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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
         
Commission   Registrant; State of Incorporation;   IRS Employer
File Number   Address; and Telephone Number   Identification No.
         
1-9513   CMS ENERGY CORPORATION   38-2726431
    (A Michigan Corporation)    
    One Energy Plaza, Jackson, Michigan 49201    
    (517) 788-0550    
         
1-5611   CONSUMERS ENERGY COMPANY   38-0442310
    (A Michigan Corporation)    
    One Energy Plaza, Jackson, Michigan 49201    
    (517) 788-0550    
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  þ      No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
CMS Energy Corporation : Large accelerated filer  þ      Accelerated filer  o      Non-Accelerated filer  o
Consumers Energy Company : Large accelerated filer  o      Accelerated filer  o      Non-Accelerated filer  þ
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
CMS Energy Corporation : Yes  o      No  þ       Consumers Energy Company : Yes  o      No  þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock at October 30, 2007:
         
CMS Energy Corporation:
       
CMS Energy Common Stock, $.01 par value
  225,091,031
Consumers Energy Company , $10 par value, privately held by CMS Energy Corporation
    84,108,789  
 
 


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CMS Energy Corporation
and
Consumers Energy Company
Quarterly reports on Form 10-Q to the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
for the Quarter Ended September 30, 2007
This combined Form 10-Q is separately filed by CMS Energy Corporation and Consumers Energy Company. Information contained herein relating to each individual registrant is filed by such registrant on its own behalf. Accordingly, except for its subsidiaries, Consumers Energy Company makes no representation as to information relating to any other companies affiliated with CMS Energy Corporation.
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    Page
  3
 
   
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
   
 
   
Item 1. Financial Statements
   
CMS Energy Corporation
   
  CMS – 33
  CMS – 35
  CMS – 36
  CMS – 38
   
  CMS – 39
  CMS – 42
  CMS – 58
  CMS – 61
  CMS – 64
  CMS – 65
  CMS – 69
  CMS – 70
  CMS – 72
  CMS – 74
  CMS – 75
Consumers Energy Company
   
  CE – 25
  CE – 26
  CE – 27
  CE – 29
   
  CE – 31
  CE – 33
  CE – 35
  CE – 45
  CE – 46
  CE – 47
  CE – 49
  CE – 51
  CE – 53

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
       
    Page
     
CMS Energy Corporation
     
  CMS  – 1
  CMS  – 4
  CMS  – 6
  CMS  – 15
  CMS  – 19
  CMS  – 21
  CMS  – 30
  CMS  – 31
Consumers Energy Company
     
  CE  – 1
  CE  – 4
  CE  – 6
  CE  – 11
  CE  – 13
  CE  – 15
  CE  – 23
  CE  – 24
 
     
  CO  – 1
  CO  – 1
 
     
     
 
     
  CO  – 1
  CO  – 6
  CO  – 9
  CO  – 9
  CO  – 9
  CO  – 9
  CO  – 10
  CO  – 11
  CMS Energy Corporation Bylaws
  Consumers Energy Company Bylaws
  Form of Indemnification Agreement between CMS Energy Corporation & its Directors
  Form of Indemnification Agreement between Consumers Energy Company & its Directors
  CMS Energy Corporation's Certification of the CEO pursuant to Section 302
  CMS Energy Corporation's Certification of the CFO pursuant to Section 302
  Consumers Energy Corporation's Certification of the CEO pursuant to Section 302
  Consumers Energy Corporation's Certification of the CFO pursuant to Section 302
  CMS Energy Corporation's Certifications pursuant to Section 906
  Consumers Energy Corporation's Certifications pursuant to Section 906

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GLOSSARY
Certain terms used in the text and financial statements are defined below
     
AEI
  Ashmore Energy International, a non-affiliated company
AFUDC
  Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
ALJ
  Administrative Law Judge
AOC
  Administrative Order on Consent
AOCI
  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
AOCL
  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
ARO
  Asset retirement obligation
 
   
Bay Harbor
  A residential/commercial real estate area located near Petoskey, Michigan. In 2002, CMS
 
  Energy sold its interest in Bay Harbor.
bcf
  One billion cubic feet of gas
Big Rock
  Big Rock Point nuclear power plant
Big Rock ISFSI
  Big Rock Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation
Broadway Gen Funding LLC
  Broadway Gen Funding LLC, a non-affiliated company
 
   
CEO
  Chief Executive Officer
CFO
  Chief Financial Officer
CFTC
  Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CKD
  Cement Kiln Dust
Clean Air Act
  Federal Clean Air Act, as amended
CMS Energy
  CMS Energy Corporation, the parent of Consumers and Enterprises
CMS Energy Common Stock or common stock
  Common stock of CMS Energy, par value $.01 per share
CMS ERM
  CMS Energy Resource Management Company, formerly CMS MST, a subsidiary of Enterprises
CMS Field Services
  CMS Field Services, Inc., a former wholly owned subsidiary of CMS Gas Transmission
CMS Gas Transmission
  CMS Gas Transmission Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Enterprises
CMS Generation
  CMS Generation Co., a former wholly owned subsidiary of Enterprises
CMS International Ventures
  CMS International Ventures LLC, a subsidiary of Enterprises
CMS MST
  CMS Marketing, Services and Trading Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Enterprises, whose name was changed to CMS ERM effective January 2004
Consumers
  Consumers Energy Company, a subsidiary of CMS Energy
Customer Choice Act
  Customer Choice and Electricity Reliability Act, a Michigan statute enacted in June 2000
 
   
DCCP
  Defined Company Contribution Plan
Detroit Edison
  The Detroit Edison Company, a non-affiliated company

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DIG
  Dearborn Industrial Generation, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CMS Energy
DOE
  U.S. Department of Energy
DOJ
  U.S. Department of Justice
Dow
  The Dow Chemical Company, a non-affiliated company
 
   
EISP
  Executive Incentive Separation Plan
EITF
  Emerging Issues Task Force
EITF Issue No. 02-03
  Issues Involved in Accounting for Derivative Contracts Held for Trading Purposes and
 
  Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and Risk Management Activities
El Chocon
  A 1,200 MW hydro power plant located in Argentina, in which CMS Generation formerly held a
 
  17.2 percent ownership interest
Entergy
  Entergy Corporation, a non-affiliated company
Enterprises
  CMS Enterprises Company, a subsidiary of CMS Energy
EPA
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPS
  Earnings per share
Exchange Act
  Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
 
   
FASB
  Financial Accounting Standards Board
FERC
  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FIN 14
  FASB Interpretation No. 14, Reasonable Estimation of Amount of a Loss
FIN 46(R)
  Revised FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
FIN 47
  FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations
FIN 48
  FASB Interpretation No. 48, Uncertainty in Income Taxes
FMLP
  First Midland Limited Partnership, a partnership that holds a lessor interest in the MCV
 
  Facility
FSP FIN 39-1
  FASB Staff Position on FASB Interpretation No. 39-1, Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39
 
   
GAAP
  Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
GasAtacama
  GasAtacama Holding Limited, a limited liability partnership that manages GasAtacama S.A.,
 
  which includes an integrated natural gas pipeline and electric generating plant located in
 
  Argentina and Chile and Atacama Finance Company
GCR
  Gas cost recovery
 
   
ICSID
  International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes
IRS
  Internal Revenue Service
ISFSI
  Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation
 
   
Jamaica
  Jamaica Private Power Company, Limited, a 63 MW diesel-fueled power plant located in
 
  Jamaica, in which CMS Generation formerly owned a 42 percent interest

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Jorf Lasfar
  A 1,356 MW coal-fueled power plant in Morocco, in which CMS Generation formerly owned a 50 percent interest
Jubail
  A 240 MW natural gas cogeneration power plant in Saudi Arabia, in which CMS Generation formerly owned a 25 percent interest
 
   
kWh
  Kilowatt-hour (a unit of energy equal to one thousand watt hours)
 
   
LS Power Group
  LS Power Group, a non-affiliated company
Lucid Energy
  Lucid Energy LLC, a non-affiliated company
Ludington
  Ludington pumped storage plant, jointly owned by Consumers and Detroit Edison
 
   
mcf
  One thousand cubic feet of gas
MCV Facility
  A natural gas-fueled, combined-cycle cogeneration facility operated by the MCV Partnership
MCV Partnership
  Midland Cogeneration Venture Limited Partnership
MCV PPA
  The Power Purchase Agreement between Consumers and the MCV Partnership with a 35-year term
 
  commencing in March 1990, as amended, and as interpreted by the Settlement Agreement dated
 
  as of January 1, 1999 between the MCV Partnership and Consumers
MD&A
  Management’s Discussion and Analysis
MDEQ
  Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
MDL
  Multidistrict Litigation
METC
  Michigan Electric Transmission Company, LLC, a non-affiliated company
MISO
  Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc.
MMBtu
  Million British Thermal Units
Moody’s
  Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
MPSC
  Michigan Public Service Commission
MSBT
  Michigan Single Business Tax
MW
  Megawatt (a unit of power equal to one million watts)
MWh
  Megawatt hour (a unit of energy equal to one million watt hours)
 
   
Neyveli
  CMS Generation Neyveli Ltd, a 250 MW lignite-fired power station located in India, in which CMS International Ventures formerly owned a 50 percent interest
NMC
  Nuclear Management Company LLC, formed in 1999 by Northern States Power Company (now Xcel
 
  Energy Inc.), Alliant Energy, Wisconsin Electric Power Company, and Wisconsin Public Service
 
  Company to operate and manage nuclear generating facilities owned by the utilities
NRC
  Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NYMEX
  New York Mercantile Exchange
 
   
OPEB
  Postretirement benefit plans other than pensions for retired employees

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Palisades
  Palisades nuclear power plant, formerly owned by Consumers
Panhandle
  Panhandle Eastern Pipe Line Company, including its subsidiaries Trunkline, Pan Gas Storage,
 
  Panhandle Storage, and Panhandle Holdings, a former wholly owned subsidiary of CMS Gas
 
  Transmission
PCB
  Polychlorinated biphenyl
PDVSA
  Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.
Peabody Energy
  Peabody Energy Corporation, a non-affiliated company
Pension Plan
  The trusteed, non-contributory, defined benefit pension plan of Panhandle, Consumers and CMS
 
  Energy
PowerSmith
  A 124 MW natural gas power plant located in Oklahoma, in which CMS Generation formerly held a 6.25% limited partner ownership interest
PSCR
  Power supply cost recovery
PURPA
  Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978
 
   
Quicksilver
  Quicksilver Resources, Inc., a non-affiliated company
 
   
RCP
  Resource Conservation Plan
ROA
  Retail Open Access
 
   
S&P
  Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
SEC
  U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Section 10d(4) Regulatory Asset
  Regulatory asset as described in Section 10d(4) of the Customer Choice Act, as amended
Securitization
  A financing method authorized by statute and approved by the MPSC which allows a utility to
 
  sell its right to receive a portion of the rate payments received from its customers for the
 
  repayment of Securitization bonds issued by a special purpose entity affiliated with such
 
  utility
SENECA
  Sistema Electrico del Estado Nueva Esparta C.A., a former subsidiary of CMS International
 
  Ventures
SERP
  Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
SFAS
  Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
SFAS No. 5
  SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies”
SFAS No. 87
  SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions”
SFAS No. 88
  SFAS No. 88, “Employers’ Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit
 
  Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits”
SFAS No. 98
  SFAS No. 98, “Accounting for Leases”
SFAS No. 106
  SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions”
SFAS No. 109
  SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”
SFAS No. 115
  SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”
SFAS No. 132(R)
  SFAS No. 132 (revised 2003), “Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits”

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SFAS No. 133
  SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended and
 
  interpreted”
SFAS No. 143
  SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations”
SFAS No. 144
  SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”
SFAS No. 157
  SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurement”
SFAS No. 158
  SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement
 
  Plans — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)”
SFAS No. 159
  SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,
 
  Including an amendment to FASB Statement No. 115”
Shuweihat
  A power and desalination plant located in the United Arab Emirates, in which CMS Generation
 
  formerly owned a 20 percent interest
Stranded Costs
  Costs incurred by utilities in order to serve their customers in a regulated monopoly environment, which may not be recoverable in a competitive environment because of customers leaving their systems and ceasing to pay for their costs. These costs could include owned and purchased generation and regulatory assets.
Superfund
  Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
 
   
Takoradi
  A 200 MW open-cycle combustion turbine crude oil power plant located in Ghana, in which CMS
 
  Generation formerly owned a 90 percent interest
TAQA
  Abu Dhabi National Energy Company, a subsidiary of Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority
Taweelah
  Al Taweelah A2, a power and desalination plant of Emirates CMS Power Company located in the
 
  United Arab Emirates, in which CMS Generation formerly held a 40 percent interest
TGM
  A natural gas transportation and pipeline business located in Argentina, in which CMS
 
  International Ventures formerly owned a 20 percent interest
TGN
  A natural gas transportation and pipeline business located in Argentina, in which CMS Gas
 
  Transmission owns a 23.54 percent interest
Trunkline
  CMS Trunkline Gas Company, LLC, formerly a subsidiary of CMS Panhandle Holdings, LLC
 
   
Zeeland
  A 946 MW gas-fired power plant located in Zeeland, Michigan

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CMS Energy Corporation
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
This MD&A is a consolidated report of CMS Energy and Consumers. The terms “we” and “our” as used in this report refer to CMS Energy and its subsidiaries as a consolidated entity, except where it is clear that such term means only CMS Energy. This MD&A has been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Item 303 of Regulation S-K. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the MD&A contained in CMS Energy’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the Form 8-K filed June 4, 2007 amending CMS Energy’s 2006 financial statements to reflect certain discontinued operations resulting from recent asset sales.
Forward-looking statements and information
This Form 10-Q and other written and oral statements that we make contain forward-looking statements as defined in Rule 3b-6 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Rule 175 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and relevant legal decisions. Our intention with the use of such words as “may,” “could,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” and other similar words is to identify forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainty. We designed this discussion of potential risks and uncertainties to highlight important factors that may impact our business and financial outlook. We have no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements regardless of whether new information, future events, or any other factors affect the information contained in the statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to various factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated in these statements. Such factors include our inability to predict and (or) control:
    the price of CMS Energy Common Stock, capital and financial market conditions, and the effect of such market conditions on the Pension Plan, interest rates, and access to the capital markets, including availability of financing to CMS Energy, Consumers, or any of their affiliates, and the energy industry,
 
    market perception of the energy industry, CMS Energy, Consumers, or any of their affiliates,
 
    the ability of CMS Energy affiliates with interests in the DIG power plant to effectively restructure power supply agreements on a timely basis,
 
    factors affecting utility and diversified energy operations, such as unusual weather conditions, catastrophic weather-related damage, unscheduled generation outages, maintenance or repairs, environmental incidents, or electric transmission or gas pipeline system constraints,
 
    the impact of possible regulations or laws regarding carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions,
 
    national, regional, and local economic, competitive, and regulatory policies, conditions and developments,
 
    adverse regulatory or legal decisions, including those related to environmental laws and regulations, and potential environmental remediation costs associated with such decisions, including but not limited to those that may affect Bay Harbor,

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    potentially adverse regulatory treatment and (or) regulatory delay or failure to receive timely regulatory orders concerning a number of significant questions presently or potentially before the MPSC, including:
    recovery of Clean Air Act capital and operating costs and other environmental and safety-related expenditures,
 
    recovery of power supply and natural gas supply costs when fuel prices are increasing and (or) fluctuating,
 
    timely recognition in rates of additional equity investments in Consumers,
 
    adequate and timely recovery of additional electric and gas rate-based investments,
 
    adequate and timely recovery of higher MISO energy and transmission costs,
 
    recovery of Stranded Costs incurred due to customers choosing alternative energy suppliers,
 
    recovery of Palisades plant sale-related costs,
 
    authorization of Zeeland power plant purchase costs, and
 
    authorization of a new clean coal plant,
    the effects on our ability to purchase capacity to serve our customers and fully recover the cost of these purchases, if the owners of the MCV Facility exercise their right to terminate the MCV PPA,
 
    the ability of Consumers to utilize its regulatory out rights as it pertains to the MCV PPA,
 
    the ability of Consumers to recover Big Rock decommissioning funding shortfalls and nuclear fuel storage costs due to the DOE’s failure to accept spent nuclear fuel on schedule, including the outcome of pending litigation with the DOE,
 
    federal regulation of electric sales and transmission of electricity, including periodic re-examination by federal regulators of market-based sales authorizations in wholesale power markets without price restrictions,
 
    energy markets, including availability of capacity and the timing and extent of changes in commodity prices for oil, coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, electricity and certain related products due to lower or higher demand, shortages, transportation problems, or other developments,
 
    our ability to collect accounts receivable from our customers,
 
    earnings volatility as a result of the GAAP requirement that we utilize mark-to-market accounting on certain energy commodity contracts and interest rate swaps, which may have, in any given period, a significant positive or negative effect on earnings, which could change dramatically or be eliminated in subsequent periods,
 
    the effect on our utility and utility revenues of the direct and indirect impacts of the continued economic downturn experienced by the Michigan economy,
 
    potential disruption or interruption of facilities or operations due to accidents, war, terrorism, or changing political environment, and the ability to obtain or maintain insurance coverage for such events,
 
    technological developments in energy production, delivery, and usage,

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    achievement of capital expenditure and operating expense goals,
 
    changes in financial or regulatory accounting principles or policies,
 
    changes in domestic or foreign tax laws, or new IRS or foreign governmental interpretations of existing or past tax laws,
 
    changes in federal or state regulations or laws that could have an impact on our business,
 
    outcome, cost, and other effects of legal or administrative proceedings, settlements, investigations or claims, including claims, damages, and fines resulting from round-trip trading and alleged inaccurate commodity price reporting, including the outcome of investigations by the DOJ regarding round-trip trading and price reporting,
 
    disruptions in the normal commercial insurance and surety bond markets that may increase costs or reduce traditional insurance coverage, particularly terrorism and sabotage insurance and performance bonds,
 
    potential assertion of indemnity or warranty claims with respect to previously owned assets and businesses,
 
    credit ratings of CMS Energy, Consumers, or any of their affiliates,
 
    other business or investment considerations that may be disclosed from time to time in CMS Energy’s or Consumers’ SEC filings, or in other publicly issued written documents, and
 
    other uncertainties that are difficult to predict, many of which are beyond our control.
For additional information regarding these and other uncertainties, see the “Outlook” section included in this MD&A, Note 3, Contingencies, and Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors.

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Executive Overview
CMS Energy is an energy company operating primarily in Michigan. We are the parent holding company of Consumers and Enterprises. Consumers is a combination electric and gas utility company serving in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. Enterprises, through various subsidiaries and equity investments, is engaged primarily in domestic independent power production. We manage our businesses by the nature of services each provides and operate principally in three business segments: electric utility, gas utility, and enterprises.
We earn our revenue and generate cash from operations by providing electric and natural gas utility services, electric power generation, and gas distribution, transmission, and storage. Our businesses are affected primarily by:
    weather, especially during the normal heating and cooling seasons,
 
    economic conditions, primarily in Michigan,
 
    regulation and regulatory issues that affect our electric and gas utility operations,
 
    energy commodity prices,
 
    interest rates, and
 
    our debt credit rating.
During the past several years, our business strategy has involved improving our consolidated balance sheet and maintaining focus on our core strength: utility operations and service. As an indication of our commitment to our utility business, we have invested $650 million in Consumers during 2007.
We have completed the sale of all of our international Enterprises assets, using the proceeds to retire debt and to invest in our utility business. Asset sales completed in 2007 include:
    a portfolio of our businesses in Argentina and our northern Michigan non-utility natural gas assets to Lucid Energy for $130 million in March 2007,
 
    our ownership interest in El Chocon, an Argentine hydroelectric generating business, to Endesa, S.A. for $50 million in March 2007,
 
    our ownership interest in SENECA and certain associated generating equipment to PDVSA for $106 million in April 2007,
 
    our ownership interest in businesses in the Middle East, Africa, and India to TAQA for $900 million in May 2007,
 
    CMS Energy Brasil S.A. to CPFL Energia S.A., a Brazilian utility, for $211 million in June 2007,
 
    our investment in GasAtacama to Endesa S.A. for $80 million in August 2007, and
 
    our investment in Jamaica to AEI for $14 million in October 2007.
We also made important progress at Consumers to reduce business risk and to meet the future needs of our customers. We sold Palisades to Entergy in April 2007 for $380 million. The final purchase price, subject to various closing adjustments, resulted in us receiving $363 million as of September 30, 2007. The sale also resulted in an immediate improvement in our cash flow, a reduction in our nuclear operating and decommissioning risk, and an improvement in our financial flexibility to support other utility investments.
In September 2007, we claimed relief under the regulatory-out provision in the MCV PPA, thereby limiting our capacity and fixed energy payments to the MCV Partnership to the amounts that we collect from our customers. As a result of our exercise of the regulatory-out provision, the MCV Partnership may,

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under certain circumstances, have the right to terminate or reduce the amount of capacity sold under the MCV PPA, which could affect our need to build or purchase additional generating capacity. The MCV Partnership has notified us that it disputes our right to exercise the regulatory-out provision.
We introduced our Balanced Energy Initiative, a comprehensive plan to meet customer energy needs over the next 20 years, in May 2007. The plan, as filed with the MPSC, is designed to meet the growing customer demand for electricity with energy efficiency, demand management, expansion of the use of renewable energy, and development of new power plants to complement existing generating sources. In September 2007, we filed the second phase of our Balanced Energy Initiative with the MPSC, which contains our plan for construction of a new 800 MW clean coal plant at an existing site located near Bay City, Michigan. Our plan calls for 500 MW of the plant’s output to be used for our customers in Michigan and to commit the remaining 300 MW to others. We expect the plant to enter operation in 2015 with our share of the cost estimated at $1.3 billion excluding financing costs and $1.6 billion with financing costs.
In May 2007, we entered an agreement to buy a 946 MW natural gas-fired power plant located in Zeeland, Michigan from Broadway Gen Funding LLC, an affiliate of LS Power Group, for $517 million. We expect to close by early 2008, subject to approval from the MPSC.
We took an important step in our business plan in January 2007 by reinstating a quarterly dividend of $0.05 per share on our common stock, after a four-year suspension. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we paid $34 million in common stock dividends. We also resolved a long-outstanding litigation issue. In September 2007, we settled two class action lawsuits related to round-trip trading by CMS MST. We believe that eliminating this business uncertainty was in the best interests of our shareholders.
We also are in the process of restructuring our investment in DIG. This restructuring may involve renegotiation or possible buyout of the DIG power sales contracts as well as other measures. These options may require material cash payments. We believe that resolving the issues associated with the unfavorable supply contracts will allow us to maximize future benefits from our DIG investment.
In the future, we will focus our strategy on:
    reducing parent debt,
 
    continued investment in our utility business,
 
    growing earnings while controlling operating costs, and
 
    principles of safe, efficient operations, customer value, fair and timely regulation, and consistent financial performance.
As we execute our strategy, we will need to overcome a sluggish Michigan economy that has been hampered by negative developments in Michigan’s automotive industry and limited growth in the non-automotive sectors of the state’s economy.

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Results of Operations
CMS Energy Consolidated Results of Operations
                         
In Millions (except for per share amounts)  
Three months ended September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders
  $ 82     $ (103 )   $ 185  
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share
  $ 0.37     $ (0.47 )   $ 0.84  
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share
  $ 0.34     $ (0.47 )   $ 0.81  
 
 
                       
Electric Utility
  $ 67     $ 93     $ (26 )
Gas Utility
    (8 )     (20 )     12  
Enterprises (Includes the MCV Partnership and FMLP interests)
    58       (133 )     191  
Corporate Interest and Other
    (35 )     (54 )     19  
Discontinued Operations
          11       (11 )
 
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders
  $ 82     $ (103 )   $ 185  
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2007, our net income was $82 million, a $185 million increase compared to our 2006 third quarter net loss. Compared with the third quarter of 2006, net loss from our gas utility decreased, reflecting the positive effect of an MPSC gas rate order. At our Enterprises and Corporate segments, the positive impacts from the recognition of an insurance award, the recognition of a gain related to our sale of assets to Lucid, and the absence of a 2006 asset impairment charge more than offset the absence of a 2006 property tax refund at the MCV Partnership. Net income was negatively impacted by decreased Palisades-related earnings at our electric utility and the absence of earnings from discontinued operations.
Specific changes to net income available to common stockholders for the three months ended September 30, 2007 versus 2006 are:
                 
In Millions  
 
     
absence of a 2006 asset impairment of our investment in GasAtacama,
    169  
     
recognition of an insurance reimbursement related to the non-payment by the Argentine government of our ICSID award,
    48  
     
increase in earnings from our gas utility primarily due to the positive effect of an MPSC gas rate order,
    12  
     
recognition of a gain associated with the sale of our Argentine and Michigan assets to Lucid Energy,
    11  
     
increase in earnings from Enterprises primarily due to decreased operating and maintenance expenses, and mark-to-market gains at CMS ERM compared to losses in 2006, partially offset by the absence of earnings from equity method investments that were sold in 2007,
    8  
     
absence of a 2006 property tax refund at the MCV Partnership,
    (26 )
     
decreased Palisades-related earnings at our electric utility partially offset by lower operating and maintenance expenses, and
    (26 )
     
reduction in earnings from discontinued operations.
    (11 )
 
Total Change   $ 185  
 

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In Millions (except for per share amounts)  
Nine months ended September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
Net Loss Available to Common Stockholders
  $ (100 )   $ (58 )   $ (42 )
Basic Loss Per Share
  $ (0.45 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.19 )
Diluted Loss Per Share
  $ (0.45 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.19 )
 
 
                       
Electric Utility
  $ 158     $ 159     $ (1 )
Gas Utility
    53       14       39  
Enterprises (Includes the MCV Partnership and FMLP interests)
    (173 )     (215 )     42  
Corporate Interest and Other
    (51 )     (48 )     (3 )
Discontinued Operations
    (87 )     32       (119 )
 
Net Loss Available to Common Stockholders
  $ (100 )   $ (58 )   $ (42 )
 
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, our net loss was $100 million, a $42 million increase in net loss compared to 2006. Compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2006, net income from our gas and electric utilities increased, reflecting the positive effect of an MPSC gas rate order, an increase in gas deliveries due to weather, and lower operating and maintenance expenses. These impacts were partially offset by decreased Palisades-related earnings at our electric utility. At our Enterprises and Corporate segments, the positive impacts from a reduction in net asset impairment charges, and gains from mark-to-market activity compared to losses in 2006, more than offset the net negative impact of taxes and the absence of earnings from equity investments sold in 2007. Net income was negatively impacted by activities associated with discontinued operations as the net loss on the disposal of international businesses in 2007 replaced earnings recorded for these businesses in 2006.

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Specific changes to net loss available to common stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 versus 2006 are:
                 
In Millions  
 
     
impairments of our investments in TGN, GasAtacama, Jamaica, and PowerSmith,
  $ (181 )
     
impact of activities associated with discontinued operations as the net loss on the disposal of international businesses in 2007 replaced earnings recorded for these businesses in 2006,
    (119 )
     
absence of tax benefits recorded at Corporate and Enterprises in 2006 from the resolution of an IRS income tax audit,
    (54 )
     
the establishment of a tax provision on the cumulative undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries sold in 2007, compared to tax benefits recorded in 2006,
    (67 )
     
absence of earnings from our equity method investments that were sold in 2007,
    (17 )
     
absence of an insurance reimbursement received for previously incurred legal expenses,
    (15 )
     
premiums paid on the early retirement of corporate debt,
    (6 )
     
absence of a 2006 GasAtacma impairment,
    169  
     
reduction to our corporate deferred tax valuation allowances associated with capital loss carryforwards and foreign basis differences primarily due to the sale of international businesses in 2007 compared to an increase in the valuation allowance in 2006,
    94  
     
recognition of an insurance reimbursement related to the non-payment by the Argentine government of our ICSID award,
    48  
     
increase in earnings at our gas and electric utility segments,
    38  
     
absence of mark-to-market losses net of operating earnings from our investment in the MCV Partnership, and
    35  
     
additional increase in earnings at Enterprises primarily due to mark-to-market gains at CMS ERM compared to losses in 2006 and gains associated with asset sales.
    33  
 
Total Change   $ (42 )
 

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ELECTRIC UTILITY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
                         
In Millions  
September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
 
                       
Three months ended
  $ 67     $ 93     $ (26 )
Nine months ended
  $ 158     $ 159     $ (1 )
 
                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30, 2007     September 30, 2007  
Reasons for the change:   vs. 2006     vs. 2006  
 
 
               
Electric deliveries
  $ (6 )   $ 26  
Surcharge revenue
    3       11  
Palisades revenue to PSCR
    (50 )     (91 )
Power supply costs and related revenue
    (6 )     (18 )
Other operating expenses, other income, and non-commodity revenue
    33       97  
General taxes
    (7 )     (14 )
Interest charges
    (7 )     (13 )
Income taxes
    14       1  
     
Total change
  $ (26 )   $ (1 )
 
Electric deliveries: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, electric delivery revenues decreased $6 million versus 2006, as deliveries to end-use customers were 10.5 billion kWh, a decrease of less than 0.1 billion kWh or less than 1 percent versus 2006. The decrease in electric deliveries for the three months ended September 30, 2007 is primarily due to unfavorable weather. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, electric delivery revenues increased $26 million versus 2006, as deliveries to end-use customers were 29.5 billion kWh, an increase of 0.5 billion kWh or 2 percent versus 2006. The increase in electric deliveries for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 is primarily due to favorable weather.
Surcharge revenue : In the first quarter of 2006, we started collecting a surcharge that the MPSC authorized under Section 10d(4) of the Customer Choice Act. The surcharge factors increased in January 2007 pursuant to a MPSC order. The increase in the surcharge factors increased electric delivery revenue by $3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and $11 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 versus 2006.
Palisades revenue to PSCR: As a result of the sale of Palisades, electric revenue of $50 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and $91 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, related to Palisades rate base is now designated toward recovery of PSCR costs.
Power supply costs and related revenue: PSCR revenue decreased by $6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and $18 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 versus 2006. These decreases primarily reflect amounts excluded from recovery in the 2006 PSCR Reconciliation case. A portion of these excluded costs are instead being recovered through Electric Delivery Revenue. The decrease also reflects the absence, in 2007, of an increase in Power Supply Revenue associated with the 2005 PSCR Reconciliation case.

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Other operating expenses, other income and non-commodity revenue: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, other operating expenses decreased $30 million, other income increased $10 million, and non-commodity revenue decreased $7 million versus 2006. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, other operating expenses decreased $79 million, other income increased $26 million, and non-commodity revenue decreased $8 million versus 2006.
The decrease in other operating expenses was primarily due to lower operating and maintenance expense, including reductions to certain workers’ compensation and injuries and damages expense. These decreases were offset partially by higher depreciation and amortization expense. Operating and maintenance expense decreased primarily due to the absence, in 2007, of costs incurred in 2006 related to a planned refueling outage at Palisades, and lower overhead line maintenance, and storm restoration costs. Also contributing to the decrease was the sale of Palisades in April 2007. Depreciation and amortization expense increased due to higher non-nuclear plant in service and greater amortization of certain regulatory assets.
For the three months ended September 30, 2007, the increase in other income was primarily due to higher interest income mainly due to the proceeds from the sale of Palisades and equity infusions from the parent. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the increase in other income was primarily due to higher interest income and higher income associated with our Section 10d(4) Regulatory Asset. The increase on our Section 10d(4) Regulatory Asset reflects the absence, in 2007, of the impact of the MPSC’s final order in this case.
General taxes: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, general tax expense increased primarily due to higher property tax and MSBT tax expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, general tax expense increased primarily due to higher property tax, sales and use tax expense, and MSBT tax expense.
Interest charges: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, interest charges increased $7 million versus 2006. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, interest charges increased $13 million versus 2006. The increase was primarily due to interest associated with amounts to be refunded to customers as a result of the sale of Palisades. The MPSC order approving the Palisades power purchase agreement with Entergy directed us to record interest on the unrefunded balance.
Income taxes: For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2007, income taxes decreased versus 2006 primarily due to lower earnings.

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GAS UTILITY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
                         
In Millions  
September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
 
                       
Three months ended
  $ (8 )   $ (20 )   $ 12  
Nine months ended
  $ 53     $ 14     $ 39  
 
                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
Reasons for the change:   2007 vs. 2006     2007 vs. 2006  
 
 
               
Gas deliveries
  $ 5     $ 22  
Gas rate increase
    11       56  
Gas wholesale and retail services, other gas revenues and other income
    3       13  
Operation and maintenance
    (2 )     (22 )
General taxes and depreciation
    (4 )     (10 )
Interest charges
    3       2  
Income taxes
    (4 )     (22 )
     
 
               
Total change
  $ 12     $ 39  
 
Gas deliveries: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, gas deliveries decreased less than 1 bcf or 1 percent versus 2006. Despite lower gas deliveries, gas delivery revenue increased by $5 million due to higher estimated system efficiency.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, gas delivery revenues increased by $22 million versus 2006 as gas deliveries, including miscellaneous transportation to end-use customers, were 207 bcf, an increase of 18 bcf or 9 percent. The increase in gas deliveries was primarily due to favorable weather.
Gas rate increases: In November 2006, the MPSC issued an order authorizing an annual rate increase of $81 million. In August 2007, the MPSC issued an order authorizing an annual rate increase of $50 million. As a result of these orders, gas revenues increased $11 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and $56 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007.
Gas wholesale and retail services, other gas revenues and other income: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, the increase was primarily due to higher pipeline capacity optimization revenue.
Operation and maintenance: For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2007, operation and maintenance expenses increased versus 2006 primarily due to higher uncollectible accounts expense and contributions, beginning in November 2006 pursuant to a November 2006 MPSC order, to a fund that provides energy assistance to low-income customers.
General taxes and depreciation: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, depreciation expense increased versus 2006 primarily due to higher plant in service. The increase in general taxes primarily reflects higher property tax expense and MSBT tax expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, depreciation expense increased versus 2006 primarily due to higher plant in service. The increase in general taxes primarily reflects higher property tax expense.
Interest charges: For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2007, interest charges reflect lower average debt levels versus 2006.

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Income taxes: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, income taxes increased versus 2006 primarily due to higher earnings by the gas utility.
ENTERPRISES RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
                         
In Millions  
September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
 
                       
Three months ended
  $ 58     $ (133 )   $ 191  
Nine months ended
  $ (173 )   $ (215 )   $ 42  
 
                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30, 2007     September 30, 2007  
Reasons for the change:   vs. 2006     vs. 2006  
 
 
               
Operating revenues
  $ 17     $ 24  
Cost of gas and purchased power
    1       20  
Earnings from equity method investees
    (19 )     (26 )
Gain on sale of assets
    18       16  
Operation and maintenance
    13       7  
General taxes, depreciation, and other income, net
    6       6  
Asset impairment, net of insurance reimbursement
    288       25  
Fixed charges
    4       9  
Minority interest
    (6 )     (6 )
Income taxes
    (103 )     (68 )
The MCV Partnership
    (28 )     35  
     
 
Total change
  $ 191     $ 42  
 
Operating revenues: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, operating revenues increased $17 million versus 2006 primarily due to $22 million of mark-to-market gain in power and gas contracts compared to losses on such items in 2006 at CMS ERM. Partially offsetting these increases were decreases of $5 million in third party power and gas sales.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, operating revenues increased $24 million versus 2006 primarily due to higher revenues at CMS ERM resulting from mark-to-market gains of $89 million on power and gas contracts compared to losses on such items in 2006 and increased power sales of $25 million. These were offset partially by the write off of $40 million derivative assets associated with the Quicksilver contract that was voided by the trial judge in May 2007, absence of 2006 third party financial settlements of $22 million, and decreased third party gas sales of $28 million.
Cost of gas and purchased power: For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, cost of gas and purchased power decreased $20 million versus 2006. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $32 million in power purchases from the MISO market, offset partially by higher cost of gas of $12 million resulting from increased usage and higher prices.
Earnings from equity method investees: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, earnings from equity method investees decreased by $19 million versus 2006. The decrease was due to the absence of $17 million of earnings associated with our investments in Africa, the Middle East and India that were sold in May 2007 and a $2 million reduction in earnings associated with our investment in GasAtacama.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 earnings from equity method investees decreased by $26 million versus 2006. The decrease was due to the absence of $41 million of earnings associated with sale of our investments in Africa, the Middle East and India in May 2007, and a $5 million reduction in earnings associated with our investment in GasAtacama due to the shortage of gas from Argentina, offset by the absence in 2007 of a $20 million provision for higher foreign taxes in Argentina recorded in 2006.
Gain on sale of assets: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, the net gain on asset sales was $18 million. $17 million of the net gain resulted from the settlement of certain legal proceedings associated with the sale of our Argentine and Michigan assets to Lucid Energy. We also recorded $1 million in gains from the sale of various assets at CMS ERM. There were no gains or losses on asset sales for the three months ended September 30, 2006. For additional details, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the net gain on asset sales was $16 million. The net gain consisted of $34 million from the sale of our equity investment in El Chocon to Endesa S.A. and $1 million in gains from the sale of various assets at CMS Energy. These gains were partially offset by a $14 million net loss on the sale of our equity investments in Africa, the Middle East and India to TAQA and a $5 million net loss on the sale of our Argentine and Michigan assets to Lucid Energy. There were no gains or losses on asset sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. For additional details, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.
Operation and maintenance: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, operation and maintenance expenses decreased $13 million versus 2006 due to the absence, in 2007, of a $6 million loss recorded on the termination of the remaining prepaid gas contracts at CMS ERM, reimbursement of $3 million in arbitration costs at CMS Gas Transmission, and a $4 million net reduction in other expenses primarily due to the absence of expenses associated with assets sold during the first six months of 2007.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, operation and maintenance expenses decreased $7 million versus 2006 due to the absence, in 2007, of a $6 million loss recorded on the termination of the remaining prepaid gas contracts at CMS ERM, reimbursement of $3 million in arbitration costs at CMS Gas Transmission, partially offset by a $2 million net increase in other expenses primarily due to expenses associated with assets sold during the first six months of 2007.
General taxes, depreciation, and other income, net: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, the net of general taxes, depreciation, and other income increased operating income by $6 million versus 2006 due to lower accretion expense related to the termination of the prepaid gas contracts at CMS ERM.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the net of general taxes, depreciation, and other income increased operating income by $6 million versus 2006 due to lower accretion expense of $4 million related to the termination of the prepaid gas contracts at CMS ERM, and lower expense due to asset sales of $2 million.
Asset impairment charges, net of insurance reimbursement: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, asset impairment charges, net of insurance reimbursement, decreased $288 million versus 2006. The decrease in impairment charges relates to a $75 million credit recorded in September 2007 to recognize a prior insurance award associated with our ownership interest in TGN, and the absence, in 2007, of a $213 million impairment of our equity investment in GasAtacama and related notes receivable recorded in 2006. For additional details, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, asset impairment charges, net of insurance reimbursement, decreased $25 million versus 2006. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded net impairment charges of $204 million that included $277 million of charges for the reduction in fair value of our investments in TGN, Jamaica, GasAtacama and PowerSmith, and a $75 million credit to recognize a

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prior insurance award associated with our ownership interest in TGN. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we recorded a $212 million charge for the reduction in the fair value of our equity investment in GasAtacama and related notes receivable. For additional details, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.
Fixed charges: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, fixed charges decreased due to lower interest expenses from subsidiary debt due to asset sales in 2007.
Minority Interest: The allocation of profits to minority owners decreases our net income, and the allocation of losses to minority owners increases our net income. For the three months ended September 30, 2007, minority owners shared in a portion of the profits at our subsidiaries. For the three months ended September 30, 2006, minority owners shared in a portion of losses at our subsidiaries.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, minority owners shared in a portion of greater profits at our subsidiaries versus profits shared in 2006.
Income taxes: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, income tax expense increased $103 million versus 2006. The increase reflects $113 million of tax expense on higher earnings and the absence of $4 million in tax benefits recorded in 2006 related to foreign subsidiaries subsequently sold in 2007, offset by $14 million of tax benefit primarily related to lower tax reserves in 2007.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, income tax expense increased $68 million versus 2006. The increase reflects the $68 million net increase in tax expense on earnings associated with the recognition of previously unremitted foreign earnings of subsidiaries sold in 2007. Also increasing tax expense was $26 million of tax expense on higher earnings. These expenses were offset by $26 million of tax benefits primarily related to lower tax reserves in 2007.
The MCV Partnership: Due to the November 2006 sale of our ownership interests in the MCV Partnership, we have condensed their consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 for discussion purposes. The decrease in losses from our ownership interest in the MCV Partnership is primarily due to the absence, in 2007, of mark-to-market losses on certain long-term contracts and financial hedges.
CORPORATE INTEREST AND OTHER RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
                         
In Millions  
September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
 
                       
Three months ended
  $ (35 )   $ (54 )   $ 19  
Nine months ended
  $ (51 )   $ (48 )   $ (3 )
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2007, corporate interest and other net expenses were $35 million, a decrease of $19 million versus 2006. The $19 million decrease primarily reflects the absence, in 2007, of a portion of the reduction in fair value of our investment in GasAtacama recognized in 2006 and reduced interest expense due to lower debt levels in 2007. Partially offsetting the decrease were premiums on the early retirement of CMS Energy debt paid in 2007.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, corporate interest and other net expense were $51 million, an increase of $3 million versus 2006. The $3 million increase primarily reflects the absence, in 2007, of a tax benefit due to the resolution of an IRS income tax audit, higher income tax expense in 2007, and the absence of an insurance reimbursement received in June 2006 for previously incurred legal expenses. Also contributing to the increase was the recognition of a portion of the reduction in fair value of our investment in GasAtacama and premiums paid on the early retirement of CMS Energy

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debt in June 2007. Partially offsetting the increase was the reduction of certain deferred tax valuation allowances in March 2007 that were no longer required due to the sale of our international operations.
Discontinued Operations: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, there was no net income from discontinued operations compared to net income of $11 million in 2006.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the net loss from discontinued operations was $87 million compared to $32 million in net income in 2006. The $119 million change is primarily due to the net loss on the disposal of international businesses in 2007, which replaced earnings recorded for these businesses in 2006.
Critical Accounting Policies
The following accounting policies are important to an understanding of our results of operations and financial condition and should be considered an integral part of our MD&A. For additional accounting policies, see Note 1, Corporate Structure and Accounting Policies.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions
We use estimates and assumptions in preparing our consolidated financial statements that may affect reported amounts and disclosures. We use accounting estimates for asset valuations, depreciation, amortization, financial and derivative instruments, employee benefits, and contingencies. For example, we estimate the rate of return on plan assets and the cost of future health-care benefits to determine our annual pension and other postretirement benefit costs. Actual results may differ from estimated results due to factors such as changes in the regulatory environment, competition, foreign exchange, regulatory decisions, and lawsuits.
Contingencies: We are involved in various regulatory and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We record a liability for contingencies based upon our assessment that a loss is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We use the principles in SFAS No. 5 when recording estimated liabilities for contingencies. We consider many factors in making these assessments, including the history and specifics of each matter.
The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to ongoing audits by federal, state, and foreign tax authorities, which can result in proposed assessments. Our estimate for the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issue is highly judgmental. We believe we have provided adequately for any likely outcome related to these matters. However, our future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities in the period the assessments are made or resolved or when statutes of limitation on potential assessments expire. As a result, our effective tax rate may fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis. The FASB issued a new interpretation on the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions that we adopted on January 1, 2007. For additional details, see the “Implementation of New Accounting Standards” section included in this MD&A.
Discontinued Operations: We have determined that certain consolidated subsidiaries meet the criteria of assets held for sale under SFAS No. 144. At December 31, 2006, these subsidiaries included our Argentine businesses sold in March 2007, a majority of our Michigan non-utility businesses sold in March 2007, CMS Energy Brasil S.A., Takoradi, SENECA, and certain associated holding companies. There were no assets classified as held for sale at September 30, 2007. For additional details, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.

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Accounting for Financial and Derivative Instruments, Trading Activities, and Market Risk Information
Financial Instruments: Debt and equity securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value determined from quoted market prices. Unrealized gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value of certain available-for-sale debt and equity securities are reported, net of tax, in equity as part of AOCL. Unrealized gains or losses are excluded from earnings unless the related changes in fair value are determined to be other than temporary.
Derivative Instruments: We account for derivative instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 133. Except as noted within this section, since the year ended December 31, 2006, there have been no significant changes in the amount or types of derivatives that we hold or to how we account for derivatives. For additional details on our derivatives, see Note 6, Financial and Derivative Instruments.
To determine the fair value of our derivatives, we use information from external sources (i.e., quoted market prices and third party valuations), if available. For certain contracts, this information is not available and we use mathematical valuation models to value our derivatives. These models require various inputs and assumptions, including commodity market prices and volatilities, as well as interest rates and contract maturity dates. The following table summarizes the interest rate and volatility rate assumptions we used to value these contracts at September 30, 2007:
                 
 
    Interest Rates (%)   Volatility Rates (%)
 
Electricity-related option contracts
    3.6       68 — 113  
 
Changes in forward prices or volatilities could significantly change the calculated fair value of our derivative contracts. The cash returns we actually realize on these contracts may vary, either positively or negatively, from the results that we estimate using these models. As part of valuing our derivatives at market, we maintain reserves, if necessary, for credit risks arising from the financial condition of our counterparties.
Derivative Contracts Associated with Equity Investments : In May 2007, we sold our ownership interest in businesses in the Middle East, Africa, and India. Certain of these businesses held interest rate contracts and foreign exchange contracts that were derivatives. Before the sale, we recorded our proportionate share of the change in fair value of these contracts in AOCL if the contracts qualified for cash flow hedge accounting; otherwise, we recorded our share in Earnings from Equity Method Investees.
At the date of the sale, we had accumulated a net loss of $13 million, net of tax, in AOCL representing our proportionate share of mark-to-market gains and losses from cash flow hedges held by the equity method investees. After the sale, we reclassified this amount and recognized it in earnings as a reduction of the gain on the sale. For additional details on the sale of our interest in these equity method investees, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.

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CMS ERM Contracts: CMS ERM enters into and owns energy contracts that support CMS Energy’s ongoing operations. We include the fair value of the derivative contracts held by CMS ERM in either Price risk management assets or Price risk management liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following tables provide a summary of these contracts at September 30, 2007:
                         
         
                    In Millions  
    Non-Trading     Trading     Total  
 
Fair value of contracts outstanding at December 31, 2006
  $ 31     $ (68 )   $ (37 )
Fair value of new contracts when entered into during the period (a)
          (1 )     (1 )
Contracts realized or otherwise settled during the period (b)
    (6 )     67       61  
Other changes in fair value (c)
    (26 )     (12 )     (38 )
 
Fair value of contracts outstanding at September 30, 2007
  $ (1 )   $ (14 )   $ (15 )
 
(a) Reflects only the initial premium payments (receipts) for new contracts. No unrealized gains or losses were recognized at the inception of any new contracts.
(b) The fair value of CMS ERM’s trading contracts has increased significantly from December 31, 2006 due to the termination of certain gas contracts. CMS ERM had recorded derivative liabilities, representing cumulative unrealized mark-to-market losses, associated with these contracts.
(c) Reflects changes in the fair value of contracts over the period, as well as increases or decreases to credit reserves. For CMS ERM’s non-trading contracts, this amount also reflects the rescission of a natural gas contract with Quicksilver. CMS ERM had recorded a derivative asset, representing cumulative unrealized mark-to-market gains, associated with this contract. See Note 3, Contingencies, “Other Contingencies — Quicksilver Resources, Inc.” for additional details.
                                         
Fair Value of Non-Trading Contracts at September 30, 2007                     In Millions  
    Total             Maturity (in years)        
Source of Fair Value   Fair Value     Less than 1     1 to 3     4 to 5     Greater than 5  
 
Prices actively quoted
  $     $     $     $     $  
Prices obtained from external sources or based on models and other valuation methods
    (1 )     (1 )                  
 
Total
  $ (1 )   $ (1 )   $     $     $  
 
                                         
Fair Value of Trading Contracts at September 30, 2007                             In Millions  
    Total             Maturity (in years)        
Source of Fair Value   Fair Value     Less than 1     1 to 3     4 to 5     Greater than 5  
 
Prices actively quoted
  $ (3 )   $ (3 )   $     $     $  
Prices obtained from external sources or based on models and other valuation methods
    (11 )     (9 )     (2 )            
 
Total
  $ (14 )   $ (12 )   $ (2 )   $     $  
 
Market Risk Information: The following is an update of our risk sensitivities since December 31, 2006. These sensitivities indicate the potential loss in fair value, cash flows, or future earnings from our financial instruments, including our derivative contracts, assuming a hypothetical adverse change in market rates or prices of 10 percent. Changes in excess of the amounts shown in the sensitivity analyses could occur if changes in market rates or prices exceed the 10 percent shift used for the analyses.

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Interest Rate Risk Sensitivity Analysis (assuming an increase in market interest rates of 10 percent):
                 
            In Millions  
    September 30, 2007     December 31, 2006  
 
Variable-rate financing — before-tax annual earnings exposure
  $ 2     $ 4  
Fixed-rate financing — potential reduction in fair value (a)
    181       193  
 
(a)     Fair value reduction could only be realized if we repurchased all of our fixed-rate financing.
Commodity Price Risk Sensitivity Analysis (assuming an adverse change in market prices of 10 percent):
                 
            In Millions  
    September 30, 2007     December 31, 2006  
 
Potential reduction in fair value:
               
 
               
Non-trading contracts
               
CMS ERM gas forward contracts
  $     $ 3  
 
               
Trading contracts
               
Electricity-related option contracts
          3  
Electricity-related swaps
    3        
Gas-related option contracts
          1  
Gas-related swaps and futures
    2       1  
 
Investment Securities Price Risk Sensitivity Analysis (assuming an adverse change in market prices of 10 percent):
                 
            In Millions  
    September 30, 2007     December 31, 2006  
 
Potential reduction in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities (primarily SERP investments):
  $ 6     $ 6  
 
For additional details on market risk and derivative activities, see Note 6, Financial and Derivative Instruments.
Other
Other accounting policies important to an understanding of our results of operations and financial condition include:
    accounting for long-lived assets and equity method investments,
 
    accounting for the effects of industry regulation,
 
    accounting for pension and OPEB,
 
    accounting for asset retirement obligations, and
 
    accounting for nuclear decommissioning costs.
These accounting policies were disclosed in our 2006 Form 10-K and there have been no subsequent material changes.

