UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Amendment No. 4
Westlake Chemical Corporation
Delaware | 2869 | 76-0346924 | ||
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number) |
2801 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 600
Stephen Wallace, Esq.
Copies to:
J. David Kirkland, Jr., Esq.
Timothy S. Taylor, Esq. Baker Botts L.L.P. One Shell Plaza 910 Louisiana Street Houston, Texas 77002 (713) 229-1234 |
Peter M. Labonski, Esq.
Latham & Watkins LLP 885 Third Avenue New York, New York 10022 (212) 906-1200 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If delivery of the
prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following
box.
o
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
The Registrant hereby
amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may
be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant
shall file a further amendment which specifically states that
this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in
accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933
or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on
such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said
Section 8(a), may determine.
Proposed Maximum
Proposed Maximum
Title of Each Class of
Amount to Be
Offering Price Per
Aggregate Offering
Amount of
Securities to Be Registered
Registered(1)
Share(1)
Price(2)(3)
Registration Fee
$230,000,000
$29,141(4)
(1)
In accordance with Rule 457(o) under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the number of shares being
registered and the proposed maximum offering price per share are
not included in this table.
(2)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating
the registration fee.
(3)
Includes common stock to be sold upon exercise of
the underwriters over-allotment option.
(4)
$29,141 was previously paid with the initial
filing of this registration statement.
The information in this
prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell
these securities until the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus
is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not
soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where
the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 9, 2004
11,764,706 Shares
Westlake Chemical Corporation
Common Stock
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price of our common stock is expected to be between $16.00 and $18.00 per share. Our common stock has been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance, under the symbol WLK.
The underwriters have an option to purchase a maximum of 1,764,706 additional shares to cover over-allotments.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See Risk Factors beginning on page 12.
Underwriting | ||||||||||||
Price to | Discounts and | Proceeds to | ||||||||||
Public | Commissions | Westlake | ||||||||||
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Per Share
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$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Total
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$ | $ | $ |
Delivery of the shares of common stock will be made on or about , 2004.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Credit Suisse First Boston | JPMorgan | Deutsche Bank Securities |
Banc of America Securities LLC
Goldman, Sachs & Co. |
UBS Investment Bank |
The date of this prospectus is , 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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F-1 |
You should rely only on the information contained in this document. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. This document may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. The information in this document may only be accurate on the date of this document.
The chart located on the opposite page does not include the combined estimated PVC pipe production capacity of 300 million pounds per year from the three manufacturing plants we acquired from Bristolpipe Corporation on August 2, 2004. |
Dealer Prospectus Delivery Obligation
Until , 2004 (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to unsold allotments or subscriptions.
INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA
Industry and market data used throughout this prospectus were obtained through internal company research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties and industry and general publications, including information from the Chemical Market Associates, Inc., or CMAI, Chemical Data, Inc. and the Freedonia Group. We have not independently verified market and industry data from third-party sources. While we believe internal company estimates are reliable and market definitions are appropriate, neither such estimates nor these definitions have been verified by any independent sources.
PRODUCTION CAPACITY
Unless we state otherwise, annual production capacity estimates used throughout this prospectus represent rated capacity of the facilities at June 30, 2004. We calculated rated capacity by estimating the number of days in a typical year that a production unit of a plant is expected to operate, after allowing for downtime for regular maintenance, and multiplying that number by an amount equal to the units optimal daily output based on the design feedstock mix. Because the rated capacity of a production unit is an estimated amount, actual production volumes may be more or less than the rated capacity.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The body of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States is commonly referred to as GAAP. For this purpose, a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as one that purports to measure historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows, but excludes or includes amounts that would not be so adjusted in the most comparable GAAP measures. In this prospectus, we disclose so-called non-GAAP financial measures, primarily EBITDA. EBITDA is calculated as net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The non-GAAP financial measures described in this prospectus are not substitutes for the GAAP measures of earnings and cash flow.
EBITDA is included in this prospectus because our management considers it an important supplemental measure of our performance and believes that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry, some of which present EBITDA when reporting their results. We regularly evaluate our performance as compared to other companies in our industry that have different financing and capital structures and/or tax rates by using EBITDA. In addition, we utilize EBITDA in evaluating acquisition targets. Management also believes that EBITDA is a useful tool for measuring our ability to meet our future debt service, capital expenditures and working capital requirements, and EBITDA is commonly used by us and our investors to measure our ability to service indebtedness. EBITDA is not a substitute for the GAAP measures of earnings or of cash flow and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. In addition, it should be noted that companies calculate EBITDA differently and, therefore, EBITDA as presented for us may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies. EBITDA has material limitations as a performance measure because it excludes interest expense, depreciation and amortization, and income taxes.
i
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information
contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not
contain all the information that you should consider before
making an investment decision with respect to our common stock.
You should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the
consolidated financial statements and related notes, before
making an investment decision with respect to our common stock.
In this prospectus, we refer to our company and its consolidated
subsidiaries as we, us, our
or Westlake and TTWF LP, a Delaware limited
partnership, as TTWF LP or the principal
stockholder, unless we state otherwise or the context
clearly indicates otherwise. Unless the context indicates
otherwise, the information in this prospectus relating to us
assumes the completion of the mergers and the stock split (the
Transactions) described under The
Transactions in this prospectus.
About Us
We are a vertically integrated manufacturer and
marketer of basic chemicals, vinyls, polymers and fabricated
products. Our products include some of the most widely used
chemicals in the world, which are fundamental to many diverse
consumer and industrial markets, including flexible and rigid
packaging, automotive products, coatings, residential and
commercial construction as well as other durable and non-durable
goods. We believe that our business is characterized by highly
integrated, world-class chemical production facilities,
state-of-the-art technology, leading regional market positions
by volume for particular products, a strong and stable customer
base and experienced management. We operate in two principal
business segments, Olefins and Vinyls, and we are one of the few
North American integrated producers of vinyls with substantial
downstream integration into polyvinyl chloride, or PVC,
fabricated products. For the year ended December 31, 2003,
we had net sales of $1,423 million, income from operations
of $66 million, net income of $15 million and EBITDA
of $149 million. During the same period, our Olefins
segment and our Vinyls segment contributed 62% and 38% of our
net sales, after intercompany eliminations and 84% and 21% of
our income from operations, including corporate and other,
respectively. Please read footnote 5 to the table under
Summary Consolidated Financial, Operating and Industry
Data beginning on page 9 for a discussion of EBITDA
and a reconciliation of EBITDA to net income (loss) and to cash
flows from operating activities.
We benefit from highly integrated production
facilities that allow us to process raw materials into higher
value-added chemicals and fabricated products. We have
8.6 billion pounds per year of active aggregate production
capacity at 14 strategically located manufacturing sites in
North America. We believe that with our highly integrated
capabilities, we are less affected by volatility in product
demand, have less exposure to the effects of cyclical raw
material prices and operate at higher capacity utilization rates
than non-integrated producers. In addition, the strategic
location of our facilities lowers our transportation costs due
to our high level of internally used production. In 2003, we
used 70% of our basic chemical production internally to produce
higher value-added chemicals and fabricated products for sale to
external customers. We also have a 43% interest in a joint
venture in China that produces PVC resin and film.
Olefins
In our Olefins segment, we manufacture ethylene,
polyethylene, styrene and associated co-products at our
manufacturing facilities in Lake Charles, Louisiana. For the
year ended December 31, 2003, our Olefins segment had net
sales to external customers of $877 million and income from
operations of $55 million.
Ethylene.
Ethylene
is the worlds most widely used petrochemical in terms of
volume. It is the key building block used to produce a large
number of higher value-added chemicals including polyethylene,
ethylene dichloride, or EDC, ethylene oxide and styrene. We have
the capacity to produce 2.4 billion pounds of ethylene per
year at our Lake Charles facilities. In 2003, we used 79% of
that production internally to produce higher value-added
chemical products. We also have the capacity to produce
450 million pounds of ethylene per year in our Vinyls
segment at our Calvert City, Kentucky facilities, which is used
internally in the production of vinyl chloride monomer, or VCM.
1
Polyethylene.
Polyethylene, the worlds most widely consumed polymer, is
used in the manufacture of a wide variety of packaging, film,
coating and molded product applications including trash can
liners, shopping and dry cleaning bags and housewares. We
produce the three principal types of polyethylene: low-density
polyethylene, or LDPE, linear low-density polyethylene, or
LLDPE, and high-density polyethylene, or HDPE. We are the fourth
largest producer of LDPE in North America based on capacity. We
have the capacity to produce 850 million pounds of LDPE and
550 million pounds of either LLDPE or HDPE per year.
Styrene.
Styrene is
used to produce polystyrene and synthetic rubber, which are used
in a number of applications including injection molding,
disposables, food packaging, housewares, paints and coatings,
resins, building materials and toys. We have the capacity to
produce 450 million pounds of styrene per year.
Vinyls
In our Vinyls segment, we manufacture ethylene,
chlorine, caustic soda, VCM, PVC and fabricated products.
Chlorine and ethylene are the basic raw materials used to
manufacture VCM, which we then convert into PVC. We use most of
our PVC to manufacture fabricated products such as pipe, fence,
deck and door and window components. We manage our integrated
vinyls production chain, from the basic chemicals to finished
fabricated products, to maximize product margins, pricing and
capacity utilization. Our primary manufacturing facilities are
in Calvert City, Kentucky. We also own eleven strategically
located PVC fabricated product facilities, each situated in
close proximity to our markets and customers. In addition, in
2002, we acquired a vinyls facility in Geismar, Louisiana, and
we started operation of the EDC portion of the Geismar facility
in the fourth quarter of 2003. We have begun planning for a
phased start-up of our VCM and PVC facilities in Geismar,
Louisiana. The first phase of the start-up, which is expected to
commence in 2005, will consist of one PVC train with
approximately 300 million pounds of capacity per year. Any
start-up of future phases will be determined by market
conditions at the time. We also own a 43% interest in a joint
venture in China that produces PVC resin and film. For the year
ended December 31, 2003, our Vinyls segment had net sales
to external customers of $546 million and income from
operations of $14 million.
PVC.
PVC, the
worlds third most widely used plastic, is an attractive
alternative to traditional materials such as glass, metal, wood,
concrete and other plastic materials because of its versatility,
durability and cost competitiveness. We have the capacity to
produce 800 million pounds of PVC per year, excluding
capacity of our China joint venture and 600 million pounds
per year of potential capacity at our Geismar facility. In 2003,
we used 63% of our PVC internally in the production of our
fabricated products. PVC is used for construction materials
including pipe, fence, siding and window and door components and
film for packaging and other consumer applications.
VCM.
VCM is used to
produce PVC, solvents and PVC-related products. We have the
capacity to produce 1.3 billion pounds of VCM per year,
excluding 600 million pounds per year of potential capacity
at our Geismar facility. In 2003, we used 63% of our VCM
production in our PVC operations.
Chlorine and Caustic
Soda.
We produce chlorine and caustic
soda, co-products commonly referred to as chlor-alkali, at our
Calvert City facilities. We use chlorine to produce VCM and sell
caustic soda to external customers who use it in a variety of
end markets including the production of pulp and paper, organic
and inorganic chemicals, and alumina. In 2002, we converted our
chlorine facility to a more efficient, state-of-the-art membrane
technology, resulting in an approximate 23% reduction in energy
consumption per unit of production that has resulted in
significant savings, as energy is a major cost of chlor-alkali
production. This conversion also increased our annual production
capacity by 64% from 250 to 410 million pounds of chlorine
and from 275 to 450 million pounds of caustic soda.
Ethylene.
Our
Calvert City ethylene plant has annual production capacity of
450 million pounds and, in 2003, produced approximately 73%
of the ethylene required for our VCM production. We obtain the
remainder of the ethylene we need for our Vinyls business from
our Lake Charles facility. The ethylene is converted to EDC at
our Geismar facility.
2
Fabricated Products.
Products made from PVC are used in construction materials
ranging from water and sewer systems to home and commercial
applications for fence, deck, window and patio door systems. PVC
windows and patio doors are more energy efficient and easier to
maintain than many alternative products. PVC fence and deck
products feature low maintenance materials and long product
life. PVC pipe offers greater strength, lower installed cost,
increased corrosion resistance, lighter weight and longer
service life when compared to iron, steel and concrete
alternatives. We are a leading manufacturer of PVC fabricated
products by volume in the geographic regions where we operate.
We market pipe products under the North American
Pipe brand, PVC window and patio door components under the
NAPG brand and PVC fence and deck products under the
Westech brand, all of which are recognized brands in
their respective markets. We sell substantially all of our
products from our eleven fabricated products facilities to
distributors and manufacturers who, in turn, sell the products
to municipalities or contractors. Since entering the market in
1992, we have increased our annual capacity of fabricated
products from 194 million pounds to 900 million pounds.
China Joint Venture.
We own a 43% interest in Suzhou Huasu Plastics Co. Ltd., a joint
venture based near Shanghai, China. Our joint venture partners
are Norways Norsk Hydro ASA, two local Chinese chemical
companies and International Finance Corporation, a unit of the
World Bank. In 1995, this joint venture constructed and began
operating a PVC film plant that has a current annual capacity of
79 million pounds of PVC film. In 1999, the joint venture
constructed and began operating a PVC resin plant that has an
annual capacity of 286 million pounds of PVC resin.
Our Competitive Strengths
Vertically Integrated
Operations.
We operate in two
vertically integrated business segments and use the majority of
our internally produced basic chemicals to manufacture higher
value-added chemicals and fabricated products. We are one of the
few North American integrated producers of vinyls with
substantial downstream integration into PVC fabricated products.
By operating integrated olefins and vinyls production processes,
we believe we are less susceptible to volatility in product
demand, have less exposure to the effects of cyclical raw
material prices and are able to operate at higher capacity
utilization rates than non-integrated chemical producers. We
have also been able to lower our transportation costs due to our
high level of internally used production. In 2003, we used
almost 83% of our ethylene production to manufacture
polyethylene, styrene monomer and VCM. We also used 63% of our
VCM production to manufacture PVC and 63% of our PVC production
to manufacture our fabricated products.
Efficient Modern Asset Base and Low-Cost
Operations.
We operate some of the
industrys newest manufacturing facilities in North America
and focus on continually improving our asset portfolio and cost
position. We have invested approximately $1.2 billion since
1990 to construct new, state-of-the-art facilities and acquire
and upgrade facilities and equipment in both our Olefins and
Vinyls segments. We built two ethylene crackers in Lake Charles
in 1991 and 1997, and constructed a gas-phase LLDPE/HDPE plant
in Lake Charles in 1998. In addition, we recently completed the
technology conversion and upgrade of our chlor-alkali facility
at Calvert City, reducing per unit energy consumption by
approximately 23% and increasing capacity by 64%. These newer
plants increase operating efficiency and reduce our maintenance
and environmental compliance costs. Our ethylene plants allow us
to choose between ethane, propane and butane feedstocks. This
flexibility enables us to react to changing market conditions
and reduce raw material costs. We continually focus on reducing
costs throughout our organization and believe that our selling,
general and administrative costs of 4.0% of our net sales for
2003 is one of the lowest in the chemical industry. We minimize
research and development expenses by selectively acquiring and
licensing third-party proprietary technology as a cost-effective
approach to product development and production efficiency
improvement.
Strong Regional Market
Presence.
Fabricated products are sold
on a regional basis, and we are a leading seller of PVC
fabricated products by volume in the geographic regions where we
operate. Our vinyls facilities at Calvert City, Kentucky are
located on the Tennessee River and provide a freight cost
advantage to our customers in the high-volume Midwest and
Northeast markets when compared to most
3
Experienced Management with Significant Equity
Interest.
Our senior management team
has an average of over 25 years of experience in the
petrochemical industry. We were founded by T.T. Chao and his
family in 1985. The Chao family has more than 50 years of
experience in the plastics and fabrications industries, both in
Asia and the United States. The Chao family also owns a 49%
interest in the Titan Group (Malaysia), Southeast Asias
second largest polyolefin producer and fourth largest olefins
and aromatics producer. Our management has demonstrated
expertise in reducing costs and growing our business through
acquisitions and capacity expansions.
Our Business Strategy
Since we began operations in 1986, our goal has
been to achieve profitable growth in businesses we
understand, globally in areas where we can gain a competitive
advantage, and in a disciplined and opportunistic manner. We
have successfully pursued this goal through acquisitions,
expansions and new facilities, as demonstrated by our increase
in revenues from $66 million in 1987 to $1,423 million
in 2003, representing a compound annual growth rate of 21%, and,
for the same period, increased annual production capacity from
775 million pounds to 8,260 million pounds,
representing a compound annual growth rate of 16%. Our
strategies are:
Focus on growth in core
businesses.
We will endeavor to
enhance our existing businesses and pursue opportunities that
reduce costs, increase capacity, and improve integration in our
product portfolio.
Leverage global knowledge and
expertise.
Through our stake in the
joint venture in China and the Chao familys experience in
the Asian chemical and fabrication markets, Westlake and its
management have a broad base of knowledge in the region and a
foothold in this rapidly growing market. We plan to continue to
leverage this expertise and evaluate new opportunities that
represent a logical fit with our existing business platform. In
addition, we continue to evaluate cost-effective opportunities
to selectively
4
Maintain rigorous financial
discipline.
We maintain rigorous
financial discipline in investing capital in our core
businesses. For capital investment decisions, we typically
evaluate a projects return against the cost of capital
utilizing the economic value added, or EVA
TM
, model.
Furthermore, over 100 employees participate in a variable
compensation plan based upon achieving improvements in
EVA
TM
criteria.
Current Industry Conditions
The profitability of our key olefins and vinyls
products is cyclical and is therefore subject to volatility
depending upon the relationship of supply to demand for our
products. Periods of tight supply compared with demand lead to
high operating rates and margins. Periods of oversupply, which
generally occur when capacity additions exceed demand growth,
lead to reduced operating rates and lower margins. Over the past
few years, our Olefins and Vinyls businesses have been operating
in a down cycle as a result of significant new capacity
additions, weak demand reflecting general economic conditions
and high raw material costs. Our primary raw materials are
natural gas based feedstocks, which increased in price
dramatically in 2003 and have remained at these escalated levels
in 2004.
Recently, we have begun to see signs of recovery
in our industry. Beginning in the second half of 2003, improving
economic conditions have led to increased demand for many of our
products. Despite continued high raw material costs, limited new
capacity and higher demand have resulted in improving operating
rates and margins for many of our products.
In the first six months of 2004, consistent with
the industry, we experienced higher selling prices and higher
sales volumes in ethylene and styrene, which were partially
offset by higher raw material costs for ethane, propane and
benzene and lower polyethylene sales volumes. In our Vinyls
business, consistent with the industry, we experienced higher
selling prices for PVC pipe, PVC resin and VCM, as well as
higher sales volumes for PVC pipe.
CMAI projects that current industry fundamentals
point to a cyclical recovery in the petrochemicals business,
with the next peak expected over the 2005 2007
period. This forecast is supported by limited expected capacity
additions in North America over the next several years, which,
when combined with improving demand, should result in increasing
operating rates and margins.
Recent Developments
Bristolpipe Acquisition
On August 2, 2004, we completed the acquisition
of substantially all of the assets of Bristolpipe Corporation.
Bristolpipe Corporation, headquartered in Elkhart, Indiana,
operated three manufacturing plants located in Indiana,
Pennsylvania and Georgia with a combined estimated pipe
production capacity of 300 million pounds per year and
primarily produced PVC pipe products for a wide range of
applications, including domestic and commercial drainage, waste
and venting; underground water; sewer pipe; and
telecommunications cable ducting. Bristolpipe Corporation
reported revenues of approximately $114.0 million for
calendar year 2003. The purchase price of the assets was
$33.0 million, subject to adjustment.
Geismar Start-Up
We have begun planning for a phased start-up of
our VCM and PVC facilities in Geismar, Louisiana. We acquired
these facilities in December 2002 and have been operating the
EDC portion of the plant since November 2003. The VCM and PVC
plants each have an estimated rated capacity of 600 million
pounds per year. The PVC plant is comprised of two trains. The
first phase of the start-up will consist of one train with
approximately 300 million pounds of PVC capacity per year.
We expect that the majority of the first phase of the PVC
start-up production will be consumed internally as a result of
the acquisition of
5
The Transactions
Our parent entities have consummated a series of
transactions designed to simplify our ownership structure in
connection with this offering. Westlake Polymer &
Petrochemical, Inc. (WPPI), formerly our direct
parent, and Gulf Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc.,
formerly the direct parent of WPPI (GPPI), have both
merged into Westlake Chemical Corporation, which survived the
mergers and continues our business. As a result of the mergers,
all of the common and preferred stock of Westlake Chemical
Corporation, WPPI and GPPI outstanding prior to the mergers, as
well as the preferred stock of a subsidiary of GPPI outstanding
prior to the mergers, has been exchanged for common stock. TTWF
LP, a Delaware limited partnership, has become the sole
stockholder of our company, and members of the Chao family and
related trusts and other entities, which were the stockholders
of Westlake Chemical Corporation, WPPI and GPPI prior to the
mergers, now own, directly or indirectly, all of the partnership
interests in TTWF LP. In connection with the mergers, we have
effected a stock split of our common stock. The mergers have
been treated as a reorganization of entities under common
control, and our consolidated financial statements included in
this prospectus reflect the mergers and the stock split (but not
the exchange of preferred stock for common stock) as if they had
occurred prior to January 1, 1999. Unless the context
indicates otherwise, the information in this prospectus relating
to us assumes the completion of the mergers and the stock split
described above.
Our principal executive offices are located at
2801 Post Oak Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77056 and our
telephone number is (713) 960-9111. Our corporate
Web site address is www.westlakechemical.com. The
information contained in our corporate Web site is not part
of this prospectus.
6
Continue productivity
improvements.
We focus on productivity
improvements and cost reduction across our businesses. For
example, we have increased our production capacity by
approximately 20% since 1999 with minimal change in employee
headcount. We completed a conversion at our chlorine facility in
2002 that reduced energy consumption per ton by approximately
23% and increased annual capacity by 64%. We will continue to
improve our feedstock flexibility at our ethylene facilities,
which will enhance our ability to select feedstocks depending on
prevailing market prices.
Pursue low-cost expansion
opportunities.
We will continue to
invest in opportunities to prudently expand capacity through new
investments and debottlenecking initiatives. For example, we
acquired a vinyls facility in Geismar, Louisiana in 2002 and
started the EDC portion of the facility in the fourth quarter of
2003, enabling us to more economically provide basic chemicals
to our vinyls chain. We have begun planning for a phased
start-up of our VCM and PVC facilities in Geismar, Louisiana.
The first phase of the start-up, which is expected to commence
in 2005, will consist of one PVC train with approximately 300
million pounds of capacity per year. Any start-up of future
phases will be determined by market conditions at the time. In
our Olefins segment, we recently completed a scheduled
turnaround at Lake Charles that increased ethylene capacity by
100 million pounds per year. These investments allow us to
significantly increase sales and further improve operating
efficiencies with modest incremental capital expenditures.
Maintain a disciplined acquisition
strategy.
Since our formation, we have
successfully integrated 11 acquisitions. We recently
completed the acquisition of the assets of Bristolpipe
Corporation. See Recent Developments
Bristolpipe Acquisition. Going forward, we will actively
seek opportunities in our Vinyls and Olefins businesses that
enhance our level of integration, improve our product portfolio,
expand our market presence or provide operational synergies and
cost savings.
The Offering
The number of shares of our common stock to be
outstanding after this offering excludes 6,327,000 shares
of common stock reserved for issuance under our omnibus
incentive plan. Effective upon and subject to the completion of
this offering, we plan to grant awards with respect to an
aggregate of 633,000 shares of our common stock to our
employees and non-employee directors. Approximately 75% of the
awards we plan to grant will be stock options with an exercise
price equal to the public offering price per share indicated on
the cover of this prospectus and approximately 25% of the awards
will be restricted stock units. The number of shares of common
stock to be outstanding after the offering set forth in this
prospectus does not take these awards into account.
Unless we specifically state otherwise, the
information in this prospectus does not take into account the
sale of a maximum of 1,764,706 additional shares of common stock
that the underwriters have the option to purchase to cover
over-allotments.
7
Summary Consolidated Financial, Operating and
Industry Data
We have provided in the table below summary
consolidated financial, operating and industry data. We have
derived the statement of operations data for each of the years
in the three-year period ended December 31, 2003, and the
balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002 and 2003, from
audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in
this prospectus. We have derived the statement of operations
data for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 2000, and
the balance sheet data as of December 31, 1999, 2000 and
2001, from audited consolidated financial statements not
included in this prospectus. We have derived the statement of
operations data for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and
2004, and the balance sheet data as of June 30, 2003 and
2004, from unaudited consolidated financial statements appearing
elsewhere in this prospectus. The historical financial
information may not be indicative of our future performance, and
results of operations for the six-month period ended
June 30, 2004 may not be indicative of the results of
operations that may be achieved for the entire year. You should
read this information in conjunction with Selected
Consolidated Financial, Operating and Industry Data,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated
financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere
in this prospectus.
8
9
Reconciliation of EBITDA to Net Income (Loss)
and
EBITDA has not been adjusted to exclude the
effect of the following items:
10
11
Six Months Ended
Year Ended December 31,
June 30,
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2003
2004
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
$
1,058,507
$
1,392,276
$
1,087,033
$
1,072,627
$
1,423,034
$
698,557
$
850,253
176,965
198,924
(29,921
)
80,569
121,952
65,871
120,336
48,490
62,038
53,203
64,258
57,014
32,373
26,196
(3,162
)
2,748
10,777
7,677
2,239
2,285
932
1,314
125,727
126,109
(90,801
)
14,072
65,815
32,566
92,826
(47,516
)
(37,281
)
(35,454
)
(35,044
)
(38,589
)
(17,450
)
(22,117
)
(11,343
)
7,287
1,866
8,916
6,769
7,620
6,309
(1,356
)
85,498
90,694
(117,339
)
(14,203
)
23,503
21,425
69,353
30,276
35,695
(45,353
)
(7,141
)
8,747
7,972
24,274
$
55,222
$
54,999
$
(71,986
)
$
(7,062
)
$
14,756
$
13,453
$
45,079
$
1.12
$
1.11
$
(1.45
)
$
(0.14
)
$
0.30
$
0.27
$
0.91
49,499,395
49,499,395
49,499,395
49,499,395
49,499,395
49,499,395
49,499,395
period):
$
9,131
$
11,529
$
79,095
$
11,123
$
37,381
$
9,598
$
57,376
108,107
117,818
138,211
158,993
197,715
201,214
289,453
1,319,723
1,374,645
1,308,858
1,309,245
1,370,113
1,338,274
1,441,909
508,691
425,559
540,855
533,350
537,289
522,467
536,689
19,700
19,700
22,100
22,100
22,100
22,100
22,100
449,834
504,203
430,752
428,519
445,603
443,386
490,431
$
132,618
$
173,377
$
26,370
$
(21,326
)
$
78,087
$
25,195
$
38,985
(26,685
)
(87,693
)
(76,500
)
(38,686
)
(41,581
)
(15,720
)
(18,390
)
(127,830
)
(83,286
)
117,696
(7,960
)
(10,248
)
(11,000
)
(600
)
84,947
78,757
81,690
88,018
87,293
44,212
41,738
30,604
78,893
76,500
43,587
44,931
18,977
19,396
217,961
206,732
(195
)
108,859
149,385
83,087
133,208
Six Months
Ended
Year Ended December 31,
June 30,
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2003
2004
(Millions of pounds)
586
607
560
339
442
226
285
1,117
1,213
1,076
1,199
1,280
615
635
445
455
494
428
419
182
246
310
300
309
301
296
129
133
387
394
459
473
436
230
187
318
335
331
410
388
196
238
506
437
501
543
517
243
286
(Cents per pound, except as noted)
21.5
27.2
21.4
16.9
21.5
22.2
28.5
41.0
46.4
42.8
41.9
52.2
51.5
55.5
22.9
34.8
21.8
27.3
31.7
32.1
39.4
32.8
36.7
31.4
34.4
42.5
42.2
43.0
18.3
25.3
18.9
19.9
25.7
25.8
30.3
95.4
155.0
245.0
94.8
114.4
153.8
86.9
2.32
4.32
4.04
3.36
5.50
5.83
5.94
(1)
The 2003 impairments related primarily to idled
styrene assets and other miscellaneous assets written down to
fair market value. The 2002 impairment related to a ceased
product business. Impairments in 2001 and 2000 related primarily
to assets that were acquired but never placed in service.
Impairments in 1999 related primarily to a fabricated products
business that was subsequently sold and an idled PVC plant.
(2)
Other income (expense), net is composed of
interest income, insurance proceeds, income and expenses related
to our accounts receivable securitization facility which was
terminated in July 2003, equity income, management fee income
and other gains and losses.
(3)
Does not reflect the issuance of common stock in
exchange for the preferred stock as part of the Transactions. No
cash dividends were paid during any of the periods presented.
(4)
Working capital equals current assets less
current liabilities.
(5)
EBITDA (a non-GAAP financial measure) is
calculated as net income before interest expense, income taxes,
depreciation and amortization. The body of accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States is commonly referred to
as GAAP. For this purpose a non-GAAP financial
measure is generally defined by the SEC as one that purports to
measure historical and future financial performance, financial
position or cash flows, but excludes or includes amounts that
would not be so adjusted in the most comparable GAAP measures.
We have included EBITDA in this prospectus because our
management considers it an important supplemental measure of our
performance and believes that it is frequently used by
securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in
the evaluation of companies in our industry, some of which
present EBITDA when reporting their results. We regularly
evaluate our performance as compared to other companies in our
industry that have different financing and capital structures
and/or tax rates by using EBITDA. EBITDA allows for meaningful
company-to-company performance comparisons by adjusting for
factors such as interest expense, depreciation and amortization
and taxes, which often vary from company to company. In
addition, we utilize EBITDA in evaluating acquisition targets.
Management also believes that EBITDA is a useful tool for
measuring our ability to meet our future
debt service, capital expenditures and working
capital requirements, and EBITDA is commonly used by us and our
investors to measure our ability to service indebtedness. EBITDA
is not a substitute for the GAAP measures of earnings or of cash
flow and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our
cash needs. In addition, it should be noted that companies
calculate EBITDA differently and, therefore, EBITDA as presented
in this prospectus may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by
other companies. EBITDA has material limitations as a
performance measure because it excludes (1) interest
expense, which is a necessary element of our costs and ability
to generate revenues because we have borrowed money to finance
our operations, (2) depreciation, which is a necessary
element of our costs and ability to generate revenues because we
use capital assets and (3) income taxes, which is a necessary
element of our operations. We compensate for these limitations
by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using EBITDA only
supplementally. The following table reconciles EBITDA to net
income (loss) and to cash flow from operating activities.
Six Months Ended
Year Ended December 31,
June 30,
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2003
2004
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
$
217,961
$
206,732
$
(195
)
$
108,859
$
149,385
$
83,087
$
133,208
(30,276
)
(35,695
)
45,353
7,141
(8,747
)
(7,972
)
(24,274
)
(47,516
)
(37,281
)
(35,454
)
(35,044
)
(38,589
)
(17,450
)
(22,117
)
(84,947
)
(78,757
)
(81,690
)
(88,018
)
(87,293
)
(44,212
)
(41,738
)
55,222
54,999
(71,986
)
(7,062
)
14,756
13,453
45,079
45,078
74,602
133,779
(19,137
)
63,345
4,010
(29,819
)
(295
)
(8
)
(1,138
)
(770
)
(1,510
)
(817
)
(711
)
28,565
32,951
(45,779
)
(4,716
)
7,112
7,511
22,497
2,748
10,777
7,677
2,239
2,285
932
1,314
7,343
(2,259
)
(2,903
)
(2,824
)
(167
)
887
1,106
1,300
56
3,817
10,379
1,872
2,930
(314
)
$
132,618
$
173,377
$
26,370
$
(21,326
)
$
93,187
$
25,195
$
38,985
$
(2,748
)
$
(10,777
)
$
(7,677
)
$
(2,239
)
$
(2,285
)
$
(932
)
$
(1,314
)
(11,343
)
7,287
1,866
8,916
6,769
7,620
6,309
(1,356
)
(6)
These are average industry prices for the
indicated products as reported by CMAI and are not the prices we
realized.
(7)
Represents average North American spot prices of
ethylene over the period as reported by CMAI.
(8)
Represents average North American contract prices
of LDPE general purpose film over the period as reported by CMAI.
(9)
Represents average North American spot prices of
styrene over the period as reported by CMAI.
(10)
Represents average North American contract prices
of PVC over the period as reported by CMAI.
(11)
Represents average North American contract prices
of VCM over the period as reported by CMAI.
(12)
Represents average North American spot prices of
caustic soda (diaphragm grade) over the period as reported by
CMAI.
(13)
Represents average prices of Henry Hub natural
gas over the period as reported by the New York Mercantile
Exchange (NYMEX).
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider each of the following risks and all of the information set forth in this prospectus before deciding to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
Cyclicality in the petrochemical industry has in the past, and may in the future, result in reduced operating margins or operating losses. |
Our historical operating results reflect the cyclical and volatile nature of the petrochemical industry. The industry is mature and capital intensive. Margins in this industry are sensitive to supply and demand balances both domestically and internationally, which historically have been cyclical. The cycles are generally characterized by periods of tight supply, leading to high operating rates and margins, followed by periods of oversupply primarily resulting from significant capacity additions, leading to reduced operating rates and lower margins.
Moreover, profitability in the petrochemical industry is affected by the worldwide level of demand along with vigorous price competition which may intensify due to, among other things, new domestic and foreign industry capacity. In general, weak economic conditions either in the United States or in the world tend to reduce demand and put pressure on margins. It is not possible to predict accurately the supply and demand balances, market conditions and other factors that will affect industry operating margins in the future.
We sell commodity products in highly competitive markets and face significant competition and price pressure. |
We sell our products in highly competitive markets. Due to the commodity nature of many of our products, competition in these markets is based primarily on price and to a lesser extent on performance, product quality, product deliverability and customer service. As a result, we generally are not able to protect our market position for these products by product differentiation and may not be able to pass on cost increases to our customers. Accordingly, increases in raw material and other costs may not necessarily correlate with changes in prices for these products, either in the direction of the price change or in magnitude. Specifically, timing differences in pricing between raw material prices, which may change daily, and contract product prices, which in many cases are negotiated only monthly or less often, sometimes with an additional lag in effective dates for increases, have had and may continue to have a negative effect on profitability. Significant volatility in raw material costs tends to put pressure on product margins, as sales price increases generally tend to lag behind raw material cost increases. Conversely, when raw material costs decrease, customers seek relief in the form of lower sales prices.
High costs of raw materials and energy may result in increased operating expenses and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow. |
Significant variations in the costs and availability of raw materials and energy may negatively affect our results of operations. These costs have risen significantly over the past several years due primarily to oil and natural gas cost increases. We purchase significant amounts of ethane and propane feedstock, natural gas, chlorine and salt to produce several basic chemicals. We also purchase significant amounts of electricity to supply the energy required in our production processes. The cost of these raw materials and energy, in the aggregate, represents a substantial portion of our operating expenses. The prices of raw materials and energy generally follow price trends of, and vary with market conditions for, crude oil and natural gas, which are highly volatile and cyclical. Our results of operations have been and could in the future be significantly affected by increases in these costs. Price increases increase our working capital needs and, accordingly, can adversely affect our liquidity and cash flow. We typically do not enter into
12
In addition, higher natural gas prices adversely affect the ability of many domestic chemical producers to compete internationally since U.S. producers are disproportionately reliant on natural gas and natural gas liquids as an energy source and as a raw material. In addition to the impact that this has on our exports, reduced competitiveness of U.S. producers also has in the past increased the availability of chemicals in North America, as U.S. production that would otherwise have been sold overseas was instead offered for sale domestically, resulting in excess supply and lower prices in North America. We could also face the threat of imported products from countries that have a cost advantage.
There is overcapacity in certain segments of the petrochemical industry that may result in lower operating rates and margins. |
Currently, there is overcapacity in the ethylene and polymers industries as a number of our competitors have added capacity. Future growth in product demand may not be sufficient to utilize this excess capacity. Excess industry capacity has depressed, and may continue to depress, our operating rates and margins. The global economic and political environment continues to be uncertain, contributing to reduced industry operating rates, adding to the volatility of raw materials and energy costs, and forestalling the industrys recovery from trough conditions, which may place pressure on our results of operations.
External factors beyond our control can cause fluctuations in demand for our products and in our prices and margins, which may negatively affect our results of operations and cash flow. |
External factors beyond our control can cause volatility in raw material prices, demand for our products, product prices and volumes and deterioration in operating margins. These factors can also magnify the impact of economic cycles on our business and results of operations. Examples of external factors include:
| general economic conditions; | |
| the level of business activity in the industries that use our products; | |
| competitor action; | |
| technological innovations; | |
| currency fluctuations; | |
| international events and circumstances; and | |
| governmental regulation in the United States and abroad. |
We believe that events in the Middle East have had a particular influence over the past few years and may continue to do so until the situations normalize. In addition, a number of our products are highly dependent on durable goods markets, such as housing and construction, which are themselves particularly cyclical. If the global economy does not continue to improve, demand for our products and our income and cash flow will continue to be adversely affected.
We may reduce production at or idle a facility for an extended period of time or exit a business because of high raw material prices, an oversupply of a particular product and/or a lack of demand for that particular product, which makes production uneconomical. Temporary outages sometimes last for several quarters or, in certain cases, longer and cause us to incur costs, including the expenses of maintaining and restarting these facilities. Factors such as increases in raw material costs or lower demand in the future may cause us to further reduce operating rates or idle facilities or exit uncompetitive businesses.
13
Continued hostilities in the Middle East and/or the occurrence or threat of occurrence of future terrorist attacks such as those against the United States on September 11, 2001 could adversely affect the economies of the United States and other developed countries. A lower level of economic activity could result in a decline in demand for our products, which could adversely affect our net sales and margins and limit our future growth prospects. In addition, these risks have and may continue to increase volatility in prices for crude oil and natural gas and could result in increased feedstock costs. In addition, these risks could cause increased instability in the financial and insurance markets and adversely affect our ability to access capital and to obtain insurance coverage that we consider adequate or are otherwise required by our contracts with third parties.
Our inability to compete successfully may reduce our operating profits. |
The petrochemical industry is highly competitive. In the last several years, there have been a number of mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs and joint ventures in the industry. This restructuring activity has resulted in fewer but more competitive producers, many of which are larger than we are and have greater financial resources than we do. Among our competitors are some of the worlds largest chemical companies and chemical industry joint ventures. Competition within the petrochemical industry and in the manufacturing of fabricated products is affected by a variety of factors, including:
| product price; | |
| technical support and customer service; | |
| quality; | |
| reliability of supply; | |
| availability of potential substitute materials; and | |
| product performance. |
Changes in the competitive environment could have a material adverse effect on our business and our operations. These changes could include:
| the emergence of new domestic and international competitors; | |
| the rate of capacity additions by competitors; | |
| change in customer base due to mergers; | |
| the intensification of price competition in our markets; | |
| the introduction of new or substitute products by competitors; | |
| the technological innovations of competitors; and | |
| the adoption of new environmental laws and regulatory requirements. |
Our production facilities process some volatile and hazardous materials that subject us to operating risks that could adversely affect our operating results. |
We have three major manufacturing facilities: our olefins complex in Lake Charles, Louisiana, our vinyls complex in Calvert City, Kentucky and our vinyls facility in Geismar, Louisiana. Our operations are subject to the usual hazards associated with commodity chemical and plastics manufacturing and the related use, storage, transportation and disposal of feedstocks, products and wastes, including:
| pipeline leaks and ruptures; | |
| explosions; | |
| fires; | |
| severe weather and natural disasters; |
14
| mechanical failure; | |
| unscheduled downtime; | |
| labor difficulties; | |
| transportation interruptions; | |
| chemical spills; | |
| discharges or releases of toxic or hazardous substances or gases; | |
| storage tank leaks; | |
| other environmental risks; and | |
| terrorist attacks. |
These hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, catastrophic damage to or destruction of property and equipment and environmental damage, and may result in a suspension of operations and the imposition of civil or criminal penalties. We could become subject to environmental claims brought by governmental entities or third parties. The loss or shutdown over an extended period of operations at either of our major operating facilities would have a material adverse effect on us. We maintain property, business interruption and casualty insurance that we believe is in accordance with customary industry practices, but we cannot be fully insured against all potential hazards incident to our business, including losses resulting from war risks or terrorist acts. As a result of market conditions, premiums and deductibles for certain insurance policies can increase substantially and, in some instances, certain insurance may become unavailable or available only for reduced amounts of coverage. If we were to incur a significant liability for which we were not fully insured, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position.
New regulations concerning the transportation of hazardous chemicals and the security of chemical manufacturing facilities could result in higher operating costs. |
Targets such as chemical manufacturing facilities may be at greater risk of future terrorist attacks than other targets in the United States. As a result, the chemical industry has responded to the issues surrounding the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 by starting new initiatives relating to the security of chemicals industry facilities and the transportation of hazardous chemicals in the United States. Simultaneously, local, state and federal governments have begun a regulatory process that could lead to new regulations impacting the security of chemical plant locations and the transportation of hazardous chemicals. Our business or our customers businesses could be adversely affected because of the cost of complying with new regulations.
Our operations and assets are subject to extensive environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. |
We use large quantities of hazardous substances and generate large quantities of hazardous wastes in our manufacturing operations. Due to the large quantities of hazardous substances and wastes, our industry is highly regulated and monitored by various environmental regulatory authorities. As such, we are subject to extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations pertaining to pollution and protection of the environment, health and safety and governing, among other things, emissions to the air, discharges onto land or waters, the maintenance of safe conditions in the workplace, the remediation of contaminated sites, and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste materials. Some of these laws and regulations are subject to varying and conflicting interpretations. Many of these laws and regulations provide for substantial fines and potential criminal sanctions for violations and require the installation of costly pollution control equipment or operational changes to limit pollution emissions and/or reduce the likelihood or impact of hazardous substance releases, whether permitted or not. For example, at our Calvert City facilities, we are currently planning equipment and operational changes necessary to comply with anticipated requirements of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys recently promulgated
15
In addition, we cannot accurately predict future developments, such as increasingly strict environmental laws or regulations, and inspection and enforcement policies, as well as resulting higher compliance costs, which might affect the handling, manufacture, use, emission, disposal or remediation of products, other materials or hazardous and non-hazardous waste, and we cannot predict with certainty the extent of our future liabilities and costs under environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. These liabilities and costs may be material.
We also may face liability for alleged personal injury or property damage due to exposure to chemicals or other hazardous substances at our facilities or to chemicals that we otherwise manufacture, handle or own. Although these types of claims have not historically had a material impact on our operations, a significant increase in the success of these types of claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flow.
Environmental laws may have a significant effect on the nature and scope of, and responsibility for, cleanup of contamination at our current and former operating facilities, the costs of transportation and storage of raw materials and finished products, the costs of reducing emissions and the costs of the storage and disposal of wastewater. In addition, the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, and similar state laws, impose joint and several liability for the costs of remedial investigations and actions on the entities that generated waste, arranged for disposal of the wastes, transported to or selected the disposal sites and the past and present owners and operators of such sites. All such potentially responsible parties (or any one of them, including us) may be required to bear all of such costs regardless of fault, legality of the original disposal or ownership of the disposal site. In addition, CERCLA and similar state laws could impose liability for damages to natural resources caused by contamination.
Although we seek to take preventive action, our operations are inherently subject to accidental spills, discharges or other releases of hazardous substances that may make us liable to governmental entities or private parties. This may involve contamination associated with our current and former facilities, facilities to which we sent wastes or by-products for treatment or disposal and other contamination. Accidental discharges may occur in the future, future action may be taken in connection with past discharges, governmental agencies may assess damages or penalties against us in connection with any past or future contamination, or third parties may assert claims against us for damages allegedly arising out of any past or future contamination. In addition, we may be liable for existing contamination related to certain of our facilities for which, in some cases, we believe third parties are liable in the event such third parties fail to perform their obligations. For further discussion of such existing contamination, see Our Business Environmental and Other Regulation.
Our property insurance does not cover acts of terrorism and, in the event of a terrorist attack, we could lose net sales and our facilities. |
As a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and other events, our insurance carriers have created exclusions for losses from terrorism from our all risk property insurance policies. While separate terrorism insurance coverage is available, premiums for such coverage are very expensive, especially for chemical facilities, and the policies are subject to very high deductibles. Available terrorism coverage typically excludes coverage for losses from acts of foreign governments as well as nuclear, biological and chemical attacks. We have determined that it is not economically prudent to obtain terrorism insurance, especially given the significant risks that are not covered by such insurance, and we do not carry terrorism insurance on our property at this time. In the event of a terrorist attack impacting one or more of our facilities, we could lose the net sales from the facilities and the facilities themselves, and
16
We have significant debt, which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business. |
As of June 30, 2004, we had total outstanding debt of approximately $536.7 million, and we expect our annual interest expense for 2004 to be approximately $40 million and our current debt maturities during such period to be $28.2 million. With each 1% increase in the average interest rate on our floating rate debt, the amount of our annual debt service would increase by approximately $1.6 million. This debt represented approximately 51.2% of our total capitalization. At June 30, 2004, we had $186.6 million of available capacity under our $200 million credit facility and we may continue to borrow thereunder to fund working capital or other needs in the near term. On a pro forma basis as of June 30, 2004, after giving effect to the Transactions, the offering and the application of the net proceeds of the offering as described under Use of Proceeds, we would have had total outstanding debt of approximately $348.3 million. Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our existing or future debt agreements could have significant consequences on our business and future prospects, including the following:
| a significant portion of our cash flow from operations will be dedicated to the payment of interest and principal on our debt and will not be available for other purposes, including the payment of dividends; | |
| we may not be able to pay the regular quarterly dividend that we currently intend to pay; | |
| we may not be able to obtain necessary financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements or other purposes; | |
| our less leveraged competitors could have a competitive advantage because they have greater flexibility to utilize their cash flow to improve their operations; | |
| we may be exposed to risks inherent in interest rate fluctuations because some of our borrowings are at variable rates of interest, which would result in higher interest expense in the event of increases in interest rates; and | |
| we could be more vulnerable in the event of a downturn in our business that would leave us less able to take advantage of significant business opportunities and to react to changes in our business and in market or industry conditions. |
To service our indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control. |
Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness and to fund planned capital expenditures and pay cash dividends will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control.
Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, currently anticipated cost savings and operating improvements may not be realized on schedule and future borrowings may not be available to us under our credit facility in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. In addition, we may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, including our credit facility, our term loan and our senior notes, on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
17
Our credit facility, our term loan and the indenture governing our senior notes impose significant operating and financial restrictions, which may prevent us from capitalizing on business opportunities and taking some actions. |
Our credit facility, our term loan and the indenture governing our senior notes impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions limit our ability to:
| pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase our capital stock; | |
| make investments and other restricted payments; | |
| incur additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock; | |
| create liens; | |
| permit dividend or other payment restrictions on our restricted subsidiaries; | |
| sell all or substantially all of our assets or consolidate or merge with or into other companies; | |
| engage in transactions with affiliates; and | |
| engage in sale-leaseback transactions. |
These limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions. Our credit facility also requires us to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio if availability falls below a specified level. These covenants may adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations and capital needs and to pursue available business opportunities. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default in respect of the related debt. If a default occurred, the relevant lenders could elect to declare the debt, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable and proceed against any collateral securing that debt. In addition, any acceleration of debt under our credit facility or our term loan will constitute a default under some of our other debt, including the indenture governing our senior notes.
We may pursue acquisitions, dispositions and joint ventures and other transactions that may impact our results of operations and financial condition. |
We seek opportunities to maximize efficiency and create stockholder value through various transactions. These transactions may include various business combinations, purchases or sales of assets or contractual arrangements or joint ventures that are intended to result in the realization of synergies, the creation of efficiencies or the generation of cash to reduce debt. To the extent permitted under our credit facility and other debt agreements, some of these transactions may be financed by additional borrowings by us. Although these transactions are expected to yield longer-term benefits if the expected efficiencies and synergies of the transactions are realized, they could adversely affect our results of operations in the short term because of the costs associated with such transactions. Other transactions may advance future cash flows from some of our businesses, thereby yielding increased short-term liquidity, but consequently resulting in lower cash flows from these operations over the longer term.
We may have difficulties integrating the operations of the businesses we may acquire. |
If we are unable to integrate or to successfully manage the Bristolpipe assets or the businesses we may acquire in the future, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We may not be able to realize the operating efficiencies, synergies, cost savings or other benefits expected from the acquisitions for a number of reasons, including the following:
| we may fail to integrate the businesses we acquire into a cohesive, efficient enterprise; |
18
| our resources, including management resources, are limited and may be strained if we engage in a significant number of acquisitions, and acquisitions may divert our managements attention from initiating or carrying out programs to save costs or enhance revenues; and | |
| our failure to retain key employees and contracts of the businesses we acquire. |
Risks Related to Our Principal Stockholder
We will be controlled by the principal stockholder and its affiliates as long as they own a majority of our outstanding common stock, and you will be unable to affect the outcome of stockholder voting during that time. |
As long as the principal stockholder and its affiliates own, directly or indirectly, a majority of our outstanding common stock, they will be able to exert significant control over us, including the ability to elect our entire board of directors. Investors in this offering, by themselves, will not be able to affect the outcome of any stockholder vote. As a result, the principal stockholder, subject to any fiduciary duty owed to our minority stockholders under Delaware law, will be able to control all matters affecting us, including:
| the composition of our board of directors and, through it, any determination with respect to our business direction and policies, including the appointment and removal of officers; | |
| the determination of incentive compensation, which may affect our ability to retain key employees; | |
| the allocation of business opportunities between the principal stockholder, or any successor thereof, any partner thereof, any person or entity that is controlled by the principal stockholder, controls the principal stockholder or is under common control with the principal stockholder (other than us and any entity that is controlled by us) and any director, officer, employee or equity owner of any of the foregoing entities (collectively, the Principal Stockholder Affiliates), and us; | |
| any determinations with respect to mergers or other business combinations; | |
| our acquisition or disposition of assets; | |
| our financing decisions and our capital raising activities; | |
| the payment of dividends on our common stock; | |
| amendments to our restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws; and | |
| determinations with respect to our tax returns. |
The principal stockholder is generally not prohibited from selling a controlling interest in us to a third party. Because we have elected not to be subject to Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the principal stockholder, as a controlling stockholder, may find it easier to sell its controlling interest to a third party than if we had not taken such actions. See Description of Capital Stock Delaware Business Combination Statute for a description of Section 203 and the potential positive and negative consequences, depending on the circumstances, of electing not to be subject to it.
