to their portfolio
holdings and are not subject to the Funds portfolio holdings disclosure policies. Some of the
funds that are sub-advised by GMO and some of the separate accounts managed by GMO have
substantially similar investment objectives and strategies and, therefore, potentially similar
portfolio holdings.
Neither GMO nor the Fund will receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with
its disclosure of the Funds portfolio holdings.
GMO may disclose the Funds portfolio holdings (together with any other information from which the
Funds portfolio holdings could reasonably be derived, as reasonably determined by GMO) (the
Portfolio Holdings Information) to shareholders, qualified potential shareholders as determined
by GMO, and their consultants and agents (collectively, Permitted Recipients) by means of the GMO
website. The Funds Private Placement Memorandum describes the type of information disclosed on
GMOs website, as well as the frequency with which it is disclosed and
92
the lag between the date of
the information and the date of its disclosure. The largest fifteen holdings of some GMO Funds are
posted monthly on GMOs website and typically are available to shareholders without a
confidentiality agreement. In addition, from time to time position attribution information
regarding the Fund may be posted to GMOs website (e.g., best/worst performing positions in the
Fund over a specified time period). In response to market interest in specific issuers, the Funds
holdings in one or more issuers may be made available on a more frequent basis as circumstances
warrant. Typically, noconfidentiality agreement is needed to access this information.
GMO also may make Portfolio Holdings Information available to Permitted Recipients by email, or by
any other means in such scope and form and with such frequency as GMO may reasonably determine, no
earlier than the day next following the day on which the Portfolio Holdings Information is posted
on the GMO website (provided that the Funds Private Placement Memorandum describes the nature and
scope of the Portfolio Holdings Information that will be available on the GMO website, when the
information will be available and the period for which the information will remain available, and
the location on the Funds website where the information will be made available) or on the same day
as a publicly available, routine filing with the SEC that includes the Portfolio Holdings
Information.
GMO also may disclose portfolio holdings information to all shareholders of the Fund and their
consultants and agents from time-to-time. Such disclosure may be made by email, written notice or
any other means in such scope and form as GMO may reasonably determine, and will not be
subject to a confidentiality agreement and will not be required to be posted to GMOs website in
advance.
Except as otherwise noted, to receive Portfolio Holdings Information, Permitted Recipients must
enter into a confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that requires that the Portfolio
Holdings Information be used solely for purposes determined by senior management of GMO to be in
the best interest of the shareholders of the Fund.
In some cases, GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information that has not been
made available to Permitted Recipients on the GMO website or in a publicly available, routine
filing with the SEC. That disclosure may only be made if senior management of GMO determines that
it is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Fund. In addition, the third party
receiving the Portfolio Holdings Information must enter into a confidentiality agreement with GMO
and the Trust that requires that the Portfolio Holdings Information be used solely for purposes
determined by GMO senior management to be in the best interest of the Funds shareholders. GMO
will seek to monitor a recipients use of the Portfolio Holdings Information provided under these
agreements and, if the terms of the agreements are violated, terminate disclosure and take
appropriate action.
The procedures pursuant to which GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information
that has not been made available to Permitted Recipients do not apply to Portfolio Holdings
Information provided to entities who provide on-going services to the Fund in connection with its
day-to-day operations and management, including GMO, GMOs affiliates, the Funds custodian and
auditors, the Funds pricing service vendors, broker-dealers when requesting bids for or price
quotations on securities, brokers in the normal course of trading on
93
the Funds behalf, and persons
assisting the Fund in the voting of proxies. In addition, (i) when an investor indicates that it
wants to purchase shares of the Fund in exchange for securities acceptable to GMO, GMO may make
available a list of securities that it would be willing to accept for the Fund, and, from time to
time, the securities on the list may overlap with securities currently held by the Fund; and (ii)
when the Fund determines to pay redemption proceeds wholly or partly in-kind with securities, GMO
may make available a list of securities it intends to deliver from the Fund.
No provision of this policy is intended to restrict or prevent the disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
Information as may be required by applicable law, rules or regulations.
Senior management of GMO may authorize any exceptions to these procedures. Exceptions must be
disclosed to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust.
If senior management of GMO identifies a potential conflict with respect to the disclosure of
Portfolio Holdings Information between the interests of the Funds shareholders, on the one hand,
and GMO or an affiliated person of GMO or the Fund, on the other, GMO is required to inform the
Trusts Chief Compliance Officer of the potential conflict, and the Trusts Chief Compliance
Officer has the power to decide whether, in light of the potential conflict, disclosure should be
permitted under the circumstances. The Trusts Chief Compliance Officer also is required to report
his decision to the Board of Trustees.
GMO periodically reports the following information to the Board of Trustees:
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Determinations made by senior management of GMO relating to the use of Portfolio
Holdings Information by Permitted Recipients and third parties;
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The nature and scope of disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information to third parties;
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Exceptions to the disclosure policy authorized by senior management of GMO; and
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Any other information the Trustees may request relating to the disclosure of Portfolio
Holdings Information.
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Ongoing Arrangements To Make Portfolio Holdings Available
.
Senior management of GMO has authorized
disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going basis (generally, daily, except with
respect to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which receives holdings quarterly and as necessary in
connection with the services it provides to the Fund) to the following entities that provide
on-going services to the Fund in connection with its day-to-day operations and management, provided
that they agree or have a duty to maintain this information in confidence:
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Name of Recipient
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|
Purpose of Disclosure
|
|
|
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
|
|
Custodial services and compliance testing
|
|
|
|
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
|
|
Independent registered public accounting firm
|
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
Name of Recipient
|
|
Purpose of Disclosure
|
|
|
|
RiskMetrics Group
|
|
Corporate actions services
|
|
|
|
FactSet
|
|
Data service provider
|
Senior management of GMO has authorized disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an
on-going basis (daily) to the following recipients, provided that they agree or have a duty to
maintain this information in confidence and are limited to using the information for the specific
purpose for which it was provided:
|
|
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Name of Recipient
|
|
Purpose of Disclosure
|
|
|
|
Epstein & Associates, Inc.
|
|
Software provider for Code of Ethics monitoring system
|
|
|
|
Financial Models Company Inc.
|
|
Recordkeeping system
|
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
The Trust, an open-end management investment company, is organized as a Massachusetts business
trust under the laws of Massachusetts by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust (Declaration of
Trust) dated June 24, 1985, as amended and restated September 10, 2009, and as such Declaration of
Trust may be amended from time to time. A copy of the Declaration of Trust is on file with the
Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Trust operates as a series investment
company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, each of which is represented by
a separate series of shares of beneficial interest. The Fund is a series of the Trust. The fiscal
year for the Fund ends on the last day of February.
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have currently authorized the issuance of an
unlimited number of full and fractional shares of sixty-four series: Tobacco-Free Core Fund;
Quality Fund; Real Estate Fund; Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund; International Intrinsic Value Fund;
Currency Hedged International Equity Fund; Foreign Fund; Foreign Small Companies Fund;
International Small Companies Fund; Emerging Markets Fund; Emerging Countries Fund; Tax-Managed
International Equities Fund; Domestic Bond Fund; Core Plus Bond Fund; International Bond Fund;
Currency Hedged International Bond Fund; Global Bond Fund; Emerging Country Debt Fund;
Short-Duration Investment Fund; Alpha Only Fund; Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund; International
Equity Allocation Fund; Global Balanced Asset Allocation
Fund; Global Equity Allocation Fund; U.S. Equity Allocation Fund; Special Purpose Holding Fund;
Short-Duration Collateral Fund; Taiwan Fund; World Opportunity Overlay Fund; Alternative Asset
Opportunity Fund; Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund; World Opportunities Equity Allocation
Fund; Developed World Stock Fund; U.S. Growth Fund; International Core Equity Fund; International
Growth Equity Fund; U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund;
95
U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund; U.S. Small/Mid Cap
Value Fund; U.S. Core Equity Fund; Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund; Strategic Fixed Income
Fund; International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund; Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund; Special
Situations Fund; Flexible Equities Fund; U.S. Treasury Fund; Asset Allocation Bond Fund; Arlington
Fund; Berkeley Fund; Clarendon Fund; Dartmouth Fund; Exeter Fund; Fairfield Fund; Gloucester Fund;
Hereford Fund; Ipswich Fund; St. James Fund; Asset Allocation International Bond Fund; World
Opportunity Overlay Share Fund; Debt Opportunities Fund; High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund;
Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund; and Benchmark-Free Fund.
Interests in each portfolio (GMO Fund) are represented by shares of the corresponding series. Each
share of each series represents an equal proportionate interest, together with each other share, in
the corresponding GMO Fund. The shares of such series do not have any preemptive rights. Upon
liquidation of the GMO Fund, shareholders of the corresponding series are entitled to share pro
rata in the net assets of the GMO Fund available for distribution to shareholders. The Declaration
of Trust also permits the Trustees to charge shareholders directly for custodial, transfer agency,
and servicing expenses, but the Trustees have no present intention to make such charges.
The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees, without shareholder approval, to subdivide any
series of shares into various sub-series or classes of shares with such dividend preferences and
other rights as the Trustees may designate. This power is intended to allow the Trustees to
provide for an equitable allocation of the effect of any future regulatory requirements that might
affect various classes of shareholders differently. The Trustees have currently authorized the
establishment and designation of up to nine classes of shares for each series of the Trust: Class
I Shares, Class II Shares, Class III Shares, Class IV Shares, Class V Shares, Class VI Shares,
Class VII Shares, Class VIII Shares, and Class M Shares.
The Trustees may also, without shareholder approval, establish one or more additional separate
portfolios for investments in the Trust or merge two or more existing portfolios (i.e., a new
fund). Shareholders investments in such a portfolio would be evidenced by a separate series of
shares.
The Declaration of Trust provides for the perpetual existence of the Trust. The Trust, however, may
be terminated at any time by vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust.
While the Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees may also terminate the Trust upon
written notice to the shareholders, the 1940 Act requires that the Trust receive the authorization
of a majority of its outstanding shares in order to change the nature of its business so as to
cease to be an investment company.
Shareholders should be aware that to the extent a shareholders investment in the Fund exceeds
certain threshold amounts or percentages, the investment may constitute a reportable acquisition
under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act (HSR) and the shareholder may be required to make a corresponding
filing under HSR. HSR regulations are complex and shareholders should consult their legal advisers
about the precise HSR filing consequences of an investment in the Fund.
96
MULTIPLE CLASSES AND MINIMUM INVESTMENTS
The Manager makes all decisions relating to aggregation of accounts for purposes of determining
eligibility for the Fund or the various classes of shares offered by the Fund, as the case may be.
When making decisions regarding whether accounts should be aggregated because they are part of a
larger client relationship, the Manager considers several factors including, but not limited to,
whether: the multiple accounts are for one or more subsidiaries of the same parent company; the
multiple accounts have the same beneficial owner regardless of the legal form of ownership; the
investment mandate is the same or substantially similar across the relationship; the asset
allocation strategies are substantially similar across the relationship; GMO reports to the same
investment board; the consultant is the same for the entire relationship; GMO services the
relationship through a single GMO relationship manager; the relationships have substantially
similar reporting requirements; and/or the relationship can be serviced from a single geographic
location.
VOTING RIGHTS
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (with fractional votes for
fractional shares held) and to vote by individual GMO Fund (to the extent described below) in the
election of Trustees and the termination of the Trust and on other matters submitted to the vote of
shareholders. Shareholders vote by individual GMO Fund on all matters except (i) when required by
the 1940 Act, shares are voted in the aggregate and not by individual GMO Fund, and (ii) when the
Trustees have determined that the matter affects the interests of more than one GMO Fund, then
shareholders of the affected GMO Fund are entitled to vote. Shareholders of one GMO Fund are not
entitled to vote on matters exclusively affecting another GMO Fund including, without limitation,
such matters as the adoption of or change in the investment objectives, policies, or restrictions
of the other GMO Fund and the approval of the investment advisory contract of the other GMO Fund.
Shareholders of a particular class of shares do not have separate class voting rights except for
matters that affect only that class of shares and as otherwise required by law.
Normally the Trust does not hold meetings of shareholders to elect Trustees except in accordance
with the 1940 Act (i) the Trust will hold a shareholders meeting for the election of Trustees at
such time as less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders,
and (ii) if, as a result of a vacancy in the Board of Trustees, less than two-thirds of the
Trustees holding office have been elected by the shareholders, that vacancy may only be filled by a
vote of the shareholders. In addition, Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent
signed by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares and filed with the Trusts custodian
or by a vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for
that purpose, which meeting shall be held upon the written request of the holders
of not less than 10% of the outstanding shares. Upon written request by the holders of at least 1%
of the outstanding shares stating that such shareholders wish to communicate with the other
shareholders for the purpose of obtaining the signatures necessary to demand a meeting to consider
removal of a Trustee, the Trust has undertaken to provide a list of shareholders or to disseminate
appropriate materials (at the expense of the requesting shareholders). Except as set
97
forth above,
the Trustees will continue to hold office and may appoint successor Trustees. Voting rights are
not cumulative.
No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of a majority of
the outstanding shares of the Trust except (i) to change the Trusts name or to cure technical
problems in the Declaration of Trust and (ii) to establish, designate, or modify new and existing
series or sub-series of Trust shares or other provisions relating to Trust shares in response to
applicable laws or regulations.
SHAREHOLDER AND TRUSTEE LIABILITY
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under some circumstances, be held personally liable
for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder
liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of that disclaimer be given
in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees.
The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of all the property of the Fund for all
loss and expense of any shareholder of the Fund held personally liable for the obligations of the
Trust. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder
liability is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and the GMO Fund in
which the shareholder holds shares is unable to meet its obligations.