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Capital Resources And Liquidity
Factors affecting our liquidity and capital requirements are:
    results of operations,
 
    capital expenditures,
 
    energy commodity and transportation costs,
 
    contractual obligations,
 
    regulatory decisions,
 
    debt maturities,
 
    credit ratings,
 
    working capital needs, and
 
    collateral requirements.
During the summer months, we purchase natural gas and store it for resale primarily during the winter heating season. Although our prudent natural gas costs are recoverable from our customers, the amount paid for natural gas stored as inventory requires additional liquidity due to the lag in cost recovery.
Our current financial plan includes controlling operating expenses and capital expenditures and evaluating market conditions for financing opportunities, if needed.
We believe the following items will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs:
    our current level of cash and revolving credit facilities,
 
    our anticipated cash flows from operating and investing activities, and
 
    our ability to access secured and unsecured borrowing capacity in the capital markets, if necessary.
In the second quarter of 2007, Moody’s and S&P upgraded long-term credit ratings of CMS Energy and Consumers and revised the rating outlook to stable from positive.
Cash Position, Investing, and Financing
Our operating, investing, and financing activities meet consolidated cash needs. At September 30, 2007, we had $1.293 billion consolidated cash, which includes $48 million of restricted cash and $4 million from entities consolidated pursuant to FIN 46(R).
Our primary ongoing source of cash is dividends and other distributions from our subsidiaries. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, Consumers paid $176 million in common stock dividends to CMS Energy.
Summary of Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
                 
            In Millions  
Nine months ended September 30   2007     2006  
 
Net cash provided by (used in):
               
Operating activities
  $ (116 )   $ 447  
Investing activities
    1,394       (436 )
     
Net cash provided by operating and investing activities
    1,278       11  
Financing activities
    (386 )     (400 )
Effect of exchange rates on cash
    2       1  
     
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
  $ 894     $ (388 )
 
Operating Activities: For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, net cash used in operating

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activities was $116 million, an increase of $563 million versus 2006. The increase in cash used in operations was a result of the absence, in 2007, of the sale of accounts receivable combined with payments made to fund our pension plan and to settle a shareholder class action lawsuit. The absence of the return of funds formerly held as collateral under certain gas hedging arrangements and other timing differences also contributed to the increased use of cash from operations. These increases were offset partially by the absence of the MCV Partnership gas supplier funds on deposit and a decrease in expenditures for gas inventory, as the milder winter in 2006 allowed us to accumulate more gas in our storage facilities.
Investing Activities: For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, net cash provided by investing activities was $1.394 billion, an increase of $1.83 billion versus 2006. This increase was primarily due to proceeds from asset sales and proceeds from nuclear decommissioning trust funds. For additional details on asset sales, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.
Financing Activities: For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, cash used in financing activities was $386 million, a decrease of $14 million versus 2006. This was primarily due to a decrease in debt payments offset by the payment of common stock dividends. For additional details on long-term debt activity, see Note 4, Financings and Capitalization.
Our cash flow statements include amounts related to discontinued operations through the date of disposal. For additional details on discontinued operations, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.
Obligations and Commitments
Revolving Credit Facilities: For details on our revolving credit facilities, see Note 4, Financings and Capitalization.
Dividend Restrictions: For details on dividend restrictions, see Note 4, Financings and Capitalization.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements: CMS Energy and certain of its subsidiaries enter into various arrangements in the normal course of business to facilitate commercial transactions with third parties. These arrangements include indemnifications, letters of credit, surety bonds, and financial and performance guarantees.
We enter into agreements containing indemnifications standard in the industry and indemnifications specific to a transaction, such as the sale of a subsidiary. Indemnifications are usually agreements to reimburse other companies if those companies incur losses due to third party claims or breach of contract terms. Banks, on our behalf, issue letters of credit guaranteeing payment to a third party. Letters of credit substitute the bank’s credit for ours and reduce credit risk for the third party beneficiary. We monitor these obligations and believe it is unlikely that we would be required to perform or otherwise incur any material losses associated with these guarantees. For additional details on these and other guarantee arrangements, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Other Contingencies — FASB Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others.”
In May 2007, we sold our ownership interests in businesses in the Middle East, Africa, and India to TAQA. TAQA has assumed all contingent obligations related to our project-financing security agreements. For more details on the sale of our ownership interests to TAQA, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.
Sale of Accounts Receivable: Under a revolving accounts receivable sales program, Consumers may sell up to $325 million of certain accounts receivable. The highly liquid and efficient market for securitized

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financial assets provides a lower cost source of funding compared to unsecured debt. For additional details, see Note 4, Financings and Capitalization.
Outlook
CORPORATE OUTLOOK
Our business strategy will focus on continued investment in our utility business, reducing parent debt, and growing earnings while controlling operating costs.
Our primary focus with respect to our non-utility businesses is to optimize cash flow and maximize the value of our remaining assets. Our primary focus with respect to our utility business is to continue to invest in our utility system to enable us to meet our customer commitments, comply with increasing environmental performance standards, and maintain adequate supply and capacity.
In January 2007, we reinstated a quarterly dividend on our common stock after a four-year suspension at $0.05 per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we paid $34 million in common stock dividends. On October 26, 2007, we declared a dividend of $0.05 per share on our common stock payable November 30, 2007 to shareholders of record on November 9, 2007.
ELECTRIC UTILITY BUSINESS OUTLOOK
Growth: In 2007, we expect electric deliveries to grow about one percent compared to 2006 levels. The outlook for 2007 assumes a small decline in industrial economic activity and normal weather conditions throughout the remainder of the year.
Over the next five years, we expect electric deliveries to grow less than 1.5 percent per year. This outlook assumes a modestly growing customer base and a stabilizing Michigan economy after 2007. This growth rate includes both full-service sales and delivery service to customers who choose to buy generation service from an alternative electric supplier, but excludes transactions with other wholesale market participants and other electric utilities. This growth rate reflects a long-range expected trend of growth. Growth from year to year may vary from this trend due to customer response to the following:
    energy conservation measures,
 
    fluctuations in weather conditions, and
 
    changes in economic conditions, including utilization and expansion or contraction of manufacturing facilities.
Electric Customer Revenue Outlook: Michigan’s economy has been hampered by automotive manufacturing facility and related supplier closures and restructurings. The Michigan economy has also had limited growth in the non-automotive sector. Although our electric utility results are not dependent upon a single customer, or even a few customers, customers in the automotive sector represented five percent of our total 2006 electric revenue. We cannot predict the impact of the Michigan economy on our electric utility customers.
Electric Reserve Margin: We have purchased capacity and energy contracts covering partially the estimated reserve margin requirements for 2008 through 2010. As of September 30, 2007, we expect total 2007 capacity costs for these primarily seasonal electric capacity and energy contracts to be $17 million.

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We are currently planning for a reserve margin of approximately 11 percent for summer 2008, or supply resources equal to 111 percent of projected firm summer peak load. Of the 2008 supply resources target, we expect 85 percent to come from our electric generating plants and long-term power purchase contracts with other contractual arrangements making up the remainder of our supply resource needs for 2008. If the MPSC approves the Zeeland power plant purchase, we expect 95 percent of our 2008 supply resource target will be satisfied with our electric generating plants and long-term power purchase contracts, with other contractual arrangements making up the remainder of our supply resource needs for 2008. Our 15-year power purchase agreement with Entergy for 100 percent of the Palisades facility’s current electric output will offset the reduction in the owned capacity represented by the sale of Palisades in April 2007.
In September 2007, we exercised the regulatory-out provision in the MCV PPA, resulting in a reduction in the amount we pay to the MCV Partnership to equal the amount we are allowed to recover in the rates charged to customers. The MCV Partnership may, under certain circumstances, have the right to terminate the MCV PPA, which could affect our reserve margin status. The MCV PPA represents 13 percent of our 2008 expected supply resources.
Electric Transmission Expenses: METC, which provides electric transmission service to us, increased substantially the transmission rates it charged us in 2006. The revenue collected by METC under those rates in 2006 was subject to refund. The parties filed a settlement agreement with the FERC, which was approved in August 2007. This settlement resulted in a refund of 2006 transmission charges of $18 million and a corresponding reduction of our power supply costs.
Electric transmission expenses are anticipated to increase in 2008 by $42 million due primarily to a 33 percent increase in rates charged to us by our major transmission provider. This increase is included in our 2008 PSCR Plan filed with the MPSC in September 2007.
In September 2007, the FERC approved a proposal from transmission owners and operators to include 100 percent of generator interconnection costs in our transmission rates. Previously, generator interconnection costs were split 50-50 between transmission owners and operators and generators. Consumers, Detroit Edison, the MPSC, and other parties filed a request for rehearing regarding the FERC’s order.
For additional details on power supply costs, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Consumers’ Electric Utility Rate Matters — Power Supply Costs.”
21st Century Electric Energy Plan: In January 2007, the then chairman of the MPSC proposed three major policy initiatives to the governor of Michigan. The initiatives involve the use of more renewable energy resources by all load-serving entities such as Consumers, the creation of an energy efficiency program, and a procedure for reviewing proposals to construct new generation facilities. The January proposal indicated that Michigan needs new base-load capacity by 2015 and recommended measures to make it easier to predict customer demand and revenues. The proposed initiatives will require changes to current legislation. We will continue to participate as the MPSC, legislature, and other stakeholders address future electric resource needs.
Balanced Energy Initiative: In May 2007, we filed a “Balanced Energy Initiative” with the MPSC providing a comprehensive energy resource plan to meet our projected short-term and long-term electric power requirements. The plan is responsive to the 21st Century Electric Energy Plan and assumes that Michigan will implement a state-wide energy efficiency program and a renewable energy portfolio standard. The filing requests the MPSC to rule that the Balanced Energy Initiative represents a reasonable and prudent plan for the acquisition of necessary electric utility resources. As acknowledged in the 21st Century Electric Energy Plan, implementation of the Balanced Energy Initiative will require legislative repeal or significant reform of the Customer Choice Act. In addition, we endorse the 21st Century Electric

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Energy Plan recommendation to adopt a new, up-front certification policy for major power plant investments.
In September 2007, as part of our Balanced Energy Initiative, we announced plans to build an 800 MW advanced clean coal plant at our Karn/Weadock Generating complex near Bay City, Michigan. We expect to use 500 MW of the plant’s output to serve Consumers’ customers and to commit the remaining 300 MW to others. We expect the plant to enter operation in 2015 with our share of the cost estimated at $1.3 billion excluding financing costs and $1.6 billion with financing costs.
There are several obstacles that must be cleared before construction of the proposed new clean coal plant, including:
    repeal or significant reform of the Customer Choice Act,
 
    obtaining environmental permits,
 
    successful MPSC regulatory review and approval, and
 
    obtaining property tax abatements.
In September 2007, we filed with the MPSC an updated Balanced Energy Initiative including our plan for construction of the new clean coal plant in order to start the regulatory review process for the new plant. In October 2007, we filed an application with the MDEQ for the environmental air quality permits required for the new plant. The Michigan Attorney General has filed a motion with the MPSC to dismiss the Balanced Energy Initiative case claiming that the MPSC lacks jurisdiction over the matter.
Proposed Power Plant Purchase: In May 2007, we reached an agreement with Broadway Gen Funding LLC, an affiliate of LS Power Group, to buy a 946 MW gas-fired power plant located in Zeeland, Michigan for $517 million. The power plant will help meet the growing energy needs of our customers. We expect to close on the purchase by early 2008, subject to the MPSC’s approval.
Proposed Renewable Energy Legislation: There are various bills introduced into the U.S. Congress and the Michigan legislature relating to mandatory renewable energy standards. If enacted, these bills generally would require electric utilities to acquire a certain percentage of their power from renewable sources or otherwise pay fees or purchase allowances in lieu of having the resources. We cannot predict whether any such bill will be enacted or in what form.
ELECTRIC UTILITY BUSINESS UNCERTAINTIES
Several electric business trends or uncertainties may affect our financial condition and future results of operations. These trends or uncertainties have, or had, or are reasonably expected to have, a material impact on revenues or income from continuing electric operations.
Electric Environmental Estimates: Our operations are subject to various state and federal environmental laws and regulations. Costs to operate our facilities in compliance with these laws and regulations generally have been recovered in customer rates.
Clean Air Act: Compliance with the federal Clean Air Act and resulting regulations continues to be a significant focus for us. The Nitrogen Oxide State Implementation Plan requires significant reductions in nitrogen oxide emissions. To comply with the regulations, we expect to incur capital expenditures totaling $880 million. From 1998 to present, we have incurred $784 million in capital expenditures to comply with the federal Clean Air Act and resulting regulations and anticipate that the remaining $96 million of capital expenditures will be made through 2011. These expenditures include installing selective catalytic reduction

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control technology on four of our coal-fired electric generating units. The key assumptions in the capital expenditure estimate include:
    construction commodity prices, especially construction material and labor,
 
    project completion schedules,
 
    cost escalation factor used to estimate future years’ costs of 2.6 percent, and
 
    an AFUDC capitalization rate of 7.8 percent.
In addition to modifying coal-fired electric generating plants, our compliance plan includes the use of nitrogen oxide emission allowances until all of the control equipment is operational in 2011. The nitrogen oxide emission allowance annual expense is projected to be $2 million per year through 2011, which we expect to recover from our customers through the PSCR process. The projected annual expense is based on market price forecasts and forecasts of regulatory provisions, known as progressive flow control, that restrict the usage in any given year of allowances banked from previous years. The allowances and their cost are accounted for as inventory. The allowance inventory is expensed at the rolling average cost as the electric generating plants emit nitrogen oxide.
Clean Air Interstate Rule: In March 2005, the EPA adopted the Clean Air Interstate Rule that requires additional coal-fired electric generating plant emission controls for nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. We plan to meet the nitrogen oxide requirements of this rule by year-round operation of our selective catalytic reduction control technology units, installation of low nitrogen oxide burners, and purchasing emission allowances. We plan to meet the sulfur dioxide requirements of this rule using sorbent injection, installation of flue gas desulfurization scrubbers and purchasing emission allowances. Our total cost for equipment installation is expected to reach approximately $740 million by 2015. Additional purchases of sulfur dioxide emission allowances in 2012 and 2013 will be needed at an estimated cost of $10 million per year, which we expect to recover from our customers through the PSCR process.
The Clean Air Interstate Rule was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia by a number of utilities and other companies. Final briefs were submitted by September 5, 2007, with a decision expected in 2008. We cannot predict the outcome of these appeals.
Clean Air Mercury Rule: Also in March 2005, the EPA issued the Clean Air Mercury Rule, which requires initial reductions of mercury emissions from coal-fired electric generating plants by 2010 and further reductions by 2018. The Clean Air Mercury Rule was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals by a number of states and other entities. Final briefs were submitted by July 13, 2007, with a decision expected in 2008. We cannot predict the outcome of these appeals.
In April 2006, Michigan’s governor announced a plan that would result in mercury emissions reductions of 90 percent by 2015. We are working with the MDEQ on the details of this rule; however, we have developed preliminary cost estimates and a mercury emissions reduction scenario based on our best knowledge of control technology options and initially proposed requirements. We estimate costs associated with Phase I of the state’s mercury rule will be approximately $190 million by 2010 and an additional $320 million by 2015.

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The following table compares the federal Clean Air Mercury Rule to the proposed state mercury rule:
         
     
    State and Federal   State and Federal
    Phase I   Phase II
 
Federal Clean Air
Mercury Rule
  30% reduction by 2010 with interstate trading of allowances   70% reduction by 2018 with interstate trading of allowances
 
       
Proposed State
Mercury Rule
  30% reduction by 2010 without interstate trading of allowances   90% reduction by 2015 without interstate trading of allowances
 
Routine Maintenance Classification: The EPA has alleged that some utilities have incorrectly classified plant modifications as “routine maintenance” rather than seeking permits from the EPA to modify the plant. We have received and responded to information requests from the EPA on this subject in 2000, 2002, and 2006. We believe that we have properly interpreted the requirements of “routine maintenance.” If our interpretation is found to be incorrect, we may be required to install additional pollution controls at some or all of our coal-fired electric generating plants and potentially pay fines. Additionally, the viability of certain plants remaining in operation would be re-examined. We cannot predict the financial impact or outcome of this issue.
Greenhouse Gases : Several legislative proposals have been introduced in the United States Congress that would require reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide. These laws, if enacted, could require us to replace equipment, install additional equipment for pollution controls, purchase allowances, curtail operations, or take other steps. Although associated capital or operating costs relating to greenhouse gas regulation or legislation could be material, and cost recovery cannot be assured, we expect to have an opportunity to recover these costs and capital expenditures in rates consistent with the recovery of other reasonable costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations.
On April 2, 2007, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Clean Air Act gives the EPA the authority to regulate emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from automobiles. In its decision, the court ordered the EPA to revisit its finding that it has the discretion not to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from automobiles.
To the extent that greenhouse gas emission reduction rules come into effect, the mandatory emissions reduction requirements could have far-reaching and significant implications for the energy sector. We cannot estimate the effect of federal or state greenhouse gas policy on our future consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position due to the uncertain nature of the policies at this time. However, we will continue to monitor greenhouse gas policy developments and assess and respond to their potential implications on our business operations.
Water: In March 2004, the EPA issued rules that govern electric generating plant cooling water intake systems. The rules require significant reduction in fish harmed by operating equipment. EPA compliance options in the rule were challenged in court. In January 2007, the court rejected many of the compliance options favored by industry and remanded the bulk of the rule back to the EPA for reconsideration. The court’s ruling is expected to increase significantly the cost of complying with this rule. However, the cost to comply will not be known until the EPA’s reconsideration is complete. At this time, the EPA has not established a schedule to address the court decision.
For additional details on electric environmental matters, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Consumers’ Electric Utility Contingencies — Electric Environmental Matters.”
Competition and Regulatory Restructuring: The Customer Choice Act allows all of our electric customers to buy electric generation service from us or from an alternative electric supplier. At September 30, 2007, alternative electric suppliers were providing 311 MW of generation service to ROA customers.

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This is 4 percent of our total distribution load and represents an increase of 1 percent of ROA load compared to September 30, 2006.
In November 2004, the MPSC issued an order allowing us to recover Stranded Costs incurred from 2002 through 2003 through a surcharge applied to ROA customers. Since the MPSC order, we have experienced a downward trend in ROA customers. If this trend continues, it will extend the time it takes to recover fully our Stranded Costs. It is difficult to predict future ROA customer trends, which affect our ability to recover timely these Stranded Costs.
Electric Rate Case: In March 2007, we filed an application with the MPSC seeking an 11.25 percent authorized return on equity and an annual increase in revenues of $157 million. The increase seeks recovery of the costs associated with increased plant investment, increased equity investment, and greater operation and maintenance expenses. In May 2007, we filed supplemental testimony with the MPSC to include transaction costs from the sale of Palisades. In July 2007, we filed an amended application with the MPSC to include the proposed purchase of the Zeeland power plant, the approval of an energy efficiency program, and to make other revisions. The revised application seeks an annual increase in revenues of $282 million.
In July 2007, we also filed an amended application for rate relief that seeks the removal of costs associated with Palisades, the approval of partial and immediate rate relief for certain items, including the proposed purchase of the Zeeland power plant, and the approval of a plan to distribute excess proceeds from the sale of Palisades to customers. The case schedule will allow for an MPSC order on our Zeeland request and on our request for partial and immediate rate relief by the end of 2007 and a final rate order in mid-2008. We cannot predict the amount or timing of any MPSC decision on our requests.
For additional details and material changes relating to the restructuring of the electric utility industry and electric rate matters, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Consumers’ Electric Utility Rate Matters.”
OTHER ELECTRIC UTILITY BUSINESS UNCERTAINTIES
The MCV PPA: The MCV Partnership, which leases and operates the MCV Facility, contracted to sell electricity to Consumers for a 35-year period beginning in 1990. The cost that we incur under the MCV PPA exceeded the recovery amount allowed by the MPSC until we exercised the regulatory-out provision in the MCV PPA in September 2007. This action limited our capacity and fixed energy payments to the MCV Partnership to the amounts that we collect from our customers. We incurred $39 million in underrecoveries in 2007. The MCV Partnership has notified us that it disputes our right to exercise the regulatory-out provision. We believe that the provision is valid and fully effective, but cannot assure that we will prevail in the event of a proceeding on this issue.
As a result of our exercise of the regulatory-out provision, the MCV Partnership may, under certain circumstances, have the right to terminate or reduce the amount of capacity sold under the MCV PPA. If the MCV Partnership terminates the MCV PPA or reduces the amount of capacity sold under the MCV PPA, we would seek to replace the lost capacity to maintain an adequate electric reserve margin. This could involve entering into a new PPA and (or) entering into electric capacity contracts on the open market. We cannot predict our ability to enter into such contracts at a reasonable price. We are also unable to predict regulatory approval of the terms and conditions of such contracts, or that the MPSC would allow full recovery of our incurred costs.
To comply with a prior MPSC order, we made a filing in May 2007 with the MPSC requesting a determination regarding whether it wished to reconsider the amount of the MCV PPA payments that we recover from customers. Also, in May 2007, the MCV Partnership filed an application with the MPSC seeking approval to increase our recovery of costs incurred under the MCV PPA. We are unable to predict

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the outcome of these requests. For additional details on the MCV PPA, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Other Consumers’ Electric Utility Contingencies — The MCV PPA.”
Sale of Nuclear Assets: In April 2007, we sold Palisades to Entergy for $380 million. The final purchase price, subject to various closing adjustments, resulted in us receiving $363 million as of September 30, 2007. We also paid Entergy $30 million to assume ownership and responsibility for the Big Rock ISFSI. Because of the sale of Palisades, we also paid the NMC, the former operator of Palisades, $7 million in exit fees and forfeited our $5 million investment in the NMC.
The MPSC order approving the Palisades transaction allowed us to recover the book value of Palisades. This results in us crediting estimated proceeds in excess of book value of $66 million to our customers from June 2007 through December 2008. After closing adjustments, which are subject to MPSC review, proceeds in excess of the book value were $77 million as of September 30, 2007. The MPSC order deferred ruling on the recovery of transaction costs, including the NMC exit fees, and the $30 million payment to Entergy related to the Big Rock ISFSI until the next general rate case.
Entergy assumed responsibility for the future decommissioning of Palisades and for storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel located at Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI sites. We transferred $252 million in trust fund assets to Entergy. We are crediting estimated excess decommissioning funds of $189 million to our retail customers from June 2007 through December 2008. Access to additional decommissioning fund balances above the estimates in the MPSC order resulted in excess decommissioning funds of $123 million as of September 30, 2007. We have proposed a plan to credit these balances to our retail customers and this plan is under review by the MPSC in our current electric rate case filing.
As part of the transaction, Entergy will sell us 100 percent of the plant’s output up to its current annual average capacity of 798 MW under a 15-year power purchase agreement. Because of the Palisades power purchase agreement and our continuing involvement with the Palisades assets, we account for the disposal of Palisades as a financing for accounting purposes and not a sale. This resulted in the recognition of a finance obligation of $197 million.
For additional details on the sale of Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.
GAS UTILITY BUSINESS OUTLOOK
Growth: In 2007, we project gas deliveries will decline slightly, on a weather-adjusted basis, from 2006 levels due to continuing conservation and overall economic conditions in the state of Michigan. Over the next five years, we expect gas deliveries to decline by less than one-half of one percent annually. Actual gas deliveries in future periods may be affected by:
    fluctuations in weather conditions,
 
    use by independent power producers,
 
    changes in gas commodity prices,
 
    Michigan economic conditions,
 
    the price of competing energy sources or fuels,
 
    gas consumption per customer, and
 
    improvements in gas appliance efficiency.

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GAS UTILITY BUSINESS UNCERTAINTIES
Several gas business trends or uncertainties may affect our future financial results and financial condition. These trends or uncertainties could have a material impact on future revenues or income from gas operations.
Gas Environmental Estimates: We expect to incur investigation and remedial action costs at a number of sites, including 23 former manufactured gas plant sites. For additional details, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Consumers’ Gas Utility Contingencies — Gas Environmental Matters.”
Gas Cost Recovery: The GCR process is designed to allow us to recover all of our purchased natural gas costs if incurred under reasonable and prudent policies and practices. The MPSC reviews these costs, policies, and practices for prudency in annual plan and reconciliation proceedings. For additional details on gas cost recovery, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Consumers’ Gas Utility Rate Matters — Gas Cost Recovery.”
Gas Depreciation: In June 2007, the MPSC issued its final order in the generic ARO accounting case and modified the filing requirement for our next gas depreciation case. The original filing requirement date was changed from 90 days after the issuance of this order to no later than August 1, 2008. Additionally, we have been ordered to use 2007 data and prepare a cost of removal depreciation study with five alternatives using the MPSC’s prescribed methods.
If a final order in our next gas depreciation case is not issued concurrently with a final order in a general gas rate case, the MPSC may incorporate the results of the depreciation case into general gas rates through use of a surcharge mechanism (which may be either positive or negative).
2007 Gas Rate Case: In February 2007, we filed an application with the MPSC seeking an 11.25 percent authorized return on equity along with an $88 million annual increase in our gas delivery and transportation rates. We proposed the use of a Revenue Decoupling and Conservation Incentive Mechanism for residential and general service rate classes, which would partially separate the collection of fixed costs from gas sales and enhance the utility’s ability to recover its fixed costs .
In August 2007, the MPSC approved a partial settlement agreement authorizing an annual rate increase of $50 million, including an authorized return on equity of 10.75 percent. The proposed Revenue Decoupling and Conservation Incentive Mechanism was not approved. On September 25, 2007, the MPSC reopened the record in the case to allow all interested parties to be heard concerning the approval of an energy efficiency program, which we included in our original filing. If approved in total, this would result in an additional rate increase of $9 million to be used to implement the energy efficiency program.
ENTERPRISES OUTLOOK
In 2007, we completed the sale of our international assets. Our primary focus with respect to our non-utility businesses is to optimize cash flow and maximize the value of our remaining assets.
We completed the sale of a portfolio of our businesses in Argentina and our northern Michigan non-utility natural gas assets to Lucid Energy for $130 million in March 2007.

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In connection with the sale of our Argentine and Michigan assets, we entered into agreements that grant Lucid Energy:
    an option to buy CMS Gas Transmission’s ownership interest in TGN, subject to the rights of other third parties,
 
    the right to certain proceeds that may be awarded and received by CMS Gas Transmission in connection with certain legal proceedings, and
 
    the right to proceeds that Enterprises will receive if it sells its stock interest in CMS Generation San Nicolas Company.
Under these agreements, we have essentially sold our rights to certain awards or proceeds that we may receive in the future. Of the total consideration received in the sale, we allocated $32 million to these agreements and recorded this amount as a deferred credit on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to the settlement of certain legal proceedings in September 2007, a portion of CMS Gas Transmission’s obligations under these agreements has been satisfied. As such, we recognized $17 million of the deferred credit as a gain in September 2007.
We entered into an agreement to sell our investment in Jamaica to AEI for gross cash proceeds of $14 million in June 2007. We closed on the sale in October 2007.
Uncertainties: Trends or uncertainties that could have a material impact on our consolidated income, cash flows, or balance sheet and credit improvement include:
    the outcome of ongoing negotiations to restructure the power supply agreements associated with our DIG power plant,
 
    the impact of indemnity and environmental remediation obligations at Bay Harbor,
 
    the outcome of certain legal proceedings,
 
    the impact of representations, warranties, and related indemnities in connection with the sales of our international assets,
 
    the outcome of the planned sale of other assets, and
 
    changes in commodity prices and interest rates on certain derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting and must be marked to market through earnings.
Prairie State: In October 2006, we signed agreements with Peabody Energy to co-develop the Prairie State Energy Campus (Prairie State), a 1,600 MW power plant and coal mine in southern Illinois. In April 2007, we withdrew from Prairie State because it did not meet our investment criteria, including the level of power purchase agreements for our share of output from Prairie State.
DIG Supply Contracts: DIG and CMS ERM are parties to long-term requirements contracts to provide steam and (or) electricity based on a fixed price schedule. The price of natural gas, the primary fuel used by DIG, is volatile and has increased substantially in recent years. Because the prices charged under DIG’s contracts do not reflect current natural gas prices, DIG’s and CMS ERM’s financial performance has been impacted negatively. However, since not all of its capacity is committed under these contracts, DIG has been able to sell a portion of its electric capacity and (or) energy into the market at a profit, or, through CMS ERM, engage in a hedging strategy to minimize its losses. DIG and CMS ERM may take various actions such as seeking restructuring or buyout of the contracts, which may require material cash payments. If a restructuring or buyout is not possible, then continuing losses under the contracts could have a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. CMS Energy may also take other measures to address the unfavorable returns, including the sale of DIG.

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Other Outlook
Software Implementation: We are in the process of implementing new business software to replace existing business processes and information technology. The core business processes include finance, purchasing/supply chain, customer billing, human resources and payroll, and utility asset construction and maintenance work management. We intend the new business software, scheduled to be in production in the first half of 2008, to improve customer service, reduce risk, and increase flexibility.
Michigan Public Service Commission: During the third quarter of 2007, the Michigan governor appointed a new MPSC chairperson and a new MPSC Commissioner. We are unable to predict the impact of these appointments.
Litigation and Regulatory Investigation: We are the subject of an investigation by the DOJ regarding round-trip trading transactions by CMS MST. Also, we are named as a party in various litigation matters including, but not limited to, securities class action lawsuits and several lawsuits regarding alleged false natural gas price reporting and price manipulation. Additionally, the SEC is investigating the actions of former CMS Energy subsidiaries in relation to Equatorial Guinea. For additional details regarding these and other matters, see Note 3, Contingencies and Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Michigan Tax Legislation: In July 2007, the Michigan governor signed Senate Bill 94, the Michigan Business Tax Act, which imposes a business income tax of 4.95 percent and a modified gross receipts tax of 0.8 percent. The bill provides for a number of tax credits and incentives geared toward those companies investing and employing in Michigan. The Michigan Business Tax, which is effective January 1, 2008, replaces the state’s current Single Business Tax that expires on December 31, 2007. In September 2007, the Michigan governor signed House Bill 5104, allowing additional deductions in future years against the business income portion of the tax. These future deductions are phased in over a 15-year period, beginning in 2015. As a result of the enactment of this tax, we recorded, on a consolidated basis, a net deferred tax liability of $113 million and a corresponding net deferred tax asset of $113 million.
In September 2007, Michigan’s governor also signed legislation expanding the state’s sales tax to certain services. The list of covered services includes certain services that we purchase from outside vendors and potentially services that we sell. This list includes, but is not limited to, certain consulting services, landscaping (which encompasses tree trimming), janitorial services, security guards and security systems.
The Michigan Business Tax and the expanded sales tax were enacted to replace the expiring Michigan Single Business Tax. We are currently evaluating the impact of the replacement of the Michigan Single Business Tax with these new taxes. We expect to recover the taxes that we pay from our customers, but we cannot predict the timeliness of such recovery.
Implementation of New Accounting Standards
SFAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R): In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158. Phase one of this standard required us to recognize the funded status of our defined benefit postretirement plans on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2006. Phase one was implemented in December 2006. Phase two of this standard requires that we change our plan measurement date from November 30 to December 31, effective December 31, 2008. We do not believe that implementation of phase two of this standard will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. We expect to adopt the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 in 2008.
FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes : We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. This interpretation provides a two-step approach for the recognition and measurement of

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uncertain tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, by a company on its income tax returns. The first step is to evaluate the tax position to determine if, based on management’s best judgment, it is greater than 50 percent likely that we will sustain the tax position. The second step is to measure the appropriate amount of the benefit to recognize. This is done by estimating the potential outcomes and recognizing the greatest amount that has a cumulative probability of at least 50 percent. FIN 48 requires interest and penalties, if applicable, to be accrued on differences between tax positions recognized in our consolidated financial statements and the amount claimed, or expected to be claimed, on the tax return.
As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we have identified additional uncertain tax benefits of $11 million as of January 1, 2007. Included in this amount is an increase in our valuation allowance of $100 million, decreases to tax reserves of $61 million and a decrease to deferred tax liabilities of $28 million.
CMS Energy and its subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return as well as unitary and combined income tax returns in several states. CMS Energy and its subsidiaries also file separate company income tax returns in several states. The only significant state tax paid by CMS Energy is in Michigan. However, since the Michigan Single Business Tax is not an income tax, it is not part of the FIN 48 analysis. For the U.S. federal income tax return, CMS Energy completed examinations by federal taxing authorities for its taxable years prior to 2002. The federal income tax returns for the years 2002 through 2005 are open under the statute of limitations.
We have reflected a net interest liability of $3 million related to our uncertain income tax positions on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 1, 2007. We have not accrued any penalties with respect to uncertain tax benefits. We recognize accrued interest and penalties, where applicable, related to uncertain tax benefits as part of income tax expense.
As of the date of adoption of FIN 48, we had valuation allowances against certain U.S. and foreign deferred tax assets totaling $216 million and other uncertain tax positions of $31 million, resulting in total unrecognized benefits of $247 million. Of this amount, $217 million would result in a decrease in our effective tax rate, if recognized. We released $81 million of our valuation allowance in the first quarter of 2007, reducing our effective tax rate, due to the anticipated sales of our foreign investments. During the second quarter of 2007, we eliminated $63 million of valuation allowance attributable to additional foreign asset sales. This had no income impact, as an identical amount of deferred tax asset also expired. As we continue to market our foreign investments, it is reasonably possible that additional valuation allowance adjustments could be made.
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective
SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements: In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, effective for us January 1, 2008. The standard provides a revised definition of “fair value” and gives guidance on how to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities. Under the standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly exchange between market participants. The standard does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. However, additional disclosures will be required on the impact and reliability of fair value measurements reflected in our consolidated financial statements. The standard will also eliminate the existing prohibition of recognizing “day one” gains or losses on derivative instruments, and will generally require such gains and losses to be recognized through earnings. We are presently evaluating the impacts, if any, of implementing SFAS No. 157. We currently do not hold any derivatives that would involve day one gains or losses.
SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Including an amendment to FASB Statement No. 115: In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, effective for us January 1, 2008. This standard will give us the option to select certain financial instruments and other items, which otherwise are not required to be measured at fair value, and measure those items at fair value. If we choose to elect the fair value option for an item, we would recognize unrealized gains and

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losses associated with changes in the fair value of the item over time. The statement will also require disclosures for items for which the fair value option has been elected. We are presently evaluating whether we will choose to elect the fair value option for any financial instruments or other items.
FSP FIN 39-1, Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39 : In April 2007, the FASB issued FSP FIN 39-1, effective for us January 1, 2008. This standard will permit us to offset the fair value of derivative instruments with cash collateral received or paid for those derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. As a result, we will be permitted to record one net asset or liability that represents the total net exposure of all derivative positions under a master netting arrangement. The decision to offset derivative positions under master netting arrangements remains an accounting policy choice. We presently record the net fair value of derivative assets and liabilities for those contracts held by CMS ERM that are subject to master netting arrangements, and separately record amounts for cash collateral received or paid for these instruments. Under this standard, as a result of offsetting the collateral amounts against the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities, both our total assets and total liabilities could be reduced. The standard is to be applied retrospectively by adjusting the financial statements for all periods presented. There will be no impact to earnings from adopting this standard.
EITF Issue 06-11, Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment Awards: In June 2007, the FASB ratified EITF Issue 06-11, effective for us on a prospective basis beginning January 1, 2008. EITF 06-11 requires companies to recognize the income tax benefit realized from dividends or dividend equivalents that are charged to retained earnings and paid to employees for non-vested equity-classified employee share-based payment awards as an increase to additional paid-in capital. We do not believe that implementation of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.

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CMS Energy Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)
(Unaudited)
                                 
                            In Millions  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
 
                               
Operating Revenue
  $ 1,282     $ 1,288     $ 4,790     $ 4,404  
 
                               
Earnings from Equity Method Investees
          19       36       63  
 
                               
Operating Expenses
                               
Fuel for electric generation
    130       224       326       587  
Fuel costs mark-to-market at the MCV Partnership
          28             226  
Purchased and interchange power
    390       205       1,079       476  
Cost of gas sold
    199       196       1,591       1,439  
Other operating expenses
    226       273       714       754  
Maintenance
    45       66       155       220  
Depreciation and amortization
    121       124       402       402  
General taxes
    53       (21 )     176       103  
Asset impairment charges, net of insurance recoveries
    (76 )     239       204       239  
     
 
    1,088       1,334       4,647       4,446  
 
 
                               
Operating Income (Loss)
    194       (27 )     179       21  
 
                               
Other Income (Deductions)
                               
Gain on asset sales, net
    18             16        
Interest and dividends
    33       21       78       54  
Regulatory return on capital expenditures
    9       8       24       18  
Foreign currency gain (loss), net
          (2 )     1        
Other income
    4       7       15       28  
Other expense
    (12 )     (2 )     (29 )     (15 )
     
 
                               
 
    52       32       105       85  
 
 
                               
Fixed Charges
                               
Interest on long-term debt
    96       112       295       342  
Interest on long-term debt — related parties
    3       3       10       11  
Other interest
    14       6       36       19  
Capitalized interest
    (1 )     (2 )     (5 )     (7 )
Preferred dividends of subsidiaries
    1       1       2       4  
     
 
                               
 
    113       120       338       369  
 
 
                               
Income (Loss) Before Minority Interests (Obligations), Net
    133       (115 )     (54 )     (263 )
 
                               
Minority Interests (Obligations), Net
    3       38       8       (33 )
     
 
                               
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
    130       (153 )     (62 )     (230 )
 
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
    46       (41 )     (58 )     (148 )
     
 
                               
Income (Loss) From Continuing Operations
    84       (112 )     (4 )     (82 )
 
                               
Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax (Tax Benefit) of $-, $11, $(1), and $24
          11       (87 )     32  
     
 
                               
Net Income (Loss)
    84       (101 )     (91 )     (50 )
Preferred Dividends
    2       2       8       8  
Redemption Premium on Preferred Stock
                1        
     
 
                               
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders
  $ 82     $ (103 )   $ (100 )   $ (58 )
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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    In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
 
                               
CMS Energy
                               
Net Income (Loss)
                               
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders
  $ 82     $ (103 )   $ (100 )   $ (58 )
     
 
                               
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Average Common Share
                               
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
  $ 0.37     $ (0.52 )   $ (0.06 )   $ (0.41 )
Gain (Loss) from Discontinued Operations
          0.05       (0.39 )     0.15  
     
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stock
  $ 0.37     $ (0.47 )   $ (0.45 )   $ (0.26 )
     
 
                               
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Average Common Share
                               
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
  $ 0.34     $ (0.52 )   $ (0.06 )   $ (0.41 )
Gain (Loss) from Discontinued Operations
          0.05       (0.39 )     0.15  
     
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stock
  $ 0.34     $ (0.47 )   $ (0.45 )   $ (0.26 )
     
 
                               
Dividends Declared Per Common Share
  $ 0.05     $     $ 0.15     $  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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CMS Energy Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
                 
    Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006  
 
            In Millions  
 
               
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
               
Net loss
  $ (91 )   $ (50 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities
               
Depreciation and amortization, net of nuclear decommissioning of $4 and $3
    407       418  
Deferred income taxes and investment tax credit
    (79 )     (223 )
Minority interests (obligations), net
    (13 )     (27 )
Asset impairment charges, net of insurance recoveries
    204       239  
Fuel costs mark-to-market at the MCV Partnership
          226  
Regulatory return on capital expenditures
    (24 )     (18 )
Capital lease and other amortization
    41       34  
Loss on the sale of assets
    117        
Earnings from equity method investees
    (36 )     (63 )
Cash distributions from equity method investees
    15       63  
Pension contribution
    (109 )     (13 )
Shareholder class action settlement
    (125 )      
Changes in other assets and liabilities:
               
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable and accrued revenues
    (148 )     340  
Decrease (increase) in accrued power supply and gas revenue
    52       (90 )
Increase in inventories
    (186 )     (246 )
Decrease in deferred property taxes
    111       102  
Decrease in accounts payable
    (91 )     (116 )
Decrease in accrued taxes
    (144 )     (152 )
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses
    (37 )     35  
Decrease in the MCV Partnership gas supplier funds on deposit
          (159 )
Decrease in other current and non-current assets
    87       106  
Increase (decrease) in other current and non-current liabilities
    (67 )     41  
     
 
               
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
    (116 )     447  
 
 
               
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
               
Capital expenditures (excludes assets placed under capital lease)
    (523 )     (477 )
Cost to retire property
    (18 )     (41 )
Restricted cash and restricted short-term investments
    34       125  
Investments in nuclear decommissioning trust funds
    (1 )     (20 )
Proceeds from nuclear decommissioning trust funds
    333       20  
Maturity of the MCV Partnership restricted investment securities held-to-maturity
          119  
Purchase of the MCV Partnership restricted investment securities held-to-maturity
          (118 )
Proceeds from sale of assets
    1,696        
Cash relinquished from sale of assets
    (113 )      
Other investing
    (14 )     (44 )
     
 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    1,394       (436 )
 
 
               
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
               
Proceeds from notes, bonds, and other long-term debt
    476       72  
Issuance of common stock
    13       7  
Retirement of bonds and other long-term debt
    (769 )     (433 )
Redemption of preferred stock
    (32 )      
Payment of common stock dividends
    (34 )      
Payment of preferred stock dividends
    (8 )     (8 )
Payment of capital lease and financial lease obligations
    (14 )     (23 )
Debt issuance costs, financing fees, and other
    (18 )     (15 )
     
 
Net cash used in financing activities
    (386 )     (400 )
 
 
               
Effect of Exchange Rates on Cash
    2       1  
 
 
               
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
    894       (388 )
 
               
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period
    351       847  
     
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period
  $ 1,245     $ 459  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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CMS Energy Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheets
                 
            In Millions  
    September 30     December 31  
ASSETS   2007     2006  
 
  (Unaudited)        
Plant and Property (At cost)
           
Electric utility
  $ 7,945     $ 8,504  
Gas utility
    3,327       3,273  
Enterprises
    391       453  
Other
    34       33  
     
 
    11,697       12,263  
Less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization
    4,117       5,194  
     
 
    7,580       7,069  
Construction work-in-progress
    381       639  
     
 
    7,961       7,708  
 
 
               
Investments
               
Enterprises
    20       556  
Other
    5       10  
     
 
    25       566  
 
 
               
Current Assets
               
Cash and cash equivalents at cost, which approximates market
    1,245       249  
Restricted cash at cost, which approximates market
    48       71  
Accounts receivable and accrued revenue, less allowances of $20 in 2007 and $25 in 2006
    531       502  
Notes receivable
    80       48  
Accrued power supply and gas revenue
    104       156  
Accounts receivable and notes receivable — related parties
    2       62  
Inventories at average cost
               
Gas in underground storage
    1,301       1,129  
Materials and supplies
    83       87  
Generating plant fuel stock
    125       126  
Regulatory assets — postretirement benefits
    19       19  
Deferred income taxes
          155  
Deferred property taxes
    103       150  
Assets held for sale
          239  
Price risk management assets
    4       45  
Prepayments and other
    51       105  
     
 
    3,696       3,143  
 
 
               
Non-current Assets
               
Regulatory Assets
               
Securitized costs
    479       514  
Postretirement benefits
    1,032       1,131  
Customer Choice Act
    158       190  
Other
    508       497  
Nuclear decommissioning trust funds
          602  
Deferred income taxes
    123        
Notes receivable
    152       137  
Notes receivable — related parties
          125  
Assets held for sale
          412  
Price risk management assets
          19  
Other
    170       327  
     
 
    2,622       3,954  
 
 
               
Total Assets
  $ 14,304     $ 15,371  
 

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            In Millions  
    September 30     December 31  
STOCKHOLDERS’ INVESTMENT AND LIABILITIES   2007     2006  
 
    (Unaudited)      
Capitalization
         
Common stockholders’ equity
               
Common stock, authorized 350.0 shares; outstanding 225.1 shares and 222.8 shares, respectively
  $ 2     $ 2  
Other paid-in capital
    4,476       4,468  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (136 )     (318 )
Retained deficit
    (2,070 )     (1,918 )
     
 
    2,272       2,234  
 
               
Preferred stock of subsidiary
    44       44  
Preferred stock
    250       261  
 
               
Long-term debt
    5,390       6,200  
Long-term debt — related parties
    178       178  
Non-current portion of capital and finance lease obligations
    226       42  
     
 
    8,360       8,959  
 
 
               
Minority Interests
    50       52  
 
 
               
Current Liabilities
               
Current portion of long-term debt, capital and finance leases
    997       563  
Notes payable
    1       2  
Accounts payable
    392       481  
Accrued rate refunds
    29       37  
Accounts payable — related parties
          2  
Accrued interest
    96       126  
Accrued taxes
    155       301  
Regulatory liabilities
    176        
Deferred income taxes
    172        
Argentine currency impairment reserve
    197        
Legal settlement liability
          200  
Liabilities held for sale
          144  
Price risk management liabilities
    17       70  
Other
    217       230  
     
 
    2,449       2,156  
 
 
               
Non-current Liabilities
               
Regulatory Liabilities
               
Regulatory liabilities for cost of removal
    1,250       1,166  
Income taxes, net
    554       539  
Other regulatory liabilities
    213       249  
Postretirement benefits
    947       1,066  
Deferred income taxes
          123  
Deferred investment tax credit
    59       62  
Asset retirement obligation
    97       498  
Liabilities held for sale
          59  
Price risk management liabilities
    2       31  
Other
    323       411  
     
 
    3,445       4,204  
 
 
               
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 3, 4 and 6)
               
 
               
Total Stockholders’ Investment and Liabilities
  $ 14,304     $ 15,371  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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CMS Energy Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Common Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
                                 
                            In Millions  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
 
                               
Common Stock
                               
At beginning and end of period
  $ 2     $ 2     $ 2     $ 2  
 
 
                               
Other Paid-in Capital
                               
At beginning of period
    4,477       4,452       4,468       4,436  
Common stock issued
    4       10       26       25  
Common stock repurchased
    (5 )     (1 )     (5 )     (1 )
Common stock reissued
                6       1  
Redemption of preferred stock
                (19 )      
     
At end of period
    4,476       4,461       4,476       4,461  
 
 
                               
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
                               
Retirement Benefits Liability
                               
At beginning of period
    (23 )     (19 )     (23 )     (19 )
Unrealized gain on retirement benefits (a)
    1             1        
     
At end of period
    (22 )     (19 )     (22 )     (19 )
     
 
                               
Investments
                               
At beginning of period
    16       10       14       9  
Unrealized gain on investments (a)
          2       2       3  
     
At end of period
    16       12       16       12  
     
 
                               
Derivative Instruments
                               
At beginning of period
    (1 )     35       (12 )     35  
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments (a)
          (22 )     (3 )     (22 )
Reclassification adjustments included in net income (loss) (a)
          (1 )     14       (1 )
     
At end of period
    (1 )     12       (1 )     12  
     
 
                               
Foreign Currency Translation
                               
At beginning of period
    (129 )     (308 )     (297 )     (313 )
Sale of Argentine assets (a)
                128        
Sale of Brazilian assets (a)
                36        
Other foreign currency translations (a)
          2       4       7  
     
At end of period
    (129 )     (306 )     (129 )     (306 )
     
 
                               
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
    (136 )     (301 )     (136 )     (301 )
 
 
                               
Retained Deficit
                               
At beginning of period
    (2,140 )     (1,783 )     (1,918 )     (1,828 )
Adjustment to initially apply FIN 48
                (18 )      
Net income (loss) (a)
    84       (101 )     (91 )     (50 )
Preferred stock dividends declared
    (2 )     (2 )     (8 )     (8 )
Common stock dividends declared
    (12 )           (34 )      
Redemption of preferred stock (a)
                (1 )      
     
At end of period
    (2,070 )     (1,886 )     (2,070 )     (1,886 )
     
 
                               
Total Common Stockholders’ Equity
  $ 2,272     $ 2,276     $ 2,272     $ 2,276  
 
 
                               
(a) Disclosure of Comprehensive Income (Loss):
                               
Unrealized gain on retirement benefits, net of tax of $—, $—, $1, and
$—, respectively
  $ 1     $     $ 1     $  
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax of $1, $1, $2, and $1, respectively
          2       2       3  
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of tax (tax benefit) of $—, $(7), $2, and $(14), respectively
          (22 )     (3 )     (22 )
Reclassification adjustments included in net income (loss), net of tax (tax benefit) of $—, $—, $7, and $(2), respectively
          (1 )     14       (1 )
Sale of Argentine assets, net of tax of $68
                128        
Sale of Brazilian assets, net of tax of $20
                36        
Other foreign currency translations
          2       4       7  
Redemption of preferred stock, net of tax benefit of $1 in 2007
                (1 )      
Net income (loss)
    84       (101 )     (91 )     (50 )
     
 
                               
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)
  $ 85     $ (120 )   $ 90     $ (63 )
     
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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CMS Energy Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
These interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by CMS Energy in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. As such, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the presentation in the current year, including certain reclassifications to our Consolidated Financial Statements for discontinued operations. Therefore, the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 have been updated for amounts previously reported. In management’s opinion, the unaudited information contained in this report reflects all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary to assure the fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes contained in CMS Energy’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the Form 8-K filed June 4, 2007 amending CMS Energy’s 2006 financial statements to reflect certain discontinued operations resulting from certain asset sales. Due to the seasonal nature of CMS Energy’s operations, the results as presented for this interim period are not necessarily indicative of results to be achieved for the fiscal year.
1: Corporate Structure and Accounting Policies
Corporate Structure: CMS Energy is an energy company operating primarily in Michigan. We are the parent holding company of Consumers and Enterprises. Consumers is a combination electric and gas utility company serving in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. Enterprises, through various subsidiaries and equity investments, is engaged in primarily domestic independent power production. We manage our businesses by the nature of services each provides and operate principally in three business segments: electric utility, gas utility, and enterprises.
Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include CMS Energy, Consumers, Enterprises, and all other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest or are the primary beneficiary, in accordance with FIN 46(R). We use the equity method of accounting for investments in companies and partnerships that are not consolidated, where we have significant influence over operations and financial policies, but are not the primary beneficiary. We eliminate intercompany transactions and balances.
Use of Estimates: We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. We are required to make estimates using assumptions that may affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
We record estimated liabilities for contingencies in our consolidated financial statements when it is probable that a loss will be incurred in the future as a result of a current event, and when an amount can be reasonably estimated. For additional details, see Note 3, Contingencies.
Revenue Recognition Policy: We recognize revenues from deliveries of electricity and natural gas, and the transportation, processing, and storage of natural gas when services are provided. We record sales tax on a net basis and exclude it from revenues. We recognize revenues on sales of marketed electricity, natural gas, and other energy products at delivery. We recognize mark-to-market changes in

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the fair values of energy trading contracts that qualify as derivatives as revenues in the periods in which the changes occur.
Accounting for Legal Fees: We expense legal fees as incurred; fees incurred but not yet billed are accrued based on estimates of work performed. This policy also applies to fees incurred on behalf of employees and officers related to indemnification agreements; such fees are billed directly to us.
Accounting for MISO Transactions: MISO requires that we submit hourly day-ahead and real-time bids and offers for energy at locations across the MISO region. Consumers and CMS ERM account for MISO transactions on a net hourly basis in each of the real-time and day-ahead markets, and net transactions across all MISO energy market nodes at which they enter into transactions. To the degree we have made net purchases in a single hour, we report the net amount in the “Purchased and interchange power” line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). To the degree we have made net sales in a single hour, we report the net amount in the “Operating Revenue” line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). CMS ERM records billing adjustments when it receives invoices. Consumers records expense accruals for future adjustments based on historical experience, and reconciles accruals to actual expenses when invoices are received.
International Operations and Foreign Currency: Our previously owned subsidiaries and affiliates whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar translate their assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the end of the fiscal period. We translate revenue and expense accounts of such subsidiaries and affiliates into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates that prevailed during the period. We show these foreign currency translation adjustments in the stockholders’ equity section on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We include exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency, except those that are hedged, in determining net income.
At September 30, 2007, the cumulative Foreign Currency Translation component of stockholders’ equity was $129 million, net of tax, which primarily represents currency losses in Argentina. The cumulative foreign currency loss due to the unfavorable exchange rate of the Argentine peso using an exchange rate of 3.149 pesos per U.S. dollar was $129 million, net of tax.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Equity Method Investments: We evaluate potential impairments of our long-lived assets, other than goodwill, based on various analyses, including the projection of undiscounted cash flows, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable.
An asset held-in-use is evaluated for impairment by calculating the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount, we recognize an impairment loss. The impairment loss recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. We estimate the fair market value of the asset utilizing the best information available. This information includes quoted market prices, market prices of similar assets, and discounted future cash flow analyses.
We also assess our ability to recover the carrying amounts of our equity method investments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investments may not be recoverable. This assessment requires us to determine the fair values of our equity method investments. We determine fair value using valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flows and the ability of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity that justifies the carrying amount of the investment. We record a write down if the fair value is less than the carrying value and the decline in value is considered to be other than temporary.
For additional details, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.