Our interests may conflict with those of the Principal Stockholder Affiliates with respect to our past and ongoing business relationships, and because of the principal stockholders initial controlling ownership, we may not be able to resolve these conflicts on terms commensurate with those possible in arms-length transactions. |
Our interests may conflict with those of the Principal Stockholder Affiliates in a number of areas relating to our past and ongoing relationships, including:
| the solicitation and hiring of employees from each other; | |
| the timing and manner of any sales or distributions by the principal stockholder of all or any portion of its ownership interest in us; | |
19
| agreements with the Principal Stockholder Affiliates relating to corporate services that may be material to our business; | |
| business opportunities that may be presented to the Principal Stockholder Affiliates and to our officers and directors associated with the Principal Stockholder Affiliates; | |
| competition between Principal Stockholder Affiliates and us within the same lines of business; and | |
| our dividend policy. |
We may not be able to resolve any potential conflicts with the Principal Stockholder Affiliates, and even if we do, the resolution may be less favorable than if we were dealing with an unaffiliated party. Our restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Principal Stockholder Affiliates have no duty to refrain from engaging in activities or lines of business similar to ours and that the Principal Stockholder Affiliates will not be liable to us or our stockholders for failing to present specified corporate opportunities to us. See Description of Capital Stock Transactions and Corporate Opportunities.
Transfers of our common stock by the principal stockholder could adversely affect your rights as a stockholder and cause our stock price to decline. |
The principal stockholder will be permitted to transfer a controlling interest in us without allowing you to participate or realize a premium for your shares of common stock. A sale of a controlling interest to a third party may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our business and results of operations because the change in control may result in a change of management decisions and business policy.
Risks Related to This Offering, the Securities Markets and Ownership of Our Common Stock
Substantial sales of our common stock by the principal stockholder or us could cause our stock price to decline and issuances by us may dilute your ownership interest in our company. |
We are unable to predict whether significant amounts of our common stock will be sold by the principal stockholder after the offering. Any sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market by the principal stockholder or us, or the perception that these sales might occur, could lower the market price of our common stock. Further, if we issue additional equity securities to raise additional capital, your ownership interest in our company may be diluted and the value of your investment may be reduced. Please read Shares Eligible for Future Sale for information about the number of shares that will be outstanding and could be sold after this offering.
The initial public offering price of our common stock may not be indicative of the market price of our common stock after this offering. |
Prior to this offering, the principal stockholder held all of our outstanding common stock, and therefore, there has been no public market for our common stock. An active market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained after this offering. The initial public offering price of our common stock will be determined by negotiations between us and representatives of the underwriters, based on numerous factors that we discuss in the Underwriting section of this prospectus. This price may not be indicative of the market price at which our common stock will trade after this initial public offering.
20
The price of our common stock may be volatile. |
The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations after this offering, and may decline below the initial public offering price. You may not be able to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price. Among the factors that could affect our stock price are:
| our operating and financial performance and prospects; | |
| quarterly variations in the rate of growth of our financial indicators, such as earnings per share, net income and revenues; | |
| changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports by analysts; | |
| speculation in the press or investment community; | |
| strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings; | |
| sales of our common stock by stockholders; | |
| actions by institutional investors or by the principal stockholder; | |
| fluctuations in oil and gas prices; | |
| general market conditions, including fluctuations in commodity prices; and | |
| U.S. and international economic, legal and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance. |
The stock markets in general have experienced extreme volatility that has at times been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.
If we are unable to pay regular dividends on our common stock, you may not receive funds without selling your common stock. |
We intend to pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.02125 per share to holders of our common stock. Any payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applying to the payment of dividends, and other considerations that our board of directors deems relevant. Our 8 3/4% senior notes, term loan agreement and revolving credit facility also include limitations on our payment of dividends. Accordingly, you may have to sell some or all of your common stock in order to generate cash flow from your investment. You may not receive a gain on your investment when you sell your common stock and you may lose the entire amount of the investment.
Provisions in our charter documents or Delaware law may inhibit a takeover, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock. |
Our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as Delaware corporate law, contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control or changes in our management that a stockholder might consider favorable. These provisions apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some of our stockholders. If a change of control or change in management is delayed or prevented, the market price of our common stock could decline. Please read Description of Capital Stock for a description of these provisions.
Purchasers in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in net tangible book value per share. |
Dilution per share represents the difference between the initial public offering price and the net consolidated book value per share immediately after the offering of our common stock. Purchasers of our common stock in this offering will experience immediate dilution of $6.73 in pro forma net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2004.
21
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain of the statements contained in this prospectus are forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this prospectus that address activities, events or developments that we expect, project, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as believes, intends, may, should, could, anticipates, expected or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategies or trends. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot give any assurances that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements relate to matters such as:
| future operating rates, margins, cash flow and demand for our products; | |
| production capacities; | |
| expected cyclical recovery in the olefins and vinyls industries; | |
| our ability to borrow additional funds under our credit facility; | |
| our intended quarterly dividends; | |
| future capacity additions and expansions in the industry; | |
| compliance with present and future environmental regulations and costs associated with environmentally related penalties, capital expenditures, remedial actions and proceedings; | |
| effects of pending legal proceedings; and | |
| expected start-up of VCM and PVC facilities in Geismar, Louisiana. |
We have based these statements on assumptions and analyses in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe were appropriate in the circumstances when the statements were made. Forward-looking statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact expected results, and actual future results could differ materially from those described in such statements. While it is not possible to identify all factors, we continue to face many risks and uncertainties. Among the factors that could cause actual future results to differ materially are the risks and uncertainties discussed under Risk Factors and those described from time to time in our other filings with the SEC including, but not limited to, the following:
| general economic and business conditions; | |
| the cyclical nature of the chemical industry; | |
| the availability, cost and volatility of raw materials and energy; | |
| uncertainties associated with the United States and worldwide economies, including those due to political tensions in the Middle East and elsewhere; | |
| current and potential governmental regulatory actions in the United States and regulatory actions and political unrest in other countries; | |
| industry production capacity and operating rates; | |
| the supply/demand balance for our products; | |
| competitive products and pricing pressures; | |
| access to capital markets; | |
| terrorist acts; |
22
| operating interruptions (including leaks, explosions, fires, weather-related incidents, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime, labor difficulties, transportation interruptions, spills and releases and other environmental risks); | |
| changes in laws or regulations; | |
| technological developments; | |
| our ability to implement our business strategies; and | |
| creditworthiness of our customers. |
Many of such factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. Any of the factors, or a combination of these factors, could materially affect our future results of operations and the ultimate accuracy of the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of our future performance, and our actual results and future developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Management cautions against putting undue reliance on forward-looking statements or projecting any future results based on such statements or present or prior earnings levels.
23
THE TRANSACTIONS
Our parent entities have consummated a series of transactions designed to simplify our ownership structure in connection with this offering. Westlake Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc. (WPPI), formerly our direct parent, and Gulf Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc., formerly the direct parent of WPPI (GPPI), have both merged into Westlake Chemical Corporation, which survived the mergers and continues our business. As a result of the mergers, all of the common and preferred stock of Westlake Chemical Corporation, WPPI and GPPI outstanding prior to the mergers, as well as the preferred stock of a subsidiary of GPPI outstanding prior to the mergers, has been exchanged for common stock. TTWF LP, a Delaware limited partnership, has become the sole stockholder of our company, and members of the Chao family and related trusts and other entities, which were the stockholders of Westlake Chemical Corporation, WPPI and GPPI prior to the mergers, now own, directly or indirectly, all of the partnership interests in TTWF LP. In connection with the mergers, we have effected a stock split of our common stock. The mergers have been treated as a reorganization of entities under common control, and our consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus reflect the mergers and the stock split (but not the exchange of preferred stock for common stock) as if they had occurred prior to January 1, 1999. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the information in this prospectus relating to us assumes the completion of the mergers and the stock split described above.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that our net proceeds from the sale of 11,764,706 shares of our common stock in this offering will be approximately $186.0 million (approximately $214.2 million if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full), after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and our estimated offering expenses. This estimate assumes a public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the mid-point of the offering price range indicated on the cover of this prospectus.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering and available cash of $14.0 million to:
| redeem $133.0 million of our 8 3/4% senior notes due July 15, 2011, and pay $11.6 million of redemption premium; | |
| repay approximately $28.4 million of indebtedness under our senior secured term loan that matures in July 2010; and | |
| repay $27.0 million of indebtedness under our line of credit facility on or before December 31, 2004, its final maturity date. |
To the extent the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option, we may use the net proceeds from such sale for general corporate purposes, including the additional repayment of indebtedness and/or the repurchase of common stock held by the principal stockholder at the then prevailing market price.
Pending the uses described above, we may use net proceeds from this offering to make short-term investments or for general corporate purposes.
In July 2003, we issued $380.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 and borrowed $120.0 million under the senior secured term loan due in 2010 in order to repay in full all outstanding amounts under our then-existing revolving credit facility, term loan and 9.5% Senior A and B notes. Amounts outstanding under our senior secured term loan currently bear interest at either the Eurodollar Rate plus 3.75% or Bank of Americas prime rate plus 2.75%. Our line of credit facility currently bears interest at LIBOR plus 0.6%. As of June 30, 2004, amounts outstanding under the term loan and the line of credit facility bore interest at 4.96% and 2.00%, respectively.
24
DIVIDEND POLICY
We intend to pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.02125 per share to the holders of our common stock. Our board of directors will determine the payment of future dividends on our common stock, if any, and the amount of any dividends in light of:
| any applicable contractual restrictions limiting our ability to pay dividends; | |
| our earnings and cash flows; | |
| our capital requirements; | |
| our financial condition; and | |
| other factors our board of directors deems relevant. |
Our credit facility, term loan agreement and the indenture governing our 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 restrict our ability to pay dividends or other distributions on our equity securities. As of June 30, 2004, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the Transactions, the offering and the application of the net proceeds of the offering as described under Use of Proceeds, we would have had at least $237.2 million available for the payment of dividends under the most restrictive of these covenants, provided that we have $80.0 million in specified availability under the credit facility and satisfy the fixed charge coverage ratios required by the credit facility and the term loan on the date we pay the dividend. We do not currently expect these restrictions to materially limit our ability to pay regular quarterly cash dividends.
25
DILUTION
The net tangible book value of our common stock at June 30, 2004 was approximately $464.1 million, or $9.01 per share. Net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets reduced by our total liabilities and divided by the aggregate number of shares of our common stock outstanding. Dilution in net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the amount per share of our common stock that you pay in this offering and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering.
After giving effect to the sale of 11,764,706 shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, and after deducting an assumed underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our net tangible book value of our common stock at June 30, 2004 would have been approximately $650.1 million, or $10.27 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $1.26 per share to the principal stockholder and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $6.73 per share to new investors purchasing shares of common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this dilution per share:
Assumed initial public offering price per share
|
$ | 17.00 | |||
|
|||||
Net tangible book value per share as of
June 30, 2004
|
$ | 9.01 | |||
|
|||||
Increase in net tangible book value per share
attributable to new investors
|
$ | 1.26 | |||
|
|||||
Net tangible book value per share after this
offering
|
$ | 10.27 | |||
|
|||||
Dilution in net tangible book value per share to
new investors
|
$ | 6.73 | |||
|
These calculations do not give effect to any shares of common stock to be sold if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option.
26
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and our capitalization as of June 30, 2004 (1) on an actual basis giving effect to the Transactions (except for the issuance of common stock in exchange for preferred stock), (2) as adjusted to reflect the issuance of common stock in exchange for preferred stock (the Exchange) and (3) as further adjusted to reflect the completion of this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering as described under Use of Proceeds. For a summary description of our principal debt, see Description of Certain Indebtedness. You should read this table in conjunction with Selected Consolidated Financial, Operating and Industry Data, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Description of Capital Stock and our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
June 30, 2004 | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
As Further | ||||||||||||||
As Adjusted | Adjusted | |||||||||||||
for the | for the | |||||||||||||
Actual | Exchange(1) | Offering | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
$ | 57,376 | $ | 57,376 | $ | 43,338 | ||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Long-term debt, including current portion:
|
||||||||||||||
Senior secured revolving credit facility
|
$ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Senior secured term loan
|
118,800 | 118,800 | 90,400 | |||||||||||
8 3/4% Senior Notes due 2011
|
380,000 | 380,000 | 247,000 | |||||||||||
Loan related to tax-exempt revenue bonds
|
10,889 | 10,889 | 10,889 | |||||||||||
Bank loan
|
27,000 | 27,000 | | |||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Total long-term debt, including current portion
|
536,689 | 536,689 | 348,289 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Minority interest
|
22,100 | | | |||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Stockholders equity:
|
||||||||||||||
Preferred stock, no par value: 1,000 shares
authorized; 120 shares issued and outstanding actual;
preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 50 million shares
authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted for
the Exchange
|
12,000 | | | |||||||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 150 million
shares authorized, 49,499,395 shares issued and outstanding
actual; common stock, $0.01 par value: 150 million shares
authorized, 51,505,277 shares and 63,269,983 shares
issued and outstanding, as adjusted for the Exchange and as
adjusted for this offering, respectively
|
495 | 515 | 633 | |||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital
|
205,011 | 239,091 | 424,973 | |||||||||||
Retained earnings
|
274,425 | 274,425 | 266,860 | |||||||||||
Minimum pension liability, net of tax
|
(1,547 | ) | (1,547 | ) | (1,547 | ) | ||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment
|
47 | 47 | 47 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Total stockholders equity
|
490,431 | 512,531 | 690,966 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Total capitalization and minority interest
|
$ | 1,049,220 | $ | 1,049,220 | $ | 1,039,255 | ||||||||
|
|
|
(1) | Reflects the exchange of shares of preferred stock of Westlake Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc., Westlake International Corporation and Westlake Chemical Corporation for shares of our common stock. |
27
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL, OPERATING AND INDUSTRY DATA
We have provided in the table below selected consolidated financial, operating and industry data. We have derived the statement of operations data for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2003, and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002 and 2003, from audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. We have derived the statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 2000, and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001, from audited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. We have derived the statement of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004, and the balance sheet data as of June 30, 2003 and 2004, from unaudited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The historical financial information may not be indicative of our future performance, and results of operations for the six-month period ended June 30, 2004 may not be indicative of the results of operations that may be achieved for the entire year. You should read this information in conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2003 | 2004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales
|
$ | 1,058,507 | $ | 1,392,276 | $ | 1,087,033 | $ | 1,072,627 | $ | 1,423,034 | $ | 698,557 | $ | 850,253 | |||||||||||||||
Gross profit
|
176,965 | 198,924 | (29,921 | ) | 80,569 | 121,952 | 65,871 | 120,336 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses
|
48,490 | 62,038 | 53,203 | 64,258 | 57,014 | 32,373 | 26,196 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain on legal settlement
|
| | | | (3,162 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets(1)
|
2,748 | 10,777 | 7,677 | 2,239 | 2,285 | 932 | 1,314 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations
|
125,727 | 126,109 | (90,801 | ) | 14,072 | 65,815 | 32,566 | 92,826 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense
|
(47,516 | ) | (37,281 | ) | (35,454 | ) | (35,044 | ) | (38,589 | ) | (17,450 | ) | (22,117 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Debt retirement cost
|
| | | | (11,343 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net(2)
|
7,287 | 1,866 | 8,916 | 6,769 | 7,620 | 6,309 | (1,356 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
85,498 | 90,694 | (117,339 | ) | (14,203 | ) | 23,503 | 21,425 | 69,353 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
|
30,276 | 35,695 | (45,353 | ) | (7,141 | ) | 8,747 | 7,972 | 24,274 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss)
|
$ | 55,222 | $ | 54,999 | $ | (71,986 | ) | $ | (7,062 | ) | $ | 14,756 | $ | 13,453 | $ | 45,079 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings per share information(3):
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share
|
$ | 1.12 | $ | 1.11 | $ | (1.45 | ) | $ | (0.14 | ) | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.91 | |||||||||||||
Weighted average basic and diluted shares
outstanding
|
49,499,395 | 49,499,395 | 49,499,395 | 49,499,395 | 49,499,395 | 49,499,395 | 49,499,395 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data (end of period):
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
$ | 9,131 | $ | 11,529 | $ | 79,095 | $ | 11,123 | $ | 37,381 | $ | 9,598 | $ | 57,376 | |||||||||||||||
Working capital(4)
|
108,107 | 117,818 | 138,211 | 158,993 | 197,715 | 201,214 | 289,453 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets
|
1,319,723 | 1,374,645 | 1,308,858 | 1,309,245 | 1,370,113 | 1,338,274 | 1,441,909 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total debt
|
508,691 | 425,559 | 540,855 | 533,350 | 537,289 | 522,467 | 536,689 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Minority interest
|
19,700 | 19,700 | 22,100 | 22,100 | 22,100 | 22,100 | 22,100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stockholders equity
|
449,834 | 504,203 | 430,752 | 428,519 | 445,603 | 443,386 | 490,431 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Operating Data:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow from:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities
|
$ | 132,618 | $ | 173,377 | $ | 26,370 | $ | (21,326 | ) | $ | 78,087 | $ | 25,195 | $ | 38,985 | ||||||||||||||
Investing activities
|
(26,685 | ) | (87,693 | ) | (76,500 | ) | (38,686 | ) | (41,581 | ) | (15,720 | ) | (18,390 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Financing activities
|
(127,830 | ) | (83,286 | ) | 117,696 | (7,960 | ) | (10,248 | ) | (11,000 | ) | (600 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization
|
84,947 | 78,757 | 81,690 | 88,018 | 87,293 | 44,212 | 41,738 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures
|
30,604 | 78,893 | 76,500 | 43,587 | 44,931 | 18,977 | 19,396 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
EBITDA(5)
|
217,961 | 206,732 | (195 | ) | 108,859 | 149,385 | 83,087 | 133,208 |
28
Six Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2003 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
(Millions of pounds) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External Sales Volume:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ethylene
|
586 | 607 | 560 | 339 | 442 | 226 | 285 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Polyethylene
|
1,117 | 1,213 | 1,076 | 1,199 | 1,280 | 615 | 635 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Styrene
|
445 | 455 | 494 | 428 | 419 | 182 | 246 | |||||||||||||||||||||
PVC
|
310 | 300 | 309 | 301 | 296 | 129 | 133 | |||||||||||||||||||||
VCM
|
387 | 394 | 459 | 473 | 436 | 230 | 187 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Caustic soda
|
318 | 335 | 331 | 410 | 388 | 196 | 238 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fabricated products
|
506 | 437 | 501 | 543 | 517 | 243 | 286 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Cents per pound, except as noted) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average Industry Pricing:(6)
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ethylene(7)
|
21.5 | 27.2 | 21.4 | 16.9 | 21.5 | 22.2 | 28.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Polyethylene(8)
|
41.0 | 46.4 | 42.8 | 41.9 | 52.2 | 51.5 | 55.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Styrene(9)
|
22.9 | 34.8 | 21.8 | 27.3 | 31.7 | 32.1 | 39.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
PVC(10)
|
32.8 | 36.7 | 31.4 | 34.4 | 42.5 | 42.2 | 43.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
VCM(11)
|
18.3 | 25.3 | 18.9 | 19.9 | 25.7 | 25.8 | 30.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Caustic soda ($/ton)(12)
|
95.4 | 155.0 | 245.0 | 94.8 | 114.4 | 153.8 | 86.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Natural gas ($/mmbtu)(13)
|
2.32 | 4.32 | 4.04 | 3.36 | 5.50 | 5.83 | 5.94 |
(1) | The 2003 impairments related primarily to idled styrene assets and other miscellaneous assets written down to fair market value. The 2002 impairment related to a ceased product business. Impairments in 2001 and 2000 related primarily to assets that were acquired but never placed in service. Impairments in 1999 related primarily to a fabricated products business that was subsequently sold and an idled PVC plant. | |
(2) | Other income (expense), net is composed of interest income, insurance proceeds, income and expenses related to our accounts receivable securitization facility which was terminated in July 2003, equity income, management fee income and other gains and losses. | |
(3) | Does not reflect the issuance of common stock in exchange for preferred stock as part of the Transactions. No cash dividends were paid during any of the periods presented. | |
(4) | Working capital equals current assets less current liabilities. | |
(5) | EBITDA (a non-GAAP financial measure) is calculated as net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The body of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States is commonly referred to as GAAP. For this purpose a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the SEC as one that purports to measure historical and future financial performance, financial position or cash flows, but excludes or includes amounts that would not be so adjusted in the most comparable GAAP measures. We have included EBITDA in this prospectus because our management considers it an important supplemental measure of our performance and believes that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry, some of which present EBITDA when reporting their results. We regularly evaluate our performance as compared to other companies in our industry that have different financing and capital structures and/or tax rates by using EBITDA. EBITDA allows for meaningful company-to-company performance comparisons by adjusting for factors such as interest expense, depreciation and amortization and taxes, which often vary from company to company. In addition, we utilize EBITDA in evaluating acquisition targets. Management also believes that EBITDA is a useful tool for measuring our ability to meet our future |
29
debt service, capital expenditures and working capital requirements, and EBITDA is commonly used by us and our investors to measure our ability to service indebtedness. EBITDA is not a substitute for the GAAP measures of earnings or of cash flow and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. In addition, it should be noted that companies calculate EBITDA differently and, therefore, EBITDA as presented in this prospectus may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies. EBITDA has material limitations as a performance measure because it excludes (1) interest expense, which is a necessary element of our costs and ability to generate revenues because we have borrowed money to finance our operations, (2) depreciation, which is a necessary element of our costs and ability to generate revenues because we use capital assets and (3) income taxes, which is a necessary element of our operations. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using EBITDA only supplementally. The following table reconciles EBITDA to net income (loss) and to cash flow from operating activities. |
Reconciliation of EBITDA to Net Income (Loss) and
Six Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2003 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EBITDA
|
$ | 217,961 | $ | 206,732 | $ | (195 | ) | $ | 108,859 | $ | 149,385 | $ | 83,087 | $ | 133,208 | |||||||||||||
Less:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax (provision) benefit
|
(30,276 | ) | (35,695 | ) | 45,353 | 7,141 | (8,747 | ) | (7,972 | ) | (24,274 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Interest expense
|
(47,516 | ) | (37,281 | ) | (35,454 | ) | (35,044 | ) | (38,589 | ) | (17,450 | ) | (22,117 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization
|
(84,947 | ) | (78,757 | ) | (81,690 | ) | (88,018 | ) | (87,293 | ) | (44,212 | ) | (41,738 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss)
|
55,222 | 54,999 | (71,986 | ) | (7,062 | ) | 14,756 | 13,453 | 45,079 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
|
45,078 | 74,602 | 133,779 | (19,137 | ) | 63,345 | 4,010 | (29,819 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Equity in income of unconsolidated subsidiary
|
(295 | ) | (8 | ) | (1,138 | ) | (770 | ) | (1,510 | ) | (817 | ) | (711 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes
|
28,565 | 32,951 | (45,779 | ) | (4,716 | ) | 7,112 | 7,511 | 22,497 | |||||||||||||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets
|
2,748 | 10,777 | 7,677 | 2,239 | 2,285 | 932 | 1,314 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Write off of debt issuance cost
|
| | | | 7,343 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gain from disposition of fixed assets
|
| | | (2,259 | ) | (2,903 | ) | (2,824 | ) | (167 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Amortization of debt issue costs
|
| | | | 887 | | 1,106 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts
|
1,300 | 56 | 3,817 | 10,379 | 1,872 | 2,930 | (314 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow from operating activities
|
$ | 132,618 | $ | 173,377 | $ | 26,370 | $ | (21,326 | ) | $ | 93,187 | $ | 25,195 | $ | 38,985 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA has not been adjusted to exclude the effect of the following items:
Impairment of long-lived assets
|
$ | (2,748 | ) | $ | (10,777 | ) | $ | (7,677 | ) | $ | (2,239 | ) | $ | (2,285 | ) | $ | (932 | ) | $ | (1,314 | ) | |||||||
Debt retirement cost
|
| | | | (11,343 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net
|
7,287 | 1,866 | 8,916 | 6,769 | 7,620 | 6,309 | (1,356 | ) |
(6) | These are average industry prices for the indicated products as reported by CMAI and are not the prices we realized. | |
(7) | Represents average North American spot prices of ethylene over the period as reported by CMAI. | |
(8) | Represents average North American contract prices of LDPE general purpose film over the period as reported by CMAI. | |
(9) | Represents average North American spot prices of styrene over the period as reported by CMAI. |
30
(10) | Represents average North American contract prices of PVC over the period as reported by CMAI. |
(11) | Represents average North American contract prices of VCM over the period as reported by CMAI. |
(12) | Represents average North American spot prices of caustic soda (diaphragm grade) over the period as reported by CMAI. |
(13) | Represents average prices of Henry Hub natural gas over the period as reported by the NYMEX. |
31
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. Except for the historical financial information contained herein, the matters discussed below may be considered forward-looking statements. Please see Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.
Overview
We are a vertically integrated manufacturer and marketer of petrochemicals, polymers and fabricated products. Our two principal business segments are Olefins and Vinyls. We use the majority of our internally-produced basic chemicals to produce higher value-added chemicals and fabricated products.
Consumption of the basic chemicals that we manufacture in the commodity portions of our ethylene and vinyls processes has increased significantly over the past 30 years. Our Olefins and Vinyls products are some of the most widely used chemicals in the world and are upgraded into a wide variety of higher value-added chemical products used in many end-markets. Petrochemicals are typically manufactured in large volume by a number of different producers using widely available technologies. The petrochemical industry exhibits cyclical commodity characteristics, and margins are influenced by changes in the balance between supply and demand and the resulting operating rates, the level of general economic activity and the price of raw materials. The cycle is generally characterized by periods of tight supply, leading to high operating rates and margins, followed by a decline in operating rates and margins primarily as a result of significant capacity additions. Due to the significant size of new plants, capacity additions are built in large increments and typically require several years of demand growth to be absorbed. We believe that the industry is currently emerging from a down cycle that resulted from significant new capacity additions in the past several years, combined with soft demand resulting from the global economic recession. Currently, no significant new olefins or vinyls capacity additions are expected in North America. Operating rates and margins began to improve during 2003, and are expected to increase as economic growth improves and excess capacity is absorbed. These factors are expected to result in increasing margins.
We purchase significant amounts of ethane and propane feedstock, natural gas, chlorine and salt from third parties for use in production of basic chemicals in the olefins and vinyls chains. We also purchase significant amounts of electricity to supply the energy required in our production processes. While we have agreements providing for the supply of ethane and propane feedstocks, natural gas, chlorine, salt and electricity, the contractual prices for these raw materials and energy vary with market conditions and may be highly volatile. Factors which have caused volatility in our raw material prices in the past and which may do so in the future, include:
| shortages of raw materials due to increasing demand; | |
| capacity constraints due to construction delays, strike action or involuntary shutdowns; | |
| the general level of business and economic activity; and | |
| the direct or indirect effect of governmental regulation. |
Significant volatility in raw material costs tends to put pressure on product margins, as sales price increases generally tend to lag behind raw material cost increases. Conversely, when raw material costs decrease, customers seek relief in the form of lower sales prices. These dynamics are particularly pronounced during periods of excess industry capacity and contributed to the trough conditions experienced by the chemical industry and us in 2001 and 2002. We typically do not enter into significant hedging arrangements with respect to prices of raw materials.
In 2001 and 2002, we experienced two periods of dramatically increased raw material costs. In 2001, natural gas prices spiked to a high of $9.98 per million BTUs, or mmbtu, as compared to a three year average of $3.57 per mmbtu between 1999 and 2001. Prices for natural gas declined, but spiked again in
32
Our historical results have been significantly
affected by our plant production capacity, our efficient use of
the capacity and our ability to increase our capacity. Since our
inception, we have followed a disciplined growth strategy that
focuses on plant acquisitions, new plant construction and
internal expansion. We evaluate each expansion project on the
basis of its ability to produce sustained returns in excess of
its cost of capital and its ability to improve efficiency or
reduce operating costs.
Results of Operations
Segment Data
Six Months Ended
Year Ended December 31,
June 30,
2001
2002
2003
2003
2004
(Dollars in thousands)
$
665,703
$
627,494
$
911,633
$
450,635
$
556,756
455,339
474,095
546,819
266,784
319,407
(34,009
)
(28,962
)
(35,418
)
(18,862
)
(25,910
)
$
1,087,033
$
1,072,627
$
1,423,034
$
698,557
$
850,253
$
(39,929
)
$
12,599
$
55,298
$
27,354
$
69,470
(32,857
)
10,482
13,583
8,921
24,796
(18,015
)
(9,009
)
(3,066
)
(3,709
)
(1,440
)
$
(90,801
)
$
14,072
$
65,815
$
32,566
$
92,826
$
46,719
$
51,911
$
51,088
$
25,048
$
26,270
31,153
32,347
33,118
16,697
15,156
3,818
3,760
3,087
2,467
312
$
81,690
$
88,018
$
87,293
$
44,212
$
41,738
$
2,794
$
6,837
$
3,459
$
4,269
$
(3,080
)
(1,198
)
555
629
580
(35
)
7,320
(623
)
(7,811
)(1)
1,460
1,759
$
8,916
$
6,769
$
(3,723
)
$
6,309
$
(1,356
)
(1) | Includes debt retirement costs of $11,343. |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2004 Compared with Six Months Ended June 30, 2003 |
Net Sales. Net sales increased by $151.7 million, or 21.7%, to $850.3 million in the first six months of 2004 from $698.6 million in the first six months of 2003. This increase was primarily due to price
33
Gross Margin. Gross margins increased to 14.2% in the first six months of 2004 from 9.4% in the first six months of 2003. This increase was primarily due to higher selling prices throughout our Olefins and Vinyls segments and higher sales volumes for ethylene, polyethylene, styrene and PVC pipe. These increases were partially offset by higher raw material costs for ethane, propane and benzene. Our raw materials costs in both segments normally track industry prices, which experienced an increase of 6.7% for ethane, 11.7% for propane and 31.9% for benzene as compared to the first six months of 2003. The increases were also partially offset by lower production for ethylene, PVC resin and VCM in our Vinyls segment resulting from the fire at the Calvert City ethylene plant. We estimate that the gross margin impact of the outage in the first six months of 2004 relating to the fire was approximately $12.5 million, which was comprised of higher maintenance cost of $3.5 million, lost margin on sales of approximately $8.6 million and a write-off of equipment of $0.4 million.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $6.2 million, or 19.1%, in the first six months of 2004 as compared to the first six months of 2003. The decrease was largely due to the receipt of $1.5 million in the first quarter of 2004 resulting from a legal settlement with a customer and higher provisions for accounts receivable in the first six months of 2003 as compared to the first six months of 2004. Provision for doubtful accounts decreased by $3.2 million in the first six months of 2004 as compared to the first six months of 2003.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. Impairment of long-lived assets was $1.3 million in the first six months of 2004 compared to $0.9 million in the first six months of 2003. The impairment in the first six months of 2004 was related to an idled PVC plant in Pace, Florida written down to its estimated sales value less commission. The impairment in the first six months of 2003 was related to idled styrene assets.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $4.7 million in the first six months of 2004 as compared to the first six months of 2003. The increase was largely due to an increase in the average interest rate from 6.74% in the first six months of 2003 to 7.40% in the first six months of 2004, an increase in the average debt balance of $502.0 million in the first six months of 2003 to $537.0 million in the first six months of 2004 and an increase in the amortization of debt issuance costs.
Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net decreased by $7.7 million from income of $6.3 million in the first six months of 2003 to an expense of $1.4 million in the first six months of 2004. The decrease primarily resulted from insurance proceeds received in 2003 of $3.3 million related to a fire at one of our ethylene plants in 2002 and derivative gains of $1.0 million in 2003 as compared to a derivative loss of $3.1 million in 2004.
Income Taxes. The effective income tax rate was 35.0% in the first half of 2004 as compared to 37.2% in the first half of 2003. The effective tax rate in 2004 is below the statutory rate mainly due to a reduction in the Canadian statutory tax rate.
Olefins Segment |
Net Sales. Net sales before intersegment eliminations increased by $106.2 million, or 23.6%, to $556.8 million in the first half of 2004 from $450.6 million in the first half of 2003. This increase was primarily due to price increases and higher sales volumes for ethylene, polyethylene and styrene. Average selling prices for the Olefins segment increased by 12.7% in the first six months of 2004 as compared to the first six months of 2003. These increased prices and sales volumes were due to higher industry demand. Selling prices were also higher due to higher raw material costs that were passed through to customers.
34
Income from Operations. Income from operations increased by $42.1 million, to $69.5 million in the first six months of 2004 from $27.4 million in the first six months of 2003. This increase was primarily due to price increases for ethylene, polyethylene and styrene partially offset by higher raw material costs for ethane, propane and benzene. The increase was also due in part to higher sales volumes for ethylene, polyethylene and styrene.
Vinyls Segment |
Net Sales. Net sales before intersegment eliminations increased by $52.6 million, or 19.7%, to $319.4 million in the first six months of 2004 from $266.8 million in the first six months of 2003. This increase was primarily due to price increases for PVC pipe, PVC resin and VCM and higher sales volumes for PVC pipe. Average selling prices for the Vinyls segment increased by 11.4% in the first six months of 2004 as compared to the first six months of 2003. These increases were largely due to stronger industry demand for our products and higher raw material costs for propane that were passed through to our customers. These increases were partially offset by lower sales volumes for VCM. PVC pipe sales volumes increased by 19.1%, however VCM sales volumes decreased by 18.7% primarily due to the outage resulting from the Calvert City plant fire in January 2004.
Income (Loss) from Operations. Income from operations increased by $15.9 million, to $24.8 million in the first six months of 2004 from $8.9 million in the first six months of 2003. This increase was primarily due to higher selling prices for PVC pipe, PVC resin and VCM and higher sales volumes for PVC pipe. These increases were partially offset by lower production volumes for ethylene, VCM and PVC resin and lower sales volumes for VCM, which resulted largely from a fire in our Calvert City ethylene unit in January 2004. The ethylene unit experienced a 19-day outage for repairs relating to the fire.
2003 Compared with 2002 |
Net Sales. Net sales increased by $350.4 million, or 32.7%, to $1,423.0 million in 2003 from $1,072.6 million in 2002. This increase was primarily due to price increases throughout our Olefins and Vinyls segments and higher sales volumes in ethylene and polyethylene. Higher selling prices were primarily the result of higher energy and raw material costs that were passed through to customers. These improvements were partially offset by lower sales volumes for PVC pipe and resin resulting from lower market demand.
Gross Margin. Gross margins increased to 8.6% in 2003 from 7.5% in 2002. This improvement was primarily the result of higher prices and was partially reduced by higher energy and feedstock costs and lower sales volumes for PVC pipe and resin.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $7.2 million in 2003 as compared to 2002. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the provision for doubtful accounts of $8.5 million, which was partially offset by higher payroll and benefits of $1.3 million due to increased head count and bonuses.
Gain on Legal Settlement. In 2003 we received and recognized in income $3.2 million resulting from a legal settlement with a software vendor.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. Impairment of longlived assets was $2.3 million in 2003 compared to $2.2 million in 2002. The impairments for 2003 included idled styrene assets and other miscellaneous assets written down to fair market value. The 2002 impairment was for assets related to a product in our Vinyls business that we no longer manufacture.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $3.5 million in 2003 as compared to 2002. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the average interest rate from 6.63% in 2002 to 7.07% in 2003 and an increase in the amortization of debt costs.
Debt Retirement Costs. We recognized $11.3 million in non-operating expense in the third quarter of 2003 related to our refinancing transaction described below under Liquidity and Capital Resources
35
Other Income, Net. Other income, net increased by $0.9 million in 2003 as compared to 2002 primarily as a result of insurance proceeds of $1.0 million related to a fire at one of our ethylene plants in 2002, higher equity income from our unconsolidated subsidiary of $0.7 million and a small derivative gain of $0.04 million (compared to a derivative loss of $0.7 million in 2002). These increases were partially offset by reduced management fees of $0.8 million and lower interest income of $0.9 million.
Income Taxes. The effective income tax rate was 37.2% in 2003 as compared to 50.3% in 2002. The effective tax rate in 2002 was higher than the statutory rate and the 2003 effective tax rate due to the settlement of state tax examination issues.
Olefins Segment |
Net Sales. Net sales before intersegment eliminations increased by $284.1 million, or 45.3%, to $911.6 million in 2003 from $627.5 million in 2002. This increase was primarily due to price increases for ethylene, polyethylene and styrene and higher sales volumes of ethylene and polyethylene, partially offset by lower styrene sales volumes. Average selling prices for the Olefins segment increased by 29.1% as compared to 2002. These increased prices were due to higher demand and higher energy and raw material costs that were passed through to customers. Ethylene and polyethylene sales volumes increased by 30.0% and 6.8%, respectively, largely due to higher demand while styrene sales volumes decreased by 2.0% due to a planned 30-day shut-down at our Lake Charles styrene facility for maintenance.
Income from Operations. Income from operations increased by $42.7 million to $55.3 million in 2003 from $12.6 million in 2002. This increase was due to price increases for ethylene, polyethylene and styrene, partially offset by higher raw material costs of ethane, propane and benzene and higher energy costs. The increase was also due to higher sales volumes for ethylene and polyethylene and higher production volume for ethylene. In the first quarter of 2002, one ethylene unit was down for 44 days due to a fire while the other unit ran at a reduced rate throughout the quarter due to furnace metallurgical failures, which were subsequently resolved.
Vinyls Segment |
Net Sales. Net sales before intersegment eliminations increased by $72.7 million, or 15.3%, to $546.8 million in 2003 from $474.1 million in 2002. This increase was primarily due to price increases for PVC pipe, PVC resin, VCM and caustic, partially offset by lower PVC pipe and resin sales volumes and lower VCM sales volumes. Average selling prices for the Vinyls segment increased by 22.4% in 2003 as compared to 2002. These price increases resulted from higher feedstock and energy costs that were passed through to customers. The PVC pipe and PVC resin sales volumes were lower by 3.2% and 1.7%, respectively, primarily due to heavy rainfall in the first six months of 2003 in the Midwest and Southeast regions resulting in slower activity in the construction sector. VCM sales, which were also impacted by these weather problems, were adversely impacted by an outage at a major customer due to the blackout in the Northeast in August 2003. VCM sales volumes were 7.8% lower in 2003 as compared to 2002.
Income from Operations. Income from operations increased by $3.1 million to $13.6 million in 2003 from $10.5 million in 2002. This increase was primarily due to price increases for PVC pipe and fence, PVC resin, VCM and caustic. These price increases were partially offset by lower sales volumes for PVC pipe, PVC resin and VCM and higher raw material costs for propane and chlorine. Additionally, VCM production and sales volumes were adversely impacted by an outage at a major customer as described above.
2002 Compared with 2001 |
Net Sales. Net sales decreased by $14.4 million, or 1.3%, to $1,072.6 million in 2002 from $1,087.0 million in 2001. This decrease was primarily due to lower prices for ethylene, polyethylene and
36
Gross Margin. Gross margin increased to positive 7.5% in 2002 from negative 2.8% in 2001. This improvement was primarily due to price increases, higher sales volumes and higher utilization rates, partially offset by higher energy and raw material costs and higher maintenance costs. Maintenance costs increased by $1.1 million in 2002 due to a fire at one of our ethylene units in Lake Charles, Louisiana resulting in 44 days of downtime for repairs. Maintenance costs also increased by $3.2 million in 2002 due to the conversion of the chlor-alkali plant to membrane technology and the subsequent start-up of that facility in the first half of 2002.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $11.1 million in 2002 compared with 2001 primarily due to increases in the provision for doubtful accounts of $6.6 million, depreciation of software and hardware of $2.0 million due to the startup of several information technology projects and an increase in insurance expense of $1.8 million due to rate increases and an increase in legal fees of $1.7 million in relation to a lawsuit, partially offset by reductions in payroll and benefits of $2.5 million due to reductions in head count and bonuses.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. Impairment of long-lived assets decreased to $2.2 million in 2002 from $7.7 million in 2001. The 2002 impairment was for assets related to a discontinued product in our Vinyls business. The 2001 impairment included a $3.2 million write-down to fair market value of idled assets held for sale and $4.4 million relating to computer software and fixed assets.
Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased by $0.4 million in 2002 from 2001 primarily due to reduced debt balances, which were partially offset by higher interest rates. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 was 6.28% and 6.63%, respectively.
Other Income, Net. Other income, net decreased by $2.1 million in 2002 from 2001, primarily as a result of reduced insurance claims proceeds and a reduction in management fees received from an affiliated company.
Income Taxes. The effective income tax rate increased to 50.3% in 2002 from 38.7% in 2001 due to the settlement of state tax examination issues.
Olefins Segment |
Net Sales. Net sales before intersegment eliminations decreased by $38.2 million, or 5.7%, to $627.5 million in 2002 from $665.7 million in 2001. This decrease primarily resulted from lower prices for ethylene and low density polyethylene and lower sales volumes for ethylene, styrene and ethylene co-products and was partially offset by higher styrene prices and higher low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene sales volumes. Average selling prices for the Olefins segment decreased by 13.4%. Sales volumes for low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene, which are higher value-added products, increased substantially in 2002 due to stronger market demand. Our polyethylene sales volumes increased by 11.4% in 2002 as compared to 2001. Our styrene sales volumes decreased by 13.4% in 2002 due to a reduction from 2001 levels in outside purchases of styrene for subsequent resale.
Income (Loss) from Operations. Income (loss) from operations increased by $52.5 million to income of $12.6 million in 2002 from a loss of $39.9 million in 2001. This increase was primarily due to higher polyethylene margins, higher styrene margins, higher polyethylene sales volumes and higher utilization rates in polyethylene and styrene. Polyethylene margins were higher in 2002 largely due to decreased raw material costs as compared to 2001 levels. Styrene margins were higher in 2002 mainly due to price increases and lower raw material costs. Increased utilization rates resulted from increased demand for ethylene, polyethylene and styrene. Operating costs were lower primarily due to cost cutting measures, primarily a reduction in force initiated in 2002. These improvements were partially offset by an outage at
37
Vinyls Segment |
Net Sales. Net sales before intersegment eliminations increased by $18.8 million, or 4.1%, to $474.1 million in 2002 from $455.3 million in 2001. This increase was primarily due to higher prices for PVC pipe, VCM and ethylene co-products and higher sales volumes for PVC pipe, VCM, caustic and ethylene co-products. These increases were partially offset by lower caustic prices, lower PVC resin volumes and lower caustic trading volumes. Average selling prices for the overall Vinyls segment decreased by 5.0% in 2003. VCM sales volumes increased by 3.1% due to increased demand and caustic sales volumes increased 23.4% primarily due to the expansion of our chlor-alkali facility that started up in the second quarter of 2002.
Income (Loss) from Operations. Income (loss) from operations increased by $43.4 million to income of $10.5 million in 2002 from a loss of $32.9 million in 2001. This increase was primarily due to higher prices for fabricated products and PVC resin prices combined with lower raw material costs for propane and chlorine and higher utilization rates for the PVC pipe, PVC fence, PVC, VCM and chlor-alkali plants. The higher profit margins and utilization rates were primarily due to the impact of increased demand for our Vinyls products as a result of a more favorable environment for construction spending as interest rates fell throughout 2002. As a result of the improved demand, the industry was able to institute several price increases during 2002. The chlor-alkali plant was converted to membrane technology beginning in 2001. This project was completed and brought on line in the second quarter of 2002. This conversion positively affected income (loss) from operations due to an approximate 23% reduction in per unit energy cost and higher chlorine and caustic soda production. Our VCM and ethylene plants underwent debottlenecking during 2001, which reduced overall operating costs. The benefit of these lower operating costs was not fully realized until 2002.
Cash Flows
Operating Activities |
First Six Months of 2004 and 2003. Operating activities provided cash of $39.0 million in the first six months of 2004 compared to $25.2 million in the same period in 2003. The $13.8 million increase in cash flows from operating activities was primarily due to improvements in income (loss) from operations, as described above, partially offset by unfavorable changes in working capital. Income from operations increased by $60.2 million in the first six months of 2004 as compared to the first six months of 2003. Changes in components of working capital, which we define for purposes of this cash flow discussion as accounts receivable, inventories, prepaid expense and other current assets less accounts payable and accrued liabilities, used cash of $71.4 million in the first six months of 2004, compared to $33.2 million cash used in the first six months of 2003, a decrease of $38.2 million. In the first six months of 2004, receivables increased by $19.4 million largely due to higher selling prices and sales volumes while inventory increased by $52.2 million, primarily due to higher feedstock and energy prices. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased by $4.1 million. The primary reason for the $33.2 use of cash in the first six months of 2003 related to working capital components was a $21.2 million increase in receivables, a $37.4 million increase in inventories partially offset by a $7.3 million decrease in prepaid expenses and an increase of $18.0 million in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The increase in receivables was mainly due to higher average selling prices and sales volumes. The increase in inventories was primarily due to higher production and higher feedstock and energy prices. The decrease in prepaid expenses related to feedstock purchases made in December 2002. The increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was primarily due to higher energy and raw material costs.
2003 and 2002. Operating activities provided cash of $78.1 million in 2003 compared to a use of cash of $21.3 million in 2002, and cash provided of $26.4 million in 2001. The $99.4 million improvement
38
2002 and 2001. Operating activities used cash of $21.3 million in 2002, compared to cash provided of $26.4 million in 2001. The $47.7 million decrease in operating cash flows in 2002 as compared to 2001 was primarily due to increase in working capital components partially offset by improvement in income (loss) from operations described above. Changes in working capital components used $95.9 million of cash in 2002 and provided $62.6 million of cash in 2001. In 2002, accounts receivable increased by $54.2 million due to higher product sales, decreased utilization of our receivables securitization facility and higher product prices in the fourth quarter of 2002. Inventory increased by $42.6 million in 2002 due to both higher raw material prices and purchases made at year end in anticipation of rising prices. Prepaid expenses increased in 2002 by $11.9 million as a result of prepaid feedstock purchases. In 2002, accounts payable increased by $14.5 million, primarily due to increased inventory levels.
Investing Activities |
First Six Months of 2004 and 2003. Net cash used in investing activities was $18.4 million in the first six months of 2004 as compared to $15.7 million in the first six months of 2003. The capital expenditures in the first six months of 2004 of $19.4 million related to refurbishment and upgrades related to the January 2004 fire at the Calvert City ethylene plant ($2.6 million), technology enhancements at Geismar ($1.9 million) and maintenance capital, safety and environmental related projects ($14.9 million). These expenditures were partially offset by $1.0 million of proceeds from the disposition of assets. Capital spending in the first six months of 2003 of $19.0 million was primarily related to maintenance, safety and environmental projects. These expenditures were partially offset by $3.3 million of insurance proceeds.
2003, 2002 and 2001. Net cash used in investing activities was $41.6 million in 2003 as compared to $38.7 million in 2002 and $76.5 million in 2001. We made capital expenditures in 2003 of $44.9 million related to operational improvements, maintenance capital, safety and environmental related projects. These expenditures were offset by $3.3 million of insurance proceeds received in 2003 related to a fire at one of our ethylene plants in 2002. We made capital expenditures in 2002 of $43.6 million related to operational improvements, maintenance capital, safety and environmental projects, the completion of the conversion of the Calvert City chlorine plant from mercury cell to membrane technology and $5.0 million to acquire the Geismar facility. These expenditures were offset by $4.9 million of insurance proceeds received in 2002. In 2001, we made capital expenditures for operational improvements, maintenance capital, environmental and safety expenditures of $29.0 million. The remainder of the 2001 capital expenditures of $47.5 million was related primarily to the conversion of the Calvert City chlorine plant to membrane technology.
39
Financing Activities |
First Six Months of 2004 and 2003. Net cash used by financing activities during the first six months of 2004 was $0.6 million and related to the quarterly payments on the term loan. In the first six months of 2003, we used cash generated from operating activities to repay $11.0 million of debt.
2003, 2002 and 2001.
Financing activities used cash of $10.2 million in 2003,
compared to $8.0 million in 2002, and net cash provided by
financing activities of $117.7 million in 2001. In 2003, we
incurred $14.1 million in costs associated with the
refinancing that were capitalized and that will be amortized
over the term of the new debt. In 2002, our affiliates
contributed $6.0 million to fund the purchase of the
Geismar facility from Borden Chemical Limited Partnership. Also,
during 2002, we repaid $5.8 million in borrowings with
available cash on hand and incurred $9.4 million in costs
associated with the refinancing completed in that year. In 2001,
debt increased by $115.3 million to fund investing
activities of $76.5 million and to increase cash balances
by $67.6 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are from cash
and cash equivalents, cash from operations, short-term
borrowings under our revolving credit facility and our long-term
financing.
Cash balances were $57.4 million at
June 30, 2004 compared to $9.6 million at
June 30, 2003. Cash balances were $37.4 million at
December 31, 2003 compared to $11.1 million at
December 31, 2002. We believe the June 30, 2004 cash
levels are adequate to fund our short-term cash requirements.
On August 2, 2004, we completed the
acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Bristolpipe
Corporation. The purchase price of $33.0 million (subject
to adjustment) was funded with cash.
Our current debt structure is used to fund our
business operations, and our revolving credit facility is a
source of liquidity. At June 30, 2004, our long-term debt,
including current maturities, totaled $536.7 million,
consisting of $380.0 million principal amount of
8 3/4% senior notes due 2011, a $118.8 million
senior secured term loan due in 2010, a $27.0 million bank
loan due on December 31, 2004 and a $10.9 million loan
from the proceeds of tax-exempt revenue bonds (supported by a
$11.3 million letter of credit). Debt outstanding under the
term loan, the bank loan and the tax-exempt bonds bore interest
at variable rates.
On July 31, 2003, we completed a refinancing
of substantially all of our outstanding long-term debt. We used
net proceeds from the refinancing of approximately
$506.9 million to:
In conjunction with the refinancing, we
terminated our accounts receivable securitization facility by
repurchasing all accounts receivable previously sold to our
unconsolidated accounts receivable securitization subsidiary.