The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of
judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a
Trustee against any liability to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his office. The By-Laws of the Trust provide for indemnification by the Trust of the
Trustees and the officers of the Trust except for any matter as to which any such person did not
act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Trust. Trustees and officers may not be indemnified against any liability to the
Trust or the Trust shareholders to which they would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of their office.
BENEFICIAL OWNERS OF 5% OR MORE OF THE FUNDS SHARES
The Fund will commence operations on or following the date of this Statement of Additional
Information, and therefore, no shareholder owns beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares
of the Fund as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information.
98
Appendix A
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS
Commercial Paper Ratings
Standard & Poors
. Standard & Poors short-term ratings are generally assigned to those
obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means
obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days including commercial paper. The
following are excerpts from Standard & Poors short-term issue credit ratings definitions:
A-1 A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poors.
The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this
category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of
changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories.
However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However,
adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened
capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as having significant speculative
characteristics. Ratings of B-1, B-2, and B-3 may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions
within the B category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment
on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligors
inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B-1 A short-term obligation rated B-1 is regarded as having significant speculative
characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial
commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-2 A short-term obligation rated B-2 is regarded as having significant speculative
characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial
commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-3 A short-term obligation rated B-3 is regarded as having significant speculative
characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments
over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
C A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon
favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial
commitment on the obligation.
A-1
Appendix A
D A short-term obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used
when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date
due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poors believes that
such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the
filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are
jeopardized.
Moodys
.
Moodys short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term
financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs, or to individual
short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding 13
months, unless explicitly noted. The following are excerpts from Moodys short-term ratings
definitions:
P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay
short-term debt obligations.
P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay
short-term debt obligations.
P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay
short-term obligations.
NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime
rating categories.
Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most
long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.
Corporate Debt Ratings
Standard & Poors
. A Standard & Poors issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the
creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of
financial obligations, or a specific financial program. The following are excerpts from Standard &
Poors long-term issue credit ratings definitions:
AAA An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poors. The
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree.
The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
A-2
Appendix A
BBB An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse
economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the
obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having
significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the
highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics,
these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues.
However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or
economic conditions, which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial
commitment on the obligation.
B An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the
obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or
willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon
favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the
obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business,
financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its
financial commitment on the obligation.
CC An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C A C rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment,
obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of
an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced
a payment default. Among others, the C rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred
stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the
instruments terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby
some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other
instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D An obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments
on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if
the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments
will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a
bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
An obligations rating is lowered to D upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby
some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other
instruments having a total value that is less than par.
A-3
Appendix A
Plus (+) or Minus (-) The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus
(+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on
which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poors does not rate a particular obligation as a matter
of policy.
Moodys
.
Moodys long-term ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of financial
obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a
financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings use Moodys Global
Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of
default. The following are excerpts from Moodys long-term obligation ratings definitions:
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit
risk.
A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered
medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to
substantial credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high
credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with
some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class and are typically in default, with little
prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moodys appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from
Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic
rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a
ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
A-4
Appendix B
GMO TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICY
I. Statement of Policy
GMO Trust (the Trust) delegates the authority and responsibility to vote proxies related to
portfolio securities held by the series of the Trust (each, a Fund, and collectively, the
Funds) to Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, its investment adviser (the Adviser).
The Board of Trustees (the Board) of the Trust has reviewed and approved the use of the proxy
voting policies and procedures of the Adviser (Proxy Voting Procedures) on behalf of the
Funds when exercising voting authority on behalf of the Funds.
II. Standard
The Adviser shall vote proxies related to portfolio securities in the best interests of the Funds
and their shareholders. In the event of any conflicts of interest between the Adviser and the
Funds, the Adviser shall follow procedures that enable it to cause the proxy to be voted in the
best interests of the Funds and their shareholders, which may include (1) causing the proxy to be
voted pursuant to the recommendation of an independent third party, pursuant to pre-established
proxy voting guidelines, or (2) seeking instructions from the Board on the manner in which the
proxy should be voted.
III. Review of Proxy Voting Procedures
The Board shall periodically review the Proxy Voting Procedures presented by the Adviser.
The Adviser shall provide periodic reports to the Board regarding any proxy votes where a
material conflict of interest was identified except in circumstances where the Adviser caused
the proxy to be voted consistent with the recommendation of the independent third party.
The Adviser shall notify the Board promptly of any material change to its Proxy Voting
Procedures.
IV. Securities Lending
When the Fund lends its portfolio securities, the Adviser pursuant to the authority delegated
to it by the Fund retains an obligation with respect to voting proxies relating to such
securities. However, while such securities are on loan, the Fund will not have the right to
vote the proxies relating to those securities. As a result, the Fund will only loan its
portfolio securities pursuant to securities lending arrangements that permit the Fund to recall
a loaned security or to exercise voting rights associated with the security. However, the
Adviser generally will not arrange to have a security recalled or to exercise voting rights
associated with a security unless the Adviser both (1) receives adequate notice of a proposal
upon which shareholders are being asked to vote (which the Adviser often does not receive,
particularly in the case of non-U.S. issuers) and (2) the Adviser believes that the benefits to
the Fund of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the Fund of having the security
remain out on loan. The Adviser may use third-party service providers to assist it in
identifying and
evaluating proposals, and to assist it in recalling loaned securities for proxy voting
purposes.
B-1
Appendix B
V. Certain Non-U.S. Markets
In certain non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer may not be able
to trade in the issuers stock for a period of time around the shareholder meeting date. In
addition, there may be other costs or impediments to voting proxies in certain non-U.S. markets
(e.g., receiving adequate notice, arranging for a proxy, and re-registration requirements). In
non-U.S. markets with the foregoing attributes, the Adviser generally will determine not to
vote proxies unless it believes that the potential benefits to the Fund of voting outweigh the
impairment of portfolio management flexibility and the expected costs/impediments associated
with voting.
VI. Disclosure
The following disclosure shall be provided:
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A.
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The Funds proxy voting record shall annually be included in the Funds
Form N-PX.
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B.
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The Adviser shall cause the Fund to include the Trusts proxy voting
policies and procedures in the Trusts statement of additional information.
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C.
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The Funds shareholder report shall include a statement that a description
of the Funds proxy voting policies and procedures is available (i) without charge,
upon request, by calling a specified toll-free or collect telephone number; (ii) on
the Funds website, if applicable; and (iii) on the Commissions website at
http://www.sec.gov.
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D.
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The Trusts statement of additional information and the Funds shareholder
report shall include a statement that information regarding how the Fund voted
proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period
ended June 30 is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling a specified
toll-free or collect telephone number, or on or through the Funds website, or
both; and (ii) on the Commissions website at http://www.sec.gov.
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Adopted effective September 16, 2003, as revised March 11, 2010.
B-2
Appendix
B
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC
GMO AUSTRALASIA LLC
(TOGETHER GMO)
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Amended and Restated as of March 11, 2010
I.
Introduction and General Principles
GMO provides investment advisory services primarily to institutional, including both ERISA and
non-ERISA clients, and commercial clients. GMO understands that proxy voting is an integral aspect
of security ownership. Accordingly, in cases where GMO has been delegated authority to vote
proxies, that function must be conducted with the same degree of prudence and loyalty accorded any
fiduciary or other obligation of an investment manager.
This policy permits clients of GMO to: (1) delegate to GMO the responsibility and authority to vote
proxies on their behalf according to GMOs proxy voting polices and guidelines; (2) delegate to GMO
the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on their behalf according to the particular
clients own proxy voting policies and guidelines; or (3) elect to vote proxies themselves. In
instances where clients elect to vote their own proxies, GMO shall not be responsible for voting
proxies on behalf of such clients.
GMO believes that the following policies and procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that
proxy matters are conducted in the best interest of its clients, in accordance with GMOs fiduciary
duties, applicable rules under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and fiduciary standards and
responsibilities for ERISA clients set out in the Department of Labor interpretations.
II.
Proxy Voting Guidelines
GMO has engaged RiskMetrics Group, Inc. (RiskMetrics) as its proxy voting agent to:
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(1)
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research and make voting recommendations or, for matters for which GMO has so
delegated, to make the voting determinations;
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(2)
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ensure that proxies are voted and submitted in a timely manner;
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(3)
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handle other administrative functions of proxy voting;
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(4)
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maintain records of proxy statements received in connection with proxy votes
and provide copies of such proxy statements promptly upon request;
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(5)
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maintain records of votes cast; and
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(6)
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provide recommendations with respect to proxy voting matters in general.
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Proxies generally will be voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the
applicable domestic or global RiskMetrics Proxy Voting Manual, as in effect from time to time,
B-3
Appendix B
subject to such modifications as may be determined by GMO (as described below). Copies of concise
summaries of the current domestic and global RiskMetrics proxy voting guidelines are attached to
these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures as Exhibit A. To the extent GMO determines to adopt
proxy voting guidelines that differ from the RiskMetrics proxy voting recommendations, such
guidelines will be set forth on Exhibit B and proxies with respect to such matters will be voted in
accordance with the guidelines set forth on Exhibit B. GMO reserves the right to modify any of the
recommendations set forth in the RiskMetrics Proxy Voting Manual in the future. If any such
changes are made, an amended Exhibit B to these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures will be made
available for clients.
Except in instances where a GMO client retains voting authority, GMO will instruct custodians of
client accounts to forward all proxy statements and materials received in respect of client
accounts to RiskMetrics.
In certain non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer may not be able to
trade in the issuers stock for a period of time around the shareholder meeting date. In addition,
there may be other costs or impediments to voting proxies in certain non-U.S. markets (e.g.,
receiving adequate notice, arranging for a proxy, and re-registration requirements). In non-U.S.
markets with the foregoing attributes, GMO generally will determine to not vote proxies unless it
believes that the potential benefits of voting outweigh the impairment of portfolio management
flexibility and the expected costs/impediments associated with voting. In addition, if a portfolio
security is out on loan, GMO generally will not arrange to have the security recalled or to
exercise voting rights associated with the security unless GMO both (1) receives adequate notice of
a proposal upon which shareholders are being asked to vote (which GMO often does not receive,
particularly in the case of non-U.S. issuers) and (2) GMO believes that the benefits to the client
of voting on such proposal outweigh the benefits to the client of having the security remain out on
loan. GMO may use third-party service providers to assist it in identifying and evaluating
proposals, and to assist it in recalling loaned securities for proxy voting purposes.
III.
Proxy Voting Procedures
GMO has a Corporate Actions Group with responsibility for administering the proxy voting process,
including:
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1.
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Implementing and updating the applicable domestic and global RiskMetrics proxy
voting guidelines set forth in the RiskMetrics Proxy Voting Manual, as modified from
time to time by Exhibit B hereto;
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2.
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Overseeing the proxy voting process; and
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3.
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Providing periodic reports to GMOs Compliance Department and clients as
requested.
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There may be circumstances under which a portfolio manager or other GMO investment professional
(GMO Investment Professional) believes that it is in the best interest of a client or clients to
vote proxies in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II. In
such an event, the GMO Investment Professional will inform GMOs Corporate Actions Group of its
decision to vote such proxy in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting
B-4
Appendix B
guidelines described in Section II. GMOs Corporate Actions Group will report to GMOs Compliance
Department no less than quarterly any instance where a GMO Investment Professional has decided to
vote a proxy on behalf of a client in that manner.
IV.
Conflicts of Interest
As RiskMetrics will vote proxies in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines described in
Section II, GMO believes that this process is reasonably designed to address conflicts of interest
that may arise between GMO and a client as to how proxies are voted.
In instances where GMO has the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on behalf of its
clients for shares of GMO Trust, a registered mutual fund for which GMO serves as the investment
adviser, there may be instances where a conflict of interest exists. Accordingly, GMO will (i)
vote such proxies in the best interests of its clients with respect to routine matters, including
proxies relating to the election of Trustees; and (ii) with respect to matters where a conflict of
interest exists between GMO and GMO Trust, such as proxies relating to a new or amended investment
management contract between GMO Trust and GMO, or a re-organization of a series of GMO Trust, GMO
will either (a) vote such proxies in the same proportion as the votes cast with respect to that
proxy, or (b) seek instructions from its clients.
In addition, if GMO is aware that one of the following conditions exists with respect to a proxy,
GMO shall consider such event a potential material conflict of interest:
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1.
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GMO has a business relationship or potential relationship with the issuer;
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2.
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GMO has a business relationship with the proponent of the proxy proposal; or
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3.
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GMO members, employees or consultants have a personal or other business
relationship with the participants in the proxy contest, such as corporate directors or
director candidates.
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In the event of a potential material conflict of interest, GMO will (i) vote such proxy according
to Exhibit B (if applicable) or the specific recommendation of RiskMetrics; (ii) abstain; or (iii)
seek instructions from the client or request that the client votes such proxy. All such instances
shall be reported to GMOs Compliance Department at least quarterly.
V.
Recordkeeping
GMO will maintain records relating to the implementation of these proxy voting policies and
procedures, including:
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(1)
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a copy of these policies and procedures which shall be made available to
clients, upon request;
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(2)
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a record of each vote cast (which RiskMetrics maintains on GMOs behalf); and
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(3)
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each written client request for proxy records and GMOs written response to any
client request for such records.
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B-5
Appendix B
Such proxy voting records shall be maintained for a period of five years.
VI.