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Other Income and Other Expense: The following tables show the components of Other income and Other expense:
                                 
In Millions  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
Other income
                               
Interest and dividends — related parties
  $     $ 2     $     $ 8  
Electric restructuring return
          1       1       3  
Return on stranded and security costs
    1       1       4       4  
Nitrogen oxide allowance sales
          1             7  
Refund of surety bond premium
                      1  
Gain on investment
    3             7        
All other
          2       3       5  
 
 
                               
Total other income
  $ 4     $ 7     $ 15     $ 28  
 
                                 
In Millions  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
Other expense
                               
Accretion expense
  $     $     $     $ (4 )
Derivative loss on debt tender offer
                (3 )      
Loss on reacquired and extinguished debt
    (11 )           (22 )     (5 )
Civic and political expenditures
    (1 )     (1 )     (2 )     (2 )
Donations
                      (1 )
All other
          (1 )     (2 )     (3 )
 
 
                               
Total other expense
  $ (12 )   $ (2 )   $ (29 )   $ (15 )
 
Reclassifications: We have reclassified certain prior period amounts on our Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to the presentation for the current period. These reclassifications did not affect consolidated net income (loss) or cash flow for the periods presented. The most significant of these reclassifications is related to certain subsidiaries reclassified as “held for sale” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and activities of those subsidiaries as Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). For additional details, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges, “Discontinued Operations.”
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective: SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements : In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, effective for us January 1, 2008. The standard provides a revised definition of “fair value” and gives guidance on how to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities. Under the standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly exchange between market participants. The standard does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. However, additional disclosures will be required on the impact and reliability of fair value measurements reflected in our consolidated financial statements. The standard will also eliminate the existing prohibition of recognizing “day one” gains or losses on derivative instruments, and will generally require such gains and losses to be recognized through earnings. We are presently evaluating the impacts, if any, of implementing SFAS No. 157. We currently do not hold any derivatives that would involve day one gains or losses.

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SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Including an amendment to FASB Statement No. 115 : In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, effective for us January 1, 2008. This standard will give us the option to select certain financial instruments and other items, which otherwise are not required to be measured at fair value, and measure those items at fair value. If we choose to elect the fair value option for an item, we would recognize unrealized gains and losses associated with changes in the fair value of the item over time. The statement will also require disclosures for items for which the fair value option has been elected. We are presently evaluating whether we will choose to elect the fair value option for any financial instruments or other items.
FSP FIN 39-1, Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39 : In April 2007, the FASB issued FSP FIN 39-1, effective for us January 1, 2008. This standard will permit us to offset the fair value of derivative instruments with cash collateral received or paid for those derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. As a result, we will be permitted to record one net asset or liability that represents the total net exposure of all derivative positions under a master netting arrangement. The decision to offset derivative positions under master netting arrangements remains an accounting policy choice. We presently record the net fair value of derivative assets and liabilities for those contracts held by CMS ERM that are subject to master netting arrangements, and separately record amounts for cash collateral received or paid for these instruments. Under this standard, as a result of offsetting the collateral amounts against the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities, both our total assets and total liabilities could be reduced. The standard is to be applied retrospectively by adjusting the financial statements for all periods presented. There will be no impact to earnings from adopting this standard.
EITF Issue 06-11, Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment Awards: In June 2007, the FASB ratified EITF Issue 06-11, effective for us on a prospective basis beginning January 1, 2008. EITF 06-11 requires companies to recognize the income tax benefit realized from dividends or dividend equivalents that are charged to retained earnings and paid to employees for non-vested equity-classified employee share-based payment awards as an increase to additional paid-in capital. We do not believe that implementation of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.
2: Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges
Asset Sales
The impacts of our asset sales are included in Gain on asset sales, net and Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). There were no asset sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2006.
We completed the sale of a portfolio of our businesses in Argentina and our northern Michigan non-utility natural gas assets to Lucid Energy for gross cash proceeds of $130 million in March 2007. The $301 million pretax loss on sale includes a $279 million loss in discontinued operations and a $22 million loss in continuing operations.
In connection with the sale of our Argentine and Michigan assets, we entered into agreements that grant Lucid Energy:
    an option to buy CMS Gas Transmission’s ownership interest in TGN, subject to the rights of other third parties,

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    the right to certain proceeds that may be awarded and received by CMS Gas Transmission in connection with certain legal proceedings, and
 
    the right to proceeds that Enterprises will receive if it sells its stock interest in CMS Generation San Nicolas Company.
Under these agreements, we have essentially sold our rights to certain awards or proceeds that we may receive in the future. Of the total consideration received in the sale, we allocated $32 million to these agreements and recorded this amount as a deferred credit on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to the settlement of certain legal proceedings in September 2007, a portion of CMS Gas Transmission’s obligations under these agreements has been satisfied. As such, we recognized $17 million of the deferred credit as a gain in September 2007.
We also sold our interest in El Chocon, an Argentine hydroelectric generating business, to Endesa, S.A. for gross cash proceeds of $50 million in March 2007. We recorded a $34 million pretax gain in continuing operations.
We sold our ownership interest in SENECA and certain associated generating equipment to PDVSA, which is owned by the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, for gross cash proceeds of $106 million in April 2007. We recorded a $46 million pretax gain in discontinued operations.
We sold our ownership interest in businesses in the Middle East, Africa, and India to TAQA for $900 million in May 2007. Gross proceeds from the sale included $792 million in cash proceeds and TAQA’s assumption of $108 million in debt. Businesses included in the sale were Takoradi, Taweelah, Shuweihat, Jorf Lasfar, Jubail, and Neyveli. The $80 million pretax gain on sale includes a $96 million gain recorded in discontinued operations and a $16 million loss recorded in continuing operations.
In June 2007, we sold CMS Energy Brasil S.A. to CPFL Energia S.A., a Brazilian utility, for $211 million, which included $201 million in cash proceeds and CPFL Energia S.A.’s assumption of a $10 million tax liability. We recorded a $3 million pretax gain in discontinued operations.
We sold our investment in GasAtacama to Endesa S.A. for gross cash proceeds of $80 million in August 2007. There was no gain or loss on the sale.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the following table summarizes asset sales that did not meet the definition of, and therefore were not reported as, discontinued operations:
                     
In Millions  
        Pretax     After-tax  
Date sold   Business/Project   Gain (Loss)     Gain (Loss)  
 
March
  El Chocon   $ 34     $ 22  
March
  TGM and Bay Area Pipeline (a)     (22 )     (14 )
May
  Middle East, Africa and India businesses (b)     (16 )     (12 )
August
  GasAtacama            
September
  Sale of award rights (a)     17       11  
Various
  Other     3       2  
 
 
  Total gain on asset sales   $ 16     $ 9  
 
(a)   Included in the $130 million sale to Lucid Energy.
 
(b)   Included in the $900 million sale to TAQA.

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Sale of Nuclear Assets: In April 2007, we sold Palisades to Entergy for $380 million. Due to various closing adjustments such as working capital and capital expenditure adjustments and nuclear fuel usage and inventory adjustments, we have received $363 million in proceeds as of September 30, 2007. We also paid Entergy $30 million to assume ownership and responsibility for the Big Rock ISFSI. Because of the sale of Palisades, we paid the NMC, the former operator of Palisades, $7 million in exit fees and forfeited our $5 million investment in the NMC.
Entergy assumed responsibility for the future decommissioning of Palisades and for storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel located at Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI sites. At closing, we transferred $252 million in decommissioning trust fund balances to Entergy. We are crediting excess decommissioning funds of $189 million to our retail customers from June 2007 through December 2008 and have recorded this obligation, plus interest, as a regulatory liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Modification to the terms of the transaction allowed us immediate access to additional excess decommissioning trust funds of $123 million as of September 30, 2007. We have proposed a plan to credit these excess decommissioning fund balances to our retail customers. This plan is under review by the MPSC in our current electric rate case filing. We recorded this balance, plus interest, as a regulatory liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The MPSC order approving the Palisades transaction allows us to recover the book value of Palisades, which we estimated at $314 million. As a result, we are crediting proceeds in excess of book value of $66 million to our retail customers from June 2007 through December 2008. After closing adjustments, which are subject to MPSC review, proceeds in excess of the book value were $77 million as of September 30, 2007. We deferred the gain as a regulatory liability. The MPSC order put off ruling on the recovery of transaction costs, including the NMC exit fees, and the $30 million payment to Entergy related to the Big Rock ISFSI until our next general rate case. We deferred these costs as a regulatory asset on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as recovery is probable.
In April 2007, the NRC issued an order approving the transfer of the Palisades operating license. Intervenors have filed petitions for reconsideration of the NRC orders approving the transfer of the Palisades and Big Rock licenses. The NRC did not alter or stay the prior order approving the license transfer. We believe that it is unlikely that the NRC will conduct further proceedings or alter its prior orders, but we cannot predict the outcome of the matter.

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The following table summarizes the impacts of the Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI transaction:
   
                         
In Millions  
    MPSC Order     Estimated        
    Customer     Closing     Total  
Customer Benefits   Benefits Estimate     Adjustments     Benefits  
 
Purchase price
  $ 380     $ (7 )   $ 373  
Less: Book value of Palisades
    314       (18 )     296  
 
                 
Excess proceeds
    66       11       77  
Excess decommissioning trust funds
    189       123       312  
 
                 
Total customer benefits
  $ 255     $ 134     $ 389  
 
                 
 
 
         
    Total  
Deferred Costs   Costs  
 
NMC exit fee
  $ 7  
Forfeiture of the NMC investment
    5  
Selling expenses
    14  
 
     
Total transaction costs
    26  
Big Rock ISFSI operation and maintenance fee to Entergy
    30  
 
     
Regulatory asset, as of September 30, 2007
  $ 56  
 
     
Palisades Power Purchase Agreement: Entergy contracted to sell us 100 percent of the plant’s output up to its current annual average capacity of 798 MW under a 15-year power purchase agreement beginning in April 2007. We provided $30 million in security to Entergy for our power purchase agreement obligation in the form of a letter of credit. We estimate that capacity and energy payments under the Palisades power purchase agreement will be $180 million in 2007 and average $300 million per year thereafter.
Due to the Palisades power purchase agreement, the transaction is a sale and leaseback for accounting purposes. SFAS No. 98 specifies the accounting required for a seller’s sale and simultaneous leaseback involving real estate. We have continuing involvement with Palisades through security provided to Entergy for our power purchase agreement obligation and our DOE liability and other forms of involvement. As a result, we accounted for the Palisades plant, which is the real estate asset subject to the leaseback, as a financing for accounting purposes and not a sale. As a financing, no gain on the sale of Palisades was recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). We accounted for the remaining non-real estate assets and liabilities associated with the transaction as a sale.
As a financing, the Palisades plant remains on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and we continue to depreciate it. We recorded the related proceeds as a finance obligation with payments recorded to interest expense and the finance obligation based on the amortization of the obligation over the life of the Palisades power purchase agreement. The value of the finance obligation was based on an allocation of the transaction proceeds to the fair values of the net assets sold and fair value of the Palisades plant asset under the financing. As of September 30, 2007, the financing obligation was $190 million. We estimate future payments of $13 million per year over the next five years.
Subsequent Asset Sale : We entered into an agreement to sell our investment in Jamaica to AEI for gross cash proceeds of $14 million in June 2007. We closed on the sale in October 2007.

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Discontinued Operations
In accordance with SFAS No. 144, our consolidated financial statements have been reclassified for all periods presented to reflect the operations, assets and liabilities of our consolidated subsidiaries that meet the criteria of discontinued operations. The assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries have been classified as “Assets held for sale” and “Liabilities held for sale” on our December 31, 2006 consolidated balance sheets. Subsidiaries classified as “held for sale” at December 31, 2006 include our Argentine businesses, a majority of our Michigan non-utility gas businesses, CMS Energy Brasil S.A., SENECA, Takoradi, and certain associated holding companies. At September 30, 2007, there were no subsidiaries classified as “held for sale” due to the completion of these sales in the first and second quarters of 2007.
The major classes of assets and liabilities “held for sale” on our December 31, 2006 Consolidated Balance Sheet are as follows:
         
    In Millions  
 
 
       
Assets
       
Cash
  $ 102  
Accounts receivable, net
    105  
Notes receivable
    110  
Goodwill
    25  
Investments
    33  
Property, plant and equipment, net
    233  
Other
    43  
 
Total assets
  $ 651  
 
 
       
Liabilities
       
Accounts payable
  $ 82  
Accrued taxes
    30  
Minority interest
    40  
Other
    51  
 
Total liabilities
  $ 203  
 

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Our discontinued operations contain the activities of the subsidiaries classified as “held for sale” as well as those disposed of for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and are a component of our Enterprises business segment. We reflect the following amounts in the Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations line in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss):
                 
In Millions  
Three months ended September 30   2007     2006  
 
Revenues
  $     $ 174  
 
 
               
Pretax income from discontinued operations
  $     $ 22  
Income tax expense
          11  
 
Income From Discontinued Operations
  $     $ 11  
 
 
               
                 
In Millions  
Nine months ended September 30   2007     2006  
 
Revenues
  $ 235     $ 486  
 
 
               
Pretax income (loss) from discontinued operations
  $ (88 )   $ 56  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    (1 )(a)     24  
 
Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations
  $ (87 )(b)   $ 32  
 
(a)   Includes a $5 million additional charge related to foreign earnings repatriated in March 2007.
 
(b)   Includes a loss on disposal of our Argentine and northern Michigan non-utility assets of $279 million ($171 million after-tax and after minority interest), a gain on disposal of SENECA of $46 million ($33 million after-tax and after minority interest), a gain on disposal of our ownership interest in businesses in the Middle East, Africa, and India of $96 million ($62 million after-tax), and a gain on disposal of CMS Energy Brasil S.A. of $3 million ($2 million after-tax).
Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations includes a provision for anticipated closing costs and a portion of CMS Energy’s parent company interest expense. Interest expense of $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and $12 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 has been allocated based on the net book value of the asset to be sold divided by CMS Energy’s total capitalization of each discontinued operation multiplied by CMS Energy’s interest expense.
Impairment Charges
The table below summarizes our asset impairments:
                                 
In Millions  
    Pretax     After-tax     Pretax     After-tax  
Nine months ended September 30   2007     2007     2006     2006  
 
Asset impairments:
                               
Enterprises:
                               
TGN (a)
  $ 140     $ 91     $     $  
GasAtacama (b)
    35       23       239       169  
Jamaica (c)
    22       14              
PowerSmith (d)
    5       3              
Prairie State (e)
    2       1              
 
Total asset impairments
  $ 204     $ 132     $ 239     $ 169  
 
(a)   In the first quarter of 2007, we recorded a $215 million impairment charge to recognize the reduction in fair value of our investment in TGN, a natural gas business in Argentina. The

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    impairment included a cumulative net foreign currency translation loss of approximately $197 million.
 
    In December 2005, certain insurance underwriters paid $75 million to CMS Gas Transmission in respect of their insurance obligations resulting from the non-payment of the ICSID arbitration award. We recorded this payment as a deferred credit on our Consolidated Balance Sheets because of a contingent obligation to refund the proceeds if the arbitration decision was annulled. In September 2007, the contingent repayment obligation was eliminated by agreement. Later that month, a separate arbitration panel ruling on the annulment issue upheld the prior ICSID award. As a result, we recognized the $75 million deferred credit in Asset impairment charges, net of insurance recoveries on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). For additional details on this settlement, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Other Contingencies — Argentina.”
 
    We will maintain our interest in TGN, which remains subject to a potential sale to the government of Argentina or some other disposition.
 
(b)   In August 2006, a major gas supplier notified GasAtacama that it would no longer deliver gas to GasAtacma due to the Argentine government’s decision to increase the cost of its gas exports using a special tax. We performed an impairment analysis to determine the fair value of our investment in GasAtacama and concluded that the fair value was lower than the carrying amount and that this decline was other than temporary. We recorded an impairment charge in the third quarter of 2006. As a result, our consolidated net income was reduced by $169 million after considering tax effects and minority interest.
 
    In the second quarter of 2007, we recorded an impairment charge to reflect the fair value of our investment in GasAtacama as determined in sale negotiations.
 
(c)   In the first quarter of 2007, we recorded an impairment charge to reflect the fair value of our investment in an electric generating plant in Jamaica.
 
(d)   In the first quarter of 2007, we recorded an impairment charge to reflect the fair value of our investment in PowerSmith.
 
(e)   In the second quarter of 2007, we recorded an impairment charge to reflect our withdrawal from the co-development of Prairie State with Peabody Energy because it did not meet our investment criteria.
3: CONTINGENCIES
SEC and DOJ Investigations: During the period of May 2000 through January 2002, CMS MST engaged in simultaneous, prearranged commodity trading transactions in which energy commodities were sold and repurchased at the same price. These so-called round-trip trades had no impact on previously reported consolidated net income, earnings per share or cash flows, but had the effect of increasing operating revenues and operating expenses by equal amounts.
CMS Energy is cooperating with an investigation by the DOJ concerning round-trip trading, which the DOJ commenced in May 2002. CMS Energy is unable to predict the outcome of this matter and what effect, if any, this investigation will have on its business. In March 2004, the SEC approved a cease-and-desist order settling an administrative action against CMS Energy related to round-trip trading. The order did not assess a fine and CMS Energy neither admitted to nor denied the order’s findings. The settlement resolved the SEC investigation involving CMS Energy and CMS MST. Also in March 2004, the SEC filed an action against three former employees related to round-trip trading at CMS MST. One of the individuals has settled with the SEC. CMS Energy is currently advancing legal

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defense costs for the remaining two individuals in accordance with existing indemnification policies. Those two individuals filed a motion to dismiss the SEC action, which was denied.
Securities Class Action Lawsuits : Beginning in May 2002, a number of complaints were filed against CMS Energy, Consumers and certain officers and directors of CMS Energy and its affiliates in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. The cases were consolidated into a single lawsuit (the “Shareholder Action”), which generally seeks unspecified damages based on allegations that the defendants violated United States securities laws and regulations by making allegedly false and misleading statements about CMS Energy’s business and financial condition, particularly with respect to revenues and expenses recorded in connection with round-trip trading by CMS MST. In January 2005, the court granted a motion to dismiss Consumers and three of the individual defendants, but denied the motions to dismiss CMS Energy and the 13 remaining individual defendants. In March 2006, the court conditionally certified a class consisting of “all persons who purchased CMS Common Stock during the period of October 25, 2000 through and including May 17, 2002 and who were damaged thereby.” The court excluded purchasers of CMS Energy’s 8.75 percent Adjustable Convertible Trust Securities (“ACTS”) from the class and, in response, a new class action lawsuit was filed on behalf of ACTS purchasers (the “ACTS Action”) against the same defendants named in the Shareholder Action. The settlement described in the following paragraph has resolved both the Shareholder and ACTS Actions.
On January 3, 2007, CMS Energy and other parties entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (the “MOU”), subject to court approval, regarding settlement of the two class action lawsuits. The settlement was approved by a special committee of independent directors and by the full board of directors of CMS Energy. Both judged that it was in the best interests of shareholders to eliminate this business uncertainty. Under the terms of the MOU, the litigation was settled for a total of $200 million, including the cost of administering the settlement and any attorney fees the court awards. CMS Energy made a payment of approximately $123 million plus interest on the settlement amount on September 20, 2007. CMS Energy’s insurers paid $77 million, the balance of the settlement amount. In entering into the MOU, CMS Energy made no admission of liability under the Shareholder Action and the ACTS Action. The parties executed a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement dated May 22, 2007 (“Stipulation”) incorporating the terms of the MOU. In accordance with the Stipulation, CMS Energy paid approximately $1 million of the settlement amount to fund administrative expenses. On September 6, 2007, the court issued a final order approving the settlement. The remaining settlement amount was paid following the September 6, 2007 hearing.
On October 5, 2007, two former officers of Consumers filed an appeal of the order approving the settlement of the shareholder litigation. Based on the objections they filed in the District Court and comments made on the record at the fairness hearing on September 6, 2007, they are not challenging the amount of the settlement. Their principal complaint was with the exclusion of all present and former officers and their immediate families from participation in the settlement. It is not anticipated that the appeal will result in changes to any material terms of the settlement approved by the District Court.
Gas Index Price Reporting Investigation: CMS Energy notified appropriate regulatory and governmental agencies that some employees at CMS MST and CMS Field Services appeared to have provided inaccurate information regarding natural gas trades to various energy industry publications, which compile and report index prices. CMS Energy cooperated with an investigation by the DOJ regarding this matter. Although CMS Energy has not received any formal notification that the DOJ has completed its investigation, the DOJ’s last request for information occurred in November 2003, and CMS Energy completed its response to this request in May 2004. CMS Energy is unable to predict the outcome of the DOJ investigation and what effect, if any, the investigation will have on its business.
The CFTC filed a civil injunctive action against two former CMS Field Services employees in Oklahoma federal district court on February 1, 2005. The action alleges the two engaged in reporting false natural gas trade information, and seeks to prohibit these acts, compel compliance with the Commodities Exchange Act, and impose monetary penalties. The court entered separate consent orders with respect to each of the two individuals, one dated April 18, 2007 and one dated June 25, 2007, resolving this litigation. The consent orders prohibit each of the individuals from engaging in certain activities and further provide civil monetary penalties in the amount of $100,000 for one individual and $25,000 for the other individual. Pursuant to agreements with each of the individuals, CMS has paid $95,000 of the $100,000 amount and $22,000 of the $25,000 amount, with the remaining amounts paid

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by the individuals themselves. These settlements put an end to CFTC enforcement actions relating to gas price reporting by individuals once employed at present or former CMS subsidiaries.
Gas Index Price Reporting Litigation: CMS Energy, CMS MST, CMS Field Services, Cantera Natural Gas, Inc. (the company that purchased CMS Field Services) and Cantera Gas Company are named as defendants in various lawsuits arising as a result of claimed inaccurate natural gas price reporting. Allegations include manipulation of NYMEX natural gas futures and options prices, price-fixing conspiracies, and artificial inflation of natural gas retail prices in California, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. CMS MST has settled a master class action suit in California state court for $7 million. The CMS Energy defendants have also settled four class action suits originally filed in California federal court. The other cases in several federal and state jurisdictions remain pending. We cannot predict the outcome of these matters.
Katz Technology Litigation: In June 2007, Ronald A. Katz Technology Licensing, L.P. (“RAKTL”), filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan against CMS Energy and Consumers alleging patent infringement. RAKTL is claiming that automated customer service, bill payment services and gas leak reporting offered to our customers and accessed through toll free numbers infringe on patents held by RAKTL. This case has been transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California where other similar cases against public utilities, banks and other entities involving these patents are pending. We obtained an opinion from patent counsel that our automated telephone systems do not infringe on RAKTL patents and that those patents may be invalid. We will defend ourselves vigorously against these claims but cannot predict their outcome.
Bay Harbor: As part of the development of Bay Harbor by certain subsidiaries of CMS Energy, which went forward under an agreement with the MDEQ, third parties constructed a golf course and a park over several abandoned CKD piles, left over from the former cement plant operation on the Bay Harbor site. Pursuant to the agreement with the MDEQ, a water collection system was constructed to recover seep water from one of the CKD piles and CMS Energy built a treatment plant to treat the seep water. In 2002, CMS Energy sold its interest in Bay Harbor, but retained its obligations under previous environmental indemnifications entered into at the inception of the project.
In September 2004, the MDEQ issued a notice of noncompliance after finding high-pH seep water in Lake Michigan adjacent to the property. The MDEQ also found higher than acceptable levels of heavy metals, including mercury, in the seep water.
In February 2005, the EPA executed an AOC to address problems at Bay Harbor, upon the consent of CMS Land Company (CMS Land) and CMS Capital, LLC, both subsidiaries of CMS Energy. Pursuant to the AOC, the EPA approved a Removal Action Work Plan in July 2005. Among other things, this plan calls for the installation of collection trenches to intercept high-pH CKD leachate flow to the lake. All collection systems contemplated in this work plan have been installed. Shoreline effectiveness monitoring is ongoing, and CMS Land is obligated to address any observed exceedances in pH. This may potentially include the augmentation of the collection system. In May 2006, the EPA approved a pilot carbon dioxide augmentation plan to augment the leachate recovery system by improving pH results in the Pine Court area of the collection system. The augmentation system was installed in June 2006. Depending upon measurement results, further augmentation may be necessary.

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In February 2006, CMS Land submitted to the EPA a proposed Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study for the East Park CKD pile. The EPA approved a schedule for near-term activities, which includes consolidating certain CKD materials and installing collection trenches in the East Park leachate release area. In June 2006, the EPA approved an East Park CKD Removal Action Work Plan and Final Engineering Design for Consolidation. CMS Energy and the MDEQ have initiated negotiations of an AOC and to define a long-term remedy at East Park. These negotiations have included, among other things, issues relating to the disposal of leachate, the location and design of collection lines and upstream diversion of water, potential flow of leachate below the collection system, and other issues.
As a result of the installation of collection systems at the East Park and Bay Harbor sites, CMS Land is collecting and treating approximately 135,000 gallons of leachate per day and shipping it by truck for disposal at a Class 1 well located in Johannesburg, Michigan, and at a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant located in Traverse City, Michigan. To address the longer term disposal of leachate, CMS Land has filed two permit applications with the MDEQ and the EPA, the first to treat the collected leachate at the East Park and Bay Harbor sites before releasing the water to Lake Michigan and a second to dispose of leachate in a deep injection well in Alba, Michigan, that we would own and operate.
CMS Land has entered into various access, purchase and settlement agreements with several of the affected landowners at Bay Harbor, and entered into a confidential settlement with one landowner to resolve a lawsuit filed by that landowner. We have received demands for indemnification relating to claims and (or) lawsuits filed by a property owner and a former business owner at Bay Harbor. CMS Land has purchased five unimproved lots and two lots with houses. At this time, CMS Land believes it has all necessary access arrangements to complete the remediation work required under the AOC.
CMS Energy recorded charges related to this matter in 2004, 2005, and 2006 totaling $93 million. At September 30, 2007, CMS Energy has a liability of $40 million for its remaining obligations. We based the liability on 2006 discounted costs, using a discount rate of 4.7 percent and an inflation rate of 1 percent on annual operating and maintenance costs. We used the interest rate for 30-year U.S. Treasury securities for the discount rate. The undiscounted amount of the remaining obligation is $53 million. We expect to pay $18 million in 2007, $17 million in 2008, $3 million in 2009, and the remaining expenditures as part of long-term operating and maintenance costs. Any significant change in assumptions, such as an increase in the number of sites, different remediation techniques, nature and extent of contamination, inability to reach agreement with the MDEQ or EPA over remedial actions, failure to obtain requested permits from the EPA and the DEQ related to the Alba injection well or the release of treated leachate to Lake Michigan, and legal and regulatory requirements, could impact our estimate of remedial action costs and the timing of the expenditures. An adverse outcome of this matter could, depending on the size of any indemnification obligation or liability under environmental laws, have a potentially significant adverse effect on CMS Energy’s financial condition and liquidity and could negatively impact CMS Energy’s financial results. CMS Energy cannot predict the ultimate cost or outcome of this matter.
Consumers’ Electric Utility Contingencies
Electric Environmental Matters: Our operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations. Costs to operate our facilities in compliance with these laws and regulations generally have been recovered in customer rates.
Routine Maintenance Classification: The EPA has alleged that some utilities have incorrectly classified plant modifications as “routine maintenance” rather than seeking permits from the EPA to modify the plant. We have received and responded to information requests from the EPA on this subject. We believe that we have properly interpreted the requirements of “routine maintenance.” If our interpretation is found to be incorrect, we may be required to install additional pollution controls at some or all of our coal-fired electric generating plants and potentially pay fines. Additionally, the viability of certain plants remaining in operation could be called into question. We cannot predict the financial impact or outcome of this issue.

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Cleanup and Solid Waste: Under the Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, we expect that we will ultimately incur investigation and remedial action costs at a number of sites. We believe that these costs will be recoverable in rates under current ratemaking policies.
We are a potentially responsible party at several contaminated sites administered under the Superfund. Superfund liability is joint and several, meaning that many other creditworthy parties with substantial assets are potentially responsible with respect to the individual sites. Based on our experience, we estimate that our share of the total liability for the known Superfund sites will be between $1 million and $10 million. At September 30, 2007, we have recorded a liability for the minimum amount of our estimated probable Superfund liability in accordance with FIN 14. The timing of payments related to the remediation of our Superfund sites is uncertain. Any significant change in assumptions, such as different remediation techniques, nature and extent of contamination, and legal and regulatory requirements, could affect our estimate of remedial action costs and the timing of our remediation payments.
Ludington PCB: In October 1998, during routine maintenance activities, we identified PCB as a component in certain paint, grout, and sealant materials at Ludington. We removed and replaced part of the PCB material. Since proposing a plan to deal with the remaining materials, we have had several conversations with the EPA. The EPA has proposed a rule that would authorize continued use of such material in place, subject to certain restrictions. We are not able to predict when a final rule will be issued.
Electric Utility Plant Air Permit Issues: In April 2007, we received a Notice of Violation(NOV)/Finding of Violation (FOV) from the EPA alleging that fourteen of our utility boilers exceeded visible emission limits in their associated air permits. The utility boilers are located at the D.E. Karn/J.C. Weadock Generating Complex, the J.H. Campbell Plant, the BC Cobb Electric Generating Station and the JR Whiting Plant, which are all located in Michigan. We have formally responded to the NOV/FOV denying the allegations and are awaiting the EPA’s response to our submission. We cannot predict the financial impact or outcome of this issue.
Litigation: In 2003, a group of eight PURPA qualifying facilities (the plaintiffs), which sell power to us, filed a lawsuit in Ingham County Circuit Court. The lawsuit alleged that we incorrectly calculated the energy charge payments made pursuant to power purchase agreements with qualifying facilities. The judge deferred to the primary jurisdiction of the MPSC, dismissing the circuit court case without prejudice. In February 2005, the MPSC issued an order in the 2004 PSCR plan case concluding that we have been correctly administering the energy charge calculation methodology. The plaintiffs have appealed the MPSC order to the Michigan Court of Appeals. The plaintiffs also filed suit in the United States Court for the Western District of Michigan, which the judge subsequently dismissed on the basis that the pending state court litigation would fully resolve any federal issue before the courts. The plaintiffs then appealed the dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals, which held that the district court matter should be stayed rather than dismissed, pending the outcome of the state appeal. We cannot predict the outcome of these appeals.
Consumers’ Electric Utility Rate Matters
Electric ROA: The Customer Choice Act allows electric utilities to recover their net Stranded Costs. In November 2004, the MPSC approved recovery of Stranded Costs incurred from 2002 through 2003 plus the cost of money through the period of collection. At September 30, 2007, we had a regulatory asset for Stranded Costs of $67 million on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We collect these Stranded Costs through a surcharge on ROA customers. At September 30, 2007, alternative electric suppliers were providing 311 MW of generation service to ROA customers, which represents an increase of 1 percent of ROA load compared to September 30, 2006. Since the MPSC order, we have experienced downward trends in ROA customers. This trend has affected negatively our ability to recover these

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Stranded Costs in a timely manner. If this trend continues, it may require legislative or regulatory assistance to recover fully our Stranded Costs. It is difficult to predict future ROA customer trends and their effect on the timely recovery of Stranded Costs.
Power Supply Costs: To reduce the risk of high power supply costs during peak demand periods and to achieve our reserve margin target, we purchase electric capacity and energy contracts for the physical delivery of electricity primarily in the summer months and to a lesser degree in the winter months. We have purchased capacity and energy contracts covering partially the estimated reserve margin requirements for 2008 through 2010.
PSCR: The PSCR process allows recovery of reasonable and prudent power supply costs. The MPSC reviews these costs for reasonableness and prudency in annual plan proceedings and in plan reconciliation proceedings. The following table summarizes our PSCR reconciliation filings with the MPSC:
                     
Power Supply Cost Recovery Reconciliation
            Net Under-   PSCR Cost of Power   Description of Net
PSCR Year   Date Filed   Order Date   recovery   Sold   Underrecovery
 
2005 Reconciliation
  March 2006   July 2007   $36 million   $1.081 billion   MPSC approved the recovery of our $36 million underrecovery, including the cost of money, related to our commercial and industrial customers.
2006 Reconciliation
  March 2007   Pending   $105 million   $1.490 billion   Underrecovery relates to our increased METC costs and coal supply costs, increased bundled sales, and other cost increases beyond those included in the 2006 PSCR plan filings.
 
2007 PSCR Plan: In September 2006, we filed our 2007 PSCR plan with the MPSC. The plan sought authorization to incorporate our 2005 and 2006 PSCR underrecoveries into our 2007 PSCR monthly factor. In December 2006, the MPSC issued a temporary order allowing us to implement our 2007 PSCR monthly factor on January 1, 2007, as filed. The order also allowed us to continue to roll in prior year underrecoveries and overrecoveries in future PSCR plans. In September 2007, the ALJ recommended in his Proposal for Decision that we reduce our 2006 underrecovery rolled into 2007 by $62 million to reflect the refund of 100 percent of the proceeds from the sale of sulfur dioxide allowances. Our PSCR plan proposed to refund 50 percent of the proceeds to customers. In accordance with FERC regulations, we reserved this amount, excluding interest, as a regulatory liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets until a final order is received from the MPSC.
Underrecoveries in power supply costs are included in Accrued power supply and gas revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We expect to recover fully all of our PSCR costs. When we are unable to collect these costs as they are incurred, there is a negative impact on our cash flows from electric utility operations. We cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings.
2008 PSCR Plan : In September 2007, we submitted our 2008 PSCR plan filing to the MPSC. Included in our request is proposed recovery of estimated 2007 PSCR underrecoveries of $84 million. We expect to self-implement the proposed 2008 PSCR charge in January 2008, absent action by the MPSC by the end of 2007. We cannot predict the outcome of this proceeding.

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Electric Rate Case: In March 2007, we filed an application with the MPSC seeking an 11.25 percent authorized return on equity and an annual increase in revenues of $157 million. In May 2007, we filed supplemental testimony with the MPSC to include transaction costs from the sale of Palisades. In July 2007, we filed an amended application with the MPSC to include the proposed purchase of the Zeeland power plant, the approval of an energy efficiency program, and to make other revisions.
In July 2007, we also filed an amended application for rate relief, which seeks the following:
    approval to remove the costs associated with Palisades,
 
    recovery of the proposed purchase of the Zeeland power plant,
 
    partial and immediate rate relief associated with 2007 capital investments, a $400 million equity infusion into Consumers, and general inflation on operation and maintenance expenses to 2007 levels, and
 
    approval of a plan for the distribution of additional excess proceeds from the sale of Palisades to customers, effectively offsetting the partial and immediate relief for up to nine months.
The following table summarizes the components of the final and interim requested increase in revenue:
                 
In Millions  
    Zeeland        
    and        
    Partial        
    and        
Components of the increase in revenue   Immediate     Final  
 
Increase in base rates (a)
  $ 77     $ 146  
Removal of Palisades from base rates
    (169 )     (169 )
Elimination of Palisades base rate recovery credit from the PSCR (b)
    167       167  
Surcharge for return on nuclear investments (c)
          13  
 
           
Total requested increase in revenues at March 2007 filing
    75       157  
Palisades transaction costs
          28  
Zeeland power plant non-fuel revenue requirements
    84       92  
Energy Efficiency Program surcharge
          5  
Palisades excess proceeds
    (127 )      
 
           
Total requested increase in revenues
  $ 32     $ 282  
 
(a)   The increase in base rates relates to Clean Air Act-related and other utility expenditures, changes in the capital structure, and increased distribution system operation and maintenance costs including employee pension and health care costs.
 
(b)   Palisades power purchase agreement costs in the PSCR are presently offset through a base rate recovery credit. The Palisades base rate recovery credit will be discontinued once Palisades’ costs are removed from base rates.
 
(c)   The nuclear surcharge is a proposal to earn a return on funds spent on Big Rock spent nuclear fuel storage, decommissioning, and site restoration expenditures until pending DOE litigation and future MPSC proceedings regarding this issue are concluded.
When we are unable to include increased costs and investments in rates in a timely manner, there is a negative impact on our cash flows from electric utility operations. We cannot predict the amount or timing of any MPSC decision on the requests.

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Other Consumers’ Electric Utility Contingencies
The MCV PPA: The MCV Partnership, which leases and operates the MCV Facility, contracted to sell 1,240 MW of electricity to Consumers under a 35-year power purchase agreement beginning in 1990. We estimate that capacity and energy payments under the MCV PPA, excluding RCP savings, will range from $650 million to $750 million per year, which assumes successful exercise of the regulatory-out provision in the MCV PPA.
Regulatory-out Provision in the MCV PPA: The cost that we incur under the MCV PPA exceeded the recovery amount allowed by the MPSC until we exercised the regulatory-out provision in the MCV PPA in September 2007. This action limited our capacity and fixed energy payments to the MCV Partnership to the amounts that we collect from our customers. Cash underrecoveries of our capacity and fixed energy payments were $39 million in 2007. However, we used savings from the RCP, after allocating a portion to customers, to offset a portion of our capacity and fixed energy underrecoveries expense.
As a result of our exercise of the regulatory-out provision, the MCV Partnership may, under certain circumstances, have the right to terminate or reduce the amount of capacity sold under the MCV PPA from 1,240 MW to 806 MW, which could affect our electric reserve margin. The MCV Partnership has until January 26, 2008 to notify us of their intention to terminate the MCV PPA at which time the MCV Partnership must specify the termination date. We have not yet received any notification of termination. However, the MCV Partnership has notified us that it disputes our right to exercise the regulatory-out provision. We believe that the provision is valid and fully effective, but cannot assure that we will prevail in the event of a proceeding on this issue.
We anticipate that the MPSC will review our exercise of the regulatory-out provision and the likely consequences of such action in 2007. It is possible that in the event that the MCV Partnership terminates performance under the MCV PPA, prior orders could limit recovery of replacement power costs to the amounts that the MPSC authorized for recovery under the MCV PPA. Depending on the cost of replacement power, this could result in our costs exceeding the recovery amount allowed by the MPSC. We cannot predict the outcome of these matters.
To comply with a prior MPSC order, we made a filing in May 2007 with the MPSC requesting a determination regarding whether it wished to reconsider the amount of the MCV PPA payments that we recover from customers. Furthermore, the MCV Partnership filed an application with the MPSC requesting the elimination of the 88.7 percent availability cap on the amount of capacity and fixed energy charges that we are allowed to recover from our customers. We cannot predict the outcome of these matters.
RCP: In January 2005, we implemented the MPSC-approved RCP with modifications. The RCP allows us to recover the same amount of capacity and fixed energy charges from customers as approved in prior MPSC orders. However, we are able to dispatch the MCV Facility based on natural gas market prices. This results in fuel cost savings for the MCV Facility, which the MCV Partnership shares with us. The RCP also requires contributions of $5 million annually to a renewable resources program. As of September 30, 2007, contributions of $13 million were made to the renewable resources program. The underlying RCP agreement between Consumers and the MCV Partnership extends through the term of the MCV PPA. However, either party may terminate that agreement under certain conditions. In January 2007, the Michigan Attorney General filed an appeal with the Michigan Supreme Court regarding the MPSC’s order approving the RCP. The Supreme Court denied the Attorney General’s request to further consider the matter.
Nuclear Matters: Big Rock Decommissioning: The MPSC and the FERC regulate the recovery of costs to decommission Big Rock. In December 2000, funding of the Big Rock trust fund stopped because the MPSC-

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authorized decommissioning surcharge collection period expired. The level of funds provided by the trust fell short of the amount needed to complete decommissioning. As a result, we provided $45 million of corporate contributions for costs associated with NRC radiological and non-NRC greenfield decommissioning work as of September 30, 2007. This amount excludes the $30 million payment to Entergy to assume ownership and responsibility for the Big Rock ISFSI and additional corporate contributions for nuclear fuel storage costs of $54 million as of September 30, 2007, due to the DOE’s failure to accept spent nuclear fuel on schedule. We plan to seek recovery from the MPSC of expenditures that we have funded and have a $129 million regulatory asset recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2007.
Actual expenditures for Big Rock decommissioning totaled $388 million as of September 30, 2007. This total excludes the additional costs for spent nuclear fuel storage due to the DOE’s failure to accept this spent nuclear fuel on schedule as well as certain increased security costs that we are recovering through the security cost provisions of Public Act 609 of 2002.
Nuclear Fuel Cost: We deferred payment for disposal of spent nuclear fuel burned before April 7, 1983. Our DOE liability is $158 million at September 30, 2007. This amount includes interest, which is payable upon the first delivery of spent nuclear fuel to the DOE. We recovered, through electric rates, the amount of this liability, excluding a portion of interest. In conjunction with the sale of Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI, we retained this obligation and provided a $155 million letter of credit to Entergy as security for this obligation.
DOE Litigation: In 1997, a U.S. Court of Appeals decision confirmed that the DOE was to begin accepting deliveries of spent nuclear fuel for disposal by January 1998. Subsequent U.S. Court of Appeals litigation, in which we and other utilities participated, has not been successful in producing more specific relief for the DOE’s failure to accept the spent nuclear fuel.
There are a number of court decisions that support the right of utilities to pursue damage claims in the United States Court of Claims against the DOE for failure to take delivery of spent nuclear fuel. If our litigation against the DOE is successful, we plan to use any recoveries as reimbursement for the incurred costs of spent nuclear fuel storage during our ownership of Palisades and Big Rock. We can make no assurance that the litigation against the DOE will be successful. The sale of Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI did not transfer the right to any recoveries from the DOE related to costs of spent nuclear fuel storage incurred during our ownership of Palisades and Big Rock.
In 2002, the site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada was designated for the development of a repository for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. We expect that the DOE, ultimately, will submit a final license application to the NRC for the repository. The application and review process is estimated to take several years.
Consumers’ Gas Utility Contingencies
Gas Environmental Matters: We expect to incur investigation and remediation costs at a number of sites under the Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, a Michigan statute that covers environmental activities including remediation. These sites include 23 former manufactured gas plant facilities. We operated the facilities on these sites for some part of their operating lives. For some of these sites, we have no current ownership or may own only a portion of the original site. In 2005, we estimated our remaining costs to be between $29 million and $71 million, based on 2005 discounted costs, using a discount rate of three percent. The discount rate represents a 10-year average of U.S. Treasury bond rates reduced for increases in the consumer price index. We expect to fund most of

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these costs through proceeds derived from a settlement with insurers and MPSC-approved rates. At September 30, 2007, we have a liability of $19 million, net of $63 million of expenditures incurred to date, and a regulatory asset of $52 million. The timing of payments related to the remediation of our manufactured gas plant sites is uncertain. Any significant change in assumptions, such as an increase in the number of sites, different remediation techniques, nature and extent of contamination, and legal and regulatory requirements, could affect our estimate of remedial action costs and the timing of our remediation payments.
Gas Title Transfer Tracking Fees and Services (TTT): On September 19, 2007, the FERC issued an order denying Consumers’ request for Summary Disposition and established hearing procedures in this proceeding. In addition to issues related to the appropriate level of the TTT fee and refunds related to TTT transactions, this order sets for hearing the issue of whether Consumers has violated annual reporting requirements of the FERC’s regulations. A prehearing conference was held on October 4, 2007. Testimony is due November 9, 2007, with hearings to begin February 5, 2008. We cannot predict the outcome of this proceeding.
Consumers’ Gas Utility Rate Matters
Gas Cost Recovery: The GCR process is designed to allow us to recover all of our purchased natural gas costs if incurred under reasonable and prudent policies and practices. The MPSC reviews these costs, policies, and practices for prudency in annual plan and reconciliation proceedings.
The following table summarizes our GCR reconciliation filings with the MPSC:
                     
Gas Cost Recovery Reconciliation
            Net Over-   GCR Cost    
GCR Year   Date Filed   Order Date   recovery   of Gas Sold   Description of Net Overrecovery
 
2005-2006
  June 2006   April 2007   $3 million   $1.8 billion   The net overrecovery includes $1 million interest income through March 2006, which resulted from a net underrecovery position during the majority of the GCR period.
 
                   
2006-2007
  June 2007   Pending   $5 million   $1.7 billion   The total overrecovery amount reflects an overrecovery of $1 million plus $4 million in accrued interest owed to customers.
 
Overrecoveries in cost of gas sold are included in Accrued rate refunds on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
GCR plan for year 2005-2006: In November 2005, the MPSC issued an order for our 2005-2006 GCR Plan year, which resulted in approval of a settlement agreement and established a fixed price cap of $10.10 per mcf for the December 2005 through March 2006 billing period. We were able to maintain our GCR billing factor below the authorized level for that period. The order was appealed to the Michigan Court of Appeals by one intervenor. We are unable to predict the outcome of this proceeding.
GCR plan for year 2006-2007: In August 2006, the MPSC issued an order for our 2006-2007 GCR Plan year, which resulted in approval of a settlement agreement that allowed a base GCR ceiling factor of $9.48 per mcf for the 12-month period of April 2006 through March 2007. We were able to maintain our GCR billing factor below the authorized level for that period.

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GCR plan for year 2007-2008: In July 2007, the MPSC issued an order for our 2007-2008 GCR plan year, which resulted in approval of a settlement agreement that allowed a base GCR ceiling factor of $8.47 per mcf for the 12-month period of April 2007 through March 2008, subject to a quarterly ceiling price adjustment mechanism.
Due to an increase in NYMEX gas prices compared to the plan, the base GCR ceiling factor increased to $8.67 per mcf pursuant to the quarterly ceiling price adjustment mechanism for the 3-month period of July 2007 through September 2007. Beginning October 2007, the base GCR ceiling factor was adjusted to $8.47 due to a decrease in NYMEX gas prices.
The GCR billing factor is adjusted monthly in order to minimize the over or underrecovery amounts in our annual GCR reconciliation. Our GCR billing factor for the month of November 2007 is $7.78 per mcf.
2007 Gas Rate Case: In February 2007, we filed an application with the MPSC seeking an 11.25 percent authorized return on equity along with an $88 million annual increase in our gas delivery and transportation rates. We proposed the use of a Revenue Decoupling and Conservation Incentive Mechanism for residential and general service rate classes, which would partially separate the collection of fixed costs from gas sales and enhance the utility’s ability to recover its fixed costs.
In August 2007, the MPSC approved a partial settlement agreement authorizing an annual rate increase of $50 million, including an authorized return on equity of 10.75 percent. The proposed Revenue Decoupling and Conservation Incentive Mechanism was not approved. On September 25, 2007, the MPSC reopened the record in the case to allow all interested parties to be heard concerning the approval of an energy efficiency program, which we included in our original filing. If approved in total, this would result in an additional rate increase of $9 million to be used to implement the energy efficiency program.
Other Contingencies
Argentina: As part of its energy privatization incentives, Argentina directed CMS Gas Transmission to calculate tariffs in U.S. dollars, then convert them to pesos at the prevailing exchange rate, and to adjust tariffs every six months to reflect changes in inflation. Starting in early 2000, Argentina suspended the inflation adjustments.
In January 2002, the Republic of Argentina enacted the Public Emergency and Foreign Exchange System Reform Act. This law repealed the fixed exchange rate of one U.S. dollar to one Argentine peso, converted all dollar-denominated utility tariffs and energy contract obligations into pesos at the same one-to-one exchange rate, and directed the Government of Argentina to renegotiate such tariffs.
CMS Gas Transmission began arbitration proceedings against the Republic of Argentina (Argentina) under the auspices of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in mid-2001, citing breaches by Argentina of the Argentine-U.S. Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). In May 2005, an ICSID tribunal concluded, among other things, that Argentina’s economic emergency did not excuse Argentina from liability for violations of the BIT. The ICSID tribunal found in favor of CMS Gas Transmission, and awarded damages of U.S. $133 million, plus interest.
The ICSID Convention provides that either party may seek annulment of the award based upon five possible grounds specified in the ICSID Convention. ICSID formally registered Argentina’s Application for Annulment in September 2005. In December 2005, certain insurance underwriters paid $75 million to CMS Gas Transmission in respect of their insurance obligations resulting from non-payment of the ICSID arbitration award. We recorded this payment as a deferred credit on our Consolidated Balance Sheets because of a contingent obligation to refund the proceeds if the arbitration decision was annulled. In September 2007, the contingent repayment obligation was eliminated by agreement. Later that month, a separate arbitration panel ruling on the annulment issue upheld the prior ICSID award. As a result, we recognized the $75 million deferred credit in Asset impairment charges, net of insurance recoveries on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

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For more details on the sale of our Argentine and Michigan assets to Lucid Energy, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges, “Asset Sales.”
Quicksilver Resources, Inc.: Quicksilver sued CMS MST for breach of contract in connection with a Contract for Sale and Purchase of natural gas, pursuant to which Quicksilver agreed to sell, and CMS MST agreed to buy, natural gas. Quicksilver believes that it is entitled to more payments for natural gas than it has received. CMS MST disagrees with Quicksilver’s analysis and believes that it has paid all amounts owed for delivery of gas pursuant to the contract. Quicksilver is seeking damages of up to approximately $126 million, plus prejudgment interest and attorney fees.
The trial commenced on March 19, 2007. The jury verdict awarded Quicksilver zero compensatory damages but $10 million in punitive damages. The jury found that CMS MST breached the contract and committed fraud but found no actual damage on account of either such claim.
On May 15, 2007, the trial court, ruling on motions to counter the entry of the judgment, vacated the jury award of punitive damages but held that the contract should be rescinded prospectively. The judicial rescission of the contract caused CMS Energy to record a charge in the second quarter of 2007 of approximately $24 million, net of tax. To preserve its appellate rights, CMS MST filed a motion to modify, correct or reform the judgment and a motion for a judgment contrary to the jury verdict with the trial court. The trial court dismissed these motions. CMS MST has filed a notice of appeal with the Texas Court of Appeals.
Star Energy : In 2000, a Michigan trial judge granted Star Energy, Inc. and White Pine Enterprises, LLC a judgment in an action filed in 1999 that claimed Terra Energy Ltd., a former CMS Oil and Gas subsidiary, violated an oil and gas lease and other arrangements by failing to drill wells it had committed to drill. A jury then awarded the plaintiffs an $8 million award. The Michigan Court of Appeals reversed the damages award and granted Terra Energy Ltd. a new trial on damages only. The trial was set for August 2007, but the parties reached a settlement before trial. As a result, CMS Energy recorded a charge in the second quarter of 2007 of approximately $3 million, net of tax.
T.E.S. Filer City Air Permit Issue : In January 2007, we received a Notice of Violation from the EPA alleging that T.E.S. Filer City, a generating facility in which we have a 50 percent partnership interest, exceeded certain air permit limits. We are in discussions with the EPA with regard to these allegations, but cannot predict the financial impact or outcome of this issue.
Equatorial Guinea Tax Claim: In 2004, CMS Energy received a request for indemnification from the purchaser of CMS Oil and Gas. The indemnification claim relates to the sale by CMS Energy of its oil, gas and methanol projects in Equatorial Guinea and the claim of the government of Equatorial Guinea that we owe it $142 million in taxes in connection with that sale. CMS Energy and its tax advisors concluded that the government’s tax claim is without merit and the purchaser of CMS Oil and Gas submitted a response to the government rejecting the claim. CMS Energy was informed recently that the Equatorial Guinea government still intends to pursue its claim. An adverse outcome of this claim could have a material adverse effect on CMS Energy’s financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. We cannot predict the ultimate cost or outcome of this matter.
Other: In addition to the matters disclosed within this Note, Consumers and certain other subsidiaries of CMS Energy are parties to certain lawsuits and administrative proceedings before various courts and governmental agencies arising from the ordinary course of business. These lawsuits and proceedings may involve personal injury, property damage, contractual matters, environmental issues, federal and state taxes, rates, licensing, and other matters.