The net accounts receivable repurchased totaled
$15.1 million. No gain or loss was recognized as a result
of the accounts receivable repurchase. We also obtained a
$12.4 million letter of credit to secure our obligations
under a letter of credit reimbursement agreement related to
outstanding tax-exempt revenue bonds in the amount of
$10.9 million. As a result of the refinancing, we
recognized $11.3 million in non-operating expense in the
third quarter of 2003 consisting of the $4.0 million
make-whole premium and a write-off of $7.3 million in
previously capitalized debt issuance expenses.
40
The refinancing consisted of:
We incurred approximately $14.1 million in
costs associated with the refinancing that were capitalized and
that will be amortized over the term of the new debt.
The 8 3/4% senior notes are unsecured.
There is no sinking fund and no scheduled amortization of the
notes prior to maturity. The notes are subject to redemption and
holders may require us to repurchase the notes upon a change of
control. All domestic restricted subsidiaries are guarantors of
the senior notes.
The term loan bears interest at either the
Eurodollar Rate plus 3.75% or prime rate plus 2.75%. Quarterly
principal payments of $0.3 million are due on the term loan
beginning on September 30, 2003, with the balance due in
four equal quarterly installments in the seventh year of the
loan. Mandatory prepayments are due on the term loan with the
proceeds of asset sales and casualty events subject, in some
instances, to reinvestment provisions. The term loan also
requires prepayment with 50% of excess cash flow as determined
under the term loan agreement. The term loan is collateralized
by our Lake Charles and Calvert City facilities and some related
intangible assets.
On December 8, 2001, we entered into a
$27 million line of credit facility with a bank. The
facility has been renewed annually and will mature on
December 31, 2004. The facility bears interest at LIBOR
plus 0.6%, and borrowings under the facility can be repaid at
the end of each interest period without penalty. Interest is
payable on the last day of each applicable interest period or
quarterly if the interest period is longer than three months.
The $200 million revolving credit facility
bears interest at either LIBOR plus 2.25% or prime rate plus
0.25%, subject to grid pricing adjustment based on a fixed
charge coverage ratio after the first year and subject to a 0.5%
unused line fee. The revolving credit facility is also subject
to a termination fee if terminated during the first two years.
The revolving credit facility is collateralized by accounts
receivable and contract rights, inventory, chattel paper,
instruments, documents, deposit accounts and related intangible
assets. The revolving credit facility matures in 2007. We had
standby letters of credit outstanding at June 30, 2004 of
$13.4 million. We had $186.6 million of available
borrowing capacity at June 30, 2004 under this facility.
The agreements governing the
8 3/4% senior notes, the term loan, the bank loan and
the revolving credit facility each contain customary covenants
and events of default. Accordingly, these agreements impose
significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These
restrictions, among other things, limit incurrence of additional
indebtedness, payment of dividends, significant investments and
sales of assets. These limitations are subject to a number of
important qualifications and exceptions. None of the credit
agreements requires us to generally maintain specified financial
ratios, except that our revolving credit facility requires us to
maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0
when availability falls below $50 million for three
consecutive business days, or below $35 million at any time.
In addition to long-term debt, we are required to
make payments relating to various types of obligations. The
following table summarizes our minimum payments as of
December 31, 2003 relating to
41
Long-Term Debt.
Long-term debt amortization is based on the contractual terms of
the debt agreements in place at December 31, 2003.
Other Long-Term
Liabilities.
The amounts include a
technology license used to produce LLDPE and HDPE. The license
requires us to make annual payments of $3.1 million through
May 2007. Also included are affiliate loans and a long-term
incentive agreement with an employee. The amounts do not include
pension liabilities, post-retirement medical liabilities,
deferred charges and other items due to the uncertainty of the
future payment schedule. Pension and post-retirement liabilities
totaled $19.4 million as of December 31, 2003.
Interest Payments.
Interest payments are based on interest rates in effect at
December 31, 2003 and assume contractual amortization
payments.
Operating Leases.
We
lease various facilities and equipment under noncancelable
operating leases for various periods.
Unconditional Purchase
Obligations.
We are party to various
unconditional obligations to purchase products and services,
primarily including commitments to purchase nitrogen, waste
water treatment services and pipeline usage.
Standby Letters of
Credit.
This includes (1) our
obligation under a $11.3 million letter of credit issued in
connection with the $10.9 million tax-exempt revenue bonds
and (2) other letters of credit totaling $1.7 million
issued to support obligations under our insurance programs,
including for workers compensation claims.
Our ability to make payments on and to refinance
our indebtedness and to fund planned capital expenditures will
depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This, to a
certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial,
competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are
beyond our control. Based on our current level of operations, we
believe our cash flow from operations, available cash and
available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be
adequate to meet our future liquidity needs for the foreseeable
future.
Our business may not generate sufficient cash
flow from operations, and future borrowings may not be available
to us under our revolving credit facility in an amount
sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our
other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion
of our indebtedness on or before maturity. We may not be able to
refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable
terms or at all.
42
Prior to the July 2003 refinancing
transaction described above, we sold trade receivables to
Westlake AR Corporation, or WARC, a wholly owned,
non-consolidated subsidiary. WARC, in turn, had an agreement
with an independent issuer of receivables-backed commercial
paper under which it sold receivables and received cash proceeds
of up to $49.5 million. The proceeds received from this
accounts receivables securitization facility effectively reduced
our debt. The amount of proceeds we received varied depending on
a number of factors, including the availability of receivables,
the credit and aging of the receivables, concentration of credit
risk and our utilization of the facility. The balances of
receivables sold to WARC as of December 31, 2001 and 2002
were $38.0 million and $15.1 million, respectively.
Immediately prior to the July 2003 refinancing, we repurchased
all accounts receivable sold to WARC and terminated the
securitization facility.
Critical Accounting Policies
Critical accounting policies are those that are
important to our financial condition and require
managements most difficult, subjective, or complex
judgments. Different amounts would be reported under different
operating conditions or under alternative assumptions. We have
evaluated the accounting policies used in the preparation of the
accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes
and believe those policies are reasonable and appropriate.
We apply those accounting policies that we
believe best reflect the underlying business and economic
events, consistent with GAAP. Our more critical accounting
policies include those related to long-lived assets, accruals
for long-term employee benefits, transfer of financial assets,
inventories and environmental and legal obligations. Inherent in
such policies are certain key assumptions and estimates. We
periodically update the estimates used in the preparation of the
financial statements based on our latest assessment of the
current and projected business and general economic environment.
Our significant accounting policies are summarized in
note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements
appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. We believe the following
to be our most critical accounting policies applied in the
preparation of our financial statements.
Long-Lived Assets.
Key estimates related to long-lived assets include useful lives,
recoverability of carrying values and existence of any
retirement obligations and such estimates could be significantly
modified. The carrying values of long-lived assets could be
impaired by new technological developments, new chemical
industry entrants with significant raw material or other cost
advantages, uncertainties associated with the U.S. and world
economies, the cyclical nature of the chemical and refining
industries and uncertainties associated with governmental
actions.
We periodically evaluate long-lived assets for
potential impairment indicators. Our judgments regarding the
existence of impairment indicators are based on legal factors,
market conditions and the operational performance of our
businesses. Actual impairment losses incurred could vary
significantly from amounts estimated. Additionally, future
events could cause us to conclude that impairment indicators
exist and that associated long-lived assets of our businesses
are impaired. Any resulting impairment loss could have a
material adverse impact on our financial condition and results
of operations.
The estimated useful lives of long-lived assets
range from three to 25 years. Depreciation and amortization
of these assets, including amortization of deferred turnaround
costs, under the straight-line method over their estimated
useful lives totaled $81.7 million, $88.0 million, and
$87.3 million in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. If the
useful lives of the assets were found to be shorter than
originally estimated, depreciation charges would be accelerated.
We defer the costs of turnaround maintenance and
repair activities and amortize the costs over the period until
the next expected major turnaround of the affected unit. During
2001, 2002 and 2003, cash expenditures of $12.9 million,
$16.3 million, and $14.0 million, respectively, were
deferred and are being amortized, generally over three to five
year periods. Amortization in 2001, 2002 and 2003 of previously
deferred turnaround costs was $3.2 million,
$5.0 million, and $5.1 million, respectively. As of
43
Additional information concerning long-lived
assets and related depreciation and amortization appears in
note 5 to the audited consolidated financial statements
appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Long-Term Employee Benefit
Costs.
Our costs for long-term
employee benefits, particularly pension and postretirement
medical and life benefits, are incurred over long periods of
time and involve many uncertainties over those periods. The net
periodic benefit cost attributable to current periods is based
on several assumptions about such future uncertainties, and is
sensitive to changes in those assumptions. It is our
responsibility, often with the assistance of independent
experts, to select assumptions that represent the best estimates
of those uncertainties. It is also our responsibility to review
those assumptions periodically and, if necessary, adjust the
assumptions to reflect changes in economic or other factors.
Accounting for employee retirement plans involves
estimating the cost of benefits that are to be provided in the
future and attempting to match, for each employee, that
estimated cost to the period worked. To accomplish this, we rely
extensively on advice from actuaries, and assumptions are made
about inflation, investment returns, mortality, employee
turnover and discount rates that ultimately impact amounts
recorded. While we believe that the amounts recorded in the
consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this
prospectus related to these retirement plans are based on the
best estimates and judgments available, the actual outcomes
could differ from these estimates.
Additional information on the key assumptions
underlying these benefit costs appears in note 11 to the
audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in
this prospectus.
Transfers of Financial
Assets.
We account for the transfers
of financial assets, including transfers to a Qualified Special
Purpose Entity, or QSPE, in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 140,
Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets
and Extinguishments of Liabilities.
In accordance with
SFAS 140, we recognize transfers of financial assets as
sales provided that control has been relinquished. Control is
deemed to be relinquished only when all of the following
conditions have been met: (1) the assets have been isolated
from the transferor, even in bankruptcy or other receivership
(true sale opinions are required); (2) the transferee has
the right to pledge or exchange the assets received and
(3) the transferor has not maintained effective control
over the transferred assets (
e.g.
, a unilateral ability
to repurchase a unique or specific asset). We are also required
to follow the accounting guidance under SFAS 140 and
Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Topic D-14,
Transactions Involving Special-Purpose Entities,
to
determine whether or not a special purpose entity is required to
be consolidated.
Our transfers of financial assets relate to
securitization transactions with a special purpose entity, or
SPE, meeting the SFAS 140 definition of a QSPE. A QSPE can
generally be described as an entity with significantly limited
powers that are intended to limit it to passively holding
financial assets and distributing cash flows based upon
established terms. Based upon the guidance in SFAS 140, we
are not required to and do not consolidate our QSPE. Rather, we
account for involvement with our QSPE under a financial
components approach in which we recognize only our retained
interest in assets transferred to the QSPE. We account for such
retained interests at fair value with changes in fair value
reported in earnings. As discussed under
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Debt, we terminated our securitization facility in
conjunction with our refinancing transaction.
Inventories.
Inventories primarily include product, materials and supplies.
Inventories are stated at lower of cost or market. Cost is
determined using the first-in, first-out, or FIFO, method. The
use of other methods, such as LIFO, could result in differing
amounts being reported as inventories and cost of sales
depending on price changes and sales turnover levels.
Environmental and Legal
Obligations.
We consult with various
professionals to assist us in making estimates relating to
environmental costs and legal proceedings. We accrue an expense
when we determine that it is probable that a liability has been
incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. While we
44
Accounting Changes
Effective January 1, 2002, we implemented
SFAS 141,
Business Combinations,
SFAS 142,
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,
and SFAS 144,
Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived
Assets.
On January 1, 2003, we implemented
SFAS 143,
Accounting for Obligations Associated with the
Retirement of Long-Lived Assets
and SFAS 145,
Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44 and 64,
Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13 and Technical
Corrections.
Implementation of SFAS 141, SFAS 142,
SFAS 143, SFAS 144 and SFAS 145 did not have a
material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 143,
Accounting for Obligations Associated with the Retirement of
Long-Lived Assets.
This statement requires: (a) an
existing legal obligation associated with the retirement of a
tangible long-lived asset must be recognized as a liability when
incurred and the amount of the liability be initially measured
at fair value, (b) an entity must recognize subsequent
changes in the liability that result from the passage of time
and revisions in either the timing or amount of estimated cash
flows and (c) upon initially recognizing a liability for an
asset retirement obligation, an entity must capitalize the cost
by recognizing an increase in the carrying amount of the related
long-lived asset. SFAS 143 will be effective for financial
statements issued for fiscal years beginning after June 15,
2002. As of December 31, 2003, we did not have legal or
contractual obligations to close any of our facilities. Our
adoption of SFAS 143 on January 1, 2003 did not have a
material impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash
flows or financial position.
In April 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 145,
Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44 and 64,
Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13 and Technical
Corrections
. SFAS 145 rescinds SFAS 4,
Reporting Gains and Losses from Extinguishment of Debt
.
By rescinding SFAS 4, gains or losses from extinguishment
of debt that do not meet the criteria of APB No. 30 should
not be reported as an extraordinary item and should be
reclassified to income from continuing operations in all periods
presented. APB No. 30 states that extraordinary items
are events and transactions that are distinguished by their
unusual nature and by the infrequency of their occurrence.
SFAS 145 is effective for fiscal years beginning after
May 15, 2002. Our adoption of SFAS 145 on
January 1, 2003 did not have a material impact on our
consolidated results of operations, cash flow or financial
position. As discussed under Liquidity and
Capital Resources Debt, we completed a
refinancing of substantially all of our outstanding long-term
debt on July 31, 2003. As a result of the refinancing, we
recognized $11.3 million in non-operating expense in the
third quarter of 2003, consisting of the $4.0 million
make-whole premium and $7.3 million in previously
capitalized debt issuance costs.
In December 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation
No. 46R,
Consolidations of Variable Interest Entities,
an interpretation of ARB No. 51. We are required to
comply with the consolidation requirements of FIN No. 46R.
We have determined that application of FIN No. 46R will not
have a material impact on our consolidated results of
operations, cash flows or financial position.
In March 2003, the FASB issued SFAS 149,
Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities.
SFAS 149 amends and clarifies
financial accounting and reporting for derivative instruments,
including certain derivative instruments embedded in other
contracts and for hedging activities under SFAS 133,
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities.
SFAS 149 is effective for contracts entered
into, modified or designated as hedges after June 30, 2003.
We have adopted this standard as of July 1, 2003 and do not
expect it to have a significant effect on our consolidated
results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
45
In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS 150,
Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with
Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity.
This
statement changes the accounting for certain financial
instruments that, under previous guidance, issuers could account
for as equity and requires that those instruments be classified
as liabilities in statements of financial position. This
statement will be effective for all financial instruments
entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise
is effective at the beginning of the first interim period
beginning after June 15, 2003. We have adopted
SFAS 150 as of July 1, 2003, and its adoption did not
have a significant effect on our consolidated results of
operations, cash flows or financial position.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About
Market Risk
A substantial portion of our products and raw
materials are commodities whose prices fluctuate as market
supply and demand fundamentals change. Accordingly, product
margins and the level of our profitability tend to fluctuate
with changes in the business cycle. We try to protect against
such instability through various business strategies. Generally,
our strategy is to limit our exposure to price variances by
locking in prices for future purchases and sales. Our strategies
also include ethylene product feedstock flexibility and moving
downstream into the olefins and vinyls products where pricing is
more stable. We use derivative instruments in certain instances
to reduce price volatility risk on feedstocks and products.
Based on our open derivative positions at June 30, 2004, a
hypothetical $1.00 increase in the price of an mmbtu of natural
gas would have decreased our income before taxes by
$4.2 million and a hypothetical $0.10 increase in the price
of a gallon of propane would have increased our income before
taxes by $1.6 million. Additional information concerning
derivative commodity instruments appears in the consolidated
financial information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
We are exposed to interest rate risk with respect
to fixed and variable rate debt. At June 30, 2004, we had
variable rate debt of $156.7 million outstanding. All of
the debt under our credit facility, tax exempt revenue bonds,
and term loan is at variable rates. We do not currently hedge
our variable interest rate debt, but we may do so in the future.
The average variable interest rate for our variable rate debt of
$156.7 million as of June 30, 2004 was 4.19%. A
hypothetical 100 basis point increase in the average
interest rate on our variable rate debt would increase our
annual interest expense by approximately $1.6 million.
Also, at June 30, 2004, we had $380 million of fixed
rate debt. As a result, we are subject to the risk of higher
interest cost if and when this debt is refinanced. If interest
rates are 1% higher at the time of refinancing, our annual
interest expense would increase by approximately
$3.8 million.
46
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Summary
Olefins and vinyl products are some of the key
building blocks of the petrochemical industry and primarily
include ethylene, chlorine and their derivative products.
Olefins, including ethylene, polyethylene and styrene, are used
in the manufacture of a wide range of consumer non-durable
plastics and films including flexible and rigid packaging, as
well as consumer durables and industrial products including
automotive products and coatings. PVC and fabricated products
made from PVC are also used in a wide variety of applications,
with particular focus in the plastic pipe and construction
industries. Demand for these products has historically been
driven by economic growth, with other key factors being rising
living standards in developing nations and the continued
substitution of plastics and synthetics for other materials. As
a result, global olefins and vinyl products demand has
historically risen in excess of the rate of increase of
U.S. gross domestic product, or U.S. GDP.
Petrochemicals are typically manufactured in
large volumes by a number of different producers using widely
available technologies. Changes in the balance between supply
and demand and the resulting operating rates, the level of
general economic activity and the price of raw materials all
influence the petrochemical industry cycle and margins. The
cycle is characterized by periods of tight supply, leading to
high operating rates and peak margins, followed by a decline in
operating rates and margins primarily as a result of significant
capacity additions. Due to the significant size of new plants,
capacity additions are built in large increments and typically
require several years of demand growth to be absorbed. The
industry is currently emerging from a down cycle that resulted
from significant new capacity additions in the past several
years, combined with soft demand resulting from the global
economic slowdown.
Recently, we have begun to see signs of recovery
in our industry. Beginning in the second half of 2003, improving
economic conditions have led to increased demand for many of our
products. Despite continued high raw material costs, limited new
capacity and higher demand have resulted in improving operating
rates and margins for many of our products.
CMAI projects that current industry fundamentals
point to a cyclical recovery in the petrochemicals business,
with the next peak expected over the 2005 2007
period. This forecast is supported by limited expected capacity
additions in North America over the next several years, which,
when combined with improving demand, should result in increasing
operating rates and margins.
Olefins
Ethylene.
Ethylene
is the most widely consumed petrochemical in the world, with
over 214 billion pounds used in 2003. It is a basic raw
material for a broad array of chemical products including:
(1) polyethylene (in the form of HDPE, LDPE and LLDPE),
which is used in numerous consumer and industrial products,
including trash bags, packaging film, toys, housewares and
plastic bottles; (2) EDC, which is further processed into
PVC; (3) styrene, which is then used in packaging and
containers; and (4) ethylene oxide, which is used in the
production of ethylene glycol, and further processed into
antifreeze, polyester fibers and resins. North America is the
largest consumer of ethylene, with an estimated 64 billion
pounds consumed per year, or 30% of world demand. The following
chart shows 2003 North American ethylene consumption by end use.
47
Source: CMAI.
Between 1990 and 2003, the global and North
American compound annual growth rates for ethylene demand were
4.5% and 2.6%, respectively. The worlds 2003 ethylene
capacity totaled approximately 245 billion pounds, with
North American capacity accounting for approximately 31% of the
total. While significant new ethylene capacity was built over
the past several years, no major capacity additions are expected
in North America in the next four years, and it typically takes
three to four years to construct a new ethylene facility. The
North American ethylene industry has been altered by
consolidation and alliances among producers with the aggregate
capacity share of the five largest North American producers
increasing.
Cash margins in the U.S. ethylene market
reached a peak in 1995, with operating rates increasing in
response to both strong demand and limited capacity additions.
The 1996 to 1998 period was characterized by significant
capacity additions and lower demand due to the Asian crisis,
resulting in lower margins. As the world economy recovered in
1999 and 2000, demand for ethylene improved, resulting in
increased operating rates and margins. Operating rates and
margins declined dramatically by late 2000 and continued to be
depressed into 2003 due to the impact of increased capacity from
new plants, the sharp slowdown in the economy and increased raw
material costs. In 2003, higher feedstock costs prompted price
increases. During the first six months of 2004, demand and
producer operating rates increased due to the improving economy.
According to CMAI, ethylene industry fundamentals
suggest a sustained cyclical recovery in ethylene prices and
margins beginning in 2004, with the next peak expected to occur
in 2006. This recovery in the ethylene market is supported by
minimal new capacity additions expected in North America and
significant capacity shutdowns announced by a number of large
producers. CMAI expects operating rates and margins to improve
as demand recovers due to improved global economic conditions.
Polyethylene.
Polyethylene is produced through the polymerization of ethylene.
There are three primary types of polyethylene: LDPE, HDPE and
LLDPE. LDPE is typically used in applications requiring
flexibility and film clarity, such as household bags and wraps.
HDPE is a rigid plastic most commonly used for blow molding in
the manufacture of milk bottles, liquid detergent bottles,
industrial drums, bottles and gas tanks. LLDPE is a tough yet
flexible plastic with its major end use in cost-sensitive film
applications such as stretch wrap, trash can liners and
injection molding applications, including housewares and lids.
Historically, polyethylene demand has grown at or above U.S.
GDP, driven by the replacement of other materials with plastics.
Between 1993 and 2003, North American LLDPE demand has grown at
a compound annual growth rate of 7.4%, followed by HDPE at 4.5%
and LDPE at approximately 1%. The following charts show 2003
North American polyethylene consumption by end use.
48
The worlds 2003 polyethylene capacity
totaled approximately 153 billion pounds, with North
American capacity of 44 billion pounds accounting for 29%
of the total. Limited polyethylene capacity additions are
expected in North America over the next three years, with the
lead-time to build a new plant typically around two years. As
with ethylene, the industry has been concentrated into fewer,
larger competitors in recent years.
As in the ethylene market, North American
polyethylene operating rates and margins peaked in 1995 in
response to strong demand growth and limited capacity
expansions. In the period of 1998 through 2000, significant
capacity additions came on stream, and by 2001 the impact of
these additions, combined with rising energy and feedstock costs
and the manufacturing recession that began in late 2000,
resulted in a cyclical trough in margins in 2001 and in early
2002. A modest improvement in demand, a reduction in feedstock
costs and the closure of some older polyethylene capacity
occurred in 2002, resulting in marginally improved industry
profitability. In 2003, demand was flat and feedstock costs
rose, but polyethylene producers were generally able to improve
margins through price increases.
Styrene.
Styrene is
used primarily in the production of polystyrene and is also used
to make styrene butadiene rubber,
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, or ABS, styrene-acrylonitrile,
or SAN, resins, styrene co-polymers, unsaturated polyester
resins, and other downstream chemical products. The following
chart shows 2003 North American styrene consumption by end use.
49
Historically, styrene demand has grown in line
with economic growth rates, driven by the increased replacement
of other materials with polystyrene. Between 1990 and 2003,
North American styrene demand has grown at a compound annual
growth rate of 2.2%. The worlds 2003 styrene demand
totaled approximately 50 billion pounds, with North
American demand accounting for 22% of the total. The styrene
industry is characterized by backward-integrated producers that
produce ethylene and benzene, as well as forward-integrated
producers that produce polystyrene and ABS.
Following peak cash margins in 1995, margins
declined from 1996 to 1998 as a result of modest demand growth
combined with significant new capacity additions. During 1999
and 2000, the styrene industry experienced an increase in demand
growth from developing regions and high utilization rates,
which, when combined with reducing feedstock costs, resulted in
a strong improvement in margins. During 2001, the North American
manufacturing recession significantly reduced demand while
higher U.S. feedstock costs made North American styrene
less attractive to Asian buyers. Utilization rates in North
America dropped in 2001 and the industrys profitability
level declined significantly. During 2002 and 2003, utilization
rates rose due to improving North American demand and an
increase in exports, leading to higher profitability as compared
to 2001.
Vinyls
Chlorine and Caustic
Soda.
Chlorine and caustic soda are
co-products manufactured by breaking salt into its components
through the application of electric power. Chlorine and caustic
soda are produced in a fixed ratio forming what is commonly
referred to as an electrochemical unit, or ECU. Electric power
is the most significant cost component in the production of
chlorine and caustic soda. Chlorine is used in a wide variety of
chemical processes and products, including those used to make
plastics and PVC resins. Other applications include the
manufacture of propylene oxide and titanium dioxide, water
purification and pulp and paper bleaching. Caustic soda is used
in the production of pulp and paper, alumina, oil, textiles,
soaps, detergents and a variety of other chemical processes. The
following charts show 2003 consumption of chlorine and caustic
soda by end use.
50
Between 1990 and 2003, global and North American
chlorine demand has increased at compound annual growth rates of
1.5% and 0.1%, respectively. In North America, growth resulting
from the increased demand for PVC resins and propylene oxide has
been offset by declining usage as a bleaching agent in pulp and
paper. Caustic soda supply has been driven by chlorine
production, as the two co-products are produced in a fixed ratio
of 1.1 to 1, and historically, there has been a large market for
caustic soda at a given price due to its wide variety of
applications as a pH modifying agent.
There are generally three main processes for
manufacturing chlorine: (1) the mercury cell process, the oldest
and highest cost technology, (2) the diaphragm process and
(3) the membrane process, the newest, lowest cost process.
North American chlorine capacity is approximately
31 billion pounds, and is made up almost entirely of
diaphragm and membrane technology. No new major chlorine
capacity expansions are expected, and it typically takes two to
three years to build a new facility. As a result, when combined
with increasing demand of PVC and stable demand of pulp and
paper, operating rates and margins are expected to improve over
the near to medium term.
While long-term growth has typically been driven
by chlorine demand, short-term demand fluctuations will cause
chlorine and caustic soda prices typically to move in opposite
directions, with the higher demand product dictating
the premium price. As a result, manufacturers generally track
pricing on an ECU basis, which is essentially the combination of
chlorine and caustic soda prices. ECU prices reached a peak in
1995 at over $400 per ton, trending down to a trough in
1999 to just over $200 per ton from weak but balanced
demand for both chlorine and caustic soda. The industry
experienced a recovery in ECU pricing in 2000 and early 2001,
driven particularly by strong caustic soda demand. Beginning in
late 2001 and into 2002, a significant decline in demand caused
by the global economic recession resulted in lower operating
rates and ECU prices. Beginning in late 2002 and throughout
2003, rising energy prices resulted in dramatic increases in ECU
prices, as producers have pushed to maintain margins.
PVC and VCM.
PVC is
a plastic resin manufactured from VCM, which in turn is
manufactured from ethylene and chlorine. PVC resins are one of
the most widely used plastics in the world today, with estimated
demand of 60.5 billion pounds globally, with North America
accounting for 24% of the total. Applications are diverse and
include pipe and fittings, window frames, siding, fence,
flooring, shower curtains, packaging, bottles, film, medical
tubing, business machine housings and credit cards. The
following chart shows 2003 consumption of PVC by end use.
2003 North
American PVC Consumption by End Use
Between 1990 and 2003, North American PVC demand
has increased at a compound annual growth rate of 3.3%, driven
by increased economic and new/remodeling housing activity and
the cost-effective replacement of metal and other materials.
Minimal capacity expansions are expected over the next four
years. The capacity additions are not, however, expected to keep
up with anticipated increases in demand. It typically takes one
to two years to build new capacity.
According to CMAI, PVC industry fundamentals
suggest a cyclical recovery in PVC prices and margins beginning
in 2004. This recovery in the PVC market is supported by minimal
new capacity
51
After reaching peak margins in 1994 and 1995,
margins declined in the 1996 to 1999 period due to the
absorption of significant new capacity additions. The industry
experienced a significant decline in North American demand and
operating rates in 2000 and 2001. The industry experienced a
return to growth driven by the housing sector in 2002, and, when
combined with modest new capacity, producers were able to
maintain operating rates and margins. Due to weather conditions
during the busy spring and summer construction period, demand
for PVC decreased in 2003 as compared to 2002. The first six
months of 2004 have been characterized by increasing product
prices driven by increased demand and feedstock cost increases,
with PVC producers able to modestly improve margins.
Fabricated Products.
Fabricated products manufactured from PVC resin include pipe,
siding, fence, deck, garden accessories and window and door
components. The construction building materials market is the
largest consumer of PVC-based fabricated products in North
America due to PVCs durability, ease of installation and
low maintenance requirements.
Pipe fabricated from PVC resin is the largest
market for PVC resin in North America. PVC pipe is especially
advantageous in more demanding applications, proving itself as
one of the more durable and reliable materials on the market
today. PVC pipe offers greater strength, lower installed cost,
increased corrosion resistance, lighter weight and longer
service life when compared to iron, steel and concrete
alternatives. According to Chemical Data, Inc., the PVC
Rigid Pipe and Tubing market grew at a compound
annual growth rate of 4.3% from 1994 through 2003.
Windows and patio doors manufactured from PVC
resin are more energy efficient and easier to maintain than many
alternative products. According to Chemical Data, Inc., the PVC
Windows and Doors market grew at a compound annual
growth rate of 10.3% between 1994 and 2003.
Fence products manufactured from PVC resin
feature low maintenance materials and long product life.
According to the Freedonia Group, from 1997 through 2002, PVC
fence demand grew at a compound annual growth rate of 23%.
52
OUR BUSINESS
General
We are a vertically integrated manufacturer and
marketer of basic chemicals, vinyls, polymers and fabricated
products. Our products include some of the most widely used
chemicals in the world, which are fundamental to many diverse
consumer and industrial markets, including flexible and rigid
packaging, automotive products, coatings, residential and
commercial construction as well as other durable and non-durable
goods. We believe that our business is characterized by highly
integrated, world-class chemical production facilities,
state-of-the-art technology, leading regional market positions
by volume for particular products, a strong and stable customer
base and experienced management. We operate in two principal
business segments, Olefins and Vinyls, and we are one of the few
North American integrated producers of vinyls with substantial
downstream integration into PVC fabricated products.
We began operations in 1986 after the Chao family
acquired our first polyethylene plant, an Olefins segment
business, near Lake Charles, Louisiana from Occidental Petroleum
Corporation. We began our vinyls operations in 1990 with the
acquisition of a VCM plant in Calvert City, Kentucky from the
Goodrich Corporation. In 1992, we commenced our Vinyls segment
fabricated products operations after acquiring three PVC pipe
plants. Since 1986, we have grown rapidly into an integrated
producer of petrochemicals, polymers and fabricated products. We
achieved this by acquiring 19 plants, constructing six new
plants (including our joint venture in China) and completing
numerous capacity or production line expansions.
We benefit from highly integrated production
facilities that allow us to process raw materials into higher
value-added chemicals and fabricated products. We have
8.6 billion pounds per year of active aggregate production
capacity at 14 strategically located manufacturing sites in
North America. We believe that with our highly integrated
capabilities we are less affected by volatility in product
demand, have less exposure to the effects of cyclical raw
material prices and operate at higher capacity utilization rates
than non-integrated producers. In addition, the strategic
location of our facilities lowers our transportation costs due
to our high level of internally used production. We also have a
43% interest in a joint venture in China that operates a vinyls
plant.
Our Competitive Strengths
Vertically Integrated
Operations.
We operate in two
vertically integrated business segments and use the majority of
our internally produced basic chemicals to manufacture higher
value-added chemicals and fabricated products. We are one of the
few North American integrated producers of vinyls with
substantial downstream integration into PVC fabricated products.
By operating integrated olefins and vinyls production processes,
we believe we are less susceptible to volatility in product
demand, have less exposure to the effects of cyclical raw
material prices and are able to operate at higher capacity
utilization rates than non-integrated chemical producers. We
have also been able to lower our transportation costs due to our
high level of internally used production. In 2003, we used
almost 83% of our ethylene production to manufacture
polyethylene, styrene monomer and VCM. We also used 63% of our
VCM production to manufacture PVC and 63% of our PVC production
to manufacture our fabricated products.
Efficient Modern Asset Base and Low-Cost
Operations.
We operate some of the
industrys newest manufacturing facilities in North America
and focus on continually improving our asset portfolio and cost
position. We have invested approximately $1.2 billion since
1990 to construct new, state-of-the-art facilities and acquire
and upgrade facilities and equipment in both our Olefins and
Vinyls segments. We built two ethylene crackers in Lake Charles
in 1991 and 1997, and constructed a gas-phase LLDPE/ HDPE plant
in Lake Charles in 1998. In addition, we recently completed the
technology conversion and upgrade of our chlor-alkali facility
at Calvert City, reducing per unit energy consumption by
approximately 23% and increasing capacity by 64%. These newer
plants increase operating efficiency and reduce our maintenance
and environmental compliance costs. Our ethylene plants allow us
to choose between ethane, propane and butane feedstocks. This
flexibility enables us to react to changing market conditions
and reduce raw
53
Strong Regional Market
Presence.
Fabricated products are sold
on a regional basis, and we are a leading seller of PVC
fabricated products by volume in the geographic regions where we
operate. Our vinyls facilities at Calvert City, Kentucky are
located on the Tennessee River and provide a freight cost
advantage to our customers in the high-volume Midwest and
Northeast markets when compared to most of our competitors
located on the Gulf Coast. Our eleven fabricated products
facilities in North America allow us to focus our sales effort
on local markets where we have a strong market presence.
Experienced Management with Significant Equity
Interest.
Our senior management team
has an average of over 25 years of experience in the
petrochemical industry. We were founded by T.T. Chao and his
family in 1985. The Chao family has more than 50 years of
experience in the plastics and fabrications industries, both in
Asia and the United States. The Chao family also owns a 49%
interest in the Titan Group (Malaysia), Southeast Asias
second largest polyolefin producer and fourth largest olefins
and aromatics producer. Our management has demonstrated
expertise in reducing costs and growing our business through
acquisitions and capacity expansions.
Our Business Strategy
Since we began operations in 1986, our goal has
been to achieve profitable growth in businesses we
understand, globally in areas where we can gain a competitive
advantage, and in a disciplined and opportunistic manner. We
have successfully pursued this goal through acquisitions,
expansions and new facilities, as demonstrated by our increase
in revenues from $66 million in 1987 to $1,423 million
in 2003, representing a compound annual growth rate of 21%, and,
for the same period, increased annual production capacity from
775 million pounds to 8,260 million pounds,
representing a compound annual growth rate of 16%. Our
strategies are:
Focus on growth in core
businesses.
We will endeavor to
enhance our existing businesses and pursue opportunities that
reduce costs, increase capacity, and improve integration in our
product portfolio.
54
Leverage global knowledge and
expertise.
Through our stake in the
joint venture in China and the Chao familys experience in
the Asian chemical and fabrication markets, Westlake and its
management have a broad base of knowledge in the region and a
foothold in this rapidly growing market. We plan to continue to
leverage this expertise and evaluate new opportunities that
represent a logical fit with our existing business platform. In
addition, we continue to evaluate cost-effective opportunities
to selectively add production capacity in our key products in
geographic areas that provide access to low cost raw materials,
or new, higher growth, end markets.
Maintain rigorous financial
discipline.
We maintain rigorous
financial discipline in investing capital in our core
businesses. For capital investment decisions, we typically
evaluate a projects return against the cost of capital
utilizing the economic value added, or EVA
TM
, model.
EVA
TM
is a metric developed by Stern
Stewart & Co. that is used to measure a firms net
economic profit, and is equal to a firms net operating
profit after taxes less a capital charge (consisting of a
firms weighted average cost of capital multiplied by the
amount of capital). We believe that EVA
TM
is a useful
tool for managing and assessing operating budgets, capital
projects, acquisitions and divestitures, benchmarking and
incentive compensation. Furthermore, over 100 employees
participate in a variable compensation plan based upon achieving
improvements in EVA
TM
criteria.
Liquidity and Financing
Arrangements
Cash
Debt
repay in full all outstanding amounts under our
then-existing revolving credit facility, term loan and 9.5%
Series A and Series B notes, including accrued and
unpaid interest, fees and a $4.0 million make-whole premium
to the noteholders; and
provide $2.4 million in cash collateral for
outstanding letter of credit obligations of $2.2 million.
$380.0 million in aggregate principal amount
of 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011;
$120.0 million senior secured term loan due
in 2010; and
$21.0 million in borrowings under a new
$200.0 million senior secured working capital revolving
credit facility due in 2007.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial
Commitments
Payments Due by Period
Total
2004
2005-2006
2007-2008
Thereafter
(In millions)
$
537.3
$
28.2
$
2.4
$
2.4
$
504.3
138.6
17.6
29.1
24.9
67.0
63.7
9.6
16.4
14.7
23.0
14.6
3.1
8.3
3.2
273.2
39.6
78.4
78.1
77.1
$
1,027.4
$
98.1
$
134.6
$
123.3
$
671.4
$
13.0
$
$
11.3
$
1.7
$
Off-Balance Sheet
Arrangements
Commodity Price Risk
Interest Rate Risk
2003 North American Ethylene Consumption by
End Use
2003 North American Polyethylene
Consumption by End Use
LLDPE
HDPE
Source:
CMAI.
2003 North American Styrene Consumption by
End Use
Source:
CMAI.
2003 North American Chlor-Alkali
Consumption by End Use
Chlorine
Caustic Soda
Source:
CMAI.
Source:
CMAI.
Continue productivity
improvements.
We focus on productivity
improvements and cost reduction across our businesses. For
example, we have increased our production capacity by
approximately 20% since 1999 with minimal change in employee
headcount. We completed a conversion at our chlorine facility in
2002 that reduced energy consumption per ton by approximately
23% and increased annual capacity by 64%. We will continue to
improve our feedstock flexibility at our ethylene facilities,
which will enhance our ability to select feedstocks depending on
prevailing market prices.
Pursue low-cost expansion
opportunities.
We will continue to
invest in opportunities to prudently expand capacity through new
investments and debottlenecking initiatives. For example, we
acquired a vinyls facility in Geismar, Louisiana in 2002 and
started the EDC portion in the fourth quarter of 2003, enabling
us to more economically provide basic chemicals to our vinyls
chain. We have begun planning for a phased start-up of our VCM
and PVC facilities in Geismar, Louisiana. The first phase of the
start-up, which is expected to commence in 2005, will consist of
one PVC train with approximately 300 million pounds of capacity
per year. Any start-up of future phases will be determined by
market conditions at the time. In our Olefins segment, we
recently completed a scheduled turnaround at Lake Charles that
increased ethylene capacity by 100 million pounds per year.
These investments allow us to significantly increase sales and
further improve operating efficiencies with modest incremental
capital expenditures.
Maintain a disciplined acquisition
strategy.
Since our formation, we have
successfully integrated 11 acquisitions. We recently
completed the acquisition of the assets of Bristolpipe
Corporation. See
Recent Developments Bristolpipe
Acquisition. Going forward, we will actively seek
opportunities in our Vinyls and Olefins businesses that enhance
our level of integration, improve our product portfolio, expand
our market presence or provide operational synergies and cost
savings.
Olefins Business
Products |
Olefins are the basic building blocks used to
create a wide variety of petrochemical products. We manufacture
ethylene, polyethylene, styrene, and associated co-products at
our manufacturing facilities in Lake Charles, Louisiana. We have
two ethylene plants, two polyethylene plants and one styrene
monomer plant at our Lake Charles complex. The following table
illustrates our production capacities by principal product and
the primary end uses of these materials:
Product
Annual Capacity
End Uses
(Millions of pounds)
2,400
Polyethylene, EDC, styrene, ethylene oxide/
ethylene glycol
850
High clarity packaging, shrink films, laundry and
dry cleaning bags, ice bags, frozen foods packaging, bakery
bags, coated paper board, cup stock, paper folding cartons,
lids, housewares, closures and general purpose molding
550
Heavy-duty films and bags, general purpose liners
(LLDPE); thin-walled food tubs, housewares, pails, totes and
crates (HDPE)
450
Disposables, packaging material, appliances,
paints and coatings, resins and building materials
Ethylene. Ethylene is the worlds most widely used petrochemical in terms of volume. It is the key building block used to produce a large number of higher value-added chemicals including polyethylene, EDC, VCM and styrene. We have the capacity to produce 2.4 billion pounds of ethylene per year at our Lake Charles complex and consume the majority of our production internally to produce polyethylene and styrene monomer in our Olefins business and to produce VCM in our Vinyls business. We also produce
55
Polyethylene. Polyethylene, the worlds most widely consumed polymer, is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of packaging, film, coatings and molded product applications. Polyethylene is generally classified as either LDPE, LLDPE or HDPE. The density correlates to the relative stiffness of the products. The difference between LDPE and LLDPE is molecular, and products produced from LLDPE are stronger than products produced from LDPE. LDPE is used in end products such as bread bags, dry cleaning bags, food wraps and milk carton and snack package coatings. LLDPE is used for higher film strength applications such as stretch film and heavy duty sacks. HDPE is used to manufacture products such as grocery, merchandise and trash bags, plastic containers and plastic caps and closures.
We are the fourth largest producer of LDPE in North America based on capacity and, in 2003, our annual capacity of 850 million pounds was available in numerous formulations to meet the needs of our diverse customer base. We also have the combined capacity to produce 550 million pounds of either LLDPE or HDPE per year in various different formulations. We produce the three primary types of polyethylene and sell them to third parties as a final product in pellet form. We produce LDPE at one of our polyethylene plants and have the flexibility to produce both LLDPE and HDPE at the other polyethylene plant. This flexibility allows us to maximize production of either HDPE or LLDPE depending on prevailing market conditions.
Styrene. Styrene is used to produce polystyrene and synthetic rubber, which are used in a number of applications including injection molding, disposables, food packaging, housewares, paints and coatings, resins, building materials and toys. We produce styrene at our Lake Charles plant, where we have the capacity to produce 450 million pounds of styrene per year, all of which is sold to external customers.
Feedstocks |
We are highly integrated along our olefins product chain. We produce all of the ethylene required to produce our polyethylene, styrene and VCM. Ethylene can be produced from either petroleum liquid feedstocks, such as naphtha, condensates and gas oils, or from natural gas liquid feedstocks, such as ethane, propane and butane. One of our ethylene plants uses ethane as its feedstock and the other can use ethane, ethane/propane mix, propane and, most recently, butane, a heavier feedstock. We continue to seek ways to minimize our feedstock cost by increasing our ability to use alternative feedstocks. We receive ethane, propane and butane at our Lake Charles facilities through several pipelines from a variety of suppliers in Texas and Louisiana.
In addition to our internally supplied ethylene, we also require butene or hexene to manufacture polyethylene and benzene to manufacture styrene. We receive butene and hexene at the Lake Charles complex via rail car from four primary suppliers. We receive benzene via pipeline pursuant to a supply contract with a nearby supplier. Our current butene supply contracts expire on December 31, 2005, December 31, 2006 and May 31, 2007; our current hexene supply contract expires May 31, 2007; and our current benzene supply contract expires on December 31, 2004. The butene, hexene and benzene contracts are renewable for an additional term subject to either party to the contract notifying the other party that it does not wish to renew the contract. The counterparty to the benzene contract has notified us that it does not wish to renew the benzene contract after it expires on December 31, 2004.
Marketing, Sales and Distribution |
We use the majority of our Lake Charles ethylene production in our polyethylene, styrene and VCM operations. We sell the remainder to third parties. In addition, we sell our ethylene co-products to third
56
We typically ship our ethylene and propylene via a pipeline system that connects our plants to numerous customers. Our hydrogen is sold via pipeline to a single customer. We also have storage agreements and exchange agreements that allow us access to customers who are not directly connected to the pipeline system. We transport our polyethylene by rail or truck and we move our styrene, crude butadiene and pyrolysis gasoline by barge, rail or truck.
We have an internal sales force that sells directly to our customers. Our polyethylene customers are some of the nations largest purchasers of film and flexible packaging. No single Olefins customer accounted for more than 10% of our segment net sales in 2003.
Competition |
The markets in which our Olefins business operates are highly competitive. We compete on the basis of price, customer service, product deliverability, product quality and product performance. Our competitors in the ethylene, polyethylene and styrene markets are typically some of the worlds largest chemical companies, including Equistar Chemicals, LP, The Dow Chemical Company, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Lyondell Chemical Company, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP and NOVA Chemicals Corporation.
Vinyls Business
Products |
Principal products in our integrated Vinyls segment include PVC, VCM, EDC, chlorine, caustic soda and ethylene. We also manufacture and sell products fabricated from the PVC we produce, including pipe, fence and deck, and window and patio door components. We manage our integrated Vinyls production chain, from the basic chemicals to finished fabricated products, to maximize product margins, pricing and capacity utilization. Our primary manufacturing facilities are in Calvert City, Kentucky and include an ethylene plant, a chlor-alkali plant, a VCM plant and a PVC plant. We also own eleven strategically located PVC fabricated product facilities. In addition, in 2002 we acquired a vinyls facility in Geismar, Louisiana. We started the EDC portion of the Geismar facility in the fourth quarter of 2003. We have begun planning for a phased start-up of our VCM and PVC facilities in Geismar, Louisiana. The first phase of the start-up, which is expected to commence in 2005, will consist of one PVC train with approximately 300 million pounds of capacity per year. Any start-up of future phases will be determined by market conditions at the time. We also own a 43% interest in a joint venture in China that produces
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Product(1) | Annual Capacity(2) | End Uses | ||||
|
|
|
||||
(Millions of pounds) | ||||||
PVC
|
800 | Construction materials including pipe, siding, profiles for windows and doors, film for packaging and other consumer applications | ||||
VCM
|
1,300 | PVC | ||||
Chlorine
|
410 | VCM, organic/inorganic chemicals, bleach | ||||
Caustic Soda
|
450 | Pulp and paper, organic/inorganic chemicals, neutralization, alumina | ||||
Ethylene
|
450 | VCM | ||||
Fabricated Products(3)
|
900 | Pipe: water and sewer, plumbing, irrigation, conduit; window and door components; fence and deck components |
(1) | EDC, a VCM intermediate product, is not included in the table. |
(2) | Annual capacity excludes total capacity of 79 million pounds of PVC film and 286 million pounds of PVC resin from the joint venture in China (in which we have a 43% interest) and 600 million pounds of potential PVC and VCM capacity at our facilities in Geismar, Louisiana. |
(3) | Annual capacity for fabricated products includes the combined estimated pipe production capacity of 300 million pounds per year from the three recently acquired Bristolpipe manufacturing plants located in Indiana, Pennsylvania and Georgia. |
PVC. PVC, the worlds third most widely used plastic, is an attractive alternative to traditional materials such as glass, metal, wood, concrete and other plastic materials because of its versatility, durability and cost competitiveness. PVC is produced from VCM, which is, in turn, made from chlorine and ethylene. PVC compounds are made by combining PVC resin with various additives in order to make either rigid and impact-resistant or soft and flexible compounds. The various compounds are then fabricated into end-products through extrusion, calendering, injection-molding or blow-molding. Flexible PVC compounds are used for wire and cable insulation, automotive interior and exterior trims and packaging. Rigid extrusion PVC compounds are commonly used in window frames, vertical blinds and construction products, including pipes. Injection-molding PVC compounds are used in specialty products such as computer housings and keyboards, appliance parts and bottles. We have the capacity to produce 800 million pounds of PVC per year at our Calvert City facilities. We use a majority of our PVC internally in the production of our fabricated products. The remainder of our PVC is sold to downstream fabricators.
VCM. VCM is used to produce PVC, solvents and PVC-related products. We use ethylene and chlorine to produce VCM. Our current annual capacity of 1.3 billion pounds of VCM at our Calvert City facilities is primarily used in our PVC operations. The remainder of our VCM production is sold under a long-term contract with an external customer.
Chlorine and Caustic Soda. We combine salt and electricity to produce chlorine and caustic soda, co-products commonly referred to as chlor-alkali, at our Calvert City facilities. We use our chlorine production in our VCM plant. We have the capacity to supply approximately 53% of our internal chlorine requirements. We purchase the remaining amount at market prices. Our caustic soda is sold to external customers who use it for, among other things, the production of pulp and paper, organic and inorganic chemicals and alumina. In 2002, we modernized and expanded our chlorine plant by replacing the mercury cell technology with a more efficient, state-of-the-art membrane technology.
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Ethylene. We use all of the ethylene produced at Calvert City internally to produce VCM and, in 2003, we produced approximately 73% of the ethylene required for our VCM production. We obtain the remainder of the ethylene we need for our Vinyls business from our Lake Charles ethylene production in the form of EDC. The EDC portion of our Geismar facility began production in the fourth quarter of 2003, and this EDC is used internally in our production of VCM at Calvert City.
Fabricated Products. Products made from PVC are used in construction materials ranging from water and sewer systems to home and commercial applications for fence, deck, window and patio door systems. We manufacture and market water, sewer, irrigation and conduit pipe products under the North American Pipe brand. PVC pipe offers greater strength, lower installed cost, increased corrosion resistance, lighter weight and longer service life when compared to iron, steel and concrete alternatives. We also manufacture and market PVC window and patio door profiles under the NAPG brand and PVC fence and deck products under the Westech brand. PVC windows and patio doors are more energy efficient and easier to maintain than many alternative products. PVC fence and deck products feature low maintenance materials and long product life. All of our fabricated products production is sold to third parties.
China Joint Venture. We own a 43% interest in Suzhou Huasu Plastics Co. Ltd., a joint venture based near Shanghai, China. Our joint venture partners are Norways Norsk Hydro ASA, two local Chinese chemical companies and International Finance Corporation, a unit of the World Bank. In 1995, this joint venture constructed and began operating a PVC film plant that has a current annual capacity of 79 million pounds of PVC film. In 1999, the joint venture constructed and began operating a PVC resin plant that has an annual capacity of 286 million pounds of PVC resin.
Feedstocks |
We are highly integrated along our vinyls production chain. We produce all the ethylene, VCM and PVC used in our Vinyls business, excluding the PVC used by the three plants recently acquired from Bristolpipe Corporation, and approximately 53% of our chlorine requirements. The remainder of our chlorine requirements are purchased at market prices. Ethylene produced at our Calvert City facility utilizes propane feedstock. We purchase the salt required for our chlor-alkali plant pursuant to a long-term contract that expires in 2005. We purchase electricity for our chlor-alkali production from the Tennessee Valley Authority under a contract that expires in 2005.
We are one of the few North American integrated producers of vinyls with substantial downstream integration into PVC fabricated products. Our Calvert City PVC plant supplies all the PVC required for our fabricated products plants, excluding the three plants recently acquired from Bristolpipe Corporation. The remaining feedstocks for fabricated products include pigments, fillers and stabilizers, which we purchase under short-term contracts based on prevailing market prices.