Reporting
GMOs Compliance Department will provide GMOs Conflict of Interest Committee with periodic reports
that include a summary of instances where GMO has (i) voted proxies in a manner inconsistent with
the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II, (ii) voted proxies in circumstances in which a
material conflict of interest may exist as set forth in Section IV, and (iii) voted proxies of
shares of GMO Trust on behalf of its clients.
VII.
Disclosure
Except as otherwise required by law, GMO has a general policy of not disclosing to any issuer or
third party how GMO or its voting delegate voted a clients proxy.
B-6
Appendix B
2011 U.S. Proxy Voting Guidelines Concise Summary
(Digest of Selected Key Guidelines)
January 3, 2011
Institutional Shareholder Services Inc.
Copyright © 2011 by ISS.
The policies contained herein are a sampling of select, key proxy voting guidelines and are not
exhaustive. A full listing of ISSs 2011 proxy voting guidelines can be found in the Jan. 15, 2011,
edition of the
U.S. Proxy Voting Manual
, and in the
2011 U.S. Proxy Voting Guidelines Summary.
www.issgovernance.com
B-7
Appendix B
Routine/Miscellaneous
Auditor Ratification
Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply:
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An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is
therefore not independent;
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|
There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an
opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the companys financial position;
|
|
|
|
|
Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a serious level of
concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in
Section 404 disclosures; or
|
|
|
|
|
Fees for non-audit services (Other fees) are excessive.
|
Non-audit fees are excessive if:
|
|
|
Non-audit (other) fees >audit fees + audit-related fees + tax
compliance/preparation fees
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Board of Directors
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
Votes on director nominees should be determined CASE-BY-CASE.
Four fundamental principles apply when determining votes on director nominees:
|
1.
|
|
Board Accountability
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Board Responsiveness
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Director Independence
|
|
|
4.
|
|
Director Competence
|
VOTE WITHHOLD/AGAINST
1
the entire board of directors (except new nominees
2
,
who should be considered CASE-BY-CASE), for the following:
Problematic Takeover Defenses:
|
1.1.
|
|
The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a
problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
In general, companies with a plurality vote
standard use Withhold as the valid contrary vote option in director
elections; companies with a majority vote standard use Against. However, it
will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid
contrary vote option for the particular company.
|
|
2
|
|
A new nominee is any current nominee who has
not already been elected by shareholders and who joined the board after the
problematic action in question transpired. If ISS cannot determine whether the
nominee joined the board before or after the problematic action transpired, the
nominee will be considered a new nominee if he or she joined the board within
the 12 months prior to the upcoming shareholder meeting.
|
B-8
Appendix B
|
|
|
withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election any or all
appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable;
|
|
|
1.2.
|
|
The board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor
performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one- and
three-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a companys four-digit GICS
industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the companys
five-year total shareholder return and five-year operational metrics. Problematic
provisions include but are not limited to:
|
|
|
|
A classified board structure;
|
|
|
|
|
A supermajority vote requirement;
|
|
|
|
|
Majority vote standard for director elections with no carve
out for contested elections;
|
|
|
|
|
The inability for shareholders to call special meetings;
|
|
|
|
|
The inability for shareholders to act by written consent;
|
|
|
|
|
A dual-class structure; and/or
|
|
|
|
|
A non-shareholder approved poison pill.
|
|
1.3.
|
|
The companys poison pill has a dead-hand or modified dead-hand feature.
Vote withhold/against every year until this feature is removed;
|
|
|
1.4.
|
|
The board adopts a poison pill with a term of more than 12 months (long-term
pill), or renews any existing pill, including any short-term pill (12 months or
less), without shareholder approval. A commitment or policy that puts a newly-adopted
pill to a binding shareholder vote may potentially offset an adverse vote
recommendation. Review such companies with classified boards every year, and such
companies with annually-elected boards at least once every three years, and vote
AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from all nominees if the company still maintains a
non-shareholder-approved poison pill. This policy applies to all companies adopting or
renewing pills after the announcement of this policy (Nov 19, 2009);
|
|
|
1.5.
|
|
The board makes a material adverse change to an existing poison pill without
shareholder approval.
|
|
|
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all nominees if:
|
|
1.6.
|
|
the board adopts a poison pill with a term of 12 months or less (short-term
pill) without shareholder approval, taking into account the following factors:
|
|
|
|
The date of the pills adoption relative to the date of the
next meeting of shareholders- i.e. whether the company had time to put the
pill on ballot for shareholder ratification given the circumstances;
|
|
|
|
|
The issuers rationale;
|
|
|
|
|
The issuers governance structure and practices; and
|
|
|
|
|
The issuers track record of accountability to shareholders.
|
Problematic Audit-Related Practice
Generally, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Audit Committee if:
|
1.7.
|
|
The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive (see discussion under
Auditor Ratification
);
|
|
|
1.8.
|
|
The company receives an adverse opinion on the companys financial statements
from its auditor; or
|
B-9
Appendix B
|
1.9.
|
|
There is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an
inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the
company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit
firm.
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on members of the Audit Committee and/or the full board if:
|
1.10.
|
|
Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a level of serious
concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in
Section 404 disclosures. Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence and
duration, as well as the companys efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in
determining whether WITHHOLD/AGAINST votes are warranted.
|
Problematic Compensation Practices
Vote WITHHOLD/AGAINST the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
|
1.11.
|
|
There is a negative correlation between chief executive pay and company
performance (see
Pay for Performance Policy
);
|
|
|
1.12.
|
|
The company reprices underwater options for stock, cash, or other
consideration without prior shareholder approval, even if allowed in the companys
equity plan;
|
|
|
1.13.
|
|
The company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a
shareholder vote;
|
|
|
1.14.
|
|
The company fails to fulfill the terms of a burn rate commitment made to
shareholders;
|
|
|
1.15.
|
|
The company has problematic pay practices. Problematic pay practices may
warrant withholding votes from the CEO and potentially the entire board as well.
|
Governance Failures
Under extraordinary circumstances, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors individually, committee
members, or the entire board, due to:
|
1.16.
|
|
Material failures of governance, stewardship, or fiduciary responsibilities
at the company;
|
|
|
1.17.
|
|
Failure to replace management as appropriate; or
|
|
|
1.18.
|
|
Egregious actions related to the director(s) service on other boards that
raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and
serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.
|
Vote WITHHOLD/AGAINST the entire board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered
CASE-BY-CASE), if:
|
2.1.
|
|
The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval by a
majority of the shares outstanding the previous year; or
|
|
|
2.2.
|
|
The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval of
the majority of shares cast in the last year and one of the two previous years.
|
|
|
2.3.
|
|
The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of the
shareholders tendered their shares; or
|
|
|
2.4.
|
|
At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent
|
B-10
Appendix B
|
|
|
withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the
issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote.
|
Vote WITHHOLD/AGAINST Inside Directors and Affiliated Outside Directors (per the
Categorization
of Directors
) when:
|
3.1.
|
|
The inside or affiliated outside director serves on any of the three key
committees: audit, compensation, or nominating;
|
|
|
3.2.
|
|
The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the
full board functions as that committee;
|
|
|
3.3.
|
|
The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the board attests
that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee; or
|
|
|
3.4.
|
|
The full board is less than majority independent.
|
VOTE WITHHOLD/AGAINST the entire board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered
CASE-BY-CASE), if:
|
4.1.
|
|
The companys proxy indicates that not all directors attended 75 percent of
the aggregate board and committee meetings, but fails to provide the required
disclosure of the names of the director(s) involved.
|
Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors who:
|
4.2.
|
|
Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings (with the
exception of new nominees). Acceptable reasons for director(s) absences are generally
limited to the following:
|
|
|
|
Medical issues/illness;
|
|
|
|
|
Family emergencies; and
|
|
|
|
|
If the directors total service was three meetings or fewer
and the director missed only one meeting.
|
|
|
|
These reasons for directors absences will only be considered by ISS if disclosed in
the proxy or another SEC filing. If the disclosure is insufficient to determine
whether a director attended at least 75 percent of board and committee meetings in
aggregate, vote AGAINST/WITHHOLD from the director.
|
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors who:
|
4.3.
|
|
Sit on more than six public company boards; or
|
|
|
4.4.
|
|
Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public
companies besides their own withhold only at their outside boards.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following
factors:
B-11
Appendix B
|
|
|
Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its
industry;
|
|
|
|
|
Managements track record;
|
|
|
|
|
Background to the proxy contest;
|
|
|
|
|
Qualifications of director nominees (both slates);
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management;
|
|
|
|
|
Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both
slates);
|
|
|
|
|
Stock ownership positions.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Independent Chair (Separate Chair/CEO)
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that the chairmans position be filled by an
independent director, unless the company satisfies all of the following criteria:
The company maintains the following counterbalancing governance structure:
|
|
|
Designated lead director, elected by and from the independent board members
with clearly delineated and comprehensive duties. (The role may alternatively reside with a
presiding director, vice chairman, or rotating lead director; however the director must
serve a minimum of one year in order to qualify as a lead director.) The duties should
include, but are not limited to, the following:
|
|
o
|
|
presides at all meetings of the board at which the chairman is not
present, including executive sessions of the independent directors;
|
|
|
o
|
|
serves as liaison between the chairman and the independent directors;
|
|
|
o
|
|
approves information sent to the board;
|
|
|
o
|
|
approves meeting agendas for the board;
|
|
|
o
|
|
approves meeting schedules to assure that there is sufficient time for
discussion of all agenda items;
|
|
|
o
|
|
has the authority to call meetings of the independent directors;
|
|
|
o
|
|
if requested by major shareholders, ensures that he is available for
consultation and direct communication;
|
|
|
|
Two-thirds independent board;
|
|
|
|
|
All independent key committees;
|
|
|
|
|
Established governance guidelines;
|
|
|
|
|
A company in the Russell 3000 universe must not have exhibited sustained poor
total shareholder return (TSR) performance, defined as one- and three-year TSR in the
bottom half of the companys four-digit GICS industry group (using Russell 3000 companies
only), unless there has been a change in the Chairman/CEO position within that time. For
companies not in the Russell 3000 universe, the company must not have underperformed both
its peers and index on the basis of both one-year and three-year total shareholder returns,
unless there has been a change in the Chairman/CEO position within that time;
|
|
|
|
|
The company does not have any problematic governance or management issues,
examples of which include, but are not limited to:
|
|
o
|
|
Egregious compensation practices;
|
|
|
o
|
|
Multiple related-party transactions or other issues putting director
independence at risk;
|
|
|
o
|
|
Corporate and/or management scandals;
|
B-12
Appendix B
|
o
|
|
Excessive problematic corporate governance provisions; or
|
|
|
o
|
|
Flagrant actions by management or the board with potential or realized
negative impacts on shareholders.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Shareholder Rights & Defenses
Net Operating Loss (NOL) Protective Amendments
Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt a protective amendment for the stated purpose of protecting a
companys net operating losses (NOLs) if the effective term of the protective amendment would
exceed the shorter of three years and the exhaustion of the NOL.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE, considering the following factors, for management proposals to adopt an NOL
protective amendment that would remain in effect for the shorter of three years (or less) and the
exhaustion of the NOL:
|
|
|
The ownership threshold (NOL protective amendments generally prohibit stock
ownership transfers that would result in a new 5-percent holder or increase the stock
ownership percentage of an existing 5-percent holder);
|
|
|
|
|
The value of the NOLs;
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision or commitment to cause
expiration of the protective amendment upon exhaustion or expiration of the NOL);
|
|
|
|
|
The companys existing governance structure including: board independence,
existing takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders, and any other
problematic governance concerns; and
|
|
|
|
|
Any other factors that may be applicable.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Poison Pills Management Proposals to Ratify Poison Pill
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of
the shareholder rights plan. Rights plans should contain the following attributes:
|
|
|
No lower than a 20% trigger, flip-in or flip-over;
|
|
|
|
|
A term of no more than three years;
|
|
|
|
|
No dead-hand, slow-hand, no-hand or similar feature that limits the ability of
a future board to redeem the pill;
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause); if the board refuses
to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced, 10 percent of the shares
may call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill.
|
In addition, the rationale for adopting the pill should be thoroughly explained by the company. In
examining the request for the pill, take into consideration the companys existing governance
structure, including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, and any problematic
governance concerns.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
B-13
Appendix B
Poison Pills Management Proposals to Ratify a Pill to Preserve Net Operating Losses (NOLs)
Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt a poison pill for the stated purpose of protecting a companys net
operating losses (NOLs) if the term of the pill would exceed the shorter of three years and the
exhaustion of the NOL.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on management proposals for poison pill ratification, considering the following
factors, if the term of the pill would be the shorter of three years (or less) and the exhaustion
of the NOL:
|
|
|
The ownership threshold to transfer (NOL pills generally have a trigger
slightly below 5 percent);
|
|
|
|
|
The value of the NOLs;
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision, or commitment to cause
expiration of the pill upon exhaustion or expiration of NOLs;
|
|
|
|
|
The companys existing governance structure including: board independence,
existing takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders, and any other
problematic governance concerns; and
|
|
|
|
|
Any other factors that may be applicable.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Generally vote AGAINST management and shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders
ability to act by written consent.
Generally vote FOR management and shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability
to act by written consent, taking into account the following factors:
|
|
|
Shareholders current right to act by written consent;
|
|
|
|
|
The consent threshold;
|
|
|
|
|
The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language;
|
|
|
|
|
Investor ownership structure; and
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholder support of, and managements response to, previous shareholder
proposals.