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We have accrued estimated losses for certain contingencies discussed within this Note. Resolution of these contingencies is not expected to have a material adverse impact on our financial position, liquidity, or future results of operations.
FASB Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others: The Interpretation requires the guarantor, upon issuance of a guarantee, to recognize a liability for the fair value of the obligation it undertakes in issuing the guarantee.
The following table describes our guarantees at September 30, 2007:
                         
In Millions
                    FIN 45
    Issue   Expiration   Maximum   Carrying
Guarantee Description   Date   Date   Obligation   Amount
 
Indemnifications from asset sales and other agreements (a)
  Various   Indefinite   $ 1,327     $ 88 (b)
 
                       
Surety bonds and other indemnifications
  Various   Indefinite     24    
 
                       
Guarantees and put options (c)
  Various   Various through September 2027     99       1  
 
(a)   The majority of this amount arises from routine provisions in stock and asset sales agreements under which we indemnify the purchaser for losses resulting from claims related to tax disputes, claims related to power purchase agreements and the failure of title to the assets or stock sold by us to the purchaser.
 
(b)   In the second quarter of 2007, we recorded $87 million of liabilities related to tax and other indemnifications for completed asset sales.
 
(c)   Maximum obligation includes $85 million related to the MCV Partnership’s non-performance under a steam and electric power agreement with Dow. We sold our interests in the MCV Partnership and the FMLP. The sales agreement calls for the purchaser, an affiliate of GSO Capital Partners and Rockland Capital Energy Investments, to pay $85 million, subject to certain reimbursement rights, if Dow terminates an agreement under which the MCV Partnership provides it steam and electric power. This agreement expires in March 2016, subject to certain terms and conditions. The purchaser secured its reimbursement obligation with an irrevocable letter of credit of up to $85 million.

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The following table provides additional information regarding our guarantees:
         
 
        Events That Would Require
Guarantee Description   How Guarantee Arose   Performance
 
Indemnifications from asset sales and other agreements
  Stock and asset sales agreements   Findings of misrepresentation, breach of warranties, tax claims and other specific events or circumstances
 
Surety bonds and other indemnifications
  Normal operating activity, permits and licenses   Nonperformance
 
Guarantees and put options
  Normal operating activity   Nonperformance or non-payment by a subsidiary under a related contract
 
       
 
  Agreement to provide power and steam to Dow   MCV Partnership’s nonperformance or non-payment under a related contract
 
       
 
  Bay Harbor remediation efforts   Owners exercising put options requiring us to purchase property
 
At September 30, 2007, certain contracts contained provisions allowing us to recover, from third parties, amounts paid under the guarantees. For example, if we are required to purchase a property under a put option agreement, we may sell the property to recover the amount paid under the option.
We enter into various agreements containing tax and other indemnification provisions in connection with a variety of transactions, including the sale of our interests in the MCV Partnership and the FMLP and the sale of our interest in Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI. While we are unable to estimate the maximum potential obligation related to these indemnities, we consider the likelihood that we would be required to perform or incur significant losses related to these indemnities and the guarantees listed in the preceding tables to be remote.
4: Financings and Capitalization
Long-term debt is summarized as follows:
                 
            In Millions  
 
    September 30, 2007     December 31, 2006  
 
CMS Energy Corporation
               
Senior notes
  $ 2,002     $ 2,271  
Other long-term debt
          1  
 
           
Total — CMS Energy Corporation
    2,002       2,272  
 
           
Consumers Energy Company
               
First mortgage bonds
    3,170       3,172  
Senior notes and other
    657       652  
Securitization bonds
    318       340  
 
           
Total — Consumers Energy Company
    4,145       4,164  
 
           
Other Subsidiaries
    224       328  
 
           
 
               
Total principal amounts outstanding
    6,371       6,764  
Current amounts
    (971 )     (550 )
Net unamortized discount
    (10 )     (14 )
 
 
               
Total Long-term debt
  $ 5,390     $ 6,200  
 

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Financings: The following is a summary of significant long-term debt transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2007:
                                 
 
    Principal           Issue/Retirement    
    (in millions)   Interest Rate (%)   Date   Maturity Date
 
Debt Issuances
                               
CMS Energy
                               
Senior notes
  $ 250       6.55 %   July 2007   July 2017
Senior notes (a)
    150     Variable   July 2007   January 2013
 
Total
  $ 400                          
 
Debt Retirements:
                               
CMS Energy
                               
Senior notes
  $ 260       8.90 %   June 2007   July 2008
Senior notes
    409       7.50 %   July and August 2007   January 2009
Enterprises
                               
CMS Generation Investment Co. IV Bank Loan
    108     Variable   May 2007   December 2008
 
Total
  $ 777                          
 
(a)   The variable rate senior notes bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 95 basis points (6.31 percent at September 30, 2007).
Costs and discounts associated with CMS Energy’s senior notes issuances totaled $7 million and are being amortized over the lives of the related debt. Premiums associated with CMS Energy’s debt retirements totaled $21 million and were charged to other expense.
In October 2007, $289 million of CMS Energy’s 9.875 percent senior notes matured and were redeemed.
Revolving Credit Facilities: The following secured revolving credit facilities with banks are available at September 30, 2007:
                                     
In Millions
                        Outstanding    
Company   Expiration Date   Amount of Facility   Amount Borrowed   Letters-of-Credit   Amount Available
 
CMS Energy
  April 2, 2012   $ 300     $     $ 3     $ 297  
Consumers
  March 30, 2012     500             218       282  
 
We replaced our $300 million facility with a new $300 million credit facility in April 2007. Consumers replaced its $500 million facility with a new $500 million credit facility in March 2007. The new facilities contain less restrictive covenants, and provide for lower fees and lower interest margins than the previous credit facilities.
Dividend Restrictions: Under provisions of our senior notes indenture, at September 30, 2007, payment of common stock dividends was limited to $499 million. The dividend restrictions in our secured revolving credit facility were removed in April 2007.
Under the provisions of its articles of incorporation, at September 30, 2007, Consumers had $250 million of unrestricted retained earnings available to pay common stock dividends. The dividend restrictions in its secured revolving credit facility were removed in March 2007. Provisions of the Federal Power Act and the Natural Gas Act effectively restrict dividends to the amount of Consumers’ retained earnings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we received $176 million of common stock dividends from Consumers.

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Preferred Stock: In February 2007, our non-voting preferred subsidiary interest of $11 million was repurchased and redeemed for a cash payment of $32 million. The original $19 million addition to paid-in-capital was reversed and a $1 million redemption premium was charged to retained deficit.
Contingently Convertible Securities: In September 2007, the $11.87 per share conversion trigger price contingency was met for our $250 million 4.50 percent contingently convertible preferred stock and the $12.81 per share conversion trigger price contingency was met for our $150 million 3.375 percent contingently convertible senior notes. As a result, these securities are convertible at the option of the security holders for the three months ending December 31, 2007, with the par value or principal payable in cash. As of October 2007, none of the security holders have notified us of their intention to convert these securities.
Because the 3.375 percent senior notes are convertible on demand, they are classified as current liabilities.
Capital Lease Obligations: Our capital leases are comprised mainly of leased service vehicles, office furniture, and gas pipeline capacity. At September 30, 2007, capital lease obligations totaled $62 million. We estimate future minimum lease payments to range between $10 million and $19 million per year over the next five years.
Sale of Accounts Receivable: Under a revolving accounts receivable sales program, Consumers sells certain accounts receivable to a wholly owned, consolidated, bankruptcy remote special purpose entity. In turn, the special purpose entity may sell an undivided interest in up to $325 million of the receivables. The special purpose entity sold no receivables at September 30, 2007 and $325 million of receivables at December 31, 2006. Consumers continues to service the receivables sold to the special purpose entity. The purchaser of the receivables has no recourse against Consumers’ other assets for failure of a debtor to pay when due and no right to any receivables not sold. Consumers has neither recorded a gain or loss on the receivables sold nor retained an interest in the receivables sold.
Certain cash flows under Consumers’ accounts receivable sales program are shown in the following table:
                 
In Millions  
Nine months ended September 30   2007     2006  
 
Net cash flow as a result of accounts receivable financing
  $ (325 )   $ (9 )
Collections from customers
  $ 4,631     $ 4,402  
 

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5: Earnings Per Share
The following table presents the basic and diluted earnings per share computations based on Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations:
                 
    In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts
 
Three Months Ended September 30   2007   2006
 
 
               
Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders
               
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
  $ 84     $ (112 )
Less Preferred Dividends
    (2 )     (2 )
     
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Available to Common Stockholders — Basic and Diluted
  $ 82     $ (114 )
     
Average Common Shares Outstanding
               
Weighted Average Shares — Basic
    223.0       220.1  
Add dilutive impact of Contingently Convertible Securities
    17.0        
Add dilutive Stock Options and Warrants
    1.3        
     
Weighted Average Shares — Diluted
    241.3       220.1  
     
Income (Loss) Per Average Common Share Available to Common Stockholders
               
Basic
  $ 0.37     $ (0.52 )
Diluted
  $ 0.34     $ (0.52 )
 
                 
    In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts
 
Nine Months Ended September 30   2007   2006
 
 
               
Loss Available to Common Stockholders
               
Loss from Continuing Operations
  $ (4 )   $ (82 )
Less Preferred Dividends and Redemption Premium
    (9 )     (8 )
     
Loss from Continuing Operations Available to Common Stockholders — Basic and Diluted
  $ (13 )   $ (90 )
     
Average Common Shares Outstanding
               
Weighted Average Shares — Basic
    222.4       219.6  
Add dilutive impact of Contingently Convertible Securities
           
Add dilutive Stock Options and Warrants
           
     
Weighted Average Shares — Diluted
    222.4       219.6  
     
Loss Per Average Common Share Available to Common Stockholders
               
Basic
  $ (0.06 )   $ (0.41 )
Diluted
  $ (0.06 )   $ (0.41 )
 
Contingently Convertible Securities: Our contingently convertible securities dilute EPS to the extent that the conversion value, which is based on the average market price of our common stock, exceeds the principal or par value. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded a loss from continuing operations. Due to antidilution, there was no impact to diluted EPS from our contingently convertible securities. Had there been positive income from continuing operations, our contingently convertible securities would have contributed an additional 19.0 million shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2007.
Stock Options, Warrants and Restricted Stock: For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, due to

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antidilution, there was no impact to diluted EPS for 1.1 million shares of unvested restricted stock awards or for options and warrants to purchase 0.3 million shares of common stock. Since the exercise price was greater than the average market price of our common stock, there was no impact to diluted EPS for additional options and warrants to purchase 0.7 million shares of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007. These stock options have the potential to dilute EPS in the future.
Convertible Debentures: For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2007, due to antidilution, there was no impact to diluted EPS from our 7.75 percent convertible subordinated debentures. Using the if-converted method, the debentures would have:
    increased the numerator of diluted EPS by $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, and $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from an assumed reduction of interest expense, net of tax, and
 
    increased the denominator of diluted EPS by 4.2 million shares.
We can revoke the conversion rights if certain conditions are met.
6: F inancial and derivative instruments
Financial Instruments: The carrying amounts of cash, short-term investments, and current liabilities approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature. We estimate the fair values of long-term financial instruments based on quoted market prices or, in the absence of specific market prices, on quoted market prices of similar instruments or other valuation techniques.
The cost and fair value of our long-term debt instruments including current maturities are as follows:
                                                 
                                            In Millions
 
    September 30, 2007   December 31, 2006
 
                    Unrealized Gain                   Unrealized Gain
    Cost   Fair Value   (Loss)   Cost   Fair Value   (Loss)
 
Long-term debt
  $ 6,361     $ 6,494     $ (133 )   $ 6,750     $ 6,946     $ (196 )
Long-term debt — related parties
    178       162       16       178       155       23  
 
The summary of our available-for-sale investment securities is as follows:
                                                                 
                                                            In Millions
 
    September 30, 2007   December 31, 2006
 
    Cost   Unrealized Gains   Unrealized Losses   Fair Value   Cost   Unrealized Gains   Unrealized Losses   Fair Value
 
Nuclear decommissioning investments:
                                                               
Equity securities
  $     $     $     $     $ 140     $ 150     $ (4 )   $ 286  
Debt securities
                            307       4       (2 )     309  
SERP:
                                                               
Equity securities
    37       26       (1 )     62       36       21             57  
Debt securities
    11                   11       13                   13  
 

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Derivative Instruments: In order to limit our exposure to certain market risks, we may enter into various risk management contracts, such as swaps, options, futures, and forward contracts. These contracts, used primarily to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates, commodity prices, and currency exchange rates, are classified as either non-trading or trading. We enter into these contracts using established policies and procedures, under the direction of both:
    an executive oversight committee consisting of senior management representatives, and
 
    a risk committee consisting of business unit managers.
The contracts we use to manage market risks may qualify as derivative instruments that are subject to derivative and hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133. If a contract is a derivative and does not qualify for the normal purchases and sales exception under SFAS No. 133, it is recorded on our consolidated balance sheet at its fair value. We then adjust the resulting asset or liability each quarter to reflect any change in the market value of the contract, a practice known as marking the contract to market. From time to time, we enter into cash flow hedges. If a derivative qualifies for cash flow hedge accounting treatment, the changes in fair value (gains or losses) are reported in AOCL; otherwise, the changes are reported in earnings.
For a derivative instrument to qualify for cash flow hedge accounting:
    the relationship between the derivative instrument and the forecasted transaction being hedged must be formally documented at inception,
 
    the derivative instrument must be highly effective in offsetting the hedged transaction’s cash flows, and
 
    the forecasted transaction being hedged must be probable.
If a derivative qualifies for cash flow hedge accounting treatment and gains or losses are recorded in AOCL, those gains or losses will be reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. If a cash flow hedge is terminated early because it is determined that the forecasted transaction will not occur, any gain or loss recorded in AOCL at that date is recognized immediately in earnings. If a cash flow hedge is terminated early for other economic reasons, any gain or loss as of the termination date is deferred and then reclassified to earnings when the forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion, if any, of all hedges is recognized in earnings.
To determine the fair value of our derivatives, we use information from external sources (i.e., quoted market prices and third party valuations), if available. For certain contracts, this information is not available and we use mathematical valuation models to value our derivatives. These models require various inputs and assumptions, including commodity market prices and volatilities, as well as interest rates and contract maturity dates. The cash returns we actually realize on these contracts may vary, either positively or negatively, from the results that we estimate using these models. As part of valuing our derivatives at market, we maintain reserves, if necessary, for credit risks arising from the financial condition of our counterparties.
The majority of our commodity purchase and sale contracts are not subject to derivative accounting under SFAS No. 133 because:
    they do not have a notional amount (that is, a number of units specified in a derivative instrument, such as MWh of electricity or bcf of natural gas),
 
    they qualify for the normal purchases and sales exception, or
 
    there is not an active market for the commodity.

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Our coal purchase contracts are not derivatives because there is not an active market for the coal we purchase. If an active market for coal develops in the future, some of these contracts may qualify as derivatives and the resulting mark-to-market impact on earnings could be material.
Derivative accounting is required for certain contracts used to limit our exposure to interest rate risk, commodity price risk, and foreign exchange risk. The following table summarizes our derivative instruments:
                                                 
 
                                            In Millions
 
    September 30, 2007   December 31, 2006
 
                                            Unrealized Gain
Derivative Instruments   Cost   Fair Value   Unrealized Loss   Cost   Fair Value   (Loss)
 
CMS ERM derivative contracts:
                                               
Non-trading electric / gas contracts (a)
  $     $ (1 )   $ (1 )   $     $ 31     $ 31  
Trading electric / gas contracts (b)
    (4 )     (14 )     (10 )     (11 )     (68 )     (57 )
Derivative contracts associated with equity investments in:
                                               
Shuweihat (c)
                            (14 )     (14 )
Taweelah (c)
                      (35 )     (11 )     24  
Jorf Lasfar (c)
                            (5 )     (5 )
Other
                            1       1  
 
(a)   The fair value of CMS ERM’s non-trading electric and gas contracts has decreased significantly from December 31, 2006 due to the termination of certain gas contracts. CMS ERM had recorded derivative assets, representing cumulative unrealized mark-to-market gains, associated with these contracts.
 
(b)   The fair value of CMS ERM’s trading electric and gas contracts has increased significantly from December 31, 2006 due to the termination of certain gas contracts. CMS ERM had recorded derivative liabilities, representing cumulative unrealized mark-to-market losses, associated with these contracts.
 
(c)   We sold our equity investments in Shuweihat, Taweelah, and Jorf Lasfar in May 2007. As such, we no longer reflect our proportionate share of the fair value of the derivatives contracts held by these investments in our consolidated financial statements.
We record the fair value of the derivative contracts held by CMS ERM in either Price risk management assets or Price risk management liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2006, the fair value of derivative contracts associated with our equity investments was included in Investments — Enterprises on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
CMS ERM Contracts: CMS ERM enters into and owns energy contracts that support CMS Energy’s ongoing operations. CMS ERM holds certain contracts for the future purchase and sale of natural gas and electricity that will result in physical delivery of the commodity at contractual prices. These forward contracts are generally long-term in nature and are classified as non-trading. CMS ERM also uses various financial instruments, including swaps, options, and futures, to manage commodity price risks associated with its forward purchase and sale contracts and with generation assets owned by CMS Energy or its subsidiaries. These financial contracts are classified as trading activities.
In accordance with SFAS No. 133, non-trading and trading contracts that qualify as derivatives are recorded at fair value on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The resulting assets and liabilities are marked to market each quarter, and changes in fair value are recorded in earnings as a component of Operating Revenue. For trading contracts, these gains and losses are recorded net in accordance with

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EITF Issue No. 02-03. Contracts that do not meet the definition of a derivative are accounted for as executory contracts (that is, on an accrual basis).
Derivative Contracts Associated with Equity Investments: In May 2007, we sold our ownership interest in businesses in the Middle East, Africa, and India. Certain of these businesses held:
    interest rate contracts that hedged the risk associated with variable-rate debt, and
 
    foreign exchange contracts that hedged the foreign currency risk associated with payments to be made under operating and maintenance service agreements.
Before the sale, we recorded our proportionate share of the change in fair value of these contracts in AOCL if the contracts qualified for cash flow hedge accounting; otherwise, we recorded our share in Earnings from Equity Method Investees.
At the date of the sale, we had accumulated a net loss of $13 million, net of tax, in AOCL representing our proportionate share of mark-to-market gains and losses from cash flow hedges held by the equity method investees. After the sale, we reclassified this amount and recognized it in earnings as a reduction of the gain on the sale. For additional details on the sale of our interest in these equity method investees, see Note 2, Asset Sales, Discontinued Operations and Impairment Charges.
Credit Risk : Our swaps, options, and forward contracts contain credit risk, which is the risk that counterparties will fail to perform their contractual obligations. We reduce this risk through established credit policies. For each counterparty, we assess credit quality by using credit ratings, financial condition, and other available information. We then establish a credit limit for each counterparty based upon our evaluation of credit quality. We monitor the degree to which we are exposed to potential loss under each contract and take remedial action, if necessary.
CMS ERM enters into contracts primarily with companies in the electric and gas industry. This industry concentration may have an impact on our exposure to credit risk, either positively or negatively, based on how these counterparties are affected by similar changes in economic conditions, the weather, or other conditions. CMS ERM typically uses industry-standard agreements that allow for netting positive and negative exposures associated with the same counterparty, thereby reducing exposure. These contracts also typically provide for the parties to demand adequate assurance of future performance when there are reasonable grounds for doing so.
The following table illustrates our exposure to potential losses at September 30, 2007, if each counterparty within this industry concentration failed to perform its contractual obligations. This table includes contracts accounted for as financial instruments. It does not include trade accounts receivable, derivative contracts that qualify for the normal purchases and sales exception under SFAS No. 133, or other contracts that are not accounted for as derivatives.
                                         
                                    In Millions
 
                            Net Exposure from   Net Exposure from
    Exposure Before   Collateral           Investment Grade   Investment Grade
    Collateral (a)   Held   Net Exposure   Companies   Companies (%)
 
CMS ERM
  $ 5     $     $ 5     $ 4       80 %
 
(a)   Exposure is reflected net of payables or derivative liabilities if netting arrangements exist.

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Based on our credit policies, our current exposures, and our credit reserves, we do not expect a material adverse effect on our financial position or future earnings as a result of counterparty nonperformance.
7: Retirement Benefits
We provide retirement benefits to our employees under a number of different plans, including:
    a non-contributory, defined benefit Pension Plan,
 
    a cash balance Pension Plan for certain employees hired between July 1, 2003 and August 31, 2005,
 
    a DCCP for employees hired on or after September 1, 2005,
 
    benefits to certain management employees under SERP,
 
    a defined contribution 401(k) Savings Plan,
 
    benefits to a select group of management under the EISP, and
 
    health care and life insurance benefits under OPEB.
Pension Plan: The Pension Plan includes funds for most of our current employees, the employees of our subsidiaries, and Panhandle, a former subsidiary. The Pension Plan’s assets are not distinguishable by company.
In April 2007, we sold Palisades to Entergy. Employees transferred to Entergy as a result of the sale no longer participate in our retirement benefit plans. We recorded a net reduction of $22 million in pension SFAS No. 158 regulatory assets with a corresponding decrease of $22 million in pension liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We also recorded a net reduction of $15 million in OPEB regulatory SFAS No. 158 assets with a corresponding decrease of $15 million in OPEB liabilities. The following table shows the net adjustment:
                 
    Pension     OPEB  
 
Plan liability transferred to Entergy
  $ 44     $ 20  
Trust assets transferred to Entergy
    22       5  
 
Net adjustment
  $ 22     $ 15  
 
Beginning May 1, 2007, the CMS Energy Common Stock Fund is no longer an investment option available for new investments in the 401(k) Savings Plan and the employer’s match is no longer in CMS Energy Stock. Participants have an opportunity to reallocate investments in the CMS Energy Stock Fund to other plan investment alternatives. Beginning November 1, 2007, any remaining shares in the CMS Energy Stock Fund will be sold and the sale proceeds will be reallocated to other plan investment options. At September 30, 2007, there were 7 million shares of CMS Energy Common Stock in the CMS Energy Stock Fund.
SFAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R): In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158. Phase one of this standard required us to recognize the funded status of our defined benefit postretirement plans on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2006. Phase one was implemented in December 2006. Phase two of this standard requires that we change our plan measurement date from November 30 to December 31, effective December 31, 2008. We do not believe that implementation of phase two of this standard will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. We expect to adopt the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 in 2008.

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Costs: The following table recaps the costs, other changes in plan assets, and benefit obligations incurred in our retirement benefits plans:
                                 
In Millions  
 
    Pension
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
 
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
Service cost
  $ 12     $ 13     $ 37     $ 37  
Interest expense
    22       20       65       62  
Expected return on plan assets
    (19 )     (20 )     (59 )     (63 )
Amortization of:
                               
Net loss
    12       10       35       32  
Prior service cost
    1       1       5       5  
     
Net periodic cost
    28       24       83       73  
Regulatory adjustment
    (6 )     (3 )     (14 )     (8 )
     
Net periodic cost after regulatory adjustment
  $ 22     $ 21     $ 69     $ 65  
 
                                 
In Millions  
 
    OPEB
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
 
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
Service cost
  $ 7     $ 6     $ 19     $ 18  
Interest expense
    17       15       52       47  
Expected return on plan assets
    (16 )     (14 )     (47 )     (43 )
Amortization of:
                               
Net loss
    6       5       17       15  
Prior service credit
    (3 )     (3 )     (8 )     (8 )
     
Net periodic cost
    11       9       33       29  
Regulatory adjustment
    (2 )           (5 )     (1 )
     
Net periodic cost after regulatory adjustment
  $ 9     $ 9     $ 28     $ 28  
     
8: Income taxes
The principal components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) recognized on our Consolidated Balance Sheets both before and after the adoption of FIN 48 are as follows:
                 
In Millions  
 
    January 1, 2007     December 31, 2006  
 
Property
  $ (592 )   $ (790 )
Securitized costs
    (177 )     (177 )
Employee benefits
    38       38  
Gas inventories
    (168 )     (168 )
Tax loss and credit carryforwards
    700       867  
SFAS No. 109 regulatory liabilities, net
    189       189  
Foreign investments inflation indexing
    86       86  
Valuation allowances
    (216 )     (116 )
Other, net
    103       106  
     
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
  $ (37 )   $ 35  
     
As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we have identified additional uncertain tax benefits of $11 million as of January 1, 2007. Included in this amount is an increase in our valuation allowance of

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$100 million, decreases to tax reserves of $61 million and a decrease to deferred tax liabilities of $28 million.
CMS Energy and its subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return as well as unitary and combined income tax returns in several states. CMS Energy and its subsidiaries also file separate company income tax returns in several states. The only significant state tax paid by CMS Energy is in Michigan. However, since the Michigan Single Business Tax is not an income tax, it is not part of the FIN 48 analysis. For the U.S. federal income tax return, CMS Energy completed examinations by federal taxing authorities for its taxable years prior to 2002. The federal income tax returns for the years 2002 through 2005 are open under the statute of limitations.
We reflected a net interest liability of $3 million related to our uncertain income tax positions on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 1, 2007. We have not accrued any penalties with respect to uncertain tax benefits. We recognize accrued interest and penalties, where applicable, related to uncertain tax benefits as part of income tax expense.
As of the date of adoption of FIN 48, we had valuation allowances against certain U.S. and foreign deferred tax assets totaling $216 million and other uncertain tax positions of $31 million, resulting in total unrecognized benefits of $247 million. Of this amount, $217 million would result in a decrease in our effective tax rate, if recognized. We released $81 million of our valuation allowance in the first quarter of 2007, reducing our effective tax rate, due to the anticipated sales of our foreign investments. During the second quarter we reduced deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances attributable to sold foreign assets by $63 million each. This reduction had no income impact. As we continue to market our foreign investments, it is reasonably possible that additional valuation allowance adjustments could be made over the next 12 months.
The actual income tax benefit on continuing operations differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal tax rate of 35 percent to loss before income taxes as follows:
                 
In Millions  
 
Nine Months Ended September 30   2007     2006  
 
 
               
Loss before income taxes
  $ (62 )   $ (230 )
     
 
               
Statutory federal income tax rate
    x 35 %     x 35 %
     
Expected income tax benefit
    (22 )     (81 )
Increase (decrease) in taxes from:
               
Property differences
    10       15  
Income tax effect of foreign investments
    47       (20 )
Income tax credit amortization
    (3 )     (3 )
Medicare Part D exempt income
    (7 )     (5 )
Tax exempt income
    (1 )     (2 )
Valuation allowance
    (82 )     12  
Tax contingency reserves
          (15 )
IRS settlement/credit restoration
          (49 )
     
Recorded income benefit
  $ (58 )   $ (148 )
 
Effective tax rate
    94 %     64 %
 
U.S. income taxes were not recorded on the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that had been or were intended to be reinvested indefinitely. Upon distribution, those earnings would likely be subject to both U.S. income taxes (adjusted for foreign tax credits or deductions) and withholding taxes payable to various foreign countries. During the first quarter of 2007, we announced we had signed

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agreements or plans to sell substantially all of our foreign assets or subsidiaries. These anticipated sales resulted in the recognition in 2007 of $71 million of U.S. income tax expense associated with the change in our determination of our permanent reinvestment of these undistributed earnings, with $46 million of this amount reflected in income from continuing operations and $25 million in discontinued operations.
Michigan Business Tax Act: In July 2007, the Michigan governor signed Senate Bill 94, the Michigan Business Tax Act, which imposes a business income tax of 4.95 percent and a modified gross receipts tax of 0.8 percent. The bill provides for a number of tax credits and incentives geared toward those companies investing and employing in Michigan. The Michigan Business Tax, which is effective January 1, 2008, replaces the state’s current Single Business Tax that expires on December 31, 2007. In September 2007, the Michigan governor signed House Bill 5104, allowing additional deductions in future years against the business income portion of the tax. These future deductions are phased in over a 15-year period, beginning in 2015. As a result of the enactment of this tax, we recorded, on a consolidated basis, a net deferred tax liability of $113 million completely offset by a net deferred tax asset of $113 million.
9: Asset Retirement Obligations
SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations : This standard requires companies to record the fair value of the cost to remove assets at the end of their useful life, if there is a legal obligation to remove them. Fair value, to the extent possible, should include a market risk premium for unforeseeable circumstances. No market risk premium was included in our ARO fair value estimate since a reasonable estimate could not be made. If a five percent market risk premium were assumed, our ARO liability would increase by $5 million.
If a reasonable estimate of fair value cannot be made in the period in which the ARO is incurred, such as for assets with indeterminate lives, the liability is to be recognized when a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. Generally, electric and gas transmission and distribution assets have indeterminate lives. Retirement cash flows cannot be determined and there is a low probability of a retirement date. Therefore, no liability has been recorded for these assets or associated obligations related to potential future abandonment. Also, no liability has been recorded for assets that have insignificant cumulative disposal costs, such as substation batteries.
FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations: This Interpretation clarified the term “conditional asset retirement obligation” as used in SFAS No. 143. The term refers to a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and (or) method of settlement are conditional on a future event. We determined that abatement of asbestos included in our plant investments qualifies as a conditional ARO, as defined by FIN 47.

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The following tables describe our assets that have legal obligations to be removed at the end of their useful life:
                 
September 30, 2007               In Millions
 
    In Service       Trust
ARO Description   Date   Long-Lived Assets   Fund
 
Palisades-decommission plant site
    1972   Palisades nuclear plant   $ —
Big Rock-decommission plant site
    1962   Big Rock nuclear plant  
JHCampbell intake/discharge water line
    1980   Plant intake/discharge water line  
Closure of coal ash disposal areas
  Various   Generating plants coal ash areas  
Closure of wells at gas storage fields
  Various   Gas storage fields  
Indoor gas services equipment
relocations
  Various   Gas meters located inside structures  
Asbestos abatement
    1973   Electric and gas utility plant  
Natural gas-fired power plant
    1997   Gas fueled power plant  
Close gas treating plant and gas wells
  Various   Gas transmission and storage  
 
                                                 
In Millions  
 
    ARO                                     ARO  
    Liability                             Cash flow     Liability  
ARO Description   12/31/06     Incurred     Settled (a)     Accretion     Revisions     9/30/07  
 
Palisades — decommission
  $ 401     $     $ (410 )   $ 7     $ 2     $  
Big Rock — decommission
    2             (3 )     1              
JHCampbell intake line
                                   
Coal ash disposal areas
    57             (3 )     4             58  
Wells at gas storage fields
    1                               1  
Indoor gas services relocations
    1                               1  
Asbestos abatement
    35             (1 )     2             36  
Natural gas-fired power plant
    1             (1 )                  
Close gas treating plant and gas wells
    2             (1 )                 1  
     
Total
  $ 500 (a)   $     $ (419 )   $ 14     $ 2     $ 97  
 
(a) $2 million in ARO liabilities moved to Noncurrent liabilities held for sale on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2006. These AROs were subsequently settled as a result of the sale of our businesses in Argentina and our northern Michigan non-utility natural gas assets to Lucid Energy. Cash payments of $4 million are included in the Other current and non-current liabilities line in Net cash provided by operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In April 2007, we sold Palisades to Entergy and paid Entergy to assume ownership and responsibility for the Big Rock ISFSI. Our AROs related to Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI ended with the sale and the related ARO liabilities were removed from our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We also removed the Big Rock ARO related to the plant in the second quarter of 2007 due to the completion of decommissioning.
In October 2004, the MPSC initiated a generic proceeding to review SFAS No. 143, FERC Order No. 631, Accounting, Financial Reporting, and Rate Filing Requirements for Asset Retirement Obligations, and related accounting and ratemaking issues for MPSC-jurisdictional electric and gas utilities. In June 2007, the MPSC issued an order that requires:
    the MPSC Staff to advise the MPSC whether there are any FERC accounts, rules or procedures that should be adopted by reference or changed, and
 
    the use of a revised calculation for cost of removal estimates derived from applying SFAS No. 143, which includes the use of standard retirement units.

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We will also be required to file a new gas depreciation study by August 1, 2008, using 2007 removal costs as the basis for the calculation, and a new electric depreciation study by August 3, 2009, using 2008 removal costs as the basis for the calculation.
10: Equity Method Investments
Where ownership is more than 20 percent but less than a majority, we account for certain investments in other companies, partnerships, and joint ventures by the equity method of accounting. Earnings from equity method investments were less than $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006. Earnings from equity method investments were $36 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and $63 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The amount of consolidated retained earnings that represent undistributed earnings from these equity method investments were $21 million as of September 30, 2007. As of September 30, 2006, there were no undistributed earnings from our equity method investments. The most significant of these investments was our 50 percent interest in Jorf Lasfar, which was sold in May 2007.
Summarized Income Statement Data for Jorf Lasfar is as follows:
                                 
In Millions  
 
    Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended
 
September 30   2007 (a)     2006     2007 (a)     2006  
 
Operating revenue
  $     $ 121     $ 164     $ 355  
Operating expenses
          77       113       235  
         
Operating income
          44       51       120  
Other expense, net
          16       19       42  
         
Net income
  $     $ 28     $ 32     $ 78  
 
 
(a)   Jorf Lasfar was sold May 2, 2007. The summarized income statement data in the table is comprised of Jorf Lasfar’s financial information through April 30, 2007.

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11: Reportable Segments
Our reportable segments consist of business units organized and managed by the nature of products and services each provides. We evaluate performance based upon the net income of each segment. We operate principally in three reportable segments: electric utility, gas utility, and enterprises. “Other” includes corporate interest and other expenses and benefits.
The following tables show our financial information by reportable segment:
                                 
In Millions  
 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
 
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
Operating Revenue
                               
Electric utility
  $ 963     $ 976     $ 2,663     $ 2,496  
Gas utility
    209       201       1,811       1,576  
Enterprises
    105       108       303       323  
Other
    5       3       13       9  
 
 
                               
Total Operating Revenue
  $ 1,282     $ 1,288     $ 4,790     $ 4,404  
 
 
                               
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders
                               
Electric utility
  $ 67     $ 93     $ 158     $ 159  
Gas utility
    (8 )     (20 )     53       14  
Enterprises
    58       (133 )     (173 )     (215 )
Discontinued operations
          11       (87 )     32  
Other
    (35 )     (54 )     (51 )     (48 )
 
 
                               
Total Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders
  $ 82     $ (103 )   $ (100 )   $ (58 )
 
                 
In Millions
 
    September 30, 2007   December 31, 2006
 
Assets
               
Electric utility (a)
  $ 8,333     $ 8,516  
Gas utility (a)
    4,343       3,950  
Enterprises (b)
    925       1,947  
Other
    703       958  
 
Total Assets
  $ 14,304     $ 15,371  
 
 
(a)   Amounts include a portion of Consumers’ other common assets attributable to both the electric and gas utility businesses.
 
(b)   There were no assets classified as held for sale at September 30, 2007 and $651 million at December 31, 2006.
2006 amounts have been reclassified to reflect CMS Capital, LLC results in the Corporate Interest and Other segment.

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Consumers Energy Company
Consumers Energy Company
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
In this MD&A, Consumers Energy, which includes Consumers Energy Company and all of its subsidiaries, is at times referred to in the first person as “we,” “our” or “us.” This MD&A has been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Item 303 of Regulation S-K. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the MD&A contained in Consumers Energy’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Forward-looking statements and information
This Form 10-Q and other written and oral statements that we make contain forward-looking statements as defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Our intention with the use of words such as “may,” “could,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” and other similar words is to identify forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainty. We designed this discussion of potential risks and uncertainties to highlight important factors that may impact our business and financial outlook. We have no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements regardless of whether new information, future events, or any other factors affect the information contained in the statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to various factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated in these statements. Such factors include our inability to predict and (or) control:
    the price of CMS Energy Common Stock, capital and financial market conditions, and the effect of such market conditions on the Pension Plan, interest rates, and access to the capital markets, including availability of financing to Consumers, CMS Energy, or any of their affiliates, and the energy industry,
 
    market perception of the energy industry, Consumers, CMS Energy, or any of their affiliates,
 
    factors affecting utility and diversified energy operations, such as unusual weather conditions, catastrophic weather-related damage, unscheduled generation outages, maintenance or repairs, environmental incidents, or electric transmission or gas pipeline system constraints,
 
    the impact of possible regulations or laws regarding carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions,
 
    national, regional, and local economic, competitive, and regulatory policies, conditions and developments,
 
    adverse regulatory or legal decisions, including those related to environmental laws and regulations, and potential environmental remediation costs associated with such decisions,
 
    potentially adverse regulatory treatment and (or) regulatory delay or failure to receive timely regulatory orders concerning a number of significant questions presently or potentially before the MPSC, including:
    recovery of Clean Air Act capital and operating costs and other environmental and safety-related expenditures,
 
    recovery of power supply and natural gas supply costs,

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Consumers Energy Company
    timely recognition in rates of additional equity investments in Consumers,
 
    adequate and timely recovery of additional electric and gas rate-based investments,
 
    adequate and timely recovery of higher MISO energy and transmission costs,
 
    recovery of Stranded Costs incurred due to customers choosing alternative energy suppliers,
 
    recovery of Palisades sale-related costs,
 
    approval of Zeeland power plant purchase costs, and
 
    approval of a new clean coal plant,
    the effects on our ability to purchase capacity to serve our customers and fully recover the cost of these purchases, if the owners of the MCV Facility exercise their right to terminate the MCV PPA,
 
    our ability to utilize our regulatory out rights as it pertains to the MCV PPA,
 
    our ability to recover Big Rock decommissioning funding shortfalls and nuclear fuel storage costs due to the DOE’s failure to accept spent nuclear fuel on schedule, including the outcome of pending litigation with the DOE,
 
    federal regulation of electric sales and transmission of electricity, including periodic re-examination by federal regulators of our market-based sales authorizations in wholesale power markets without price restrictions,
 
    energy markets, including availability of capacity and the timing and extent of changes in commodity prices for oil, coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, electricity and certain related products due to lower or higher demand, shortages, transportation problems, or other developments,
 
    our ability to collect accounts receivable from our customers,
 
    earnings volatility as a result of the GAAP requirement that we utilize mark-to-market accounting on certain energy commodity contracts and interest rate swaps, which may have, in any given period, a significant positive or negative effect on earnings, which could change dramatically or be eliminated in subsequent periods,
 
    the effect on our utility and utility revenues of the direct and indirect impacts of the continued economic downturn experienced by the Michigan economy,
 
    potential disruption or interruption of facilities or operations due to accidents, war, terrorism, or changing political environment, and the ability to obtain or maintain insurance coverage for such events,
 
    technological developments in energy production, delivery, and usage,
 
    achievement of capital expenditure and operating expense goals,
 
    changes in financial or regulatory accounting principles or policies,

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Consumers Energy Company
    changes in domestic or foreign tax laws or new IRS or foreign governmental interpretations of existing or past tax laws,
 
    changes in federal or state regulations or laws that could have an impact on our business,
 
    outcome, cost, and other effects of legal or administrative proceedings, settlements, investigations or claims,
 
    disruptions in the normal commercial insurance and surety bond markets that may increase costs or reduce traditional insurance coverage, particularly terrorism and sabotage insurance and performance bonds,
 
    credit ratings of Consumers, CMS Energy, or any of their affiliates,
 
    other business or investment considerations that may be disclosed from time to time in Consumers’ or CMS Energy’s SEC filings, or in other publicly issued written documents, and
 
    other uncertainties that are difficult to predict, many of which are beyond our control.
For additional information regarding these and other uncertainties, see the “Outlook” section included in this MD&A, Note 3, Contingencies, and Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors.

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Executive Overview
Consumers, a subsidiary of CMS Energy, a holding company, is a combination electric and gas utility company serving in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. Our customer base includes a mix of residential, commercial, and diversified industrial customers.
We manage our business by the nature of services each provides and operate principally in two business segments: electric utility and gas utility. Our electric utility operations include the generation, purchase, distribution, and sale of electricity. Our gas utility operations include the purchase, transportation, storage, distribution, and sale of natural gas.
We earn our revenue and generate cash from operations by providing electric and natural gas utility services, electric power generation, gas distribution, transmission, and storage, and other energy related services. Our businesses are affected primarily by:
    weather, especially during the normal heating and cooling seasons,
 
    economic conditions,
 
    regulation and regulatory issues,
 
    energy commodity prices,
 
    interest rates, and
 
    our debt credit rating.
During the past several years, our business strategy has involved improving our consolidated balance sheet and maintaining focus on our core strength: utility operations and service.
In April 2007, we sold Palisades to Entergy for $380 million. The final purchase price, subject to various closing adjustments, resulted in us receiving $363 million as of September 30, 2007. We also paid Entergy $30 million to assume ownership and responsibility for the Big Rock ISFSI. We entered into a 15-year power purchase agreement with Entergy for 100 percent of the plant’s current electric output. The sale resulted in an immediate improvement in our cash flow, a reduction in our nuclear operating and decommissioning risk, and an improvement in our financial flexibility to support other utility investments. The MPSC order approving the transaction requires that we credit $255 million to our retail customers from June 2007 through December 2008. As of September 30, 2007, there are additional excess sales proceeds and decommissioning fund balances of $134 million above the amount in the MPSC order. The distribution of these additional amounts has not yet been addressed by the MPSC.
In September 2007, we claimed relief under the regulatory-out provision in the MCV PPA, thereby limiting our capacity and fixed energy payments to the MCV Partnership to the amounts that we collect from our customers. As a result of our exercise of the regulatory-out provision, the MCV Partnership may, under certain circumstances, have the right to terminate or reduce the amount of capacity sold under the MCV PPA, which could affect our need to build or purchase additional generating capacity. The MCV Partnership has notified us that it disputes our right to exercise the regulatory-out provision.
We introduced our Balanced Energy Initiative, a comprehensive plan to meet customer energy needs over the next 20 years, in May 2007. The plan, as filed with the MPSC, is designed to meet the growing customer demand for electricity with energy efficiency, demand management, expansion of the use of renewable energy, and development of new power plants to complement existing generating sources. In September 2007, we filed the second phase of our Balanced Energy Initiative with the MPSC, which contains our plan for construction of a new 800 MW clean coal plant at an existing site located near Bay

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City, Michigan. Our plan calls for 500 MW of the plant’s output to be used for our customers in Michigan and to commit the remaining 300 MW to others. We expect the plant to enter operation in 2015 with our share of the cost estimated at $1.3 billion excluding financing costs and $1.6 billion with financing costs.
In May 2007, we entered an agreement to buy a 946 MW natural gas-fired power plant located in Zeeland, Michigan from Broadway Gen Funding LLC, an affiliate of LS Power Group, for $517 million. We expect to close by early 2008, subject to approval from the MPSC.
In the future, we will continue to focus on:
    investing in our utility system to enable us to meet our customer commitments, comply with increasing environmental performance standards, improve system performance, and maintain adequate supply and capacity,
 
    growing earnings while controlling operating and fuel costs,
 
    managing cash flow issues, and
 
    principles of safe, efficient operations, customer value, fair and timely regulation, and consistent financial performance.
As we execute our strategy, we will need to overcome a sluggish Michigan economy that has been hampered by negative developments in Michigan’s automotive industry and limited growth in the non-automotive sectors of the state’s economy.

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Results of Operations
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDER
                         
            In Millions  
Three months ended September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
Electric
  $ 67     $ 93     $ (26 )
Gas
    (8 )     (20 )     12  
Other (Includes the MCV Partnership and FMLP interests)
    1       26       (25 )
 
 
Net income available to common stockholder
  $ 60     $ 99     $ (39 )
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2007, net income available to our common stockholder was $60 million, compared to $99 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006. The decrease primarily reflects a decrease in electric net income due to the sale of Palisades in April 2007. As a result of the sale of Palisades, electric revenue related to the recovery of Palisades and Big Rock costs has been used to offset costs incurred under our power purchase agreement with Entergy. Also contributing to the decrease was the absence, in 2007, of the recognition of a property tax refund. Partially offsetting these decreases was lower nuclear operating and maintenance costs due to the sale of Palisades.
Specific changes to net income available to our common stockholder for 2007 versus 2006 are:
             
        In Millions
 
 
  decrease in general taxes primarily due to absence, in 2007, of a property tax refund at the MCV Partnership,   $ (32 )
  decrease due to electric revenue being used to offset costs incurred under our power purchase agreement with Entergy,     (32 )
  other net decreases,     (7 )
  lower nuclear operating and maintenance costs,     21  
  increase in gas delivery revenue primarily due to the MPSC’s November 2006 and August 2007 gas rate orders, and     8  
  increase in gas delivery revenue primarily due to higher estimated system efficiency.     3  
 
Total Change
      $ (39 )
 

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            In Millions  
Nine months ended September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
 
Electric
  $ 158     $ 159     $ (1 )
Gas
    53       14       39  
Other (Includes the MCV Partnership and FMLP interests)
    5       (29 )     34  
 
 
Net income available to common stockholder
  $ 216     $ 144     $ 72  
 
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, net income available to our common stockholder was $216 million, compared to $144 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The increase primarily reflects the sale of our ownership interest in the MCV Partnership in late 2006. Accordingly, in 2007, we are no longer experiencing mark-to-market losses on certain long-term gas contracts and associated financial hedges at the MCV Partnership. The increase also reflects higher net income from our electric and gas utilities due to higher, weather-driven sales caused by favorable weather compared to 2006, and gas rate increases authorized in November 2006 and August 2007. Partially offsetting these gains was a decrease in electric net income due to the sale of Palisades in April 2007. As a result of the sale of Palisades, electric revenue related to the recovery of Palisades and Big Rock costs has been used to offset costs incurred under our power purchase agreement with Entergy.
Specific changes to net income available to our common stockholder for 2007 versus 2006 are:
             
        In Millions
 
 
  lower nuclear operating and maintenance costs,   $ 46  
  increase in gas delivery revenue primarily due to the MPSC’s November 2006 and August 2007 gas rate orders,     37  
  decrease in losses from our ownership interest in the MCV Partnership primarily due to the absence, in 2007, of mark-to-market losses on certain long-term gas contracts and financial hedges, and a property tax refund,     34  
  increase in electric revenue primarily due to favorable weather and higher surcharge revenue,     24  
  increase in gas delivery revenue primarily due to favorable weather,     14  
  decrease due to electric revenue being used to offset costs incurred under our power purchase agreement with Entergy,     (59 )
  increase in general taxes,     (13 )
  increase in income taxes, primarily due to the absence of IRS income tax benefits, and     (7 )
  other net decreases.     (4 )
 
Total Change
      $ 72  
 

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ELECTRIC UTILITY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
                         
            In Millions  
September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
 
Three months ended
  $ 67     $ 93     $ (26 )
Nine months ended
  $ 158     $ 159     $ (1 )
 
                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30, 2007     September 30, 2007  
Reasons for the change:   vs. 2006     vs. 2006  
 
 
Electric deliveries
  $ (6 )   $ 26  
Surcharge revenue
    3       11  
Palisades revenue to PSCR
    (50 )     (91 )
Power supply costs and related revenue
    (6 )     (18 )
Other operating expenses, other income, and non-commodity revenue
    33       97  
General taxes
    (7 )     (14 )
Interest charges
    (7 )     (13 )
Income taxes
    14       1  
     
 
Total change
  $ (26 )   $ (1 )
 
Electric deliveries: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, electric delivery revenues decreased $6 million versus 2006, as deliveries to end-use customers were 10.5 billion kWh, a decrease of less than 0.1 billion kWh or less than 1 percent versus 2006. The decrease in electric deliveries for the three months ended September 30, 2007 is primarily due to unfavorable weather. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, electric delivery revenues increased $26 million versus 2006, as deliveries to end-use customers were 29.5 billion kWh, an increase of 0.5 billion kWh or 2 percent versus 2006. The increase in electric deliveries for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 is primarily due to favorable weather.
Surcharge revenue : In the first quarter of 2006, we started collecting a surcharge that the MPSC authorized under Section 10d(4) of the Customer Choice Act. The surcharge factors increased in January 2007 pursuant to a MPSC order. The increase in the surcharge factors increased electric delivery revenue by $3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and $11 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 versus 2006.
Palisades revenue to PSCR: As a result of the sale of Palisades, electric revenue of $50 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and $91 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, related to Palisades rate base is now designated toward recovery of PSCR costs.
Power supply costs and related revenue: PSCR revenue decreased by $6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and $18 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 versus 2006. These decreases primarily reflect amounts excluded from recovery in the 2006 PSCR Reconciliation case. A portion of these excluded costs are instead being recovered through Electric Delivery Revenue. The decrease also reflects the absence, in 2007, of an increase in Power Supply Revenue associated with the 2005 PSCR Reconciliation case.
Other operating expenses, other income and non-commodity revenue: For the three months ended

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September 30, 2007, other operating expenses decreased $30 million, other income increased $10 million, and non-commodity revenue decreased $7 million versus 2006. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, other operating expenses decreased $79 million, other income increased $26 million, and non-commodity revenue decreased $8 million versus 2006.
The decrease in other operating expenses was primarily due to lower operating and maintenance expense, including reductions to certain workers’ compensation and injuries and damages expense. These decreases were offset partially by higher depreciation and amortization expense. Operating and maintenance expense decreased primarily due to the absence, in 2007, of costs incurred in 2006 related to a planned refueling outage at Palisades, and lower overhead line maintenance, and storm restoration costs. Also contributing to the decrease was the sale of Palisades in April 2007. Depreciation and amortization expense increased due to higher non-nuclear plant in service and greater amortization of certain regulatory assets.
For the three months ended September 30, 2007, the increase in other income was primarily due to higher interest income mainly due to the proceeds from the sale of Palisades and equity infusions from the parent. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the increase in other income was primarily due to higher interest income and higher income associated with our Section 10d(4) Regulatory Asset. The increase on our Section 10d(4) Regulatory Asset reflects the absence, in 2007, of the impact of the MPSC’s final order in this case.
General taxes: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, general tax expense increased primarily due to higher property tax and MSBT tax expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, general tax expense increased primarily due to higher property tax, sales and use tax expense, and MSBT tax expense.
Interest charges: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, interest charges increased $7 million versus 2006. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, interest charges increased $13 million versus 2006. The increase was primarily due to interest associated with amounts to be refunded to customers as a result of the sale of Palisades. The MPSC order approving the Palisades power purchase agreement with Entergy directed us to record interest on the unrefunded balance.
Income taxes: For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2007, income taxes decreased versus 2006 primarily due to lower earnings.