Marketing, Sales and Distribution |
We are a leading manufacturer of PVC fabricated products by volume in the geographic regions where we operate. We sell our PVC pipe through a combination of distributors, manufacturer representatives and our internal salaried sales force. We use a regional sales approach that allows us to provide focused customer service and to meet the specified needs of individual customers. We use an internal salaried sales force to market and sell our fence and window and patio door profiles.
We use a majority of our VCM production in our PVC operations. We sell all of our caustic soda production to external customers, concentrating on customers who can receive the product by barge over the Mississippi, Tennessee and Ohio Rivers to minimize transportation costs. In 2003, one contract customer in our Vinyls segment accounted for 19% of segment net sales.
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Competition |
Competition in the vinyls market is based on price, product availability, product performance and customer service. We compete in the vinyls market with other large and medium-sized producers including Oxy Vinyls, LP, The Dow Chemical Company, Shintech, Inc., Georgia Gulf Corporation and Formosa Plastics Corporation.
Competition in the fabricated products market is based on price, on-time delivery, product quality, customer service and product consistency. We compete in the fabricated products market with other medium and large-sized producers and fabricators including J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc., Diamond Plastics Corporation, National Pipe & Plastics, Inc. and PW Eagle, Inc. We are a leading manufacturer of PVC pipe by volume in the geographic areas served by our North American Pipe Corporation subsidiary. We believe that we are the second largest manufacturer of PVC fence and deck components by volume in the United States.
Environmental and Other Regulation
As is common in our industry, obtaining, producing and distributing many of our products involves the use, storage, transportation and disposal of large quantities of toxic and hazardous materials, and our manufacturing operations require the generation and disposal of large quantities of hazardous wastes. We are subject to extensive, evolving and increasingly stringent federal and local environmental laws and regulations, which address, among other things, the following:
| emissions to the air; | |
| discharges to land or to surface and subsurface waters; | |
| other releases into the environment; | |
| remediation of contaminated sites; | |
| generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste materials; and | |
| maintenance of safe conditions in the workplace. |
We are subject to environmental laws and regulations that can impose civil and criminal sanctions and that may require us to remove or mitigate the effects of the disposal or release of chemical substances at various sites. Under some of these laws and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of property may be held liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous substances on, under, or in its property, without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or caused the presence of the contaminants, and regardless of whether the practices that resulted in the contamination were legal at the time they occurred. Because several of our production sites have a history of industrial use, it is impossible to predict precisely what effect these laws and regulations will have on us in the future. As is typical for chemical businesses, soil and groundwater contamination has occurred in the past at some of our sites, and might occur or be discovered at other sites in the future. We have typically conducted extensive soil and groundwater assessments either prior to acquisitions or in connection with subsequent permitting requirements. Our investigations have not revealed any contamination caused by our operations that would likely require us to incur material long-term remediation efforts and associated liabilities.
Calvert City. In connection with our 1990 and 1997 acquisitions of the Goodrich Corporation chemical manufacturing complex in Calvert City, Goodrich agreed to indemnify us for any liabilities related to pre-existing contamination at the site. In addition, we agreed to indemnify Goodrich for contamination attributable to the ownership, use or operation of the plant after the closing date. The soil and groundwater at the manufacturing complex, which does not include our PVC facility in Calvert City, had been extensively contaminated by Goodrichs operations. In 1993, the Geon Corporation was spun off from Goodrich, and Geon assumed the responsibility to operate the site-wide remediation system and the indemnification obligations for any liabilities arising from pre-existing contamination at the site. Subsequently, Geons name was changed to PolyOne. Part of the former Goodrich facility, which we did
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Given the scope and extent of the underlying contamination at our manufacturing complex, the remediation will likely take a number of years. The costs incurred to treat contaminated groundwater collected from beneath the site were $2.6 million in 2003, and we expect this level of expenditures to continue for the life of the remediation. For the past three years, PolyOne has suggested that our actions after our acquisition of the complex have contributed to or otherwise exacerbated the contamination at the site. We have denied those allegations and have retained technical experts to evaluate our position. Goodrich has also asserted claims similar to those of PolyOne. In addition, Goodrich has asserted that we are responsible for a portion of the ongoing costs of treating contaminated groundwater being pumped from beneath the site and, since May 2003, has withheld payment of 45% of the costs that we incur to operate Goodrichs pollution control equipment located on our property. We met with Goodrich representatives in July and August of 2003 to discuss Goodrichs assertions.
In October 2003, we filed suit against Goodrich in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky for unpaid invoices related to the groundwater treatment, which totaled approximately $1.2 million as of June 30, 2004. Goodrich has filed an answer and counterclaim in which it alleges that we are responsible for contamination at the facility. We have denied those allegations and have filed a motion to dismiss Goodrichs counterclaim. The court has recently ruled on our motion to dismiss and has dismissed part of Goodrichs counterclaim while retaining the remainder. Goodrich also filed a third party complaint against PolyOne, which in turn has filed motions to dismiss, counterclaims against Goodrich and third-party claims against us. On April 28, 2004, the parties agreed on discovery procedures. Further, on June 8, 2004, we filed a motion for summary judgment on our claim against Goodrich. PolyOne has filed a claim against both Goodrich and us alleging conspiracy to defraud PolyOne. On June 16, 2004, we filed a motion to dismiss PolyOnes claim. Discovery in the case commenced on July 15, 2004.
In addition, we have intervened in administrative proceedings in Kentucky that were initiated in the fall of 2003 in which both Goodrich and PolyOne are seeking to shift Goodrichs cleanup responsibilities under its Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA, permit to other parties, including us. These proceedings are currently in mediation, the most recent session of which was held on July 15, 2004.
In January 2004, the State of Kentucky notified us by letter that, due to our ownership of a closed landfill (known as Pond 4) at the manufacturing complex, we would be required to submit a post-closure permit application under RCRA. This could require us to bear the responsibility and cost of performing remediation work on the pond and solid waste management units and areas of concern located on property that we own adjacent to the pond. We acquired Pond 4 from Goodrich in 1997 as part of the acquisition of other facilities. Under our contract, we have the right to require Goodrich to retake title to Pond 4 in the event that ownership of Pond 4 requires us to be added to Goodrichs permit associated with the facility clean-up issued under RCRA. We believe that the letter sent to us by the State of Kentucky triggers our right to tender ownership of Pond 4 back to Goodrich. We have notified Goodrich of its obligation to accept ownership and have tendered title to Pond 4 back to Goodrich. We have also filed an appeal with the State of Kentucky regarding its letter. Goodrich and PolyOne have both filed motions to intervene in this appeal. On July 1, 2004, we notified the State of Kentucky that we would prefer to conduct a clean-closure equivalency determination, or CCED, of Pond 4 rather than pursue a permit.
None of the parties involved in the proceedings relating to our disputes with Goodrich and PolyOne and the State of Kentucky described above has formally quantified the amount of monetary relief that they are seeking from us. Nor has the court or the State of Kentucky proposed or established an allocation of the costs of remediation among the various participants. Goodrich is withholding 45% of the groundwater treatment costs that we are charging to them. As of June 30, 2004, the aggregate amount withheld by Goodrich was approximately $1.2 million. Any monetary liabilities that we might incur with respect to the remediation of contamination at our manufacturing complex in Calvert City would likely be spread out over an extended period. While we have denied responsibility for any such remediation costs and are
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In March and June 2002, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys National Enforcement Investigations Center, or NEIC, conducted an environmental investigation of our manufacturing complex in Calvert City consisting of our EDC/VCM, ethylene and chlor-alkali plants. In May 2003, we received a report prepared by the NEIC summarizing the results of that investigation. Among other things, the NEIC concluded that the requirements of several regulatory provisions had not been met. We have analyzed the NEIC report and have identified areas where we believe that erroneous factual or legal conclusions, or both, may have been drawn by the NEIC. We have held a number of discussions with the EPA concerning its conclusions. In February 2004, representatives of the EPA orally informed us that the agency proposed to assess monetary penalties against us and to require us to implement certain injunctive relief to ensure compliance. In addition, the EPAs representatives informed us that the EPA, the NEIC and the State of Kentucky would conduct an inspection of our PVC facility in Calvert City, which is separate from our manufacturing complex and was not visited during the 2002 inspection. That additional inspection took place in late February 2004. We have not yet received a written report from the agencies regarding the actions that they propose to take in response to that visit. The EPA has recently submitted to us an information request under Section 114 of the Clean Air Act and has issued a Notice of Violation, both pertaining to the inspection of the EDC/VCM plant. The Notice of Violation does not propose any specific penalties. We met with the EPA on June 8 and 9, 2004 and are engaged in settlement discussions. The EPA has also issued to us information requests under Section 3007 of RCRA and Section 114 of the Clean Air Act regarding the PVC plant inspection. It is likely that monetary penalties will be imposed, that capital expenditures for installation of environmental controls will be required, or that other relief will be sought, or all or some combination of the preceding, by either the EPA or the State of Kentucky as a result of the environmental investigations in Calvert City. In such case, we expect that, based on the EPAs past practices, the amount of any monetary penalties may be able to be reduced by a percentage of the expenditures that we would agree to make for certain supplemental environmental projects. We are not in a position at this time to state what effect, if any, these proceedings could have on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Geismar. In 2002, we acquired portions of an idled chemical complex in Geismar, Louisiana that were previously owned and operated by Borden Chemicals, Inc. and Borden Chemicals and Plastics Operating Limited Partnership, or BCP. In 1998, BCP entered into a consent decree with the EPA and the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, or LDEQ, to investigate and remediate contaminated soil and groundwater at the site. As a part of BCPs bankruptcy reorganization, Borden Chemicals assumed BCPs obligations under the 1998 consent decree in a separate settlement agreement with the EPA and the LDEQ. The EPA has estimated that the cleanup obligations of BCP and Borden Chemicals may total approximately $33 million. We believe that approximately $20 million of these costs relate to property that we did not acquire and on which we do not operate. Early in 2002, CERCLA was amended to create a new defense against liability for purchasers of contaminated property. We believe we meet the criteria set forth in the statute to take advantage of the bona fide purchaser defense with respect to pre-existing contamination as long as, among other things, we do not release hazardous substances at the site that create a material effect and we cooperate with Borden Chemicals as it performs its remediation obligations at the site. In August 2003, the LDEQ notified us that it will look first to Borden Chemicals to address cleanup responsibilities for existing contamination on the property we acquired.
General. It is our policy to comply with all environmental, health and safety requirements and to provide safe and environmentally sound workplaces for our employees. In some cases, compliance can be achieved only by incurring capital expenditures, and we are faced with instances of non-compliance from time to time. In 2003, we made capital expenditures of $4.2 million related to environmental compliance. We estimate that we will make capital expenditures of $4.4 million and $6.3 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively, related to environmental compliance. We anticipate that stringent environmental regulations will continue to be imposed on us and the industry in general. Although we cannot predict with certainty future expenditures, management believes that our current spending trends will continue.
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It is difficult to estimate the future costs of environmental protection and remediation because of many uncertainties, including uncertainties about the status of laws, regulations and information related to individual locations and sites and our ability to rely on third parties to carry out such remediation. Subject to the foregoing, but taking into consideration our experience regarding environmental matters of a similar nature and facts currently known, and except for the outcome of pending litigation and regulatory proceedings, which we cannot predict, but which could have a material adverse effect on us, we believe that capital expenditures and remedial actions to comply with existing laws governing environmental protection will not have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.
Employees
As of June 30, 2004, we had 1,652 employees, 336 contractors and 6 consultants in the following areas:
Category | Number | |||
|
|
|||
Olefins segment
|
649 | |||
Vinyls segment
|
1,250 | |||
Headquarters
|
95 |
Approximately 18% of our employees are represented by labor unions. Approximately 88% of these union-represented employees are working under collective bargaining agreements that expire later in 2004 and that we expect will be renegotiated. There have been no strikes or lockouts and we have not experienced any work stoppages throughout our history. We believe that our relationship with the local union officials and bargaining committees is open and positive.
We are hiring approximately 160 employees for the three plants we recently acquired from Bristolpipe Corporation.
Technology and Intellectual Property
Our technology strategy is to selectively acquire and license third-party proprietary technology. Our selection process incorporates many factors, including the cost of the technology, our customers requirements, raw material and energy consumption rates, product quality, capital costs, maintenance requirements and reliability. We believe that the most cost-effective way to acquire technology applicable to our businesses is to purchase or license it from third-party market providers. As a result, we have eliminated the need for research expenditures and believe we are able to select the best available technology at the time our need arises. After acquiring a technology, we devote considerable efforts to further develop and effectively apply the technology with a view to continuously improving our competitive position.
We license technology from a number of third-party providers. In 1988, we selected the MW Kellogg technology for our first ethylene plant at our Lake Charles complex. In 1995, we selected the ABB Lummus Crest technology, as a state-of-the-art, low-cost and efficient method of producing ethylene, for the second ethylene plant at Lake Charles. In 1990, we selected Mobil/Badger technology for our styrene monomer plant at Lake Charles and in 1996 selected BP technology for our second Lake Charles polyethylene plant. In 1997, we entered into a corporate-wide technology agreement with Aspen Technology. The Aspen Technology Plantelligence TM includes an advanced process control software system which improves process control and economic optimization. In 1998, we licensed Asahi Chemical membrane technology for our chlor-alkali plant. Other than the license with BP Chemicals Limited, which requires us to make annual payments of $3.1 million through May 2007, all of our other significant technology licenses are perpetual and paid in full.
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Properties
Our manufacturing facilities and principal
products are set forth below. Except as noted, we own each of
these facilities. Our Lake Charles and Calvert City facilities
have been pledged to secure our term loan.
Our Lake Charles complex consists of three tracts
on over 1,300 acres in Lake Charles, Louisiana, each within
two miles of one another. The complex includes two ethylene
plants, two polyethylene plants and a styrene monomer plant. The
combined capacity of our two ethylene plants is approximately
2.4 billion pounds per year. The capacity of our two
polyethylene plants is approximately 1.4 billion pounds per
year and the capacity of our styrene plant is approximately
450 million pounds per year. We operate some of the newest
manufacturing facilities in North America and focus on
continually improving our asset portfolio and cost position. Our
newest polyethylene plant has two production units that use gas
phase technology to manufacture both LLDPE and HDPE. Our styrene
monomer plant is being modernized with state-of-the-art
technology and underwent debottlenecking in the second quarter
of 2003 for additional capacity.
Our Lake Charles complex includes a marine
terminal that provides for worldwide shipping capabilities. The
complex also is located near rail transportation facilities,
which allows for efficient delivery of raw materials and prompt
shipment of our products to customers. In addition, the complex
is connected by pipeline systems to our ethylene feedstock
sources in both Texas and Louisiana. Within the complex, our
ethylene plants are connected by pipeline systems to our
polyethylene and styrene plants. Our location, combined with our
integration in ethylene and our new and modernized plant
facilities, allows for low-cost production and distribution of
products in our Olefins business.
Our Calvert City complex is situated on
550 acres on the Tennessee River in Kentucky and includes
an ethylene plant, a chlor-alkali plant, a VCM plant and a PVC
plant. The capacity of our Calvert City ethylene plant is
450 million pounds per year and of our chlor-alkali plant
is 410 million pounds of chlorine and 450 million
pounds of caustic soda per year. In 2002, we modernized and
expanded our
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We currently operate eleven fabricated products
plants, consisting of eight PVC pipe plants, a fence and deck
plant and two window and patio door profiles plants. The
majority of our plants are strategically located near our
Calvert City complex and serve customers throughout the middle
United States. One of our profiles plants is located in Calgary,
Alberta and the other is in Pawling, New York. The combined
capacity of our fabricated products plants is 900 million
pounds per year. Our Pawling, New York plant also
fabricates fence.
In 2002, we acquired a vinyls facility in
Geismar, Louisiana. The facility was purchased for
$5 million in cash plus a percentage of future earnings not
to exceed $4 million. The site includes a PVC plant with a
potential capacity of 600 million pounds per year and a VCM
plant with a potential capacity of 600 million pounds per
year with related EDC capacity. We started the EDC portion of
the facility in the fourth quarter of 2003. We have begun
planning for phased start-up of our VCM and PVC facilities in
Geismar, Louisiana. The first phase of the start-up, which is
expected to commence in 2005, will consist of one PVC train with
approximately 300 million pounds of capacity per year. Any
start-up of future phases will be determined by market
conditions at the time.
We believe that our current facilities are
adequate to meet the requirements of our present and foreseeable
future operations.
Our principal executive offices are located in
Houston, Texas. Our office space is leased, at market rates,
from an affiliate under a lease expiring on December 31,
2004. See Certain Relationships and Related Party
Transactions.
Legal Proceedings
In connection with the purchase of our Calvert
City facilities in 1997, we acquired 10 barges that we use to
transport chemicals on the Mississippi, Ohio and Illinois
Rivers. In April 1999, the U.S. Coast Guard issued a
forfeiture order permanently barring the use of our barges in
coastwise trade due to an alleged violation of a federal statute
regarding the citizenship of the purchaser. We appealed the
forfeiture order with the Coast Guard and, in June 1999, we
filed suit in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
D.C. Circuit seeking a stay of the order pending resolution
of the Coast Guard appeal. The D.C. Circuit granted the
stay and we are able to use the barges pending resolution of our
appeal with the Coast Guard. In October 2003, the Coast Guard
issued notice that it would not change its regulations. As a
result, we are now seeking legislative relief through a private
bill from the U.S. Congress, and the Coast Guard has stated
that it will not oppose such efforts. The D.C. Circuit is
holding further proceedings in abeyance pending the outcome of
those efforts. We do not believe that the ultimate outcome of
this matter will have a material adverse effect on our business,
although there can be no assurance in this regard.
In October 2003, we filed suit against CITGO
Petroleum Corporation in state court in Lake Charles, Louisiana,
asserting that CITGO had failed to take sufficient hydrogen
under two successive contracts pursuant to which we supplied and
we supply to CITGO hydrogen that we generate as a co-product in
our ethylene plants in Lake Charles. In December 2003, CITGO
responded with an answer and a counterclaim against us,
asserting that CITGO had overpaid us for hydrogen due to our
allegedly faulty sales meter and that we are obligated to
reimburse CITGO for the overpayments. In January 2004, we filed
a motion to compel arbitration of CITGOs counterclaim and
to stay all court proceedings relating to the counterclaim. In
May 2004, the parties filed a joint motion with the court to
provide for CITGOs counterclaim to be resolved by
arbitration. Our claim against CITGO is approximately
$8.1 million plus interest at the prime rate plus two
percentage points and attorneys fees. CITGOs claim
against us is approximately $7.8 million plus interest at
the prime rate plus two percentage points and attorneys
fees. The parties held a mediation conference in April 2004 at
which they agreed to conduct further discovery
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In December 2003, we were served with a petition
as a defendant in a suit in state court in Denver, Colorado,
brought by International Window Colorado, Inc.,
or IWC, against several other parties. As the suit relates
to us, IWC claims that we breached an exclusive license
agreement by supplying window-profiles products into a
restricted territory and that we improperly assisted a
competitor of IWC, resulting in lost profits to IWC and a
collapse of IWCs business. IWC has claimed damages of
approximately $5.4 million. The case is in the early
discovery phase. We are vigorously defending our position in
this case.
In addition to the matters described above and
under Environmental and Other
Regulation, we are involved in various routine legal
proceedings incidental to the conduct of our business. We do not
believe that any of these routine legal proceedings will have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of
operations or cash flows.
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Location
Principal Products
Ethylene, polyethylene, styrene
PVC, VCM, chlorine, caustic soda, ethylene
PVC, VCM and EDC
PVC pipe
PVC pipe
PVC pipe
PVC pipe
PVC pipe
PVC pipe
PVC pipe
PVC pipe
Fence and deck components
Window and patio door components
Window, patio door and fence components
(1)
We lease a portion of our Calvert City facilities.
(2)
We started the EDC portion of the Geismar
facility in the fourth quarter of 2003. We have begun planning
for a phased start-up of our VCM and PVC facilities in Geismar,
Louisiana. The first phase of the start-up, which is expected to
commence in 2005, will consist of one PVC train with
approximately 300 million pounds of capacity per year. Any
start-up of future phases will be determined by market
conditions at the time.
(3)
We lease our Calgary facility.
Olefins
Vinyls
Headquarters
MANAGEMENT
Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth the names and
positions of our directors and executive officers and their ages
as of May 1, 2004:
Director
Name
Age
Position(s)
Class
62
Director
Class III director
54
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Class III director
56
Chairman of the Board
Class II director
48
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
and Director
Class I director
58
Director
Class I director
54
Director
Class I director
72
Director
Class II director
53
Senior Vice President, Administration
N/A
61
Senior Vice President, Vinyls
N/A
56
Vice President and Treasurer
N/A
53
Vice President and Controller
N/A
50
Vice President, Polyethylene
N/A
57
Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
N/A
46
Vice President, Olefins and Styrene
N/A
(1) | Appointed as a director effective as of the closing of this offering. |
Robert T. Blakely. Mr. Blakely has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of MCI, Inc. since April 2003. His prior positions include: President of Performance Enhancement Group, Ltd. from July 2002 to April 2003; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Lyondell Chemical Company from November 1999 to June 2002; Executive Vice President of Tenneco Inc. from 1996 to November 1999 and Chief Financial Officer from 1981 to November 1999; and Managing Director of Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. from 1980 to 1981 and an employee from 1970. He currently serves on the board of directors of Lufkin Industries Inc. and Natural Resource Partners L.P. and is a trustee of Cornell University. In addition, Mr. Blakely was a Member of the Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council from 1999 to 2003. He holds a B.M.E. degree in mechanical engineering and a M.B.A. in business administration from Cornell University and a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. Blakely has been appointed as one of our directors effective as of the closing of this offering.
Albert Chao. Mr. Chao has been our President since May 1996 and a director since June 2003. Mr. Chao has over 30 years of international experience in the chemical industry. In 1985, Mr. Chao assisted his father T.T. Chao and his brother James Chao in founding Westlake, where he served as Executive Vice President until he succeeded James as President. He has held positions in the Controllers Group of Mobil Oil Corporation, in the Technical Department of Hercules Incorporated, in the Plastics Group of Gulf Oil Corporation and has served as Assistant to the Chairman of China General Plastics Group and Deputy Managing Director of a plastics fabrication business in Singapore. He is also a director of Titan Group (Malaysia). Mr. Chao received a bachelors degree from Brandeis University and an M.B.A. from Columbia University. Mr. Chao is a trustee of Rice University.
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James Chao. Mr. Chao has been our Chairman of the Board since July 2004 and became a director in June 2003. He previously served as our Vice Chairman of the Board since May 1996. Mr. Chao also has responsibility for the oversight of our Vinyls business. Mr. Chao has over 30 years of international experience in the chemical industry. In June 2003, he was named Chairman of Titan Group (Malaysia) and previously served as the Managing Director. He has served as a Special Assistant to the Chairman of China General Plastics Group and worked in various financial, managerial and technical positions at Mattel Incorporated, Developmental Bank of Singapore, Singapore Gulf Plastics Pte. Ltd. and Gulf Oil Corporation. Mr. Chao, along with his brother Albert Chao, assisted their father T.T. Chao in founding Westlake and served as Westlakes first president from 1985 to 1996. Mr. Chao received his Bachelor of Science degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from Columbia University. Mr. Chao is a trustee of Thunderbird, The Garvin School of International Management.
Ruth I. Dreessen. Ms. Dreessen has been our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since June 2003. She was employed by JPMorgan Chase & Company for 21 years where she last served as Managing Director of the Global Chemicals Group. She was formerly a member of the board of Georgia Gulf Corporation and is currently a member of the board of Better Minerals & Aggregates Corporation. She received her undergraduate degree from New College of Florida and a Masters in International Affairs from Columbia University. Ms. Dreessen has been appointed as one of our directors effective as of the closing of this offering. Ms. Dreessen has agreed to resign from the board of directors in the event that she ceases to be our employee.
Dorothy C. Jenkins. Ms. Jenkins has been a director since June 2003. Ms. Jenkins is a director of A-Group Holdings, an affiliate of ours. For the past five years, Ms. Jenkins has managed her personal investments. She is also a member of the boards of various civic and charitable organizations including Polk Museum of Art and the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art Foundation, Inc. Ms. Jenkins is the sister of James Chao and Albert Chao. She is a graduate of Wellesley College and holds a B.S. in Mathematics with additional graduate studies in mathematics at the University of South Florida.
Max L. Lukens. Mr. Lukens has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of Stewart & Stevenson Services, Inc. since March 2004 and previously served as its Chairman of the Board, from December 2002 to March 2004, and Interim Chief Executive Officer and President, from September 2003 to March 2004. He was also previously employed by Baker Hughes Incorporated from 1981 to January 2000, where he served as Baker Hughes Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer from 1997 to January 2000. He currently serves on the board of directors of NCI Building Systems, Inc. and Ethics.Point.COM. Mr. Lukens, a Certified Public Accountant who was with Deloitte Haskins & Sells for 10 years, received both his B.S. and M.B.A. degrees from Miami University of Ohio. Mr. Lukens has been appointed as one of our directors effective as of the closing of this offering.
Dr. Gilbert R. Whitaker, Jr. Dr. Whitaker is Dean and H. Joe Nelson III Professor of Business Economics at the Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Management of Rice University and Senior Advisor to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. His previous positions include: Provost and Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs at the University of Michigan from September 1990 to August 1995 and Dean and Professor of Business Economics at the University of Michigan School of Business Administration from 1979 to 1990; Dean and Professor of Business Economics at the M.J. Neeley School of Business at Texas Christian University from 1976 to 1978; and Associate Dean and Professor of Business Economics at the Graduate School of Business of Washington University in St. Louis from 1966 to 1976. He currently serves on the board of directors of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Forum for the Future of Higher Education, the Alley Theatre, the Council of Overseers of the Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Management and the Rice University Fund Council. Dr. Whitaker holds a B.A. in economics from Rice University, an M.S. in economics from the University of Wisconsin and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Whitaker has been appointed as one of our directors effective as of the closing of this offering.
David R. Hansen. Mr. Hansen has been our Senior Vice President, Administration, since September 1999 and served as Vice President, Human Resources from 1993 to 1999. From August 2003 until July
68
Wayne D. Morse. Mr. Morse has been a Senior Vice President since 1994 and was named Senior Vice President, Vinyls and Manufacturing in January 2003. In July 2004, he was named Senior Vice President, Vinyls. Mr. Morse joined Westlake in 1990 after 23 years of service with Goodrich Corporation. He held the position of Vice President and General Manager of BFG Intermediates Division, which had ethylene, chlor-alkali and EDC/ VCM operations. Since joining Westlake, Mr. Morse has had broad executive responsibility for all chemical operations and is the senior manufacturing executive of our company. Mr. Morse earned a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Louisville.
Tai-li Keng. Ms. Keng has been our Vice President and Treasurer since June 2003. She was appointed Treasurer in 2002 and previously served as Manager, Banking and Investments from 1996 to 2002. Ms. Keng joined Westlake in 1992 after nine years in commercial banking, where she last served as a Vice President of NationsBank and its predecessors. Ms. Keng is a graduate of the National Taiwan University and the State University of New York. She holds a Masters in International Management from Thunderbird, The Garvin School of International Management.
George J. Mangieri. Mr. Mangieri has been our Vice President and Controller since joining us in April 2000. Prior to joining Westlake, Mr. Mangieri served as Vice President and Controller of Zurn Industries, Inc. from 1998 to 2000. He previously was employed as Vice President and Controller for Imo Industries, Inc. in New Jersey, and spent over 10 years in public accounting with Ernst & Young LLP, where he served as Senior Manager. He received his Bachelor of Science degree from Monmouth College and is a Certified Public Accountant.
Jeffrey L. Taylor. Mr. Taylor has been our Vice President, Polyethylene, since January 2003. Mr. Taylor joined Westlake in March 2002 as Manager, PE Marketing. Mr. Taylor joined Westlake after a 25-year career with Chevron Phillips Chemical Company where he served as the Vice President, Polyethylene, Americas from 2000 to 2001 and Marketing Manager Polyethylene from 1999 to 2000. During his career, he has held a variety of sales, marketing, operations and general management assignments. He is a graduate of the University of Delaware with a B.S. in Business Administration and a B.A. in Mathematics.
Stephen Wallace. Mr. Wallace joined our company in December 2003 as our Vice President and General Counsel and was elected Secretary in July 2004. He began his legal career over 20 years ago at the law firm of Baker Botts L.L.P., which he left as a partner in 1993. He subsequently held senior corporate legal positions with Transworld Oil U.S.A., Inc. (1993-1996; 2002-2003), Oman Oil Company Ltd. (1996-1997), and Enron Global Exploration & Production Inc. and its affiliates (1997-2002). Mr. Wallace holds a B.A. from Rice University and a Ph.D. from Cornell University in linguistics, and received his J.D. from the University of Houston.
Warren W. Wilder. Mr. Wilder has been our Vice President, Olefins and Styrene, since January 2003. Mr. Wilder joined Westlake in January 2000 as Vice President, Planning and Business Development, and in February 2001, he was appointed Vice President, Polyethylene. Prior to joining Westlake, he was an executive with Koch Industries, Inc. for over 10 years where he held positions in planning and business development, finance, operations and general management, including Vice President, Koch Hydrocarbons from 1996 to 1999. Mr. Wilder holds a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Washington and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago.
69
Board Structure and Compensation of
Directors
Our directors will be divided into three classes
serving staggered three-year terms. Class I, Class II and Class
III directors will serve until our annual meetings of
stockholders in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. At each
annual meeting of stockholders, directors will be elected to
succeed the class of directors whose terms have expired. This
classification of our board of directors could have the effect
of increasing the length of time necessary to change the
composition of a majority of the board of directors. In general,
at least two annual meetings of stockholders will be necessary
for stockholders to effect a change in a majority of the members
of the board of directors.
Because we will be considered to be controlled by
the principal stockholder under New York Stock Exchange
rules, we will be eligible for exemptions from provisions of
these rules requiring a majority of independent directors,
nominating and governance and compensation committees composed
entirely of independent directors and written charters
addressing specified matters. We have elected to take advantage
of certain of these exemptions. In the event that we cease to be
a controlled company within the meaning of these rules, we will
be required to comply with these provisions after the specified
transition periods.
Directors who are also full-time officers or
employees of our company or affiliates of the principal
stockholder will receive no additional compensation for serving
as directors. All other directors will receive an annual
retainer of $40,000. The audit committee chairman will receive
an additional annual retainer of $10,000.
Under our omnibus incentive plan, the board will
have authority to determine the awards made to outside directors
under the plan from time to time without the prior approval of
our stockholders. At the closing of this offering, we plan to
grant stock options to our non-employee directors under our
omnibus incentive plan. Each grant of stock options will cover a
number of shares of our common stock equal to $40,000 divided by
the public offering price per share indicated on the cover of
this prospectus. These stock options will become exercisable in
equal amounts on the first, second and third anniversary of the
closing of this offering.
Board Committees
Our board of directors plans to have an audit
committee, a nominating and governance committee and a
compensation committee following this offering.
The audit committee, which is expected to consist
of Messrs. Blakely (chairman), Lukens and Whitaker, will
review and report to the board of directors the scope and
results of audits by our outside auditor and our internal
auditing staff and review with the outside auditor the adequacy
of our system of internal controls. It will review transactions
between us and our directors and officers, our policies
regarding those transactions and compliance with our business
ethics and conflict of interest policies. The audit committee
will also recommend to the board of directors a firm of
certified public accountants to serve as our outside auditor for
each fiscal year, review the audit and other professional
services rendered by the outside auditor and periodically review
the independence of the outside auditor.
The nominating and governance committee, which is
expected to consist of Messrs. Albert Chao, James Chao and
Whitaker (chairman), will assist the board of directors by
identifying individuals qualified to become board members and
members of board committees, recommending nominees for the next
annual meeting of stockholders and nominees for each committee
of the board of directors, leading the board of directors in its
annual review of the boards and managements
performance, monitoring our corporate governance structure and
periodically reviewing and recommending any proposed changes to
the corporate governance guidelines applicable to us.
The compensation committee, which is expected to
consist of Messrs. Albert Chao and Lukens (chairman) and
Ms. Jenkins, will review and recommend to the board of
directors the compensation and benefits of our executive
officers, establish and review general policies relating to our
compensation and benefits and administer our stock plans.
70
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider
Participation
During 2003, Albert Chao and James Chao
participated in deliberations of our board of directors
concerning executive officer compensation.
Stock Ownership of Directors and Executive
Officers
The following table sets forth the beneficial
ownership of our common stock as of July 1, 2004 (as if the
Transactions had occurred prior to July 1, 2004), by each
beneficial owner of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of
common stock, by each of our directors, by each named executive
officer and by all directors and executive officers as a group.
To our knowledge, except as indicated in the footnotes to this
table or as provided by applicable community property laws, the
persons named in the table have sole investment and voting power
with respect to the shares of common stock indicated.
71
Common Stock
Number of
Percent of
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)
Shares
Class
51,505,277
100.0
%
(1)
The address of each beneficial owner is 2801 Post
Oak Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77056.
(2)
Appointed as a director effective as of the
closing of this offering.
(3)
Two trusts for the benefit of members of the Chao
family are the managers of TTWFGP LLC, a Delaware limited
liability company that is the general partner of TTWF LP. James
Chao, Albert Chao and Dorothy C. Jenkins are authorized
representatives of the two managers. The limited partners of
TTWF LP are five trusts principally for the benefit of members
of the Chao family and two corporations owned, directly or
indirectly, by certain of these trusts and by other entities
owned by members of the Chao family. James Chao, Albert Chao and
Dorothy C. Jenkins share investment and voting power with
respect to the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by
TTWF LP.
Executive Compensation
The following table provides information
regarding the compensation awarded to or earned during 2003,
2002 and 2001 by our principal executive officer and the next
four most highly compensated individuals who were serving as
executive officers at the end of 2003 (collectively, the
named executive officers).
72
Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards in
2003
The following table provides information
regarding units awarded to the named executive officers for
services provided in 2003 under the Performance Unit Plan.
The Performance Unit Plan is a discretionary,
non-qualified, non-equity based long-term incentive plan that
covers essentially all of our executives and other selected key
employees, including the named executive officers. The employees
who participate in the plan and all awards under the plan are
determined on a discretionary basis by the Chairmans
Office. Units are granted on the first day of each year and 50%
of the units vest two years after the grant date and the
remaining 50% vest seven years after the grant date. The cash
value of each unit is based on the percentage increase or
decrease in our consolidated book value over the life of the
grant as measured on December 31 of each year. Increases in
the book value exclude any capital contributions or increases in
capital due to mergers, and book value is adjusted to reflect
the payment of any dividends. In connection with the offering,
we will terminate the Performance Unit Plan and all outstanding
awards, whether or not vested, will be cancelled in exchange for
a lump sum cash payment determined based upon the percentage
increase in book value from the date of the respective award,
plus an additional payment equal to 25% of the lump sum amount
to compensate the employee for the loss of future potential
appreciation.
Pension Plan Table
The following table provides estimated annual
pension benefits payable to some of our employees, including
Wayne D. Morse, upon retirement at age 65 based on credited
service as of January 1, 2004 under the provisions of the
Westlake Group Salaried Employees Defined Benefit Plan.
None of the other named executive officers participates in this
plan.
73
The amounts shown in the above table are
necessarily based upon certain assumptions, including retirement
of the employee at age 65 based on credited services as of
January 1, 2004 and payment of the benefit under the basic
form of allowance provided under the Westlake Group Salaried
Employees Defined Benefit Plan (payment for the life of
the employee five years certain). The amounts will change if the
payment is made under any other form of allowance permitted by
the retirement plan or if an employees actual retirement
occurs after January 1, 2004 since the annual covered
compensation level of such employee (one of the factors
used in computing the annual retirement benefits) may change
during the employees subsequent years of benefit service.
The covered compensation for which retirement benefits are
computed under the Westlake Group Salaried Employees
Defined Benefit Plan is the average of the participants
highest four consecutive years out of the last ten years of base
salary plus annual bonus. Base salary and annual bonus amounts
for 2003 are set forth under the Salary and
Bonus headings in the Summary Compensation Table for
Mr. Morse. The benefits shown are not subject to deduction
for Social Security benefits or other offset amounts, including
any offset for payments made from the Goodrich Corporation plan
for certain former employees of Goodrich Corporation, including
Mr. Morse.
Omnibus Incentive Plan
Our board of directors has adopted, and our sole
stockholder has approved, the Westlake Chemical Corporation 2004
Omnibus Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the 2004
plan, to be effective on the closing of the offering.
Eligibility.
Our
employees and nonemployee directors are eligible to be
considered for awards under the 2004 plan, as well as
individuals who have agreed to become our employees within six
months of the date of grant.
Shares Available for
Awards.
Up to 6,327,000 shares of
our common stock may be issued under the 2004 plan. No more than
633,000 shares of our common stock may be used for awards
to non-employee directors. Shares of our common stock will be
made available either from authorized but unissued shares or
from treasury shares that have been issued but reacquired by us.
Shares subject to awards under the 2004 plan that
are forfeited, terminated, expire unexercised, settled in cash,
exchanged for other awards, tendered to satisfy the purchase
price of an award, withheld to satisfy tax obligations or
otherwise lapse will become available for awards under the 2004
plan. Shares delivered in settlement, assumption, or
substitution of awards granted by another entity as a result of
an acquisition or under an acquired entitys plan will not
reduce the number of shares available under the 2004 plan to the
extent allowed under the rules of the New York Stock
Exchange.
The administrator of the 2004 plan may make
appropriate adjustments in the number of shares available under
the 2004 plan to reflect any stock split, stock dividend,
recapitalization, reorganization, consolidation, merger,
combination or exchange of shares, distribution to stockholders
(other than normal cash dividends or dividends payable in common
stock) or other similar event.
Administration.
Prior to the closing of this offering, our board of directors
will serve as the administrator of the 2004 plan. Subsequent to
the closing of this offering, our board of directors initially
will continue to serve as administrator of the 2004 plan and may
designate a committee to serve as administrator. The
administrator has the discretion to determine the employees and
non-employee directors who will be granted awards, the sizes and
types of such awards, and the terms and conditions of such
awards, subject to the limitations set forth in the 2004 plan.
In addition, the administrator has full and final authority to
interpret the 2004 plan and may, from time to time, adopt rules
and regulations in order to carry out the terms of the 2004 plan.
Subject to certain restrictions contained in the
2004 plan, the administrator has the discretion to extend the
exercisability of an award, accelerate the vesting or
exercisability of an award, or otherwise amend the award in a
manner that is not adverse to, or is consented to, by the
recipient of the award.
74
To the extent allowed by applicable law, the
administrator may delegate to the chief executive officer, other
senior officer or a subcommittee of the administrator the
authority to grant awards out of a specified pool of cash or
shares under the 2004 plan. The administrator may also delegate
to the chief executive officer and other senior officers its
administrative duties under the 2004 plan (excluding its
granting authority).
Awards.
At the
discretion of the administrator, employees may be granted awards
under the 2004 plan in the form of stock options, stock
appreciation rights, stock awards or cash awards (any of which
may be a performance award). Furthermore, at the discretion of
the administrator, nonemployee directors may be granted awards
under the 2004 plan in the form of stock options, stock
appreciation rights or stock awards (any of which may be a
performance award). Awards under the 2004 plan may be granted
singly, in combination, or in tandem.
Stock Options.
The
2004 plan provides for the granting to employees of incentive
stock options, which are intended to comply with
Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, and non-qualified
stock options. Directors may be granted non-qualified stock
options under the 2004 Plan.
A stock option is a right to purchase a specified
number of shares of common stock at a specified grant price. All
stock options granted under the 2004 plan must have an exercise
price per share that is not less than the fair market value (as
defined in the 2004 plan) of our common stock on the date of
grant. All stock options granted under the 2004 plan must have a
term of no more than ten years. The grant price, number of
shares, terms and conditions of exercise, whether a stock option
may qualify as an incentive stock option under the Internal
Revenue Code, and other terms of a stock option grant will be
fixed by the administrator as of the grant date. However,
without stockholder approval, stock options may not be repriced,
including by means of a substitute award.
The grant price of any stock option must be paid
in full at the time the stock is delivered to the participant.
The price must be paid in cash or, if permitted by the
administrator and elected by the participant, by means of
tendering (either by actual delivery or by attestation)
previously owned shares of our common stock or shares issued
pursuant to an award under the 2004 plan or another compensation
equity plan.
Stock Appreciation
Rights.
The 2004 plan also provides
for the granting of stock appreciation rights or SARs to
employees or directors. A SAR is a right to receive a payment,
in cash or common stock, equal to the excess of the fair market
value of a specified number of shares of our common stock over a
specified grant price. A SAR may be granted to the holder of a
stock option with respect to all or a portion of the shares of
our common stock subject to such stock option (a
tandem SAR) or may be granted separately. The holder
of a tandem SAR may elect to exercise either the stock option or
the SAR, but not both. All stock appreciation rights granted
under the 2004 plan must have a grant price per share that is
not less than the fair market value (as defined in the 2004
plan) of a share of our common stock on the date of grant and a
term of no more than ten years.
Stock Awards.
The
2004 plan also provides for the granting of stock awards,
restricted stock and stock units to employees and directors that
consist of grants of common stock or units denominated in common
stock. The terms, conditions and limitations applicable to any
stock award will be decided by the administrator. At the
discretion of the administrator, the terms of a stock award may
include rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents.
Cash Awards.
The
2004 plan also provides for the granting of cash awards to
employees. The terms, conditions and limitations applicable to
any cash awards granted pursuant to the 2004 plan will be
determined by the administrator.
Performance Awards.
At the discretion of the administrator, any of the
above-described awards may be made in the form of a performance
award. A performance award is an award that is subject to the
attainment of one or more future performance goals. The terms,
conditions and limitations applicable to any performance award
will be decided by the administrator.
75
At the discretion of the administrator, certain
awards under the 2004 plan may be intended to qualify as
performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the
Internal Revenue Code. Section 162(m) generally disallows
deductions for compensation in excess of $1,000,000 for some
executive officers unless the compensation qualifies as
performance-based compensation. The 2004 plan contains
provisions consistent with the Section 162(m) requirements
for performance-based compensation.
In making qualified awards, the administrator may
base a performance goal on one or more of the following business
criteria that may be applied to the employee, one or more of our
business units or the applicable sector, or to us as a whole:
increased revenue; net income measures (including but not
limited to income after capital costs and income before or after
taxes); stock price measures (including but not limited to
growth measures and total stockholder return); price per share
of common stock; market share; net earnings; earnings per share
(actual or targeted growth); earnings before interest, taxes,
depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA); earnings
before interest and taxes (EBIT); net operating
profit after tax (NOPAT); economic value added (or
an equivalent metric); market value added; debt to equity ratio;
cash flow measures (including but not limited to cash flow per
share, cash flow return on capital, cash flow return on tangible
capital, net cash flow, net cash flow before financing
activities and improvement in or attainment of working capital
levels); return measures (including but not limited to return on
equity, return on average assets, return on capital,
risk-adjusted return on capital, return on investors
capital and return on average equity); operating measures
(including operating income, funds from operations, cash from
operations, after-tax operating income; sales volumes, operating
efficiency, production volumes and production efficiency);
expense measures (including but not limited to overhead cost,
product cost, general and administrative expense and improvement
in or attainment of expense levels); margins; stockholder value;
proceeds from dispositions; total market value; reliability;
productivity; corporate values measures (including ethics
compliance, environmental, and safety); product quality and debt
reduction. A performance goal need not be based upon an increase
or positive result under a particular business criterion and
could include, for example, maintaining the status quo or
limiting economic losses. A performance goal may also be based
on performance relative to a peer group of companies.
Award Limitations.
Under the 2004 plan, no employee may be granted during any
calendar year:
Deferred Payment.
At
the discretion of the administrator, amounts payable in respect
of awards granted under the 2004 plan may be deferred. Any
deferred payment may be forfeited if and to the extent that the
terms of the applicable award so provide.
Amendment, Modification, and
Termination.
Our board of directors
may amend, modify, suspend, or terminate the 2004 plan at any
time for the purpose of addressing changes in legal requirements
or for other purposes permitted by law. However, no amendment
will be effective prior to approval by our stockholders if such
approval is required by law or the requirements of the exchange
on which our common stock is listed.
No awards may be made following the tenth
anniversary of the effective date of the 2004 plan.
Omnibus Incentive Plan Awards in
Connection with this Offering
Effective upon and subject to the completion of
this offering, we plan to grant options with respect to an
aggregate of 476,000 shares of our common stock to our
employees and non-employee directors under the 2004 plan. The
following table sets forth the grants of stock options we plan
to make under the 2004 plan to named executive officers and all
executive officers and directors as a group. The exercise price
per share of the stock options granted at the closing of this
offering will be the public offering price per share indicated
on the cover of this prospectus. Stock options issued in
connection
76
Effective upon and subject to the completion of
this offering, we plan to grant 100 restricted stock units
to each of our regular employees with six months continuous
employment, including each of the named executive officers set
forth above and each of our executive officers. The restricted
stock units will vest when held for six months, subject to
continuous employment, and each unit will become one share
of common stock upon vesting. Holders of the restricted stock
units will receive no dividends and will have no voting rights
during the vesting period. We estimate that we will grant an
aggregate of approximately 157,000 restricted stock units,
based on our current employee information.
Employment Agreements
We have entered into an agreement with
Mr. Morse under which we have agreed to pay him
$1.8 million in satisfaction of a previous long-term
incentive award on the earlier of the date he ceases to be our
employee for any reason and January 3, 2005. In addition,
we have agreed to pay him for twelve months at his then current
salary in the event of his involuntary termination, except in
the case of cause, death, disability or retirement.
We have entered into an agreement with
Mr. Wilder under which we have agreed to pay him for twelve
months at his then current salary and a bonus in the event of
his involuntary termination, except in the case of cause, death,
disability or retirement.
77
Summary Compensation
Long-Term
Compensation
Annual Compensation
Long-Term
Incentive
All Other
Year
Salary
Bonus
Payouts
Compensation(1)
2003
$
265,352
$
67,351
$
$
11,443
2002
242,112
1,320
36,667
9,268
2001
240,938
72,199
37,038
9,124
2003
243,444
102,023
30,870
6,768
2002
235,584
1,682
52,800
6,268
2001
234,442
71,303
44,446
5,724
2003
221,128
56,128
15,175
2002
168,140
550
36,667
13,839
2001
162,951
59,647
37,038
13,898
2003
193,980
64,733
15,435
16,119
2002
190,800
1,040
32,267
14,733
2001
189,874
51,118
33,334
14,193
2003
178,536
66,342
11,689
2002
171,396
30,319
(2)
7,230
2001
170,564
90,014
(2)
2,634
(1)
Consists of company contributions to a defined
contribution plan, matching contributions deposited into our
401(k) plan and premiums paid on behalf of the executive for
term life insurance as follows:
Defined
Term Life
Contribution
401(k)
Insurance
Year
Plan
Contribution
Premiums
2003
$
10,000
$
675
$
768
2002
8,500
768
2001
8,500
624
2003
6,000
768
2002
5,500
768
2001
5,100
624
2003
8,407
6,000
768
2002
8,148
5,044
647
2001
8,500
4,889
509
2003
9,540
5,819
760
2002
8,500
5,500
733
2001
8,500
5,100
593
2003
8,570
2,432
687
2002
4,285
2,286
659
2001
2,100
534
(2)
Includes a $30,000 signing bonus.
Payouts of
Payouts of
Performance or Other
2003 Awards
Pre-2003 Awards
Period Until
in Connection with
in Connection with
Name
Number of Units
Maturation or Payout
the Offering(1)
the Offering(1)
66,989
2/7/10 years
$
6,791
$
13,474
50,102
2/7/10 years
5,079
84,847
55,284
2/7/10 years
5,659
11,264
41,388
2/7/10 years
4,196
53,722
51,029
2/7/10 years
5,173
13,603
(1)
The units will be cancelled in connection with
the offering in exchange for these amounts. The estimated
payouts of 2003 awards and pre-2003 awards shown above are based
on our consolidated book value as of June 30, 2004. Actual
payout amounts will be based on our book value as of the closing
of this offering.
Approximate Annual Benefit for Years of Service Indicated(1)
Average Final Earnings (Base Salary Plus Annual Bonus) Highest
Four Consecutive Years Out of the Last 10 Years
15 Years
20 Years
25 Years
30 Years
35 Years
$
26,876
$
35,834
$
44,793
$
53,752
$
62,710
32,876
43,834
54,793
65,752
76,710
38,876
51,834
64,793
77,752
90,710
44,876
59,834
74,793
89,752
104,710
46,076
61,434
76,793
92,152
107,510
46,076
61,434
76,793
92,152
107,510
46,076
61,434
76,793
92,152
107,510
46,076
61,434
76,793
92,152
107,510
46,076
61,434
76,793
92,152
107,510
46,076
61,434
76,793
92,152
107,510
(1)
Mr. Morse had 36 estimated credited years of
service as of January 1, 2004.
stock options and/or SARs covering more than
1,500,000 shares of common stock;
stock awards covering more than
1,500,000 shares of common stock; or
cash awards (including performance awards) in
respect of any calendar year having a maximum payment value in
excess of $5,000,000.
Securities
Underlying
% of Initial
Name
Options Granted
Option Grants
44,400
9.3%
14,500
3.0%
35,300
7.4%
23,300
4.9%
14,500
3.0%
210,112
44.1%
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
We currently lease, at market rates, our principal executive offices in Houston, Texas, under a lease with Westlake Post Oak Center Ltd., one of our affiliates. Total annual payments under the lease in 2001, 2002 and 2003 were approximately $1.7 million, $1.5 million, and $1.4 million, respectively. We expect to make payments of approximately $1.4 million under the lease in 2004. See Our Business Properties Headquarters.
We utilized Peerless Agency, Inc., an affiliated party, as an insurance agent and paid Peerless $0.5 million, $1.0 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. This arrangement was terminated in 2003.