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals if, in addition to the considerations above, the company
has the following governance and antitakeover provisions:
|
|
|
An unfettered
3
right for shareholders to call special meetings at a
10 percent threshold;
|
|
|
|
|
A majority vote standard in uncontested director elections;
|
|
|
|
|
No non-shareholder-approved pill; and
|
|
|
|
|
An annually elected board.
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Unfettered means no restrictions on agenda
items, no restrictions on the number of shareholders who can group together to
reach the 10 percent threshold, and only reasonable limits on when a meeting
can be called: no greater than 30 days after the last annual meeting and no
greater than 90 prior to the next annual meeting.
|
B-14
Appendix B
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings
Vote AGAINST management or shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders ability to
call special meetings.
Generally vote FOR management or shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability
to call special meetings taking into account the following factors:
|
|
|
Shareholders current right to call special meetings;
|
|
|
|
|
Minimum ownership threshold necessary to call special meetings (10%
preferred);
|
|
|
|
|
The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language;
|
|
|
|
|
Investor ownership structure; and
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholder support of, and managements response to, previous shareholder
proposals.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
CAPITAL/RESTRUCTURING
Common Stock Authorization
Vote FOR proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares where the primary purpose of
the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants
support.
Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class of common stock to increase the number
of authorized shares of the class of common stock that has superior voting rights.
Vote AGAINST proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares if a vote for a reverse
stock split on the same ballot is warranted despite the fact that the authorized shares would not
be reduced proportionally.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock
authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the
following:
|
|
|
Past Board Performance:
|
|
o
|
|
The companys use of authorized shares during the last three years
|
|
o
|
|
Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes of the
proposed increase;
|
|
|
o
|
|
Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to
shareholders of not approving the request; and
|
|
|
o
|
|
The dilutive impact of the request as determined by an allowable
increase calculated by ISS (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that
reflects the companys need for shares and total shareholder returns.
|
B-15
Appendix B
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Preferred Stock Authorization
Vote FOR proposals to increase the number of authorized preferred shares where the primary purpose
of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that
warrants support.
Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class or series of preferred stock to
increase the number of authorized shares of the class or series of preferred stock that has
superior voting rights.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of preferred stock
authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the
following:
|
|
|
Past Board Performance:
|
|
o
|
|
The companys use of authorized preferred shares during the last three years;
|
|
o
|
|
Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes for the
proposed increase;
|
|
|
o
|
|
Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to
shareholders of not approving the request;
|
|
|
o
|
|
In cases where the company has existing authorized preferred stock, the
dilutive impact of the request as determined by an allowable increase calculated by
ISS (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects the companys
need for shares and total shareholder returns; and
|
|
|
o
|
|
Whether the shares requested are blank check preferred shares that can
be used for antitakeover purposes.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Mergers and Acquisitions
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the
proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:
|
|
|
Valuation
Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by
the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point
for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market
reaction and strategic rationale.
|
|
|
|
|
Market reaction
How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A
negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal.
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic rationale
Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is
the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or
optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record
of successful integration of historical acquisitions.
|
B-16
Appendix B
|
|
|
Negotiations and process
Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at
arms-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best
price for shareholders. Significant negotiation wins can also signify the deal makers
competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial
auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value.
|
|
|
|
|
Conflicts of interest
Are insiders benefiting from the transaction
disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the
result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely
to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether
these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend
the merger. The CIC figure presented in the ISS Transaction Summary section of this
report is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the
true value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be
excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict
exists.
|
|
|
|
|
Governance
Will the combined company have a better or worse governance
profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction?
If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove
that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
COMPENSATION
Executive Pay Evaluation
Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to
adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:
|
1.
|
|
Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term
shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which
must be designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who
drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration,
among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and
variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs.
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Avoid arrangements that risk pay for failure: This principle addresses the
appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and
guaranteed compensation;
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee: This principle
promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills,
knowledge, experience, and a sound process for compensation decision-making (e.g.,
including access to independent expertise and advice when needed);
|
|
|
4.
|
|
Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This
principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that enable
shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly;
|
|
|
5.
|
|
Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes
the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors does
not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in
overseeing managers pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a
variety of generally accepted best practices.
|
B-17
Appendix B
Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation- Management Proposals (Management Say-on-Pay)
Evaluate executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation
CASE-BY-CASE.
Vote AGAINST management say on pay (MSOP) proposals, AGAINST/WITHHOLD on compensation committee
members (or, in rare cases where the full board is deemed responsible, all directors including the
CEO), and/or AGAINST an equity-based incentive plan proposal if:
|
|
|
There is a misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for
performance);
|
|
|
|
|
The company maintains problematic pay practices;
|
|
|
|
|
The board exhibits poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders.
|
Voting Alternatives
In general, the management say on pay (MSOP) ballot item is the primary focus of voting on
executive pay practices dissatisfaction with compensation practices can be expressed by voting
against MSOP rather than withholding or voting against the compensation committee. However, if
there is no MSOP on the ballot, then the negative vote will apply to members of the compensation
committee. In addition, in egregious cases, or if the board fails to respond to concerns raised by
a prior MSOP proposal, then vote withhold or against compensation committee members (or, if the
full board is deemed accountable, all directors). If the negative factors involve equity-based
compensation, then vote AGAINST an equity-based plan proposal presented for shareholder approval.
Additional CASE-BY-CASE considerations for the management say on pay (MSOP) proposals
:
|
|
|
Evaluation of performance metrics in short-term and long-term plans, as
discussed and explained in the Compensation Discussion & Analysis (CD&A). Consider the
measures, goals, and target awards reported by the company for executives short- and
long-term incentive awards: disclosure, explanation of their alignment with the companys
business strategy, and whether goals appear to be sufficiently challenging in relation to
resulting payouts;
|
|
|
|
|
Evaluation of peer group benchmarking used to set target pay or award
opportunities. Consider the rationale stated by the company for constituents in its pay
benchmarking peer group, as well as the benchmark targets it uses to set or validate
executives pay (e.g., median, 75th percentile, etc.,) to ascertain whether the
benchmarking process is sound or may result in pay ratcheting due to inappropriate peer
group constituents (e.g., much larger companies) or targeting (e.g., above median); and
|
|
|
|
|
Balance of performance-based versus non-performance-based pay. Consider the
ratio of performance-based (not including plain vanilla stock options) vs.
non-performance-based pay elements reported for the CEOs latest reported fiscal year
compensation, especially in conjunction with concerns about other factors such as
performance metrics/goals, benchmarking practices, and pay-for-performance disconnects.
|
B-18
Appendix B
Primary Evaluation Factors for Executive Pay
Pay for Performance
Evaluate the alignment of the CEOs pay with performance over time, focusing particularly on
companies that have underperformed their peers over a sustained period. From a shareholders
perspective, performance is predominantly gauged by the companys stock performance over time. Even
when financial or operational measures are utilized in incentive awards, the achievement related to
these measures should ultimately translate into superior shareholder returns in the long-term.
Focus on companies with sustained underperformance relative to peers, considering the following key
factors:
|
|
|
Whether a companys one-year and three-year total shareholder returns (TSR)
are in the bottom half of its industry group (i.e., four-digit GICS Global Industry
Classification Group); and
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the total compensation of a CEO who has served at least two
consecutive fiscal years is aligned with the companys total shareholder return over time,
including both recent and long-term periods.
|
If a company falls in the bottom half of its four-digit GICS, further analysis of the CD&A is
required to better understand the various pay elements and whether they create or reinforce
shareholder alignment. Also assess the CEOs pay relative to the companys TSR over a time horizon
of at least five years. The most recent year-over-year increase or decrease in pay remains a key
consideration, but there will be additional emphasis on the long term trend of CEO total
compensation relative to shareholder return. Also consider the mix of performance-based
compensation relative to total compensation. In general, standard stock options or time-vested
restricted stock are not considered to be performance-based. If a company provides
performance-based incentives to its executives, the company is highly encouraged to provide the
complete disclosure of the performance measure and goals (hurdle rate) so that shareholders can
assess the rigor of the performance program. The use of non-GAAP financial metrics also makes it
very challenging for shareholders to ascertain the rigor of the program as shareholders often
cannot tell the type of adjustments being made and if the adjustments were made consistently.
Complete and transparent disclosure helps shareholders to better understand the companys pay for
performance linkage.
Problematic Pay Practices
If the company maintains problematic pay practices, generally vote:
|
|
|
AGAINST management say on pay (MSOP) proposals;
|
|
|
|
|
AGAINST/WITHHOLD on compensation committee members (or in rare cases where the
full board is deemed responsible, all directors including the CEO):
|
|
o
|
|
In egregious situations;
|
|
|
o
|
|
When no MSOP item is on the ballot; or
|
|
|
o
|
|
When the board has failed to respond to concerns raised in prior MSOP
evaluations; and/or
|
|
|
|
AGAINST an equity incentive plan proposal if excessive non-performance-based
equity awards are the major contributors to a pay-for-performance misalignment.
|
B-19
Appendix B
The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles,
including:
|
|
|
Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements;
|
|
|
|
|
Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking; and
|
|
|
|
|
Options Backdating.
|
Problematic Pay Practices related to Non-Performance-Based Compensation Elements
Pay elements that are not directly based on performance are generally evaluated CASE-BY-CASE
considering the context of a companys overall pay program and demonstrated pay-for-performance
philosophy. Please refer to ISS Compensation FAQ document for detail on specific pay practices
that have been identified as potentially problematic and may lead to negative recommendations if
they are deemed to be inappropriate or unjustified relative to executive pay best practices. The
list below highlights the problematic practices that carry significant weight in this overall
consideration and may result in adverse vote recommendations:
|
|
|
Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/SARS without prior
shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender of underwater
options);
|
|
|
|
|
Excessive perquisites or tax gross-ups, including any gross-up related to a
secular trust or restricted stock vesting;
|
|
|
|
|
New or extended agreements that provide for:
|
|
o
|
|
CIC payments exceeding 3 times base salary and average/target/most
recent bonus;
|
|
|
o
|
|
CIC severance payments without involuntary job loss or substantial
diminution of duties (single or modified single triggers);
|
|
|
o
|
|
CIC payments with excise tax gross-ups (including modified gross-ups).
|
Incentives that may Motivate Excessive Risk-Taking
Assess company policies and disclosure related to compensation that could incentivize excessive
risk-taking, for example:
|
|
|
Multi-year guaranteed bonuses;
|
|
|
|
|
A single performance metric used for short- and long-term plans;
|
|
|
|
|
Lucrative severance packages;
|
|
|
|
|
High pay opportunities relative to industry peers;
|
|
|
|
|
Disproportionate supplemental pensions; or
|
|
|
|
|
Mega annual equity grants that provide unlimited upside with no downside risk.
|
Factors that potentially mitigate the impact of risky incentives include rigorous claw-back
provisions and robust stock ownership/holding guidelines.
Options Backdating
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on options backdating issues. Generally, when a company has
recently
practiced options backdating, WITHHOLD from or vote AGAINST the compensation committee, depending
on the severity of the practices and the subsequent corrective actions on the part of the board.
When deciding on votes on compensation committee members who oversaw questionable options grant
practices or current compensation committee members who fail to
B-20
Appendix B
respond to the issue proactively, consider several factors, including, but not limited to, the
following:
|
|
|
Reason and motive for the options backdating issue, such as inadvertent vs.
deliberate grant date changes;
|
|
|
|
|
Duration of options backdating;
|
|
|
|
|
Size of restatement due to options backdating;
|
|
|
|
|
Corrective actions taken by the board or compensation committee, such as
canceling or re-pricing backdated options, the recouping of option gains on backdated
grants; and
|
|
|
|
|
Adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating, and creates a fixed
grant schedule or window period for equity grants in the future.
|
A CASE-BY-CASE analysis approach allows distinctions to be made between companies that had sloppy
plan administration versus those that acted deliberately and/or committed fraud, as well as those
companies that subsequently took corrective action. Cases where companies have committed fraud are
considered most egregious.
Board Communications and Responsiveness
Consider the following factors CASE-BY-CASE when evaluating ballot items related to executive pay:
|
|
|
Poor disclosure practices, including:
|
|
o
|
|
Unclear explanation of how the CEO is involved in the pay setting process;
|
|
|
o
|
|
Retrospective performance targets and methodology not discussed;
|
|
|
o
|
|
Methodology for benchmarking practices and/or peer group not disclosed and
explained.
|
|
|
|
Boards responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation
issues, for example:
|
|
o
|
|
Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on
executive pay topics; or
|
|
|
o
|
|
Failure to respond to concerns raised in connection with significant
opposition to MSOP proposals.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Frequency of Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Management Say on Pay)
Vote FOR annual advisory votes on compensation, which provide the most consistent and clear
communication channel for shareholder concerns about companies executive pay programs.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Voting on Golden Parachutes in an Acquisition, Merger, Consolidation, or Proposed Sale
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to approve the companys golden parachute compensation, consistent
with ISS policies on problematic pay practices related to severance packages. Features that may
lead to a vote AGAINST include:
|
|
|
Recently adopted or materially amended agreements that include excise tax
gross-up provisions (since prior annual meeting);
|
B-21
Appendix B
|
|
|
Recently adopted or materially amended agreements that include modified single
triggers (since prior annual meeting);
|
|
|
|
|
Single trigger payments that will happen immediately upon a change in control,
including cash payment and such items as the acceleration of performance-based equity
despite the failure to achieve performance measures;
|
|
|
|
|
Single-trigger vesting of equity based on a definition of change in control
that requires only shareholder approval of the transaction (rather than consummation);
|
|
|
|
|
Potentially excessive severance payments;
|
|
|
|
|
Recent amendments or other changes that may make packages so attractive as to
influence merger agreements that may not be in the best interests of shareholders;
|
|
|
|
|
In the case of a substantial gross-up from pre-existing/grandfathered
contract: the element that triggered the gross-up (i.e., option mega-grants at low point in
stock price, unusual or outsized payments in cash or equity made or negotiated prior to the
merger); or
|
|
|
|
|
The companys assertion that a proposed transaction is conditioned on
shareholder approval of the golden parachute advisory vote. ISS would view this as
problematic from a corporate governance perspective.
|
In cases where the golden parachute vote is incorporated into a companys separate advisory vote on
compensation (management say on pay), ISS will evaluate the say on pay proposal in accordance
with these guidelines, which may give higher weight to that component of the overall evaluation.
Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on equity-based compensation plans. Vote AGAINST the equity plan if any of the
following factors apply:
|
|
|
The total cost of the companys equity plans is unreasonable;
|
|
|
|
|
The plan expressly permits the repricing of stock options/stock appreciate
rights (SARs) without prior shareholder approval;
|
|
|
|
|
The CEO is a participant in the proposed equity-based compensation plan and
there is a disconnect between CEO pay and the companys performance where over 50 percent
of the year-over-year increase is attributed to equity awards (see Pay-for-Performance);
|
|
|
|
|
The companys three year burn rate exceeds the greater of 2% or the mean plus
one standard deviation of its industry group but no more than two percentage points (+/-)
from the prior-year industry group cap;
|
|
|
|
|
Liberal Change of Control Definition: The plan provides for the acceleration
of vesting of equity awards even though an actual change in control may not occur (e.g.,
upon shareholder approval of a transaction or the announcement of a tender offer); or
|
|
|
|
|
The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Shareholder Proposals on Compensation
Golden Coffins/Executive Death Benefits
Generally vote FOR proposals calling companies to adopt a policy of obtaining shareholder approval
for any future agreements and corporate policies that could oblige the company to
B-22
Appendix B
make payments or awards following the death of a senior executive in the form of unearned salary or
bonuses, accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites
and other payments or awards made in lieu of compensation. This would not apply to any benefit
programs or equity plan proposals that the broad-based employee population is eligible.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Hold Equity Past Retirement or for a Significant Period of Time
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to adopt policies requiring senior
executive officers to retain all or a significant portion of the shares acquired through
compensation plans, either:
|
|
|
while employed and/or for two years following the termination of their
employment ; or
|
|
|
|
|
for a substantial period following the lapse of all other vesting requirements
for the award (lock-up period), with ratable release of a portion of the shares annually
during the lock-up period.
|
The following factors will be taken into account:
|
|
|
Whether the company has any holding period, retention ratio, or officer
ownership requirements in place. These should consist of:
|
|
o
|
|
Rigorous stock ownership guidelines;
|
|
|
o
|
|
A holding period requirement coupled with a significant long-term
ownership requirement; or
|
|
|
o
|
|
A meaningful retention ratio;
|
|
|
|
Actual officer stock ownership and the degree to which it meets or exceeds the
proponents suggested holding period/retention ratio or the companys own stock ownership
or retention requirements;
|
|
|
|
|
Post-termination holding requirement policies or any policies aimed at
mitigating risk taking by senior executives;
|
|
|
|
|
Problematic pay practices, current and past, which may promote a short-term
versus a long-term focus.
|
A rigorous stock ownership guideline should be at least 10x base salary for the CEO, with the
multiple declining for other executives. A meaningful retention ratio should constitute at least 50
percent of the stock received from equity awards (on a net proceeds basis) held on a long-term
basis, such as the executives tenure with the company or even a few years past the executives
termination with the company.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to adopt policies requiring Named
Executive Officers to retain 75% of the shares acquired through compensation plans while employed
and/or for two years following the termination of their employment, and to report to shareholders
regarding this policy. The following factors will be taken into account:
|
|
|
Whether the company has any holding period, retention ratio, or officer
ownership requirements in place. These should consist of:
|
|
o
|
|
Rigorous stock ownership guidelines, or
|
B-23
Appendix B
|
o
|
|
A holding period requirement coupled with a significant long-term
ownership requirement, or
|
|
|
o
|
|
A meaningful retention ratio,
|
|
|
|
Actual officer stock ownership and the degree to which it meets or exceeds the
proponents suggested holding period/retention ratio or the companys own stock ownership
or retention requirements.
|
|
|
|
|
Problematic pay practices, current and past, which may promote a short-term
versus a long-term focus.
|
A rigorous stock ownership guideline should be at least 10x base salary for the CEO, with the
multiple declining for other executives. A meaningful retention ratio should constitute at least 50
percent of the stock received from equity awards (on a net proceeds basis) held on a long-term
basis, such as the executives tenure with the company or even a few years past the executives
termination with the company.
Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a minimum amount of stock that directors
must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While ISS favors stock
ownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership
requirement.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Social/Environmental Issues
Overall Approach
When evaluating social and environmental shareholder proposals, ISS considers the following
factors:
|
|
|
Whether adoption of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder
value;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the information requested concerns business issues that relate to a
meaningful percentage of the companys business as measured by sales, assets, and earnings;
|
|
|
|
|
The degree to which the companys stated position on the issues raised in the
proposal could affect its reputation or sales, or leave it vulnerable to a boycott or
selective purchasing;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the issues presented are more appropriately/effectively dealt with
through governmental or company-specific action;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the company has already responded in some appropriate manner to the
request embodied in the proposal;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the companys analysis and voting recommendation to shareholders are
persuasive;
|
|
|
|
|
What other companies have done in response to the issue addressed in the
proposal;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the proposal itself is well framed and the cost of preparing the
report is reasonable;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether implementation of the proposals request would achieve the proposals
objectives;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the subject of the proposal is best left to the discretion of the
board;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the requested information is available to shareholders either from the
company or from a publicly available source; and
|
B-24
Appendix B
|
|
|
Whether providing this information would reveal proprietary or confidential
information that would place the company at a competitive disadvantage.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Board Diversity
Generally vote
FOR
requests for reports on the companys efforts to diversify the board, unless:
|
|
|
The gender and racial minority representation of the companys board is
reasonably inclusive in relation to companies of similar size and business; and
|
|
|
|
|
The board already reports on its nominating procedures and gender and racial
minority initiatives on the board and within the company.
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking the company to increase the gender and racial minority
representation on its board, taking into account:
|
|
|
The degree of existing gender and racial minority diversity on the companys
board and among its executive officers;
|
|
|
|
|
The level of gender and racial minority representation that exists at the
companys industry peers;
|
|
|
|
|
The companys established process for addressing gender and racial minority
board representation;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the proposal includes an overly prescriptive request to amend
nominating committee charter language;
|
|
|
|
|
The independence of the companys nominating committee;
|
|
|
|
|
The company uses an outside search firm to identify potential director
nominees; and
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the company has had recent controversies, fines, or litigation
regarding equal employment practices.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Domestic Partner Benefits
Generally vote FOR proposals seeking to amend a companys EEO statement or diversity policies to
prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity, unless the change would
result in excessive costs for the company.
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to extend company benefits to, or eliminate benefits from domestic
partners. Decisions regarding benefits should be left to the discretion of the company.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company
operations and/or products and operations, unless:
|
|
|
The company already provides current, publicly-available information on the
impacts that GHG emissions may have on the company as well as associated company policies
and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities;
|
|
|
|
|
The companys level of disclosure is comparable to that of industry peers; and
|
B-25
Appendix B
|
|
|
There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation
associated with the companys GHG emissions.
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from products and
operations, taking into account:
|
|
|
Overly prescriptive requests for the reduction in GHG emissions by specific
amounts or within a specific time frame;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether company disclosure lags behind industry peers;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations,
fines, litigation, or controversy related to GHG emissions;
|
|
|
|
|
The feasibility of reduction of GHGs given the companys product line and
current technology and;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the company already provides meaningful disclosure on GHG emissions
from its products and operations.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Compensation-Related Proposals
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to link, or report on linking, executive compensation to
environmental and social criteria such as corporate downsizings, customer or employee satisfaction,
community involvement, human rights, environmental performance, or predatory lending. However, the
following factors will be considered:
|
|
|
Whether the company has significant and persistent controversies or violations
regarding social and/or environmental issues;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the company has management systems and oversight mechanisms in place
regarding its social and environmental performance;
|
|
|
|
|
The degree to which industry peers have incorporated similar non-financial
performance criteria in their executive compensation practices; and
|
|
|
|
|
The companys current level of disclosure regarding its environmental and
social performance.
|
Generally vote AGAINST proposals calling for an analysis of the pay disparity between corporate
executives and other non-executive employees. The value of the information sought by such proposals
is unclear.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Political Contributions and Trade Associations Spending
Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking the company to affirm political nonpartisanship in the
workplace so long as:
|
|
|
There are no recent, significant controversies, fines or litigation regarding
the companys political contributions or trade association spending; and
|
|
|
|
|
The company has procedures in place to ensure that employee contributions to
company-sponsored political action committees (PACs) are strictly voluntary and prohibits
coercion.
|
B-26
Appendix B
Vote AGAINST proposals to publish in newspapers and public media the companys political
contributions. Such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing
commensurate value to shareholders.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to improve the disclosure of a companys political contributions and
trade association spending considering:
|
|
|
Recent significant controversy or litigation related to the companys
political contributions or governmental affairs; and
|
|
|
|
|
The public availability of a company policy on political contributions and
trade association spending including information on the types of organizations supported,
the business rationale for supporting these organizations, and the oversight and compliance
procedures related to such expenditures of corporate assets.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals barring the company from making political contributions. Businesses are
affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level and barring political contributions
can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.
Vote AGAINST proposals asking for a list of company executives, directors, consultants, legal
counsels, lobbyists, or investment bankers that have prior government service and whether such
service had a bearing on the business of the company. Such a list would be burdensome to prepare
without providing any meaningful information to shareholders.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Labor and Human Rights Standards
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on company or company supplier labor and/or human
rights standards and policies unless such information is already publicly disclosed.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to implement company or company supplier labor and/or human rights
standards and policies, considering:
|
|
|
The degree to which existing relevant policies and practices are disclosed;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether or not existing relevant policies are consistent with internationally
recognized standards;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether company facilities and those of its suppliers are monitored and how;
|
|
|
|
|
Company participation in fair labor organizations or other internationally
recognized human rights initiatives;
|
|
|
|
|
Scope and nature of business conducted in markets known to have higher risk of
workplace labor/human rights abuse;
|
|
|
|
|
Recent, significant company controversies, fines, or litigation regarding
human rights at the company or its suppliers;
|
|
|
|
|
The scope of the request; and
|
|
|
|
|
Deviation from industry sector peer company standards and practices.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
B-27
Appendix B
Sustainability Reporting
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on its policies, initiatives, and
oversight mechanisms related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless:
|
|
|
The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or
policies such as an Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) report; a comprehensive Code of
Corporate Conduct; and/or a Diversity Report; or
|
|
|
|
|
The company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting
program based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within
a specified time frame.
|
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
B-28
Appendix B
2011 International Proxy Voting Guidelines Summary
March 25, 2011
Institutional Shareholder Services Inc.
Copyright© 2011 by ISS
www.issgovernance.com
B-29
Appendix B
ISS 2011 International Proxy Voting Guidelines Summary
Effective for Meetings on or after Feb. 1, 2011
Published March, 25, 2011
The following is a condensed version of the proxy voting recommendations contained in ISS
International Proxy Voting Manual. Note that markets covered in this document exclude the US,
Canada, Western European markets, Australia, New Zealand, and China, which are presented
separately. In addition, ISS has country- and market-specific policies, which are not captured
below.
Disclosure/Disclaimer
This document and all of the information contained in it, including without limitation all text,
data, graphs, and charts (collectively, the Information) is the property of Institutional
Shareholder Services Inc. (ISS), its subsidiaries, or, in some cases third party suppliers.
The Information has not been submitted to, nor received approval from, the United States Securities
and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory body. None of the Information constitutes an offer
to sell (or a solicitation of an offer to buy), or a promotion or recommendation of, any security,
financial product or other investment vehicle or any trading strategy, and ISS does not endorse,
approve or otherwise express any opinion regarding any issuer, securities, financial products or
instruments or trading strategies.
The user of the Information assumes the entire risk of any use it may make or permit to be made of
the Information.
ISS MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION AND
EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANY OF THE INFORMATION.
Without limiting any of the foregoing and to the maximum extent permitted by law, in no event shall
ISS have any liability regarding any of the Information for any direct, indirect, special,
punitive, consequential (including lost profits) or any other damages even if notified of the
possibility of such damages. The foregoing shall not exclude or limit any liability that may not by
applicable law be excluded or limited.
►►►►►
B-30
Appendix B
1. Operational Items
Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports
Vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:
|
|
|
There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used;
or
|
|
|
|
|
The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific
items that should be publicly disclosed.
|
►►►►►
Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees
Vote FOR the (re)election of auditors and/or proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees,
unless:
|
|
|
There are serious concerns about the procedures used by the auditor;
|
|
|
|
|
There is reason to believe that the auditor has rendered an opinion, which
is neither accurate nor indicative of the companys financial position;
|
|
|
|
|
External auditors have previously served the company in an executive
capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Name of the proposed auditors has not been published;
|
|
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|
The auditors are being changed without explanation; or
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|
|
|
|
Fees for non-audit services exceed standard annual audit-related fees
(only applies to companies on the MSCI EAFE index and/or listed on any country main
index).
|
In circumstances where fees for non-audit services include fees related to significant one-time
capital structure events (initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergencies, and spin-offs) and the
company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees, which are an exception to
the standard non-audit fee category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees
considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit fees.