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GAS UTILITY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
                         
In Millions
September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
 
Three months ended
  $ (8 )   $ (20 )   $ 12  
Nine months ended
  $ 53     $ 14     $ 39  
 
                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
Reasons for the change:   2007 vs. 2006     2007 vs. 2006  
 
 
Gas deliveries
  $ 5     $ 22  
Gas rate increase
    11       56  
Gas wholesale and retail services, other gas revenues and other income
    3       13  
Operation and maintenance
    (2 )     (22 )
General taxes and depreciation
    (4 )     (10 )
Interest charges
    3       2  
Income taxes
    (4 )     (22 )
     
 
Total change
  $ 12     $ 39  
 
Gas deliveries: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, gas deliveries decreased less than 1 bcf or 1 percent versus 2006. Despite lower gas deliveries, gas delivery revenue increased by $5 million due to higher estimated system efficiency.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, gas delivery revenues increased by $22 million versus 2006 as gas deliveries, including miscellaneous transportation to end-use customers, were 207 bcf, an increase of 18 bcf or 9 percent. The increase in gas deliveries was primarily due to favorable weather.
Gas rate increases: In November 2006, the MPSC issued an order authorizing an annual rate increase of $81 million. In August 2007, the MPSC issued an order authorizing an annual rate increase of $50 million. As a result of these orders, gas revenues increased $11 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and $56 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007.
Gas wholesale and retail services, other gas revenues and other income: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, the increase was primarily due to higher pipeline capacity optimization revenue.
Operation and maintenance: For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2007, operation and maintenance expenses increased versus 2006 primarily due to higher uncollectible accounts expense and contributions, beginning in November 2006 pursuant to a November 2006 MPSC order, to a fund that provides energy assistance to low-income customers.
General taxes and depreciation: For the three months ended September 30, 2007, depreciation expense increased versus 2006 primarily due to higher plant in service. The increase in general taxes primarily reflects higher property tax expense and MSBT tax expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, depreciation expense increased versus 2006 primarily due to higher plant in service. The increase in general taxes primarily reflects higher property tax expense.
Interest charges: For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2007, interest charges reflect lower average debt levels versus 2006.

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Income taxes: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, income taxes increased versus 2006 primarily due to higher earnings by the gas utility.
OTHER RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
                         
In Millions
September 30   2007     2006     Change  
 
Three months ended
  $ 1     $ 26     $ (25 )
Nine months ended
  $ 5     $ (29 )   $ 34  
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2007, net income from other nonutility operations decreased $25 million versus 2006. In late 2006, we sold our ownership interest in the MCV Partnership. The change in earnings reflects the absence, in 2007, of the recognition of a property tax refund received in 2006.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, net income from other nonutility operations was $5 million, an increase of $34 million versus 2006. In late 2006, we sold our ownership interest in the MCV Partnership. The change in earnings reflects the absence, in 2007, of a $35 million loss related to our ownership interest in the MCV Partnership. The loss in 2006 primarily reflects mark-to-market losses on certain long-term gas contracts and associated financial hedges. Partially offsetting this increase is the absence, in 2007, of the recognition of a property tax refund and the absence, in 2007, of tax benefits associated with the resolution of an IRS income tax audit.
Critical Accounting Policies
The following accounting policies are important to an understanding of our results of operations and financial condition and should be considered an integral part of our MD&A. For additional accounting policies, see Note 1, Corporate Structure and Accounting Policies.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions
We use estimates and assumptions in preparing our consolidated financial statements that may affect reported amounts and disclosures. We use accounting estimates for asset valuations, depreciation, amortization, financial and derivative instruments, employee benefits, and contingencies. For example, we estimate the rate of return on plan assets and the cost of future health-care benefits to determine our annual pension and other postretirement benefit costs. Actual results may differ from estimated results due to factors such as changes in the regulatory environment, competition, regulatory decisions, and lawsuits.
Contingencies: We are involved in various regulatory and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We record a liability for contingencies based upon our assessment that a loss is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We use the principles in SFAS No. 5 when recording estimated liabilities for contingencies. We consider many factors in making these assessments, including the history and specifics of each matter. We discuss significant contingencies in the “Outlook” section included in this MD&A.

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Accounting for Financial and Derivative Instruments and Market Risk Information
Financial Instruments: Debt and equity securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value determined from quoted market prices. Unrealized gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value of certain available-for-sale debt and equity securities are reported, net of tax, in equity as part of AOCI. Unrealized gains or losses are excluded from earnings unless the related changes in fair value are determined to be other than temporary.
Derivative Instruments: We account for derivative instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 133. Since the year ended December 31, 2006, there have been no significant changes in the amount or types of derivatives that we hold or to how we account for derivatives. For additional details on our derivatives, see Note 5, Financial and Derivative Instruments.
To determine the fair value of our derivatives, we use information from external sources (i.e., quoted market prices and third party valuations), if available. For certain contracts, this information is not available and we use mathematical valuation models to value our derivatives. These models require various inputs and assumptions, including commodity market prices and volatilities, as well as interest rates and contract maturity dates. Changes in forward prices or volatilities could significantly change the calculated fair value of our derivative contracts. The cash returns we actually realize on these contracts may vary, either positively or negatively, from the results that we estimate using these models. As part of valuing our derivatives at market, we maintain reserves, if necessary, for credit risks arising from the financial condition of our counterparties.
Market Risk Information: The following is an update of our risk sensitivities since December 31, 2006. These sensitivities indicate the potential loss in fair value, cash flows, or future earnings from our financial instruments, including our derivative contracts, assuming a hypothetical adverse change in market rates or prices of 10 percent. Changes in excess of the amounts shown in the sensitivity analyses could occur if changes in market rates or prices exceed the 10 percent shift used for the analyses.
Interest Rate Risk Sensitivity Analysis (assuming an increase in market interest rates of 10 percent):
                 
In Millions  
    September 30, 2007     December 31, 2006  
 
Variable-rate financing — before tax annual earnings exposure
  $ 2     $ 3  
Fixed-rate financing — potential reduction in fair value (a)
    123       134  
 
 
(a)   Fair value reduction could only be realized if we repurchased all of our fixed-rate financing.
Investment Securities Price Risk Sensitivity Analysis (assuming an adverse change in market prices of 10 percent):
                 
In Millions  
    September 30, 2007     December 31, 2006  
 
Potential reduction in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities (SERP investments and investment in CMS Energy common stock)
  $ 6     $ 6  
 
For additional details on market risk and derivative activities, see Note 5, Financial and Derivative Instruments.

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Other
Other accounting policies important to an understanding of our results of operations and financial condition include:
    accounting for long-lived assets,
 
    accounting for the effects of industry regulation,
 
    accounting for pension and OPEB,
 
    accounting for asset retirement obligations,
 
    accounting for nuclear decommissioning costs, and
 
    accounting for related party transactions.
These accounting policies were disclosed in our 2006 Form 10-K and there have been no subsequent material changes.
Capital Resources and Liquidity
Factors affecting our liquidity and capital requirements are:
    results of operations,
 
    capital expenditures,
 
    energy commodity and transportation costs,
 
    contractual obligations,
 
    regulatory decisions,
 
    debt maturities,
 
    credit ratings,
 
    working capital needs, and
 
    collateral requirements.
During the summer months, we purchase natural gas and store it for resale primarily during the winter heating season. Although our prudent natural gas costs are recoverable from our customers, the amount paid for natural gas stored as inventory requires additional liquidity due to the lag in cost recovery.
Our current financial plan includes controlling operating expenses and capital expenditures and evaluating market conditions for financing opportunities, if needed.
We believe the following items will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs:
    our current level of cash and revolving credit facilities,
 
    our anticipated cash flows from operating and investing activities, and
 
    our ability to access secured and unsecured borrowing capacity in the capital markets, if necessary.
In the second quarter of 2007, Moody’s and S&P upgraded our long-term credit ratings and revised our rating outlook to stable from positive.
Cash Position, Investing, and Financing
Our operating, investing, and financing activities meet consolidated cash needs. At September 30, 2007, we had $810 million of consolidated cash, which includes $41 million of restricted cash.

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Summary of Cash Flows:
                 
In Millions  
Nine Months Ended September 30   2007     2006  
 
Net cash provided by (used in):
               
Operating activities
  $ 189     $ 89  
Investing activities
    151       (371 )
     
Net cash provided by (used in) operating and investing activities
    340       (282 )
Financing activities
    392       (6 )
     
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
  $ 732     $ ( 288 )
 
Operating Activities: For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, net cash provided by operating activities was $189 million, an increase of $100 million versus 2006. In addition to increased earnings, operating cash flow increased due to the absence, in 2007, of tax payments made to the parent related to the 2006 IRS income tax audit, and the absence of the MCV Partnership gas supplier funds on deposit. Also increasing our operating cash flow was our decrease in expenditures for gas inventory as the milder winter in 2006 allowed us to accumulate more gas in our storage facilities. These increases were reduced partially by our payment to fund our pension plan and the absence, in 2007, of the sale of accounts receivable.
Investing Activities: For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, net cash provided by investing activities was $151 million, an increase of $522 million versus 2006. This increase was due to proceeds from the sale of Palisades and proceeds from our nuclear decommissioning trust funds. This increase was partially offset by the absence, in 2007, of $128 million of restricted cash released in February 2006.
Financing Activities: For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, net cash provided by financing activities was $392 million, an increase of $398 million versus 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in cash infusions from the parent and a reduction in debt retirements. These changes were partially offset by an increase in dividends paid to the parent.
Obligations and Commitments
Revolving Credit Facility: For details on our revolving credit facility, see Note 4, Financings and Capitalization.
Dividend Restrictions: For details on dividend restrictions, see Note 4, Financings and Capitalization.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements : We enter into various arrangements in the normal course of business to facilitate commercial transactions with third parties. These arrangements include indemnifications, letters of credit and surety bonds.
We enter into agreements containing indemnifications standard in the industry and indemnifications specific to a transaction, such as the sale of a subsidiary. Indemnifications are usually agreements to reimburse other companies if those companies incur losses due to third party claims or breach of contract terms. Banks, on our behalf, issue letters of credit guaranteeing payment to a third party. Letters of credit substitute the bank’s credit for ours and reduce credit risk for the third party beneficiary. We monitor these obligations and believe it is unlikely that we would be required to perform or otherwise incur any material losses associated with these guarantees. For additional details on these arrangements, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Other Contingencies - FASB Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others.”
Sale of Accounts Receivable : Under a revolving accounts receivable sales program, we may sell up to $325 million of certain accounts receivable. The highly liquid and efficient market for securitized

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financial assets provides a lower cost source of funding compared to unsecured debt. For additional details, see Note 4, Financings and Capitalization.
Outlook
CORPORATE OUTLOOK
Our business strategy will focus on investing in our utility system to enable us to meet our customer commitments, comply with increasing environmental performance standards, and maintain adequate supply and capacity.
ELECTRIC BUSINESS OUTLOOK
Growth: In 2007, we expect electric deliveries to grow about one percent compared to 2006 levels. The outlook for 2007 assumes a small decline in industrial economic activity and normal weather conditions throughout the remainder of the year.
Over the next five years, we expect electric deliveries to grow less than 1.5 percent per year. This outlook assumes a modestly growing customer base and a stabilizing Michigan economy after 2007. This growth rate includes both full-service sales and delivery service to customers who choose to buy generation service from an alternative electric supplier, but excludes transactions with other wholesale market participants and other electric utilities. This growth rate reflects a long-range expected trend of growth. Growth from year to year may vary from this trend due to customer response to the following:
    energy conservation measures,
 
    fluctuations in weather conditions, and
 
    changes in economic conditions, including utilization and expansion or contraction of manufacturing facilities.
Electric Customer Revenue Outlook: Michigan’s economy has been hampered by automotive manufacturing facility and related supplier closures and restructurings. The Michigan economy has also had limited growth in the non-automotive sector. Although our electric utility results are not dependent upon a single customer, or even a few customers, customers in the automotive sector represented five percent of our total 2006 electric revenue. We cannot predict the impact of the Michigan economy on our electric utility customers.
Electric Reserve Margin: We have purchased capacity and energy contracts covering partially the estimated reserve margin requirements for 2008 through 2010. As of September 30, 2007, we expect total 2007 capacity costs for these primarily seasonal electric capacity and energy contracts to be $17 million.
We are currently planning for a reserve margin of approximately 11 percent for summer 2008, or supply resources equal to 111 percent of projected firm summer peak load. Of the 2008 supply resources target, we expect 85 percent to come from our electric generating plants and long-term power purchase contracts with other contractual arrangements making up the remainder of our supply resource needs for 2008. If the MPSC approves the Zeeland power plant purchase, we expect 95 percent of our 2008 supply resource target will be satisfied with our electric generating plants and long-term power purchase contracts, with other contractual arrangements making up the remainder of our supply resource needs for 2008. Our 15-year power purchase agreement with Entergy for 100 percent of the Palisades facility’s current electric output will offset the reduction in the owned capacity represented by the sale of Palisades in April 2007.

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In September 2007, we exercised the regulatory-out provision in the MCV PPA, resulting in a reduction in the amount we pay to the MCV Partnership to equal the amount we are allowed to recover in the rates charged to customers. The MCV Partnership may, under certain circumstances, have the right to terminate the MCV PPA, which could affect our reserve margin status. The MCV PPA represents 13 percent of our 2008 expected supply resources.
Electric Transmission Expenses: METC, which provides electric transmission service to us, increased substantially the transmission rates it charged us in 2006. The revenue collected by METC under those rates in 2006 was subject to refund. The parties filed a settlement agreement with the FERC, which was approved in August 2007. This settlement resulted in a refund of 2006 transmission charges of $18 million and a corresponding reduction of our power supply costs.
Electric transmission expenses are anticipated to increase in 2008 by $42 million due primarily to a 33 percent increase in rates charged to us by our major transmission provider. This increase is included in our 2008 PSCR Plan filed with the MPSC in September 2007.
In September 2007, the FERC approved a proposal from transmission owners and operators to include 100 percent of generator interconnection costs in our transmission rates. Previously, generator interconnection costs were split 50-50 between transmission owners and operators and generators. Consumers, Detroit Edison, the MPSC, and other parties filed a request for rehearing regarding the FERC’s order.
For additional details on power supply costs, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Electric Rate Matters — Power Supply Costs.”
21st Century Electric Energy Plan: In January 2007, the then chairman of the MPSC proposed three major policy initiatives to the governor of Michigan. The initiatives involve the use of more renewable energy resources by all load-serving entities such as Consumers, the creation of an energy efficiency program, and a procedure for reviewing proposals to construct new generation facilities. The January proposal indicated that Michigan needs new base-load capacity by 2015 and recommended measures to make it easier to predict customer demand and revenues. The proposed initiatives will require changes to current legislation. We will continue to participate as the MPSC, legislature, and other stakeholders address future electric resource needs.
Balanced Energy Initiative: In May 2007, we filed a “Balanced Energy Initiative” with the MPSC providing a comprehensive energy resource plan to meet our projected short-term and long-term electric power requirements. The plan is responsive to the 21st Century Electric Energy Plan and assumes that Michigan will implement a state-wide energy efficiency program and a renewable energy portfolio standard. The filing requests the MPSC to rule that the Balanced Energy Initiative represents a reasonable and prudent plan for the acquisition of necessary electric utility resources. As acknowledged in the 21st Century Electric Energy Plan, implementation of the Balanced Energy Initiative will require legislative repeal or significant reform of the Customer Choice Act. In addition, we endorse the 21st Century Electric Energy Plan recommendation to adopt a new, up-front certification policy for major power plant investments.
In September 2007, as part of our Balanced Energy Initiative, we announced plans to build an 800 MW advanced clean coal plant at our Karn/Weadock Generating complex near Bay City, Michigan. We expect to use 500 MW of the plant’s output to serve Consumers’ customers and to commit the remaining 300 MW to others. We expect the plant to enter operation in 2015 with our share of the cost estimated at $1.3 billion excluding financing costs and $1.6 billion with financing costs.

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There are several obstacles that must be cleared before construction of the proposed new clean coal plant, including:
    repeal or significant reform of the Customer Choice Act,
 
    obtaining environmental permits,
 
    successful MPSC regulatory review and approval, and
 
    obtaining property tax abatements.
In September 2007, we filed with the MPSC an updated Balanced Energy Initiative including our plan for construction of the new clean coal plant in order to start the regulatory review process for the new plant. In October 2007, we filed an application with the MDEQ for the environmental air quality permits required for the new plant. The Michigan Attorney General has filed a motion with the MPSC to dismiss the Balanced Energy Initiative case claiming that the MPSC lacks jurisdiction over the matter.
Proposed Power Plant Purchase: In May 2007, we reached an agreement with Broadway Gen Funding LLC, an affiliate of LS Power Group, to buy a 946 MW gas-fired power plant located in Zeeland, Michigan for $517 million. The power plant will help meet the growing energy needs of our customers. We expect to close on the purchase by early 2008, subject to the MPSC’s approval.
Proposed Renewable Energy Legislation: There are various bills introduced into the U.S. Congress and the Michigan legislature relating to mandatory renewable energy standards. If enacted, these bills generally would require electric utilities to acquire a certain percentage of their power from renewable sources or otherwise pay fees or purchase allowances in lieu of having the resources. We cannot predict whether any such bill will be enacted or in what form.
ELECTRIC BUSINESS UNCERTAINTIES
Several electric business trends or uncertainties may affect our financial condition and future results of operations. These trends or uncertainties have, or had, or are reasonably expected to have, a material impact on revenues or income from continuing electric operations.
Electric Environmental Estimates: Our operations are subject to various state and federal environmental laws and regulations. Costs to operate our facilities in compliance with these laws and regulations generally have been recovered in customer rates.
Clean Air Act: Compliance with the federal Clean Air Act and resulting regulations continues to be a significant focus for us. The Nitrogen Oxide State Implementation Plan requires significant reductions in nitrogen oxide emissions. To comply with the regulations, we expect to incur capital expenditures totaling $880 million. From 1998 to present, we have incurred $784 million in capital expenditures to comply with the federal Clean Air Act and resulting regulations and anticipate that the remaining $96 million of capital expenditures will be made through 2011. These expenditures include installing selective catalytic reduction control technology on four of our coal-fired electric generating units. The key assumptions in the capital expenditure estimate include:
    construction commodity prices, especially construction material and labor,
 
    project completion schedules,
 
    cost escalation factor used to estimate future years’ costs of 2.6 percent, and
 
    an AFUDC capitalization rate of 7.8 percent.
In addition to modifying coal-fired electric generating plants, our compliance plan includes the use of nitrogen oxide emission allowances until all of the control equipment is operational in 2011. The nitrogen oxide emission allowance annual expense is projected to be $2 million per year through 2011, which we expect to recover from our customers through the PSCR process. The projected annual expense

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is based on market price forecasts and forecasts of regulatory provisions, known as progressive flow control, that restrict the usage in any given year of allowances banked from previous years. The allowances and their cost are accounted for as inventory. The allowance inventory is expensed at the rolling average cost as the electric generating plants emit nitrogen oxide.
Clean Air Interstate Rule: In March 2005, the EPA adopted the Clean Air Interstate Rule that requires additional coal-fired electric generating plant emission controls for nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. We plan to meet the nitrogen oxide requirements of this rule by year-round operation of our selective catalytic reduction control technology units, installation of low nitrogen oxide burners, and purchasing emission allowances. We plan to meet the sulfur dioxide requirements of this rule using sorbent injection, installation of flue gas desulfurization scrubbers and purchasing emission allowances. Our total cost for equipment installation is expected to reach approximately $740 million by 2015. Additional purchases of sulfur dioxide emission allowances in 2012 and 2013 will be needed at an estimated cost of $10 million per year, which we expect to recover from our customers through the PSCR process.
The Clean Air Interstate Rule was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia by a number of utilities and other companies. Final briefs were submitted by September 5, 2007, with a decision expected in 2008. We cannot predict the outcome of these appeals.
Clean Air Mercury Rule: Also in March 2005, the EPA issued the Clean Air Mercury Rule, which requires initial reductions of mercury emissions from coal-fired electric generating plants by 2010 and further reductions by 2018. The Clean Air Mercury Rule was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals by a number of states and other entities. Final briefs were submitted by July 13, 2007, with a decision expected in 2008. We cannot predict the outcome of these appeals.
In April 2006, Michigan’s governor announced a plan that would result in mercury emissions reductions of 90 percent by 2015. We are working with the MDEQ on the details of this rule; however, we have developed preliminary cost estimates and a mercury emissions reduction scenario based on our best knowledge of control technology options and initially proposed requirements. We estimate costs associated with Phase I of the state’s mercury rule will be approximately $190 million by 2010 and an additional $320 million by 2015.
The following table compares the federal Clean Air Mercury Rule to the proposed state mercury rule:
         
    State and Federal   State and Federal
    Phase I   Phase II
 
Federal Clean Air
Mercury Rule
  30% reduction by 2010
with interstate
trading of allowances
  70% reduction by 2018
with interstate
trading of allowances
 
       
Proposed State
Mercury Rule
  30% reduction by 2010
without interstate
trading of allowances
  90% reduction by 2015
without interstate
trading of allowances
 
Routine Maintenance Classification: The EPA has alleged that some utilities have incorrectly classified plant modifications as “routine maintenance” rather than seeking permits from the EPA to modify the plant. We have received and responded to information requests from the EPA on this subject in 2000, 2002, and 2006. We believe that we have properly interpreted the requirements of “routine maintenance.”

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If our interpretation is found to be incorrect, we may be required to install additional pollution controls at some or all of our coal-fired electric generating plants and potentially pay fines. Additionally, the viability of certain plants remaining in operation would be re-examined. We cannot predict the financial impact or outcome of this issue.
Greenhouse Gases : Several legislative proposals have been introduced in the United States Congress that would require reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide. These laws, if enacted, could require us to replace equipment, install additional equipment for pollution controls, purchase allowances, curtail operations, or take other steps. Although associated capital or operating costs relating to greenhouse gas regulation or legislation could be material, and cost recovery cannot be assured, we expect to have an opportunity to recover these costs and capital expenditures in rates consistent with the recovery of other reasonable costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations.
On April 2, 2007, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Clean Air Act gives the EPA the authority to regulate emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from automobiles. In its decision, the court ordered the EPA to revisit its finding that it has the discretion not to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from automobiles.
To the extent that greenhouse gas emission reduction rules come into effect, the mandatory emissions reduction requirements could have far-reaching and significant implications for the energy sector. We cannot estimate the effect of federal or state greenhouse gas policy on our future consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position due to the uncertain nature of the policies at this time. However, we will continue to monitor greenhouse gas policy developments and assess and respond to their potential implications on our business operations.
Water: In March 2004, the EPA issued rules that govern electric generating plant cooling water intake systems. The rules require significant reduction in fish harmed by operating equipment. EPA compliance options in the rule were challenged in court. In January 2007, the court rejected many of the compliance options favored by industry and remanded the bulk of the rule back to the EPA for reconsideration. The court’s ruling is expected to increase significantly the cost of complying with this rule. However, the cost to comply will not be known until the EPA’s reconsideration is complete. At this time, the EPA has not established a schedule to address the court decision.
For additional details on electric environmental matters, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Electric Contingencies — Electric Environmental Matters.”
Competition and Regulatory Restructuring: The Customer Choice Act allows all of our electric customers to buy electric generation service from us or from an alternative electric supplier. At September 30, 2007, alternative electric suppliers were providing 311 MW of generation service to ROA customers. This is 4 percent of our total distribution load and represents an increase of 1 percent of ROA load compared to September 30, 2006.
In November 2004, the MPSC issued an order allowing us to recover Stranded Costs incurred from 2002 through 2003 through a surcharge applied to ROA customers. Since the MPSC order, we have experienced a downward trend in ROA customers. If this trend continues, it will extend the time it takes to recover fully our Stranded Costs. It is difficult to predict future ROA customer trends, which affect our ability to recover timely these Stranded Costs.
Electric Rate Case: In March 2007, we filed an application with the MPSC seeking an 11.25 percent authorized return on equity and an annual increase in revenues of $157 million. The increase seeks recovery of the costs associated with increased plant investment, increased equity investment, and greater operation and maintenance expenses. In May 2007, we filed supplemental testimony with the MPSC to include transaction costs from the sale of Palisades. In July 2007, we filed an amended application with the MPSC to include the proposed purchase of the Zeeland power plant, the approval of an energy efficiency program, and to make other revisions. The revised application seeks an annual increase in revenues of $282 million.
In July 2007, we also filed an amended application for rate relief that seeks the removal of costs associated with Palisades, the approval of partial and immediate rate relief for certain items, including the

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proposed purchase of the Zeeland power plant, and the approval of a plan to distribute excess proceeds from the sale of Palisades to customers. The case schedule will allow for an MPSC order on our Zeeland request and on our request for partial and immediate rate relief by the end of 2007 and a final rate order in mid-2008. We cannot predict the amount or timing of any MPSC decision on our requests.
For additional details and material changes relating to the restructuring of the electric utility industry and electric rate matters, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Electric Rate Matters.”
OTHER ELECTRIC BUSINESS UNCERTAINTIES
The MCV PPA: The MCV Partnership, which leases and operates the MCV Facility, contracted to sell electricity to Consumers for a 35-year period beginning in 1990. The cost that we incur under the MCV PPA exceeded the recovery amount allowed by the MPSC until we exercised the regulatory-out provision in the MCV PPA in September 2007. This action limited our capacity and fixed energy payments to the MCV Partnership to the amounts that we collect from our customers. We incurred $39 million in underrecoveries in 2007. The MCV Partnership has notified us that it disputes our right to exercise the regulatory-out provision. We believe that the provision is valid and fully effective, but cannot assure that we will prevail in the event of a proceeding on this issue.
As a result of our exercise of the regulatory-out provision, the MCV Partnership may, under certain circumstances, have the right to terminate or reduce the amount of capacity sold under the MCV PPA. If the MCV Partnership terminates the MCV PPA or reduces the amount of capacity sold under the MCV PPA, we would seek to replace the lost capacity to maintain an adequate electric reserve margin. This could involve entering into a new PPA and (or) entering into electric capacity contracts on the open market. We cannot predict our ability to enter into such contracts at a reasonable price. We are also unable to predict regulatory approval of the terms and conditions of such contracts, or that the MPSC would allow full recovery of our incurred costs.
To comply with a prior MPSC order, we made a filing in May 2007 with the MPSC requesting a determination regarding whether it wished to reconsider the amount of the MCV PPA payments that we recover from customers. Also, in May 2007, the MCV Partnership filed an application with the MPSC seeking approval to increase our recovery of costs incurred under the MCV PPA. We are unable to predict the outcome of these requests. For additional details on the MCV PPA, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Other Electric Contingencies — The MCV PPA.”
Sale of Nuclear Assets: In April 2007, we sold Palisades to Entergy for $380 million. The final purchase price, subject to various closing adjustments, resulted in us receiving $363 million as of September 30, 2007. We also paid Entergy $30 million to assume ownership and responsibility for the Big Rock ISFSI. Because of the sale of Palisades, we also paid the NMC, the former operator of Palisades, $7 million in exit fees and forfeited our $5 million investment in the NMC.
The MPSC order approving the Palisades transaction allowed us to recover the book value of Palisades. This results in us crediting estimated proceeds in excess of book value of $66 million to our customers from June 2007 through December 2008. After closing adjustments, which are subject to MPSC review, proceeds in excess of the book value were $77 million as of September 30, 2007. The MPSC order deferred ruling on the recovery of transaction costs, including the NMC exit fees, and the $30 million payment to Entergy related to the Big Rock ISFSI until the next general rate case.
Entergy assumed responsibility for the future decommissioning of Palisades and for storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel located at Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI sites. We transferred $252 million in trust fund assets to Entergy. We are crediting estimated excess decommissioning funds of $189 million to our retail customers from June 2007 through December 2008. Access to additional decommissioning fund balances above the estimates in the MPSC order resulted in excess decommissioning funds of $123

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million as of September 30, 2007. We have proposed a plan to credit these balances to our retail customers and this plan is under review by the MPSC in our current electric rate case filing.
As part of the transaction, Entergy will sell us 100 percent of the plant’s output up to its current annual average capacity of 798 MW under a 15-year power purchase agreement. Because of the Palisades power purchase agreement and our continuing involvement with the Palisades assets, we account for the disposal of Palisades as a financing for accounting purposes and not a sale. This resulted in the recognition of a finance obligation of $197 million.
For additional details on the sale of Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI, see Note 2, Asset Sales.
GAS BUSINESS OUTLOOK
Growth: In 2007, we project gas deliveries will decline slightly, on a weather-adjusted basis, from 2006 levels due to continuing conservation and overall economic conditions in the state of Michigan. Over the next five years, we expect gas deliveries to decline by less than one-half of one percent annually. Actual gas deliveries in future periods may be affected by:
    fluctuations in weather conditions,
 
    use by independent power producers,
 
    changes in gas commodity prices,
 
    Michigan economic conditions,
 
    the price of competing energy sources or fuels,
 
    gas consumption per customer, and
 
    improvements in gas appliance efficiency.
GAS BUSINESS UNCERTAINTIES
Several gas business trends or uncertainties may affect our future financial results and financial condition. These trends or uncertainties could have a material impact on future revenues or income from gas operations.
Gas Environmental Estimates: We expect to incur investigation and remedial action costs at a number of sites, including 23 former manufactured gas plant sites. For additional details, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Gas Contingencies — Gas Environmental Matters.”
Gas Cost Recovery: The GCR process is designed to allow us to recover all of our purchased natural gas costs if incurred under reasonable and prudent policies and practices. The MPSC reviews these costs, policies, and practices for prudency in annual plan and reconciliation proceedings. For additional details on gas cost recovery, see Note 3, Contingencies, “Gas Rate Matters — Gas Cost Recovery.”
Gas Depreciation: In June 2007, the MPSC issued its final order in the generic ARO accounting case and modified the filing requirement for our next gas depreciation case. The original filing requirement date was changed from 90 days after the issuance of this order to no later than August 1, 2008. Additionally, we have been ordered to use 2007 data and prepare a cost of removal depreciation study with five alternatives using the MPSC’s prescribed methods.
If a final order in our next gas depreciation case is not issued concurrently with a final order in a general gas rate case, the MPSC may incorporate the results of the depreciation case into general gas rates through use of a surcharge mechanism (which may be either positive or negative).

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2007 Gas Rate Case: In February 2007, we filed an application with the MPSC seeking an 11.25 percent authorized return on equity along with an $88 million annual increase in our gas delivery and transportation rates. We proposed the use of a Revenue Decoupling and Conservation Incentive Mechanism for residential and general service rate classes, which would partially separate the collection of fixed costs from gas sales and enhance the utility’s ability to recover its fixed costs .
In August 2007, the MPSC approved a partial settlement agreement authorizing an annual rate increase of $50 million, including an authorized return on equity of 10.75 percent. The proposed Revenue Decoupling and Conservation Incentive Mechanism was not approved. On September 25, 2007, the MPSC reopened the record in the case to allow all interested parties to be heard concerning the approval of an energy efficiency program, which we included in our original filing. If approved in total, this would result in an additional rate increase of $9 million to be used to implement the energy efficiency program.
OTHER OUTLOOK
Software Implementation: We are in the process of implementing new business software to replace existing business processes and information technology. The core business processes include finance, purchasing/supply chain, customer billing, human resources and payroll, and utility asset construction and maintenance work management. We intend the new business software, scheduled to be in production in the first half of 2008, to improve customer service, reduce risk, and increase flexibility.
Michigan Public Service Commission: During the third quarter of 2007, the Michigan governor appointed a new MPSC chairperson and a new MPSC Commissioner. We are unable to predict the impact of these appointments.
Litigation and Regulatory Investigation: CMS Energy is the subject of various investigations as a result of round-trip trading transactions by CMS MST, including an investigation by the DOJ. For additional details regarding this investigation and litigation, see Note 3, Contingencies.
Michigan Tax Legislation: In July 2007, the Michigan governor signed Senate Bill 94, the Michigan Business Tax Act, which imposes a business income tax of 4.95 percent and a modified gross receipts tax of 0.8 percent. The bill provides for a number of tax credits and incentives geared toward those companies investing and employing in Michigan. The Michigan Business Tax, which is effective January 1, 2008, replaces the state’s current Single Business Tax that expires on December 31, 2007. In September 2007, the Michigan governor signed House Bill 5104, allowing additional deductions in future years against the business income portion of the tax. These future deductions are phased in over a 15-year period, beginning in 2015. As a result of the enactment of this tax, we recorded, on a consolidated basis, a net deferred tax liability of $125 million completely offset by a net deferred tax asset of $125 million.
In September 2007, Michigan’s governor also signed legislation expanding the state’s sales tax to certain services. The list of covered services includes certain services that we purchase from outside vendors and potentially services that we sell. This list includes, but is not limited to, certain consulting services, landscaping (which encompasses tree trimming), janitorial services, security guards and security systems.
The Michigan Business Tax and the expanded sales tax were enacted to replace the expiring Michigan Single Business Tax. We are currently evaluating the impact of the replacement of the Michigan Single Business Tax with these new taxes. We expect Consumers to recover the taxes paid from customers, but we cannot predict the timeliness of such recovery.

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Implementation of New Accounting Standards
SFAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R): In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158. Phase one of this standard required us to recognize the funded status of our defined benefit postretirement plans on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2006. Phase one was implemented in December 2006. Phase two of this standard requires that we change our plan measurement date from November 30 to December 31, effective December 31, 2008. We do not believe that implementation of phase two of this standard will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. We expect to adopt the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 in 2008.
FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes: We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. This interpretation provides a two-step approach for the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, by a company on its income tax returns. The first step is to evaluate the tax position to determine if, based on management’s best judgment, it is greater than 50 percent likely that we will sustain the tax position. The second step is to measure the appropriate amount of the benefit to recognize. This is done by estimating the potential outcomes and recognizing the greatest amount that has a cumulative probability of at least 50 percent. FIN 48 requires interest and penalties, if applicable, to be accrued on differences between tax positions recognized in our consolidated financial statements and the amount claimed, or expected to be claimed, on the tax return.
As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we have identified additional uncertain tax benefits of $5 million as of January 1, 2007. Included in this amount is an increase in our valuation allowance of $7 million, increases to tax reserves of $55 million and a decrease to deferred tax liabilities of $57 million.
Consumers joins in the filing of a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return as well as unitary and combined income tax returns in several states. Consumers and its subsidiaries also file separate company income tax returns in several states. The only significant state tax paid by Consumers or any of its subsidiaries is in Michigan. However, since the Michigan Single Business Tax is not an income tax, it is not part of the FIN 48 analysis. The IRS has completed its audits for all the consolidated federal returns, of which Consumers is a member, for years through 2001. The federal income tax returns for the years 2002 through 2005 are open under the statute of limitations.
We have reflected a net interest liability of $1 million related to our uncertain income tax positions on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 1, 2007. We have not accrued any penalties with respect to uncertain tax benefits. We recognize accrued interest and penalties, where applicable, related to uncertain tax benefits as part of income tax expense.
As of the date of adoption of FIN 48, we had valuation allowances against certain deferred tax assets totaling $22 million and other net uncertain tax positions of $55 million, resulting in total uncertain benefits of $77 million. Of this amount, $24 million would result in a decrease in our effective tax rate, if recognized. We are not expecting any material changes to our uncertain tax positions over the next 12 months.

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New Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective
SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements: In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, effective for us January 1, 2008. The standard provides a revised definition of “fair value” and gives guidance on how to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities. Under the standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly exchange between market participants. The standard does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. However, additional disclosures will be required on the impact and reliability of fair value measurements reflected in our consolidated financial statements. The standard will also eliminate the existing prohibition of recognizing “day one” gains or losses on derivative instruments, and will generally require such gains and losses to be recognized through earnings. We are presently evaluating the impacts, if any, of implementing SFAS No. 157. We currently do not hold any derivatives that would involve day one gains or losses.
SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Including an amendment to FASB Statement No. 115: In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, effective for us January 1, 2008. This standard will give us the option to select certain financial instruments and other items, which otherwise are not required to be measured at fair value, and measure those items at fair value. If we choose to elect the fair value option for an item, we would recognize unrealized gains and losses associated with changes in the fair value of the item over time. The statement will also require disclosures for items for which the fair value option has been elected. We are presently evaluating whether we will choose to elect the fair value option for any financial instruments or other items.
EITF Issue 06-11, Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment Awards: In June 2007, the FASB ratified EITF Issue 06-11, effective for us on a prospective basis beginning January 1, 2008. EITF 06-11 requires companies to recognize the income tax benefit realized from dividends or dividend equivalents that are charged to retained earnings and paid to employees
for non-vested equity-classified employee share-based payment awards as an increase to additional paid-in capital. We do not believe that implementation of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.

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Consumers Energy Company
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)
                                 
                    In Millions  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
 
                               
Operating Revenue
  $ 1,172     $ 1,191     $ 4,474     $ 4,111  
 
                               
Earnings from Equity Method Investees
                      1  
 
                               
Operating Expenses
                               
Fuel for electric generation
    122       213       298       557  
Fuel costs mark-to-market at the MCV Partnership
          28             226  
Purchased and interchange power
    383       183       1,055       427  
Purchased power — related parties
    20       18       59       55  
Cost of gas sold
    113       125       1,309       1,164  
Other operating expenses
    201       226       619       661  
Maintenance
    41       64       143       214  
Depreciation and amortization
    117       119       390       387  
General taxes
    51       (24 )     166       97  
     
 
    1,048       952       4,039       3,788  
 
 
                               
Operating Income
    124       239       435       324  
 
                               
Other Income (Deductions)
                               
Interest and dividends
    24       18       55       44  
Regulatory return on capital expenditures
    9       8       24       18  
Other income
    5       3       21       17  
Other expense
    (1 )     (1 )     (4 )     (5 )
     
 
    37       28       96       74  
 
 
                               
Interest Charges
                               
Interest on long-term debt
    59       70       177       216  
Interest on long-term debt — related parties
                2       1  
Other interest
    10       4       25       12  
Capitalized interest
    (1 )     (2 )     (5 )     (7 )
     
 
    68       72       199       222  
 
 
                               
Income Before Income Taxes and Minority Interests (Obligations), Net
    93       195       332       176  
 
                               
Minority Interests (Obligations), Net
          40             (35 )
     
 
                               
Income Before Income Taxes
    93       155       332       211  
 
                               
Income Tax Expense
    33       56       115       66  
     
 
                               
Net Income
    60       99       217       145  
 
                               
Preferred Stock Dividends
                1       1  
     
 
                               
Net Income Available to Common Stockholder
  $ 60     $ 99     $ 216     $ 144  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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Consumers Energy Company
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
                 
            In Millions  
    Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006  
 
 
               
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
               
Net income
  $ 217     $ 145  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
               
Depreciation and amortization (includes nuclear decommissioning of $4 and $3)
    390       387  
Deferred income taxes and investment tax credit
    (6 )     (267 )
Fuel costs mark-to-market at the MCV Partnership
          226  
Minority obligations, net
          (35 )
Regulatory return on capital expenditures
    (24 )     (18 )
Gain on sale of assets
    (2 )      
Capital lease and other amortization
    32       27  
Earnings from equity method investees
          (1 )
Pension contribution
    (103 )     (13 )  
Changes in assets and liabilities:
               
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable, notes receivable and accrued revenue
    (142 )     302  
Decrease (increase) in accrued power supply and gas revenue
    52       (90 )
Increase in inventories
    (184 )     (256 )
Decrease in deferred property taxes
    111       101  
Decrease in accounts payable
    (67 )     (93 )
Decrease in accrued taxes
    (75 )     (248 )
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses
    (21 )     40  
Decrease in the MCV Partnership gas supplier funds on deposit
          (159 )
Decrease (increase) in other current and non-current assets
    59       (8 )
Increase (decrease) in other current and non-current liabilities
    (48 )     49  
     
 
               
Net cash provided by operating activities
    189       89  
 
 
               
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
               
Capital expenditures (excludes assets placed under capital lease)
    (518 )     (461 )
Cost to retire property
    (18 )     (41 )
Restricted cash and restricted short-term investments
    16       126  
Investments in nuclear decommissioning trust funds
    (1 )     (20 )
Proceeds from nuclear decommissioning trust funds
    333       20  
Proceeds from sale of assets
    337        
Maturity of the MCV Partnership restricted investment securities held-to-maturity
          119  
Purchase of the MCV Partnership restricted investment securities held-to-maturity
          (118 )
Other investing
    2       4  
     
 
               
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    151       (371 )
 
 
               
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
               
Retirement of long-term debt
    (24 )     (208 )
Payment of common stock dividends
    (176 )     (71 )
Payment of capital and finance lease obligations
    (14 )     (23 )
Stockholder’s contribution, net
    650       200  
Payment of preferred stock dividends
    (1 )     (1 )
Increase (decrease) in notes payable
    (42 )     100  
Debt issuance and financing costs
    (1 )     (3 )
     
 
               
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    392       (6 )
 
 
               
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
    732       (288 )
 
               
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period
    37       416  
     
 
               
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period
  $ 769     $ 128  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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Consumers Energy Company
Consolidated Balance Sheets
ASSETS
                 
            In Millions  
    September 30        
    2007     December 31  
    (Unaudited)     2006  
 
 
               
Plant and Property (at cost)
               
Electric
  $ 7,945     $ 8,504  
Gas
    3,327       3,273  
Other
    15       15  
     
 
    11,287       11,792  
Less accumulated depreciation, depletion, and amortization
    3,948       5,018  
     
 
    7,339       6,774  
Construction work-in-progress
    381       639  
     
 
    7,720       7,413  
 
 
               
Investments
               
Stock of affiliates
    31       36  
Other
          5  
     
 
    31       41  
 
 
               
Current Assets
               
Cash and cash equivalents at cost, which approximates market
    769       37  
Restricted cash at cost, which approximates market
    41       57  
Accounts receivable, and accrued revenue, less allowances of $15 in 2007 and $14 in 2006
    505       389  
Notes receivable
    78       46  
Accrued power supply and gas revenue
    104       156  
Accounts receivable — related parties
    7       5  
Inventories at average cost
               
Gas in underground storage
    1,301       1,129  
Materials and supplies
    77       81  
Generating plant fuel stock
    103       105  
Deferred property taxes
    103       150  
Regulatory assets — postretirement benefits
    19       19  
Prepayments and other
    29       50  
     
 
    3,136       2,224  
 
 
               
Non-current Assets
               
Regulatory assets
               
Securitized costs
    479       514  
Postretirement benefits
    1,032       1,131  
Customer Choice Act
    158       190  
Other
    508       497  
Nuclear decommissioning trust funds
          602  
Other
    91       233  
     
 
    2,268       3,167  
     
 
               
Total Assets
  $ 13,155     $ 12,845  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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STOCKHOLDER’S INVESTMENT AND LIABILITIES
                 
            In Millions  
    September 30        
    2007     December 31  
    (Unaudited)     2006  
 
 
               
Capitalization
               
Common stockholder’s equity
               
Common stock, authorized 125.0 shares; outstanding 84.1 shares for all periods
  $ 841     $ 841  
Paid-in capital
    2,482       1,832  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    14       15  
Retained earnings
    305       270  
     
 
               
 
    3,642       2,958  
 
               
Preferred stock
    44       44  
 
               
Long-term debt
    3,699       4,127  
Non-current portion of capital leases and finance lease obligations
    226       42  
     
 
    7,611       7,171  
 
 
               
Current Liabilities
               
Current portion of long-term debt, capital leases, and finance leases
    466       44  
Notes payable — related parties
          42  
Accounts payable
    358       421  
Accrued rate refunds
    29       37  
Accounts payable — related parties
    14       18  
Accrued interest
    48       62  
Accrued taxes
    198       295  
Deferred income taxes
    183       11  
Regulatory liabilities
    176        
Other
    172       184  
     
 
    1,644       1,114  
 
 
               
Non-current Liabilities
               
Deferred income taxes
    606       847  
Regulatory liabilities
               
Regulatory liabilities for cost of removal
    1,250       1,166  
Income taxes, net
    554       539  
Other regulatory liabilities
    213       249  
Postretirement benefits
    882       993  
Asset retirement obligations
    96       497  
Deferred investment tax credit
    59       62  
Other
    240       207  
     
 
    3,900       4,560  
     
 
               
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 3, 4, and 5)
               
 
               
Total Stockholder’s Investment and Liabilities
  $ 13,155     $ 12,845  
 
 
               

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Consumers Energy Company
Consolidated Statements of Common Stockholder’s Equity
(Unaudited)
                                 
                            In Millions  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
 
                               
Common Stock
                               
At beginning and end of period (a)
  $ 841     $ 841     $ 841     $ 841  
 
 
                               
Other Paid-in Capital
                               
At beginning of period
    2,482       1,832       1,832       1,632  
Stockholder’s contribution
                650       200  
     
At end of period
    2,482       1,832       2,482       1,832  
 
 
                               
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
                               
Retirement benefits liability
                               
At beginning and end of period
    (8 )     (2 )     (8 )     (2 )
     
 
                               
Investments
                               
At beginning of period
    22       16       23       18  
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments (b)
          3       (1 )     1  
     
At end of period
    22       19       22       19  
     
 
                               
Derivative instruments
                               
At beginning of period
          39             56  
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments (b)
          (13 )           (27 )
Reclassification adjustments included in net income (b)
          (1 )           (4 )
     
At end of period
          25             25  
     
 
                               
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
    14       42       14       42  
 
 
                               
Retained Earnings
                               
At beginning of period
    286       238       270       233  
Adjustment to initially apply FIN 48
                (5 )      
Net income
    60       99       217       145  
Cash dividends declared — Common Stock
    (41 )     (31 )     (176 )     (71 )
Cash dividends declared — Preferred Stock
                (1 )     (1 )
     
At end of period
    305       306       305       306  
     
 
                               
Total Common Stockholder’s Equity
  $ 3,642     $ 3,021     $ 3,642     $ 3,021  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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                            In Millions  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
 
                               
(a)   Number of shares of common stock outstanding was 84,108,789 for all periods presented.
                               
 
                               
(b)   Disclosure of Comprehensive Income:
                               
 
                               
Investments
                               
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax (tax benefit) of $-, $2, $(1), $-, respectively
  $     $ 3     $ (1 )   $ 1  
 
                               
Derivative instruments
                               
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of tax benefit of $-, $(7), $-, $(14), respectively
          (13 )           (27 )
Reclassification adjustments included in net income, net of tax benefit of $-, $(1), $-, $(2), respectively
          (1 )           (4 )
 
                               
Net income
    60       99       217       145  
 
     
 
                               
Total Comprehensive Income
  $ 60     $ 88     $ 216     $ 115  
 
     

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Consumers Energy Company
Consumers Energy Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
These interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by Consumers in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. As such, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the presentation in the current year. In management’s opinion, the unaudited information contained in this report reflects all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary to assure the fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes contained in the Consumers’ Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. Due to the seasonal nature of Consumers’ operations, the results as presented for this interim period are not necessarily indicative of results to be achieved for the fiscal year.
1: Corporate Structure and Accounting Policies
Corporate Structure: Consumers, a subsidiary of CMS Energy, a holding company, is a combination electric and gas utility company serving Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. Our customer base includes a mix of residential, commercial, and diversified industrial customers. We manage our business by the nature of services each provides and operate principally in two business segments: electric utility and gas utility.
Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include Consumers, and all other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest or are the primary beneficiary, in accordance with FIN 46(R). We use the equity method of accounting for investments in companies and partnerships that are not consolidated, where we have significant influence over operations and financial policies, but are not the primary beneficiary. We eliminate intercompany transactions and balances.
Use of Estimates: We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. We are required to make estimates using assumptions that may affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
We record estimated liabilities for contingencies in our consolidated financial statements when it is probable that a loss will be incurred in the future as a result of a current event, and when the amount can be reasonably estimated. For additional details, see Note 3, Contingencies.
Revenue Recognition Policy: We recognize revenues from deliveries of electricity and natural gas, and the storage of natural gas when services are provided. We record sales tax on a net basis and exclude it from revenues.
Accounting for Legal Fees: We expense legal fees as incurred; fees incurred but not yet billed are accrued based on estimates of work performed. This policy also applies to fees incurred on behalf of

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employees and officers related to indemnification agreements; such fees are billed directly to us.
Accounting for MISO Transactions: MISO requires that we submit hourly day-ahead and real-time bids and offers for energy at locations across the MISO region. We account for MISO transactions on a net hourly basis in each of the real-time and day-ahead markets, and net transactions across all MISO energy market nodes at which we enter into transactions. To the degree we have made net purchases in a single hour, we report the net amount in the “Purchased and interchange power” line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income. To the degree we have made net sales in a single hour, we report the net amount in the “Operating Revenue” line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income. We record expense accruals for future adjustments based on historical experience, and reconcile accruals to actual expenses when invoices are received.
Reclassifications: We have reclassified certain prior period amounts on our Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to the presentation for the current period. These reclassifications did not affect consolidated net income or cash flow for the periods presented.
Other Income and Other Expense: The following tables show the components of Other income and Other expense:
                                 
In Millions  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
Other income
                               
Electric restructuring return
  $     $ 1     $ 1     $ 3  
Return on stranded and security costs
    1       1       4       4  
Nitrogen oxide allowance sales
          1             7  
Gain on stock
                4       1  
Gain on investment
    3             7        
Gain on asset sales, net
                2        
All other
    1             3       2  
 
 
                               
Total other income
  $ 5     $ 3     $ 21     $ 17  
 
                                 
In Millions  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
Other expense
                               
Civic and political expenditures
  $ (1 )   $ (1 )   $ (2 )   $ (2 )
Donations
                      (1 )
All other
                (2 )     (2 )
 
 
                               
Total other expense
  $ (1 )   $ (1 )   $ (4 )   $ (5 )
 
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective: SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements: In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, effective for us January 1, 2008. The standard provides a revised definition of “fair value” and gives guidance on how to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities. Under the standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly exchange between market participants. The standard does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. However, additional disclosures will be

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required on the impact and reliability of fair value measurements reflected in our consolidated financial statements. The standard will also eliminate the existing prohibition of recognizing “day one” gains or losses on derivative instruments, and will generally require such gains and losses to be recognized through earnings. We are presently evaluating the impacts, if any, of implementing SFAS No. 157. We currently do not hold any derivatives that would involve day one gains or losses.
SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Including an amendment to FASB Statement No. 115: In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, effective for us January 1, 2008. This standard will give us the option to select certain financial instruments and other items, which otherwise are not required to be measured at fair value, and measure those items at fair value. If we choose to elect the fair value option for an item, we would recognize unrealized gains and losses associated with changes in the fair value of the item over time. The statement will also require disclosures for items for which the fair value option has been elected. We are presently evaluating whether we will choose to elect the fair value option for any financial instruments or other items.
EITF Issue 06-11, Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment Awards: In June 2007, the FASB ratified EITF Issue 06-11, effective for us on a prospective basis beginning January 1, 2008. EITF 06-11 requires companies to recognize the income tax benefit realized from dividends or dividend equivalents that are charged to retained earnings and paid to employees for non-vested equity-classified employee share-based payment awards as an increase to additional paid-in capital. We do not believe that implementation of this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements.
2: Asset Sales
Gross cash proceeds from the sale of assets totaled $337 million through September 30, 2007. The sale of assets resulted in a $2 million gain on our Consolidated Statements of Income.
Sale of Nuclear Assets: In April 2007, we sold Palisades to Entergy for $380 million. Due to various closing adjustments such as working capital and capital expenditure adjustments and nuclear fuel usage and inventory adjustments, we have received $363 million in proceeds as of September 30, 2007. We also paid Entergy $30 million to assume ownership and responsibility for the Big Rock ISFSI. Because of the sale of Palisades, we paid the NMC, the former operator of Palisades, $7 million in exit fees and forfeited our $5 million investment in the NMC.
Entergy assumed responsibility for the future decommissioning of Palisades and for storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel located at Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI sites. At closing, we transferred $252 million in decommissioning trust fund balances to Entergy. We are crediting excess decommissioning funds of $189 million to our retail customers from June 2007 through December 2008 and have recorded this obligation, plus interest, as a regulatory liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Modification to the terms of the transaction allowed us immediate access to additional excess decommissioning trust funds of $123 million as of September 30, 2007. We have proposed a plan to credit these excess decommissioning fund balances to our retail customers. This plan is under review by the MPSC in our current electric rate case filing. We recorded this balance, plus interest, as a regulatory liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The MPSC order approving the Palisades transaction allows us to recover the book value of Palisades, which we estimated at $314 million. As a result, we are crediting proceeds in excess of book value of

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$66 million to our retail customers from June 2007 through December 2008. After closing adjustments, which are subject to MPSC review, proceeds in excess of the book value were $77 million as of September 30, 2007. We deferred the gain as a regulatory liability. The MPSC order put off ruling on the recovery of transaction costs, including the NMC exit fees, and the $30 million payment to Entergy related to the Big Rock ISFSI until our next general rate case. We deferred these costs as a regulatory asset on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as recovery is probable.
In April 2007, the NRC issued an order approving the transfer of the Palisades operating license. Intervenors have filed petitions for reconsideration of the NRC orders approving the transfer of the Palisades and Big Rock licenses. The NRC did not alter or stay the prior order approving the license transfer. We believe that it is unlikely that the NRC will conduct further proceedings or alter its prior orders, but we cannot predict the outcome of the matter.
The following table summarizes the impacts of the Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI transaction:
   
                         
In Millions  
    MPSC Order     Estimated        
    Customer     Closing     Total  
Customer Benefits   Benefits Estimate     Adjustments     Benefits  
 
Purchase price
  $ 380     $ (7 )   $ 373  
Less: Book value of Palisades
    314       (18 )     296  
 
                 
Excess proceeds
    66       11       77  
Excess decommissioning trust funds
    189       123       312  
 
                 
Total customer benefits
  $ 255     $ 134     $ 389  
 
                 
 
 
         
    Total  
Deferred Costs   Costs  
 
NMC exit fee
  $ 7  
Forfeiture of the NMC investment
    5  
Selling expenses
    14  
 
     
Total transaction costs
    26  
Big Rock ISFSI operation and maintenance fee to Entergy
    30  
 
     
Regulatory asset, as of September 30, 2007
  $ 56  
 
     
Palisades Power Purchase Agreement: Entergy contracted to sell us 100 percent of the plant’s output up to its current annual average capacity of 798 MW under a 15-year power purchase agreement beginning in April 2007. We provided $30 million in security to Entergy for our power purchase agreement obligation in the form of a letter of credit. We estimate that capacity and energy payments under the Palisades power purchase agreement will be $180 million in 2007 and average $300 million per year thereafter.
Due to the Palisades power purchase agreement, the transaction is a sale and leaseback for accounting purposes. SFAS No. 98 specifies the accounting required for a seller’s sale and simultaneous leaseback involving real estate. We have continuing involvement with Palisades through security provided to Entergy for our power purchase agreement obligation and our DOE liability and other forms of involvement. As a result, we accounted for the Palisades plant, which is the real estate asset subject to the leaseback, as a financing for accounting purposes and not a sale. As a financing, no gain on the sale

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of Palisades was recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income. We accounted for the remaining non-real estate assets and liabilities associated with the transaction as a sale.
As a financing, the Palisades plant remains on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and we continue to depreciate it. We recorded the related proceeds as a finance obligation with payments recorded to interest expense and the finance obligation based on the amortization of the obligation over the life of the Palisades power purchase agreement. The value of the finance obligation was based on an allocation of the transaction proceeds to the fair values of the net assets sold and fair value of the Palisades plant asset under the financing. As of September 30, 2007, the financing obligation was $190 million. We estimate future payments of $13 million per year over the next five years.
3: Contingencies
SEC and DOJ Investigations: During the period of May 2000 through January 2002, CMS MST engaged in simultaneous, prearranged commodity trading transactions in which energy commodities were sold and repurchased at the same price. These so called round-trip trades had no impact on previously reported consolidated net income, earnings per share or cash flows, but had the effect of increasing operating revenues and operating expenses by equal amounts.
CMS Energy is cooperating with an investigation by the DOJ concerning round-trip trading, which the DOJ commenced in May 2002. CMS Energy is unable to predict the outcome of this matter and what effect, if any, this investigation will have on its business. In March 2004, the SEC approved a cease-and-desist order settling an administrative action against CMS Energy related to round-trip trading. The order did not assess a fine and CMS Energy neither admitted to nor denied the order’s findings. The settlement resolved the SEC investigation involving CMS Energy and CMS MST. Also in March 2004, the SEC filed an action against three former employees related to round-trip trading at CMS MST. One of the individuals has settled with the SEC. CMS Energy is currently advancing legal defense costs for the remaining two individuals in accordance with existing indemnification policies. Those two individuals filed a motion to dismiss the SEC action, which was denied.
Securities Class Action Lawsuits : Beginning in May 2002, a number of complaints were filed against CMS Energy, Consumers and certain officers and directors of CMS Energy and its affiliates in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. The cases were consolidated into a single lawsuit (the “Shareholder Action”), which generally seeks unspecified damages based on allegations that the defendants violated United States securities laws and regulations by making allegedly false and misleading statements about CMS Energy’s business and financial condition, particularly with respect to revenues and expenses recorded in connection with round-trip trading by CMS MST. In January 2005, the court granted a motion to dismiss Consumers and three of the individual defendants, but denied the motions to dismiss CMS Energy and the 13 remaining individual defendants. In March 2006, the court conditionally certified a class consisting of “all persons who purchased CMS Common Stock during the period of October 25, 2000 through and including May 17, 2002 and who were damaged thereby.” The court excluded purchasers of CMS Energy’s 8.75 percent Adjustable Convertible Trust Securities (“ACTS”) from the class and, in response, a new class action lawsuit was filed on behalf of ACTS purchasers (the “ACTS Action”) against the same defendants named in the Shareholder Action. The settlement described in the following paragraph has resolved both the Shareholder and ACTS actions.