In June 1998, one of our subsidiaries, Westlake Management Services, Inc., or WMS, entered into a management advice and technical assistance agreement with Titan Petrochemicals (M) SDN. BDH., Titan Polyethylene (Malaysia) SDN. BHD. and Titan PP Polymers (M) SDN. BHD., three Malaysian affiliates. Under the agreement, WMS agrees to provide various management, administrative and expatriate services at cost. The agreement expires on December 31, 2008. On July 19, 2004, WMS and Titan Petrochemical & Polymers Berhad entered into a memorandum of understanding regarding the agreement. Under the memorandum of understanding, the parties agree to terminate the existing agreement effective as of June 30, 2004 and to enter into a new agreement. The basic fee under the new agreement would be $0.5 million per year. Additional reimbursements of actual costs, overhead, an administrative fee and/or profit margin would be made by the Malaysian affiliate under certain circumstances. The term of the new agreement would be three years. WMS and the Malaysian affiliate are engaged in discussions to finalize the new agreement. WMS received $2.6 million, $2.2 million and $1.4 million for these services in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively, and is expected to receive $0.5 million in 2004.
In 2000, Westlake International Investments Corporation, one of our subsidiaries, issued a $2.0 million promissory note to Gulf United Investments Corporation, or GUIC, one of our affiliates. In 2002, accrued interest was added to the principal and a new $2.3 million promissory note was issued with a maturity date of August 2004. Interest on this note accrues at the prime rate and is due at maturity. As of December 31, 2002, the principal balance of the note was $0.3 million. The balance of the note was paid off on December 4, 2003.
In 2002, a predecessor of Geismar Vinyls Company LP, one of our subsidiaries, issued a $0.1 million promissory note to GUIC. The loan accrued interest at the prime rate and was repaid in full in July 2003.
From 1999 to 2002, we issued various promissory notes to GUIC evidencing borrowings totaling approximately $5.4 million. Interest on the notes accrues at the prime rate. Approximately $5.2 million of the notes matures in 2004, and the remainder matures in 2005.
From 2002 to 2003, we issued promissory notes to Westlake Industries, Inc., or WII, one of our affiliates, evidencing borrowings totaling $0.3 million. Interest on the notes accrues at the prime rate, and the notes mature in 2004.
We are engaged in discussions with Westlake Engineering Corporation, or WEC, a former affiliate of ours, on behalf of Suzhou Huasu Plastics Co. Ltd., a joint venture in which we have a 43% interest, regarding the execution of a services agreement whereby WMS would perform certain technical and administrative services, including technical training, engineering, plant operations and project management for WEC and/or Suzhou Huasu Plastics. WMS would charge WEC $49,000 per year, plus reimbursement for all direct costs, including costs associated with providing expatriates to Suzhou Huasu Plastics, plus an overhead charge and profit margin.
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In addition, our subsidiary WMS has entered into an agreement with our affiliate GUIC to perform certain administrative services, including tax, accounting, human resources, legal and risk management, for GUIC on behalf of itself and on behalf of TTWF LP, the principal stockholder, and its affiliates WII and Tanglewood Property Management Co., or TPMC, for an annual base fee of $300,000, based upon actual costs, a pre-determined percentage of overhead and profit margin. In addition to this base fee, GUIC would reimburse WMS for all direct costs and expenses incurred by WMS on behalf of GUIC and those affiliates in the course of providing services under the agreement. GUIC would also reimburse WMS for a pre-determined percentage of overhead and profit margin of WMS for certain services.
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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDER
As a result of the Transactions, we are wholly owned by TTWF LP, the principal stockholder in this offering. The principal stockholder is wholly owned, directly or indirectly, by members of the Chao family and related trusts and other entities. Immediately prior to the closing of this offering, the principal stockholder will own all of our outstanding capital stock. Upon the closing of this offering, the principal stockholder will own 51,505,277 shares of our common stock, representing 81.4% of all of the outstanding shares of our common stock. The foregoing percentage owned would be reduced to 79.2% if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full. Under Delaware corporate law and our charter documents, the principal stockholder will be able, acting alone, to elect our entire board of directors and to approve any action requiring the approval of our stockholders. None of our executive officers or directors (other than members of the Chao family indirectly through the principal stockholder) currently own any shares of our common stock. Please read Management Board Structure and Compensation of Directors and Stock Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers for information about awards granted to our directors and executive officers that are affiliated with the principal stockholder. The principal stockholders principal executive office is located at 2801 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 600, Houston, Texas 77056.
The principal stockholder has agreed that it will not, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our common stock, enter into a transaction that would have the same effect, or enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock, whether any of these transactions are to be settled by delivery of our common stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangement, without, in each case, the prior written consent of Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
Registration Rights Agreement
Because our shares of common stock held by the principal stockholder after this offering will be deemed restricted securities as defined in Rule 144, the principal stockholder may only sell a limited number of shares of our common stock into the public markets without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act). We will enter into a registration rights agreement with the principal stockholder under which, at the request of the principal stockholder, we will use our best efforts to register shares of our common stock that are held by the principal stockholder after the closing of this offering, or subsequently acquired, for public sale under the Securities Act. As long as the principal stockholder owns a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, there is no limit to the number of registrations that it may request. Once the principal stockholder owns less than a majority of the shares of our outstanding common stock, it can request a total of five additional registrations. We will also provide the principal stockholder and its permitted transferees with piggy-back rights to include its shares in future registrations of our common stock under the Securities Act. There is no limit on the number of these piggy-back registrations in which the principal stockholder may request its shares be included. These rights will terminate once the principal stockholder is able to dispose of all of its shares of our common stock within a three-month period pursuant to the exemption from registration provided under Rule 144 of the Securities Act. We have agreed to cooperate in these registrations and related offerings. We and the principal stockholder have agreed to restrictions on the ability of each party to sell securities following registrations requested by either party. In addition, the principal stockholder has agreed not to exercise its registration rights without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. A copy of the registration rights agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
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DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN INDEBTEDNESS
Senior Notes
On July 31, 2003, we issued $380 million aggregate principal amount of 8 3/4% senior notes due July 15, 2011. We issued the senior notes in transactions exempt from or not subject to registration under the Securities Act, pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act. In connection with the senior notes offering, we exchanged the existing senior notes for new registered senior notes with substantially identical terms in January 2004.
Interest. Interest on the senior notes accrues at the rate of 8 3/4% per annum and is payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15. Interest on overdue principal and interest accrues at a rate that is 1% higher than the then applicable interest rate on the senior notes. We make each interest payment to the holders of record on the immediately preceding January 1 and July 1.
Subsidiary Guarantees. Our obligations under the senior notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by all of our existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries.
Optional Redemption. We may redeem any of the senior notes at any time on or after July 15, 2007, in whole or in part, in cash at the redemption prices described in the indenture governing the senior notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. In addition, on or before July 15, 2007, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of senior notes with the net proceeds of certain underwritten equity offerings at a price of 108.75% of the principal amount of the senior notes. We may make that redemption only if, after the redemption, at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of senior notes remains outstanding. We may redeem any of the senior notes at any time before July 15, 2007 in cash at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption and a make-whole premium.
Change of Control. Upon a change of control, we may be required to make an offer to purchase each holders senior notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase.
Certain Covenants. The indenture governing the senior notes contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to:
| pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase our capital stock; | |
| make investments and other restricted payments; | |
| incur additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock; | |
| create liens; | |
| permit dividend or other payment restrictions on our restricted subsidiaries; | |
| sell all or substantially all of our assets or consolidate or merge with or into other companies; | |
| engage in transactions with affiliates; and | |
| engage in sale-leaseback transactions. |
These limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions as described in the indenture governing the senior notes.
Credit Facility
On July 31, 2003, we entered into a $200 million senior secured revolving credit facility that matures in July 2007. The credit facility was amended in September 2003, February 2004 and June 2004. Amounts drawn under the facility are limited to (1) 85% of the net amount of eligible accounts receivable, plus (2) the lesser of (a) 70% of the value of lower of cost or market of eligible inventory, or (b) 85% of the appraised net orderly liquidation value of all eligible inventory, minus (3) such reserves as Bank of
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Amounts drawn under the facility initially bear interest at either LIBOR plus 2.25% or Bank of Americas prime rate plus 0.25%. The interest rate margins are subject to grid pricing adjustments based on a fixed charge coverage ratio after June 30, 2004. We pay a fee on the unused portion of the facility of 0.5% per year. We may terminate the facility at any time, with payment of a termination fee in the first two years. The facility is secured by first priority liens on existing and future acquired accounts receivable and contract rights, inventory, chattel paper, instruments, documents, deposit accounts and related general intangibles of our domestic subsidiaries. Each of our domestic restricted subsidiaries guarantees the facility.
The facility contains a number of negative covenants restricting, among other things, prepayment or redemption of our 8 3/4% senior notes, distributions, dividends and repurchases of capital stock and other equity interests, acquisitions and investments, indebtedness, liens and affiliate transactions. We are required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio if the excess availability under the senior secured credit facility falls below $50 million for any three consecutive business days, or is less than $35 million at any time. The facility contains customary events of default.
Term Loan
On July 31, 2003, we entered into a $120 million senior secured term loan that matures in July 2010. The term loan provides for increases in the amount of the loan by up to $50 million, but these increases are not pre-committed by the lenders. Principal payments of 0.25% of the term loan are due quarterly during the first six years, with the balance due in three quarterly installments of 23.5% of the term loan in the seventh year of the loan, with the balance due on the maturity date. Amounts outstanding under the loan bear interest at either the Eurodollar Rate plus 3.75% or Bank of Americas prime rate plus 2.75%. We may prepay the term loan at any time after the first year without penalty. During the first year, we may prepay up to 35% of the term loan with the proceeds of equity offerings at 101%. We must prepay the term loan with the proceeds from assets sales or casualty events if the assets sold or subject to a casualty event are term loan collateral. In addition, we must prepay the term loan with the proceeds from asset sales or casualty events if the proceeds are not reinvested within 300 days. We must also prepay the term loan with 50% of excess cash flow under an annual cash sweep arrangement if excess cash flow for the fiscal year is at least $2 million.
The term loan is secured by first priority liens on our Lake Charles and our Calvert City facilities and related collateral accounts, commercial tort claims, documents, equipment fixtures, instruments, letter-of-credit rights, software, supporting obligations and general intangibles. Our obligations under this loan are guaranteed by each of our domestic restricted subsidiaries. The term loan contains a number of negative covenants that are similar to those contained in the 8 3/4% senior notes indenture. The term loan contains customary events of default.
Loan Related to Tax-Exempt Bonds and Letter of Credit
In December 1997, one of our subsidiaries entered into a $10.9 million loan agreement with Calcasieu Parish Public Trust Authority that matures in 2027. The loan was made with proceeds from the sale of tax-exempt revenue bonds by the trust authority. Our subsidiary is obligated to make payments to the bond trustee equal to the principal and interest payments due to the bondholders, for any premium resulting from redemption of the bonds and for other fees and expenses. Our subsidiarys payment obligations under the loan agreement are backed by an $11.3 million letter of credit in favor of the trustee for the benefit of the bondholders. As of June 30, 2004, the total principal outstanding under the loan was $10.9 million. The current letter of credit is issued under our credit facility and expires in March 2005.
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Bank Loan
On December 8, 2001, we entered into a $27 million line of credit facility with a bank. The facility has been renewed annually and will mature on December 31, 2004. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus 0.6%, and borrowings under the facility can be repaid at the end of each interest period without penalty. Interest is payable on the last day of each applicable interest period or quarterly if the interest period is longer than three months.
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
General
The following descriptions are summaries of material terms of our common stock, preferred stock, restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws. Copies of our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you are urged to review these documents.
As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized capital stock consists of (1) 150 million shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and (2) 50 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. Of the 150 million authorized shares of common stock, 11,764,706 shares are being offered in this offering. Immediately following this offering, 63,269,983 shares of our common stock will be outstanding (65,034,689 shares if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full) and there will be no outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Immediately prior to this offering, there was no public market for our common stock. Although our common stock has been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance, a market for our common stock may not develop, and if one develops, it may not be sustained.
Common Stock
Each share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters on which holders are permitted to vote, including the election of directors. There are no cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the total votes entitled to vote in an election of directors will be able to elect all of the directors standing for election. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, the holders of the common stock will share equally on a per share basis any dividends when, as and if declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. If we are liquidated, dissolved or wound up, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to a ratable share of any distribution to stockholders, after satisfaction of all of our liabilities and of the prior rights of any outstanding class of our preferred stock. Our common stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. All outstanding shares of our common stock are fully paid and nonassessable.
Preferred Stock
Our board of directors has the authority, without stockholder approval, to issue shares of preferred stock from time to time in one or more series, and to fix the number of shares and terms of each such series. The board may determine the designation and other terms of each series, including the following:
| dividend rates, | |
| whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative, | |
| redemption rights, | |
| liquidation rights, | |
| sinking fund provisions, | |
| conversion or exchange rights, and | |
| voting rights. |
The issuance of preferred stock, while providing us with flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other transactions, could adversely affect the voting power of holders of our common stock. It could also affect the likelihood that holders of our common stock will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. We have no present plans to issue any preferred stock.
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The issuance of shares of preferred stock, or the issuance of rights to purchase shares of preferred stock, could be used to discourage an attempt to obtain control of our company. For example, if, in the exercise of its fiduciary obligations, our board of directors were to determine that a takeover proposal was not in the best interest of our stockholders, the board could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock containing class voting rights that would enable the holder or holders of this series to prevent a change of control transaction or make it more difficult. Alternatively, a change of control transaction deemed by the board to be in the best interest of our stockholders could be facilitated by issuing a series of preferred stock having sufficient voting rights to provide a required percentage vote of the stockholders.
Charter and Bylaw Provisions
Election and Removal of Directors |
Our board of directors will consist of between one and 11 directors, excluding any directors elected by holders of preferred stock pursuant to provisions applicable in the case of defaults. The exact number of directors will be fixed from time to time by resolution of the board. Our directors will be divided into three classes serving staggered three-year terms, with only one class being elected each year by our stockholders. At each annual meeting of stockholders, directors will be elected to succeed the class of directors whose terms have expired. Please read Management Board Structure and Compensation of Directors above. This system of electing and removing directors may discourage a third party from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, because it generally makes it more difficult for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors. In addition, no director may be removed except for cause, and directors may be removed for cause by an affirmative vote of shares representing a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors. Any vacancy occurring on the board of directors and any newly created directorship may only be filled by a majority of the remaining directors in office.
Stockholder Meetings |
Our restated certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by the chairman of our board of directors or a majority of the directors. Our restated certificate of incorporation and our bylaws specifically deny any power of any other person to call a special meeting.
Stockholder Action by Written Consent |
Our restated certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide that holders of our common stock will not be able to act by written consent without a meeting, unless such consent is unanimous.
Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation |
The provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation described above under Election and Removal of Directors, Stockholder Meetings and Stockholder Action by Written Consent may be amended only by the affirmative vote of holders of at least 75% of the voting power of our outstanding shares of voting stock, voting together as a single class. The affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the voting power of our outstanding shares of stock is generally required to amend other provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation.
Amendment of Bylaws |
Our bylaws may generally be altered, amended or repealed, and new bylaws may be adopted, with:
| the affirmative vote of a majority of directors present at any regular or special meeting of the board of directors called for that purpose, provided that any alteration, amendment or repeal of, or adoption of any bylaw inconsistent with specified provisions of the bylaws, including those related to special and annual meetings of stockholders, action of stockholders by written consent, classification of the board of directors, nomination of directors, special meetings of directors, removal of directors, |
85
committees of the board of directors and indemnification of directors and officers, requires the affirmative vote of at least 75% of all directors in office at a meeting called for that purpose, or | ||
| the affirmative vote of holders of 75% of the voting power of our outstanding shares of voting stock, voting together as a single class. |
Other Limitations on Stockholder Actions |
Our bylaws also impose some procedural requirements on stockholders who wish to:
| make nominations in the election of directors, | |
| propose that a director be removed, | |
| propose any repeal or change in our bylaws, or | |
| propose any other business to be brought before an annual or special meeting of stockholders. |
Under these procedural requirements, in order to bring a proposal before a meeting of stockholders, a stockholder must deliver timely notice of a proposal pertaining to a proper subject for presentation at the meeting to our corporate secretary along with the following:
| a description of the business or nomination to be brought before the meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting, | |
| the stockholders name and address, | |
| the number of shares beneficially owned by the stockholder and evidence of such ownership, and | |
| the names and addresses of all persons with whom the stockholder is acting in concert and a description of all arrangements and understandings with those persons, and the number of shares such persons beneficially own. |
To be timely, a stockholder must generally deliver notice:
| in connection with an annual meeting of stockholders, not less than 120 nor more than 180 days prior to the date on which the annual meeting of stockholders was held in the immediately preceding year, but in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after the anniversary date of the preceding annual meeting of stockholders, a stockholder notice will be timely if received by us not later than the close of business on the later of (1) the 120th day prior to the annual meeting and (2) the 10th day following the day on which we first publicly announce the date of the annual meeting, or | |
| in connection with the election of a director at a special meeting of stockholders, not less than 40 nor more than 60 days prior to the date of the special meeting, but in the event that less than 55 days notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the special meeting of the stockholders is given or made to the stockholders, a stockholder notice will be timely if received by us not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which a notice of the date of the special meeting was mailed to the stockholders or the public disclosure of that date was made. |
In order to submit a nomination for our board of directors, a stockholder must also submit any information with respect to the nominee that we would be required to include in a proxy statement, as well as some other information. If a stockholder fails to follow the required procedures, the stockholders proposal or nominee will be ineligible and will not be voted on by our stockholders.
Limitation on Liability of Directors |
Our restated certificate of incorporation provides that no director will be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duties as a director, except as required by
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| any breach of the directors duty of loyalty to our company or our stockholders, | |
| any act or omission not in good faith or which involved intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, | |
| unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, and | |
| any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. |
Our bylaws provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, we will indemnify any officer or director of our company against all damages, claims and liabilities arising out of the fact that the person is or was our director or officer, or served any other enterprise at our request as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary. We will reimburse the expenses, including attorneys fees, incurred by a person indemnified by this provision when we receive an undertaking to repay such amounts if it is ultimately determined that the person is not entitled to be indemnified by us. Amending this provision will not reduce our indemnification obligations relating to actions taken before an amendment.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Some Provisions |
Some provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make the following more difficult:
| acquisition of control of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise, or | |
| removal of our incumbent officers and directors. |
These provisions, as well as our ability to issue preferred stock, are designed to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection give us the potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us, and that the benefits of this increased protection outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging those proposals, because negotiation of those proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.
Transactions and Corporate Opportunities
Our restated certificate of incorporation includes provisions that regulate and define the conduct of specified aspects of the business and affairs of our company. These provisions serve to determine and delineate the respective rights and duties of our company, the principal stockholder and its direct and indirect equity owners and directors, officers, employees, partners or equity owners of such entities (the Principal Stockholder Affiliates), and some of our directors and officers in anticipation of the following:
| the Principal Stockholder Affiliates serving as our directors and/or officers, | |
| the Principal Stockholder Affiliates engaging in lines of business that are the same as, or similar to, our lines of business, | |
| the Principal Stockholder Affiliates having an interest in the same areas of corporate opportunity as we have, and | |
| we and the Principal Stockholder Affiliates engaging in material business transactions. | |
We may enter into agreements with the Principal Stockholder Affiliates to engage in any transaction. We may also enter into agreements with the Principal Stockholder Affiliates to compete or not to compete with each other, including agreements to allocate, or to cause our directors, officers and employees and the Principal Stockholder Affiliates to allocate, opportunities between the Principal Stockholder Affiliates
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Under our restated certificate of incorporation, the Principal Stockholder Affiliates have no duty to refrain from engaging in activities or lines of business similar to ours or from doing business with any of our clients, customers or vendors and, except as discussed in the above paragraph, the Principal Stockholder Affiliates will not be liable to us or our stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty as a stockholder by reason of any of these activities. In addition, if the Principal Stockholder Affiliates or one of our directors or officers who is also a Principal Stockholder Affiliate acquires knowledge of a potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for both our company and the Principal Stockholder Affiliates, then neither the Principal Stockholder Affiliates nor any such person will have a duty to communicate or offer this corporate opportunity to us and will not be liable to us or our stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty by reason of the fact that the Principal Stockholder Affiliates pursue or acquire the corporate opportunity for themselves, direct the corporate opportunity to another person or do not communicate information regarding the corporate opportunity to us, so long as the Principal Stockholder Affiliates act in a manner consistent with the following policy: A corporate opportunity offered to the Principal Stockholder Affiliates or to any person who is one of our officers or directors and who is also a Principal Stockholder Affiliate will belong to the Principal Stockholder Affiliates, unless the opportunity was expressly offered in writing to the Principal Stockholder Affiliates solely in their capacity as direct and indirect stockholders of our company or to that person solely in his or her capacity as one of our directors or officers.
By becoming one of our stockholders, you will be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation. Our restated certificate of incorporation provides that in no event shall any amendment of these provisions subject any Principal Stockholder Affiliate to liability for any act or omission occurring prior to such amendment for which such person would be deemed not to be liable under these provisions prior to such amendment.
Delaware Business Combination Statute
We have expressly elected not to be subject to Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, which is described below. However, our stockholders can amend our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws to elect to be subject to Section 203. Section 203 provides that, subject to specified exceptions, an interested stockholder of a Delaware corporation is not permitted to engage in any business combination, including mergers or consolidations or acquisitions of additional shares of the corporation, with the corporation for a three-year period following the time that stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless one of the following conditions is met:
| prior to the time the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholders becoming an interested stockholder, | |
| upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholders becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, other than statutorily excluded shares, or | |
| on or subsequent to the time the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder. |
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Except as otherwise set forth in Section 203, interested stockholder means:
| any person that is the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and was the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at any time within three years immediately prior to the date of determination, and | |
| the affiliates and associates of any such person. |
If we ever become subject to Section 203, it may be more difficult for a person who is an interested stockholder to effect various business combinations with us for the applicable three-year period. Section 203, if it becomes applicable, also may have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that Section 203, if it becomes applicable, could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions which our stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests. The provisions of Section 203, if it becomes applicable, may cause persons interested in acquiring us to negotiate in advance with our board of directors. The restrictions on business combinations set forth in Section 203 are not applicable to the principal stockholder so long as the principal stockholder holds 15% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock. Because we are not currently subject to Section 203, the principal stockholder, as a controlling stockholder, may find it easier to sell its controlling interest to a third party because Section 203 would not apply to the third party.
Listing of Common Stock
Our common stock has been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance, under the symbol WLK.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The market price of our common stock could drop because of sales of a large number of shares in the open market following this offering or the perception that those sales may occur. These factors also could make it more difficult for us to raise capital through future offerings of common stock.
After this offering, we will have 63,269,983 shares of our common stock outstanding (65,034,689 shares if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full). All of the shares of our common stock sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act, except for any shares that may be acquired by an affiliate of ours, as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Affiliates are individuals or entities that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with, us and may include our directors and officers as well as our significant stockholders, if any. The principal stockholder has entered into a lock-up agreement as described under Underwriting.
The 51,505,277 shares of our common stock held by the principal stockholder following this offering are deemed restricted securities as defined in Rule 144, and may not be sold other than through registration under the Securities Act or under an exemption from registration, such as the one provided by Rule 144.
In general, a stockholder subject to Rule 144 who has owned common stock of an issuer for at least one year may, within any three-month period, sell up to the greater of:
| 1% of the total number of shares of common stock then outstanding; and | |
| the average weekly trading volume of the common stock during the four weeks preceding the stockholders required notice of sale is filed with the SEC. |
Rule 144 requires stockholders to aggregate their sales with other affiliated stockholders for purposes of complying with this volume limitation. A stockholder who has owned common stock for at least two years, and who has not been an affiliate of the issuer for at least 90 days, may sell common stock free from the volume limitation and notice requirements of Rule 144.
Immediately after this offering, we intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8 covering all shares issuable under our omnibus incentive plan. Shares of our common stock registered under this registration statement will be available for sale in the open market, subject to vesting restrictions. Any sales of these shares by an affiliate will be subject to the volume limitations of Rule 144 described above.
We have granted the principal stockholder registration rights with respect to our shares it will hold after this offering. Please read Principal Stockholder.
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MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following is a general discussion of the material United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common stock to a non-United States holder, but is not a complete analysis of all the potential tax consequences relating thereto. For the purposes of this discussion, a non-United States holder is any beneficial owner of our common stock that for United States federal income tax purposes is not a United States person. For purposes of this discussion, the term United States person means:
| an individual citizen or resident of the United States; | |
| a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation) created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof; | |
| an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source; or | |
| a trust (x) if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) which has made a valid election to be treated as a United States person. |
If a partnership holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. Accordingly, partnerships which hold our common stock and partners in such partnerships should consult their own tax advisors.
This discussion does not address all aspects of United States federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of a non-United States holders special tax status or special circumstances. United States expatriates, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, dealers in securities, banks or other financial institutions, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies, foreign personal holding companies, corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal income tax and investors that hold our common stock as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction are among those categories of potential investors that are subject to special rules not covered in this discussion. This discussion does not address any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-United States taxing jurisdiction. Furthermore, the following discussion is based on current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and Treasury Regulations and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. Accordingly, each non-United States holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the United States federal, state, local and non-United States income and other tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of shares of our common stock.
Dividends |
Payments on our common stock will constitute dividends for United States federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. Amounts not treated as dividends for United States federal income tax purposes will constitute a return of capital and will first be applied against and reduce a holders adjusted basis in the common stock, but not below zero, and then the excess, if any, will be treated as gain from the sale of the common stock.
Amounts treated as dividends paid to a non-United States holder of common stock generally will be subject to United States withholding tax either at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty. In order to receive a reduced treaty rate, a non-United States holder must provide a valid Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form W-8BEN or other successor form certifying qualification for the reduced rate.
Dividends received by a non-United States holder that are effectively connected with a United States trade or business conducted by the non-United States holder are exempt from such withholding tax. In
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In addition to the graduated tax described above, dividends received by a corporate non-United States holder that are effectively connected with a United States trade or business of such holder may also be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty.
A non-United States holder may obtain a refund of any excess amounts currently withheld if an appropriate claim for refund is filed timely with the IRS. If a non-United States holder holds our common stock through a foreign partnership or a foreign intermediary, the foreign partnership or foreign intermediary will also be required to comply with additional certification requirements.
Gain on Disposition of Common Stock |
A non-United States holder generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale or other disposition of our common stock unless:
| the gain is effectively connected with a United States trade or business of the non-United States holder or, if a tax treaty applies, is attributable to a United States permanent establishment maintained by such non-United States holder; | |
| the non-United States holder is an individual who holds his or her common stock as a capital asset (generally, an asset held for investment purposes) and who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year in which the sale or disposition occurs and other conditions are met; or | |
| our common stock constitutes a United States real property interest by reason of our status as a United States real property holding corporation (a USRPHC) for United States federal income tax purposes at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding the disposition or the holders holding period for our common stock. |
We believe that we are not currently and will not become a USRPHC. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our United States real property interests relative to the fair market value of our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we are not currently and will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we are currently or become a USRPHC, as long as our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, such common stock will not be treated as United States real property interests as to a non-United States holder who has never actually or constructively held more than 5 percent of such regularly traded common stock.
Unless an applicable treaty provides otherwise, gain described in the first bullet point above will be subject to the United States federal income tax imposed on net income on the same basis that applies to United States persons generally and, for corporate holders under certain circumstances, the branch profits tax, but will generally not be subject to withholding. Gain described in the second bullet point above (which may be offset by United States source capital losses) will be subject to a flat 30% United States federal income tax. Non-United States holders should consult any applicable income tax treaties that may provide for different rules.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting |
Generally, we must report annually to the IRS the amount of dividends paid, the name and address of the recipient, and the amount, if any, of tax withheld, together with other information. A similar report is sent to the holder. These information reporting requirements apply even if withholding was not required because the dividends were effectively connected dividends or withholding was reduced or eliminated by an
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Backup withholding (currently at a rate of 28%) will generally not apply to payments of dividends made by us or our paying agents, in their capacities as such, to a non-United States holder of our common stock if the holder has provided a certification that it is not a United States person or has otherwise established an exemption.
Payments of the proceeds from a disposition effected outside the United States by a non-United States holder of our common stock made by or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, information reporting (but not backup withholding) will apply to such a payment if the broker is a United States person, a controlled foreign corporation for United States federal income tax purposes, a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income is effectively connected with a United States trade or business for a specified three-year period, or a foreign partnership if (1) at any time during its tax year, one or more of its partners are United States persons who, in the aggregate hold more than 50 percent of the income or capital interest in such partnership or (2) at any time during its tax year, it is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, unless the broker has documentary evidence that the beneficial owner is a non-United States holder and specified conditions are met or an exemption is otherwise established.
Payment of the proceeds from a disposition by a non-United States holder of common stock made by or through the United States office of a broker is generally subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless the non-United States holder certifies as to its non-United States holder status under penalties of perjury or otherwise establishes an exemption from information reporting and backup withholding.
Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a non-United States holders United States federal income tax liability provided the required information is furnished timely to the IRS.
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UNDERWRITING
Under the terms and subject to the conditions
contained in an underwriting agreement
dated ,
2004, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters named below,
for whom Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, J.P. Morgan
Securities Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. are acting as
representatives, the following respective number of shares of
our common stock:
Number
Underwriter
of Shares
11,764,706
The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters are obligated to purchase all of the shares of our common stock in the offering if any are purchased, other than those shares covered by the over-allotment option described below. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments of the non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or this offering may be terminated.
We have granted to the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase on a pro rata basis 1,764,706 additional shares at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The option may be exercised only to cover any over-allotments of common stock.
The underwriters propose to offer the shares of common stock initially at the public offering price on the cover page of this prospectus and to selling group members at that price less a selling concession of $ per share on sales to other broker/ dealers. The underwriters and selling group members may allow a discount of $ per share on sales to other broker/ dealers. After the initial public offering, the representatives may change the public offering price and concession and discount to broker/ dealers.
The following table summarizes the compensation and estimated expenses we will pay:
Per Share | Total | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Without | With | Without | With | |||||||||||||
Over-allotment | Over-allotment | Over-allotment | Over-allotment | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions paid by us
|
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Expenses payable by us
|
$ | $ | $ | $ |
The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters will reimburse us for certain out-of-pocket expenses included in the table above in connection with this offering, including expenses associated with accounting, printing and legal services, in an amount not to exceed $1.5 million.
In addition to the expenses set forth above, we entered into a consulting agreement with Avi Nash LLC, pursuant to which Avi Nash LLC agreed to provide certain consulting services in connection with advising us on matters relating to this initial public offering. As compensation for such services, it is estimated that we will pay Avi Nash LLC between approximately $200,000 and $300,000.
The underwriters have informed us that the underwriters do not expect sales to accounts over which the underwriters have discretionary authority to exceed 5% of the shares of common stock being offered.
We have agreed that we will not, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible
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The principal stockholder has agreed that it will not, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our common stock, enter into a transaction that would have the same effect, or enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock, whether any of these transactions are to be settled by delivery of our common stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangement, without, in each case, the prior written consent of Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
The underwriters have reserved for sale at the initial public offering price up to 590,000 shares of our common stock for employees, directors and other persons associated with us who have expressed an interest in purchasing common stock in the offering. The number of shares available for sale to the general public in the offering will be reduced to the extent these persons purchase the reserved shares. Any reserved shares not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same terms as the other shares.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in that respect.
Our common stock has been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance.
In connection with the listing of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange, the underwriters will undertake to sell round lots of 100 shares or more to a minimum of 2,000 beneficial owners and to sell these shares in a manner such that we will have more than 1,100,000 publicly held shares outstanding in the United States with an aggregate market value of at least $60 million and a global market capitalization of at least $750 million.
Some of the underwriters and their affiliates have engaged in transactions with, and performed commercial and investment banking, financial advisory or lending services for, us and our affiliates from time to time, for which they have received customary compensation and may do so in the future. Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Banc of America Securities LLC were initial purchasers of our senior notes and received customary commissions in connection therewith. Affiliates of Banc of America Securities LLC, Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and UBS Securities LLC are arrangers and agents under our credit facility and receive fees customary for performing these services and interest on such. See Description of Certain Indebtedness. In addition, a portion of the net proceeds from this offering may be used to repay a portion of our term loan, in which case lenders under our term loan, including affiliates of some of the underwriters, will receive their proportionate share of the net proceeds used to repay such debt.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price for our common stock will be determined by negotiation between us and the underwriters. The principal factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price include the following:
| the information included in this prospectus and otherwise available to the underwriters; | |
| market conditions for initial public offerings; | |
| the history of and prospects for our business and our past and present operations; | |
| the history and prospects for the industry in which we compete; | |
| our past and present earnings and current financial position; |
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| an assessment of our management; | |
| the market of securities of companies in businesses similar to ours; and | |
| the general condition of the securities markets. |
The initial public offering price may not correspond to the price at which our common stock will trade in the public market subsequent to this offering, and an active trading market may not develop and continue after this offering.
In connection with the offering the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act).
| Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. | |
| Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriters of shares in excess of the number of shares the underwriters are obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of shares over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the number of shares that they may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of shares involved is greater than the number of shares in the over-allotment option. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their over-allotment option and/or purchasing shares in the open market. | |
| Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the common stock in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of shares to close out the short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through the over-allotment option. If the underwriters sell more shares than could be covered by the over- allotment option, a naked short position, the position can only be closed out by buying shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. | |
| Penalty bids permit the representatives to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the common stock originally sold by the syndicate member is purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. |
These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be effected on the New York Stock Exchange or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the Web sites maintained by one or more of the underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering and one or more of the underwriters participating in this offering may distribute prospectuses electronically. The representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters and selling group members for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the underwriters and selling group members that will make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.
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NOTICE TO CANADIAN RESIDENTS
Resale Restrictions
The distribution of our common stock in Canada is being made only on a private placement basis exempt from the requirement that we prepare and file a prospectus with the securities regulatory authorities in each province where trades of common stock are made. Any resale of the common stock in Canada must be made under applicable securities laws which will vary depending on the relevant jurisdiction, and which may require resales to be made under available statutory exemptions or under a discretionary exemption granted by the applicable Canadian securities regulatory authority. Purchasers are advised to seek legal advice prior to any resale of the common stock.
Representations of Purchasers
By purchasing common stock in Canada and accepting a purchase confirmation a purchaser is representing to us and the dealer from whom the purchase confirmation is received that:
| the purchaser is entitled under applicable provincial securities laws to purchase the common stock without the benefit of a prospectus qualified under those securities laws, | |
| where required by law, that the purchaser is purchasing as principal and not as agent, and | |
| the purchaser has reviewed the text above under Resale Restrictions. |
Rights of Action Ontario Purchasers Only
Under Ontario securities legislation, a purchaser who purchases a security offered by this prospectus during the period of distribution will have a statutory right of action for damages, or while still the owner of the common stock, for rescission against us in the event that this prospectus contains a misrepresentation. A purchaser will be deemed to have relied on the misrepresentation. The right of action for damages is exercisable not later than the earlier of 180 days from the date the purchaser first had knowledge of the facts giving rise to the cause of action and three years from the date on which payment is made for the common stock. The right of action for rescission is exercisable not later than 180 days from the date on which payment is made for the common stock. If a purchaser elects to exercise the right of action for rescission, the purchaser will have no right of action for damages against us. In no case will the amount recoverable in any action exceed the price at which the common stock was offered to the purchaser and if the purchaser is shown to have purchased the securities with knowledge of the misrepresentation, we will have no liability. In the case of an action for damages, we will not be liable for all or any portion of the damages that are proven to not represent the depreciation in value of the common stock as a result of the misrepresentation relied upon. These rights are in addition to, and without derogation from, any other rights or remedies available at law to an Ontario purchaser. The foregoing is a summary of the rights available to an Ontario purchaser. Ontario purchasers should refer to the complete text of the relevant statutory provisions.
Enforcement of Legal Rights
All of our directors and officers as well as the experts named herein may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible for Canadian purchasers to effect service of process within Canada upon us or those persons. All or a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of those persons may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible to satisfy a judgment against us or those persons in Canada or to enforce a judgment obtained in Canadian courts against us or those persons outside of Canada.
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Taxation and Eligibility for Investment
Canadian purchasers of common stock should consult their own legal and tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of an investment in the common stock in their particular circumstances and about the eligibility of the common stock for investment by the purchaser under relevant Canadian legislation.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the offering will be passed on for us by Baker Botts L.L.P., Houston, Texas and for the underwriters by Latham & Watkins LLP, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2002 and 2003 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. In this prospectus we refer to that registration statement, together with all amendments, exhibits and schedules to that registration statement, as the registration statement.
As is permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, this prospectus, which is part of the registration statement, omits some information, exhibits, schedules and undertakings set forth in the registration statement. For further information with respect to us, and the securities offered by this prospectus, please refer to the registration statement.
Following this offering, we will be subject to the information and periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The indenture governing our 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 requires Westlake Chemical Corporation to file current reports, quarterly reports, annual reports and other information with the SEC. Prior to the effective date of the Transactions, these filings do not reflect the Transactions. You may read and copy those reports and other information at the public reference facility maintained by the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of this material may also be obtained from the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20549 at prescribed rates. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1 (800) 732-0330. The SEC maintains a Web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system.
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page | ||||
|
||||
Unaudited Consolidated Financial
Statements
|
||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of
December 31, 2003 and June 30, 2004
|
F-2 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Six
Months Ended June 30, 2003 and 2004
|
F-3 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six
Months Ended June 30, 2003 and 2004
|
F-4 | |||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
F-5 | |||
Audited Consolidated Financial
Statements
|
||||
Report of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm
|
F-18 | |||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of
December 31, 2002 and 2003
|
F-19 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the
Years Ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
|
F-20 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Changes in
Stockholders Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for
the Years Ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
|
F-21 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the
Years Ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
|
F-22 | |||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
F-23 |
F-1
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these consolidated financial statements.
F-2
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
OPERATIONS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH
FLOWS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
During 2004, Westlake Chemical Corporation (WCC)
consummated a reorganization designed to simplify its ownership
structure. Westlake Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc.
(WPPI) and Gulf Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc. (GPPI),
WCCs former direct and indirect parent companies,
respectively, both have been merged into WCC, which survived the
mergers, effective August 6, 2004 and August 4, 2004,
respectively (collectively, the Transactions).
In the mergers, all of the common and preferred
stock of WCC, GPPI and WPPI outstanding prior to the mergers, as
well as the preferred stock of a subsidiary of GPPI outstanding
prior to the mergers, has been exchanged for common stock of
WCC. Additionally, effective August 7, 2004, WCC has
executed a stock split of its common stock in conjunction with
the mergers. The preferred shares of WPPI were classified as
minority interest. TTWF LP, a Delaware limited partnership, has
become the sole stockholder of the restructured WCC, and members
of the Chao family and related trusts and other entities, which
were the stockholders of WCC, WPPI and GPPI prior to the
mergers, now own all of the partnership interests in TTWF LP.
The accompanying consolidated financial
statements reflect the mergers and the stock split described
above (but not the exchange of preferred stock for common stock)
as if they had occurred prior to January 1, 2001. The
Company refers to the entity resulting from the
Transactions.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim
financial statements were prepared with generally accepted
accounting principles and in accordance with the rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain
information and footnotes required for complete financial
statements under generally accepted accounting principles in the
United States have not been included pursuant to such rules and
regulations. These interim consolidated financial statements
should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2003
financial statements and notes thereto of the Company presented
elsewhere in this prospectus. These financial statements have
been prepared in conformity with the accounting principles and
practices as disclosed in the financial notes thereto of the
Company for the year ended December 31, 2003.
In the opinion of the Companys management,
the accompanying unaudited interim financial statements reflect
all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring
adjustments) that are necessary for a fair presentation of the
Companys financial position as of June 30, 2004, the
results of operations for the six months ended June 30,
2003 and 2004 and the changes in its cash position for the six
months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004.
Results of operations and changes in cash
position for the interim periods presented are not necessarily
indicative of the results that will be realized for the year
ending December 31, 2004 or any other interim period. The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and
expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
F-5
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Accounts receivable consist of the following:
Inventories consist of the following:
Depreciation expense on property, plant and
equipment of $37,184 and $35,077 is included in cost of sales in
the consolidated statement of operations for the six months
ended June 30, 2003 and 2004, respectively.
The Company recognized a $932 impairment charge
during the six months ended June 30, 2003 in the Olefins
segment related to idled styrene assets. During the six months
ended June 30, 2004 the company recognized a $1,314
impairment charge in the Vinyls segment related to a PVC plant
that is not in service and written down to its estimated sales
value less commissions, as determined by third party valuation.
Amortization expense on other assets of $7,028
and $7,767 is included in the consolidated statement of
operations for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004,
respectively.
The Company had a net loss of $3,085 in
connection with commodity derivatives and inventory repurchase
obligations for the six months ended June 30, 2004 compared
to a net gain of $1,047 for the six months ended June 30,
2003. Risk management asset balances of $509 and $3,040 were
included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and risk
management liability balances of $3,560 and $0 were
F-6
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
included in accrued liabilities in the
Companys balance sheets as of June 30, 2004 and
December 31, 2003, respectively.
Components of Net Periodic Costs are as follows:
The Company has contributed $450 and $330 to the
salaried and wage pension plans, respectively, for the six
months ended June 30, 2004. The Company is scheduled to
contribute an additional $475 to the salaried pension plan and
$415 to the wage pension plan during the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2004.
The Company has various purchase commitments for
materials, supplies and services incident to the ordinary
conduct of business. Such commitments are at prices not in
excess of market prices. Certain feedstock purchase commitments
require taking delivery of minimum volumes at market-determined
prices.
The Company is subject to environmental laws and
regulations that can impose civil and criminal sanctions and
that may require it to remove or mitigate the effects of the
disposal or release of chemical substances at various sites.
Under some of these laws and regulations, a current or previous
owner or operator of property may be held liable for the costs
of removal or remediation of hazardous substances on, under, or
in its property, without regard to whether the owner or operator
knew of, or caused the presence of the contaminants, and
regardless of whether the practices that resulted in the
contamination were legal at the time they occurred. Because
several of the Companys production sites have a history of
industrial use, it is impossible to predict precisely what
effect these laws and regulations will have on the Company in
the future. As is typical for chemical businesses, soil and
groundwater contamination has occurred in the past at some of
the Companys sites and might occur or be discovered at
other sites in the future. The Company has typically conducted
extensive soil and groundwater assessments either prior to
acquisitions or in connection with subsequent permitting
requirements. The Companys investigations have not
revealed any contamination caused by the Companys
operations that would likely require the Company to incur
material long-term remediation efforts and associated liabilities
Calvert City.
In
connection with the 1990 and 1997 acquisitions of the Goodrich
Corporation chemical manufacturing complex in Calvert City,
Goodrich agreed to indemnify the Company for any
F-7
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
liabilities related to pre-existing contamination
at the site. In addition, the Company agreed to indemnify
Goodrich for contamination attributable to the ownership, use or
operation of the plant after the closing date. The soil and
groundwater at the manufacturing complex, which does not include
the PVC facility in Calvert City, had been extensively
contaminated by Goodrichs operations. In 1993, the Geon
Corporation was spun off from Goodrich, and Geon assumed the
responsibility to operate the site-wide remediation system and
the indemnification obligations for any liabilities arising from
pre-existing contamination at the site. Subsequently,
Geons name was changed to PolyOne. Part of the former
Goodrich facility, which the Company did not acquire and on
which it does not operate and that it believes is still owned by
either Goodrich or PolyOne, is listed on the National Priorities
List under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA. The investigation and
remediation of contamination at the Companys manufacturing
complex is currently being coordinated by PolyOne.
Given the scope and extent of the underlying
contamination at the Companys manufacturing complex, the
remediation will likely take a number of years. The costs
incurred to treat contaminated groundwater collected from
beneath the site were $2,560 in 2003, and the Company
expects this level of expenditures to continue for the life of
the remediation. For the past three years, PolyOne has suggested
that the Companys actions after its acquisition of the
complex have contributed to or otherwise exacerbated the
contamination at the site. The Company has denied those
allegations and has retained technical experts to evaluate its
position. Goodrich has also asserted claims similar to those of
PolyOne. In addition, Goodrich has asserted that the Company is
responsible for a portion of the ongoing costs of treating
contaminated groundwater being pumped from beneath the site and,
since May 2003, has withheld payment of 45% of the costs that
the Company incurs to operate Goodrichs pollution control
equipment located on the property. The Company met with Goodrich
representatives in July and August of 2003 to discuss
Goodrichs assertions.
In October 2003, the Company filed suit against
Goodrich in the United States District Court for the Western
District of Kentucky for unpaid invoices related to the
groundwater treatment, which totaled approximately $1,213 as of
June 30, 2004. Goodrich has filed an answer and
counterclaim in which it alleges that the Company is responsible
for contamination at the facility. The Company has denied those
allegations and has filed a motion to dismiss Goodrichs
counterclaim. The court has recently ruled on the Companys
motion to dismiss and has dismissed part of Goodrichs
counterclaim while retaining the remainder. Goodrich also filed
a third-party complaint against PolyOne, which in turn has filed
motions to dismiss, counterclaims against Goodrich and
third-party claims against the Company. On April 28, 2004,
the parties agreed on discovery procedures. Further, on
June 8, 2004, the Company filed a motion for summary
judgment on its claim against Goodrich. PolyOne has filed a
claim against both Goodrich and the Company alleging conspiracy
to defraud PolyOne. On June 16, 2004, the Company filed a
motion to dismiss PolyOnes claim. Discovery in the case
commenced on July 15, 2004.
In addition, the Company has intervened in
administrative proceedings in Kentucky in which both Goodrich
and PolyOne are seeking to shift Goodrichs cleanup
responsibilities under its Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, or RCRA, permit to other parties, including the Company.
Those proceedings are currently in mediation, the most recent
session of which was held on July 15, 2004.
In January 2004, the State of Kentucky notified
the Company by letter that, due to the ownership of a closed
landfill (known as Pond 4) at the manufacturing complex,
the Company would be required to submit a post-closure permit
application under RCRA. This could require the Company to bear
the responsibility and cost of performing remediation work on
the pond and solid waste management units and areas of concern
located on property adjacent to the pond that is owned by the
Company. The Company acquired Pond 4 from Goodrich in 1997 as
part of the acquisition of other facilities. Under the contract,
F-8
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
the Company has the right to require Goodrich to
retake title to Pond 4 in the event that ownership of Pond 4
requires the Company to be added to Goodrichs permit
associated with the facility clean-up issued under RCRA. The
Company believes that the letter sent by the State of Kentucky
triggers the right to tender ownership of Pond 4 back to
Goodrich. The Company has notified Goodrich of its obligation to
accept ownership and has tendered title to Pond 4 back to
Goodrich. The Company has also filed an appeal with the State of
Kentucky regarding its letter. Goodrich and PolyOne have both
filed motions to intervene in this appeal. On July 1, 2004,
the Company notified the State of Kentucky that it would prefer
to conduct a clean-closure equivalency determination, or CCED,
of Pond 4 rather than pursue a permit.
None of the parties involved in the proceedings
relating to the disputes with Goodrich and PolyOne and the State
of Kentucky described above has formally quantified the amount
of monetary relief that they are seeking from the Company
(except Goodrich, which is withholding 45% of the groundwater
treatment costs that are being charged to them), nor has the
court or the State of Kentucky proposed or established an
allocation of the costs of remediation among the various
participants. As of June 30, 2004, the aggregate amount
withheld by Goodrich was approximately $1,213. Any monetary
liabilities that the Company might incur with respect to the
remediation of contamination at the manufacturing complex in
Calvert City would likely be spread out over an extended period.
While the Company has denied responsibility for any such
remediation costs and is actively defending its position, the
Company is not in a position at this time to state what effect,
if any, these proceedings could have on the Companys
financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
In March and June 2002, the EPAs National
Enforcement Investigations Center, or NEIC, conducted an
environmental investigation of the Companys manufacturing
complex in Calvert City consisting of the ethylene dichloride
(EDC)/ vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), ethylene and chlor-alkali
plants. In May 2003, the Company received a report prepared by
the NEIC summarizing the results of that investigation. Among
other things, the NEIC concluded that the requirements of
several regulatory provisions had not been met. The Company has
analyzed the NEIC report and has identified areas where it
believes that erroneous factual or legal conclusions, or both,
may have been drawn by the NEIC. The Company has held a number
of discussions with the EPA concerning its conclusions. In
February 2004, representatives of the EPA orally informed the
Company that the agency proposed to assess monetary penalties
against it and to require it to implement certain injunctive
relief to ensure compliance. In addition, the EPAs
representatives informed the Company that the EPA, the NEIC and
the State of Kentucky would conduct an inspection of its PVC
facility in Calvert City, which is separate from the
manufacturing complex and was not visited during the 2002
inspection. That additional inspection took place in late
February 2004. The Company has not yet received a written report
from the agencies regarding the actions that they propose to
take in response to that visit. The EPA has recently submitted
to the Company an information request under Section 114 of
the Clean Air Act and has issued a Notice of Violation, both
pertaining to the inspection of the EDC/ VCM plant. The Notice
of Violation does not propose any specific penalties. The
Company met with the EPA on June 8 and 9, 2004 and is
engaged in settlement discussions. The EPA has also issued to
the Company information requests under Section 3007 of RCRA
and Section 114 of the Clean Air Act regarding the PVC
plant inspection. It is likely that monetary penalties will be
imposed, that capital expenditures for installation of
environmental controls will be required, or that other relief
will be sought, or all or some combination of the preceding, by
either the EPA or the State of Kentucky as a result of the
environmental investigations in Calvert City. In such case, the
Company expects that, based on the EPAs past practices,
the amount of any monetary penalties would be reduced by a
percentage of the expenditures that the Company would agree to
make for certain supplemental environmental
projects. The Company is not in a position at this time to
state what effect, if any, these proceedings could have on the
Companys financial condition, results of operations, or
cash
F-9
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
flows. However, the Company has recorded an
accrual for a probable loss related to monetary penalties.
Although the ultimate amount of liability is not ascertainable,
the Company believes that any amounts exceeding the recorded
accruals should not materially affect the Companys
financial condition. It is possible, however, that the ultimate
resolution of this matter could result in a material adverse
effect on the Companys results of operations for a
particular reporting period.
In connection with the purchase of the
Companys Calvert City facilities in 1997, it acquired 10
barges that it uses to transport chemicals on the Mississippi,
Ohio and Illinois Rivers. In April 1999, the U.S. Coast
Guard issued a forfeiture order permanently barring the use of
the Companys barges in coastwise trade due to an alleged
violation of a federal statute regarding the citizenship of the
purchaser. The Company appealed the forfeiture order with the
Coast Guard and, in June 1999, it filed suit in the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit seeking a
stay of the order pending resolution of the Coast Guard appeal.