For concerns related to the audit procedures, independence of auditors, and/or name of auditors,
ISS may recommend AGAINST the auditor (re)election. For concerns related to fees paid to the
auditors, ISS may recommend AGAINST remuneration of auditors if this is a separate voting item;
otherwise ISS may recommend AGAINST the auditor election.
►►►►►
Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors
Vote FOR the appointment or (re)election of statutory auditors, unless:
|
|
|
There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the
audit procedures used;
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|
|
|
Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed;
or
|
B-31
Appendix B
|
|
|
The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity
or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.
|
►►►►►
Allocation of Income
Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:
|
|
|
The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without
adequate explanation; or
|
|
|
|
|
The payout is excessive given the companys financial position.
|
►►►►►
Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative
Vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.
Vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the
cash option is harmful to shareholder value.
►►►►►
Amendments to Articles of Association
Vote amendments to the articles of association on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
►►►►►
Change in Company Fiscal Term
Vote FOR resolutions to change a companys fiscal term unless a companys motivation for the change
is to postpone its AGM.
►►►►►
Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership
Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless
specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.
►►►►►
Amend Quorum Requirements
Vote proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
►►►►►
Transact Other Business
B-32
Appendix B
Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.
►►►►►
2. Board of Directors
Director Elections
Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:
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|
|
Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner;
|
|
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|
|
There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements;
|
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|
There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest;
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|
There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; or
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|
|
The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards.
|
Vote FOR individual nominees unless there are specific concerns about the individual, such as
criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities.
Vote AGAINST individual directors if repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained
(in countries where this information is disclosed).
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder
nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, determining which directors are best suited to
add value for shareholders.
Vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation
committee and are required by law to be on those committees. Vote AGAINST employee and/or labor
representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, if they are not required
to be on those committees.
Under extraordinary circumstances, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors individually, on a
committee, or the entire board, due to:
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|
|
Material failures of governance, stewardship, or fiduciary
responsibilities at the company; or
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|
Failure to replace management as appropriate; or
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|
Egregious actions related to the director(s) service on other boards that
raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and
serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.
|
►►►►►
[Please see the ISS International Classification of Directors on the following page.]
B-33
Appendix B
ISS Classification of Directors International Policy 2011
Executive Director
|
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|
Employee or executive of the company;
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|
|
|
Any director who is classified as a non-executive, but receives salary,
fees, bonus, and/or other benefits that are in line with the highest-paid executives of
the company.
|
Non-Independent Non-Executive Director (NED)
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|
Any director who is attested by the board to be a non-independent NED;
|
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|
Any director specifically designated as a representative of a significant
shareholder of the company;
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|
Any director who is also an employee or executive of a significant
shareholder of the company;
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|
|
Any director who is nominated by a dissenting significant shareholder,
unless there is a clear lack of material [5] connection with the dissident, either
currently or historically;
|
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|
Beneficial owner (direct or indirect) of at least 10% of the companys
stock, either in economic terms or in voting rights (this may be aggregated if voting
power is distributed among more than one member of a defined group, e.g., family
members who beneficially own less than 10% individually, but collectively own more than
10%), unless market best practice dictates a lower ownership and/or disclosure
threshold (and in other special market-specific circumstances);
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Government representative;
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|
Currently provides (or a relative[1] provides) professional services[2] to
the company, to an affiliate of the company, or to an individual officer of the company
or of one of its affiliates in excess of $10,000 per year;
|
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|
Represents customer, supplier, creditor, banker, or other entity with
which company maintains transactional/commercial relationship (unless company discloses
information to apply a materiality test[3]);
|
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|
Any director who has conflicting or cross-directorships with executive
directors or the chairman of the company;
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|
Relative[1] of a current employee of the company or its affiliates;
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|
Relative[1] of a former executive of the company or its affiliates;
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|
A new appointee elected other than by a formal process through the General
Meeting (such as a contractual appointment by a substantial shareholder);
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|
Founder/co-founder/member of founding family but not currently an
employee;
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Former executive (5 year cooling off period);
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|
|
Years of service is generally not a determining factor unless it is
recommended best practice in a market and/or in extreme circumstances, in which case it
may be considered.[4]
|
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|
|
Any additional relationship or principle considered to compromise
independence under local corporate governance best practice guidance.
|
Independent NED
|
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|
No material[5] connection, either directly or indirectly, to the company
(other than a board seat) or the dissenting significant shareholder.
|
B-34
Appendix B
Employee Representative
|
|
|
Represents employees or employee shareholders of the company (classified
as employee representative but considered a non-independent NED).
|
Footnotes:
[1] Relative follows the definition of immediate family members which covers spouses, parents,
children, stepparents, step-children, siblings, in-laws, and any person (other than a tenant or
employee) sharing the household of any director, nominee for director, executive officer, or
significant shareholder of the company.
[2] Professional services can be characterized as advisory in nature and generally include the
following: investment banking/financial advisory services; commercial banking (beyond deposit
services); investment services; insurance services; accounting/audit services; consulting services;
marketing services; and legal services. The case of participation in a banking syndicate by a
non-lead bank should be considered a transaction (and hence subject to the associated materiality
test) rather than a professional relationship.
[3] A business relationship may be material if the transaction value (of all outstanding
transactions) entered into between the company and the company or organization with which the
director is associated is equivalent to either 1 percent of the companys turnover or 1 percent of
the turnover of the company or organization with which the director is associated. OR, A business
relationship may be material if the transaction value (of all outstanding financing operations)
entered into between the company and the company or organization with which the director is
associated is more than 10 percent of the companys shareholder equity or the transaction value,
(of all outstanding financing operations), compared to the companys total assets, is more than 5
percent.
[4] For example, in continental Europe, directors with a tenure exceeding 12 years will be
considered non-independent. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, directors with a tenure exceeding
nine years will be considered non-independent, unless the company provides sufficient and clear
justification that the director is independent despite his long tenure.
[5] For purposes of ISS director independence classification, material will be defined as a
standard of relationship financial, personal or otherwise that a reasonable person might conclude
could potentially influence ones objectivity in the boardroom in a manner that would have a
meaningful impact on an individuals ability to satisfy requisite fiduciary standards on behalf of
shareholders.
►►►►►
Contested Director Elections
For contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of
incumbent directors, ISS will make its recommendation on a case-by-case basis, determining which
directors are best suited to add value for shareholders.
The analysis will generally be based on, but not limited to, the following major decision factors:
|
|
|
Company performance relative to its peers;
|
|
|
|
|
Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents;
|
B-35
Appendix B
|
|
|
Independence of directors/nominees;
|
|
|
|
|
Experience and skills of board candidates;
|
|
|
|
|
Governance profile of the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Evidence of management entrenchment;
|
|
|
|
|
Responsiveness to shareholders;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether a takeover offer has been rebuffed;
|
|
|
|
|
Whether minority or majority representation is being sought.
|
When analyzing a contested election of directors, ISS will generally focus on two central
questions: (1) Have the dissidents proved that board change is warranted? And (2) if so, are the
dissident board nominees likely to effect positive change (i.e., maximize long-term shareholder
value).
►►►►►
Discharge of Directors
Generally vote FOR the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or
supervisory board,
unless
there is reliable information about significant and compelling
controversies that the board is not fulfilling its fiduciary duties warranted by:
|
|
|
A lack of oversight or actions by board members which invoke shareholder
distrust related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or
company interest rather than in shareholder interest; or
|
|
|
|
|
Any legal issues (e.g. civil/criminal) aiming to hold the board
responsible for breach of trust in the past or related to currently alleged actions yet
to be confirmed (and not only the fiscal year in question), such as price fixing,
insider trading, bribery, fraud, and other illegal actions; or
|
|
|
|
|
Other egregious governance issues where shareholders will bring legal
action against the company or its directors.
|
For markets which do not routinely request discharge resolutions (e.g. common law countries or
markets where discharge is not mandatory), analysts may voice concern in other appropriate agenda
items, such as approval of the annual accounts or other relevant resolutions, to enable
shareholders to express discontent with the board.
►►►►►
Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions
Vote proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers on a
CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify external auditors.
►►►►►
Board Structure
Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.
B-36
Appendix B
Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.
Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of
the company or the board.
►►►►►
3. Capital Structure
Share Issuance Requests
General Issuances
Vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued
capital.
Vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued
capital.
Specific Issuances
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.
►►►►►
Increases in Authorized Capital
Vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current
authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new
authorization outstanding.
Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:
|
|
|
The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or
merger) does not meet ISS guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or
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|
|
|
|
The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new
authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.
►►►►►
Reduction of Capital
Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are
unfavorable to shareholders.
Vote proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring on a CASE-BY-CASE
basis.
►►►►►
B-37
Appendix B
Capital Structures
Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share, one-vote capital structure.
Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual-class capital structures or the
creation of new or additional super voting shares.
►►►►►
Preferred Stock
Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to
50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the
rights of existing shareholders.
Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of
common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS guidelines on equity issuance
requests.
Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting
rights to the common shares.
Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the
authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.
Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
►►►►►
Debt Issuance Requests
Vote non-convertible debt issuance requests on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, with or without preemptive
rights.
Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of
common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS guidelines on equity issuance
requests.
Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring
would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.
►►►►►
Pledging of Assets for Debt
Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
►►►►►
B-38
Appendix B
Increase in Borrowing Powers
Vote proposals to approve increases in a companys borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Share Repurchase Plans
Generally vote FOR market repurchase authorities (share repurchase programs) if the terms comply
with the following criteria:
|
|
|
A repurchase limit of up to 10 percent of outstanding issued share capital
(15 percent in UK/Ireland);
|
|
|
|
|
A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a companys issued share capital in
treasury (on the shelf); and
|
|
|
|
|
A duration of no more than 5 years, or such lower threshold as may be set
by applicable law, regulation or code of governance best practice.
|
Authorities to repurchase shares in excess of the 10 percent repurchase limit will be assessed on a
case-by-case basis. ISS may support such share repurchase authorities under special circumstances,
which are required to be publicly disclosed by the company, provided that, on balance, the proposal
is in shareholders interests. In such cases, the authority must comply with the following
criteria:
|
|
|
A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a companys issued share capital in
treasury (on the shelf); and
|
|
|
|
|
A duration of no more than 18 months.
|
In markets where it is normal practice not to provide a repurchase limit, ISS will evaluate the
proposal based on the companys historical practice. However, ISS expects companies to disclose
such limits and, in the future, may recommend a vote against companies that fail to do so. In such
cases, the authority must comply with the following criteria:
|
|
|
A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a companys issued share capital in
treasury (on the shelf); and
|
|
|
|
|
A duration of no more than 18 months.
|
In addition, ISS will recommend AGAINST any proposal where:
|
|
|
The repurchase can be used for takeover defenses;
|
|
|
|
|
There is clear evidence of abuse;
|
|
|
|
|
There is no safeguard against selective buybacks; and/or
|
|
|
|
|
Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light
of market practice.
|
►►►►►
Reissuance of Repurchased Shares
Vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this
authority in the past.
►►►►►
B-39
Appendix B
Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value
Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.
►►►►►
4. Compensation
Compensation Plans
Vote compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
►►►►►
Director Compensation
Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive
relative to other companies in the country or industry.
Vote non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based
components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a
single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.
►►►►►
5. Other Items
Reorganizations/Restructurings
Vote reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
►►►►►
Mergers and Acquisitions
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:
For every M&A analysis, ISS reviews publicly available information as of the date of the report and
evaluates the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes
countervailing factors including:
|
|
|
Valuation Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or
paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial
starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, ISS places emphasis on the offer
premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale.
|
|
|
|
|
Market reaction How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A
negative market reaction will cause ISS to scrutinize a deal more closely.
|
B-40
Appendix B
|
|
|
Strategic rationale Does the deal make sense strategically? From where
is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or
optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favourable track
record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.
|
|
|
|
|
Conflicts of interest Are insiders benefiting from the transaction
disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? ISS
will consider whether any special interests may have influenced these directors and
officers to support or recommend the merger.
|
|
|
|
|
Governance Will the combined company have a better or worse governance
profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the
transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the
company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in
governance.
|
Vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an
informed voting decision.
►►►►►
Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers
Vote proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
►►►►►
Reincorporation Proposals
Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
►►►►►
Expansion of Business Activities
Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into
risky areas.
►►►►►
Related-Party Transactions
In evaluating resolutions that seek shareholder approval on related party transactions (RPTs), vote
on a case-by-case basis, considering factors including, but not limited to, the following:
|
|
|
The parties on either side of the transaction;
|
|
|
|
|
The nature of the asset to be transferred/service to be provided;
|
|
|
|
|
The pricing of the transaction (and any associated professional
valuation);
|
|
|
|
|
The views of independent directors (where provided);
|
|
|
|
|
The views of an independent financial adviser (where appointed);
|
|
|
|
|
Whether any entities party to the transaction (including advisers) is
conflicted; and
|
|
|
|
|
The stated rationale for the transaction, including discussions of timing.
|
B-41
Appendix B
If there is a transaction that ISS deemed problematic and that was not put to a shareholder vote,
ISS may recommend against the election of the director involved in the related-party transaction or
the full board.
►►►►►
Antitakeover Mechanisms
Generally vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals, unless they are structured in such a way that
they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.
►►►►►
Shareholder Proposals
Vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote FOR proposals that would improve the companys corporate governance or business profile at a
reasonable cost.