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Consumers Energy Company
On January 3, 2007, CMS Energy and other parties entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (the “MOU”), subject to court approval, regarding settlement of the two class action lawsuits. The settlement was approved by a special committee of independent directors and by the full board of directors of CMS Energy. Both judged that it was in the best interests of shareholders to eliminate this business uncertainty. Under the terms of the MOU, the litigation was settled for a total of $200 million, including the cost of administering the settlement and any attorney fees the court awards. CMS Energy made a payment of approximately $123 million plus interest on the settlement amount on September 20, 2007. CMS Energy’s insurers paid $77 million, the balance of the settlement amount. In entering into the MOU, CMS Energy made no admission of liability under the Shareholder Action and the ACTS Action. The parties executed a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement dated May 22, 2007 (“Stipulation”) incorporating the terms of the MOU. In accordance with the Stipulation, CMS has paid approximately $1 million of the settlement amount to fund administrative expenses. On September 6, 2007, the court issued a final order approving the settlement. The remaining settlement amount was paid following the September 6, 2007 hearing.
On October 5, 2007, two former officers of Consumers filed an appeal of the order approving the settlement of the shareholder litigation. Based on the objections they filed in the District Court and comments made on the record at the fairness hearing on September 6, 2007, they are not challenging the amount of the settlement. Their principal complaint was with the exclusion of all present and former officers and their immediate families from participation in the settlement. It is not anticipated that the appeal will result in changes to any material terms of the settlement approved by the District Court.
Katz Technology Litigation: In June 2007, Ronald A. Katz Technology Licensing, L.P. (“RAKTL”), filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan against CMS Energy and Consumers alleging patent infringement. RAKTL is claiming that automated customer service, bill payment services and gas leak reporting offered to our customers and accessed through toll free numbers infringe on patents held by RAKTL. This case has been transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California where other similar cases against public utilities, banks and other entities involving these patents are pending. We obtained an opinion from patent counsel that our automated telephone systems do not infringe on RAKTL patents and that those patents may be invalid. We will defend ourselves vigorously against these claims but cannot predict their outcome.
ELECTRIC CONTINGENCIES
Electric Environmental Matters: Our operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations. Costs to operate our facilities in compliance with these laws and regulations generally have been recovered in customer rates.
Routine Maintenance Classification: The EPA has alleged that some utilities have incorrectly classified plant modifications as “routine maintenance” rather than seeking permits from the EPA to modify the plant. We have received and responded to information requests from the EPA on this subject. We believe that we have properly interpreted the requirements of “routine maintenance.” If our interpretation is found to be incorrect, we may be required to install additional pollution controls at some or all of our coal-fired electric generating plants and potentially pay fines. Additionally, the viability of certain plants remaining in operation could be called into question. We cannot predict the financial impact or outcome of this issue.
Cleanup and Solid Waste: Under the Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, we expect that we will ultimately incur investigation and remedial action costs at a number of sites. We believe that these costs will be recoverable in rates under current ratemaking policies.
We are a potentially responsible party at several contaminated sites administered under the Superfund. Superfund liability is joint and several, meaning that many other creditworthy parties with substantial assets are potentially responsible with respect to the individual sites. Based on our experience, we estimate that our share of the total liability for the known Superfund sites will be between $1 million and $10 million. At September 30, 2007, we have recorded a liability for the minimum amount of our estimated probable Superfund liability in accordance with FIN 14. The timing of payments related to

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the remediation of our Superfund sites is uncertain. Any significant change in assumptions, such as different remediation techniques, nature and extent of contamination, and legal and regulatory requirements, could affect our estimate of remedial action costs and the timing of our remediation payments.
Ludington PCB: In October 1998, during routine maintenance activities, we identified PCB as a component in certain paint, grout, and sealant materials at Ludington. We removed and replaced part of the PCB material. Since proposing a plan to deal with the remaining materials, we have had several conversations with the EPA. The EPA has proposed a rule that would authorize continued use of such material in place, subject to certain restrictions. We are not able to predict when a final rule will be issued.
Electric Utility Plant Air Permit Issues: In April 2007, we received a Notice of Violation(NOV)/Finding of Violation (FOV) from the EPA alleging that fourteen of our utility boilers exceeded visible emission limits in their associated air permits. The utility boilers are located at the D.E. Karn/J.C. Weadock Generating Complex, the J.H. Campbell Plant, the BC Cobb Electric Generating Station and the JR Whiting Plant, which are all located in Michigan. We have formally responded to the NOV/FOV denying the allegations and are awaiting the EPA’s response to our submission. We cannot predict the financial impact or outcome of this issue.
Litigation: In 2003, a group of eight PURPA qualifying facilities (the plaintiffs), which sell power to us, filed a lawsuit in Ingham County Circuit Court. The lawsuit alleged that we incorrectly calculated the energy charge payments made pursuant to power purchase agreements with qualifying facilities. The judge deferred to the primary jurisdiction of the MPSC, dismissing the circuit court case without prejudice. In February 2005, the MPSC issued an order in the 2004 PSCR plan case concluding that we have been correctly administering the energy charge calculation methodology. The plaintiffs have appealed the MPSC order to the Michigan Court of Appeals. The plaintiffs also filed suit in the United States Court for the Western District of Michigan, which the judge subsequently dismissed on the basis that the pending state court litigation would fully resolve any federal issue before the courts. The plaintiffs then appealed the dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals, which held that the district court matter should be stayed rather than dismissed, pending the outcome of the state appeal. We cannot predict the outcome of these appeals.
ELECTRIC RATE MATTERS
Electric ROA: The Customer Choice Act allows electric utilities to recover their net Stranded Costs. In November 2004, the MPSC approved recovery of Stranded Costs incurred from 2002 through 2003 plus the cost of money through the period of collection. At September 30, 2007, we had a regulatory asset for Stranded Costs of $67 million on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We collect these Stranded Costs through a surcharge on ROA customers. At September 30, 2007, alternative electric suppliers were providing 311 MW of generation service to ROA customers, which represents an increase of 1 percent of ROA load compared to September 30, 2006. Since the MPSC order, we have experienced downward trends in ROA customers. This trend has affected negatively our ability to recover these Stranded Costs in a timely manner. If this trend continues, it may require legislative or regulatory assistance to recover fully our Stranded Costs. It is difficult to predict future ROA customer trends and their effect on the timely recovery of Stranded Costs.
Power Supply Costs: To reduce the risk of high power supply costs during peak demand periods and to achieve our reserve margin target, we purchase electric capacity and energy contracts for the physical delivery of electricity primarily in the summer months and to a lesser degree in the winter months. We

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have purchased capacity and energy contracts covering partially the estimated reserve margin requirements for 2008 through 2010.
PSCR: The PSCR process allows recovery of reasonable and prudent power supply costs. The MPSC reviews these costs for reasonableness and prudency in annual plan proceedings and in plan reconciliation proceedings. The following table summarizes our PSCR reconciliation filings with the MPSC:
                     
Power Supply Cost Recovery Reconciliation
            Net Under-   PSCR Cost
of Power
  Description of Net
PSCR Year   Date Filed   Order Date   recovery   Sold   Underrecovery
 
2005 Reconciliation
  March 2006   July 2007   $36 million   $1.081 billion   MPSC approved the recovery of our $36 million underrecovery, including the cost of money, related to our commercial and industrial customers.
2006 Reconciliation
  March 2007   Pending   $105 million   $1.490 billion   Underrecovery relates to our increased METC costs and coal supply costs, increased bundled sales, and other cost increases beyond those included in the 2006 PSCR plan filings.
 
2007 PSCR Plan: In September 2006, we filed our 2007 PSCR plan with the MPSC. The plan sought authorization to incorporate our 2005 and 2006 PSCR underrecoveries into our 2007 PSCR monthly factor. In December 2006, the MPSC issued a temporary order allowing us to implement our 2007 PSCR monthly factor on January 1, 2007, as filed. The order also allowed us to continue to roll in prior year underrecoveries and overrecoveries in future PSCR plans. In September 2007, the ALJ recommended in his Proposal for Decision that we reduce our 2006 underrecovery rolled into 2007 by $62 million to reflect the refund of 100 percent of the proceeds from the sale of sulfur dioxide allowances. Our PSCR plan proposed to refund 50 percent of the proceeds to customers. In accordance with FERC regulations, we reserved this amount, excluding interest, as a regulatory liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets until a final order is received from the MPSC.
Underrecoveries in power supply costs are included in Accrued power supply and gas revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We expect to recover fully all of our PSCR costs. When we are unable to collect these costs as they are incurred, there is a negative impact on our cash flows from electric utility operations. We cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings.
2008 PSCR Plan : In September 2007, we submitted our 2008 PSCR plan filing to the MPSC. Included in our request is proposed recovery of estimated 2007 PSCR underrecoveries of $84 million. We expect to self-implement the proposed 2008 PSCR charge in January 2008, absent action by the MPSC by the end of 2007. We cannot predict the outcome of this proceeding.
Electric Rate Case: In March 2007, we filed an application with the MPSC seeking an 11.25 percent authorized return on equity and an annual increase in revenues of $157 million. In May 2007, we filed

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supplemental testimony with the MPSC to include transaction costs from the sale of Palisades. In July 2007, we filed an amended application with the MPSC to include the proposed purchase of the Zeeland power plant, the approval of an energy efficiency program, and to make other revisions.
In July 2007, we also filed an amended application for rate relief, which seeks the following:
    approval to remove the costs associated with Palisades,
 
    recovery of the proposed purchase of the Zeeland power plant,
 
    partial and immediate rate relief associated with 2007 capital investments, a $400 million equity infusion into Consumers, and general inflation on operation and maintenance expenses to 2007 levels, and
 
    approval of a plan for the distribution of additional excess proceeds from the sale of Palisades to customers, effectively offsetting the partial and immediate relief for up to nine months.
The following table summarizes the components of the final and interim requested increase in revenue:
                 
In Millions  
    Zeeland        
    and Partial        
    and        
Components of the increase in revenue   Immediate     Final  
 
Increase in base rates (a)
  $ 77     $ 146  
Removal of Palisades from base rates
    (169 )     (169 )
Elimination of Palisades base rate recovery credit from the PSCR (b)
    167       167  
Surcharge for return on nuclear investments (c)
          13  
 
           
Total requested increase in revenues at March 2007 filing
    75       157  
Palisades transaction costs
          28  
Zeeland power plant non-fuel revenue requirements
    84       92  
Energy Efficiency Program surcharge
          5  
Palisades excess proceeds
    (127 )      
 
           
Total requested increase in revenues
  $ 32     $ 282  
 
(a)   The increase in base rates relates to Clean Air Act-related and other utility expenditures, changes in the capital structure, and increased distribution system operation and maintenance costs including employee pension and health care costs.
 
(b)   Palisades power purchase agreement costs in the PSCR are presently offset through a base rate recovery credit. The Palisades base rate recovery credit will be discontinued once Palisades’ costs are removed from base rates.
 
(c)   The nuclear surcharge is a proposal to earn a return on funds spent on Big Rock spent nuclear fuel storage, decommissioning, and site restoration expenditures until pending DOE litigation and future MPSC proceedings regarding this issue are concluded.
When we are unable to include increased costs and investments in rates in a timely manner, there is a negative impact on our cash flows from electric utility operations. We cannot predict the amount or timing of any MPSC decision on the requests.

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OTHER ELECTRIC CONTINGENCIES
The MCV PPA: The MCV Partnership, which leases and operates the MCV Facility, contracted to sell 1,240 MW of electricity to Consumers under a 35-year power purchase agreement beginning in 1990. We estimate that capacity and energy payments under the MCV PPA, excluding RCP savings, will range from $650 million to $750 million per year, which assumes successful exercise of the regulatory-out provision in the MCV PPA.
Regulatory-out Provision in the MCV PPA: The cost that we incur under the MCV PPA exceeded the recovery amount allowed by the MPSC until we exercised the regulatory-out provision in the MCV PPA in September 2007. This action limited our capacity and fixed energy payments to the MCV Partnership to the amounts that we collect from our customers. Cash underrecoveries of our capacity and fixed energy payments were $39 million in 2007. However, we used savings from the RCP, after allocating a portion to customers, to offset a portion of our capacity and fixed energy underrecoveries expense.
As a result of our exercise of the regulatory-out provision, the MCV Partnership may, under certain circumstances, have the right to terminate or reduce the amount of capacity sold under the MCV PPA from 1,240 MW to 806 MW, which could affect our electric reserve margin. The MCV Partnership has until January 26, 2008 to notify us of their intention to terminate the MCV PPA at which time the MCV Partnership must specify the termination date. We have not yet received any notification of termination. However, the MCV Partnership has notified us that it disputes our right to exercise the regulatory-out provision. We believe that the provision is valid and fully effective, but cannot assure that we will prevail in the event of a proceeding on this issue.
We anticipate that the MPSC will review our exercise of the regulatory-out provision and the likely consequences of such action in 2007. It is possible that in the event that the MCV Partnership terminates performance under the MCV PPA, prior orders could limit recovery of replacement power costs to the amounts that the MPSC authorized for recovery under the MCV PPA. Depending on the cost of replacement power, this could result in our costs exceeding the recovery amount allowed by the MPSC. We cannot predict the outcome of these matters.
To comply with a prior MPSC order, we made a filing in May 2007 with the MPSC requesting a determination regarding whether it wished to reconsider the amount of the MCV PPA payments that we recover from customers. Furthermore, the MCV Partnership filed an application with the MPSC requesting the elimination of the 88.7 percent availability cap on the amount of capacity and fixed energy charges that we are allowed to recover from our customers. We cannot predict the outcome of these matters.
RCP: In January 2005, we implemented the MPSC-approved RCP with modifications. The RCP allows us to recover the same amount of capacity and fixed energy charges from customers as approved in prior MPSC orders. However, we are able to dispatch the MCV Facility based on natural gas market prices. This results in fuel cost savings for the MCV Facility, which the MCV Partnership shares with us. The RCP also requires contributions of $5 million annually to a renewable resources program. As of September 30, 2007, contributions of $13 million were made to the renewable resources program. The underlying RCP agreement between Consumers and the MCV Partnership extends through the term of the MCV PPA. However, either party may terminate that agreement under certain conditions. In

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January 2007, the Michigan Attorney General filed an appeal with the Michigan Supreme Court regarding the MPSC’s order approving the RCP. The Supreme Court denied the Attorney General’s request to further consider the matter.
Nuclear Matters: Big Rock Decommissioning: The MPSC and the FERC regulate the recovery of costs to decommission Big Rock. In December 2000, funding of the Big Rock trust fund stopped because the MPSC-authorized decommissioning surcharge collection period expired. The level of funds provided by the trust fell short of the amount needed to complete decommissioning. As a result, we provided $45 million of corporate contributions for costs associated with NRC radiological and non-NRC greenfield decommissioning work as of September 30, 2007. This amount excludes the $30 million payment to Entergy to assume ownership and responsibility for the Big Rock ISFSI and additional corporate contributions for nuclear fuel storage costs of $54 million as of September 30, 2007, due to the DOE’s failure to accept spent nuclear fuel on schedule. We plan to seek recovery from the MPSC of expenditures that we have funded and have a $129 million regulatory asset recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2007.
Actual expenditures for Big Rock decommissioning totaled $388 million as of September 30, 2007. This total excludes the additional costs for spent nuclear fuel storage due to the DOE’s failure to accept this spent nuclear fuel on schedule as well as certain increased security costs that we are recovering through the security cost provisions of Public Act 609 of 2002.
Nuclear Fuel Cost: We deferred payment for disposal of spent nuclear fuel burned before April 7, 1983. Our DOE liability is $158 million at September 30, 2007. This amount includes interest, which is payable upon the first delivery of spent nuclear fuel to the DOE. We recovered, through electric rates, the amount of this liability, excluding a portion of interest. In conjunction with the sale of Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI, we retained this obligation and provided a $155 million letter of credit to Entergy as security for this obligation.
DOE Litigation: In 1997, a U.S. Court of Appeals decision confirmed that the DOE was to begin accepting deliveries of spent nuclear fuel for disposal by January 1998. Subsequent U.S. Court of Appeals litigation, in which we and other utilities participated, has not been successful in producing more specific relief for the DOE’s failure to accept the spent nuclear fuel.
There are a number of court decisions that support the right of utilities to pursue damage claims in the United States Court of Claims against the DOE for failure to take delivery of spent nuclear fuel. If our litigation against the DOE is successful, we plan to use any recoveries as reimbursement for the incurred costs of spent nuclear fuel storage during our ownership of Palisades and Big Rock. We can make no assurance that the litigation against the DOE will be successful. The sale of Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI did not transfer the right to any recoveries from the DOE related to costs of spent nuclear fuel storage incurred during our ownership of Palisades and Big Rock.
In 2002, the site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada was designated for the development of a repository for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. We expect that the DOE, ultimately, will submit a final license application to the NRC for the repository. The application and review process is estimated to take several years.

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GAS CONTINGENCIES
Gas Environmental Matters: We expect to incur investigation and remediation costs at a number of sites under the Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, a Michigan statute that covers environmental activities including remediation. These sites include 23 former manufactured gas plant facilities. We operated the facilities on these sites for some part of their operating lives. For some of these sites, we have no current ownership or may own only a portion of the original site. In 2005, we estimated our remaining costs to be between $29 million and $71 million, based on 2005 discounted costs, using a discount rate of three percent. The discount rate represents a 10-year average of U.S. Treasury bond rates reduced for increases in the consumer price index. We expect to fund most of these costs through proceeds derived from a settlement with insurers and MPSC-approved rates. At September 30, 2007, we have a liability of $19 million, net of $63 million of expenditures incurred to date, and a regulatory asset of $52 million. The timing of payments related to the remediation of our manufactured gas plant sites is uncertain. Any significant change in assumptions, such as an increase in the number of sites, different remediation techniques, nature and extent of contamination, and legal and regulatory requirements, could affect our estimate of remedial action costs and the timing of our remediation payments.
Gas Title Transfer Tracking Fees and Services (TTT): On September 19, 2007, the FERC issued an order denying Consumers’ request for Summary Disposition and established hearing procedures in this proceeding. In addition to issues related to the appropriate level of the TTT fee and refunds related to TTT transactions, this order sets for hearing the issue of whether Consumers has violated annual reporting requirements of the FERC’s regulations. A prehearing conference was held on October 4, 2007. Testimony is due November 9, 2007, with hearings to begin February 5, 2008. We cannot predict the outcome of this proceeding.
GAS RATE MATTERS
Gas Cost Recovery: The GCR process is designed to allow us to recover all of our purchased natural gas costs if incurred under reasonable and prudent policies and practices. The MPSC reviews these costs, policies, and practices for prudency in annual plan and reconciliation proceedings.
The following table summarizes our GCR reconciliation filings with the MPSC:
                     
Gas Cost Recovery Reconciliation
            Net Over-   GCR Cost    
GCR Year   Date Filed   Order Date   recovery   of Gas Sold   Description of Net Overrecovery
 
2005-2006
  June 2006   April 2007   $3 million   $1.8 billion   The net overrecovery includes $1 million interest income through March 2006, which resulted from a net underrecovery position during the majority of the GCR period.
 
                   
2006-2007
  June 2007   Pending   $5 million   $1.7 billion   The total overrecovery amount reflects an overrecovery of $1 million plus $4 million in accrued interest owed to customers.
 
Overrecoveries in cost of gas sold are included in Accrued rate refunds on our Consolidated Balance

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Sheets.
GCR plan for year 2005-2006: In November 2005, the MPSC issued an order for our 2005-2006 GCR Plan year, which resulted in approval of a settlement agreement and established a fixed price cap of $10.10 per mcf for the December 2005 through March 2006 billing period. We were able to maintain our GCR billing factor below the authorized level for that period. The order was appealed to the Michigan Court of Appeals by one intervenor. We are unable to predict the outcome of this proceeding.
GCR plan for year 2006-2007: In August 2006, the MPSC issued an order for our 2006-2007 GCR Plan year, which resulted in approval of a settlement agreement that allowed a base GCR ceiling factor of $9.48 per mcf for the 12-month period of April 2006 through March 2007. We were able to maintain our GCR billing factor below the authorized level for that period.
GCR plan for year 2007-2008: In July 2007, the MPSC issued an order for our 2007-2008 GCR plan year, which resulted in approval of a settlement agreement that allowed a base GCR ceiling factor of $8.47 per mcf for the 12-month period of April 2007 through March 2008, subject to a quarterly ceiling price adjustment mechanism.
Due to an increase in NYMEX gas prices compared to the plan, the base GCR ceiling factor increased to $8.67 per mcf pursuant to the quarterly ceiling price adjustment mechanism for the 3-month period of July 2007 through September 2007. Beginning October 2007, the base GCR ceiling factor was adjusted to $8.47 due to a decrease in NYMEX gas prices.
The GCR billing factor is adjusted monthly in order to minimize the over or underrecovery amounts in our annual GCR reconciliation. Our GCR billing factor for the month of November 2007 is $7.78 per mcf.
2007 Gas Rate Case: In February 2007, we filed an application with the MPSC seeking an 11.25 percent authorized return on equity along with an $88 million annual increase in our gas delivery and transportation rates. We proposed the use of a Revenue Decoupling and Conservation Incentive Mechanism for residential and general service rate classes, which would partially separate the collection of fixed costs from gas sales and enhance the utility’s ability to recover its fixed costs.
In August 2007, the MPSC approved a partial settlement agreement authorizing an annual rate increase of $50 million, including an authorized return on equity of 10.75 percent. The proposed Revenue Decoupling and Conservation Incentive Mechanism was not approved. On September 25, 2007, the MPSC reopened the record in the case to allow all interested parties to be heard concerning the approval of an energy efficiency program, which we included in our original filing. If approved in total, this would result in an additional rate increase of $9 million to be used to implement the energy efficiency program.
OTHER CONTINGENCIES
Other: In addition to the matters disclosed within this Note, we are party to certain lawsuits and administrative proceedings before various courts and governmental agencies arising from the ordinary course of business. These lawsuits and proceedings may involve personal injury, property damage, contractual matters, environmental issues, federal and state taxes, rates, licensing, and other matters.

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We have accrued estimated losses for certain contingencies discussed within this Note. Resolution of these contingencies is not expected to have a material adverse impact on our financial position, liquidity, or future results of operations.
FASB Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others: The Interpretation requires the guarantor, upon issuance of a guarantee, to recognize a liability for the fair value of the obligation it undertakes in issuing the guarantee.
The following table describes our guarantees at September 30, 2007:
                 
In Millions
                FIN 45
        Expiration   Maximum   Carrying
Guarantee Description   Issue Date   Date   Obligation   Amount
 
Surety bonds and other indemnifications
  Various   Various   $ 1  
Guarantee
  January 1987   March 2016   85  
 
     The following table provides additional information regarding our guarantees:
         
 
        Events That Would Require
Guarantee Description   How Guarantee Arose   Performance
 
Surety bonds and other indemnifications
  Normal operating activity, permits and licenses   Nonperformance
 
       
Guarantee
  Agreement to provide power and steam to Dow   MCV Partnership’s nonperformance or non-payment under a related contract
 
At September 30, 2007, only our guarantee to provide power and steam to Dow contained provisions allowing us to recover, from third parties, amounts paid under the guarantees.
We sold our interests in the MCV Partnership and the FMLP. The sales agreement calls for the purchaser, an affiliate of GSO Capital Partners and Rockland Capital Energy Investments, to pay Consumers $85 million, subject to certain reimbursement rights, if Dow terminates an agreement under which the MCV Partnership provides it steam and electric power. This agreement expires in March 2016 and is subject to certain terms and conditions. The purchaser secured their reimbursement obligation with an irrevocable letter of credit of up to $85 million.
We enter into various agreements containing tax and other indemnification provisions in connection with a variety of transactions, including the sale of our interests in the MCV Partnership and the FMLP and the sale of our interest in Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI. While we are unable to estimate the maximum potential obligation related to these indemnities, we consider the likelihood that we would be required to perform or incur significant losses related to these indemnities and the guarantees listed in the preceding tables to be remote.

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4: Financings and Capitalization
Long-term debt is summarized as follows:
                 
In Millions  
    September 30, 2007     December 31, 2006  
 
First mortgage bonds
  $ 3,170     $ 3,172  
Senior notes and other
    657       652  
Securitization bonds
    318       340  
 
           
Principal amounts outstanding
    4,145       4,164  
Current amounts
    (440 )     (31 )
Net unamortized discount
    (6 )     (6 )
 
Total Long-term debt
  $ 3,699     $ 4,127  
 
Revolving Credit Facility: The following secured revolving credit facility with banks is available at September 30, 2007:
                                 
In Millions
                    Outstanding    
        Amount of   Amount   Letters-of-   Amount
Company   Expiration Date   Facility   Borrowed   Credit   Available
 
Consumers
  March 30, 2012   $ 500     $ —   $ 218     $ 282  
 
We replaced our $500 million facility with a new $500 million credit facility in March 2007. The new facility contains less restrictive covenants, and provides for lower fees and lower interest margins than the previous credit facilities.
Dividend Restrictions: Under the provisions of our articles of incorporation, at September 30, 2007, we had $250 million of unrestricted retained earnings available to pay common stock dividends. The dividend restrictions in our secured revolving credit facility were removed in March 2007. Provisions of the Federal Power Act and the Natural Gas Act effectively restrict dividends to the amount of our retained earnings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we paid $176 million in common stock dividends to CMS Energy.
Capital Lease Obligations: Our capital leases are comprised mainly of leased service vehicles, office furniture, and gas pipeline capacity. At September 30, 2007, capital lease obligations totaled $62 million. We estimate future minimum lease payments to range between $10 million and $19 million per year over the next five years.
Sale of Accounts Receivable: Under a revolving accounts receivable sales program, we sell certain accounts receivable to a wholly owned, consolidated, bankruptcy remote special purpose entity. In turn, the special purpose entity may sell an undivided interest in up to $325 million of the receivables. The special purpose entity sold no receivables at September 30, 2007 and $325 million of receivables at December 31, 2006. We continue to service the receivables sold to the special purpose entity. The purchaser of the receivables has no recourse against our other assets for failure of a debtor to pay when due and no right to any receivables not sold. We have neither recorded a gain or loss on the receivables sold nor retained an interest in the receivables sold.

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Certain cash flows under our accounts receivable sales program are shown in the following table:
                 
In Millions
Nine months ended September 30   2007     2006  
 
Net cash flow as a result of accounts receivable financing
  $ (325 )   $ (9 )
Collections from customers
  $ 4,631     $ 4,402  
 
5: Financial and Derivative Instruments
Financial Instruments: The carrying amounts of cash, short-term investments, and current liabilities approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature. We estimate the fair values of long-term financial instruments based on quoted market prices or, in the absence of specific market prices, on quoted market prices of similar instruments or other valuation techniques.
The cost and fair value of our long-term debt instruments including current maturities are as follows:
                                                 
In Millions
    September 30, 2007   December 31, 2006
            Fair   Unrealized           Fair   Unrealized
    Cost   Value   Gain   Cost   Value   Gain
 
Long-term debt
  $ 4,139     $ 4,073     $ 66     $ 4,158     $ 4,111     $ 47  
 
The summary of our available-for-sale investment securities is as follows:
                                                                 
In Millions
    September 30, 2007   December 31, 2006
            Unrealized   Unrealized   Fair           Unrealized   Unrealized   Fair
    Cost   Gains   Losses   Value   Cost   Gains   Losses   Value
 
Common stock of CMS Energy (a)
  $ 8     $ 23     $       $ 31     $ 10     $ 26     $       $ 36  
Nuclear decommissioning investments:
                                                               
Equity securities
                            140       150       (4 )     286  
Debt securities
                            307       4       (2 )     309  
SERP:
                                                               
Equity securities
    18       11             29       17       9             26  
Debt securities
    5                   5       6                   6  
 
(a)   At September 30, 2007, we held 1.8 million shares and at December 31, 2006, we held 2.2 million shares of CMS Energy Common Stock.
Derivative Instruments : In order to limit our exposure to certain market risks, we may enter into various risk management contracts, such as swaps, options, futures, and forward contracts. These contracts, used primarily to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates and commodity prices, are entered into for purposes other than trading. We enter into these contracts using established policies and procedures, under the direction of both:
    an executive oversight committee consisting of senior management representatives, and
 
    a risk committee consisting of business unit managers.

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Consumers Energy Company
The contracts we use to manage market risks may qualify as derivative instruments that are subject to derivative and hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133. If a contract is a derivative and does not qualify for the normal purchases and sales exception under SFAS No. 133, it is recorded on our consolidated balance sheet at its fair value. We then adjust the resulting asset or liability each quarter to reflect any change in the market value of the contract, a practice known as marking the contract to market. From time to time, we enter into cash flow hedges. If a derivative qualifies for cash flow hedge accounting treatment, the changes in fair value (gains or losses) are reported in AOCI; otherwise, the changes are reported in earnings.
The majority of our commodity purchase and sale contracts are not subject to derivative accounting under SFAS No. 133 because:
    they do not have a notional amount (that is, a number of units specified in a derivative instrument, such as MWh of electricity or bcf of natural gas),
 
    they qualify for the normal purchases and sales exception, or
 
    there is not an active market for the commodity.
Our coal purchase contracts are not derivatives because there is not an active market for the coal we purchase. If an active market for coal develops in the future, some of these contracts may qualify as derivatives and the resulting mark-to-market impact on earnings could be material.
Derivative accounting is required for certain contracts used to limit our exposure to commodity price risk. At September 30, 2007, the fair value of these derivative contracts was immaterial.
6: Retirement Benefits
We provide retirement benefits to our employees under a number of different plans, including:
    a non-contributory, defined benefit Pension Plan,
 
    a cash balance Pension Plan for certain employees hired between July 1, 2003 and August 31, 2005,
 
    a DCCP for employees hired on or after September 1, 2005,
 
    benefits to certain management employees under SERP,
 
    a defined contribution 401(k) Savings Plan,
 
    benefits to a select group of management under the EISP, and
 
    health care and life insurance benefits under OPEB.
Pension Plan: The Pension Plan includes funds for most of our current employees, the employees of our subsidiaries, and Panhandle, a former subsidiary. The Pension Plan’s assets are not distinguishable by company.
In April 2007, we sold Palisades to Entergy. Employees transferred to Entergy as a result of the sale no longer participate in our retirement benefit plans. We recorded a net reduction of $22 million in pension SFAS No. 158 regulatory assets with a corresponding decrease of $22 million in pension liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We also recorded a net reduction of $15 million in OPEB regulatory SFAS No. 158 assets with a corresponding decrease of $15 million in OPEB liabilities. The following table shows the net adjustment:

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Consumers Energy Company
                 
    Pension     OPEB  
 
Plan liability transferred to Entergy
  $ 44     $ 20  
Trust assets transferred to Entergy
    22       5  
 
Net adjustment
  $ 22     $ 15  
 
Beginning May 1, 2007, the CMS Energy Common Stock Fund is no longer an investment option available for new investments in the 401(k) Savings Plan and the employer’s match is no longer in CMS Energy Stock. Participants have an opportunity to reallocate investments in the CMS Energy Stock Fund to other plan investment alternatives. Beginning November 1, 2007, any remaining shares in the CMS Energy Stock Fund will be sold and the sale proceeds will be reallocated to other plan investment options. At September 30, 2007, there were 7 million shares of CMS Energy Common Stock in the CMS Energy Stock Fund.
SFAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R): In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158. Phase one of this standard required us to recognize the funded status of our defined benefit postretirement plans on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2006. Phase one was implemented in December 2006. Phase two of this standard requires that we change our plan measurement date from November 30 to December 31, effective December 31, 2008. We do not believe that implementation of phase two of this standard will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. We expect to adopt the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 in 2008.

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Consumers Energy Company
Costs: The following table recaps the costs, other changes in plan assets, and benefit obligations incurred in our retirement benefits plans:
                                 
In Millions
    Pension  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
Service cost
  $ 12     $ 12     $ 35     $ 35  
Interest expense
    20       20       61       59  
Expected return on plan assets
    (18 )     (20 )     (56 )     (60 )
Amortization of:
                               
Net loss
    11       10       33       30  
Prior service cost
    1       1       5       5  
     
Net periodic cost
    26       23       78       69  
Regulatory adjustment
    (6 )     (3 )     (14 )     (8 )
     
Net periodic cost after regulatory adjustment
  $ 20     $ 20     $ 64     $ 61  
 
                                 
In Millions
    OPEB  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
Service cost
  $ 7     $ 6     $ 20     $ 18  
Interest expense
    17       15       52       47  
Expected return on plan assets
    (16 )     (14 )     (47 )     (43 )
Amortization of:
                               
Net loss
    6       5       17       15  
Prior service credit
    (3 )     (3 )     (8 )     (8 )
     
Net periodic cost
    11       9       34       29  
Regulatory adjustment
    (2 )           (5 )     (1 )
     
Net periodic cost after regulatory adjustment
  $ 9     $ 9     $ 29     $ 28  
 
7: Asset Retirement Obligations
SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations : This standard requires companies to record the fair value of the cost to remove assets at the end of their useful life, if there is a legal obligation to remove them. Fair value, to the extent possible, should include a market risk premium for unforeseeable circumstances. No market risk premium was included in our ARO fair value estimate since a reasonable estimate could not be made. If a five percent market risk premium were assumed, our ARO liability would increase by $5 million.
If a reasonable estimate of fair value cannot be made in the period in which the ARO is incurred, such as for assets with indeterminate lives, the liability is to be recognized when a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. Generally, gas transmission and electric and gas distribution assets have indeterminate lives. Retirement cash flows cannot be determined and there is a low probability of a retirement date. Therefore, no liability has been recorded for these assets or associated obligations related to potential future abandonment. Also, no liability has been recorded for assets that have insignificant cumulative disposal costs, such as substation batteries.

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Consumers Energy Company
FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations: This Interpretation clarified the term “conditional asset retirement obligation” as used in SFAS No. 143. The term refers to a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and (or) method of settlement are conditional on a future event. We determined that abatement of asbestos included in our plant investments qualifies as a conditional ARO, as defined by FIN 47.
The following tables describe our assets that have legal obligations to be removed at the end of their useful life:
                     
September 30, 2007               In Millions  
    In Service         Trust  
ARO Description   Date     Long-Lived Assets   Fund  
Palisades — decommission plant site
    1972     Palisades nuclear plant   $  
Big Rock — decommission plant site
    1962     Big Rock nuclear plant      
JHCampbell intake/discharge water line
    1980     Plant intake/discharge water line      
Closure of coal ash disposal areas
  Various     Generating plants coal ash areas      
Closure of wells at gas storage fields
  Various     Gas storage fields      
Indoor gas services equipment relocations
  Various     Gas meters located inside structures      
Asbestos abatement
    1973     Electric and gas utility plant      
 
                                                 
In Millions  
    ARO                                     ARO  
    Liability                             Cash flow     Liability  
ARO Description   12/31/06     Incurred     Settled (a)     Accretion     Revisions     9/30/07  
 
Palisades — decommission
  $ 401     $     $ (410 )   $ 7     $ 2     $  
Big Rock — decommission
    2             (3 )     1              
JHCampbell intake line
                                   
Coal ash disposal areas
    57             (3 )     4             58  
Wells at gas storage fields
    1                               1  
Indoor gas services relocations
    1                               1  
Asbestos abatement
    35             (1 )     2             36  
     
 
Total
  $ 497     $     $ (417 )   $ 14     $ 2     $ 96  
 
(a)   Cash payments of $4 million are included in the Other current and non-current liabilities line in Net cash provided by operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In April 2007, we sold Palisades to Entergy and paid Entergy to assume ownership and responsibility for the Big Rock ISFSI. Our AROs related to Palisades and the Big Rock ISFSI ended with the sale and the related ARO liabilities were removed from our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We also removed the Big Rock ARO related to the plant in the second quarter of 2007 due to the completion of decommissioning.

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Consumers Energy Company
In October 2004, the MPSC initiated a generic proceeding to review SFAS No. 143, FERC Order No. 631, Accounting, Financial Reporting, and Rate Filing Requirements for Asset Retirement Obligations, and related accounting and ratemaking issues for MPSC-jurisdictional electric and gas utilities. In June 2007, the MPSC issued an order that requires:
    the MPSC Staff to advise the MPSC whether there are any FERC accounts, rules or procedures that should be adopted by reference or changed, and
 
    the use of a revised calculation for cost of removal estimates derived from applying SFAS No. 143, which includes the use of standard retirement units.
We will also be required to file a new gas depreciation study by August 1, 2008, using 2007 removal costs as the basis for the calculation, and a new electric depreciation study by August 3, 2009, using 2008 removal costs as the basis for the calculation.
8: income taxes
The principal components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) recognized on our Consolidated Balance Sheets both before and after the adoption of FIN 48 are as follows:
                 
In Millions  
    January 1,     December 31,  
    2007     2006  
 
 
               
Property
  $ (725 )   $ (814 )
Securitized costs
    (177 )     (177 )
Gas inventories
    (168 )     (168 )
Employee benefits
    36       36  
SFAS No. 109 regulatory liability, net
    189       189  
Nuclear decommissioning
    57       57  
Tax loss and credit carryforwards
    178       209  
Valuation allowances
    (22 )     (15 )
Other, net
    (176 )     (175 )
     
 
               
Net deferred tax liabilities
  $ (808 )   $ (858 )
 
As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we identified additional uncertain tax benefits of $5 million as of January 1, 2007. Included in this amount is an increase in our valuation allowance of $7 million, increases to tax reserves of $55 million and a decrease to deferred tax liabilities of $57 million.
Consumers joins in the filing of a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return as well as unitary and combined income tax returns in several states. Consumers and its subsidiaries also file separate company income tax returns in several states. The only significant state tax paid by Consumers or any of its subsidiaries is in Michigan. However, since the Michigan Single Business Tax is not an income tax, it is not part of the FIN 48 analysis. The IRS has completed its audits for all the consolidated federal returns, of which Consumers is a member, for years through 2001. The federal income tax returns for the years 2002 through 2005 are open under the statute of limitations.

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Consumers Energy Company
We reflected a net interest liability of $1 million related to our uncertain income tax positions on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 1, 2007. We have not accrued any penalties with respect to uncertain tax benefits. We recognize accrued interest and penalties, where applicable, related to uncertain tax benefits as part of income tax expense.
As of the date of adoption of FIN 48, we had valuation allowances against certain deferred tax assets totaling $22 million and other net uncertain tax positions of $55 million, resulting in total uncertain benefits of $77 million. Of this amount, $24 million would result in a decrease in our effective tax rate, if recognized. We are not expecting any material changes to our uncertain tax positions over the next 12 months.
The actual income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal tax rate of 35 percent to income before income taxes as follows:
                 
In Millions
Nine Months Ended September 30   2007     2006  
 
 
               
Income before income taxes
  $ 332     $ 211  
     
 
               
Statutory federal income tax rate
    x 35 %     x 35 %
     
Expected income tax expense
    116       74  
Increase (decrease) in taxes from:
               
Property differences
    10       15  
IRS Settlement/Credit Restoration
          (18 )
Fair market value charitable donation
    (2 )      
Tax exempt income
    (1 )     (2 )
Medicare Part D exempt income
    (7 )     (4 )
Income tax credit amortization
    (3 )     (3 )
Valuation Allowance
          5  
Other, net
    2       (1 )
     
Recorded income tax expense
  $ 115     $ 66  
 
Effective tax rate
    35 %     31 %
 
Michigan Business Tax Act: In July 2007, the Michigan governor signed Senate Bill 94, the Michigan Business Tax Act, which imposes a business income tax of 4.95 percent and a modified gross receipts tax of 0.8 percent. The bill provides for a number of tax credits and incentives geared toward those companies investing and employing in Michigan. The Michigan Business Tax, which is effective January 1, 2008, replaces the state’s current Single Business Tax that expires on December 31, 2007. In September 2007, the Michigan governor signed House Bill 5104, allowing additional deductions in future years against the business income portion of the tax. These future deductions are phased in over a 15-year period, beginning in 2015. As a result of the enactment of this tax, we recorded, on a consolidated basis, a net deferred tax liability of $125 million completely offset by a net deferred tax asset of $125 million.

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Consumers Energy Company
9: Reportable Segments
Our reportable segments consists of business units organized and managed by the nature of the products and services each provides. We evaluate performance based upon the net income of each segment. We operate principally in two segments: electric utility and gas utility.
The following tables show our financial information by reportable segment:
                                 
  In Millions  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
September 30   2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
Operating revenue
                               
Electric
  $ 963     $ 976     $ 2,663     $ 2,496  
Gas
    209       201       1,811       1,576  
Other
          14             39  
     
 
                               
Total Operating Revenue
  $ 1,172     $ 1,191     $ 4,474     $ 4,111  
 
Net income available to common stockholder
                               
Electric
  $ 67     $ 93     $ 158     $ 159  
Gas
    (8 )     (20 )     53       14  
Other
    1       26       5       (29 )
     
 
                               
Total Net Income Available to Common Stockholder
  $ 60     $ 99     $ 216     $ 144  
 
                 
In Millions  
    September 30, 2007     December 31, 2006  
 
Assets
               
Electric (a)
  $ 8,333     $ 8,516  
Gas (a)
    4,343       3,950  
Other
    479       379  
     
 
               
Total Assets
  $ 13,155     $ 12,845  
 
(a)   Amounts include a portion of our other common assets attributable to both the electric and gas utility businesses.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
CMS ENERGY
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk is contained in PART I: CMS Energy Corporation’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis, which is incorporated by reference herein.
CONSUMERS
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk is contained in PART I: Consumers Energy Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis, which is incorporated by reference herein.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
CMS ENERGY
Disclosure Controls and Procedures: CMS Energy’s management, with the participation of its CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, CMS Energy’s CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the end of such period, its disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting: There have not been any changes in CMS Energy’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
CONSUMERS
Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Consumers’ management, with the participation of its CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, Consumers’ CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the end of such period, its disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting: There have not been any changes in Consumers’ internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The discussion below is limited to an update of developments that have occurred in various judicial and administrative proceedings, many of which are more fully described in CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ Forms 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and Forms 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and June 30, 2007. Reference is also made to the NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, in particular, Note 3, Contingencies, for CMS Energy and Note 3, Contingencies, for Consumers, included herein for additional information regarding various pending administrative and judicial proceedings involving rate, operating, regulatory and environmental matters.

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CMS ENERGY
GAS INDEX PRICE REPORTING LITIGATION
Texas-Ohio Energy, Inc. filed a putative class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California in November 2003 against a number of energy companies engaged in the sale of natural gas in the United States (including CMS Energy). The complaint alleged defendants entered into a price-fixing scheme by engaging in activities to manipulate the price of natural gas in California. The complaint alleged violations of the federal Sherman Act, the California Cartwright Act, and the California Business and Professions Code relating to unlawful, unfair and deceptive business practices. In April 2004, a Nevada Multidistrict Litigation (MDL) Panel ordered the transfer of the Texas-Ohio case to a pending MDL matter in the Nevada federal district court that at the time involved seven complaints originally filed in various state courts in California. These complaints make allegations similar to those in the Texas-Ohio case regarding price reporting, although none contain a federal Sherman Act claim. In November 2004, those seven complaints, as well as a number of others that were originally filed in various state courts in California and subsequently transferred to the MDL proceeding, were remanded back to California state court. The Texas-Ohio case remained in Nevada federal district court, and defendants, with CMS Energy joining, filed a motion to dismiss. The court issued an order granting the motion to dismiss on April 8, 2005 and entered a judgment in favor of the defendants on April 11, 2005. Texas-Ohio has appealed the dismissal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.
While that appeal was pending, CMS Energy agreed to settle the Texas-Ohio case and four other cases originally filed in California federal courts for a total payment of $700,000. That settlement money was paid and on September 10, 2007, the court entered an order granting final approval of the settlement and dismissing the CMS Energy defendants from these cases. On September 26, 2007, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the ruling of the trial judge in the Texas-Ohio case and held that the “filed rate doctrine” is not applicable to the claims. The Ninth Circuit then remanded the case to the federal district court. While CMS Energy is no longer a party to the Texas-Ohio case, the ninth circuit ruling may affect the position of CMS entities in other pending cases.
Three federal putative class actions, Fairhaven Power Company v. Encana Corp. et al., Utility Savings & Refund Services LLP v. Reliant Energy Resources Inc. et al., and Abelman Art Glass v. Encana Corp. et al., all of which make allegations similar to those in the Texas-Ohio case regarding price manipulation and seek similar relief, were originally filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California in September 2004, November 2004 and December 2004, respectively. The Fairhaven and Abelman Art Glass cases also include claims for unjust enrichment and a constructive trust. The three complaints were filed against CMS Energy and many of the other defendants named in the Texas-Ohio case. In addition, the Utility Savings case names CMS MST and Cantera Resources Inc. (Cantera Resources Inc. is the parent of Cantera Natural Gas, LLC and CMS Energy is required to indemnify Cantera Natural Gas, LLC and Cantera Resources Inc. with respect to these actions.)
The Fairhaven, Utility Savings and Abelman Art Glass cases have been transferred to the MDL proceeding, where the Texas-Ohio case was pending. Pursuant to stipulation by the parties and court order, defendants were not required to respond to the Fairhaven, Utility Savings and Abelman Art Glass complaints until the court ruled on defendants’ motion to dismiss in the Texas-Ohio case. Plaintiffs subsequently filed a consolidated class action complaint alleging violations of federal and California antitrust laws. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss, arguing that the consolidated complaint should be dismissed for the same reasons as the Texas-Ohio case. The court issued an order granting the motion to dismiss on December 19, 2005 and entered judgment in favor of defendants on December 23, 2005. Plaintiffs have appealed the dismissal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. California-based plaintiffs in the pending Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals cases (Texas-Ohio, Fairhaven, Abelman Art Glass and Utility Savings) have entered into a settlement agreement dated January 10, 2007 to collectively settle their claims against all CMS Energy defendants for the payment of $700,000. Plaintiffs filed a motion for preliminary approval of this and other settlements with various defendants on April 3, 2007. An order was entered on May 3, 2007 granting preliminary approval of the settlement, and CMS has wire transferred its $700,000 settlement payment. On September 10, 2007, the court entered an order granting final approval of the settlement and dismissing the CMS Energy defendants and other settling defendants from these cases.