The D.C. Circuit granted the stay and the Company is able
to use the barges pending resolution of its appeal with the
Coast Guard. In October 2003, the Coast Guard issued notice that
it would not change its regulations. As a result, the Company is
now seeking legislative relief through a private bill from the
U.S. Congress, and the Coast Guard has stated that it will
not oppose such efforts. The D.C. Circuit is holding
further proceedings in abeyance pending the outcome of those
efforts. The Company does not believe that the ultimate outcome
of this matter will have a material adverse effect on the
Companys business, although there can be no assurance in
this regard.
In October 2003, the Company filed suit against
CITGO Petroleum Corporation in state court in Lake Charles,
Louisiana, asserting that CITGO had failed to take sufficient
hydrogen under two successive contracts pursuant to which the
Company supplied and the Company supplies to CITGO hydrogen that
the Company generates as a co-product in its ethylene plants in
Lake Charles. In December 2003, CITGO responded with an answer
and a counterclaim against the Company, asserting that CITGO had
overpaid the Company for hydrogen due to a faulty sales meter
and that the Company is obligated to reimburse CITGO for the
overpayments. In January 2004, the Company filed a motion to
compel arbitration of CITGOs counterclaim and to stay all
court proceedings relating to the counterclaim. In May 2004, the
parties filed a joint motion with the court to provide for
CITGOs counterclaim to be resolved by arbitration. The
Companys claim against CITGO is approximately $8,100 plus
interest at the prime rate plus two percentage points and
attorneys fees. CITGOs claim against the Company is
approximately $7,800 plus interest at the prime rate plus two
percentage points and attorneys fees. The parties held a
mediation conference in April 2004 at which they agreed to
conduct further discovery with a view towards holding another
mediation conference to attempt to settle their disputes. The
Company can offer no assurance that a settlement can be
achieved, and it is vigorously pursuing its claim against CITGO
and its defense of CITGOs counterclaim.
In December 2003, the Company was served with a
petition as a defendant in a suit in state court in Denver,
Colorado, brought by International
Window Colorado, Inc., or IWC, against several
other parties. As the suit relates to the Company, IWC claims
that the Company breached an exclusive license agreement by
supplying window-profiles products into a restricted territory
and that the Company improperly assisted a competitor of IWC,
resulting in lost profits to IWC and a collapse of IWCs
business. IWC has claimed damages of approximately $5,400. The
case is in the early discovery phase. The Company is vigorously
defending its position in this case and is unable to determine
the probability of loss related to this claim.
F-10
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company is involved in various other legal
proceedings in the ordinary course of business. In
managements opinion, none of these other proceedings will
have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In 2003, the Company received and recognized in
income $3,200 resulting from a legal settlement with a software
vendor. In January 2004, the Company received and recognized in
income $1,529 relating to a lawsuit filed by Taita Chemical
Corp. in which the Company prevailed. This amount was awarded as
a reimbursement of attorney fees incurred by the Company.
The Company operates in two principal business
segments: Olefins and Vinyls. These segments are strategic
business units that offer a variety of different products. The
Company manages each segment separately as each business
requires different technology and marketing strategies.
F-11
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
A reconciliation of total segment income from
operations to consolidated income before taxes is as follows:
Indebtedness consists of the following:
On August 2, 2004, the Company completed the
acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Bristolpipe
Corporation. Bristolpipe Corporation, headquartered in Elkhart,
Indiana, operated three manufacturing plants located in Indiana,
Pennsylvania and Georgia with a combined estimated pipe
production capacity of 300 million pounds per year and
primarily produced PVC pipe products for a wide range of
applications, including domestic and commercial drainage, waste
and venting; underground water; sewer pipe; and
telecommunications cable ducting. Bristolpipe Corporation
reported revenues of approximately $114.0 million for
calendar year 2003. The purchase price of the assets was
$33.0 million, subject to adjustment.
F-12
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Companys payment obligations under its
8 3/4% senior notes are fully and unconditionally
guaranteed by each of its current and future domestic restricted
subsidiaries (the Guarantor Subsidiaries). Each
Guarantor Subsidiary is 100% owned by the parent company. These
guarantees are the joint and several obligations of the
Guarantor Subsidiaries. The following unaudited condensed
consolidating financial information presents the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of Westlake
Chemical Corporation, the Guarantor Subsidiaries and the
remaining subsidiaries that do not guarantee the notes (the
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries), together with
consolidating adjustments necessary to present the
Companys results on a consolidated basis.
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
as of December 31, 2003
F-13
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
as of June 30, 2004
F-14
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2003
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2004
F-15
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2003
F-16
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2004
F-17
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
In our opinion, the consolidated financial
statements listed in the accompanying index appearing on page
F-1 present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Westlake Chemical Corporation and its subsidiaries
(the Company) at December 31, 2002 and 2003,
and the results of their operations and their cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31,
2003, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Companys
management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our
audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of
the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).
These standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable
basis for our opinion.
Houston, Texas
F-18
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these consolidated financial statements.
F-19
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
OPERATIONS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these consolidated financial statements.
F-20
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN
STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY AND
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these consolidated financial statements.
F-21
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH
FLOWS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these consolidated financial statements.
F-22
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
During 2004, Westlake Chemical Corporation (WCC)
consummated a reorganization designed to simplify its ownership
structure. Westlake Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc.
(WPPI) and Gulf Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc. (GPPI),
WCCs former direct and indirect parent companies,
respectively, both have been merged into WCC, which survived the
mergers, effective August 6, 2004 and August 4, 2004,
respectively (collectively, the Transactions).
In the mergers, all of the common and preferred
stock of WCC, GPPI and WPPI outstanding prior to the mergers, as
well as the preferred stock of a subsidiary of GPPI outstanding
prior to the mergers, has been exchanged for common stock of
WCC. Additionally, effective August 7, 2004, WCC has
executed a stock split of its common stock in conjunction with
the mergers. The preferred shares of WPPI were classified as
minority interest (see note 8). TTWF LP, a Delaware limited
partnership, has become the sole stockholder of the restructured
WCC, and members of the Chao family and related trusts and other
entities, which were the stockholders of WCC, WPPI and GPPI
prior to the mergers, now own all of the partnership interests
in TTWF LP.
The accompanying consolidated financial
statements reflect the mergers and the stock split described
above (but not the exchange of preferred stock for common stock)
as if they had occurred prior to January 1, 2001. The
Company refers to the legal entity resulting from
the Transactions.
The Company operates as an integrated
petrochemical manufacturer and plastics fabricator. The
Companys customers range from large chemical processors
and plastic fabricators to small construction contractors,
municipalities and supply warehouses primarily throughout North
America. The petrochemical industry is subject to price
fluctuations and volatile feedstock pricing typical of a
commodity-based industry, which may not be rapidly passed to all
customers.
The consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of WCC and subsidiaries in which the Company directly
or indirectly owns more than a 50% voting interest. Investments
in entities in which the Company has a significant ownership
interest, generally 20% to 50%, and in entities in which the
Company has greater than 50% ownership, but due to contractual
agreement or otherwise does not exercise control, are accounted
for using the equity method. Intercompany balances and
transactions are eliminated. The Company owns a 43% interest in
a PVC joint venture in China. This joint venture is accounted
for using the equity method.
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid
investments that are readily convertible into cash and have a
maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition.
Inventories primarily include product, material
and supplies. Inventories are stated at lower of cost or market.
Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out
(FIFO) or average method.
F-23
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost,
net of accumulated depreciation. Cost includes expenditures for
improvements and betterments which extend the useful lives of
the assets and interest capitalized on significant capital
projects. Capitalized interest was $1,607 and $398 in 2001 and
2002, respectively. No interest was capitalized in 2003. Repair
and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred.
Depreciation is provided by utilizing the straight-line method
over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
The Company reviews long-lived assets for
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a
comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net
undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset.
Assets are considered to be impaired if the carrying amount of
an asset exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows. The
impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the
carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the
assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of
the carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell.
Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 144,
Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived
Assets
, which superseded SFAS 121. Adoption of
SFAS 144 did not have a material effect on the consolidated
results of operations, cash flows or financial position of the
Company.
Effective January 1, 2002, the Company
adopted SFAS 142,
Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets.
In accordance with this statement, goodwill and
indefinite-lived intangible assets are no longer amortized, but
are tested for impairment at least annually. Other intangible
assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated
useful life and reviewed for impairment in accordance with the
provisions of SFAS 144. The Company has no reported
goodwill at December 31, 2002 and 2003. Adoption of
SFAS 142 did not have a material effect on consolidated
results of operations, cash flows or financial position of the
Company.
Turnaround costs are deferred at the time of the
turnaround and amortized (within depreciation and amortization)
on a straight-line basis until the next planned turnaround,
which ranges from 3-5 years. Deferred turnaround costs are
presented as a component of other assets, net.
The Company enters into inventory exchange
transactions with third parties, which involve fungible
commodities. These exchanges are settled in like-kind quantities
and are valued at lower of cost or market. Cost is determined
using the FIFO method. As of December 31, 2002 and 2003,
the net exchange balances payable of $2,197 and $2,182,
respectively, are included in accrued liabilities.
F-24
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company utilizes the liability method of
accounting for income taxes. Under the liability method,
deferred tax assets or liabilities are recorded based upon
temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and
liabilities and their carrying values for financial reporting
purposes. Deferred tax expense or benefit is the result of
changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities during the
period. Valuation allowances are recorded against deferred tax
assets when it is considered more likely than not that the
deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries
are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate as of
the end of the year. Statement of operations items are
translated at the average exchange rate for the year. The
resulting translation adjustment is recorded as a separate
component of stockholders equity.
Financial instruments which potentially subject
the Company to concentration of risk consist principally of
trade receivables from customers engaged in manufacturing
polyethylene products, polyvinyl chloride products and utilizing
polyvinyl chloride pipe. The Company performs periodic credit
evaluations of the customers financial condition and
generally does not require collateral. The Company maintains
reserves for potential losses.
Revenues associated with sales of chemical
products are recorded when title and risk passes to the customer
upon delivery under executed customer purchase orders or
contracts. Title and risk generally passes to customers when
goods are shipped to the customers. For export contracts, the
title and risk passes to customers at the time specified by each
contract. Provisions for discounts, rebates and returns are
provided for in the same period as the related sales are
recorded.
The Company applies the provisions of Financial
Accounting Standards Board SFAS 128,
Earnings Per Share
(EPS)
, which requires companies to present basic earnings
per share and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per
share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income
available to common stockholders by the weighted average number
of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share
reflects the dilution that could occur if securities or other
contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into
common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock.
Commencing January 1, 2001, the Company
adopted SFAS 133,
Accounting for Derivative Instruments
and Hedging Activities
, as amended by SFAS 138.
SFAS 133 requires that the Company recognize all derivative
instruments on the balance sheet at fair value, and changes in
the derivatives fair value must be currently recognized in
earnings or comprehensive income, depending on the designation
of the derivative. If the derivative is designated as a fair
value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and
of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are
recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a
cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the change in the fair
value of the derivative is recorded in comprehensive income and
is recognized in the income statement when the
F-25
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
hedged item affects earnings. Ineffective
portions of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are
recognized in earnings currently.
The Company does not enter into derivative
instruments for trading purposes; however, the Company utilizes
commodity price swaps to reduce price risks by entering into
price swaps with counterparties and by purchasing or selling
futures on established exchanges. The Company takes both fixed
and variable positions, depending upon anticipated future
physical purchases and sales of these commodities. Open
positions are accounted for as hedges with gains or losses
deferred until corresponding physical transactions occur or
until corresponding positions expire or close. The fair value of
derivative financial instruments is estimated using current
market quotes. See note 9 for a summary of the carrying
value and fair value of derivative instruments.
During 2001, 2002 and 2003, due to the short-term
nature of the commitments and associated derivative instruments,
the Company did not designate any of its derivative instruments
as hedges under the provisions of SFAS 133. As such, gains
and losses from changes in the fair value of all the derivative
instruments used in 2001, 2002, and 2003 were included in
earnings.
Environmental costs relating to current
operations are expensed or capitalized, as appropriate,
depending on whether such costs provide future economic
benefits. Remediation liabilities are recognized when the costs
are considered probable and can be reasonably estimated.
Measurement of liabilities is based on currently enacted laws
and regulations, existing technology and undiscounted
site-specific costs. Environmental liabilities in connection
with properties that are sold or closed are realized upon such
sale or closure, to the extent they are probable and estimable
and not previously reserved. In assessing environmental
liabilities, no set-off is made for potential insurance
recoveries. Recognition of any joint and several liabilities is
based upon the Companys best estimate of its final pro
rata share of the liability.
The Company has historically accounted for the
transfers of financial assets, including transfers to a
qualified special purpose entity (QSPE), in
accordance with SFAS 140,
Accounting for Transfers and
Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of
Liabilities, a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125.
In accordance with SFAS 140, the Company recognizes
transfers of financial assets as sales provided that control has
been relinquished. Control is deemed to be relinquished only
when all of the following conditions have been met: (i) the
assets have been isolated from the transferor, even in
bankruptcy or other receivership (true sale opinions are
required); (ii) the transferee has the right to pledge or
exchange the assets received and (iii) the transferor has
not maintained effective control over the transferred assets
(
e.g.
, a unilateral ability to repurchase a unique or
specific asset). Additionally, the Company is also required to
follow the accounting guidance under SFAS 140 and Emerging
Issues Task Force (EITF) Topic No. D-14,
Transactions Involving Special-Purpose Entities,
to
determine whether or not a special purpose entity
(SPE) is required to be consolidated.
The Companys transfer of financial assets
relate to securitization transactions with a special purpose
entity meeting the SFAS 140 definition of a QSPE. A QSPE
can generally be described as an entity with significantly
limited powers which are intended to limit it to passively
holding financial assets and distributing cash flows based upon
pre-set terms. Based upon the guidance in SFAS 140, the
Company was not required to and did not consolidate such QSPE.
Rather, the Company accounted for its involvement with QSPEs
under a financial components approach in which the Company
recognized only its retained interest in assets transferred to
the QSPE. The Company accounted for such retained interests
F-26
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
at fair value with changes in fair value reported
in earnings. In July 2003, the Company terminated its accounts
receivable securitization facility (see note 3).
Amortization of debt issue costs is computed on a
basis which approximates the interest method over the term of
the related debt. Certain other assets (Note 6) are
amortized over periods ranging from 3 to 15 years using the
straight-line method.
Certain reclassifications have been made to
amounts previously reported on the consolidated statement of
operations and on the consolidated statement of cash flows.
The carrying amounts reported in the balance
sheet for cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts
payable approximate their fair value due to the short maturities
of these instruments. The fair value of the Companys debt
as of December 31, 2003 differs from the carrying value due
to the issuance of fixed rate senior notes in 2003. See
note 9 for a summary of financial instruments where fair
value differs from carrying amounts. The fair value of financial
instruments is estimated using current market quotes from
external sources.
The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
In August 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 143,
Accounting for Obligations Associated with the Retirement of
Long-Lived Assets.
This statement requires: (a) an
existing legal obligation associated with the retirement of a
tangible long-lived asset must be recognized as a liability when
incurred and the amount of the liability be initially measured
at fair value, (b) an entity must recognize subsequent
changes in the liability that result from the passage of time
and revisions in either the timing or amount of estimated cash
flows and (c) upon initially recognizing a liability for an
asset retirement obligation, an entity must capitalize the cost
by recognizing an increase in the carrying amount of the related
long-lived asset. SFAS 143 is effective for financial
statements issued for fiscal years beginning after June 15,
2002. As of December 31, 2003, the Company did not have
legal or contractual obligations to close any of its facilities.
The Companys adoption of SFAS 143 on January 1,
2003 did not have a material impact on its consolidated results
of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In April 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 145,
Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44 and 64,
Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13 and Technical
Corrections.
SFAS 145 rescinds SFAS 4,
Reporting Gains and Losses from Extinguishment of Debt.
By rescinding SFAS 4, gains or losses from
extinguishment of debt that do not meet the criteria of APB
No. 30 should not be reported as an extraordinary item and
should be reclassified to income from continuing operations in
all periods presented. APB No. 30 states that
extraordinary items are events and transactions that are
distinguished by their unusual nature and by the infrequency of
their occurrence. SFAS 145 is effective for fiscal years
beginning
F-27
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
after May 15, 2002. The Companys
adoption of SFAS 145 on January 1, 2003 did not have a
material impact on its consolidated results of operations, cash
flow or financial position. As discussed in Note 7, the
Company completed a refinancing of substantially all of its
outstanding long-term debt on July 31, 2003. As a result of
the refinancing, the Company recognized $11,343 in non-operating
expense in the third quarter of 2003.
In December 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation
No. 46R,
Consolidations of Variable Interest Entities,
an interpretation of ARB No. 51. The Company is
required to comply with the consolidation requirements of FIN
No. 46R. The Company has determined that application of FIN
No. 46R will not have a material impact on the consolidated
results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In March 2003, the FASB issued SFAS 149,
Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities.
SFAS 149 amends and clarifies
financial accounting and reporting for derivative instruments,
including certain derivative instruments embedded in other
contracts and for hedging activities under SFAS 133,
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities.
SFAS 149 was effective for contracts
entered into, modified or designated as hedges after
June 30, 2003. The Company adopted this standard as of
July 1, 2003 and it did not have a significant effect on
its consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial
position.
In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS 150,
Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with
Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity.
This
statement improves the accounting for certain financial
instruments that, under previous guidance, issuers could account
for as equity and requires that those instruments be classified
as liabilities in statements of financial position. This
statement is effective for all financial instruments entered
into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise is
effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning
after June 15, 2003. The Company adopted SFAS 150 as
of July 1, 2003 and it did not have a significant effect on
the Companys consolidated results of operations, cash
flows or financial position.
Accounts receivable consist of the following at
December 31, 2002 and 2003:
Accounts receivable from affiliates decreased
between December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2003 due to
termination of the accounts receivables securitization facility
in connection with the debt refinancing the Company completed on
July 31, 2003. The termination of the accounts receivable
securitization facility is discussed in note 3 and the debt
refinancing is discussed in note 7.
In August 1997, the Company established Westlake
AR Corporation (WARC), an unconsolidated subsidiary
and QSPE. WARCs activities were legally limited to
purchasing the Companys accounts
F-28
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
receivable, selling undivided ownership interests
in the accounts receivable and collecting and distributing
proceeds related to the receivables. In July 2003, in
conjunction with the refinancing of the Companys debt (see
note 7), the Company terminated its accounts receivable
securitization facility by repurchasing all accounts receivable
previously sold to its unconsolidated accounts receivable
securitization subsidiary.
In October 1997, the Company entered into a
Receivable Transfer Agreement to sell accounts receivable to
WARC, which, under a separate agreement, agreed to sell up to
$49,500 of revolving undivided ownership interests in those
accounts receivable to an unrelated financial institution (the
receivable securitization). As a result of certain
of the Companys subsidiaries merging into Delaware limited
liability partnerships, an amended and restated Receivable
Transfer Agreement was executed on February 12, 2001. As of
December 31, 2002, the undivided ownership interest in the
receivables was $15,100. At December 31, 2002, $91,059 had
been sold under this agreement. These sales were reflected as
reductions of trade accounts receivable. The Company retained a
beneficial interest in those receivables. The fair value of the
beneficial interests approximated the carrying value of the
receivables. The amount of receivables sold fluctuated based
upon the availability of the receivables and was directly
affected by changing business volume and credit risks. The
Company guaranteed certain amounts due by WARC under its
agreement with the financial institution. The carrying amount of
the Companys exposure related to guarantees for
WARCs loan was $15,100 as of December 31, 2002.
The Company sold receivables to WARC at a
discount of approximately 2% and received certain servicing fees
from WARC. During the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002,
and 2003, the Company recognized discount expense of $7,480,
$5,632 and $3,600, respectively, and servicing fees of $6,251,
$6,724, and $4,732, respectively, within other income, net in
the statement of operations.
In addition to purchasing receivables from the
Company and utilizing the Company to service and collect its
receivables, as well as fund the expenditures, WARC had an
agreement with the Company whereby WARCs cash balance in
excess of $250 was swept nightly into an account controlled by
the Company. At December 31, 2002, the receivable from
WARC, net of payable to WARC, was $25,456. This amount was
included in receivables from affiliates on the balance sheet.
Inventories consist of the following at
December 31, 2002 and 2003:
In December 2002, the Company entered into an
agreement to sell 15 million pounds of finished product
inventory during 2003 at a fixed price. In accordance with the
agreement, the Company was required to repurchase this inventory
during 2003 at market prices at the time of repurchase after
certain agreed upon adjustments. Due to the terms of the
agreement, cash received from the sale of the inventory was
recorded as a liability, and adjusted to market value of the
inventory to reflect repurchase obligations. As of
December 31, 2002, the Company had $4,279 in inventory
separately identified and restricted for use in accordance with
this agreement.
F-29
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Property, plant and equipment consists of the
following at December 31, 2002 and 2003:
Depreciation expense on plant and equipment of
$72,944, $74,040 and $73,868 is included in cost of sales in the
consolidated statement of operations in 2001, 2002 and 2003,
respectively.
During 2001, 2002 and 2003, the Company
recognized write-downs of plant and equipment amounting to
$7,677, $2,239 and $2,285, respectively. The write-downs have
been reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. The
write-downs represent the amount necessary to adjust the
carrying value of certain plant and equipment to its net
realizable value. Of the impairments in 2001, approximately
$4,862 relates to assets for future expansion that were acquired
but never placed in service. As the equipment was never placed
in service, the equipment was included in the corporate segment.
When the Company decided to sell the equipment, its value was
adjusted to fair market value based on estimated sales value
less commissions. An additional $2,025 was included in the
corporate segment related to costs to implement a software
system that did not function as intended. In the vinyls segment,
$800 in impairment relates to equipment that was taken out of
service and written down to its estimated sales value less
commissions, as determined by third party valuation, and is
being held for sale. The impairments in 2002 relate to the
vinyls segment. During the fourth quarter of 2002, the Company
announced plans to address the changing market conditions
impacting the polyethylene pipe business and recognized an asset
impairment charge of $1,783 to reflect the property and
equipment associated with this business at its estimated fair
value. In addition, $457 of obsolete tooling equipment was
retired in 2002. The impairments in 2003 relate primarily to
idled styrene and ethylene assets charged to the olefins segment
of approximately $1,544, which were replaced. An additional $741
charged to the corporate segment relates to equipment held for
sale that was adjusted to fair market value.
Property, plant and equipment included
nonoperating assets of $4,061 and $2,369 at December 31,
2002 and 2003, respectively.
Insurance recoveries related to casualty losses
at the Companys Olefins and Vinyls facilities amounted to
$2,878, $4,901 and $3,350 in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.
These insurance recoveries net of related property costs have
been recorded in Other income (expense) in the consolidated
statements of operations.
F-30
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Other assets consist of the following:
Amortization expense on other assets of $8,746,
$13,978 and $14,312 is included in the consolidated statement of
operations in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.
Scheduled amortization of these intangible assets
for the next five years is as follows: $13,117, $10,746, $7,751,
$6,203 and $5,764 in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008,
respectively.
Indebtedness consists of the following at
December 31, 2002 and 2003:
On July 31, 2003, the Company completed a
refinancing of substantially all of its outstanding long-term
debt. The Company used net proceeds from the refinancing of
$506,900 to:
F-31
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In conjunction with the refinancing, the Company
terminated its accounts receivable securitization facility by
repurchasing all accounts receivable previously sold to its
unconsolidated accounts receivables securitization subsidiary.
The net accounts receivable repurchased totaled $15,100. No gain
or loss was recognized as a result of the accounts receivable
repurchase. The Company also obtained a $12,395 letter of credit
to secure its obligations under a letter of credit reimbursement
agreement related to outstanding tax-exempt revenue bonds in the
amount of $10,889. As a result of the refinancing, the Company
recognized $11,343 in non-operating expense in the third quarter
of 2003 consisting of the $4,000 make-whole premium and a
write-off of $7,343 in previously capitalized debt issuance
expenses.
The refinancing consisted of:
The Company incurred approximately $14,102 in
costs associated with the refinancing that were capitalized and
that will be amortized over the term of the new debt.
The 8 3/4% senior notes are unsecured.
There is no sinking fund and no scheduled amortization of the
notes prior to maturity. The notes are subject to redemption,
and holders may require the Company to repurchase the notes upon
a change of control. All domestic restricted subsidiaries are
guarantors of the senior notes. See note 17.
The term loan bears interest at either LIBOR plus
3.75% or prime rate plus 2.75%. Quarterly principal payments of
$300 are due on the term loan beginning on September 30,
2003, with the balance due in four equal quarterly installments
in the seventh year of the loan. Mandatory prepayments are due
on the term loan with the proceeds of asset sales and casualty
events subject, in some instances, to reinvestment provisions.
Beginning in 2004, the term loan will require prepayment with
50% of excess cash flow as determined under the term loan
agreement. The term loan is collateralized by the Companys
Lake Charles and Calvert City facilities and some related
intangible assets.
The revolving credit facility bears interest at
either LIBOR plus 2.25% or prime rate plus 0.25%, subject to a
grid pricing adjustment based on a fixed charge coverage ratio
after the first year and subject to a 0.5% unused line fee. The
revolving credit facility is also subject to a termination fee
if terminated during the first two years. The revolving credit
facility is collateralized by accounts receivable and contract
rights, inventory, chattel paper, instruments, documents,
deposit accounts and related intangible assets. The revolving
credit facility matures in 2007.
The agreements governing the
8 3/4% senior notes, the term loan and the revolving
credit facility each contain customary covenants and events of
default. Accordingly, these agreements impose significant
operating and financial restrictions on the Company. These
restrictions, among other things, provide limitations on
incurrence of additional indebtedness, the payment of dividends,
significant investments and sales of assets. These limitations
are subject to a number of important qualifications and
exceptions. The 8 3/4% senior notes indenture and the
term loan do not allow dividend distributions unless, after
giving pro forma effect to the distribution, the Companys
fixed charge coverage ratio is at least 2.0 and such payment,
together with the aggregate amount of all other restricted
payments since July 31, 2003 is less than the sum of 50% of
the Companys consolidated net income for the period from
the fourth quarter of 2003 to the end of the most recent quarter
for which financial statements have been delivered (the
percentage will be increased to 100% after the
8 3/4% senior notes are rated investment grade), plus
100% of net cash proceeds received after July 31, 2003 as a
contribution to the Companys common equity capital
F-32
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
or from the issuance or sale of equity
securities, plus $25,000. The revolving credit facility also
restricts dividend payments unless, after giving effect to such
payment, the availability equals or exceeds $100,000. None of
the agreements require the Company to maintain specified
financial ratios, except that the Companys revolving
credit facility requires the Company to maintain a minimum fixed
charge coverage ratio when availability falls below a specified
minimum level.
In December 1997, the Company entered into a loan
agreement with a public trust established for public purposes
for the benefit of Parish of Calcasieu, Louisiana. The public
trust issued $10,889 in tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds
(revenue bonds) in order to finance the Companys
construction of waste disposal facilities for its new ethylene
plant. The revenue bonds expire in December 2027 and are subject
to redemption and mandatory tender for purchase prior to
maturity under certain conditions. Interest on the revenue bonds
accrues at a rate determined by a remarketing agent and is
payable quarterly. The interest rate on the revenue bonds at
December 31, 2002 and 2003 was 1.70% and 1.18%,
respectively. In conjunction with the loan agreement, the
Company entered into a letter of credit reimbursement agreement
and obtained a letter of credit from a bank in the amount of
$11,268. The letter of credit was replaced as part of the 2003
refinancing, and will expire in March 2005.
On December 8, 2001, the Company entered
into a $27,000 loan with a bank. The loan has been renewed
annually and will mature on December 31, 2004. The loan
bears interest at LIBOR plus 0.6%. Interest is payable on the
last day of each applicable interest period or quarterly if the
interest period is longer than three months.
The Company entered into a $300,000 revolving
credit facility in 1996 with a syndicate of banks. As discussed
below, the agreement was amended in June 2002. Prior to the
amendment, at the Companys option, interest with respect
to this revolving credit agreement accrued at a rate equal to
the adjusted Eurodollar rate, or the higher of the adjusted
federal funds rate or adjusted prime rate, as defined, and was
payable at the end of each interest period or quarterly. The
weighted-average interest rate under the revolving credit
facility, as of December 31, 2002, was 5.44%. As discussed
above, this revolving credit facility was refinanced in July
2003.
In March 1998, the Company entered into a
$150,000 term loan with a group of banks. As discussed below,
the agreement was amended in June 2002. Prior to the amendment,
at the Companys option, interest on the debt accrued at
the adjusted Eurodollar rate or at a rate equal to the higher of
the adjusted federal funds rate or prime rate, as defined, and
was payable at the end of each interest period or quarterly. The
outstanding term loan as of December 31, 2002 was $113,957.
The weighted-average interest rate as of December 31, 2002
was 5.62%. As discussed above, this term loan was refinanced in
July 2003.
The Company issued $85,000 of senior notes
(Series A Notes) to a group of private investors in 1994.
In accordance with the original terms the Series A Notes
were due in four equal annual installments beginning
February 14, 2001. Interest accrued at the fixed rate of
8.51% and was payable semi-annually. As discussed above, these
notes were repaid in connection with the refinancing in July
2003.
The Company issued $150,000 of senior notes
(Series B Notes) to a group of private investors in 1995.
Interest accrued at the fixed rate of 7.51% and was payable
semi-annually. In accordance with the original terms, principal
was due in six equal semiannual payments beginning
November 30, 2004. As discussed above, these notes were
repaid in connection with the refinancing in July 2003.
The Company obtained a series of waivers for
noncompliance with certain of the covenants related to its
$300,000 revolving credit facility, $150,000 term loan, $11,268
letter of credit reimbursement agreement, the Series A
Notes agreement and the Series B Notes agreement. As part
of the waiver agreement, the Company agreed to pay interest
monthly, and postponed the repayment of all principal
F-33
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
maturing on long term debt pending the completion
of negotiations with the lenders. On June 26, 2002, the
Company and the lenders under these agreements formalized
amended and restated agreements. The new amendments resulted in
the Company providing security in most of its assets to its
lenders, with a relaxation of financial covenants and an
increase in interest rates and limitations on capital spending.
As part of and through the date of these amendments, the Company
obtained waivers of all known covenant noncompliance with the
previous agreements.
The amended revolver, which was refinanced in
July 2003, was divided into three tranches: a $7,274
Tranche A1 priced at prime plus 2.25%, a $126,114
Tranche A2 priced at LIBOR plus 3.25% or prime plus 2.25%
and a $158,223 Tranche B priced at LIBOR plus 3.25% plus
0.5% utilization fee or prime plus 2.25% plus 0.5% utilization
fee. Amounts drawn were attributed first to Tranche B to
the extent of its availability, then to Tranche A2 and then
to Tranche A1. The amended term loan of $113,957 was priced
at LIBOR plus 3.75% or prime plus 2.75%. Both the Series A
Notes and Series B Notes were repriced to 9.50% with
interest payable quarterly. All of the loan agreements were
amended to mature on March 31, 2005. As of
December 31, 2002, the balance outstanding for Tranches A1,
A2 and B were $0, $16,485 and $156,015, respectively.
On June 26, 2002, at the closing of the
amendment, the Company paid retroactive interest to July 1,
2001 of $5,116, fees of $9,574 and accrued interest of $1,775.
Costs paid to the creditors at closing and fees paid to third
parties in connection with the amendment of $9,377 were
capitalized and are amortized over the term of the amended
agreements. The Company also paid at closing a total of $20,000
consisting of a permanent pay down of $8,390 on the revolver,
principal repayment of $6,043 on its term loan, principal
repayment of $5,000 on its Series A Notes, and deposited
$567 into a restricted cash account as collateral under the
letter of credit reimbursement agreement.
The weighted average interest rate on the
borrowings at December 31, 2002 and 2003 was 6.63% and
7.07%, respectively.
The aggregate maturities of long-term debt are as
follows:
During 2004, as part of the reorganization
described in note 1, all of the common stock and preferred
stock of WCC, GPPI and WPPI was exchanged for common stock of
the Company. In addition, as also described in note 1, a
stock split of the Companys common stock was executed with
the effects reflected as if the stock split occurred prior to
January 1, 2001. Prior to the reorganization, WPPI had
preferred stock outstanding which was owned by third parties
outside the consolidated group, and which has been presented in
these consolidated financial statements as minority interest.
F-34
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Series A
Non-Voting Preferred Stock
The Company currently has outstanding to
affiliates Series A non-voting preferred stock. Holders of
the preferred stock are entitled to receive such dividends as
may be declared by the board of directors of the Company
(although none have ever been declared). The preferred stock has
a liquidation value over the common stock of $100,000 per
share plus all declared but unpaid dividends and is redeemable
at the option of the Company at $100,000 per share plus
declared and unpaid dividends. The preferred stock is not
convertible into common stock.
After the mergers described in note 1, each share
of the newly issued common stock entitles the holder to one vote
on all matters on which holders are permitted to vote, including
the election of directors. There are no cumulative voting
rights. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the total votes
entitled to vote in an election of directors will be able to
elect all of the directors standing for election. Subject to
preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred
stock, the holders of the common stock will share equally on a
per share basis any dividends when, as and if declared by the
board of directors out of funds legally available for that
purpose. If the Company liquidated, dissolved or wound up, the
holders of the Companys common stock will be entitled to a
ratable share of any distribution to stockholders, after
satisfaction of all the Companys liabilities and of the
prior rights of any outstanding class of the Companys
preferred stock. The Companys common stock has no
preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights.
There are no redemption of sinking fund provisions applicable to
our common stock.
In connection with the mergers described in
note 1, the Companys charter has been amended to
authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock. The
Companys board of directors has the authority, without
shareholder approval, to issue shares from time to time in one
or more series, and to fix the number of shares and terms of
each such series. The board may determine the designations and
other terms of each series including dividend rates, whether
dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative, redemption
rights, liquidation rights, sinking fund provisions, conversion
or exchange rights and voting rights.
The Company uses derivative instruments to reduce
price volatility risk on commodities, primarily natural gas and
ethane. Generally, the Companys strategy is to hedge its
exposure to price variance by locking in prices for future
purchases and sales. Usually, such derivatives are for terms of
less than one year. In 2001, 2002 and 2003, due to the
short-term nature of the commitments and associated derivative
instruments, the Company did not designate any of its derivative
instruments as hedges under the provisions of SFAS 133. As
such, gains and losses from changes in the fair value of all the
derivative instruments used in 2001, 2002, and 2003 were
included in earnings.
The exposure on commodity derivatives used for
price risk management includes the risk that the counterparty
will not pay if the market declines below the established fixed
price. In such case, the Company would lose the benefit of the
derivative differential on the volume of the commodities
covered. In any case, the Company would continue to receive the
market price on the actual volume hedged. The Company also bears
the risk that it could lose the benefit of market improvements
over the fixed derivative price for the term and volume of the
derivative securities (as such improvements would accrue to the
benefit of the counterparty).
F-35
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company had a net gain of $36 in connection
with commodity derivatives and inventory repurchase obligations
for the year ended December 31, 2003 compared to a net loss
of $800 and $737 for the years ended December 31, 2001 and
2002. Risk management asset balances of $185 and $3,040 were
included in accounts receivable, and risk management liability
balances of $326 and $-0-were included in accrued liabilities in
the Companys balance sheets as of December 31, 2002
and December 31, 2003, respectively.
At December 31, 2003, the fair value of the
natural gas futures and propane forward contracts were obtained
from a third party. The fair and carrying value of our
derivative commodity instruments and financial instruments is
summarized below:
The components of income (loss) before taxes and
minority interest for the years ended December 31, 2001,
2002, 2003 are as follows:
The Companys income tax provision for the
years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 consists of
the following:
F-36
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
An analysis of the Companys effective
income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002
and 2003, follows:
The tax effects of the principal temporary
differences between financial reporting and income tax reporting
at December 31, 2002 and 2003, are as follows:
At December 31, 2003, the Company had
federal and state tax net operating loss carryforwards of
approximately $259,893 and $377,594, respectively, which will
expire in varying amounts between 2010 and 2021 and are subject
to certain limitations on an annual basis. Management believes
the Company will realize the full benefit of the net operating
loss carryforwards before they expire. The Company has an AMT
carryforward of $28,537 which does not expire. Applicable
U.S. deferred income taxes and related foreign dividend
withholding taxes have not been provided on approximately $2,558
of undistributed earnings and profits of the Companys
foreign corporate joint venture. The Company considers such
earnings to be permanently reinvested outside the United States.
It is not practicable to estimate the amount of deferred income
taxes associated with these unremitted earnings.
F-37
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company has a defined contribution savings
plan covering all regular full-time and part-time employees
whereby eligible employees may elect to contribute up to 15% of
their annual compensation. The Company matches the first 6% of
such employee contributions at rates which vary by subsidiary.
The Company may, at its discretion, make an additional
contribution in an amount as the Board of Directors may
determine. For the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and
2003, the Company charged approximately $1,838, $1,905 and
$1,875, respectively, to expense for these contributions.
Further, within the defined contribution savings
plan the Company also makes an annual retirement contribution to
substantially all employees of one subsidiary and certain
employees of another subsidiary who have completed one year of
service. The Companys contributions to the plan are
determined as a percentage of employees base and overtime
pay. For the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003,
the Company charged approximately $2,021, $1,908 and $2,002,
respectively, to expense for these contributions.
The Company has noncontributory defined benefit
pension plans which cover substantially all salaried and all
wage employees of one subsidiary. Benefits for salaried
employees under these plans are based primarily on years of
service and employees pay near retirement. Benefits for
wage employees are based upon years of service and a fixed
amount as periodically adjusted. The Company recognizes the
years of service prior to the Companys acquisition of the
facilities for purposes of determining vesting, eligibility and
benefit levels for certain employees of the subsidiary and for
determining vesting and eligibility for certain other employees
of the subsidiary. The measurement date for these plans is
December 31. The Companys funding policy is
consistent with the funding requirements of federal law and
regulations. In 2004, the Company expects to contribute $1,560
to these plans. The accumulated benefit obligation was $16,242,
$17,564 and $22,100 at December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003,
respectively.
The Company provides post-retirement healthcare
benefits to the employees of three subsidiaries who meet certain
minimum age and service requirements. The Company has the right
to modify or terminate some of these benefits.
F-38
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company elected to reduce the return on
assets assumption for the defined benefit pension plans from
9.0% to 8.0% effective January 1, 2004. This decision is
based on input from our third-party, independent actuary and the
pension fund trustee, projecting near-term returns of 12% to 14%
from equities, and 3% to 4% from fixed income investments.
The Company adopted a balanced asset
allocation model (investment policy) of 50% equities and 50%
fixed income in response to the market downturn during 2001 and
2002. As the market improved
F-39
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
during 2003, the pension fund investment policy
allowed the pension fund trustee a 10% discretionary range in
the asset allocation model, which allows the trustee to shift to
approximately 60% equities and 40% fixed income. The Company
expects the 50/50 investment policy to remain for the near
future.
In connection with the Transactions described in
note 1, the board of directors of the Company will adopt,
and the stockholders will approve, the Westlake Chemical
Corporation 2004 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The plan will be
effective upon the closing of a planned initial public offering
of the Companys common stock.
Under the plan, all employees of the Company, as
well as individuals who have agreed to become the Companys
employees within six months of the date of grant, will be
eligible for awards. Shares of common stock may be issued as
authorized in the 2004 Omnibus Incentive Plan. At the discretion
of the administrator of the plan, employees and non-employee
directors may be granted awards in the form of stock options,
stock appreciation rights, stock awards or cash awards (any of
which may be a performance award). Awards under the plan may be
granted singly, in combination, or in tandem.
The Company leases office space for management
and administrative services from an affiliated party. For the
years ending December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, the Company
incurred and paid lease payments of approximately $1,671, $1,512
and $1,409, respectively.
The Company utilized Peerless Agency, Inc.
(Peerless), an affiliated party, as an insurance
agent and paid Peerless $520, $1,026, and $93 for the years
ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. The
arrangement was terminated in 2003.
In March 2000, the Company loaned an affiliated
party $2,000. Principal and interest payments will be repaid in
twelve semi-annual installments which commence in January 2005.
Interest on the debt accrues at LIBOR plus 2%. Previously, the
Company loaned this same affiliate $5,150. No interest or
principal payments were received from the original loan from
1997 through 2001. Principal is scheduled to be repaid in twelve
semi-annual installments commencing April 2004. Interest
payments of $1,350 and $847 were received in 2002 and 2003,
respectively, and included in other income, net in
the consolidated statement of operations. The loan amounts are
included in other assets, net in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheet.
During the years ended December 31, 2001,
2002 and 2003, the Company and subsidiaries charged affiliates
$2,627, $2,204, and $1,389, respectively, for management
services incurred on their behalf. The amounts are included in
other income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of
operations. Amounts due for such services and other expenses of
$1,056 and $926 as of December 31, 2002 and 2003,
respectively, are included in accounts receivable in the
accompanying consolidated balance sheets. During the year ended
December 31, 2001, the Company purchased product for resale
from an affiliate of $2,639.
The Company issued various promissory notes to
Gulf United Investments Corporation, an affiliate of the
Company, totaling $5,391. Interest on the notes accrues at the
prime rate. A principal amount equal to $5,165 matures in 2004,
with the remainder maturing in 2005.
The Company issued $312 of promissory notes to
Westlake Industries, Inc., an affiliate of the Company. Interest
on the notes accrues at the prime rate, and the notes mature in
2004.
In 2000, Westlake International Investments
Corporation, one of the Companys non-guarantor
subsidiaries, issued a $2,000 promissory note to Gulf United
Investments Corporation, one of the
F-40
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Companys affiliates. In 2002, accrued
interest was added to the principal and a new $2,266 promissory
note was issued with a maturity date of August 2004. Interest on
this note accrues at the prime rate and is due at maturity. As
of December 31, 2002, the principal balance of the note was
$253. The balance of the note was paid off on December 4,
2003.
In 2002, a predecessor of Geismar Vinyls Company,
LP issued a $117 promissory note to Gulf United Investments
Corporation. The loan accrued interest at the prime rate and was
repaid in full in July 2003.
In December 2002, the Company acquired an idled
vinyls facility in Geismar, Louisiana for $5,000 in cash. In
addition, contingent payments equal to a percentage of EBITDA
during the first two years of operations, not to exceed $4,000,
are to be paid by the Company. As of December 31, 2002, the
acquired assets are consolidated in the accompanying financial
statements. The EDC portion of the Geismar facility began
production in the fourth quarter of 2003. The EDC is used
internally for production of VCM at Calvert City. The Company
plans to operate the remainder of the Geismar facility when
market conditions support utilization of the additional capacity.
14. Other Income,
net
Other income, net consists of the following for
the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003:
The Company is subject to environmental laws and
regulations that can impose civil and criminal sanctions and
that may require it to remove or mitigate the effects of the
disposal or release of chemical substances at various sites.
Under some of these laws and regulations, a current or previous
owner or operator of property may be held liable for the costs
of removal or remediation of hazardous substances on, under, or
in its property, without regard to whether the owner or operator
knew of, or caused the presence of the contaminants, and
regardless of whether the practices that resulted in the
contamination were legal at the time they occurred. Because
several of the Companys production sites have a history of
industrial use, it is impossible to predict precisely what
effect these laws and regulations will have on the Company in
the future. As is typical for chemical businesses, soil and
groundwater contamination has occurred in the past at some of
the Companys sites and might occur or be discovered at
other sites in the future. The Company has typically conducted
extensive soil and groundwater assessments either prior to
acquisitions or in connection with subsequent permitting
requirements. The Companys investigations have
F-41
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
not revealed any contamination caused by the
Companys operations that would likely require the Company
to incur material long-term remediation efforts and associated
liabilities.
Calvert City.
In
connection with the 1990 and 1997 acquisitions of the Goodrich
Corporation chemical manufacturing complex in Calvert City,
Goodrich agreed to indemnify the Company for any liabilities
related to pre-existing contamination at the site. In addition,
the Company agreed to indemnify Goodrich for contamination
attributable to the ownership, use or operation of the plant
after the closing date. The soil and groundwater at the
manufacturing complex, which does not include the PVC facility
in Calvert City, had been extensively contaminated by
Goodrichs operations. In 1993, the Geon Corporation was
spun off from Goodrich, and Geon assumed the responsibility to
operate the site-wide remediation system and the indemnification
obligations for any liabilities arising from pre-existing
contamination at the site. Subsequently, Geons name was
changed to PolyOne. Part of the former Goodrich facility, which
the Company did not acquire and on which it does not operate and
that it believes is still owned by either Goodrich or PolyOne,
is listed on the National Priorities List under the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act, or CERCLA. The investigation and remediation of
contamination at the Companys manufacturing complex is
currently being coordinated by PolyOne.
Given the scope and extent of the underlying
contamination at the Companys manufacturing complex, the
remediation will likely take a number of years. The costs
incurred to treat contaminated groundwater collected from
beneath the site were $2,560 in 2003, and the Company
expects this level of expenditures to continue for the life of
the remediation. For the past three years, PolyOne has suggested
that the Companys actions after its acquisition of the
complex have contributed to or otherwise exacerbated the
contamination at the site. The Company has denied those
allegations and has retained technical experts to evaluate its
position. Goodrich has also asserted claims similar to those of
PolyOne. In addition, Goodrich has asserted that the Company is
responsible for a portion of the ongoing costs of treating
contaminated groundwater being pumped from beneath the site and,
since May 2003, has withheld payment of 45% of the costs that
the Company incurs to operate Goodrichs pollution control
equipment located on the property. The Company met with Goodrich
representatives in July and August of 2003 to discuss
Goodrichs assertions.
In October 2003, the Company filed suit against
Goodrich in the United States District Court for the Western
District of Kentucky for unpaid invoices related to the
groundwater treatment, which totaled approximately $600 as of
December 31, 2003. Goodrich has filed an answer and
counterclaim in which it alleges that the Company is responsible
for contamination at the facility. The Company has denied those
allegations and has filed a motion to dismiss Goodrichs
counterclaim. The court has recently ruled on the Companys
motion to dismiss and has dismissed part of Goodrichs
counterclaim while retaining the remainder. Goodrich also filed
a third-party complaint against PolyOne, which in turn has filed
motions to dismiss, counterclaims against Goodrich and
third-party claims against the Company. On April 28, 2004,
the parties agreed on discovery procedures.
In addition, the Company has intervened in
administrative proceedings in Kentucky in which both Goodrich
and PolyOne are seeking to shift Goodrichs cleanup
responsibilities under its Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, or RCRA, permit to other parties, including the Company.
Those proceedings are currently in mediation.
In January 2004, the State of Kentucky notified
the Company by letter that, due to the ownership of a closed
landfill (known as Pond 4) at the manufacturing complex,
the Company would be required to submit a post-closure permit
application under RCRA. This could require the Company to bear
the responsibility and cost of performing remediation work on
the pond and solid waste management units and areas of concern
located on property adjacent to the pond that is owned by the
Company. The Company acquired Pond 4 from Goodrich in 1997 as
part of the acquisition of other facilities. Under the contract,
F-42
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
the Company has the right to require Goodrich to
retake title to Pond 4 in the event that ownership of Pond 4
requires the Company to be added to Goodrichs permit
associated with the facility clean-up issued under RCRA. The
Company believes that the letter sent by the State of Kentucky
triggers the right to tender ownership of Pond 4 back to
Goodrich. The Company has notified Goodrich of its obligation to
accept ownership and has tendered title to Pond 4 back to
Goodrich. The Company has also filed an appeal with the State of
Kentucky regarding its letter. Goodrich and PolyOne have both
filed motions to intervene in this appeal.
None of the parties involved in the proceedings
relating to the disputes with Goodrich and PolyOne and the State
of Kentucky described above has formally quantified the amount
of monetary relief that they are seeking from the Company
(except Goodrich, which is withholding 45% of the groundwater
treatment costs that are being charged to them), nor has the
court or the State of Kentucky proposed or established an
allocation of the costs of remediation among the various
participants. As of December 31, 2003, the aggregate amount
withheld by Goodrich was approximately $600. Any monetary
liabilities that the Company might incur with respect to the
remediation of contamination at the manufacturing complex in
Calvert City would likely be spread out over an extended period.
While the Company has denied responsibility for any such
remediation costs and is actively defending its position, the
Company is not in a position at this time to state what effect,
if any, these proceedings could have on the Companys
financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
In March and June 2002, the EPAs National
Enforcement Investigations Center, or NEIC, conducted an
environmental investigation of the Companys manufacturing
complex in Calvert City consisting of the ethylene dichloride
(EDC)/ vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), ethylene and chlor-alkali
plants. In May 2003, the Company received a report prepared by
the NEIC summarizing the results of that investigation. Among
other things, the NEIC concluded that the requirements of
several regulatory provisions had not been met. The Company has
analyzed the NEIC report and has identified areas where it
believes that erroneous factual or legal conclusions, or both,
may have been drawn by the NEIC. The Company has held a number
of discussions with the EPA concerning its conclusions. In
February 2004, representatives of the EPA orally informed the
Company that the agency proposed to assess monetary penalties
against it and to require it to implement certain injunctive
relief to ensure compliance. In addition, the EPAs
representatives informed the Company that the EPA, the NEIC and
the State of Kentucky would conduct an inspection of its PVC
facility in Calvert City, which is separate from the
manufacturing complex and was not visited during the 2002
inspection. That additional inspection took place in late
February 2004. The Company has not yet received a written report
from the agencies regarding the actions that they propose to
take in response to that visit. The EPA has recently submitted
to the Company an information request under Section 114 of
the Clean Air Act and has issued a Notice of Violation, both
pertaining to the inspection of the EDC/ VCM plant. The Notice
of Violation does not propose any specific penalties. The EPA
has also issued to the Company information requests under
Section 3007 of RCRA and Section 114 of the Clean Air
Act regarding the PVC plant inspection. It is likely that
monetary penalties will be imposed, that capital expenditures
for installation of environmental controls will be required, or
that other relief will be sought, or all or some combination of
the preceding, by either the EPA or the State of Kentucky as a
result of the environmental investigations in Calvert City. In
such case, the Company expects that, based on the EPAs
past practices, the amount of any monetary penalties would be
reduced by a percentage of the expenditures that the Company
would agree to make for certain supplemental environmental
projects. The Company is not in a position at this time to
state what effect, if any, these proceedings could have on the
Companys financial condition, results of operations, or
cash flows. However, the Company has recorded an accrual for a
probable loss related to monetary penalties. Although the
ultimate amount of liability is not ascertainable, the Company
believes that any amounts exceeding the recorded accruals should
not materially affect the Companys financial
F-43
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
condition. It is possible, however, that the
ultimate resolution of this matter could result in a material
adverse effect on the Companys results of operations for a
particular reporting period.