Vote AGAINST proposals that limit the companys business activities or capabilities or result in
significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.
►►►►►
B-42
Appendix B
Exhibit B (as amended February 2, 2009)
Modifications to recommendations set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Vote FOR proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder activity to take action by written consent.
Vote AGAINST proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.
Cumulative Voting
Vote FOR proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.
Vote AGAINST proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting.
Incumbent Director Nominees
Vote WITH managements recommendations regarding incumbent director nominees.
B-43
GMO TRUST
PART C.
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28.
Exhibits
(a)
|
1.
|
|
Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of GMO Trust (the Trust
or Registrant), dated September 10, 2009 (the Declaration of Trust);
29
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to the Declaration of Trust;
30
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Amendment No. 2 to the Declaration of Trust;
34
and
|
|
|
4.
|
|
Amendment No. 3 to the Declaration of Trust Exhibit (a)(4).
|
|
(b)
|
|
|
Amended and Restated By-laws of the Trust, effective as of March 1, 2007 (the
By-laws).
19
|
|
(c)
|
1.
|
|
Please refer to Article III (Shares) and Article V (Shareholders Voting Powers
and Meetings) of the Declaration of Trust, which is hereby incorporated by
reference;
29
and
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Please refer to Article II (Meetings of Shareholders) of the By-laws, which
is hereby incorporated by reference.
19
|
|
(d)
|
1.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tobacco-Free Core
Fund, and Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO);
18
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund (formerly GMO
International Core Fund), and GMO;
22
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Currency
Hedged International Equity Fund (formerly GMO Currency Hedged International Core
Fund), and GMO;
18
|
|
|
4.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Small Companies Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
5.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Countries Fund (formerly GMO Evolving Countries Fund), and GMO;
18
|
|
|
6.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Domestic
Bond Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
7.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Bond Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
8.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Currency
Hedged International Bond Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
9.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Country Debt Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
10.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Short-Duration Investment Fund (formerly GMO Short-Term Income Fund), and
GMO;
18
|
1
|
11.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Alpha Only
Fund (formerly GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund), and GMO;
18
|
|
|
12.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
13.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30,
2006, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO
U.S. Sector Fund and GMO U.S. Sector Allocation Fund), and GMO;
18
|
|
|
14.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Taiwan
Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
15.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Bond
Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
16.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30,
2006, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Real Estate Fund (formerly GMO REIT
Fund), and GMO;
18
|
|
|
17.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Foreign
Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
18.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
1
|
|
|
19.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global
Balanced Asset Allocation Fund (formerly GMO World Balanced Allocation Fund and
GMO World Equity Allocation Fund), and GMO;
2
|
|
|
20.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global
Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund), and
GMO;
2
|
|
|
21.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Core Plus
Bond Fund (formerly GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund and GMO Global Fund), and
GMO;
18
|
|
|
22.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tax-Managed
U.S. Equities Fund, and GMO;
18
|
|
|
23.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund, and
GMO;
22
|
|
|
24.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special
Purpose Holding Fund (formerly GMO Alpha LIBOR Fund), and GMO;
3
|
|
|
25.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Foreign
Small Companies Fund, and GMO;
4
|
|
|
26.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, and GMO;
7
|
|
|
27.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Quality
Fund (formerly GMO U.S. Quality Equity Fund), and GMO;
9
|
|
|
28.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World
Opportunity Overlay Fund, and GMO;
10
|
2
|
29.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Strategic
Opportunities Allocation Fund (formerly GMO Strategic Balanced Allocation Fund),
and GMO;
11
|
|
|
30.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
11
|
|
|
31.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Developed World Stock Fund, and GMO;
22
|
|
|
32.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Core
Equity Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
33.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Intrinsic Value Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
34.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Growth
Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
35.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
36.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
37.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Core Equity Fund, and GMO;
14
|
|
|
38.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Growth Equity Fund, and
GMO;
22
|
|
|
39.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Share Fund, and GMO;
15
|
|
|
40.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Strategic Fixed
Income Fund, and GMO;
16
|
|
|
41.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
16
|
|
|
42.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Inflation Indexed
Plus Bond Fund, and GMO;
17
|
|
|
43.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations
Fund, and GMO;
21
|
|
|
44.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities
Fund, and GMO;
23
|
|
|
45.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Arlington Fund, and
GMO;
24
|
|
|
46.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Berkeley Fund, and
GMO;
24
|
|
|
47.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Clarendon Fund, and
GMO;
24
|
|
|
48.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Dartmouth Fund, and
GMO;
24
|
|
|
49.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund,
and GMO;
25
|
3
|
50.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation
Bond Fund, and GMO;
25
|
|
|
51.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation
International Bond Fund, and GMO;
27
|
|
|
52.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World Opportunity
Overlay Share Fund, and GMO;
27
|
|
|
53.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of August 12, 2009,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Markets Fund, and GMO;
29
|
|
|
54.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 25, 2010,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, and
GMO;
32
|
|
|
55.
|
|
Management Contract, dated as of December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on
behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, and GMO;
30
|
|
|
56.
|
|
Management Contract, dated as of December 2, 2009, between the Trust, on
behalf of GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, and GMO;
30
|
|
|
57.
|
|
Management Contract, dated as of August 2, 2010, between the Trust, on
behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, and GMO;
34
and
|
|
|
58.
|
|
Management Contract, dated as of May 20, 2011, between the Trust, on behalf
of GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, and GMO Exhibit (d)(58).
|
|
(e)
|
1.
|
|
Distribution Agreement (the Distribution Agreement), dated March 31, 2009,
between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may
be amended from time to time, and Funds Distributor, LLC.
26
|
|
(i)
|
|
Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement as amended as of
July 30, 2010.
34
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Distribution Agreement, dated
April 2011, by and between GMO Trust, on behalf of certain of its series, and
Funds Distributor, LLC.
35
|
(f)
|
|
|
None.
|
|
(g)
|
1.
|
|
Form of Custodian Agreement (the IBT Custodian Agreement), dated August 1, 1991,
among the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed therein, GMO and Investors Bank & Trust
Company (IBT), as amended from time to time to include GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund, GMO
Domestic Bond Fund, GMO International Bond Fund, GMO Currency Hedged International Bond
Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO Real Estate Fund, GMO International Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Global Balanced Asset Allocation Fund, GMO Global Equity Allocation
Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund, GMO Core Plus Bond Fund, GMO Tax-Managed U.S.
Equities Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund, GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund, GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund,
|
4
|
|
|
GMO Quality Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities
Allocation Fund, GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid
Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Growth Fund, GMO U.S.
Intrinsic Value Fund, GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO Short-Duration Collateral
Share Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO International Opportunities Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund, GMO Special Situations Fund,
GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO Asset Allocation
International Bond Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO Debt
Opportunities Fund, GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, and GMO
Benchmark-Free Fund;
18
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated May
30, 2003, among the Trust, GMO and IBT;
8
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated July
25, 2007, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO and
State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street Bank) (as successor by
merger to IBT);
21
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated March
10, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and GMO Asset
Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to
IBT);
25
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement,
dated June 18, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation
International Bond Fund and GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO and
State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
27
|
|
|
(v)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement,
dated November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities
Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank
(as successor by merger to IBT);
30
and
|
|
|
(vi)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement,
dated May 20, 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO
and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT) Exhibit (g)(1)(vi).
|
|
2.
|
|
Form of Custodian Agreement (the BBH Custodian Agreement), dated June
29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule I
thereto, and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (BBH), as amended from time to time to
include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO International Growth
Equity Fund, GMO International Core Equity Fund, GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and GMO
Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June
4, 2003, among the Trust and BBH;
8
|
5
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June
16, 2008, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and
BBH;
23
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June 30,
2009, among the Trust and BBH;
28
and
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated May
21, 2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities
Fund, and BBH.
34
|
|
3.
|
|
Form of Accounting Agency Agreement (the Accounting Agency Agreement),
dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on
Schedule I thereto, and BBH, as amended to include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO Flexible
Equities Fund, and GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Form of Second Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement,
dated November 22, 2005, between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on
Schedule I thereto, and BBH;
18
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement, dated
June 16, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and
BBH;
23
and
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement, dated
May 21, 2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic
Opportunities Fund, and BBH.
34
|
|
4.
|
|
Form of 17f-5 Delegation Schedule (the Delegation Schedule), dated June
29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule 1
thereto, and BBH, as amended from time to time to include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO
Developed World Stock Fund, GMO International Growth Equity Fund, GMO International
Core Equity Fund, GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and GMO Emerging Domestic
Opportunities Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Schedule, dated June 16,
2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible Equities Fund, and
BBH;
23
and
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Schedule, dated May 21,
2010, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities
Fund, and BBH.
34
|
|
5.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Delegation Agreement (the Delegation
Agreement), dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Core Plus Bond
Fund, GMO International Bond Fund, GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund, GMO
Global Bond Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, and GMO Emerging Country Debt
Share Fund, and IBT, as amended from time to time to include GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Fund, GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities
Allocation Fund, GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid
Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Growth Fund, GMO U.S.
Intrinsic Value Fund, GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO
|
6
|
|
|
Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO
International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond
Fund, GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO U.S. Treasury Fund, GMO Asset Allocation
Bond Fund, GMO Asset Allocation International Bond Fund, GMO World Opportunity
Overlay Share Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, GMO High Quality Short-Duration
Bond Fund, and GMO Benchmark-Free Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated July 25,
2007, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO and State
Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
21
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated March 10,
2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Treasury Fund and GMO Asset
Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to
IBT);
25
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated
June 18, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation
International Bond Fund and GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO and
State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
27
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated
November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt Opportunities Fund
and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as
successor by merger to IBT);
30
and
|
|
|
(v)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated
May 20, 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO and
State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT) Exhibit (g)(5)(v).
|
(h)
|
1.
|
|
Form of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement), dated August 1, 1991, among the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed
therein, GMO and IBT, as amended from time to time to include GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO
Real Estate Fund, GMO Foreign Fund, GMO International Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Global
Balanced Asset Allocation Fund, GMO Global Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed
Bond Fund, GMO Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO Core Plus Bond Fund, GMO Tax-Managed
International Equities Fund, GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt
Share Fund, GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund, GMO Foreign Small Companies Fund, GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, GMO Quality Fund, GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, GMO
Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund,
GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO International Growth Equity Fund, GMO International
Core Equity Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S.
Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund,
|
7
|
|
|
GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO
International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond
Fund, GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO Flexible Equities Fund, GMO U.S. Treasury
Fund, GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO Asset Allocation International Bond Fund,
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund, GMO Debt Opportunities Fund, GMO High
Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities Fund, GMO
Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund, GMO International Large Cap
Value Fund, and GMO Benchmark-Free Fund;
18
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated July 25, 2007, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special
Situations Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to
IBT);
21
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated June 16, 2008, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Flexible
Equities Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
23
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated March 10, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Treasury Fund and GMO Asset Allocation Bond Fund, GMO and State Street Bank
(as successor by merger to IBT);
25
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated June 18, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset
Allocation International Bond Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Share Fund,
GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
27
|
|
|
(v)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated November 25, 2009, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Debt
Opportunities Fund and GMO High Quality Short-Duration Bond Fund, GMO and
State Street Bank (as successor by merger to IBT);
30
|
|
|
(vi)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated July 30, 2010, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Domestic Opportunities Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger
to IBT);
34
and
|
|
|
(vii)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated May 20, 2011 among the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset
Allocation International Small Companies Fund, GMO International Large Cap
Value Fund, and GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as
successor by merger to IBT) Exhibit (h)(1)(vii).
|
|
2.
|
|
(i) Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund Expenses by GMO
to the Trust, dated as of June 25, 2010;
32
|
8
|
(ii)
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund
Expenses by GMO to the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging Domestic Opportunities
Fund, dated as of July 30, 2010;
34
and
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund
Expenses by GMO to the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset Allocation International
Small Companies Fund, GMO International Large Cap Value Fund and GMO
Benchmark-Free Fund, dated as of May 20, 2011 Exhibit (h)(2)(iii).
|
|
3.
|
|
Amended and Restated Servicing Agreement, dated May 30, 1996, as amended
and restated effective May 20, 2011, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Exhibit I thereto, and GMO Exhibit (h)(3);
|
|
(i)
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Waive Shareholder Service Fees
by GMO to the Trust, dated as of June 30, 2010.
33
|
(i)
|
|
|
Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP Not applicable.
|
|
(j)
|
|
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Not applicable.
|
|
(k)
|
|
|
Financial Statements Not applicable.
|
|
(l)
|
|
|
None.
|
|
(m)
|
1.
|
|
GMO Trust Amended and Restated Distribution and Service Plan (Class M), dated as
of November 15, 2001, as amended and restated as of June 30, 2009, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Appendix A thereto;
27
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Amended and Restated Administration Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2009,
on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit I thereto;
27
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Form of Service Agreement (Service Agreement), dated October 1, 2001,
between American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may be amended from time to
time;
5
|
|
(i)
|
|
Second Amendment to Service Agreement, dated September 9,
2005, between American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and the Trust, on
behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Assignment Agreement, effective as of April 2, 2007, between
Wachovia Bank, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. (f/k/a American Express
Financial Advisors Inc.) and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on
Schedule A thereto;
20
|
|
4.
|
|
Form of Services Agreement, dated as of March 2002, between Fidelity
Brokerage Services LLC and National Financial Services LLC, and the Trust, on behalf
of certain Funds listed on Exhibit B thereto;
6
|
|
|
5.
|
|
Funds Trading Agreement (Funds Trading Agreement), dated July 1, 2001,
between Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company,
|
9
|
|
|
Inc. (FIIOC), IBT, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on
Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
(i)
|
|
Second Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
April 1, 2003, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Third Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
November 28, 2003, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Fourth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
April 1, 2004, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Fifth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
February 1, 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(v)
|
|
Sixth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of July,
2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed
on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(vi)
|
|
Seventh Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
September, 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
6.
|
|
Form of Funds Trading Agreement (BBH Funds Trading Agreement), dated
July 1, 2001, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO and the Trust on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Exhibit A thereto;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Form of First Amendment to the BBH Funds Trading Agreement,
dated January 1, 2002, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf
of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
6
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Second Amendment to the BBH Funds Trading Agreement, dated
July 1, 2002, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of
certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
18
|
|
7.
|
|
Form of Shareholder Services Agreement (Shareholder Services
Agreement), dated as of October 31, 2001, between Citistreet LLC (Citistreet) and
the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;
8
|
|
(i)
|
|
First Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of May 6, 2002, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Second Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of October 15, 2002, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Third Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of April 30, 2003, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Fourth Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of July 1, 2005, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto;
18
and
|
10
|
(v)
|
|
Fifth Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of September 1, 2005, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Attachment A thereto.