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Commencing in or about February 2004, 15 state law complaints containing allegations similar to those made in the Texas-Ohio case, but generally limited to the California Cartwright Act and unjust enrichment, were filed in various California state courts against many of the same defendants named in the federal price manipulation cases discussed above. In addition to CMS Energy, CMS MST is named in all of the 15 state law complaints. Cantera Gas Company and Cantera Natural Gas, LLC (erroneously sued as Cantera Natural Gas, Inc.) are named in all but one complaint.
In February 2005, these 15 separate actions, as well as nine other similar actions that were filed in California state court but do not name CMS Energy or any of its former or current subsidiaries, were ordered coordinated with pending coordinated proceedings in the San Diego Superior Court. The 24 state court complaints involving price reporting were coordinated as Natural Gas Antitrust Cases V. Plaintiffs in Natural Gas Antitrust Cases V were ordered to file a consolidated complaint, but a consolidated complaint was filed only for the two putative class action lawsuits. Pursuant to a ruling dated August 23, 2006, CMS Energy, Cantera Gas Company and Cantera Natural Gas, LLC were dismissed as defendants in the master class action and the thirteen non-class actions, due to lack of personal jurisdiction. CMS MST remains a defendant in all of these actions. CMS MST has settled a master class action suit in California state court for $7 million. In March 2007, CMS Energy paid $7 million into a trust fund account following preliminary approval of the settlement by the judge. The court entered a judgment, final order and decree dated June 12, 2007 granting final approval to the class action settlement with CMS MST. Certain of the individual cases filed in the California State Court remain pending.
Samuel D. Leggett, et al v. Duke Energy Corporation, et al, a class action complaint brought on behalf of retail and business purchasers of natural gas in Tennessee, was filed in the Chancery Court of Fayette County, Tennessee in January 2005. The complaint contains claims for violations of the Tennessee Trade Practices Act based upon allegations of false reporting of price information by defendants to publications that compile and publish indices of natural gas prices for various natural gas hubs. The complaint seeks statutory full consideration damages and attorneys fees and injunctive relief regulating defendants’ future conduct. The defendants include CMS Energy, CMS MST and CMS Field Services. On August 10, 2005, certain defendants, including CMS MST, filed a motion to dismiss and CMS Energy and CMS Field Services filed a motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. Defendants attempted to remove the case to federal court, but it was remanded to state court by a federal judge. On February 2, 2007, the state court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint. Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal on April 4, 2007. Oral arguments on the appeal is set for November 8, 2007.
J.P. Morgan Trust Company, in its capacity as Trustee of the FLI Liquidating Trust, filed an action in Kansas state court in August 2005 against a number of energy companies, including CMS Energy, CMS MST and CMS Field Services. The complaint alleges various claims under the Kansas Restraint of Trade Act relating to reporting false natural gas trade information to publications that report trade information. Plaintiff is seeking statutory full consideration damages for its purchases of natural gas between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2001. The case was removed to the United States District Court for the District of Kansas on September 8, 2005 and transferred to the MDL proceeding on October 13, 2005. A motion to remand the case back to Kansas state court was denied on April 21, 2006. The court initially issued an order granting the motion to dismiss on December 18, 2006, but later reversed the ruling on reconsideration and has now denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss. On September 7, 2007, the CMS Energy defendants filed an answer to the complaint.
On November 20, 2005, CMS MST was served with a summons and complaint which named CMS Energy, CMS MST and CMS Field Services as defendants in a putative class action filed in Kansas state court, Learjet, Inc., et al. v. Oneok, Inc., et al. Similar to the other actions that have been filed, the complaint alleges that during the putative class period, January 1, 2000 through October 31, 2002, defendants engaged in a scheme to violate the Kansas Restraint of Trade Act by knowingly reporting false or inaccurate information to the publications, thereby affecting the market price of natural gas. Plaintiffs,

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who allege they purchased natural gas from defendants and others for their facilities, are seeking statutory full consideration damages consisting of the full consideration paid by plaintiffs for natural gas. On December 7, 2005, the case was removed to the United States District Court for the District of Kansas and later that month a motion was filed to transfer the case to the MDL proceeding. On January 6, 2006, plaintiffs filed a motion to remand the case to Kansas state court. On January 23, 2006, a conditional transfer order transferring the case to the MDL proceeding was issued. On February 7, 2006, plaintiffs filed an opposition to the conditional transfer order and on June 20, 2006 the MDL Panel issued an order transferring the case to the MDL proceeding. The court issued an order dated August 3, 2006 denying the motion to remand the case to Kansas state court. Defendants have filed a motion to dismiss, which was denied on July 27, 2007. On September 7, 2007, the CMS Energy defendants filed an answer to the complaint.
Breckenridge Brewery of Colorado, LLC and BBD Acquisition Co. v. Oneok, Inc., et al., a class action complaint brought on behalf of retail direct purchasers of natural gas in Colorado, was filed in Colorado state court in May 2006. Defendants, including CMS Energy, CMS Field Services, and CMS MST, are alleged to have violated the Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992 in connection with their natural gas price reporting activities. Plaintiffs are seeking full refund damages. The case was removed to the United States District Court for the District of Colorado on June 12, 2006, a conditional transfer order transferring the case to the MDL proceeding was entered on June 27, 2006, and an order transferring the case to the MDL proceeding was entered on October 17, 2006. The court issued an order dated December 4, 2006 denying the motion to remand the case back to Colorado state court. Defendants have filed a motion to dismiss. On August 21, 2007, the court granted the motion to dismiss by CMS Energy on the basis of a lack of jurisdiction. The other defendants remain in the case, and they filed an answer to the complaint on September 7, 2007. The remaining CMS Energy defendants also filed a summary judgment motion which remains pending.
On October 30, 2006, CMS Energy and CMS MST were each served with a summons and complaint which named CMS Energy, CMS MST and CMS Field Services as defendants in an action filed in Missouri state court, titled Missouri Public Service Commission v. Oneok, Inc. The Missouri Public Service Commission purportedly is acting as an assignee of six local distribution companies, and it alleges that from at least January 2000 through at least October 2002, defendants knowingly reported false natural gas prices to publications that compile and publish indices of natural gas prices, and engaged in wash sales. The complaint contains claims for violation of the Missouri Anti-Trust Law, fraud and unjust enrichment. Defendants removed the case to Missouri federal court and then transferred it to the Nevada MDL proceeding. A second action, Heartland Regional Medical Center, et al. v. Oneok, Inc., et al., was filed in Missouri state court in March 2007 alleging violations of Missouri anti-trust laws. The second action is denoted as a class action. Defendants also removed this case to Missouri federal court, and it has been conditionally transferred to the Nevada MDL proceeding.
A class action complaint, Arandell Corp., et al v. XCEL Energy Inc., et al, was filed on or about December 15, 2006 in Wisconsin state court on behalf of Wisconsin commercial entities that purchased natural gas between January 1, 2000 and October 31, 2002. Defendants, including CMS Energy, CMS ERM and Cantera Gas Company, LLC, are alleged to have violated Wisconsin’s Anti-Trust statute by conspiring to manipulate natural gas prices. Plaintiffs are seeking full consideration damages, plus exemplary damages in an amount equal to three times the actual damages, and attorneys’ fees. The action was removed to Wisconsin federal district court and CMS entered a special appearance for purpose of filing a motion to dismiss all the CMS defendants on the ground of lack of personal jurisdiction and that motion was filed on September 10, 2007. The court has not yet ruled on the motion. The court denied plaintiffs’ motion to remand the case back to Wisconsin state court, and the case has been transferred to the Nevada MDL proceeding.
CMS Energy and the other CMS defendants will defend themselves vigorously against these matters but cannot predict their outcome.

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QUICKSILVER RESOURCES, INC.
On November 1, 2001, Quicksilver sued CMS MST in the Texas State Court in Fort Worth, Texas for breach of contract in connection with a Base Contract for Sale and Purchase of natural gas, pursuant to which Quicksilver agreed to sell, and CMS MST agreed to buy, natural gas. Quicksilver contended that a special provision in the contract requires CMS MST to pay Quicksilver 50 percent of the difference between $2.47/MMBtu and the index price each month. CMS MST disagrees with Quicksilver’s interpretation of the special provision and contends that it has paid all monies owed for delivery of gas pursuant to the contract. Quicksilver is seeking damages of approximately $126 million, plus prejudgment interest and attorneys’ fees.
Trial commenced on March 19, 2007. The jury verdict awarded Quicksilver zero compensatory damages but $10 million in punitive damages. The jury found that CMS MST breached the contract and committed fraud but found no actual damage on account of either such claim.
On May 15, 2007, the trial court, ruling on motions to counter the entry of the judgment, vacated the jury award of punitive damages but held that the contract should be rescinded prospectively. The judicial rescission of the contract caused CMS Energy to record a charge in the second quarter of 2007 of approximately $24 million, net of tax. To preserve its appellate rights, CMS MST filed a motion to modify, correct or reform the judgment and a motion for a judgment contrary to the jury verdict with the trial court. The trial court dismissed these motions. CMS MST has filed a notice of appeal with the Texas Court of Appeals.
CMS ENERGY AND CONSUMERS
SECURITIES CLASS ACTION LAWSUITS
Beginning in May 2002, a number of complaints were filed against CMS Energy, Consumers and certain officers and directors of CMS Energy and its affiliates in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. The cases were consolidated into a single lawsuit (the “Shareholder Action”), which generally seeks unspecified damages based on allegations that the defendants violated United States securities laws and regulations by making allegedly false and misleading statements about CMS Energy’s business and financial condition, particularly with respect to revenues and expenses recorded in connection with round-trip trading by CMS MST. In January 2005, the court granted a motion to dismiss Consumers and three of the individual defendants, but denied the motions to dismiss CMS Energy and the 13 remaining individual defendants. In March 2006, the court conditionally certified a class consisting of “all persons who purchased CMS Common Stock during the period of October 25, 2000 through and including May 17, 2002 and who were damaged thereby.” The court excluded purchasers of CMS Energy’s 8.75 percent Adjustable Convertible Trust Securities (“ACTS”) from the class and, in response, a new class action lawsuit was filed on behalf of ACTS purchasers (the “ACTS Action”) against the same defendants named in the Shareholder Action. The settlement described in the following paragraph has resolved both the Shareholder and ACTS actions.
On January 3, 2007, CMS Energy and other parties entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (the “MOU”), subject to court approval, regarding settlement of the two class action lawsuits. The settlement was approved by a special committee of independent directors and by the full board of directors of CMS Energy. Both judged that it was in the best interests of shareholders to eliminate this business uncertainty. Under the terms of the MOU, the litigation was settled for a total of $200 million, including the cost of administering the settlement and any attorney fees the court awards. CMS Energy made a payment of approximately $123 million plus interest on the settlement amount on September 20, 2007. CMS Energy’s insurers paid $77 million, the balance of the settlement amount. In entering into the

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MOU, CMS Energy made no admission of liability under the Shareholder Action and the ACTS Action. The parties executed a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement dated May 22, 2007 (“Stipulation”) incorporating the terms of the MOU. In accordance with the Stipulation, CMS has paid approximately $1 million of the settlement amount to fund administrative expenses. On September 6, 2007, the court issued a final order approving the settlement. The remaining settlement amount was paid following the September 6, 2007 hearing.
On October 5, 2007, two former officers of Consumers filed an appeal of the order approving the settlement of the shareholder litigation. Based on the objections they filed in the District Court and comments made on the record at the fairness hearing on September 6, 2007, they are not challenging the amount of the settlement. Their principal complaint was with the exclusion of all present and former officers and their immediate families from participation in the settlement. It is not anticipated that the appeal will result in changes to any material terms of the settlement approved by the District Court.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
CMS Energy and Consumers, as well as their subsidiaries and affiliates are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the environment. Several of these companies have been named parties to various actions involving environmental issues. Based on their present knowledge and subject to future legal and factual developments, they believe it is unlikely that these actions, individually or in total, will have a material adverse effect on their financial condition or future results of operations. For additional information, see both CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ Forms 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 — ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS and ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA — NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Other than discussed below, there have been no material changes to the Risk Factors as previously disclosed in CMS Energy’s Form 10-K and Consumers’ Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and Forms 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and June 30, 2007.
Risks Related to CMS Energy and Consumers
CMS Energy and Consumers may be adversely affected by regulatory investigations regarding “round-trip” trading by CMS MST as well as civil lawsuits regarding pricing information that CMS MST and CMS Field Services provided to market publications.
As a result of round-trip trading transactions (simultaneous, prearranged commodity trading transactions in which energy commodities were sold and repurchased at the same price) at CMS MST, CMS Energy is under investigation by the DOJ. CMS Energy received subpoenas in 2002 and 2003 from U.S. Attorneys’ Offices regarding investigations of those trades. CMS Energy responded to those subpoenas in 2003 and 2004.
In March 2004, the SEC approved a cease-and-desist order settling an administrative action against CMS Energy relating to round-trip trading. The order did not assess a fine and CMS Energy neither admitted nor denied the order’s findings.
CMS Energy has notified appropriate regulatory and governmental agencies that some employees at CMS MST and CMS Field Services appeared to have provided inaccurate information regarding natural gas trades to various energy industry publications which compile and report index prices. CMS Energy has cooperated with an investigation by the DOJ regarding this matter. Although CMS Energy has not received any formal notification that the DOJ has completed its investigation, the DOJ’s last request for information occurred in November 2003, and CMS Energy completed its response to this request in May 2004. CMS Energy is unable to predict the outcome of the DOJ investigation and what effect, if any, the investigation will have on CMS Energy. The CFTC filed a civil injunctive action against two former CMS Field Services employees in Oklahoma federal district court on February 1, 2005. The action alleges the two engaged in reporting false natural gas trade information, and seeks to enjoin these acts,

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compel compliance with the Commodities Exchange Act, and impose monetary penalties. Trial dates have been held in abeyance pending settlement discussions. CMS Energy is currently advancing legal defense costs to the two individuals in accordance with existing indemnification policies. The court entered separate consent orders with respect to each of the two individuals, one dated April 18, 2007 and one dated June 25, 2007, resolving this litigation. The consent orders enjoin each of the individuals from engaging in certain activities and further provide civil monetary penalties in the amount of $100,000 for one individual and $25,000 for the other individual. Pursuant to agreements with each of the individuals, CMS has paid $95,000 of the $100,000 amount and $22,000 of the $25,000 amount, with the remaining amounts paid by the individuals themselves. These settlements put an end to CFTC enforcement actions relating to gas price reporting by individuals once employed at present or former CMS subsidiaries.
CMS Energy, CMS MST, CMS Field Services, Cantera Natural Gas, Inc. (the company that purchased CMS Field Services) and Cantera Gas Company are named as defendants in various lawsuits arising as a result of false natural gas price reporting. Allegations include manipulation of NYMEX natural gas futures and options prices, price-fixing conspiracies, and artificial inflation of natural gas retail prices in California, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. In September 2006, CMS MST reached an agreement in principle to settle a master class action suit in California for $7 million, pending approval by the trial Court. The court entered an order granting preliminary approval of the settlement, and CMS MST has paid the $7 million settlement amount. The court entered a judgment, final order and decree dated June 12, 2007 granting final approval to the class action settlement with CMS MST.
CMS Energy and the other CMS Energy defendants will defend themselves vigorously against all of these matters, but cannot predict the outcome of the DOJ investigations and the lawsuits. It is possible that the outcome in one or more of the investigations or the lawsuits could adversely affect CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.
CMS Energy and Consumers could incur significant capital expenditures to comply with environmental standards and face difficulty in recovering these costs on a current basis.
CMS Energy, Consumers, and their subsidiaries are subject to costly and increasingly stringent environmental regulations. They expect that the cost of future environmental compliance, especially compliance with clean air and water laws, will be significant.
In 1998, the EPA issued regulations requiring the State of Michigan to further limit nitrogen oxide emissions at coal-fired electric generating plants. The EPA and State of Michigan regulations require Consumers to make significant capital expenditures estimated to be $880 million. From 1998 to present, Consumers has incurred $784 million in capital expenditures to comply with these regulations and anticipates that the remaining $96 million of capital expenditures will be made in 2007 through 2011. In addition to modifying coal-fired electric plants, Consumers’ compliance plan includes the use of nitrogen oxide emission allowances until all of the control equipment is operational in 2011. The nitrogen oxide emission allowance annual expense is projected to be $2 million per year through 2011, which Consumers expects to recover from customers through the PSCR process.
In March 2005, the EPA adopted the Clean Air Interstate Rule that requires additional coal-fired electric plant emission controls for nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. Consumers plans to meet the nitrogen oxide requirements of this rule by year-round operation of its selective catalytic reduction control technology units, installation of low nitrogen oxide burners, and purchasing emission allowances. Consumers plans to meet the sulfur dioxide requirements of this rule using sorbent injection, installation of flue gas desulfurization scrubbers and purchasing emission allowances. Consumers’ total cost for equipment installation is expected to reach approximately $740 million by 2015. Additional purchases of

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sulfur dioxide emission allowances in 2012 and 2013 will be needed for an estimated cost of $10 million per year, which Consumers expects to recover from customers through the PSCR process.
The Clean Air Interstate Rule was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia by a number of utilities and other companies. Final briefs were due September 5, 2007 with a decision expected in 2008. We cannot predict the outcome of these appeals.
Also in March 2005, the EPA issued the Clean Air Mercury Rule, which requires initial reductions of mercury emissions from coal-fired electric generating plants by 2010 and further reductions by 2018. The Clean Air Mercury Rule was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals by a number of states and other entities. Final briefs were due July 13, 2007, with a decision expected in 2008. We cannot predict the outcome of these appeals.
In April 2006, Michigan’s governor announced a plan that would result in mercury emissions reductions of 90 percent by 2015. Consumers is currently working with the MDEQ on the details of these rules; however, Consumers has developed preliminary cost estimates and a mercury emissions reduction scenario based on its best knowledge of control technology options and initially proposed requirements. The scenario includes expenditures of approximately $510 million for mercury control equipment and continuous emissions monitoring systems through 2015.
The EPA has alleged that some utilities have incorrectly classified plant modifications as “routine maintenance” rather than seeking permits from the EPA to modify the plant. We have received and responded to information requests from the EPA on this subject. We believe that we have properly interpreted the requirements of “routine maintenance.” If our interpretation is found to be incorrect, we may be required to install additional pollution controls at some or all of our coal-fired electric generating plants and potentially pay fines. Additionally, the viability of certain plants remaining in operation could be called into question.
Several legislative proposals have been introduced in the United States Congress that would require reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide. On April 2, 2007, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Clean Air Act gives the EPA the authority to regulate emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from automobiles. In its decision, the court ordered the EPA to revisit its finding that it has the discretion not to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from automobiles.
To the extent that greenhouse gas emission reduction rules come into effect, the mandatory emissions reduction requirements could have far-reaching and significant implications for the energy sector. We cannot estimate the effect of federal or state greenhouse gas policy on our future consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position due to the uncertain nature of the policies at this time. However, we will continue to monitor greenhouse gas policy developments and assess and respond to their potential implications on our business operations.
In March 2004, the EPA issued rules that govern electric generating plant cooling water intake systems. The rules require significant reduction in fish killed by operating equipment. EPA compliance options in the rule were challenged in court. In January 2007, the court rejected many of the compliance options favored by industry and remanded the bulk of the rule back to the EPA for reconsideration. The court’s ruling is expected to increase significantly the cost of complying with this rule. However, the cost to comply will not be known until the EPA’s reconsideration is complete. At this time, the EPA has not established a schedule to address the court decision.

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CMS Energy expects to collect fully from its customers, through the ratemaking process, these and other required environmental expenditures. However, if these expenditures are not recovered from customers in Consumers’ rates, CMS Energy and/or Consumers may be required to seek significant additional financing to fund these expenditures, which could strain their cash resources.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None.
Item 5. Other Information
A Shareholder who wishes to submit a proposal for consideration at the CMS Energy 2008 Annual Meeting pursuant to the applicable rules of the SEC must send the proposal to reach CMS Energy’s Corporate Secretary on or before December 13, 2007. In any event, if CMS Energy has not received written notice of any matter to be proposed at that meeting by February 26, 2008, the holders of proxies may use their discretionary voting authority on such matter. The proposals should be addressed to: Corporate Secretary, CMS Energy Corporation, One Energy Plaza, Jackson, MI 49201.
Effective November 1, 2007, CMS Energy and Consumers entered into Indemnification Agreements with each of their respective Directors. These Agreements have an indefinite term and provide for advancement of costs and expenses incurred to defend certain legal actions relating to their services as a Director. These Indemnification Agreements provide consistent indemnification provisions for all Directors and replace Indemnification Agreements that were in place for certain Directors.

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Item 6. Exhibits
     
(3)(b)
  CMS Energy Corporation Bylaws, amended and restated as of August 10, 2007
 
   
(3)(d)
  Consumers Energy Company Bylaws, amended and restated as of August 10, 2007
 
   
(10)(a)
  Form of Indemnification Agreement between CMS Energy Corporation and its Directors, effective as of November 1, 2007
 
   
(10)(b)
  Form of Indemnification Agreement between Consumers Energy Company and its Directors, effective as of November 1, 2007
 
   
(31)(a)
  CMS Energy Corporation’s certification of the CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
(31)(b)
  CMS Energy Corporation’s certification of the CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
(31)(c)
  Consumers Energy Company’s certification of the CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
(31)(d)
  Consumers Energy Company’s certification of the CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
(32)(a)
  CMS Energy Corporation’s certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
(32)(b)
  Consumers Energy Company’s certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. The signature for each undersigned company shall be deemed to relate only to matters having reference to such company or its subsidiary.
         
  CMS ENERGY CORPORATION
(Registrant)
 
 
Dated: November 1, 2007  By:   /s/ Thomas J. Webb    
    Thomas J. Webb   
    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer   
 
  CONSUMERS ENERGY COMPANY
(Registrant)
 
 
Dated: November 1, 2007  By:   /s/ Thomas J. Webb    
    Thomas J. Webb   
    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer   
 

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Exhibit (3)(b)
CMS ENERGY CORPORATION
BYLAWS
ARTICLE I: LOCATION OF OFFICES
Section 1 — Registered Office : The registered office of CMS Energy Corporation, (the “Corporation”) shall be at such place in the City of Jackson, County of Jackson, Michigan, or elsewhere in the State of Michigan, as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
Section 2 — Other Offices : The Corporation may have and maintain other offices within or without the State of Michigan.
ARTICLE II: CORPORATE SEAL
Section 1 — Corporate Seal : The Corporation shall have a corporate seal bearing the name of the Corporation. The form of the corporate seal may be altered by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE III: FISCAL YEAR
Section 1 — Fiscal Year : The fiscal year of the Corporation shall begin with the first day of January and end with the thirty-first day of December of each year.
ARTICLE IV: SHAREHOLDERS’ MEETINGS
Section 1 — Annual Meetings : An annual meeting of the shareholders for election of Directors and for such other business as may come before the meeting shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation or at such other place within or without the State of Michigan, at 10:00 AM, Eastern Daylight Saving Time, or at such other time on the fourth Friday in May of each year or upon such other day as the Board of Directors may designate, but in no event shall such date be more than ninety (90) days after the fourth Friday in May.
Section 2 — Special Meetings : Special meetings of the shareholders may be called by the Board of Directors or by the Chairman of the Board. Such meetings shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation or at such other place within or without the State of Michigan as the Board of Directors may designate.
Section 3 — Notices : Except as otherwise provided by law, written notice of any meeting of the shareholders shall be given, either personally or by mail to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting, not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days prior to the date of the meeting, at their last known address as the same appears on the stock records of the Corporation. Written notice shall be considered given when deposited, with postage thereon prepaid, in a post office or official depository under the control of the United States postal service. Such notice shall specify the time and place of


 

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holding the meeting, the purpose or purposes for which such meeting is called, and the record date fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting. The Board of Directors shall fix a record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting. The Board of Directors shall fix a record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of shareholders, which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting. Such record date shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board of Directors shall fix a new record date for purposes of the adjourned meeting.
No notice of an adjourned meeting shall be necessary if the time and place to which the meeting is adjourned are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting only such business may be transacted as might have been transacted at the original meeting. If, after an adjournment, the Board of Directors shall fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be mailed, in conformity with the provisions of the first paragraph of this Section 3, to each shareholder of record on the new record date entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting.
Section 4 — Quorum : Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation, the holders of the shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to cast a majority of the votes at a meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the meeting, but a lesser number may convene any meeting and, by a majority vote of the shares present at the meeting, may adjourn the same from time to time until a quorum shall be present.
Section 5 — Voting : Shareholders may vote at all meetings in person or by proxy, but all proxies shall be filed with the Secretary of the meeting before being voted upon.
Subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation at all meetings of the shareholders of the Corporation each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled on all questions to one vote for each share of stock held by such holder, and a majority of the votes cast by the holders of shares entitled to vote thereon shall be sufficient for the adoption of any question presented, unless otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation.
Section 6 — Inspectors : In advance of any meeting of shareholders the Board of Directors shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. The inspectors shall have such powers and duties as are provided by law.
ARTICLE V: DIRECTORS
Section 1 — Number : The Board of Directors of the Corporation shall consist of not less than seven (7) nor more than seventeen (17) members, as fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 2 — Election : The Directors shall be elected annually at the annual meeting of the shareholders or at any adjournment thereof.


 

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Section 3 — Term of Office : Subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation and unless otherwise provided by law, the Directors shall hold office from the date of their election until the next succeeding annual meeting and until their successors are elected and shall qualify.
Section 4 — Vacancies : Any vacancy or vacancies in the Board of Directors arising from any cause may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors then in office although less than a quorum. An increase in the number of members shall be construed as creating a vacancy.
ARTICLE VI: DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS
Section 1 — Organization Meeting : As soon as possible after their election, the Board of Directors shall meet and organize and may also transact other business.
Section 2 — Other Meetings : Meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time upon call of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary made at the direction of the Chairman of the Board, the President, a Vice Chairman, if any, or a Vice President.
Section 3 — Place of Meeting : All meetings of Directors shall be held at such place within or without the State of Michigan as may be designated in the call therefore.
Section 4 — Notice : A reasonable notice of all meetings, in writing or otherwise, shall be given to each Director or sent to the Director’s residence or place of business; provided, however, that no notice shall be required for an organization meeting if held on the same day as the shareholders’ meeting at which Directors were elected.
No notice of the holding of an adjourned meeting shall be necessary.
Notice of all meetings shall specify the time and place of holding the meeting and unless otherwise stated any and all business may be transacted at any such meeting.
Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting may be waived in writing either before or after the holding thereof.
Section 5 — Quorum : At all meetings of the Board of Directors a majority of the Board then in office shall constitute a quorum but a majority of the Directors present may convene and adjourn any such meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present; provided, that if the Board shall consist of ten (10) and not more than fifteen (15), then five (5) members shall constitute a quorum; and if the Board shall consist of more than fifteen (15), then seven (7) members shall constitute a quorum.
Section 6 — Voting : All questions coming before any meeting of the Board of Directors for action shall be decided by a majority vote of the Directors present at such meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation or by these Bylaws.


 

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Section 7 — Participation by Communications Equipment : A Director or a member of a Committee designated by the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
Section 8 — Action Without Meeting : Any action required or permitted to be taken pursuant to authorization voted at a meeting of the Board of Directors or a Committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if, before or after the action, all members of the Board or of the Committee consent thereto in writing. The written consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board or Committee, and the consents shall have the same effect as a vote of the Board or Committee for all purposes.
ARTICLE VII: EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMITTEES
Section 1 — Number and Qualifications : By resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, the Board of Directors may from time to time designate one or more of their number to constitute an Executive or any other Committee of the Board, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine to be desirable, and may fix the number of members and designate the Chairperson of each such Committee, except that the Audit Committee shall consist of not less than three outside members of the Board of Directors. Except as provided by law, the powers of each such Committee shall be as defined in the resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors relating to the authorization of such Committee, and may include, if such resolution or resolutions so provide, the power and authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of shares of stock of the Corporation.
Section 2 — Appointment : The appointment of members of each such Committee, or other action respecting any Committee, may take place at any meeting of the Directors.
Section 3 — Term of Office : The members of each Committee shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.
Section 4 — Vacancies : Any vacancy or vacancies in any such Committee arising from any cause shall be filled by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors. By like vote the Board may designate one or more Directors to serve as alternate members of a Committee, who may replace an absent or disqualified member at a meeting of a Committee; provided, however, in the absence or disqualification of a member of a Committee, the members of the Committee present at a meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act in the place of the absent or disqualified member.
Section 5 — Minutes : Except as provided in Section 2 of Article X hereof or as otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, each such Committee shall make a written report or recommendation following its meetings or keep minutes of all its meetings.
Section 6 — Quorum : At all meetings of any duly authorized Committee of the Board of Directors, a majority of the members of such Committee shall constitute a quorum but a


 

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majority of the members present may convene and adjourn any such meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present; provided, that with respect to any Committee of the Board other than the Executive Committee, if the membership of such Committee is four (4) or less, then two (2) members of such Committee shall constitute a quorum and one member may convene and adjourn any such meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present.
ARTICLE VIII: OFFICERS
Section 1 — Election : The officers shall be chosen by the Board of Directors. The Corporation shall have a Chairman of the Board, a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, and such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine, who shall have respectively such duties and authority as may be provided by these Bylaws or as may be provided by resolution of the Board of Directors not inconsistent herewith. Any two (2) or more of such offices may be held by the same persons but no officer shall execute, acknowledge or verify any instrument in more than one capacity if such instrument is required by law, by the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation or by these Bylaws to be executed, acknowledged or verified by two (2) or more officers.
Section 2 — Qualifications : The Chairman of the Board and Vice Chairman, if any, shall be chosen from among the Board of Directors, but the other officers need not be members of the Board.
Section 3 — Vacancies : Any vacancy or vacancies among the officers arising from any cause shall be filled by the Board of Directors. In case of the absence of any officer of the Corporation or for any other reason that the Board of Directors may deem sufficient, the Board of Directors may delegate, for the time being, the powers or duties, or any of them, of any officer to any other officer or to any Director.
Section 4 — Term of Office : Each officer of the Corporation shall hold office until a successor is chosen and qualified, or until the officer’s resignation or removal. Any officer appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors with or without cause.
Section 5 — Compensation : The compensation of the officers shall be fixed by a committee of the Board of Directors composed of independent directors as defined by applicable law and regulation.
ARTICLE IX: AGENTS
Section 1 — Resident Agent : The Corporation shall have and continuously maintain a resident agent, which may be either an individual resident in the State of Michigan whose business office is identical with the Corporation’s registered office or a Michigan corporation or a foreign corporation authorized to transact business in Michigan and having a business office identical with the Corporation’s registered office. The Board of Directors shall appoint the resident agent.


 

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Section 2 — Other Agents : The Board of Directors may appoint such other agents as may in their judgment be necessary for the proper conduct of the business of the Corporation.
ARTICLE X: POWERS AND DUTIES
Section 1 — Directors : The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board of Directors which shall have and exercise all of the powers and authority of the Corporation except as otherwise provided by law, by the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation or by these Bylaws.
Section 2 — Executive Committee : In the interim between meetings of the Board of Directors the Executive Committee shall have and exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors except as otherwise provided by law. The Executive Committee shall meet from time to time on the call of the Chairman of the Board or the Chairman of the Committee. The Secretary shall keep minutes in sufficient detail to advise fully the Board of Directors of the actions taken by the Committee and shall submit copies of such minutes to the Board of Directors for its approval or other action at its next meeting.
Section 3 — Chairman of the Board : The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of Directors and shareholders; and shall perform and do all acts and things incident to the position of Chairman of the Board, and such other duties as may be assigned from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee.
Section 4 — President : The President shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and, subject to the supervision of the Board of Directors and of the Executive Committee, shall have general charge of the business and affairs of the Corporation; shall perform and do all acts and things incident to such position and such other duties as may be assigned from time to time by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee or the Chairman of the Board; in the absence of the Chairman of the Board and a Vice Chairman, shall preside at meetings of Directors; and in the absence of the Chairman of the Board shall preside at meetings of shareholders.
Section 5 — Vice Chairman : A Vice Chairman, if any, shall perform such of the duties of the Chairman of the Board or the President on behalf of the Corporation as may be respectively assigned from time to time by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board or the President; in the absence of the Chairman of the Board shall preside at meetings of Directors; and in the absence of the Chairman of the Board and the President shall preside at meetings of shareholders.
Section 6 — Vice Presidents : Vice Presidents, if any, shall perform such of the duties of the Chairman of the Board or the President or the Vice Chairman, if any, on behalf of the Corporation as may be respectively assigned to them from time to time by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice Chairman. The Board of Directors or Executive Committee may designate one or more of the Vice Presidents as Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President.
Section 7 — Controller : Subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President and the Vice President having


 

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general charge of accounting, the Controller, if any, shall have charge of the supervision of the accounting system of the Corporation, including the preparation and filing of all tax returns and financial reports required by law to be made to any and all public authorities and officials; and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned, from time to time, by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President, a Vice Chairman, if any, or Vice President having general charge of accounting.
Section 8 — Treasurer : It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to have the care and custody of all the funds and securities, including the investment thereof, of the Corporation which may come into Treasurer’s hands, and to endorse checks, drafts and other instruments for the payment of money for deposit or collection when necessary or proper and to deposit the same to the credit of the Corporation in such bank or banks or depository as may be designated, may endorse all commercial documents requiring endorsements for or on behalf of the Corporation, may sign all receipts and vouchers for the payments made to the Corporation, shall render an account of transactions to the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee as often as the Board or the Committee shall require, and shall perform all acts incident to the position of Treasurer, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President and a Vice Chairman, if any.
Section 9 — Secretary : The Secretary shall act as custodian of and record the minutes of all meetings of the Board of Directors, of the Executive Committee, of the shareholders and of any Committees of the Board of Directors which keep formal minutes; shall attend to the giving and serving of all notices of the Corporation; shall prepare or cause to be prepared the list of shareholders required to be produced at any meeting; shall attest the seal of the Corporation upon all contracts and instruments executed under such seal, shall affix or cause to be affixed the seal of the Corporation thereto and to all certificates of shares of the capital stock, shall have charge of the stock records of the Corporation, and shall, in general, perform all the duties of Secretary, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President and a Vice Chairman, if any.
Section 10 — General Counsel : The General Counsel, if any, shall have charge of all matters of a legal nature involving the Corporation.
Section 11 — Assistant Controllers, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers : An Assistant Controller, an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer, if any, shall, in the absence or inability to act or at the request of the Controller, Secretary or Treasurer, respectively, perform the duties of the Controller or Secretary or Treasurer, respectively, and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice Chairman, if any. The performance of any such duty shall be conclusive evidence of right to act.


 

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Section 12 — Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer : The Board of Directors or the Executive Committee may from time to time designate officers of the Corporation to be the Principal Financial Officer and the Principal Accounting Officer of the Corporation.
ARTICLE XI: STOCK
Section 1 — Certificated and Uncertificated Shares : The shares of stock of the Corporation may be either certificated shares or uncertificated shares or a combination thereof. A resolution approved by a majority of the directors may provide that some or all of any or all classes and series of the shares of the Corporation will be uncertificated shares. Every owner of certificated shares of the Corporation shall be entitled to a certificate, to be in such form as shall be prescribed by law, the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation or by these Bylaws. Each certificate shall be numbered and shall be entered on the stock records of the Corporation and registered as they are issued, and shall be signed, in the name of the Corporation, by the Chairman of the Board, Vice Chairman, if any, President or one of the Vice Presidents and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary; and shall be sealed with the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof, or by such officers as the Board of Directors may designate.
Section 2 — Facsimile Signatures : When a certificate is countersigned (1) by a transfer agent, or (2) by a transfer clerk acting on behalf of the Corporation and a registrar, the signatures of any such Chairman of the Board, Vice Chairman, if any, President, Vice President, Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, Secretary or Assistant Secretary may be facsimile. In case any officer or officers who have signed, or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used on any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be such officer or officers of the Corporation before such certificate or certificates have been delivered by the Corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be adopted by the Corporation and be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer or officers of the Corporation..
Section 3 — Stock — Preferred and Common : The designations, relative rights, preferences, limitations and voting powers, or restrictions, or qualifications of the shares of Preferred Stock and Common Stock shall be as set forth in the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation.
Section 4 — Replacing Certificates : In case of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any certificate of shares of stock and the submission of proper proof thereof, a new certificate may be issued in lieu thereof upon delivery to the Corporation by the owner or legal representative of a bond of indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of such alleged lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or such issuance of a new certificate.
Section 5 — Stock Records and Transfers of Stock : Transfers of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made by the transfer agent and registrar on the Books of the Corporation after receipt of a request with proper evidence of succession, assignment, or authority to transfer by the record holder of such stock, or by an attorney lawfully


 

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constituted in writing, and, in the case of stock represented by a certificate, upon surrender of the certificate duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer. Subject to the foregoing, the Board of Directors shall have power and authority to adopt resolutions as it shall deem necessary or appropriate concerning the issue, transfer, and registration of shares of stock of the Corporation, and to appoint and remove transfer agents and registrars of transfers.
The Board of Directors may fix a date preceding the date fixed for any meeting of the shareholders or any dividend payment date or the date for the allotment of rights or the date when any change, conversion or exchange of stock shall go into effect or the date for any other action, as the record date for the determination of the shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting or to receive payment of such dividend or to receive such allotment of rights or to exercise such rights in respect of any such change, conversion or exchange of stock or to take such other action, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of shares on the records of the Corporation or otherwise after any such record date fixed as aforesaid. The record date so fixed by the Board shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting of the shareholders, nor more than sixty (60) days before any other action. If the Board of Directors does not fix a date of record, as aforesaid, the record date shall be as provided by law.
Section 6 — Registered Shareholders : The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and assessments a person so registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by applicable statute.
ARTICLE XII: AUTHORIZED SIGNATURES
Section 1 — Authorized Signatures : All checks, drafts and other negotiable instruments issued by the Corporation shall be made in the name of the Corporation and shall be signed manually or signed by facsimile signature by such one of the officers of the Corporation or such other person as the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the President or the Treasurer may from time to time designate.
ARTICLE XIII: INSURANCE
Section 1 — Insurance : The Corporation may purchase and maintain liability insurance, to the full extent permitted by law, on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity.


 

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ARTICLE XIV: AMENDMENTS OF BYLAWS
Section 1 — Amendments, How Effected : These Bylaws may be amended or repealed, or new Bylaws may be adopted, either by the majority vote of the votes cast by the shareholders entitled to vote thereon or by the majority vote of the Directors then in office at any meeting of the Directors.
Amended and Restated
August 10, 2007

 

Exhibit (3)(d)
CONSUMERS ENERGY COMPANY
BYLAWS
ARTICLE I: LOCATION OF OFFICES
Section 1 — Registered Office : The registered office of Consumers Energy Company, (the “Company”) shall be at such place in the City of Jackson, County of Jackson, Michigan, or elsewhere in the State of Michigan, as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
Section 2 — Other Offices : The Company may have and maintain other offices within or without the State of Michigan.
ARTICLE II: CORPORATE SEAL
Section 1 — Corporate Seal : The Company shall have a corporate seal bearing the name of the Company. The form of the corporate seal may be altered by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE III: FISCAL YEAR
Section 1 — Fiscal Year : The fiscal year of the Company shall begin with the first day of January and end with the thirty-first day of December of each year.
ARTICLE IV: SHAREHOLDERS’ MEETINGS
Section 1 — Annual Meetings : An annual meeting of the shareholders for election of Directors and for such other business as may come before the meeting shall be held at the registered office of the Company or at such other place within or without the State of Michigan, at 10:00 AM, Eastern Daylight Saving Time, or at such other time on the fourth Friday in May of each year or upon such other date as the Board of Directors may designate, but in no event shall such date be more than ninety (90) days after the fourth Friday in May.
Section 2 — Special Meetings : Special meetings of the shareholders may be called by the Board of Directors or by the Chairman of the Board. Such meetings shall be held at the registered office of the Company or at such other place within or without the State of Michigan as the Board of Directors may designate.
Section 3 — Notices : Except as otherwise provided by law, written notice of any meeting of the shareholders shall be given, either personally or by mail to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting, not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days prior to the date of the meeting, at their last known address as the same appears on the stock records of the Company. Written notice shall be considered given when deposited, with postage thereon prepaid, in a post office or official depository


 

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under the control of the United States postal service. Such notice shall specify the time and place of holding the meeting, the purpose or purposes for which such meeting is called, and the record date fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting. The Board of Directors shall fix a record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of shareholders, which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting. Such record date shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board of Directors shall fix a new record date for purposes of the adjourned meeting.
     No notice of an adjourned meeting shall be necessary if the time and place to which the meeting is adjourned are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting only such business may be transacted as might have been transacted at the original meeting. If, after an adjournment, the Board of Directors shall fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be mailed, in conformity with the provisions of the first paragraph of this Section 3, to each shareholder of record on the new record date entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting.
Section 4 — Quorum : Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, the holders of the shares of stock of the Company entitled to cast a majority of the votes at a meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the meeting, but a lesser number may convene any meeting and, by a majority vote of the shares present at the meeting, may adjourn the same from time to time until a quorum shall be present.
Section 5 — Voting : Shareholders may vote at all meetings in person or by proxy, but all proxies shall be filed with the Secretary of the meeting before being voted upon.
     The voting powers of the shares of Preferred Stock, Class A Preferred Stock, Preference Stock and Common Stock shall be as provided by law or set forth in the Articles of Incorporation of the Company.
Section 6 — Inspectors : In advance of any meeting of shareholders the Board of Directors shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. The inspectors shall have such powers and duties as are provided by law.
ARTICLE V: DIRECTORS
Section 1 — Number : The Board of Directors of the Company shall consist of not less than seven (7) nor more than seventeen (17) members, as fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 2 — Election : The Directors shall be elected annually at the annual meeting of the shareholders or at any adjournment thereof.


 

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Section 3 — Term of Office : Subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation of the Company and unless otherwise provided by law, the Directors shall hold office from the date of their election until the next succeeding annual meeting and until their successors are elected and shall qualify.
Section 4 — Vacancies : Any vacancy or vacancies in the Board of Directors arising from any cause may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors then in office although less than a quorum. An increase in the number of members shall be construed as creating a vacancy.
ARTICLE VI: DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS
Section 1 — Organization Meeting : As soon as possible after their election, the Board of Directors shall meet and organize and may also transact other business.
Section 2 — Other Meetings : Meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time upon call of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary made at the direction of the Chairman of the Board, the President, a Vice Chairman, if any, or a Vice President.
Section 3 — Place of Meeting : All meetings of Directors shall be held at such place within or without the State of Michigan as may be designated in the call therefor.
Section 4 — Notice : A reasonable notice of all meetings, in writing or otherwise, shall be given to each Director or sent to the Director’s residence or place of business; provided, however, that no notice shall be required for an organization meeting if held on the same day as the shareholders’ meeting at which the Directors were elected.
No notice of the holding of an adjourned meeting shall be necessary.
Notice of all meetings shall specify the time and place of holding the meeting and unless otherwise stated any and all business may be transacted at any such meeting.
Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting may be waived in writing either before or after the holding thereof.
Section 5 — Quorum : At all meetings of the Board of Directors a majority of the Board then in office shall constitute a quorum but a majority of the Directors present may convene and adjourn any such meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present; provided, that if the Board shall consist of ten (10) and not more than fifteen (15), then five (5) members shall constitute a quorum; and if the Board shall consist of more than fifteen (15), then seven (7) members shall constitute a quorum.
Section 6 — Voting : All questions coming before any meeting of the Board of Directors for action shall be decided by a majority vote of the Directors present at such meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation of the Company or by these Bylaws.


 

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Section 7 — Participation by Communications Equipment : A Director or a member of a Committee designated by the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
Section 8 — Action Without Meeting : Any action required or permitted to be taken pursuant to authorization voted at a meeting of the Board of Directors or a Committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if, before or after the action, all members of the Board or of the Committee consent thereto in writing. The written consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board or Committee, and the consents shall have the same effect as a vote of the Board or Committee for all purposes.
ARTICLE VII: EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMITTEES
Section 1 — Number and Qualifications : By resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, the Board of Directors may from time to time designate one or more of their number to constitute an Executive or any other Committee of the Board, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine to be desirable, and may fix the number of members and designate the Chairperson of each such Committee, except that the Audit Committee shall consist of not less than three outside members of the Board of Directors. Except as provided by law, the powers of each such Committee shall be as defined in the resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors relating to the authorizations of such Committee, and may include, if such resolution or resolutions so provide, the power and authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of shares of stock of the Company.
Section 2 — Appointment : The appointment of members of each such Committee, or other action respecting any Committee, may take place at any meeting of the Directors.
Section 3 — Term of Office : The members of each Committee shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.
Section 4 — Vacancies : Any vacancy or vacancies in any such Committee arising from any cause shall be filled by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors. By like vote the Board may designate one or more Directors to serve as alternate members of a Committee, who may replace an absent or disqualified member at a meeting of a Committee; provided, however, in the absence or disqualification of a member of a Committee, the members of the Committee present at a meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act in the place of the absent or disqualified member.
Section 5 — Minutes : Except as provided in Section 2 of Article X hereof or as otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, each such Committee shall make a written report or recommendation following its meetings or keep minutes of all its meetings.


 

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Section 6 — Quorum : At all meetings of any duly authorized Committee of the Board of Directors, a majority of the members of such Committee shall constitute a quorum but a majority of the members present may convene and adjourn any such meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present; provided, that with respect to any Committee of the Board other than the Executive Committee, if the membership of such Committee is four (4) or less, then two (2) members of such Committee shall constitute a quorum and one member may convene and adjourn any such meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present.
ARTICLE VIII: OFFICERS
Section 1 — Election : The officers shall be chosen by the Board of Directors. The Company shall have a Chairman of the Board, a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, and such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine, who shall have respectively such duties and authority as may be provided by these Bylaws or as may be provided by resolution of the Board of Directors not inconsistent herewith. Any two (2) or more of such offices may be held by the same person but no officer shall execute, acknowledge or verify any instrument in more than one capacity if such instrument is required by law, by the Articles of Incorporation of the Company or by these Bylaws to be executed, acknowledged or verified by two (2) or more officers.
Section 2 — Qualifications : The Chairman of the Board and Vice Chairman, if any, shall be chosen from among the Board of Directors, but the other officers need not be members of the Board.
Section 3 — Vacancies : Any vacancy or vacancies among the officers arising from any cause shall be filled by the Board of Directors. In case of the absence of any officer of the Company or for any other reason that the Board of Directors may deem sufficient, the Board of Directors may delegate, for the time being, the powers or duties, or any of them, of any officer to any other officer or to any Director.
Section 4 — Term of Office : Each officer of the Company shall hold office until the officer’s successor is chosen and qualified, or until the officer’s resignation or removal. Any officer appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors with or without cause.
Section 5 — Compensation : The compensation of the officers shall be fixed by a committee of the Board of Directors composed of independent directors as defined by applicable law and regulation.
ARTICLE IX: AGENTS
Section 1 — Resident Agent : The Company shall have and continuously maintain a resident agent, which may be either an individual resident in the State of Michigan whose business office is identical with the Company’s registered office or a Michigan corporation or a foreign corporation authorized to transact business in Michigan and having a business office identical with the Company’s registered office. The Board of Directors shall appoint the resident agent.