In connection with the purchase of the
Companys Calvert City facilities in 1997, it acquired 10
barges that it uses to transport chemicals on the Mississippi,
Ohio and Illinois Rivers. In April 1999, the U.S. Coast
Guard issued a forfeiture order permanently barring the use of
the Companys barges in coastwise trade due to an alleged
violation of a federal statute regarding the citizenship of the
purchaser. The Company appealed the forfeiture order with the
Coast Guard and, in June 1999, it filed suit in the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit seeking a
stay of the order pending resolution of the Coast Guard appeal.
The D.C. Circuit granted the stay and the Company is able
to use the barges pending resolution of its appeal with the
Coast Guard. In October 2003, the Coast Guard issued notice that
it would not change its regulations. As a result, the Company is
now seeking legislative relief through a private bill from the
U.S. Congress, and the Coast Guard has stated that it will
not oppose such efforts. The D.C. Circuit is holding
further proceedings in abeyance pending the outcome of those
efforts. The Company does not believe that the ultimate outcome
of this matter will have a material adverse effect on the
Companys business, although there can be no assurance in
this regard.
In October 2003, the Company filed suit against
CITGO Petroleum Corporation in state court in Lake Charles,
Louisiana, asserting that CITGO had failed to take sufficient
hydrogen under two successive contracts pursuant to which the
Company supplied and the Company supplies to CITGO hydrogen that
the Company generates as a co-product in its ethylene plants in
Lake Charles. In December 2003, CITGO responded with an answer
and a counterclaim against the Company, asserting that CITGO had
overpaid the Company for hydrogen due to a faulty sales meter
and that the Company is obligated to reimburse CITGO for the
overpayments. In January 2004, the Company filed a motion to
compel arbitration of CITGOs counterclaim and to stay all
court proceedings relating to the counterclaim. In May 2004, the
parties filed a joint motion with the court to provide for
CITGOs counterclaim to be resolved by arbitration. The
Companys claim against CITGO is approximately $8,100 plus
interest at the prime rate plus two percentage points and
attorneys fees. CITGOs claim against the Company is
approximately $7,800 plus interest at the prime rate plus two
percentage points and attorneys fees. The parties held a
mediation conference in April 2004 at which they agreed to
conduct further discovery with a view towards holding another
mediation conference to attempt to settle their disputes. The
Company can offer no assurance that a settlement can be
achieved, and it is vigorously pursuing its claim against CITGO
and its defense of CITGOs counterclaim. The Company has
not recorded any liabilities related to these claims and
counterclaims because the amount of loss, if any, cannot be
reasonably estimated.
In December 2003, the Company was served with a
petition as a defendant in a suit in state court in Denver,
Colorado, brought by International
Window Colorado, Inc., or IWC, against several
other parties. As the suit relates to the Company, IWC claims
that the Company breached an exclusive license agreement by
supplying window-profiles products into a restricted territory
and that the Company improperly assisted a competitor of IWC,
resulting in lost profits to IWC and a collapse of IWCs
business. IWC has claimed damages of approximately $5,400. The
case is in the early discovery phase. The Company is vigorously
defending its position in this case and is unable to determine
the probability of loss related to this claim.
The Company is involved in various other legal
proceedings in the ordinary course of business. In
managements opinion, none of these other proceedings will
have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows.
F-44
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In 2003, the Company received and recognized in
income $3,162 resulting from a legal settlement with a software
vendor. In January 2004, the Company received and recognized in
income $1,529 relating to a lawsuit filed by Taita Chemical
Corp. in which the Company prevailed. This amount was awarded as
a reimbursement of attorney fees incurred by the Company.
The Company is obligated under various long-term
and short-term noncancelable operating leases. Several of the
leases provide for renewal terms. At December 31, 2003,
future minimum lease commitments were as follows:
Rental expense, net of railcar mileage credits,
was approximately $19,990, $18,079, and $17,530 for the years
ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.
In addition, in 1996 a subsidiary of the Company
entered into an agreement with BP Chemical Ltd. to license
technology used to produce LLDPE and HDPE. Under the agreement
the Company makes annual payments to BP Chemical Ltd. of $3,140
through May 2007. As of December 31, 2002 and 2003, the net
present value of these payments was $13,119 and $10,896, of
which $10,896 and $8,488 is classified as other long-term
liabilities and $2,223 and $2,408 is classified as accrued
expenses, respectively.
The Company has various purchase commitments for
materials, supplies and services incident to the ordinary
conduct of business. Such commitments are at prices not in
excess of market prices. Certain feedstock purchase commitments
require taking delivery of minimum volumes at market-determined
prices.
The Company operates in two principal business
segments: Olefins and Vinyls. These segments are strategic
business units that offer a variety of different products. The
Company manages each segment separately as each business
requires different technology and marketing strategies.
The Companys Olefins segment manufactures
and markets ethylene, polyethylene, styrene monomer and various
ethylene co-products. The majority of the Companys
ethylene production is used in the Companys polyethylene,
styrene and VCM operations. The remainder of ethylene is sold to
third parties. In addition, the Company sells its ethylene
co-products to third parties. The Companys primary
ethylene co-products are propylene, crude butadiene and hydrogen.
The majority of sales in the Companys
Olefins business are made under long-term agreements. Contract
volumes are established within a range. The terms of these
contracts are fixed for a period (typically more than one year),
although earlier terminations may occur if the parties fail to
agree on price and deliveries are suspended for a period of
several months. In most cases, these contracts also
F-45
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
contemplate extension of the term unless
specifically terminated by one of the parties. No single
external Olefins customer accounted for more than 10% of segment
net sales during 2003, 2002 or 2001.
The Companys Vinyls business manufactures
and markets PVC, VCM, chlorine, caustic soda and ethylene. The
Company also manufactures and sells products fabricated from the
PVC that the Company produces, including pipe, window and patio
door profile and fence. The Companys main manufacturing
complex is located in Calvert City, Kentucky. It includes an
ethylene plant, a chlor-alkali plant, a VCM plant and a PVC
plant. The Company also owns a 43% interest in a PVC joint
venture in China. As discussed in note 13, in 2002, the
Company acquired a PVC and VCM manufacturing facility in
Geismar, Louisiana.
The Company uses a majority of its chlorine, VCM
and PVC production to manufacture fabricated products at the
Companys eleven regional plants. The remainder of the VCM
production is sold pursuant to a contract that requires the
Company to supply a minimum of 400 million pounds of VCM
per year. During 2001, 2002 and 2003, one customer accounted for
15.2%, 17.5%, and 18.9%, respectively, of net sales in the
Vinyls segment.
F-46
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The accounting policies of the individual
segments are the same as those described in note 1.
F-47
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
A reconciliation of total segment income (loss)
from operations to consolidated income (loss) before taxes and
minority interest is as follows:
The Companys payment obligations under its
8 3/4% senior notes, senior collateralized term loan
and senior collateralized working capital revolving credit
facility are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by each of its
current and future domestic restricted subsidiaries (the
Guarantor Subsidiaries). Each Guarantor Subsidiary
is 100% owned by the parent company. These guarantees are the
joint and several obligations of the Guarantor Subsidiaries. The
following condensed consolidating financial information presents
the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of
WCC, the Guarantor Subsidiaries and the remaining subsidiaries
that do not guarantee the notes (the Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries), together with consolidating adjustments
necessary to present the Companys results on a
consolidated basis.
F-48
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
as of December 31, 2002
F-49
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
as of December 31, 2003
F-50
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
for the Year Ended December 31, 2001
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
for the Year Ended December 31, 2002
F-51
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
for the Year Ended December 31, 2003
F-52
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
for the Year Ended December 31, 2001
F-53
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
for the Year Ended December 31, 2002
F-54
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
for the Year Ended December 31, 2003
F-55
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
F-56
Efficient Modern Asset Base
Lake Charles, Louisiana
Calvert City, Kentucky
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2003
2004
(In thousands of dollars, except
share and per share data)
$
698,557
$
850,253
632,686
729,917
65,871
120,336
32,373
26,196
932
1,314
32,566
92,826
(17,450
)
(22,117
)
6,309
(1,356
)
21,425
69,353
7,972
24,274
$
13,453
$
45,079
$
0.27
$
0.91
49,499,395
49,499,395
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2003
2004
(In thousands of dollars)
$
13,453
$
45,079
44,212
41,738
2,930
(314
)
1,106
(2,824
)
(167
)
932
1,314
7,511
22,497
(817
)
(711
)
(21,175
)
(19,414
)
(37,363
)
(52,167
)
7,286
(3,926
)
8,806
1,626
9,242
2,452
(6,998
)
(128
)
11,742
(6,094
)
25,195
38,985
(18,977
)
(19,396
)
3,257
1,006
(15,720
)
(18,390
)
125,500
(136,500
)
(600
)
(11,000
)
(600
)
(1,525
)
19,995
11,123
37,381
$
9,598
$
57,376
1.
Basis of Financial Statements
2.
Accounts Receivable
December 31,
June 30,
2003
2004
$
177,396
$
196,105
1,264
989
(6,901
)
(6,323
)
171,759
190,771
1,129
2
5,745
7,588
$
178,633
$
198,361
3.
Inventories
December 31,
June 30,
2003
2004
$
107,928
$
132,269
56,281
83,650
24,840
25,454
189,049
241,373
(8,289
)
(8,446
)
$
180,760
$
232,927
4.
Property, Plant and Equipment
5.
Other Assets
6.
Derivative Commodity Instruments
7.
Pension and Post Retirement Benefits
Six Months Ended June 30,
Pension Benefits
Other Benefits
2003
2004
2003
2004
$
415
$
517
$
200
$
204
764
810
200
209
(629
)
(704
)
56
57
162
112
134
134
67
130
100
108
$
779
$
865
$
690
$
712
8.
Commitments and Contingencies
Environmental Matters
Legal Matters
9.
Segment Information
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2003
2004
$
230,738
$
259,706
201,350
271,369
432,088
531,075
127,728
164,600
138,741
154,578
266,469
319,178
$
698,557
$
850,253
$
18,547
$
25,681
315
229
$
18,862
$
25,910
$
27,354
$
69,470
8,921
24,796
(3,709
)
(1,440
)
$
32,566
$
92,826
$
11,196
$
5,464
7,730
13,582
51
350
$
18,977
$
19,396
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2003
2004
$
32,566
$
92,826
(17,450
)
(22,117
)
6,309
(1,356
)
$
21,425
$
69,353
10.
Comprehensive Income Information
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2003
2004
(In thousands of
dollars)
$
13,453
$
45,079
1,413
(251
)
$
14,866
$
44,828
11.
Long-Term Debt
December 31,
June 30,
2003
2004
$
380,000
$
380,000
119,400
118,800
27,000
27,000
10,889
10,889
537,289
536,689
(28,200
)
(28,200
)
$
509,089
$
508,489
12.
Subsequent Event
13.
Guarantor Disclosures
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
32,101
$
44
$
5,236
$
$
37,381
486,745
176,583
7,566
(492,261
)
178,633
176,337
4,423
180,760
118
6,949
927
7,994
8,079
8,079
527,043
359,913
18,152
(492,261
)
412,847
873,240
6,448
879,688
732,954
17,101
(732,954
)
17,101
88,115
39,567
7,075
(74,280
)
60,477
$
1,348,112
$
1,272,720
$
48,776
$
(1,299,495
)
$
1,370,113
$
10,403
$
82,874
$
127
$
$
93,404
30,106
59,113
4,324
(15
)
93,528
28,200
28,200
68,709
141,987
4,451
(15
)
215,132
498,200
577,426
(8
)
(566,529
)
509,089
135,409
1,115
136,524
11,680
29,985
41,665
22,100
22,100
612,014
523,322
43,218
(732,951
)
445,603
$
1,348,112
$
1,272,720
$
48,776
$
(1,299,495
)
$
1,370,113
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
53,200
$
79
$
4,097
$
$
57,376
451,630
195,647
6,227
(455,143
)
198,361
228,131
4,796
232,927
10
10,645
1,265
11,920
8,079
8,079
512,919
434,502
16,385
(455,143
)
508,663
66
851,709
8,265
860,040
732,986
15,300
17,812
(748,286
)
17,812
87,260
35,981
6,436
(74,283
)
55,394
$
1,333,231
$
1,337,492
$
48,898
$
(1,277,712
)
$
1,441,909
$
7,610
$
86,892
$
528
$
$
95,030
30,689
62,493
2,891
(93
)
95,980
28,200
28,200
66,499
149,385
3,419
(93
)
219,210
497,600
535,135
5,090
(529,336
)
508,489
158,822
199
159,021
13,057
29,601
42,658
22,100
22,100
575,153
623,371
40,190
(748,283
)
490,431
$
1,333,231
$
1,337,492
$
48,898
$
(1,277,712
)
$
1,441,909
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
$
689,319
$
12,563
$
(3,325
)
$
698,557
625,240
10,771
(3,325
)
632,686
64,079
1,792
65,871
3,261
28,079
1,033
32,373
932
932
(3,261
)
35,068
759
32,566
(5,999
)
(11,446
)
(5
)
(17,450
)
(56
)
5,716
649
6,309
(9,316
)
29,338
1,403
21,425
(3,458
)
11,207
223
7,972
$
(5,858
)
$
18,131
$
1,180
$
$
13,453
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
$
839,138
$
14,049
$
(2,934
)
$
850,253
721,052
11,799
(2,934
)
729,917
118,086
2,250
120,336
879
24,072
1,245
26,196
1,314
1,314
(879
)
92,700
1,005
92,826
(9,993
)
(12,124
)
(22,117
)
112
(2,376
)
908
(1,356
)
(10,760
)
78,200
1,913
69,353
(4,077
)
28,707
(356
)
24,274
$
(6,683
)
$
49,493
$
2,269
$
$
45,079
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
(5,858
)
$
18,131
$
1,180
$
$
13,453
2,203
40,878
1,131
44,212
2,930
2,930
(2,761
)
(63
)
(2,824
)
932
932
(3,122
)
10,633
7,511
(817
)
(817
)
(10,661
)
(28,437
)
(1,104
)
(40,202
)
(17,438
)
42,306
327
25,195
(18,474
)
(503
)
(18,977
)
3,257
3,257
(15,217
)
(503
)
(15,720
)
27,593
(26,890
)
(703
)
125,500
125,500
(136,500
)
(136,500
)
16,593
(26,890
)
(703
)
(11,000
)
(845
)
199
(879
)
(1,525
)
7,949
424
2,750
11,123
$
7,104
$
623
$
1,871
$
$
9,598
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
(6,683
)
$
49,493
$
2,269
$
$
45,079
1,106
40,681
1,057
42,844
(314
)
(314
)
(167
)
(167
)
1,314
1,314
(3,796
)
27,209
(916
)
22,497
(711
)
(711
)
(4,349
)
(67,712
)
504
(71,557
)
(13,722
)
50,504
2,203
38,985
(16,308
)
(3,088
)
(19,396
)
1,006
1,006
(15,302
)
(3,088
)
(18,390
)
35,421
(35,167
)
(254
)
(600
)
(600
)
34,821
(35,167
)
(254
)
(600
)
21,099
35
(1,139
)
19,995
32,101
44
5,236
37,381
$
53,200
$
79
$
4,097
$
$
57,376
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Year Ended December 31,
2001
2002
2003
(In thousands of dollars,
except per share data)
$
1,087,033
$
1,072,627
$
1,423,034
1,116,954
992,058
1,301,082
(29,921
)
80,569
121,952
53,203
64,258
57,014
(3,162
)
7,677
2,239
2,285
(90,801
)
14,072
65,815
(35,454
)
(35,044
)
(38,589
)
(11,343
)
8,916
6,769
7,620
(117,339
)
(14,203
)
23,503
(45,353
)
(7,141
)
8,747
$
(71,986
)
$
(7,062
)
$
14,756
$
(1.45
)
$
(0.14
)
$
0.30
49,499,395
49,499,395
49,499,395
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
(Loss)
Common Stock
Minimum
Cumulative
Additional
Pension
Foreign
Preferred
Number of
Paid-In
Retained
Liability
Currency
Stock
Shares
Amount
Capital
Earnings
Net of Tax
Translation
Total
(In thousands of dollars, except for per share data)
$
12,000
49,499,395
$
495
$
199,011
$
293,638
$
$
(941
)
$
504,203
(71,986
)
(71,986
)
(671
)
(794
)
(1,465
)
(73,451
)
12,000
49,499,395
495
199,011
221,652
(671
)
(1,735
)
430,752
(7,062
)
(7,062
)
(1,335
)
164
(1,171
)
(8,233
)
6,000
6,000
12,000
49,499,395
495
205,011
214,590
(2,006
)
(1,571
)
428,519
14,756
14,756
459
1,869
2,328
17,084
$
12,000
49,499,395
$
495
$
205,011
$
229,346
$
(1,547
)
$
298
$
445,603
Year Ended December 31,
2001
2002
2003
(In thousands of dollars)
$
(71,986
)
$
(7,062
)
$
14,756
81,690
88,018
87,293
3,817
10,379
1,872
887
(2,259
)
(2,903
)
7,343
7,677
2,239
2,285
(45,779
)
(4,716
)
7,112
(1,138
)
(770
)
(1,510
)
29,653
(54,196
)
(57,270
)
77,007
(42,639
)
(9,894
)
491
(11,884
)
6,303
(29,915
)
14,475
25,197
(14,627
)
(1,650
)
25,828
(10,520
)
(11,261
)
(29,212
)
98,356
(14,264
)
63,331
26,370
(21,326
)
78,087
(76,500
)
(43,587
)
(44,931
)
4,901
3,350
(76,500
)
(38,686
)
(41,581
)
2,400
6,000
3,388
32
(2,213
)
(370
)
240,335
113,890
723,975
(125,039
)
(119,648
)
(719,783
)
(9,377
)
(14,102
)
117,696
(7,960
)
(10,248
)
67,566
(67,972
)
26,258
11,529
79,095
11,123
$
79,095
$
11,123
$
37,381
$
39,320
$
32,077
$
20,849
2,723
95
566
1.
Description of Business and Significant
Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Inventories
Property, Plant and Equipment
Classification
Years
25
25
3-7
Impairment of Long-Lived
Assets
Impairment of Intangible
Assets
Turnaround Costs
Exchanges
Income Taxes
Foreign Currency Translation
Concentration of Credit Risk
Revenue Recognition
Earnings Per Share
Price Risk Management
Environmental Costs
Transfers of Financial Assets
Other
Reclassifications
Fair Value of Financial
Instruments
Use of Estimates
Recent Accounting
Pronouncements
2.
Accounts Receivable
2002
2003
$
51,924
$
177,396
80,623
1,264
(13,382
)
(6,901
)
119,165
171,759
1,235
1,129
2,835
5,745
$
123,235
$
178,633
3.
Westlake AR Corporation
4.
Inventories
2002
2003
$
103,646
$
107,928
49,534
56,281
26,428
24,840
179,608
189,049
(8,742
)
(8,289
)
$
170,866
$
180,760
5.
Property, Plant and Equipment
2002
2003
$
11,050
$
11,159
71,568
75,126
1,294,615
1,315,163
76,223
79,084
1,453,456
1,480,532
(561,507
)
(630,726
)
891,949
849,806
18,925
29,882
$
910,874
$
879,688
6.
Other Assets
December 31, 2002
December 31, 2003
Weighted
Accumulated
Accumulated
Average
Cost
Amortization
Net
Cost
Amortization
Net
Life
$
37,738
$
(17,458
)
$
20,280
$
42,618
$
(20,904
)
$
21,714
13
21,141
(11,172
)
9,969
14,102
(887
)
13,215
7
16,229
(10,648
)
5,581
23,409
(7,875
)
15,534
4
8,659
(6,664
)
1,995
5,191
(2,681
)
2,510
3
83,767
(45,942
)
37,825
85,320
(32,347
)
52,973
7,150
7,150
6,292
6,292
1,833
1,833
1,212
1,212
$
92,750
$
(45,942
)
$
46,808
$
92,824
$
(32,347
)
$
60,477
7.
Long-Term Debt
2002
2003
$
$
380,000
172,500
113,957
119,400
58,750
150,000
27,000
27,000
10,889
10,889
254
533,350
537,289
(41,673
)
(28,200
)
$
491,677
$
509,089
repay in full all outstanding amounts under its
then-existing revolving credit facility, term loan and the
Series A and Series B notes, including accrued and
unpaid interest, fees and a $4,000 make-whole premium to the
noteholders; and
provide $2,428 in cash collateral for outstanding
letter of credit obligations of $2,208.
$380,000 in aggregate principal amount of
8 3/4% senior notes due 2011;
$120,000 senior collateralized term loan due in
2010; and
$21,000 in borrowings under a new $200,000 senior
collateralized working capital revolving credit facility due in
2007.
$
28,200
1,200
1,200
1,200
1,200
504,289
$
537,289
8.
Stockholders Equity
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
9.
Derivative Commodity Instruments and Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
December 31, 2002
December 31, 2003
Carrying
Fair
Carrying
Fair
Value
Value
Value
Value
$
(326
)
$
(326
)
$
2,675
$
2,675
122
122
185
185
243
243
$
$
$
380,000
$
416,100
10.
Income Taxes
2001
2002
2003
$
(120,782
)
$
(17,191
)
$
19,744
3,443
2,988
3,759
$
(117,339
)
$
(14,203
)
$
23,503
2001
2002
2003
$
$
$
642
426
(2,425
)
163
830
426
(2,425
)
1,635
(43,491
)
(5,385
)
6,602
(2,288
)
(283
)
347
952
163
(45,779
)
(4,716
)
7,112
$
(45,353
)
$
(7,141
)
$
8,747
2001
2002
2003
$
(41,069
)
$
(4,971
)
$
8,226
(1,525
)
(185
)
306
952
993
(1,150
)
(1,105
)
(1,391
)
596
(808
)
(2,206
)
(801
)
(222
)
613
$
(45,353
)
$
(7,141
)
$
8,747
2002
2003
$
28,537
$
28,537
95,395
89,065
1,125
1,125
8,007
7,431
6,365
2,617
3,331
3,008
142,760
131,783
(262,185
)
(258,764
)
(1,464
)
(2,816
)
(265,001
)
(260,228
)
$
(122,241
)
$
(128,445
)
11.
Employee Benefits
Pension Benefits
Other Benefits
2001
2002
2003
2001
2002
2003
$
19,386
$
20,492
$
21,689
$
18,071
$
18,155
$
21,396
845
807
830
411
403
401
1,299
1,385
1,529
467
446
398
(618
)
(424
)
3,937
(118
)
648
(2,456
)
(420
)
(571
)
(643
)
(676
)
(569
)
(669
)
2,313
20,492
21,689
27,342
18,155
21,396
19,070
12,461
12,070
13,074
(742
)
(550
)
2,387
771
2,125
2,415
676
569
669
(420
)
(571
)
(643
)
(676
)
(569
)
(669
)
12,070
13,074
17,233
Pension Benefits
Other Benefits
2001
2002
2003
2001
2002
2003
(8,422
)
(8,615
)
(10,109
)
(18,155
)
(21,396
)
(19,070
)
1,562
2,729
5,403
6,221
6,408
3,751
1,139
1,025
911
876
549
223
379
2,426
2,160
$
(5,984
)
$
(5,337
)
$
(4,483
)
$
(10,416
)
$
(11,537
)
$
(12,248
)
$
(7,326
)
$
(7,790
)
$
(7,161
)
$
(10,416
)
$
(11,537
)
$
(12,248
)
671
447
223
671
2,006
2,455
$
(5,984
)
$
(5,337
)
$
(4,483
)
$
(10,416
)
$
(11,537
)
$
(12,248
)
$
845
$
807
$
830
$
411
$
403
$
401
1,299
1,385
1,529
467
446
398
(1,126
)
(1,121
)
(1,258
)
330
406
459
665
840
581
$
1,348
$
1,477
$
1,560
$
1,543
$
1,689
$
1,380
7.0
%
7.0
%
6.0
%
5.5
%
5.5
%
5.0
%
9.0
%
9.0
%
8.0
%
4.5
%
4.5
%
5.0
%
Pension Benefit
Pension Benefit
Salaried
Wage
2001
2002
2003
2001
2002
2003
1
%
1
%
1
%
1
%
2
%
1
%
45
%
48
%
38
%
45
%
44
%
38
%
54
%
51
%
61
%
54
%
54
%
61
%
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%
100
%
Westlake Chemical Corporation 2004 Omnibus
Incentive Plan
12.
Related Party Transactions
13.
Acquisition
2001
2002
2003
$
2,627
$
2,204
$
1,389
1,755
1,978
1,123
2,878
1,965
2,961
(1,229
)
1,092
772
1,138
770
1,510
481
244
97
(800
)
(737
)
36
2,066
(747
)
(268
)
$
8,916
$
6,769
$
7,620
15.
Commitments and Contingencies
Environmental Matters
Legal Matters
Other Commitments
$
17,615
15,063
14,083
12,829
12,076
66,928
$
138,594
16.
Segment and Geographic Information
Segment Information
Year Ended December 31,
2001
2002
2003
$
336,717
$
351,399
$
481,662
294,977
247,636
395,306
631,694
599,035
876,968
220,112
241,308
263,518
235,227
232,284
282,548
455,339
473,592
546,066
$
1,087,033
$
1,072,627
$
1,423,034
$
34,009
$
28,459
$
34,665
503
753
$
34,009
$
28,962
$
35,418
$
(39,929
)
$
12,599
$
55,298
(32,857
)
10,482
13,583
(18,015
)
(9,009
)
(3,066
)
$
(90,801
)
$
14,072
$
65,815
$
20,471
$
21,098
$
23,457
53,302
22,036
21,182
2,727
453
292
$
76,500
$
43,587
$
44,931
December 31,
2002
2003
$
886,764
$
898,865
355,684
380,726
66,797
90,522
$
1,309,245
$
1,370,113
Year Ended December 31,
2001
2002
2003
$
(90,801
)
$
14,072
$
65,815
(35,454
)
(35,044
)
(38,589
)
(11,343
)
8,916
6,769
7,620
$
(117,339
)
$
(14,203
)
$
23,503
Geographic Information
Year Ended December 31,
2001
2002
2003
$
955,450
$
916,386
$
1,226,008
130,885
153,798
196,255
698
2,443
771
$
1,087,033
$
1,072,627
$
1,423,034
$
939,413
$
905,551
$
873,240
5,306
5,323
6,448
$
944,719
$
910,874
$
879,688
(a)
Revenues are attributed to countries based on
location of customer.
17.
Guarantor Disclosures
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
7,949
$
424
$
2,750
$
$
11,123
470,269
136,945
6,582
(490,561
)
123,235
167,310
3,556
170,866
412
13,758
127
14,297
17,052
17,052
495,682
318,437
13,015
(490,561
)
336,573
905,551
5,323
910,874
728,047
14,990
(728,047
)
14,990
151,964
28,789
8,103
(142,048
)
46,808
$
1,375,693
$
1,252,777
$
41,431
$
(1,360,656
)
$
1,309,245
$
$
67,894
$
313
$
$
68,207
19,364
46,037
2,299
67,700
41,673
41,673
61,037
113,931
2,612
177,580
480,535
643,506
245
(632,609
)
491,677
138,341
952
139,293
16,381
33,695
50,076
22,100
22,100
657,299
461,645
37,622
(728,047
)
428,519
$
1,375,693
$
1,252,777
$
41,431
$
(1,360,656
)
$
1,309,245
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
32,101
$
44
$
5,236
$
$
37,381
486,745
176,583
7,566
(492,261
)
178,633
176,337
4,423
180,760
118
6,949
927
7,994
8,079
8,079
527,043
359,913
18,152
(492,261
)
412,847
873,240
6,448
879,688
732,954
17,101
(732,954
)
17,101
88,115
39,567
7,075
(74,280
)
60,477
$
1,348,112
$
1,272,720
$
48,776
$
(1,299,495
)
$
1,370,113
$
10,403
$
82,874
$
127
$
$
93,404
30,106
59,113
4,324
(15
)
93,528
28,200
28,200
68,709
141,987
4,451
(15
)
215,132
498,200
577,426
(8
)
(566,529
)
509,089
135,409
1,115
136,524
11,680
29,985
41,665
22,100
22,100
612,014
523,322
43,218
(732,951
)
445,603
$
1,348,112
$
1,272,720
$
48,776
$
(1,299,495
)
$
1,370,113
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
$
1,069,423
$
20,755
$
(3,145
)
$
1,087,033
1,103,247
16,852
(3,145
)
1,116,954
(33,824
)
3,903
(29,921
)
7,362
43,890
1,951
53,203
3,636
4,041
7,677
(10,998
)
(81,755
)
1,952
(90,801
)
(35,264
)
(60,516
)
(152
)
60,478
(35,454
)
63,300
4,643
1,451
(60,478
)
8,916
17,038
(137,628
)
3,251
(117,339
)
4,073
(50,424
)
998
(45,353
)
$
12,965
$
(87,204
)
$
2,253
$
$
(71,986
)
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
$
1,055,873
$
21,871
$
(5,117
)
$
1,072,627
979,852
17,323
(5,117
)
992,058
76,021
4,548
80,569
6,727
55,520
2,011
64,258
1,783
456
2,239
(6,727
)
18,718
2,081
14,072
(33,770
)
(14,499
)
(101
)
13,326
(35,044
)
13,980
3,931
2,184
(13,326
)
6,769
(26,517
)
8,150
4,164
(14,203
)
(5,882
)
(2,786
)
1,527
(7,141
)
$
(20,635
)
$
10,936
$
2,637
$
$
(7,062
)
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
$
1,401,441
$
27,548
$
(5,955
)
$
1,423,034
1,284,304
22,733
(5,955
)
1,301,082
117,137
4,815
121,952
1,647
53,150
2,217
57,014
(3,162
)
(3,162
)
2,285
2,285
(1,647
)
64,864
2,598
65,815
(37,445
)
(21,908
)
20,764
(38,589
)
9,463
5,453
2,125
(20,764
)
(3,723
)
(29,629
)
48,409
4,723
23,503
(10,639
)
18,018
1,368
8,747
$
(18,990
)
$
30,391
$
3,355
$
$
14,756
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
12,965
$
(87,204
)
$
2,253
$
$
(71,986
)
1,454
77,964
2,272
81,690
3,804
13
3,817
3,636
4,041
7,677
(385
)
(45,394
)
(45,779
)
(1,138
)
(1,138
)
23,596
31,097
(2,604
)
52,089
41,266
(15,692
)
796
26,370
(74,760
)
(1,740
)
(76,500
)
(74,760
)
(1,740
)
(76,500
)
(90,654
)
90,654
2,400
2,400
240,335
240,335
(125,039
)
(125,039
)
27,042
90,654
117,696
68,308
202
(944
)
67,566
7,616
3,913
11,529
$
75,924
$
202
$
2,969
$
$
79,095
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
(20,635
)
$
10,936
$
2,637
$
$
(7,062
)
3,135
82,686
2,197
88,018
10,379
10,379
(2,259
)
(2,259
)
1,783
456
2,239
(5,882
)
214
952
(4,716
)
(770
)
(770
)
(30,613
)
(75,374
)
(1,168
)
(107,155
)
(53,995
)
28,365
4,304
(21,326
)
(41,420
)
(2,167
)
(43,587
)
4,901
4,901
(36,519
)
(2,167
)
(38,686
)
(7,916
)
8,259
(343
)
6,000
6,000
3,271
117
3,388
(200
)
(2,013
)
(2,213
)
113,890
113,890
(119,648
)
(119,648
)
(9,377
)
(9,377
)
(13,980
)
8,376
(2,356
)
(7,960
)
(67,975
)
222
(219
)
(67,972
)
75,924
202
2,969
79,095
$
7,949
$
424
$
2,750
$
$
11,123
Westlake
Chemical
Guarantor
Non-Guarantor
Corporation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
Consolidated
$
(18,990
)
$
30,391
$
3,355
$
$
14,756
3,457
82,472
2,251
88,180
1,872
1,872
(2,903
)
(2,903
)
2,285
2,285
(10,636
)
17,941
(193
)
7,112
(1,510
)
(1,510
)
(7,323
)
(26,427
)
2,045
(31,705
)
(33,492
)
105,631
5,948
78,087
(42,425
)
(2,506
)
(44,931
)
3,350
3,350
(39,075
)
(2,506
)
(41,581
)
67,522
(66,819
)
(703
)
32
32
(117
)
(253
)
(370
)
723,975
723,975
(719,783
)
(719,783
)
(14,102
)
(14,102
)
57,644
(66,936
)
(956
)
(10,248
)
24,152
(380
)
2,486
26,258
7,949
424
2,750
11,123
$
32,101
$
44
$
5,236
$
$
37,381
18.
Quarterly Financial Information
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
June 30,
September 30,
December 31,
2002
2002
2002
2002
$
203,144
$
282,480
$
304,987
$
282,016
(9,732
)
16,037
52,189
16,765
(21,550
)
1,111
37,329
(2,818
)
(13,908
)
(1,607
)
13,038
(4,585
)
$
(0.28
)
$
(0.03
)
$
0.26
$
(0.09
)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
June 30,
September 30,
December 31,
2003
2003
2003
2003
$
380,573
$
317,984
$
358,598
$
365,879
44,839
21,034
20,436
35,643
25,853
6,713
8,334
24,915
12,876
577
(9,332
)
10,635
$
0.26
$
0.01
$
(0.19
)
$
0.21
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE
PROSPECTUS
The expenses to be paid in connection with the
issuance and distribution of the securities being registered,
other than underwriting discounts and commissions, are as
follows:
Delaware law permits a corporation to adopt a
provision in its certificate of incorporation eliminating or
limiting the personal liability of a director, but not an
officer in his or her capacity as such, to the corporation or
its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary
duty as a director, except that such provision shall not
eliminate or limit the liability of a director for (1) any
breach of the directors duty of loyalty to the corporation
or its stockholders, (2) acts or omissions not in good
faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing
violation of law, (3) liability under section 174 of
the Delaware General Corporation Law (the DGCL) for
unlawful payment of dividends or stock purchases or redemptions
or (4) any transaction from which the director derived an
improper personal benefit.
The amended and restated certificate of
incorporation of Westlake Chemical Corporation
(Westlake) provides that, to the fullest extent of
Delaware law, no Westlake director shall be liable to Westlake
or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary
duty as a director.
Under Delaware law, a corporation may indemnify
any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a
party to any type of proceeding, other than an action by or in
the right of the corporation, because he or she is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is
or was serving at the request of the corporation a director,
officer, employee or agent of another corporation or other
entity, against expenses, including attorneys fees,
judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and
reasonably incurred in connection with such proceeding if:
(1) he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best
interests of the corporation and (2) with respect to any
criminal proceeding, he or she had no reasonable cause to
believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. A corporation may
indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to
be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action
or suit brought by or in the right of the corporation because he
or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the
corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another
corporation or other entity, against expenses, including
attorneys fees, actually and reasonably incurred in
connection with such action or suit if he or she acted in good
faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or
not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except
that no indemnification will be made if the person is found
liable to the corporation unless, in such a case, the court
determines the person is nonetheless entitled to indemnification
for such expenses. A corporation must also indemnify a present
or former director or officer has been successful on the merits
or otherwise in defense of any
II-1
Under the DGCL, the termination of any proceeding
by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of
nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create
a presumption that a person did not act in good faith and in a
manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with
respect to any criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to
believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
Delaware law also provides that a corporation may
purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is
or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the
corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another
corporation or other entity, against any liability asserted
against and incurred by such person, whether or not the
corporation would have the power to indemnify such person
against such liability.
Westlakes restated certificate of
incorporation and bylaws authorize indemnification of any person
entitled to indemnity under law to the full extent permitted by
law.
On July 31, 2003, we issued
$380 million aggregate principal amount of
8 3/4% senior notes due 2011 to Credit Suisse First
Boston LLC, Banc of America Securities LLC, Deutsche Bank
Securities Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., Citigroup
Global Markets Inc., Scotia Capital (USA) Inc., Credit
Lyonnais Securities (USA) Inc. and CIBC World Markets
Corp., who were the initial purchasers of the senior notes. We
issued the senior notes to the initial purchasers in
transactions exempt from or not subject to registration under
the Securities Act, pursuant to Section 4(2) under the
Securities Act. The initial purchasers then offered and resold
the notes to qualified institutional buyers and
non-U.S. persons initially at 100.0% of the principal
amount. We exchanged the existing senior notes for new
registered senior notes with substantially identical terms in
January 2004.
(a) The following exhibits are filed as part
of this Registration Statement:
II-2
II-3
(b)
Financial Statement Schedule
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors
Our audits of the consolidated financial
statements referred to in our report dated May 24, 2004,
except for Note 1, as to which the date is August 7,
2004, included in this Registration Statement on Form S-1,
also included an audit of the financial statement schedule
included under Item 16 of this Registration Statement on
Form S-1. In our opinion, the financial statement schedule
presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set
forth therein when read in conjunction with the related
consolidated financial statements.
Houston, Texas
II-4
Item 13.
Other Expenses of Issuance and
Distribution
$
29,141
23,500
250,000
376,665
600,000
600,000
7,500
3,500
109,694
$
2,000,000
Item 14.
Indemnification of Directors and
Officers
Item 15.
Recent Sales of Unregistered
Securities
Item 16.
Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
Description
1
.1
Form of Underwriting Agreement.
3
.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
of Westlake.
3
.2
Bylaws of Westlake.
4
.1
Specimen Stock Certificate.
5
.1
Opinion of Baker Botts L.L.P.
10
.1**
Indenture dated as of July 31, 2003 by and
among Westlake, the guarantors named therein and JPMorgan Chase
Bank, as trustee, relating to 8 3/4% Senior Notes due
2011.
10
.2**
Form of 8 3/4% Senior Notes due 2011
(included in Exhibit 10.1).
Westlake is a party to other long-term debt
instruments not filed herewith under which the total amount of
securities authorized does not exceed 10% of the total assets of
Westlake and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Pursuant
to paragraph 4(iii)(A) of Item 601(b) of
Regulation S-K, Westlake agrees to furnish a copy of such
instruments to the SEC upon request.
Exhibit
Number
Description
10
.3**
Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003
(the Revolving Credit Agreement) by and among the
financial institutions party thereto, as lenders, Bank of
America, N.A., as agent, Westlake and certain of its domestic
subsidiaries, as borrowers relating to a $200 million
senior secured revolving credit facility.
10
.4**
Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003
by and among Westlake, as borrower, certain of its subsidiaries,
as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as agent and the lenders
party thereto relating to a $120 million senior secured
term loan.
10
.5**
Westlake Group Performance Unit Plan effective
January 1, 1991.
10
.6**
Agreement with Warren Wilder dated
December 10, 1999.
10
.7**
Amendment, Assignment and Acceptance Agreement
dated as of September 22, 2003 among Bank of America, N.A.,
the financial institutions party thereto, Westlake and certain
of its domestic subsidiaries, amending the Revolving Credit
Agreement.
10
.8*
Agreement with Ruth I. Dreessen dated
July 23, 2004.
10
.9**
EVA Incentive Plan.
10
.10***
Agreement with Stephen Wallace dated
November 5, 2003.
10
.11***
Second Amendment and Waiver, dated
February 24, 2004, to Revolving Credit Agreement.
10
.12*
Agreement with Wayne D. Morse effective
January 1, 2004.
10
.13*
Form of Registration Rights Agreement.
10
.14
Westlake Chemical Corporation 2004 Omnibus
Incentive Plan.
10
.15*
Third Amendment and Waiver, dated June 22,
2004, to Revolving Credit Agreement.
21
.1*
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23
.1
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
23
.2
Consent of Baker Botts L.L.P. (included in
Exhibit 5.1).
23
.3*
Consent of Max L. Lukens.
23
.4*
Consent of Robert T. Blakely.
23
.5*
Consent of Dr. Gilbert R. Whitaker, Jr.
23
.6*
Consent of Ruth I. Dreessen.
24
.1*
Powers of Attorney.
*
Previously filed.
**
Incorporated by reference to Westlakes
Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on
November 21, 2003 under Registration No. 333-108982.
***
Incorporated by reference to Westlakes
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003.
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Financial Statement Schedule
SCHEDULE II
Balance at
Balance at
Accounts Receivable
Beginning
Charged to
Additions/
End of
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
of Year
Expense
(Deductions)(1)
Year
$
2,031
$
3,817
$
(935
)
$
4,913
4,913
10,379
(1,910
)
13,382
13,382
1,872
(8,353
)
6,901
(1) | Accounts receivable written off during the period. |
Balance at | Balance at | |||||||||||||||
Inventory | Beginning | Charged to | Additions/ | End of | ||||||||||||
Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence | of Year | Expense | (Deductions)(1) | Year | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
2001
|
$ | 5,209 | $ | 5,122 | $ | (1,009 | ) | $ | 9,322 | |||||||
2002
|
9,322 | 1,287 | (1,867 | ) | 8,742 | |||||||||||
2003
|
8,742 | 1,206 | (1,659 | ) | 8,289 |
(1) | Inventory written off during the period. |
All other schedules are omitted, because the required information is inapplicable, or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.
II-5
Item 17. | Undertakings |
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. | |
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
II-6
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable
grounds to believe that it meets all requirements for filing on
Form S-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in Houston, Texas, on the 9th day of August,
2004.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the
following persons in the capacities indicated on August 9,
2004.
II-7
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
/s/ ALBERT CHAO
Albert Chao
President and Chief Executive
Officer
Signature
Title
/s/ ALBERT CHAO
Albert Chao
President, Chief Executive Officer and
Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ RUTH I. DREESSEN
Ruth I. Dreessen
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ GEORGE J. MANGIERI
George J. Mangieri
Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
*
James Chao
Chairman of the Board
*
Dorothy C. Jenkins
Director
*By:
/s/ ALBERT CHAO
Albert Chao
Attorney-in-Fact
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
Description
1
.1
Form of Underwriting Agreement.
3
.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
of Westlake.
3
.2
Bylaws of Westlake.
4
.1
Specimen Stock Certificate.
5
.1
Opinion of Baker Botts L.L.P.
10
.1**
Indenture dated as of July 31, 2003 by and
among Westlake, the guarantors named therein and JPMorgan Chase
Bank, as trustee, relating to 8 3/4% Senior Notes due
2011.
10
.2**
Form of 8 3/4% Senior Notes due 2011
(included in Exhibit 10.1).
Westlake is a party to other long-term debt
instruments not filed herewith under which the total amount of
securities authorized does not exceed 10% of the total assets of
Westlake and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Pursuant
to paragraph 4(iii)(A) of Item 601(b) of
Regulation S-K, Westlake agrees to furnish a copy of such
instruments to the SEC upon request.
10
.3**
Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003
(the Revolving Credit Agreement) by and among the
financial institutions party thereto, as lenders, Bank of
America, N.A., as agent, Westlake and certain of its domestic
subsidiaries, as borrowers relating to a $200 million
senior secured revolving credit facility.
10
.4**
Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003
by and among Westlake, as borrower, certain of its subsidiaries,
as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as agent and the lenders
party thereto relating to a $120 million senior secured
term loan.
10
.5**
Westlake Group Performance Unit Plan effective
January 1, 1991.
10
.6**
Agreement with Warren Wilder dated
December 10, 1999.
10
.7**
Amendment, Assignment and Acceptance Agreement
dated as of September 22, 2003 among Bank of America, N.A.,
the financial institutions party thereto, Westlake and certain
of its domestic subsidiaries, amending the Revolving Credit
Agreement.
10
.8*
Agreement with Ruth I. Dreessen dated
July 23, 2004.
10
.9**
EVA Incentive Plan.
10
.10***
Agreement with Stephen Wallace dated
November 5, 2003.
10
.11***
Second Amendment and Waiver, dated
February 24, 2004, to Revolving Credit Agreement.
10
.12*
Agreement with Wayne D. Morse effective
January 1, 2004.
10
.13*
Form of Registration Rights Agreement.
10
.14
Westlake Chemical Corporation 2004 Omnibus
Incentive Plan.
10
.15*
Third Amendment and Waiver, dated June 22,
2004, to Revolving Credit Agreement.
21
.1*
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23
.1
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
23
.2
Consent of Baker Botts L.L.P. (included in
Exhibit 5.1).
23
.3*
Consent of Max L. Lukens.
23
.4*
Consent of Robert T. Blakely.
23
.5*
Consent of Dr. Gilbert R. Whitaker, Jr.
23
.6*
Consent of Ruth I. Dreessen.
24
.1*
Powers of Attorney.
*
Previously filed.
**
Incorporated by reference to Westlakes
Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on
November 21, 2003 under Registration No. 333-108982.
***
Incorporated by reference to Westlakes
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003.
EXHIBIT 1.1
[________] SHARES
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $0.01 PER SHARE
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
August __, 2004
CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON LLC
J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES INC.
DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.
As Representatives of the
Several Underwriters (the "REPRESENTATIVES"),
c/o Credit Suisse First Boston LLC,
Eleven Madison Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 10010-3629
Dear Sirs:
1. Introductory. Westlake Chemical Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), proposes to issue and sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule A hereto (the "UNDERWRITERS") [____] shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "SECURITIES" and, such [_____] shares of Securities being hereinafter referred to as the "FIRM SECURITIES"). The Company also proposes to sell to the Underwriters, at the option of the Underwriters, an aggregate of not more than [___] additional outstanding shares of the Company's Securities, as set forth below (such additional shares being hereinafter referred to as the "OPTIONAL Securities"). The Firm Securities and the Optional Securities are herein collectively called the "OFFERED SECURITIES". As part of the offering contemplated by this Agreement, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (the "DESIGNATED UNDERWRITER") has agreed to reserve out of the Firm Securities purchased by it under this Agreement, up to [__________] shares, for sale to the Company's directors, officers, employees and other parties associated with the Company (collectively, "PARTICIPANTS"), as set forth in the Prospectus (as defined herein) under the heading "Underwriting" (the "DIRECTED SHARE PROGRAM"). The Firm Securities to be sold by the Designated Underwriter pursuant to the Directed Share Program (the "DIRECTED SHARES") will be sold by the Designated Underwriter pursuant to this Agreement at the public offering price. The Designated Underwriter that manages the Directed Share Program will receive 100% of the discounts and commissions associated with the Directed Shares. Any Directed Shares not subscribed for by the end of the business day on which this Agreement is executed will be offered to the public by the Underwriters as set forth in the Prospectus. The Company hereby agrees with the several Underwriters as follows:
2. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the several Underwriters that:
(a) A registration statement (No. 333-115790) relating to the Offered Securities, including a form of prospectus, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("COMMISSION") and either (A) has been declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933 ("ACT") and is not proposed to be amended or (B) is proposed to be amended by amendment or post-effective amendment. If such registration statement (the "INITIAL REGISTRATION STATEMENT") has been declared effective, either (A) an additional registration statement (the "ADDITIONAL REGISTRATION STATEMENT") relating to the Offered Securities may have been filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(b) ("RULE 462(b)") under the Act and, if so filed, has become effective upon filing pursuant to such Rule and the Offered Securities all have been duly registered under the Act pursuant to the initial registration statement and, if applicable, the additional registration statement or (B) such an additional registration statement is proposed to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(b) and will become effective upon filing pursuant to such Rule and upon such filing the Offered
Securities will all have been duly registered under the Act pursuant to
the initial registration statement and such additional registration
statement. If the Company does not propose to amend the initial
registration statement or if an additional registration statement has
been filed and the Company does not propose to amend it, and if any
post-effective amendment to either such registration statement has been
filed with the Commission prior to the execution and delivery of this
Agreement, the most recent amendment (if any) to each such registration
statement has been declared effective by the Commission or has become
effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(c) ("RULE 462(c)") under the
Act or, in the case of the additional registration statement, Rule
462(b). For purposes of this Agreement, "EFFECTIVE TIME" with respect
to the initial registration statement or, if filed prior to the
execution and delivery of this Agreement, the additional registration
statement means (A) if the Company has advised the Representatives that
it does not propose to amend such registration statement, the date and
time as of which such registration statement, or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereto (if any) filed prior to the execution
and delivery of this Agreement, was declared effective by the
Commission or has become effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(c),
or (B) if the Company has advised the Representatives that it proposes
to file an amendment or post-effective amendment to such registration
statement, the date and time as of which such registration statement,
as amended by such amendment or post-effective amendment, as the case
may be, is declared effective by the Commission. If an additional
registration statement has not been filed prior to the execution and
delivery of this Agreement but the Company has advised the
Representatives that it proposes to file one, "EFFECTIVE TIME" with
respect to such additional registration statement means the date and
time as of which such registration statement is filed and becomes
effective pursuant to Rule 462(b). The "EFFECTIVE DATE" with respect to
the initial registration statement or the additional registration
statement (if any) means the date of the Effective Time thereof. The
initial registration statement, as amended at its Effective Time,
including all information contained in the additional registration
statement (if any) and deemed to be a part of the initial registration
statement as of the Effective Time of the additional registration
statement pursuant to the General Instructions of the Form on which it
is filed and including all information (if any) deemed to be a part of
the initial registration statement as of its Effective Time pursuant to
Rule 430A(b) ("RULE 430A(b)") under the Act, is hereinafter referred to
as the "INITIAL REGISTRATION STATEMENT". The additional registration
statement, as amended at its Effective Time, including the contents of
the initial registration statement incorporated by reference therein
and including all information (if any) deemed to be a part of the
additional registration statement as of its Effective Time pursuant to
Rule 430A(b), is hereinafter referred to as the "ADDITIONAL
REGISTRATION STATEMENT". The Initial Registration Statement and the
Additional Registration Statement are hereinafter referred to
collectively as the "REGISTRATION STATEMENTS" and individually as a
"REGISTRATION STATEMENT". The form of prospectus relating to the
Offered Securities, as first filed with the Commission pursuant to and
in accordance with Rule 424(b) ("RULE 424(b)") under the Act or (if no
such filing is required) as included in a Registration Statement, is
hereinafter referred to as the "PROSPECTUS". No document has been or
will be prepared or distributed in reliance on Rule 434 under the Act.