18
|
|
8.
|
|
Operating Agreement (Operating Agreement), dated as of April 19, 2000,
between Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Schedule I thereto;
32
and
|
|
(i)
|
|
First Amendment to Operating Agreement, dated as of March 10,
2010, between Schwab and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on
Schedule I thereto.
32
|
(n)
|
|
|
Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, effective June
1, 1996, as amended and restated June 10, 2010.
32
|
|
(o)
|
|
|
Reserved.
|
|
(p)
|
1.
|
|
GMO Code of Ethics, dated October 1, 2010, adopted by GMO, GMO Australasia LLC,
GMO Australia Ltd., GMO Singapore PTE Ltd., GMO Switzerland GMBH, GMO U.K. Ltd., GMO
Woolley Ltd., GMO Renewable Resources LLC, GMO Renewable Resources (in New Zealand), and
GMO Renewable Resources Uruguay, SRL.
35
|
|
|
2.
|
|
GMO Trust Code of Ethics, dated September 5, 2008, adopted by the
Trust.
24
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Code of Ethics for the Independent Trustees of GMO Trust, dated as of
June 1, 1996, as revised March 24, 2011, adopted by the Board of Trustees of the
Trust.
35
|
|
|
|
1.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Registration
Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act) and Amendment No. 28 to the
Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act (the 1940 Act) on March 13,
1996, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
2.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 30 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 28, 1996, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
3.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 60 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on December 30, 1999, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
4.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 63 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on July 3, 2000, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
5.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 1, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
6.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 77 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 1, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
7.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 84 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on November 26, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
8.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 89 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 30, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
9.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 90 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on October 31, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
10.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 126 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on November 18, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
11
|
|
|
11.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 105 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 131 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 15, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
12.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 132 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on March 29, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
13.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 113 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 141 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 30, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
14.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 142 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on August 17, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
15.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 146 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 1, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
16.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 17, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
17.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 125 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 153 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 31, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
18.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 154 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 28, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
19.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 127 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 156 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 1, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
20.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 128 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 158 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 29, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
21.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 159 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on July 27, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
22.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 161 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 27, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
23.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 163 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on July 25, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
24.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 164 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on December 24, 2008, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
25.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 133 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 167 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on March 13, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
26.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 169 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on May 1, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
27.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 170 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 26, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
28.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 137 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 172 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on July 17, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
29.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 139 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 174 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on October 30, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
30.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 175 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on December 3, 2009, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
31.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 140 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 176 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on April 30, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
32.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Amendment No. 178 to the Registration Statement under
the 1940 Act on June 25, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
33.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 179 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on June 29, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
12
|
|
|
34.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 143 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 180 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on July 30, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
35.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment No. 181 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act
on April 15, 2011, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
|
|
Item 29.
|
|
Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with a Fund
|
|
|
|
|
|
Controlling Fund
|
|
Person Controlled
|
|
Nature of Control
|
GMO Alternative Asset
Opportunity
Fund
|
|
GMO Alternative Asset SPC
Ltd.
(a) (b)
|
|
100% ownership
(c)
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Special Purpose
Holding Fund
|
|
GMO SPV I, LLC
(a) (d)
|
|
74.91% ownership
(c)
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
Included in the controlling Funds consolidated financial statements.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Organized under the laws of Bermuda.
|
|
(c)
|
|
As of the most recent fiscal year ended February 28, 2011.
|
|
(d)
|
|
Organized under the laws of the State of Delaware.
|
Please refer to Article 4 (Indemnification) of the By-laws.
In addition, the Trust will maintain a trustees and officers liability insurance policy under
which the Trust and its trustees and officers will be named insureds. The Trust also has entered
into agreements with each of its trustees pursuant to which each of the Funds has agreed to
indemnify each Trustee to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law against any liability and
expense incurred by the Trustee by reason of the Trustee being or having been a Trustee.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
Securities Act) may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant
pursuant to the Trusts By-laws, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion
of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses
incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful
defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling
person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the
opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy
as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
|
|
|
Item 31.
|
|
Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
|
A description of the business of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, the investment
adviser of the Funds of the Registrant (the Investment Adviser), is set forth
13
under the captions
Management of the Trust in the prospectuses and Investment
Advisory and Other Services in the statements of additional information, all forming part of this
Registration Statement.
Except as set forth below, the directors, officers, and members of the Investment Adviser,
have been engaged during the past two fiscal years in no business, profession, vocation or
employment of a substantial nature other than as directors, officers, or members of the Investment
Adviser or certain of its affiliates. Certain directors, officers, and members of the Investment
Adviser serve as officers or trustees of the Registrant as set forth under the caption Management
of the Trust in the Registrants statements of additional information, forming part of this
Registration Statement, and/or as officers and/or directors of certain private investment companies
managed by the Investment Adviser or certain of its affiliates. The address of the Investment
Adviser and the Registrant is 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
Arjun Divecha
|
|
Member, Chairman of the Board
of Directors, and Investment
Director
|
|
Board Member, Divecha
Centre for Climate
Change, Indian
Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India;
Director, Frog Hollow
Fresh LLC, P.O. Box
872, Brentwood, CA
94513
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Jeremy Grantham
|
|
Founding Member, Member of the
Board of Directors, and Chief
Investment Strategist
|
|
Board Member, Divecha
Centre for Climate
Change, Indian
Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India; CFA
Institute
Investors Working
Group (IWG) Member,
560 Ray C. Hunt
Drive,
Charlottesville, VA
22903; MSPCC
Investment Committee,
555 Amory Street,
Jamaica Plain, MA
02130; Board Member,
Imperial College of
London Grantham
Institute for Climate
Change, London SW7
2AZ; Board Member,
London School of
Economics Grantham
Institute for Climate
Change, Houghton
Street, London, WC2A
2AE
|
14
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
Bevis Longstreth
|
|
Member of the Board of Directors
|
|
Expert witness in
periodic securities
litigation; Trustee
and financial adviser
to certain high net
worth
individuals/families;
Historical novelist;
Fiduciary for various
not-for-profit
institutions
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Rosenblum
|
|
Member and Vice Chairman of the
Board of Directors
|
|
Trustee,
Jamestown-Yorktown
Foundation, Inc.,
P.O. Box 1607,
Williamsburg, VA
23187-1607; American
Civil War Center
Foundation, 200 S.
Third St., Richmond,
VA 23219; Chair of
the Board, The
Apprenticeshop (f/k/a
Atlantic Challenge),
643 Main St.,
Rockland, ME 04841;
University Symphony
Society, 112 Old
Cabell Hall,
Charlottesville, VA
22903; Treasurer and
Board Member,
Farnsworth Art
Museum, 16 Museum
Street, Rockland,
Maine 04841; Board
Member, Maine Media
Workshops and Maine
Media College, 70
Camden Street,
Rockport, ME 04856
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eyk Van Otterloo
|
|
Founding Member and Member of
the Board of Directors
|
|
Chairman of the
Board, Chemonics
International, 1133
20th Street, NW,
Suite 600,
Washington, D.C.
20036; Board Member,
CliniLabs, 423 W.
55th Street, 4th
Floor, New York, NY
10019; Overseer,
Peabody Essex Museum,
East India Square,
Salem, MA 01970;
Member, Board of
Commissioners,
Groothandelsgebouw
NV, 45 Stationsplein
P.O. Box 29057,
3001GB Rotterdam,
Netherlands
|
15
|
|
|
Item 32.
|
|
Principal Underwriters
|
|
|
|
Item 32(a).
|
|
Funds Distributor, LLC (FD) acts as principal underwriter for the following
investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:
GMO Trust
Munder Series Trust II
Munder Series Trust
Mirae Asset Discovery Funds
|
FD is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a
member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. FD has its main address at Three Canal
Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.
|
|
|
Item 32(b).
|
|
Information about Directors and Officers of FD is as follows:
|
|
|
|
Director or Officer
|
|
Positions and Offices with FD
|
Mark A. Fairbanks
|
|
President and Manager
|
Richard J. Berthy
|
|
Vice President, Treasurer and Manager
|
Jennifer E. Hoopes
|
|
Secretary
|
Nanette K. Chern
|
|
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer
|
The above FD directors and officers do not have positions or offices with the Trust.
Item 32(c). Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fee Payments by certain Funds of the Trust with
respect to the last fiscal year
(a)
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class M
(b)
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
|
GMO Fund Name
|
|
March 1, 2010 through February 28, 2011
|
GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund
|
|
$
|
2,977
|
|
GMO U.S. Growth Fund
|
|
$
|
1,401
|
|
GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund
|
|
$
|
33,171
|
|
GMO Foreign Fund
|
|
$
|
12,206
|
|
GMO Emerging Countries Fund
|
|
$
|
84,917
|
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
FD is entitled to receive any distribution and service (12b-1) fees paid
by the Class M Shares for services rendered and expenses borne by FD which are primarily intended
to result in the sale of Class M shares and/or the provision of certain other services incidental
thereto. During the last fiscal year, FD did not retain any of the distribution and service
(12b-1) fees paid by the Class M Shares of the Funds and directed that the Funds remit the
distribution and service (12b-1) fees directly to certain third party intermediaries who rendered
services to the Funds.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Other classes of the GMO Funds do not pay distribution (12b-1) fees or any other
type of commission or compensation to FD.
|
16
|
|
|
Item 33.
|
|
Location of Accounts and Records
|
The accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) and the
rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of the Registrant, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA
02110; the Registrants investment adviser, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, MA 02110; the Registrants distributor, Funds Distributor, LLC, 10 High Street, Suite 302,
Boston, MA 02110; the Registrants custodian for certain of the Funds, Brown Brothers Harriman &
Co., 40 Water Street, Boston, MA 02109; and the Registrants custodian for certain of the Funds and
transfer agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111.
|
|
|
Item 34.
|
|
Management Services
|
Not applicable.
None.
Notice
A copy of the Declaration of Trust, together with all amendments thereto, is on file with the
Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this instrument is
executed on behalf of the Trust by an officer of the Trust as an officer and not individually and
that the obligations of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or officers of the
Trust or shareholders of any series of the Trust individually but are binding only upon the assets
and property of the Trust or the respective series.
17
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), as
amended, the Registrant, GMO Trust, has duly caused this Amendment No. 183 under the 1940 Act to be
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Boston and The
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the 20th day of May, 2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Trust
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By:
|
|
J.B. KITTREDGE*
J.B. Kittredge
|
|
|
|
|
Title:
|
|
President; Chief Executive Officer;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal Executive Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* By:
|
|
/s/ JASON HARRISON
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jason Harrison
|
|
|
|
|
Attorney-in-Fact**
|
|
|
|
**
|
|
Pursuant to Power of Attorney for J.B. Kittredge (in his capacity
as President, Chief Executive Officer, and Principal Executive
Officer) filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No.
139 to the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act and Amendment
No. 174 to the Registration Statement under the 1940 Act on October
30, 2009.
|
GMO TRUST MAY 2011 POS AMI FILING
18
EXHIBIT INDEX
GMO TRUST
|
|
|
Exhibit Ref.
|
|
Title of Exhibit
|
(a)(4)
|
|
Amendment No. 3 to the Declaration of Trust.
|
|
|
|
(d)(58)
|
|
Management Contract, dated as of May 20, 2011, between the
Trust, on behalf of GMO Benchmark-Free Fund, and GMO.
|
|
|
|
(g)(1)(vi)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement,
dated May 20, 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor
by merger to IBT).
|
|
|
|
(g)(5)(v)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated
May 20, 2011, among the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Benchmark-Free Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor
by merger to IBT).
|
|
|
|
(h)(1)(vii)
|
|
Form of Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated May 20, 2011 among the Trust, on behalf of
GMO Asset Allocation International Small Companies Fund, GMO
International Large Cap Value Fund, and GMO Benchmark-Free
Fund, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to
IBT).
|
|
|
|
(h)(2)(iii)
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund
Expenses by GMO to the Trust, on behalf of GMO Asset
Allocation International Small Companies Fund, GMO
International Large Cap Value Fund and GMO Benchmark-Free
Fund, dated as of May 20, 2011.
|
|
|
|
(h)(3)
|
|
Amended and Restated Servicing Agreement, dated May 30, 1996,
as amended and restated effective May 20, 2011, between the
Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit I
thereto, and GMO.
|
|
|
|
Other.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Certificate of Clerk of the Trust certifying resolution by
the Board of Trustees of the Trust required pursuant to Rule
483 under the Securities Act of 1933.
|
19