 

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Section 2 — Other Agents : The Board of Directors may appoint such other agents as may in their judgment be necessary for the proper conduct of the business of the Company.
ARTICLE X: POWERS AND DUTIES
Section 1 — Directors : The business and affairs of the Company shall be managed by the Board of Directors which shall have and exercise all of the powers and authority of the Company except as otherwise provided by law, by the Articles of Incorporation of the Company or by these Bylaws.
Section 2 — Executive Committee : In the interim between meetings of the Board of Directors the Executive Committee shall have and exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors except as otherwise provided by law. The Executive Committee shall meet from time to time on the call of the Chairman of the Board or the Chairman of the Committee. The Secretary shall keep minutes in sufficient detail to advise fully the Board of Directors of the actions taken by the Committee and shall submit copies of such minutes to the Board of Directors for its approval or other action at its next meeting.
Section 3 — Chairman of the Board : The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of Directors and shareholders; shall perform and do all acts and things incident to the position of Chairman of the Board; and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee.
Section 4 — Chief Executive Officer : The Chief Executive Officer, subject to the supervision of the Board of Directors and of the Executive Committee, shall have general charge of the business and affairs of the Company. Unless otherwise provided by the Board or the Executive Committee, the Chief Executive Officer shall have full power and authority on behalf of the Company to execute any shareholder, member or partnership consents and to attend and act and to vote in person or by proxy at any meetings of shareholders, members or partners of any entity in which the Company may own stock or an interest and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all the rights and powers incident to the ownership of such stock or interest and which, as the owner thereof, the Company might have possessed and exercised if present. If the Chief Executive Officer shall not exercise such powers, or in the absence or inability to act of the Chief Executive Officer, the President may exercise such powers. In the absence or inability to act of the President, a Vice Chairman, if any, may exercise such powers. In the absence or inability to act of a Vice Chairman, any Vice President may exercise such powers. The Board of Directors or Executive Committee by resolution from time to time may confer like powers upon any other person or persons. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board and a Vice Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at meetings of Directors. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at meetings of shareholders.
Section 5 — President : The President shall be the chief operating officer of the Company and shall perform and do all acts and things incident to such position; and shall perform


 

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such other duties as may be assigned from time to time by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer.
Section 6 — Vice Chairman : The Vice Chairman, if any, shall perform such of the duties of the Chairman of the Board or the President on behalf of the Company as may be respectively assigned from time to time by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board or the President. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman shall preside at meetings of Directors. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board and the President, the Vice Chairman shall preside at meetings of shareholders.
Section 7 — Vice Presidents : Vice Presidents, if any, shall perform such of the duties of the Chairman of the Board or the President or the Vice Chairman, if any, on behalf of the Company as may be respectively assigned from time to time by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice Chairman. The Board of Directors or Executive Committee may designate one or more of the Vice Presidents as Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President.
Section 8 — Controller : Subject to the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President and the Vice President having general charge of accounting, the Controller, if any, shall have charge of the supervision of the accounting system of the Company, including the preparation and filing of all tax returns and financial reports required by law to be made to any and all public authorities and officials; and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned, from time to time, by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President, a Vice Chairman, if any, or Vice President having general charge of accounting.
Section 9 — Treasurer : It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to have the care and custody of all the funds and securities, including the investment thereof, of the Company which may come into the Treasurer’s hands, and to endorse checks, drafts and other instruments for the payment of money for deposit or collection when necessary or proper and to deposit the same to the credit of the Company in such bank or banks or depository as the Treasurer may designate, and the Treasurer may endorse all commercial documents requiring endorsements for or on behalf of the Company. The Treasurer may sign all receipts and vouchers for the payments made to the Company; shall render an account of transactions to the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee as often as the Board or the Committee shall require; and shall perform all acts incident to the position of Treasurer, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President and a Vice Chairman, if any.
Section 10 — Secretary : The Secretary shall act as custodian of and record the minutes of all meetings of the Board of Directors, of the Executive Committee, of the shareholders and of any Committees of the Board of Directors which keep formal minutes; shall attend to the giving and serving of all notices of the Company; shall prepare or cause to be prepared the list of shareholders required to be produced at any meeting; shall attest the seal of the Company upon all contracts and instruments executed under such seal


 

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and shall affix or cause to be affixed the seal of the Company thereto and to all certificates of shares of the capital stock; shall have charge of the stock records of the Company and such other books and papers as the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice Chairman, if any, may direct; and shall, in general, perform all the duties of Secretary, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President and a Vice Chairman, if any.
Section 11 — General Counsel : The General Counsel, if any, shall have charge of all matters of a legal nature involving the Company.
Section 12 — Assistant Controllers, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers : An Assistant Controller, an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer, if any, shall, in the absence or inability to act or at the request of the Controller, Secretary or Treasurer, respectively, perform the duties of the Controller or Secretary or Treasurer, respectively, and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice Chairman, if any. The performance of any such duty shall be conclusive evidence of their right to act.
Section 13 — Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer : The Board of Directors or the Executive Committee may from time to time designate officers of the Company to be the Principal Financial Officer and the Principal Accounting Officer of the Company.
ARTICLE XI: STOCK
Section 1 — Certificated and Uncertificated Shares : The shares of stock of the Corporation may be either certificated shares or uncertificated shares or a combination thereof. A resolution approved by a majority of the directors may provide that some or all of any or all classes and series of the shares of the Company will be uncertificated shares. Every owner of certificated shares of the Company shall be entitled to a certificate, to be in such form as shall be prescribed by law, the Articles of Incorporation of the Company or by these Bylaws. Each certificate shall be numbered and shall be entered on the stock records of the Company and registered as they are issued, and shall be signed, in the name of the Company, by the Chairman of the Board, Vice Chairman, if any, President or one of the Vice Presidents and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary; and shall be sealed with the seal of the Company or a facsimile thereof, or by such officers as the Board of Directors may designate.
Section 2 — Facsimile Signatures : When a certificate is countersigned (1) by a transfer agent, or (2) by a transfer clerk acting on behalf of the Company and a registrar, the signatures of any such Chairman of the Board, Vice Chairman, if any, President, Vice President, Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, Secretary or Assistant Secretary may be facsimile. In case any officer or officers who have signed, or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used on any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be


 

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such officer or officers of the Company before such certificate or certificates have been delivered by the Company, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be adopted by the Company and be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer or officers of the Company..
Section 3 — Stock — Preferred, Class A Preferred, Preference and Common : The designations, relative rights, preferences, limitations and voting powers, or restrictions, or qualifications of the shares of Preferred Stock, Class A Preferred Stock, Preference Stock and Common Stock shall be as set forth in the Articles of Incorporation of the Company.
Section 4 — Replacing Certificates : In case of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any certificate of shares of stock and the submission of proper proof thereof, a new certificate may be issued in lieu thereof upon delivery to the Company by the owner or legal representative of a bond of indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Company on account of such alleged lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or such issuance of a new certificate.
Section 5 — Stock Records and Transfers of Stock : Transfers of shares of stock of the Company shall be made by the transfer agent and registrar on the Books of the Company after receipt of a request with proper evidence of succession, assignment, or authority to transfer by the record holder of such stock, or by an attorney lawfully constituted in writing, and, in the case of stock represented by a certificate, upon surrender of the certificate duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer. Subject to the foregoing, the Board of Directors shall have power and authority to adopt resolutions as it shall deem necessary or appropriate concerning the issue, transfer, and registration of shares of stock of the Corporation, and to appoint and remove transfer agents and registrars of transfers.
The Board of Directors may fix a date preceding the date fixed for any meeting of the shareholders or any dividend payment date or the date for the allotment of rights or the date when any change, conversion or exchange of stock shall go into effect or the date for any other action, as the record date for the determination of the shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting or to receive payment of such dividend or to receive such allotment of rights or to exercise such rights in respect of any such change, conversion or exchange of stock or to take such other action, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of shares on the records of the Company or otherwise after any such record date fixed as aforesaid. The record date so fixed by the Board shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting of the shareholders, nor more than sixty (60) days before any other action. If the Board of Directors does not fix a date of record, as aforesaid, the record date shall be as provided by law.
Section 6 — Registered Shareholders : The Company shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and assessments a person so registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be


 

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bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by applicable statute.
ARTICLE XII: AUTHORIZED SIGNATURES
Section 1 — Authorized Signatures : All checks, drafts and other negotiable instruments issued by the Company shall be made in the name of the Company and shall be signed manually or signed by facsimile signature by such one of the officers of the Company or such other person as the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, President or the Treasurer may from time to time designate.
ARTICLE XIII: INSURANCE
Section 1 — Insurance : The Company may purchase and maintain liability insurance, to the full extent permitted by law, on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity.
ARTICLE XIV: AMENDMENTS OF BYLAWS
Section 1 — Amendments, How Effected : These Bylaws may be amended or repealed, or new Bylaws may be adopted, either by the majority vote of the votes cast by the shareholders entitled to vote thereon or by the majority vote of the Directors then in office at any meeting of the Directors.
Amended and Restated
August 10, 2007

 

 

Exhibit (10)(a)
INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
     This Indemnification Agreement (“ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of                                           , by and between CMS ENERGY CORPORATION , a Michigan corporation (the “ Corporation ”), and                      , a director of the Corporation (the “ Indemnitee ”). The Corporation and the Indemnitee are sometimes individually referred to herein as a “ Party ” and collectively as the “ Parties .”
RECITALS
     A. The Michigan Business Corporation Act, 284 PA 1972, MCL 450.1101- 450.2099 (the “ MBCA ”), provides that directors may be entitled to indemnification and advancement of expenses rights pursuant to contractual agreements.
     B. In addition to the indemnification to which the Indemnitee is entitled under the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation (the “ Articles ”) or Bylaws of the Corporation (the “ Bylaws ”), or granted pursuant to various Board resolutions, in effect from time to time, the Corporation has obtained at its sole expense liability insurance protecting its directors, including the Indemnitee, against certain losses arising out of actual or threatened actions, suits or proceedings to which such persons may be made or threatened to be made parties.
     C. Because of the increasing exposure to the risks of litigation and the need to attract, and the difficulty of attracting, qualified candidates to serve as directors, the Corporation has deemed it appropriate to enter into this Agreement with the Indemnitee.
     D. The Indemnitee is presently serving as a director of the Corporation, and the Corporation desires the Indemnitee to continue in such capacity. The Indemnitee is willing, subject to certain conditions, including, without limitation, the execution and performance of this Agreement by the Corporation, to continue in that capacity.
     E. The Parties agree that this Agreement will apply prospectively to Proceedings (as defined herein) arising after the date of this Agreement, and that it is the intent of the Parties to provide the Indemnitee with the broadest possible indemnification.
     Accordingly, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth in this Agreement, the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Corporation and Indemnitee agree as follows:

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      1.  Definitions . For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:
     (a) “Advancement of Expenses” or to “Advance Expenses” shall refer to the payment of Expenses in connection with a Proceeding prior to an ultimate determination whether the Indemnitee has met any applicable standard of conduct.
     (b) “ Agreement ” shall mean this Indemnification Agreement, including the Preamble, Recitals, and Exhibit.
     (c) “ Articles ” shall have the meaning set forth in Recital B.
     (d) “ Board ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(b)(i).
     (e) “ Bylaws ” shall have the meaning set forth in Recital B. (f) “Corporation” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
     (g) “ Expenses ” shall mean any costs or expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with a Proceeding, including but not limited to, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties, attorney fees, expert and witness fees, expenses of investigations, expenses of appeals, expenses of bonds, court costs, expenses of arbitration and mediation, and any other cost or expense reasonably related to a Proceeding.
     (h) References to “ fines ” shall include any excise or other taxes assessed on Indemnitee with respect to any employee benefit plan or otherwise.
     (i) “ Indemnification ” (and correspondingly “indemnity” and “indemnify”) shall refer to the payment of Expenses in connection with a Proceeding as set forth in this Agreement following an ultimate determination that any applicable standard of conduct has been met.
     (j) “ Indemnitee ” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
     (k) “ MBCA ” shall have the meaning set forth in Recital A.
     (l) “ Party ” or “ Parties ” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
     (m) “ Payment Request ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(a).
     (n) “Payment Time Limit” shall mean 65 days after a Payment Request, except if a regularly scheduled Board of Directors’ meeting is not scheduled to occur within 60 days after a payment request, then the Payment Time Limit shall be within 5 days after the date of the next meeting of the Board of Directors after the Payment Request not to exceed 100 days after the Payment Request.

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     (o) “ Proceeding ” shall mean any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative; whether formal or informal; and whether or not by or in the right of the Corporation, as to which Indemnitee is or may become a party or witness, by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee is or was a director of the Corporation or which relates to the Indemnitee’s service as a director of the Corporation, including but not limited to, court proceedings, arbitrations, alternative dispute resolution proceedings, administrative proceedings, any other type of judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, or any such proceeding to enforce Indemnitee’s rights hereunder.
     (p) “ Shareholders ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(b)(v).
      2.  Continued Service . The Indemnitee agrees to continue to serve the Corporation as a director in consideration of the personal liability protections granted by the Corporation to the Indemnitee herein; provided , however, that nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a contract of employment or designation of directorship between the Corporation and the Indemnitee; and provided further , that the Indemnitee shall serve as a director so long as the Indemnitee is duly nominated, elected and qualified in accordance with applicable requirements or until the Indemnitee resigns. The Corporation is under no obligation to renominate an Indemnitee entering into this Agreement.
      3.  Indemnity .
     (a) Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses . Unless prohibited by law, the Corporation shall indemnify the Indemnitee against Expenses and shall Advance Expenses to the maximum extent when the Indemnitee was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party or a witness in a Proceeding. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not create a presumption that the Indemnitee failed to satisfy the applicable standard of conduct required by law for indemnification or Advancement of Expenses.
     (b) Determination and Evaluation . Any indemnification or Advancement of Expenses under Section 3(a) (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation within the time specified in Section 4(a), upon a determination that the Indemnitee satisfies the applicable standard of conduct, if any, and upon an evaluation of the reasonableness of Expenses. Such determination and evaluation shall be made:
     (i) by a majority vote of a quorum of the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board ”) consisting of directors who are not parties or threatened to be made parties to such Proceeding;
     (ii) if such a quorum is not obtainable, by a majority vote of a committee duly designated by the Board consisting solely of two or more directors not at the time parties or threatened to be made parties to such Proceeding;

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     (iii) by independent legal counsel (designated in the manner provided below in this subsection (b)) in a written opinion;
     (iv) by all independent directors (as defined in Section 107(3) of the MBCA) who are not parties to such Proceeding; or
     (v) by the shareholders of the Corporation (the “ Shareholders ”), but shares held by directors, officers, employees or agents who are parties or threatened to be made parties to such Proceeding may not be voted.
Independent legal counsel shall be designated by the Board or its committee in the manner prescribed in Section 3(b)(i) or 3(b)(ii); provided , however , that if a quorum of the Board cannot be obtained under Section 3(b)(i) and a committee cannot be designated under Section 3(b)(ii), designation of independent legal counsel shall be made by the Board. In the designation of a committee under Section 3(b)(ii) or the selection of independent legal counsel by the Board, all directors may participate. The time limits set forth in Section 4(a) shall govern the process of the determination and evaluation set forth in this Section.
     (c)  Presumption of Reasonableness . For purposes of this Agreement, legal fees and expenses which are incurred upon the advice of legal counsel shall be presumed reasonable. Under the terms of this Agreement, Indemnitee shall have the right to legal counsel of his or her choosing. The hourly rate of counsel chosen by Indemnitee shall be presumed reasonable so long as the hourly rate of such counsel is customary for such counsel, notwithstanding that the rate may be higher than the rate of other attorneys with comparable skills.
     (d)  Partial Indemnification . If the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or Advancement of Expenses under Section 3(a) for a portion of Expenses, but not for the total amount, the Corporation shall indemnify and Advance Expenses to the Indemnitee for the portion of the Expenses to which the Indemnitee is entitled.
     (e)  Modification of Indemnitee’s Rights . The Indemnitee’s rights to indemnification and Advancement of Expenses pursuant to the Articles, Bylaws or resolutions of the Board in effect as of the date of this Agreement, or any future modification of such Articles, Bylaws or resolutions which expands the rights of Indemnitee, are incorporated in this Agreement. In the event that the Corporation adopts any amendment to the Articles, Bylaws or resolutions, or adopts a new resolution, which effect is to deny, diminish or encumber the Indemnitee’s rights to indemnification or Advancement of Expenses, such amendment or new resolution shall not diminish the rights of Indemnitee pursuant to this Agreement and shall be deemed to be invalid and of no force and effect to reduce Indemnitee’s rights hereunder.
     (f) To the extent any action or inaction of Indemnitee is based upon the books and records of the Corporation, including financial statements, or upon information supplied to Indemnitee by officers of the Corporation or its counsel, auditors, or experts, then such action or inaction shall be conclusively deemed to be in good faith for purposes

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of this Agreement, provided that the foregoing shall not be deemed to be exclusive tests of good faith.
      4.  Procedures Relating to Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses .
     (a)  Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses . For purposes of pursuing the Indemnitee’s rights to indemnification and Advancement of Expenses under Section 3(a) hereof, the Indemnitee shall submit a request (“ Payment Request ”) by means of the following: (i) a signed request, substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto and made a part hereof, averring that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification and/or Advancement of Expenses hereunder; and (ii) evidence in customary or reasonable form of all Expenses for which payment is requested. In the event Indemnitee is submitting a Payment Request after having previously submitted such a request concerning the same Proceeding, Indemnitee may refer to and rely upon the previously submitted Payment Request, and merely supplement evidence of Expenses for which payment is sought. Any such supplement of Expenses shall be treated as a new Payment Request for purposes of the time limits set forth in this Section. Within the Payment Time Limit, the Corporation shall decide the extent to which Indemnitee is entitled to payment of Expenses and submit payment accordingly; provided , however , that if the Corporation should fail to decide within the Payment Time Limit it shall submit payment in accordance with the Payment Request. In making its decision hereunder, the Corporation shall use the procedures set forth in Section 3(b) hereof. In the event the Indemnitee disagrees with the Corporation’s decision made within such Payment Time Limit, he/she may seek judicial relief pursuant to Section 9 of this Agreement.
     (b) At the conclusion of the Proceeding, if it is ultimately determined that Indemnitee was not legally entitled to receive all or a portion of Expenses previously paid by the Corporation, then, subject to Indemnitee’s rights to dispute the Corporation’s findings pursuant to Section 9, Indemnitee shall promptly repay to the Corporation any amounts to which Indemnitee was not legally entitled.
     (c) The provisions of this Section are procedural only and are in addition to any other procedures that may be available by law to Indemnitee to recover indemnification or Advancement of Expenses to which Indemnitee may be entitled pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof or otherwise.
     (d) Notwithstanding any other provision herein, upon application to a court by the Indemnitee and a determination of such court that the Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification or Advancement of Expenses, the Corporation shall pay to the Indemnitee the amount so ordered by the court.
     (e) No security shall be required of any Indemnitee in connection with any Indemnification and/or Advancement of Expenses hereunder.
     (f) The Corporation may, but shall not be required to, create a trust fund, grant a security interest or use other means, including a letter of credit, to ensure the

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     payment of such amounts as may be necessary to satisfy its obligations to indemnify and Advance Expenses pursuant to this Agreement.
      5.  Liability Insurance and Funding .
     (a) Unless otherwise agreed by Indemnitee, for the duration of Indemnitee’s service as a director of the Corporation, and thereafter for so long as Indemnitee shall be subject to any pending or possible Proceeding for which indemnification may be provided hereunder, the Corporation shall use commercially reasonable efforts (taking into account the scope and amount of coverage available relative to the cost thereof) to cause to be maintained in effect policies of directors’ liability insurance providing coverage for directors of the Corporation that is at least substantially comparable in scope and amount to that provided by the Corporation’s current policies of directors’ liability insurance; provided , if a lesser amount of insurance coverage would provide Indemnitee adequate protection for any actual or potential Proceeding (without regard to any contribution that the Corporation might be able to provide from its own funds in the absence of insurance coverage), the Corporation may arrange for such adequate insurance coverage, with the consent of Indemnitee, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
     (b) In all policies of directors’ liability insurance obtained by the Corporation, Indemnitee shall be named as an insured in such a manner as to provide Indemnitee the same rights and benefits, subject to the same limitations, as are accorded to the Corporation’s directors most favorably insured by such policy.
     (c) If, at the time of receipt of any notice of a Proceeding, the Corporation has directors’ liability insurance in effect, the Corporation shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such proceeding to the liability insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies. A copy of such notice shall be provided to Indemnitee. The Corporation shall take all necessary or appropriate action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies. Upon the request of the Indemnitee, the Corporation shall provide to Indemnitee a copy of all insurance policies which provide coverage or potential coverage to Indemnitee relating to a Proceeding.
      6.  Notification of Action . Promptly after receipt by Indemnitee of notice of any Proceeding, Indemnitee will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the Corporation under this Agreement, notify the Corporation of the commencement thereof; but the failure to so notify the Corporation will not relieve it from any liability that it may have to Indemnitee unless, and to the extent that, the Corporation is actually prejudiced thereby.
      7.  Defense and Settlement of Claims . The Corporation shall be entitled to participate in the defense of any Proceeding for which indemnification is provided hereunder or to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnitee; provided that if Indemnitee believes, after consultation with counsel selected by Indemnitee, that (a) in the event the Corporation assumes the defense of a Proceeding, the use of counsel chosen by the Corporation to represent Indemnitee would or does present such counsel with an actual or

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potential conflict, (b) the named parties in any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Corporation and Indemnitee and Indemnitee concludes that there may be one or more legal defenses available to him or her that are different from or in addition to those available to the Corporation or such other parties, (c) any such representation by such counsel would be precluded under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, or (d) the Corporation has not actively defended the Indemnitee after assuming the defense in a Proceeding, then Indemnitee shall be entitled to retain separate counsel (but not more than one law firm plus, if applicable, local counsel in respect of any particular Proceeding) at the Corporation’s expense. The Corporation shall not be liable to Indemnitee under this Agreement for any amounts paid by Indemnitee in settlement of any Proceeding effected without the Corporation’s prior consent. The Corporation shall not, without the prior consent of the Indemnitee, effect any settlement of any Proceeding to which the Indemnitee is, or could have been, a party unless such settlement (i) solely involves the payment of money by the Corporation, (ii) includes a complete and unconditional release of the Indemnitee from all liability on any claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding and (iii) imposes no obligation on the Indemnitee, including without limitation, by way of an order or injunction. Neither the Corporation nor Indemnitee shall unreasonably withhold its consent to any proposed settlement; provided that Indemnitee may withhold consent to any settlement that does not provide a complete and unconditional release of Indemnitee.
      8.  Subrogation, Duplication and Set Off of Payments .
     (a) Subrogation . In the event of payment by the Corporation to the Indemnitee under this Agreement, the Corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Indemnitee, who shall, at the Corporation’s expense, execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be reasonably necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to enable the Corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
     (b) Duplication . The Corporation shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment in connection with any claim made against the Indemnitee to the extent the Indemnitee has actually received payment (under any insurance policy, the Articles, the Bylaws or otherwise) of the amounts otherwise payable hereunder.
     (c) Set Off . Any payments due to the Indemnitee under this Agreement shall not be subject to set off by the Corporation.
      9.  Enforcement and Interpretation .
     (a) If a Payment Request pursuant to Section 4(a) hereof is not paid in full by the Corporation within the Payment Time Limit, the Indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim.
     (b) In any action under this Agreement, it shall be a defense to a claim for indemnification or Advancement of Expenses pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof that the Indemnitee has not met the standards of conduct, as applicable, which make it permissible for the Corporation to indemnify or Advance Expenses to the Indemnitee for

7


 

the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense and going forward with evidence shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including the Board, independent legal counsel or the Shareholders) to have made a determination prior to commencement of such action that indemnification of, or Advancement of Expenses to, the Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including the Board, independent legal counsel or the Shareholders) that the Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct, nor shall such determination or the failure to make it be admitted into evidence by the Corporation in such action except to rebut an assertion by Indemnitee that the Corporation failed to make a determination required by this Agreement. It is the intent of the Parties to this Agreement to provide the broadest possible indemnification (not prohibited by law) to the Indemnitee and the Agreement shall be interpreted in accordance with that intent. Any ambiguities in this Agreement are intended by the Parties to be interpreted in favor of Indemnitee. For purposes of determining Indemnitee’s rights hereunder, Indemnitee shall be presumed to have met any applicable standard of conduct required for Indemnification and/or advancement and such presumption may overcome only by clear and convincing evidence to the contrary.
     (c) It is the intent of the Corporation that the Indemnitee not be required to incur Expenses associated with the enforcement of the Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement by litigation or other legal action because the cost and expense thereof would substantially detract from the benefits intended to be extended to the Indemnitee hereunder. Accordingly, if it should appear to the Indemnitee that the Corporation has failed to comply with any of its obligations under the Agreement or in the event that the Corporation or any other person takes any action to declare this Agreement void or unenforceable, or institutes any action, suit or proceeding designed to deny, or to recover from, the Indemnitee the benefits intended to be provided to the Indemnitee hereunder, or having the effect thereof, the Corporation irrevocably authorizes the Indemnitee from time to time to retain counsel of the Indemnitee’s choice, at the expense of the Corporation, to represent the Indemnitee in connection with the initiation or defense of any litigation or other legal action, whether by or against the Corporation or any director, officer, shareholder or other person affiliated with the Corporation to enforce the Indemnitee’s rights hereunder. Regardless of the outcome thereof, the Corporation shall pay and be solely responsible for any and all Expenses, reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee (i) as a result of the Corporation’s failure to perform its obligations pursuant to this Agreement, (ii) as a result of the Corporation or any person contesting the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any provision thereof as aforesaid, or (iii) as otherwise contemplated in this subsection.
      10.  Merger or Consolidation . In the event that the Corporation shall be a constituent corporation in a consolidation, merger or other reorganization, the Corporation, if it shall not be the surviving, resulting or acquiring corporation therein, shall require as a condition thereto the surviving, resulting or acquiring corporation to agree to indemnify the Indemnitee to the full extent provided in this Agreement. Whether or not the Corporation is the resulting,

8


 

surviving or acquiring corporation in any such transaction, the Indemnitee shall also stand in the same position under this Agreement with respect to the resulting, surviving or acquiring corporation as the Indemnitee would have with respect to the Corporation if its separate existence had continued.
      11.  Nonexclusivity and Severability .
     (a) Nonexclusivity . The right to indemnification provided by this Agreement shall not be exclusive of any other rights to which the Indemnitee may be entitled under the Articles, Bylaws, the MBCA, resolutions, any other statute, insurance policy, agreement, vote of Shareholders or of directors or otherwise, both as to actions in the Indemnitee’s official capacity and as to actions in another capacity while holding such office.
     (b) Severability . If any provision of this Agreement or the application of any provision hereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, unenforceable or otherwise illegal, the remainder of this Agreement and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected, and shall be enforced to the fullest extent permissible, and the provision so held to be invalid, unenforceable or otherwise illegal shall be reformed to the extent (and only to the extent) necessary to make it enforceable, valid and legal.
      12.  Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Michigan, without giving effect to the principles of conflict of laws thereof.
      13.  Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
      14.  Notices . All notices, demands, requests and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered by hand or when mailed by United States certified or registered mail with postage prepaid addressed as follows:
     (a)  Indemnitee . If to the Indemnitee, to the address set forth by the Indemnitee on the signature page of this Agreement or to such other person or address as the Indemnitee shall furnish to the Corporation pursuant to this Section.
     (b)  Corporation . If to the Corporation, to the attention of the officer signing this Agreement on behalf of the Corporation at the address set forth on the signature page of this Agreement (with a copy to the Corporation’s Corporate Secretary, One Energy Plaza, Jackson, Michigan 49201) or to such other person or address as the Corporation shall furnish to the Indemnitee pursuant to this Section.
      15.  Modification and Survival . Subject to Section 11(a) hereof, this Agreement contains the entire agreement of the Parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersedes

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any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written with respect to any Proceeding that has not been formally initiated through the filing of a Complaint or similar action prior to the date hereof. This Agreement may be modified only by an instrument signed by both Parties hereto. The provisions of this Agreement shall survive the death, disability, or incapacity of the Indemnitee or the termination of the Indemnitee’s service as a director of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the Indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators.
      16.  Assignment . This Agreement is personal in nature and neither Party shall, without the consent of the other Party, assign or delegate this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Without limiting the generality or effect of the foregoing, Indemnitee’s right to receive payments hereunder shall not be assignable, whether by pledge, creation of a security interest or otherwise, other than by a transfer by the Indemnitee’s will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and, in the event of any attempted assignment or transfer contrary to this Section, the Corporation shall have no liability to pay any amount so attempted to be assigned or transferred.
      17.  Claims Initiated by Indemnitee . No indemnification or Advancement of Expenses to Indemnitee shall be made with respect to any legal action or proceeding initiated or brought voluntarily by Indemnitee and not by way of defense, except with respect to such proceeding brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification or Advancement of Expenses under this Agreement, unless (i) the Board has approved the initiation or bringing of such proceeding (or any part of any such proceeding) or (ii) the Corporation provides the indemnification, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the Corporation under applicable law.
      18.  Representations .
     (a) The Corporation represents to Indemnitee that this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of the Corporation, enforceable against the Corporation in accordance with its terms (subject in each case to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, to general principles of equity and to public policy).
     (b) Indemnitee represents to the Corporation that this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of Indemnitee, enforceable against Indemnitee in accordance with its terms (subject in each case to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, to general principles of equity and to public policy).
      19. Headings. The headings of the various sections and subsections of this Agreement shall not limit or affect the terms and provisions of this Agreement.
[Signatures appear on the following page.]

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     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.
         
  CMS ENERGY CORPORATION


One Energy Plaza
Jackson, MI 49201
 
 
     
  Name:      
  Title:      
 
  INDEMNITEE
 
 
     
  Name:      
 
     
  Address   
     
     
  City, State, Zip Code   
     

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EXHIBIT A
PAYMENT REQUEST
     1. This Payment Request is submitted pursuant to the Indemnification Agreement (the “ Agreement ”), dated as of ___, ___, between CMS Energy Corporation , a Michigan corporation (the “ Corporation ”), and the undersigned (“ Indemnitee ”). Capitalized terms in this Payment Request shall have the same meaning ascribed to them in the Agreement.
     2. I am requesting indemnification and/or Advancement of Expenses, all of which have been or will be incurred by me in connection with the following actual or threatened Proceeding:
   
    
   
 
 
 
 
     3. I affirm my good faith belief that I have met the applicable standard of conduct as required by applicable law.
     4. I hereby undertake to repay on demand any Advancement of Expenses under the Agreement, if and to the extent I am obligated to repay Expenses pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and applicable law.
     5. I acknowledge this undertaking is my unlimited general obligation.
     6. I have attached evidence of Expenses, which may be supplemented without re-submitting this Payment Request, except for providing evidence of further Expenses for which I seek reimbursement, and so long as the Expenses relate only to the Proceeding described in #2 above.
         
  INDEMNITEE
 
 
     
  Name:      
  Title:      
 

A-1

 

Exhibit (10)(b)
INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
     This Indemnification Agreement (“ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of __________ __________, by and between CONSUMERS ENERGY COMPANY , a Michigan corporation (the “ Corporation ”), and __________, a director of the Corporation (the “ Indemnitee ”). The Corporation and the Indemnitee are sometimes individually referred to herein as a “ Party ” and collectively as the “ Parties .”
RECITALS
     A. The Michigan Business Corporation Act, 284 PA 1972, MCL 450.1101- 450.2099 (the “ MBCA ”), provides that directors may be entitled to indemnification and advancement of expenses rights pursuant to contractual agreements.
     B. In addition to the indemnification to which the Indemnitee is entitled under the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation (the “ Articles ”) or Bylaws of the Corporation (the “ Bylaws ”), or granted pursuant to various Board resolutions, in effect from time to time, the Corporation has obtained at its sole expense liability insurance protecting its directors, including the Indemnitee, against certain losses arising out of actual or threatened actions, suits or proceedings to which such persons may be made or threatened to be made parties.
     C. Because of the increasing exposure to the risks of litigation and the need to attract, and the difficulty of attracting, qualified candidates to serve as directors, the Corporation has deemed it appropriate to enter into this Agreement with the Indemnitee.
     D. The Indemnitee is presently serving as a director of the Corporation, and the Corporation desires the Indemnitee to continue in such capacity. The Indemnitee is willing, subject to certain conditions, including, without limitation, the execution and performance of this Agreement by the Corporation, to continue in that capacity.
     E. The Parties agree that this Agreement will apply prospectively to Proceedings (as defined herein) arising after the date of this Agreement, and that it is the intent of the Parties to provide the Indemnitee with the broadest possible indemnification.
     Accordingly, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth in this Agreement, the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Corporation and Indemnitee agree as follows:

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      1.  Definitions . For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:
          (a) “Advancement of Expenses” or to “Advance Expenses” shall refer to the payment of Expenses in connection with a Proceeding prior to an ultimate determination whether the Indemnitee has met any applicable standard of conduct.
          (b) “ Agreement ” shall mean this Indemnification Agreement, including the Preamble, Recitals, and Exhibit.
          (c) “Articles” shall have the meaning set forth in Recital B.
          (d) “Board” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(b)(i).
          (e) “Bylaws” shall have the meaning set forth in Recital B.
          (f) “Corporation” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
          (g) “ Expenses ” shall mean any costs or expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with a Proceeding, including but not limited to, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties, attorney fees, expert and witness fees, expenses of investigations, expenses of appeals, expenses of bonds, court costs, expenses of arbitration and mediation, and any other cost or expense reasonably related to a Proceeding.
          (h) References to “ fines ” shall include any excise or other taxes assessed on Indemnitee with respect to any employee benefit plan or otherwise.
          (i) “ Indemnification ” (and correspondingly “indemnity” and “indemnify”) shall refer to the payment of Expenses in connection with a Proceeding as set forth in this Agreement following an ultimate determination that any applicable standard of conduct has been met.
          (j) “ Indemnitee ” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
          (k) “ MBCA ” shall have the meaning set forth in Recital A.
          (l) “ Party ” or “ Parties ” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
          (m) “ Payment Request ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(a).
          (n) “Payment Time Limit” shall mean 65 days after a Payment Request, except if a regularly scheduled Board of Directors’ meeting is not scheduled to occur within 60 days after a payment request, then the Payment Time Limit shall be within 5 days after the date of the next meeting of the Board of Directors after the Payment Request not to exceed 100 days after the Payment Request.

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          (o) “ Proceeding ” shall mean any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative; whether formal or informal; and whether or not by or in the right of the Corporation, as to which Indemnitee is or may become a party or witness, by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee is or was a director of the Corporation or which relates to the Indemnitee’s service as a director of the Corporation, including but not limited to, court proceedings, arbitrations, alternative dispute resolution proceedings, administrative proceedings, any other type of judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, or any such proceeding to enforce Indemnitee’s rights hereunder.
          (p) “ Shareholders ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(b)(v).
      2.  Continued Service . The Indemnitee agrees to continue to serve the Corporation as a director in consideration of the personal liability protections granted by the Corporation to the Indemnitee herein; provided , however, that nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute a contract of employment or designation of directorship between the Corporation and the Indemnitee; and provided further , that the Indemnitee shall serve as a director so long as the Indemnitee is duly nominated, elected and qualified in accordance with applicable requirements or until the Indemnitee resigns. The Corporation is under no obligation to renominate an Indemnitee entering into this Agreement.
      3.  Indemnity .
          (a) Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses . Unless prohibited by law, the Corporation shall indemnify the Indemnitee against Expenses and shall Advance Expenses to the maximum extent when the Indemnitee was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party or a witness in a Proceeding. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not create a presumption that the Indemnitee failed to satisfy the applicable standard of conduct required by law for indemnification or Advancement of Expenses.
          (b) Determination and Evaluation . Any indemnification or Advancement of Expenses under Section 3(a) (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation within the time specified in Section 4(a), upon a determination that the Indemnitee satisfies the applicable standard of conduct, if any, and upon an evaluation of the reasonableness of Expenses. Such determination and evaluation shall be made:
     (i) by a majority vote of a quorum of the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board ”) consisting of directors who are not parties or threatened to be made parties to such Proceeding;
     (ii) if such a quorum is not obtainable, by a majority vote of a committee duly designated by the Board consisting solely of two or more directors not at the time parties or threatened to be made parties to such Proceeding;

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               (iii) by independent legal counsel (designated in the manner provided below in this subsection (b)) in a written opinion;
               (iv) by all independent directors (as defined in Section 107(3) of the MBCA) who are not parties to such Proceeding; or
          (v) by the shareholders of the Corporation (the “ Shareholders ”), but shares held by directors, officers, employees or agents who are parties or threatened to be made parties to such Proceeding may not be voted.
Independent legal counsel shall be designated by the Board or its committee in the manner prescribed in Section 3(b)(i) or 3(b)(ii); provided , however , that if a quorum of the Board cannot be obtained under Section 3(b)(i) and a committee cannot be designated under Section 3(b)(ii), designation of independent legal counsel shall be made by the Board. In the designation of a committee under Section 3(b)(ii) or the selection of independent legal counsel by the Board, all directors may participate. The time limits set forth in Section 4(a) shall govern the process of the determination and evaluation set forth in this Section.
          (c) Presumption of Reasonableness . For purposes of this Agreement, legal fees and expenses which are incurred upon the advice of legal counsel shall be presumed reasonable. Under the terms of this Agreement, Indemnitee shall have the right to legal counsel of his or her choosing. The hourly rate of counsel chosen by Indemnitee shall be presumed reasonable so long as the hourly rate of such counsel is customary for such counsel, notwithstanding that the rate may be higher than the rate of other attorneys with comparable skills.
          (d) Partial Indemnification . If the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or Advancement of Expenses under Section 3(a) for a portion of Expenses, but not for the total amount, the Corporation shall indemnify and Advance Expenses to the Indemnitee for the portion of the Expenses to which the Indemnitee is entitled.
          (e) Modification of Indemnitee’s Rights . The Indemnitee’s rights to indemnification and Advancement of Expenses pursuant to the Articles, Bylaws or resolutions of the Board in effect as of the date of this Agreement, or any future modification of such Articles, Bylaws or resolutions which expands the rights of Indemnitee, are incorporated in this Agreement. In the event that the Corporation adopts any amendment to the Articles, Bylaws or resolutions, or adopts a new resolution, which effect is to deny, diminish or encumber the Indemnitee’s rights to indemnification or Advancement of Expenses, such amendment or new resolution shall not diminish the rights of Indemnitee pursuant to this Agreement and shall be deemed to be invalid and of no force and effect to reduce Indemnitee’s rights hereunder.
          (f) To the extent any action or inaction of Indemnitee is based upon the books and records of the Corporation, including financial statements, or upon information supplied to Indemnitee by officers of the Corporation or its counsel, auditors, or experts, then such action or inaction shall be conclusively deemed to be in good faith for purposes

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of this Agreement, provided that the foregoing shall not be deemed to be exclusive tests of good faith.
      4.  Procedures Relating to Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses .
          (a) Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses . For purposes of pursuing the Indemnitee’s rights to indemnification and Advancement of Expenses under Section 3(a) hereof, the Indemnitee shall submit a request (“ Payment Request ”) by means of the following: (i) a signed request, substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto and made a part hereof, averring that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification and/or Advancement of Expenses hereunder; and (ii) evidence in customary or reasonable form of all Expenses for which payment is requested. In the event Indemnitee is submitting a Payment Request after having previously submitted such a request concerning the same Proceeding, Indemnitee may refer to and rely upon the previously submitted Payment Request, and merely supplement evidence of Expenses for which payment is sought. Any such supplement of Expenses shall be treated as a new Payment Request for purposes of the time limits set forth in this Section. Within the Payment Time Limit, the Corporation shall decide the extent to which Indemnitee is entitled to payment of Expenses and submit payment accordingly; provided , however , that if the Corporation should fail to decide within the Payment Time Limit it shall submit payment in accordance with the Payment Request. In making its decision hereunder, the Corporation shall use the procedures set forth in Section 3(b) hereof. In the event the Indemnitee disagrees with the Corporation’s decision made within such Payment Time Limit, he/she may seek judicial relief pursuant to Section 9 of this Agreement.
          (b) At the conclusion of the Proceeding, if it is ultimately determined that Indemnitee was not legally entitled to receive all or a portion of Expenses previously paid by the Corporation, then, subject to Indemnitee’s rights to dispute the Corporation’s findings pursuant to Section 9, Indemnitee shall promptly repay to the Corporation any amounts to which Indemnitee was not legally entitled.
          (c) The provisions of this Section are procedural only and are in addition to any other procedures that may be available by law to Indemnitee to recover indemnification or Advancement of Expenses to which Indemnitee may be entitled pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof or otherwise.
          (d) Notwithstanding any other provision herein, upon application to a court by the Indemnitee and a determination of such court that the Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification or Advancement of Expenses, the Corporation shall pay to the Indemnitee the amount so ordered by the court.
          (e) No security shall be required of any Indemnitee in connection with any Indemnification and/or Advancement of Expenses hereunder.
          (f) The Corporation may, but shall not be required to, create a trust fund, grant a security interest or use other means, including a letter of credit, to ensure the

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payment of such amounts as may be necessary to satisfy its obligations to indemnify and Advance Expenses pursuant to this Agreement.
      5.  Liability Insurance and Funding .
          (a) Unless otherwise agreed by Indemnitee, for the duration of Indemnitee’s service as a director of the Corporation, and thereafter for so long as Indemnitee shall be subject to any pending or possible Proceeding for which indemnification may be provided hereunder, the Corporation shall use commercially reasonable efforts (taking into account the scope and amount of coverage available relative to the cost thereof) to cause to be maintained in effect policies of directors’ liability insurance providing coverage for directors of the Corporation that is at least substantially comparable in scope and amount to that provided by the Corporation’s current policies of directors’ liability insurance; provided , if a lesser amount of insurance coverage would provide Indemnitee adequate protection for any actual or potential Proceeding (without regard to any contribution that the Corporation might be able to provide from its own funds in the absence of insurance coverage), the Corporation may arrange for such adequate insurance coverage, with the consent of Indemnitee, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
          (b) In all policies of directors’ liability insurance obtained by the Corporation, Indemnitee shall be named as an insured in such a manner as to provide Indemnitee the same rights and benefits, subject to the same limitations, as are accorded to the Corporation’s directors most favorably insured by such policy.
          (c) If, at the time of receipt of any notice of a Proceeding, the Corporation has directors’ liability insurance in effect, the Corporation shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such proceeding to the liability insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies. A copy of such notice shall be provided to Indemnitee. The Corporation shall take all necessary or appropriate action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies. Upon the request of the Indemnitee, the Corporation shall provide to Indemnitee a copy of all insurance policies which provide coverage or potential coverage to Indemnitee relating to a Proceeding.
      6.  Notification of Action . Promptly after receipt by Indemnitee of notice of any Proceeding, Indemnitee will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the Corporation under this Agreement, notify the Corporation of the commencement thereof; but the failure to so notify the Corporation will not relieve it from any liability that it may have to Indemnitee unless, and to the extent that, the Corporation is actually prejudiced thereby.
      7. Defense and Settlement of Claims . The Corporation shall be entitled to participate in the defense of any Proceeding for which indemnification is provided hereunder or to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnitee; provided that if Indemnitee believes, after consultation with counsel selected by Indemnitee, that (a) in the event the Corporation assumes the defense of a Proceeding, the use of counsel chosen by the Corporation to represent Indemnitee would or does present such counsel with an actual or

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potential conflict, (b) the named parties in any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Corporation and Indemnitee and Indemnitee concludes that there may be one or more legal defenses available to him or her that are different from or in addition to those available to the Corporation or such other parties, (c) any such representation by such counsel would be precluded under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, or (d) the Corporation has not actively defended the Indemnitee after assuming the defense in a Proceeding, then Indemnitee shall be entitled to retain separate counsel (but not more than one law firm plus, if applicable, local counsel in respect of any particular Proceeding) at the Corporation’s expense. The Corporation shall not be liable to Indemnitee under this Agreement for any amounts paid by Indemnitee in settlement of any Proceeding effected without the Corporation’s prior consent. The Corporation shall not, without the prior consent of the Indemnitee, effect any settlement of any Proceeding to which the Indemnitee is, or could have been, a party unless such settlement (i) solely involves the payment of money by the Corporation, (ii) includes a complete and unconditional release of the Indemnitee from all liability on any claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding and (iii) imposes no obligation on the Indemnitee, including without limitation, by way of an order or injunction. Neither the Corporation nor Indemnitee shall unreasonably withhold its consent to any proposed settlement; provided that Indemnitee may withhold consent to any settlement that does not provide a complete and unconditional release of Indemnitee.
      8.  Subrogation, Duplication and Set Off of Payments .
     (a) Subrogation . In the event of payment by the Corporation to the Indemnitee under this Agreement, the Corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Indemnitee, who shall, at the Corporation’s expense, execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be reasonably necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to enable the Corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
     (b) Duplication . The Corporation shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment in connection with any claim made against the Indemnitee to the extent the Indemnitee has actually received payment (under any insurance policy, the Articles, the Bylaws or otherwise) of the amounts otherwise payable hereunder.
     (c) Set Off . Any payments due to the Indemnitee under this Agreement shall not be subject to set off by the Corporation.
      9.  Enforcement and Interpretation .
     (a) If a Payment Request pursuant to Section 4(a) hereof is not paid in full by the Corporation within the Payment Time Limit, the Indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim.
     (b) In any action under this Agreement, it shall be a defense to a claim for indemnification or Advancement of Expenses pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof that the Indemnitee has not met the standards of conduct, as applicable, which make it permissible for the Corporation to indemnify or Advance Expenses to the Indemnitee for

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the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense and going forward with evidence shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including the Board, independent legal counsel or the Shareholders) to have made a determination prior to commencement of such action that indemnification of, or Advancement of Expenses to, the Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including the Board, independent legal counsel or the Shareholders) that the Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct, nor shall such determination or the failure to make it be admitted into evidence by the Corporation in such action except to rebut an assertion by Indemnitee that the Corporation failed to make a determination required by this Agreement. It is the intent of the Parties to this Agreement to provide the broadest possible indemnification (not prohibited by law) to the Indemnitee and the Agreement shall be interpreted in accordance with that intent. Any ambiguities in this Agreement are intended by the Parties to be interpreted in favor of Indemnitee. For purposes of determining Indemnitee’s rights hereunder, Indemnitee shall be presumed to have met any applicable standard of conduct required for Indemnification and/or advancement and such presumption may overcome only by clear and convincing evidence to the contrary.
     (c) It is the intent of the Corporation that the Indemnitee not be required to incur Expenses associated with the enforcement of the Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement by litigation or other legal action because the cost and expense thereof would substantially detract from the benefits intended to be extended to the Indemnitee hereunder. Accordingly, if it should appear to the Indemnitee that the Corporation has failed to comply with any of its obligations under the Agreement or in the event that the Corporation or any other person takes any action to declare this Agreement void or unenforceable, or institutes any action, suit or proceeding designed to deny, or to recover from, the Indemnitee the benefits intended to be provided to the Indemnitee hereunder, or having the effect thereof, the Corporation irrevocably authorizes the Indemnitee from time to time to retain counsel of the Indemnitee’s choice, at the expense of the Corporation, to represent the Indemnitee in connection with the initiation or defense of any litigation or other legal action, whether by or against the Corporation or any director, officer, shareholder or other person affiliated with the Corporation to enforce the Indemnitee’s rights hereunder. Regardless of the outcome thereof, the Corporation shall pay and be solely responsible for any and all Expenses, reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee (i) as a result of the Corporation’s failure to perform its obligations pursuant to this Agreement, (ii) as a result of the Corporation or any person contesting the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any provision thereof as aforesaid, or (iii) as otherwise contemplated in this subsection.
      10. Merger or Consolidation . In the event that the Corporation shall be a constituent corporation in a consolidation, merger or other reorganization, the Corporation, if it shall not be the surviving, resulting or acquiring corporation therein, shall require as a condition thereto the surviving, resulting or acquiring corporation to agree to indemnify the Indemnitee to the full extent provided in this Agreement. Whether or not the Corporation is the resulting,

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surviving or acquiring corporation in any such transaction, the Indemnitee shall also stand in the same position under this Agreement with respect to the resulting, surviving or acquiring corporation as the Indemnitee would have with respect to the Corporation if its separate existence had continued.
      11.  Nonexclusivity and Severability .
     (a) Nonexclusivity . The right to indemnification provided by this Agreement shall not be exclusive of any other rights to which the Indemnitee may be entitled under the Articles, Bylaws, the MBCA, resolutions, any other statute, insurance policy, agreement, vote of Shareholders or of directors or otherwise, both as to actions in the Indemnitee’s official capacity and as to actions in another capacity while holding such office.
     (b) Severability . If any provision of this Agreement or the application of any provision hereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, unenforceable or otherwise illegal, the remainder of this Agreement and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected, and shall be enforced to the fullest extent permissible, and the provision so held to be invalid, unenforceable or otherwise illegal shall be reformed to the extent (and only to the extent) necessary to make it enforceable, valid and legal.
      12.  Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Michigan, without giving effect to the principles of conflict of laws thereof.
      13.  Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
      14.  Notices . All notices, demands, requests and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered by hand or when mailed by United States certified or registered mail with postage prepaid addressed as follows:
     (a) Indemnitee . If to the Indemnitee, to the address set forth by the Indemnitee on the signature page of this Agreement or to such other person or address as the Indemnitee shall furnish to the Corporation pursuant to this Section.
     (b) Corporation . If to the Corporation, to the attention of the officer signing this Agreement on behalf of the Corporation at the address set forth on the signature page of this Agreement (with a copy to the Corporation’s Corporate Secretary, One Energy Plaza, Jackson, Michigan 49201) or to such other person or address as the Corporation shall furnish to the Indemnitee pursuant to this Section.
      15. Modification and Survival . Subject to Section 11(a) hereof, this Agreement contains the entire agreement of the Parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersedes

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any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written with respect to any Proceeding that has not been formally initiated through the filing of a Complaint or similar action prior to the date hereof. This Agreement may be modified only by an instrument signed by both Parties hereto. The provisions of this Agreement shall survive the death, disability, or incapacity of the Indemnitee or the termination of the Indemnitee’s service as a director of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the Indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators.
      16.  Assignment . This Agreement is personal in nature and neither Party shall, without the consent of the other Party, assign or delegate this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Without limiting the generality or effect of the foregoing, Indemnitee’s right to receive payments hereunder shall not be assignable, whether by pledge, creation of a security interest or otherwise, other than by a transfer by the Indemnitee’s will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and, in the event of any attempted assignment or transfer contrary to this Section, the Corporation shall have no liability to pay any amount so attempted to be assigned or transferred.
      17.  Claims Initiated by Indemnitee . No indemnification or Advancement of Expenses to Indemnitee shall be made with respect to any legal action or proceeding initiated or brought voluntarily by Indemnitee and not by way of defense, except with respect to such proceeding brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification or Advancement of Expenses under this Agreement, unless (i) the Board has approved the initiation or bringing of such proceeding (or any part of any such proceeding) or (ii) the Corporation provides the indemnification, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the Corporation under applicable law.
      18.  Representations .
     (a) The Corporation represents to Indemnitee that this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of the Corporation, enforceable against the Corporation in accordance with its terms (subject in each case to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, to general principles of equity and to public policy).
     (b) Indemnitee represents to the Corporation that this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of Indemnitee, enforceable against Indemnitee in accordance with its terms (subject in each case to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, to general principles of equity and to public policy).
      19. Headings. The headings of the various sections and subsections of this Agreement shall not limit or affect the terms and provisions of this Agreement.
[Signatures appear on the following page.]

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     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.
         
  CMS ENERGY CORPORATION

One Energy Plaza
Jackson, MI 49201
 
 
     
  Name:      
  Title:      
 
  INDEMNITEE
 
 
     
  Name:      
 
     
  Address   
     
     
  City, State, Zip Code   
     

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EXHIBIT A
PAYMENT REQUEST
     1. This Payment Request is submitted pursuant to the Indemnification Agreement (the “ Agreement ”), dated as of __________ ___, ___, between Consumers Energy Company , a Michigan corporation (the “ Corporation ”), and the undersigned (“ Indemnitee ”). Capitalized terms in this Payment Request shall have the same meaning ascribed to them in the Agreement.
     2. I am requesting indemnification and/or Advancement of Expenses, all of which have been or will be incurred by me in connection with the following actual or threatened Proceeding:
   
    
   
 
 
 
 
     3. I affirm my good faith belief that I have met the applicable standard of conduct as required by applicable law.
     4. I hereby undertake to repay on demand any Advancement of Expenses under the Agreement, if and to the extent I am obligated to repay Expenses pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and applicable law.
     5. I acknowledge this undertaking is my unlimited general obligation.
     6. I have attached evidence of Expenses, which may be supplemented without re-submitting this Payment Request, except for providing evidence of further Expenses for which I seek reimbursement, and so long as the Expenses relate only to the Proceeding described in #2 above.
         
  INDEMNITEE
 
 
     
  Name:      
  Title:      
 

A-1

 

Exhibit (31)(a)
CERTIFICATION OF DAVID W. JOOS
I, David W. Joos, certify that:
  1.   I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of CMS Energy Corporation;
 
  2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
  3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
  4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
     a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
     b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
     c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
     d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
  5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
     a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
     b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
         
     
Dated: November 1, 2007  By:   /s/ David W. Joos    
    David W. Joos   
    President and
Chief Executive Officer 
 

 

 

         
Exhibit (31)(b)
CERTIFICATION OF THOMAS J. WEBB
I, Thomas J. Webb, certify that:
  1.   I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of CMS Energy Corporation;
 
  2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
  3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
  4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
     a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
     b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
     c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
     d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
  5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
     a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
     b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
         
     
Dated: November 1, 2007  By   /s/ Thomas J. Webb    
    Thomas J. Webb   
    Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer 
 

 

 

         
Exhibit (31)(c)
CERTIFICATION OF DAVID W. JOOS
I, David W. Joos, certify that:
  1.   I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Consumers Energy Company;
 
  2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
  3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
  4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
     a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
     b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
     c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
     d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
  5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
     a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
     b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
         
     
Dated: November 1, 2007  By:   /s/ David W. Joos    
    David W. Joos   
    Chief Executive Officer   

 

 

         
Exhibit (31)(d)
CERTIFICATION OF THOMAS J. WEBB
I, Thomas J. Webb, certify that:
  1.   I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Consumers Energy Company;
 
  2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
  3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
  4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
     a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
     b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
     c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
     d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
  5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
     a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
     b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
         
     
Dated: November 1, 2007  By   /s/ Thomas J. Webb    
    Thomas J. Webb   
    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer   
 

 

 

Exhibit (32)(a)
Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CMS Energy Corporation (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), David W. Joos, as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Thomas J. Webb, as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge:
     (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
     (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
         
/s/ David W. Joos      
Name:   David W. Joos     
Title:   President and
Chief Executive Officer 
   
Date: November 1, 2007
         
/s/ Thomas J. Webb      
Name:   Thomas J. Webb     
Title:   Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer 
   
Date: November 1, 2007

 

 

Exhibit (32)(b)
Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Consumers Energy Company (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), David W. Joos, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Thomas J. Webb, as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge:
     (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
     (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
         
/s/ David W. Joos      
Name:   David W. Joos     
Title:   Chief Executive Officer     
Date: November 1, 2007
         
/s/ Thomas J. Webb      
Name:   Thomas J. Webb     
Title:   Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer     
Date: November 1, 2007