(b) If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement: (A) on the Effective Date of the Initial Registration Statement, the Initial Registration Statement conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission ("RULES AND REGULATIONS") and did not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (B) on the Effective Date of the Additional Registration Statement (if any), each Registration Statement conformed or will conform, in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not include, or will not include, any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit, or will not omit, to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and (C) on the date of this Agreement, the Initial Registration Statement and, if the Effective Time of the Additional Registration Statement is prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Additional Registration Statement each conforms, and at the time of filing of the Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) or (if no such filing is required) at the Effective Date of the Additional Registration Statement in which the Prospectus is included, each Registration Statement and the Prospectus will conform, in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and the Rules and Regulations, and none of such documents includes, or will include, any untrue statement of a material fact or omits, or will omit, to state any material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement: on the Effective Date of the Initial Registration Statement, the Initial Registration Statement and the Prospectus will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and the Rules and Regulations, neither of such documents will include any untrue statement of a material fact or will omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and no Additional Registration Statement has been or will be filed. The two preceding sentences do not apply to statements in or omissions from a Registration Statement or the Prospectus based upon written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information is that described as such in Section 7(b) hereof.
(c) The Company has been duly incorporated and is an existing corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with power and authority (corporate and other) to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Prospectus; and the Company is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the current or future condition (financial or other), business, properties or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole (a "MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT").
(d) Each subsidiary of the Company has been duly incorporated
or formed and is an existing corporation or other entity in good
standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or
organization, with power and authority (corporate and other
organizational) to own its properties and conduct its business as
described in the Prospectus; and each subsidiary of the Company is duly
qualified to do business as a foreign corporation or other entity in
good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or
lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such
qualification, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good
standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect; all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of each
subsidiary of the Company has been duly authorized and validly issued
and is fully paid and nonassessable; and the capital stock of each
subsidiary owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, is
owned free from liens, encumbrances and defects, except to the extent
(i) such capital stock is subject to a lien or encumbrance in
connection with the Indenture dated as of July 31, 2003 by and among
the Company, the guarantors named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as
trustee, relating to the 8 3/4% senior notes due 2011, the Credit
Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003 by and among the Company, certain
of its subsidiaries, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America,
N.A., as agent, relating to a $200 million senior secured revolving
credit facility and the Credit Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003 by
and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, the lenders party
thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as agent, relating to a $120 million
senior secured term loan (collectively, the "DEBT AGREEMENTS") or (ii)
that any failure of such capital stock to be free from liens and
encumbrances would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a
Material Adverse Effect.
(e) The Offered Securities and all other outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and conform to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus; and the stockholders of the Company have no preemptive rights with respect to the Securities.
(f) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, and except for the consulting agreement of Avi Nash LLC with the Company dated March 31, 2004 (the "CONSULTING AGREEMENT"), there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder's fee or other like payment in connection with the sale of the Offered Securities.
(g) Except as described in the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person granting such person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Act with respect to any securities of the Company owned or to be
owned by such person or to require the Company to include such securities in the securities registered pursuant to a Registration Statement or in any securities being registered pursuant to any other registration statement filed by the Company under the Act that have not been validly waived or satisfied prior to the date hereof.
(h) The Securities have been approved for listing, subject to notice of issuance, on The New York Stock Exchange.
(i) No consent, approval, authorization, or order of, or filing with, any governmental agency of the United States or body or any court with jurisdiction in the United States is required to be obtained or made by the Company for the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in connection with the sale of the Offered Securities, except such as have been obtained and made or will be obtained and made prior to the date hereof under the Act (provided, however, a filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) may be made after the date hereof so long as such filing is made within the time period specified in the applicable provision of such rule ) and such as may be required under state securities or blue sky laws.
(j) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company, and the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under, (A) any statute, any rule, regulation or order of any governmental agency or body or any court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any subsidiary of the Company or any of their properties, or (B) any agreement or instrument to which the Company or any such subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any such subsidiary is bound or to which any of the properties of the Company or any such subsidiary is subject, or (C) the charter or by-laws or other organizational documents of the Company or any such subsidiary, other than, in the case of clauses (A) or (B) above, such conflicts, breaches, violations or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(k) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
(l) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company and each of its subsidiaries has (A) good and indefeasible title to (in the case of fee interests in real property), (B) valid leasehold interests in (in the case of leasehold interests in real or personal property) and (C) valid title to (in the case of all other personal property), all of its respective properties and assets reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects, except for such failures to have such title to or interests in, and for such liens, encumbrances and defects, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(m) The Company and its subsidiaries possess adequate certificates, authorities or permits issued by appropriate governmental agencies or bodies necessary to conduct the business now operated by them, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, and have not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authority or permit that, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, would individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(n) No labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any subsidiary exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(o) The Company and its subsidiaries own, possess or can acquire on reasonable terms, adequate trademarks, trade names and other rights to inventions, know-how, patents, copyrights, confidential information and other intellectual property (collectively, "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS") necessary to conduct the business now operated by them, or presently employed by them, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, and have not received any notice of infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any intellectual property rights that, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect.
(p) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, and except for such
matters as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect or be required to be disclosed in the Prospectus by the
Commission pursuant to the Rules and Regulations, the Company and its
subsidiaries (or, to the knowledge of the Company, any other entity for
whose acts or omissions the Company is or may be liable) (1) are
conducting and have conducted their businesses, operations and
facilities in compliance with Environmental Laws (as defined below);
(2) possess and maintain in full force and effect any and all permits,
licenses or registrations required under Environmental Law for the
conduct of their businesses ("ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS"); (3) have not,
pursuant to any contract, assumed responsibility to cure any currently
identified material liability under Environmental Law or to remediate
any currently identified Hazardous Substances (as defined below) spill
or release; (4) have not received any notice from a governmental
authority or any other third party alleging any violation of
Environmental Law or liability thereunder (including, without
limitation, liability as a "potentially responsible party" and/or for
costs of investigating or remediating sites containing Hazardous
Substances and/or damages to natural resources); (5) are not subject to
any pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened claim or
other legal proceeding under any Environmental Laws against the Company
or its subsidiaries; (6) do not have knowledge of any pending
Environmental Law, or any unsatisfied condition in an Environmental
Permit, or any release of Hazardous Substances that, individually or in
the aggregate, can reasonably be expected to require any material
capital expenditures to maintain the Company's or the subsidiaries'
compliance with Environmental Law or with their Environmental Permits;
and (7) does not (A) rely on any third party for an indemnity for, or
the contractual assumption of, any material remediation obligation or
liability under Environmental Law and (B) have reasonable cause to
believe that such third party will default in its obligation to comply
with such indemnity or contractual assumption. As used in this
paragraph, "ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS" means any and all applicable federal,
state, local, and foreign laws, statutes, ordinances, rules,
regulations, requirements and common law, or any enforceable
administrative or judicial interpretation, order, consent, decree or
judgment thereof, relating to pollution or the protection of human
health or the environment, including, without limitation, those
relating to, regulating, or imposing liability or standards of conduct
concerning (i) noise or odor, (ii) emissions, discharges, releases or
threatened releases of Hazardous Substances into ambient air, surface
water, groundwater or land, (iii) the generation, manufacture,
processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, release,
transport or handling of, or exposure to, Hazardous Substances, (iv)
the protection of wildlife or endangered or threatened species, or (v)
the investigation, remediation or cleanup of, or exposure to, any
Hazardous Substances. As used in this paragraph, "HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES"
means pollutants, contaminants or hazardous, dangerous or toxic
substances, materials, constituents or wastes or petroleum, petroleum
products and their breakdown constituents, or any other chemical
substance regulated under Environmental Laws.
(q) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, there are no pending actions, suits or proceedings against or affecting the Company, any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties that, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect, or would materially and adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement, or which are otherwise material in the context of the sale of the Offered Securities; and no such actions, suits or proceedings are threatened or, to the Company's knowledge, contemplated.
(r) The financial statements included in each Registration Statement and the Prospectus present fairly the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates shown and their results of operations and cash flows for the periods shown, and such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") applied on a consistent basis; all non-GAAP financial information included in each Registration Statement complies with the requirements of Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Act and the assumptions used in preparing the columns titled "As Adjusted for the Exchange" and "As Further Adjusted for the Offering" included under the caption "Capitalization" in the Prospectus provide a reasonable basis for presenting the significant effects directly attributable to
the transactions or events described therein, and the related adjustments in such columns give appropriate effect to those assumptions and reflect the proper application of those adjustments to the corresponding historical financial statement amounts.
(s) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Prospectus there has been no material adverse change, nor any development or event involving a prospective material adverse change, in the condition (financial or other), business, properties or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, and, except as disclosed in or contemplated by the Prospectus, there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company on any class of its capital stock.
(t) As of the date hereof, the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "EXCHANGE ACT") and files reports with the Commission on the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system.
(u) The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Offered Securities and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Prospectus, will not be an "investment company" as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940.
(v) No relationship, direct or indirect, required to be described under Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Act, exists between or among the Company on the one hand, and the directors, officers or stockholders of the Company on the other hand, which is not described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus.
(w) The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all federal, state and local income and franchise tax returns required to be filed through the date hereof, except where the failure to so file such returns would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, and have paid all taxes due thereon, and other than tax deficiencies which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is contesting in good faith and for which adequate reserves have been provided in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, there is no tax deficiency that has been asserted against the Company or any of its subsidiaries that would, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(x) Prior to the date hereof, neither the Company nor any of its affiliates has taken any action which is designed to or which has constituted or which might have been expected to cause or result in unlawful stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company in connection with the offering of the Offered Securities.
(y) The market-related and customer-related data and estimates included in the Registration Statement and Prospectus are based on or derived from sources which the Company reasonably believes to be reliable.
(z) PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP who have certified certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries are independent public accountants as contemplated by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder.
(aa) The Company and its subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; and (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain accountability for assets.
(bb) The Company and its subsidiaries maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act) designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in accordance with the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Company has carried out
evaluations, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures in accordance with Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act.
(cc) The merger of Gulf Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc. with and into the Company, the merger of Westlake Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc. with and into the Company and the other transactions described in the Prospectus under the caption "The Transactions" have been consummated.
(dd) TTWF LP owns 100% of the issued and outstanding Securities of the Company.
(ee) The Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any preliminary prospectus comply in all material respects, and any further amendments or supplements thereto will comply in all material respects, with any applicable laws or regulations of foreign jurisdictions in which the Prospectus or any preliminary prospectus, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, are distributed in connection with the Directed Share Program, and no authorization, approval, consent, license, order, registration or qualification of or with any government, governmental instrumentality or court, other than such as have been obtained or will be obtained prior to the date hereof (provided, however, supplemental filings with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau, Ministry of Finance Japan ("MOF") may be made after the date hereof so long as such filings are made within the time periods specified by the rules and regulations of the MoF), is necessary under the securities law and regulations of foreign jurisdictions in which the Directed Shares are offered outside the United States.
(ff) The Company has not offered, or caused the Underwriters to offer, any Offered Securities to any person pursuant to the Directed Share Program with the specific intent to unlawfully influence (i) a customer or supplier of the Company to alter the customer's or supplier's level or type of business with the Company or (ii) a trade journalist or publication to write or publish favorable information about the Company or its products.
3. Purchase, Sale and Delivery of Offered Securities. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to sell to each Underwriter, and each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company, at a purchase price of $[___] per share, the number of Firm Securities set forth below the caption "Number of Firm Securities to be Sold by the Company" and opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule A hereto.
The Company will deliver the Firm Securities to the Representatives for
the accounts of the Underwriters, against payment of the purchase price in
Federal (same day) funds by official bank check or checks or wire transfer to an
account at a bank acceptable to the Representatives drawn to the order of the
Company in the case of the Firm Securities at the office of Baker Botts L.L.P.,
910 Louisiana Street, Houston, TX 77002, at 9:00 A.M., New York time, on August
[__], 2004, or at such other time not later than seven full business days
thereafter as the Representatives and the Company determine, such time being
herein referred to as the "FIRST CLOSING DATE". For purposes of Rule 15c6-1
under the Exchange Act, the First Closing Date (if later than the otherwise
applicable settlement date) shall be the settlement date for payment of funds
and delivery of securities for all the Offered Securities sold pursuant to the
offering. The certificates for the Firm Securities so to be delivered will be in
definitive form, in such denominations and registered in such names as the
Representatives request and will be made available for checking and packaging at
the above office of Baker Botts L.L.P. at least 24 hours prior to the First
Closing Date.
In addition, upon written notice from the Representatives given to the Company from time to time not more than 30 days subsequent to the date of the Prospectus, the Underwriters may purchase all or less than all of the Optional Securities at the purchase price per Security to be paid for the Firm Securities. The Company agrees to sell to the Underwriters the number of shares of Optional Securities specified in such notice and the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly, to purchase such Optional Securities. Such Optional Securities shall be purchased from the Company for the account of each Underwriter in the same proportion as the number of Firm Securities set forth opposite such Underwriter's name bears to the total number of Firm Securities in Schedule A hereto (subject to adjustment by the Representatives to eliminate
fractions) and may be purchased by the Underwriters only for the purpose of covering over-allotments made in connection with the sale of the Firm Securities. No Optional Securities shall be sold or delivered unless the Firm Securities previously have been, or simultaneously are, sold and delivered. The right to purchase the Optional Securities or any portion thereof may be exercised from time to time and to the extent not previously exercised may be surrendered and terminated at any time upon notice by the Representatives to the Company.
Each time for the delivery of and payment for the Optional Securities, being herein referred to as an "OPTIONAL CLOSING DATE", which may be the First Closing Date (the First Closing Date and each Optional Closing Date, if any, being sometimes referred to as a "CLOSING DATE"), shall be determined by the Representatives but shall be not later than five full business days after written notice of election to purchase Optional Securities is given. At least two full business days prior to the Optional Closing Date, the Company will deliver the Optional Securities being purchased on each Optional Closing Date to the Representatives for the accounts of the several Underwriters, against payment of the purchase price therefor in Federal (same day) funds by official bank check or checks or wire transfer to an account at a bank acceptable to the Representatives drawn to the order of the Company, at the office of Baker Botts L.L.P., 910 Louisiana Street, Houston, TX 77002. The certificates for the Optional Securities being purchased on each Optional Closing Date will be in definitive form, in such denominations and registered in such names as the Representatives request upon reasonable notice prior to such Optional Closing Date and will be made available for checking and packaging at the above office of Baker Botts L.L.P. at a reasonable time in advance of such Optional Closing Date.
4. Offering by Underwriters. It is understood that the several Underwriters propose to offer the Offered Securities for sale to the public as set forth in the Prospectus.
5. Certain Agreements of the Company. The Company agrees with the several Underwriters that:
(a) If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company will file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to and in accordance with subparagraph (1) (or, if applicable and if consented to by the Representatives, subparagraph (4)) of Rule 424(b) not later than the earlier of (A) the second business day following the execution and delivery of this Agreement or (B) the fifteenth business day after the Effective Date of the Initial Registration Statement.
The Company will advise the Representatives promptly of any such filing pursuant to Rule 424(b). If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and an additional registration statement is necessary to register a portion of the Offered Securities under the Act but the Effective Time thereof has not occurred as of such execution and delivery, the Company will file the additional registration statement or, if filed, will file a post-effective amendment thereto with the Commission pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 462(b) on or prior to 10:00 P.M., New York time, on the date of this Agreement or, if earlier, on or prior to the time the Prospectus is printed and distributed to any Underwriter, or will make such filing at such later date as shall have been consented to by the Representatives.
(b) The Company will advise the Representatives promptly of any proposal to amend or supplement the initial or any additional registration statement as filed or the related prospectus or the Initial Registration Statement, the Additional Registration Statement (if any) or the Prospectus and will not effect such amendment or supplement without the Representatives' consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld); and the Company will also advise the Representatives promptly of the effectiveness of each Registration Statement (if its Effective Time is subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement) and of any amendment or supplement of a Registration Statement or the Prospectus and of the institution by the Commission of any stop order proceedings in respect of a Registration Statement and will use reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such stop order and to obtain as soon as possible its lifting, if issued.
(c) If, at any time when a prospectus relating to the Offered Securities is required to be delivered under the Act in connection with sales by any Underwriter or dealer, any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or if it is necessary at any time to amend the Prospectus to comply with the Act, the Company will promptly notify the Representatives of such event and will promptly prepare and file with the Commission, at its own expense, an amendment or supplement which will correct such statement or omission or an amendment which will effect such compliance. Neither the Representatives' consent to, nor the Underwriters' delivery of, any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the conditions set forth in Section 6.
(d) As soon as practicable, but not later than the
Availability Date (as defined below), the Company will make generally
available to its securityholders an earnings statement covering a
period of at least 12 months beginning after the Effective Date of the
Initial Registration Statement (or, if later, the Effective Date of the
Additional Registration Statement) which will satisfy the provisions of
Section 11(a) of the Act. For the purpose of the preceding sentence,
"AVAILABILITY DATE" means the 45th day after the end of the fourth
fiscal quarter following the fiscal quarter that includes such
Effective Date, except that, if such fourth fiscal quarter is the last
quarter of the Company's fiscal year, "AVAILABILITY DATE" means the
90th day after the end of such fourth fiscal quarter.
(e) The Company will furnish to the Representatives copies of each Registration Statement (four of which will be signed and will include all exhibits), each related preliminary prospectus, and, so long as a prospectus relating to the Offered Securities is required to be delivered under the Act in connection with sales by any Underwriter or dealer, the Prospectus and all amendments and supplements to such documents, in each case in such quantities as the Representatives reasonably request. The Prospectus shall be so furnished on or prior to 3:00 P.M., New York time, on the business day following the later of the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement. All other such documents shall be so furnished as soon as available. The Company will pay the expenses of printing and distributing to the Underwriters all such documents.
(f) The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to arrange for the qualification of the Offered Securities for sale under the laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives reasonably request and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Offered Securities, provided that the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction.
(g) For a period of 180 days after the date of the initial public offering of the Offered Securities, the Company will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the Commission a registration statement under the Act (other than a registration statement on Form S-8) relating to, any additional shares of the Securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of the Securities, or publicly disclose the intention to make any such offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, except grants of employee stock options pursuant to the terms of a plan in effect on the date hereof, issuances of Securities pursuant to the exercise of such options or the exercise of any other employee stock options outstanding on the date hereof or issuances of Securities pursuant to the Company's dividend reinvestment plan.
(h) The Company agrees with the several Underwriters that the Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Agreement (including, without limitation, fees of the Company's counsel, accounting fees and fees related to the listing of the Offered Securities on the New York Stock Exchange), for any filing fees and other expenses (including fees and disbursements of counsel) in connection with qualification of the Offered Securities for sale under the laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives designate and the printing of memoranda relating thereto, for the filing fee incident to the review by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. of the Offered Securities, for any travel expenses of the Company's officers and employees and any other expenses of the Company in connection with attending or hosting meetings with prospective purchasers of the Offered Securities including 50% of the cost of any aircraft chartered in connection with attending or hosting such meetings and for expenses incurred in distributing preliminary prospectuses and the Prospectus (including any
amendments and supplements thereto) to the Underwriters; provided that the Underwriters shall, severally and not jointly, reimburse the Company for out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred by the Company under this subsection (h) in connection with the offering of the Offered Securities, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1.5 million.
(i) The Designated Underwriter will pay all fees and disbursements of counsel incurred by the Underwriters in connection with the Directed Share Program and stamp duties, similar taxes or duties or other taxes, if any, incurred by the Underwriters in connection with the Directed Share Program.
Furthermore, the Company covenants with the Underwriters that the Company will comply with all applicable securities and other applicable laws, rules and regulations in each foreign jurisdiction in which the Directed Shares are offered in connection with the Directed Share Program.
6. Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriters. The obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Firm Securities on the First Closing Date and the Optional Securities to be purchased on each Optional Closing Date will be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company herein, to the accuracy of the statements of Company officers made pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions precedent:
(a) The Representatives shall have received a letter, dated the date of delivery thereof (which, if the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, shall be on or prior to the date of this Agreement or, if the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, shall be prior to the filing of the amendment or post-effective amendment to the registration statement to be filed shortly prior to such Effective Time), of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP confirming that they are independent public accountants within the meaning of the Act and the applicable published Rules and Regulations thereunder and stating to the effect that:
(i) in their opinion the financial statements examined by them and included in the Registration Statements comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the Act and the related published Rules and Regulations;
(ii) they have performed the procedures specified by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for a review of interim financial information as described in Statement of Auditing Standards No. 100, Interim Financial Information, on the unaudited financial statements included in the Registration Statements;
(iii) on the basis of the review referred to in clause (ii) above, a reading of the latest available interim financial statements of the Company, inquiries of officials of the Company who have responsibility for financial and accounting matters and other specified procedures, nothing came to their attention that caused them to believe that:
(A) the unaudited financial statements included in the Registration Statements do not comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the Act and the related published Rules and Regulations or any material modifications should be made to such unaudited financial statements for them to be in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles;
(B) at the date of the latest available balance sheet read by such accountants, or at a subsequent specified date not more than three business days prior to the date of this Agreement, there was any change in the capital stock or any increase in short-term indebtedness or long-term debt of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries or, at the date of the latest available balance sheet read by such accountants, there was any decrease in consolidated net current assets or
net assets, as compared with amounts shown on the latest balance sheet included in the Prospectus; or
(C) for the period from the closing date of the latest income statement included in the Prospectus to the closing date of the latest available income statement read by such accountants there were any decreases, as compared with the corresponding period of the previous year, in consolidated net sales or net operating income in the total or per share amounts of consolidated net income;
except in all cases set forth in clauses B and C above for changes, increases or decreases which the Prospectus discloses have occurred or may occur or which are described in such letter; and
(iv) they have compared specified dollar amounts (or percentages derived from such dollar amounts) and other financial information contained in the Registration Statements (in each case to the extent that such dollar amounts, percentages and other financial information are derived from the general accounting records of the Company and its subsidiaries subject to the internal controls of the Company's accounting system or are derived directly from such records by analysis or computation) with the results obtained from inquiries, a reading of such general accounting records and other procedures specified in such letter and have found such dollar amounts, percentages and other financial information to be in agreement with such results, except as otherwise specified in such letter.
For purposes of this subsection, (i) if the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statements is subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, "REGISTRATION STATEMENTS" shall mean the initial registration statement as proposed to be amended by the amendment or post-effective amendment to be filed shortly prior to its Effective Time, (ii) if the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statements is prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement but the Effective Time of the Additional Registration Statement is subsequent to such execution and delivery, "REGISTRATION Statements" shall mean the Initial Registration Statement and the additional registration statement as proposed to be filed or as proposed to be amended by the post-effective amendment to be filed shortly prior to its Effective Time, and (iii) "PROSPECTUS" shall mean the prospectus included in the Registration Statements.
(b) If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is not prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, such Effective Time shall have occurred not later than 10:00 P.M., New York time, on the date of this Agreement or such later date as shall have been consented to by the Representatives. If the Effective Time of the Additional Registration Statement (if any) is not prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, such Effective Time shall have occurred not later than 10:00 P.M., New York time, on the date of this Agreement or, if earlier, the time the Prospectus is printed and distributed to any Underwriter, or shall have occurred at such later date as shall have been consented to by the Representatives. If the Effective Time of the Initial Registration Statement is prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission in accordance with the Rules and Regulations and Section 5(a) of this Agreement. Prior to such Closing Date, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or, to the knowledge of Company or the Representatives, shall be contemplated by the Commission.
(c) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, there shall not have occurred (i) any change, or any development or event involving a prospective change, in the condition (financial or other), business, properties or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole which, in the reasonable judgment of a majority in interest of the Underwriters including the Representatives, is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with completion of the public offering or the sale of and payment for the Offered Securities; (ii) any downgrading in the rating of any debt securities of the Company by any "nationally recognized statistical rating organization" (as defined for purposes of Rule 436(g) under the Act), or any public announcement that any such organization has under surveillance or review its
rating of any debt securities of the Company (other than an
announcement with positive implications of a possible upgrading, and no
implication of a possible downgrading, of such rating); (iii) any
change in U.S. or international financial, political or economic
conditions or currency exchange rates or exchange controls as would, in
the reasonable judgment of a majority in interest of the Underwriters
including the Representatives, be likely to prejudice materially the
success of the proposed issue, sale or distribution of the Offered
Securities, whether in the primary market or in respect of dealings in
the secondary market; (iv) any material suspension or material
limitation of trading in securities generally on the New York Stock
Exchange, or any setting of minimum prices for trading on such
exchange; (v) any suspension of trading of any securities of the
Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market; (vi) any
banking moratorium declared by U.S. Federal or New York authorities;
(vii) any major disruption of settlements of securities or clearance
services in the United States or (viii) any attack on, outbreak or
escalation of hostilities or act of terrorism involving the United
States, any declaration of war by Congress or any other national or
international calamity or emergency if, in the reasonable judgment of a
majority in interest of the Underwriters including the Representatives,
the effect of any such attack, outbreak, escalation, act, declaration,
calamity or emergency makes it impractical or inadvisable to proceed
with completion of the public offering or the sale of, delivery and
payment for the Offered Securities.
(d) The Representatives shall have received an opinion, dated such Closing Date, of Baker Botts L.L.P., counsel for the Company, to the effect that:
(i) The Company has been duly incorporated and is an existing corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with corporate power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Prospectus;
(ii) The Offered Securities delivered on such Closing Date and all other outstanding shares of the Common Stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and conform to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus; and the stockholders of the Company have no preemptive rights under the charters or bylaws of the Company, the Delaware General Corporation Law or, to the best of the knowledge of such counsel, any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party, with respect to the Securities;
(iii) Except as described in the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings known to such counsel between the Company and any person granting such person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Act with respect to any securities of the Company owned or to be owned by such person or to require the Company to include such securities in the securities registered pursuant to the Registration Statement or in any securities being registered pursuant to any other registration statement filed by the Company under the Act that have not been validly waived or satisfied prior to the date hereof;
(iv) The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Offered Securities and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Prospectus, will not be an "investment company" as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;
(v) No consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing with, any governmental agency or body or any court is required to be obtained or made by the Company for the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in connection with the sale of the Offered Securities, except such as have been obtained and made under the Act, such consents, approvals or filings as may be required by or with the NASD (as to which such counsel need express no opinion) and such as may be required under state securities or blue sky laws (as to which such counsel need express no opinion);
(vi) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the sale of the Offered Securities will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under, (A) any statute, rule or regulation of,
or order of any governmental agency or body or any court having jurisdiction in, the United States, the State of Texas or the State of New York, and the Delaware General Corporation Law (provided, however, that such counsel need express no opinion with respect to compliance with any state securities or antifraud law, rule or regulation), (B) any agreement or instrument listed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2004, by and between North American Bristol Corporation and Bristolpipe Corporation (collectively, the "MATERIAL AGREEMENTS"), or (C) the charter or by-laws of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (A) or (B) above, such conflicts, breaches, violations or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect;
(vii) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company;
(viii) Based on certain assumptions set forth therein, statements of legal conclusion set forth in the Prospectus under the caption "Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences to Non-United States Holders" are such counsel's opinion; the statements contained in the Prospectus under the caption "Description of Certain Indebtedness" insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of certain indebtedness of the Company, accurately summarize in all material respects the terms of the indebtedness; and the statements contained in the Prospectus under the caption "Description of Capital Stock" insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the Securities, accurately summarize in all material respects the terms of the Securities;
(ix) The Initial Registration Statement was declared effective under the Act as of the date and time specified in such opinion, the Additional Registration Statement (if any) was filed and became effective under the Act as of the date and time (if determinable) specified in such opinion, the Prospectus either was filed with the Commission pursuant to the subparagraph of Rule 424(b) specified in such opinion on the date specified therein or was included in the Initial Registration Statement or the Additional Registration Statement (as the case may be), and, to the best of the knowledge of such counsel, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement or any part thereof has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or contemplated under the Act, and each Registration Statement and the Prospectus (other than the financial statements and schedules, the notes thereto and the auditors' report thereon and other financial and accounting data included therein, or omitted therefrom, as to which such counsel need express no opinion), and each amendment or supplement thereto, as of their respective effective or issue dates, complied as to form in all material respects with the requirements of the Act and the Rules and Regulations; and
Such counsel shall also include, in a separate
paragraph of its opinion, statements to the following effect:
such counsel has participated in conferences with officers and
other representatives of the Company, with representatives of
the independent accountants of the Company, with
representatives of and counsel for the Underwriters, at which
the contents of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
were discussed, and although such counsel did not
independently verify such information, and is not passing upon
and does not assume any responsibility for, the accuracy,
completeness or fairness of the statements contained in the
Registration Statement or Prospectus (except to the extent set
forth in paragraphs (ii) and (viii) above), on the basis of
the foregoing, no facts have come to such counsel's attention
that lead such counsel to believe that (A) the Registration
Statement (other than the financial statements and schedules,
the notes thereto and the auditors' reports thereon and the
other financial and accounting data included therein or
omitted therefrom, as to which such counsel has not been asked
to comment) as of its effective date or as of the Closing Date
included an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to
state a material fact necessary in order to make the
statements therein not misleading, and (B) the Prospectus or
any amendments thereto (other than the financial statements
and schedules, the notes thereto and the auditors' reports
thereon and the other financial and accounting data
included therein or omitted therefrom, as to which such counsel has not been asked to comment) as of its effective date or as of the Closing Date included an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading.
(e) The Representatives shall have received an opinion, dated such Closing Date, of Stephen Wallace, Vice President and General Counsel of the Company, to the effect that:
(i) The Company is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation in good standing in all jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect;
(ii) Each subsidiary of the Company listed on Exhibit
A hereto has been duly incorporated or formed and is an
existing corporation or other entity in good standing under
the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, with power
and authority (corporate and other organizational) to own its
properties and conduct its business as described in the
Prospectus; and each subsidiary listed on Exhibit A hereto is
duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation or
other entity in good standing in all other jurisdictions in
which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its
business requires such qualification, except where the failure
to be so qualified or in good standing would not, individually
or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; all of
the issued and outstanding capital stock or limited
partnership interests, as applicable, of each subsidiary of
the Company has been duly authorized and validly issued and is
fully paid and nonassessable; and the capital stock or limited
partnership interests, as applicable, of each subsidiary owned
by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, is owned
free from liens and encumbrances, except to the extent that
(i) such capital stock or limited partnership interest is
subject to a lien or encumbrance in connection with the Debt
Agreements or (ii) any failure of such capital stock or
limited partnership interests to be free from liens and
encumbrances would not, individually or in the aggregate, have
a Material Adverse Effect; and
(iii) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement will not result in (A) a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under, the charter or by-laws or other organizational documents of any subsidiary of the Company, or (B) any agreement or instrument to which the Company or any subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any such subsidiary is bound or to which any of the properties of the Company or any such subsidiary is subject (excluding the Material Agreements, as to which such counsel need express no opinion), other than, in the case of clause (B) above, such conflicts, breaches, violations or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
Such counsel shall also include, in a separate paragraph of its opinion, statements to the following effect: such counsel has participated in conferences with officers and other representatives of the Company, with representatives of the independent accountants of the Company, with representatives of and counsel for the Underwriters, at which the contents of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus were discussed, and although such counsel did not independently verify such information, and is not passing upon and does not assume any responsibility for, the accuracy, completeness or fairness of the statements contained in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendment thereto, on the basis of the foregoing, no facts have come to such counsel's attention that lead such counsel to believe that (A) the Registration Statement (other than the financial statements and schedules, the notes thereto and the auditors' reports thereon and the other financial and accounting data included therein or omitted therefrom, as to which such counsel has not been asked to comment) as of its effective date or as of the Closing Date included an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading, and (B) the Prospectus or any amendment thereto (other than the financial statements and schedules, the notes thereto and the auditors' reports thereon and the other financial and accounting data included therein or
omitted therefrom, as to which such counsel has not been asked to comment) as of its effective date or as of the Closing Date included an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(f) The Representatives shall have received from Latham & Watkins LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, such opinion or opinions, dated such Closing Date, with respect to the incorporation of the Company, the validity of the Offered Securities delivered on such Closing Date, the Registration Statements, the Prospectus and other related matters as the Representatives may require, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel such documents as they request for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon such matters.
(g) The Representatives shall have received a certificate,
dated such Closing Date, of the President or any Vice President and a
principal financial or accounting officer of the Company in which such
officers, to the best of their knowledge after reasonable
investigation, shall state that: the representations and warranties of
the Company in this Agreement are true and correct; the Company has
complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part
to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to such Closing
Date; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration
Statement has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been
instituted or are contemplated by the Commission; the Additional
Registration Statement (if any) satisfying the requirements of
subparagraphs (1) and (3) of Rule 462(b) was filed pursuant to Rule
462(b), including payment of the applicable filing fee in accordance
with Rule 111(a) or (b) under the Act, prior to the time the Prospectus
was printed and distributed to any Underwriter; and, subsequent to the
date of the most recent financial statements in the Prospectus, there
has been no material adverse change, nor any development or event
involving a prospective material adverse change, in the condition
(financial or other), business, properties or results of operations of
the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except as set forth
in the Prospectus or as described in such certificate.
(h) The Representatives shall have received a letter, dated such Closing Date, of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP which meets the requirements of subsection (a) of this Section, except that the specified date referred to in such subsection will be a date not more than three days prior to such Closing Date for the purposes of this subsection.
(i) On or prior to the date of this Agreement, the Representatives shall have received a lockup letter substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto from Westlake Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc. and TTWF LP.
(j) On or prior to the date of this Agreement, the Representatives shall have received lockup letters from each of the executive officers and directors of the Company who own, or as a result of the offering of the Offered Securities will own, any Securities.
(k) No Underwriter shall have received notice of an adverse claim on the Offered Securities within the meaning of Section 8-102 of the Uniform Commercial Code.
(l) Any and all amounts payable to Avi Nash LLC under the Consulting Agreement shall have been paid by the Company, and the Representatives shall have received written confirmation of any such payments.
The Company will furnish the Representatives with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and documents as the Representatives reasonably request. The Representatives may in their discretion waive on behalf of the Underwriters compliance with any conditions to the obligations of the Underwriters hereunder, whether in respect of an Optional Closing Date or otherwise.
7. Indemnification and Contribution. (a) The Company will indemnify and
hold harmless each Underwriter, its partners, members, directors and officers
and each person, if any who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of
Section 15 of the Act, against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint
or several, to which such Underwriter may become subject, under the Act or
otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in
respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in any Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any related preliminary prospectus, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse each Underwriter for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Underwriter in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement in or omission or alleged omission from any of such documents in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in subsection (b) below; and provided, further, that with respect to any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement in or omission or alleged omission from any preliminary prospectus the indemnity agreement contained in this subsection (a) shall not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter from whom the person asserting any such losses, claims, damages or liabilities purchased the Offered Securities concerned, to the extent that a prospectus relating to such Offered Securities was required to be delivered by such Underwriter under the Act in connection with such purchase and any such loss, claim, damage or liability of such Underwriter results from the fact that there was not sent or given to such person, at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of such Offered Securities to such person, a copy of the Prospectus if the Company had previously furnished copies thereof to such Underwriter.
The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Designated Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls the Designated Underwriter within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (the "DESIGNATED ENTITIES"), from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending or investigating any such action or claim) (i) caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any material prepared by or with the consent of the Company for distribution to Participants in connection with the Directed Share Program or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (ii) caused by the failure of any Participant to pay for and accept delivery of Directed Shares that the Participant agreed to purchase; or (iii) related to, arising out of, or in connection with the Directed Share Program, other than losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or expenses relating thereto) that are finally judicially determined to have resulted from the bad faith or gross negligence of the Designated Entities.
(b) Each Underwriter will severally and not jointly indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act, against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in any Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any related preliminary prospectus, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or the alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for use therein, and will reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of each Underwriter: the concession and reallowance figures appearing in the fourth paragraph under the caption "Underwriting" and the information contained in the eighth paragraph under the caption "Underwriting."
(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against an indemnifying party under subsection (a) or (b) above, notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof; but the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have under subsection (a) or (b) above except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture
of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and provided further that
the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any
liability that it may have to an indemnified party otherwise than under
subsection (a) or (b) above, except to the extent that it has been materially
prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights and defenses) by such
failure. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it
notifies the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying
party will be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it may
wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume
the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified
party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified party, be
counsel to the indemnifying party), and after notice from the indemnifying party
to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the
indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this
Section for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such
indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable
costs of investigation. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written
consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or
threatened action in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have
been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified
party unless such settlement (i) includes an unconditional release of such
indemnified party from all liability on any claims that are the subject matter
of such action and (ii) does not include a statement as to, or an admission of,
fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of an indemnified party.
(d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section is unavailable
or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or
(b) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or
payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or
liabilities referred to in subsection (a) or (b) above (i) in such proportion as
is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the
one hand and the Underwriters on the other from the offering of the Securities
or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by
applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the
relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of
the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with
the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative
benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the
other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds
from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to
the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters.
The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things,
whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the
omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information
supplied by the Company or the Underwriters and the parties' relative intent,
knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such
untrue statement or omission. The amount paid by an indemnified party as a
result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in the first
sentence of this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other
expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with
investigating or defending any action or claim which is the subject of this
subsection (d). Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), no
Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount
by which the total price at which the Securities underwritten by it and
distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any
damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of
such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No
person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section
11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not
guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters' obligations in
this subsection (d) to contribute are several in proportion to their respective
underwriting obligations and not joint.
(e) The obligations of the Company under this Section shall be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Act; and the obligations of the Underwriters under this Section shall be in addition to any liability which the respective Underwriters may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each director of the Company, to each officer of the Company who has signed a Registration Statement and to each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Act.
8. Default of Underwriters. If any Underwriter or Underwriters default in their obligations to purchase Offered Securities hereunder on either the First or any Optional Closing Date and the aggregate number of shares of Offered Securities that such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed to
purchase does not exceed 10% of the total number of shares of Offered Securities that the Underwriters are obligated to purchase on such Closing Date, the Representatives may make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for the purchase of such Offered Securities by other persons, including any of the Underwriters, but if no such arrangements are made by such Closing Date, the non-defaulting Underwriters shall be obligated severally, in proportion to their respective commitments hereunder, to purchase the Offered Securities that such defaulting Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase on such Closing Date. If any Underwriter or Underwriters so default and the aggregate number of shares of Offered Securities with respect to which such default or defaults occur exceeds 10% of the total number of shares of Offered Securities that the Underwriters are obligated to purchase on such Closing Date and arrangements satisfactory to the Representatives and the Company for the purchase of such Offered Securities by other persons are not made within 36 hours after such default, this Agreement will terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company, except as provided in Section 9 (provided that if such default occurs with respect to Optional Securities after the First Closing Date, this Agreement will not terminate as to the Firm Securities or any Optional Securities purchased prior to such termination). As used in this Agreement, the term "Underwriter" includes any person substituted for an Underwriter under this Section. Nothing herein will relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.
9. Survival of Certain Representations and Obligations. The respective
indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the
Company or its officers and of the several Underwriters set forth in or made
pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of
any investigation, or statement as to the results thereof, made by or on behalf
of any Underwriter, the Company or any of their respective representatives,
officers or directors or any controlling person, and will survive delivery of
and payment for the Offered Securities. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant
to Section 8 or if for any reason the purchase of the Offered Securities by the
Underwriters is not consummated, the Company shall remain responsible for the
expenses to be paid or reimbursed by it pursuant to Section 5 and the respective
obligations of the Company and the Underwriters pursuant to Section 7 shall
remain in effect, and if any Offered Securities have been purchased hereunder,
the representations and warranties in Section 2 and all obligations under
Section 5 shall also remain in effect. If the purchase of the Offered Securities
by the Underwriters is not consummated for any reason other than solely because
of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 8 or the occurrence of
any event specified in clause (iii), (iv), (vi), (vii) or (viii) of Section
6(c), the Company will reimburse the Underwriters for all out-of-pocket expenses
(including fees and disbursements of counsel) reasonably incurred by them in
connection with the offering of the Offered Securities.
10. Notices. All communications hereunder will be in writing and, if
sent to the Underwriters, will be mailed, delivered or faxed and confirmed to
the Representatives, c/o Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, Eleven Madison Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 10010-3629, Attention: Transactions Advisory Group (fax: (212)
325-4296), or, if sent to the Company, will be mailed, delivered or faxed and
confirmed to it at 2801 Post Oak Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77056, Attention:
General Counsel (fax (713) 629-6239); provided, however, that any notice to an
Underwriter pursuant to Section 7 will be mailed, delivered or faxed and
confirmed to such Underwriter.
11. Successors. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers and directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 7, and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder.
12. Representation. The Representatives will act for the several Underwriters in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and any action under this Agreement taken by the Representatives jointly or by CSFB (provided, however, CSFB will not take any such action without obtaining the consent of the other Representatives) will be binding upon all the Underwriters.
13. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same Agreement.
14. APPLICABLE LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS.
The Company hereby submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the Federal and state courts in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
If the foregoing is in accordance with the Representatives' understanding of our agreement, kindly sign and return to the Company one of the counterparts hereof, whereupon it will become a binding agreement between the Company and the several Underwriters in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
Title:
The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby
confirmed and accepted as of the
date first above written.
CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON LLC
J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES INC.
DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.
Acting on behalf of themselves and as the
Representatives of the
several Underwriters.
By CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON LLC
By J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES INC.
By DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.
SCHEDULE A
NUMBER OF FIRM SECURITIES UNDERWRITER TO BE SOLD BY THE COMPANY ----------- ------------------------- Credit Suisse First Boston LLC............................... J.P. Morgan Securities Inc................................... Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (other than Directed Shares)... Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (Directed Shares).............. Banc of America Securities LLC............................... Goldman, Sachs & Co. ........................................ UBS Securities LLC .......................................... ------------------------- Total............................. ========================= |
EXHIBIT A
MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES
NORTH AMERICAN BRISTOL CORPORATION
NORTH AMERICAN PIPE CORPORATION
WESTLAKE STYRENE LP
WESTLAKE POLYMERS LP
WPT LP
WESTECH BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.
WESTLAKE PETROCHEMICALS LP
WESTLAKE PVC CORPORATION
WESTLAKE VINYLS, INC.
EXHIBIT B
FORM OF LOCKUP LETTER
____, 2004
Westlake Chemical Corporation
2801 Post Oak Boulevard
Houston, Texas 77056
Credit Suisse First Boston LLC
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
As Representatives of the Several Underwriters
c/o Credit Suisse First Boston LLC
Eleven Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010-3629
Dear Sirs:
As an inducement to the Underwriters to execute the Underwriting Agreement, pursuant to which an offering will be made that is intended to result in the establishment of a public market for common stock (the "SECURITIES") of Westlake Chemical Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and any successor (by merger or otherwise) thereto (the "COMPANY"), the undersigned hereby agrees that from the date hereof and until 180 days after the public offering date set forth on the final prospectus used to sell the Securities (the "PUBLIC OFFERING DATE") pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, to which you are or expect to become parties, the undersigned will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any Securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any Securities, enter into a transaction which would have the same effect, or enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Securities, whether any such aforementioned transaction is to be settled by delivery of the Securities or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly disclose the intention to make any such offer, sale, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any such transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangement, without, in each case, the prior written consent the Representatives. In addition, the undersigned agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, it will not, during the period commencing on the date hereof and ending 180 days after the Public Offering Date, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any Securities or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for the Securities.
Any Securities received upon exercise of options granted to the undersigned will also be subject to this Agreement. Any Securities acquired by the undersigned in the open market will not be subject to this Agreement. A transfer of Securities to a family member or trust may be made, provided the transferee agrees to be bound in writing by the terms of this Agreement prior to such transfer and such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value.
[FOR PURPOSES OF THE LOCKUP LETTER EXECUTED BY WESTLAKE POLYMER &
PETROCHEMICAL, INC. BUT NOT FOR ANY OTHER LOCKUP LETTERS (INCLUDING THE LOCKUP LETTER EXECUTED BY TTWF LP), THE FOLLOWING LANGUAGE MAY BE INCLUDED: For the avoidance of doubt, this lockup letter will not apply to any of the transactions described in the Prospectus under the caption "The Transactions."]
In furtherance of the foregoing, the Company and its transfer agent and registrar are hereby authorized to decline to make any transfer of shares of Securities if such transfer would constitute a violation or breach of this Agreement.
This Agreement shall be binding on the undersigned and the successors, heirs, personal representatives and assigns of the undersigned. This Agreement shall lapse and become null and void if (i) the Public Offering Date shall not have occurred on or before October 31, 2004, (ii) the Underwriting Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms or (iii) prior to the execution and delivery of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company notifies you in writing that it has abandoned the offering of the Securities.
Very truly yours,
EXHIBIT 3.1
AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
FIRST: The name of the Corporation is Westlake Chemical Corporation (hereinafter, the "Corporation").
SECOND: The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is The Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Zip Code 19801, and the name of the registered agent of the Corporation at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.
THIRD: The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL").
FOURTH: The aggregate number of shares of capital stock that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 200,000,000 (Two Hundred Million), of which 150,000,000 (One Hundred Fifty Million) shares are classified as common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock"), and 50,000,000 (Fifty Million) shares are classified as preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Preferred Stock").
The Corporation may issue shares of any class or series of its capital stock from time to time for such consideration and for such corporate purposes as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the "Board of Directors") may from time to time determine.
The following is a statement of the powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, of the Preferred Stock and the Common Stock:
DIVISION A. PREFERRED STOCK
The shares of Preferred Stock may be divided into and issued in one or more series, the relative rights, powers and preferences of which series may vary in any and all respects. The Board of Directors is expressly vested with the authority to fix, by resolution or resolutions adopted prior to and providing for the issuance of any shares of each particular series of Preferred Stock and incorporate in a certificate of designations filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, the designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, of the shares of each series of Preferred Stock, to the extent not provided for in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, and with the authority to increase or decrease the number of shares within each such series; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may not decrease the number of shares within a series of Preferred Stock below the number of shares within such series that is then outstanding. The authority of the Board of Directors with respect to fixing the designations, powers, preferences,
rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions of each such series of Preferred Stock shall include, but not be limited to, determination of the following:
(1) the distinctive designation and number of shares of that series;
(2) the rate of dividends (or the method of calculation thereof) payable with respect to shares of that series, the dates, terms and other conditions upon which such dividends shall be payable, and the relative rights of priority of such dividends to dividends payable on any other class or series of capital stock of the Corporation;
(3) the nature of the dividend payable with respect to shares of that series as cumulative, noncumulative or partially cumulative, and if cumulative or partially cumulative, from which date or dates and under what circumstances;
(4) whether shares of that series shall be subject to redemption, and, if made subject to redemption, the times, prices, rates, adjustments and other terms and conditions of such redemption (including the manner of selecting shares of that series for redemption if fewer than all shares of such series are to be redeemed);
(5) the rights of the holders of shares of that series in the event of voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation (which rights may be different if such action is voluntary than if it is involuntary), including the relative rights of priority in such event as to the rights of the holders of any other class or series of capital stock of the Corporation;
(6) the terms, amounts and other conditions of any sinking or similar purchase or other fund provided for the purchase or redemption of shares of that series;
(7) whether shares of that series shall be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock or other securities of the Corporation or of any other corporation or entity, and, if provision be made for conversion or exchange, the times, prices, rates, adjustments, and other terms and conditions of such conversion or exchange;
(8) the extent, if any, to which the holders of shares of that series shall be entitled (in addition to any voting rights required by law) to vote as a class or otherwise with respect to the election of directors or otherwise;
(9) the restrictions and conditions, if any, upon the issue or reissue of any additional Preferred Stock ranking on a parity with or prior to shares of that series as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up;
(10) any other repurchase obligations of the Corporation, subject to any limitations of applicable law; and
(11) any other designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations or restrictions of shares of that series.
Any of the designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations or restrictions of any series of Preferred Stock may be dependent on facts ascertainable outside this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or outside the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such series of Preferred Stock adopted by the Board of Directors pursuant to authority expressly vested in it by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Except as applicable law or this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation otherwise may require, the terms of any series of Preferred Stock may be amended without consent of the holders of any other series of Preferred Stock or any class of capital stock of the Corporation.
The relative powers, preferences and rights of each series of Preferred Stock in relation to the powers, preferences and rights of each other series of Preferred Stock shall, in each case, be as fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors in the resolution or resolutions adopted pursuant to the authority granted in this Division A of this Article FOURTH, and the consent, by class or series vote or otherwise, of holders of Preferred Stock of such series of Preferred Stock as are from time to time outstanding shall not be required for the issuance by the Board of Directors of any other series of Preferred Stock, whether or not the powers, preferences and rights of such other series shall be fixed by the Board of Directors as senior to, or on a parity with, the powers, preferences and rights of such outstanding series, or any of them; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may provide in such resolution or resolutions adopted with respect to any series of Preferred Stock that the consent of holders of at least a majority (or such greater proportion as shall be therein fixed) of the outstanding shares of such series voting thereon shall be required for the issuance of shares of any or all other series of Preferred Stock.
Shares of any series of Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights except as required by law or as provided in the relative powers, preferences and rights of such series.
DIVISION B. COMMON STOCK
1. Dividends. Dividends may be paid on the Common Stock, as the Board of Directors shall from time to time determine, out of any assets of the Corporation available for such dividends after full cumulative dividends on all outstanding shares of capital stock of all series ranking senior to the Common Stock in respect of dividends and liquidation rights (referred to in this Division B as "stock ranking senior to the Common Stock") have been paid, or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set apart, for all past quarterly dividend periods, and after or concurrently with making payment of or provision for dividends on the stock ranking senior to the Common Stock for the then current quarterly dividend period.
2. Distribution of Assets. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, or any reduction or decrease of its capital stock resulting in a distribution of assets to the holders of the Common Stock, after there shall have been paid to or set aside for the holders of the stock ranking senior to the Common Stock the full preferential amounts to which they are respectively entitled, the holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled to receive, pro rata, all of the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders. The Board of Directors may distribute in kind to the holders of the Common Stock such remaining assets of the Corporation, or may sell, transfer or otherwise
dispose of all or any of the remaining property and assets of the Corporation to any other corporation or other purchaser and receive payment therefor wholly or partly in cash or property, and/or in stock of any such corporation, and/or in obligations of such corporation or other purchaser, and may sell all or any part of the consideration received therefor and distribute the same or the proceeds thereof to the holders of the Common Stock.
3. Voting Rights. Subject to the voting rights expressly conferred under prescribed conditions upon the stock ranking senior to the Common Stock, the holders of the Common Stock shall exclusively possess full voting power for the election of directors and for all other purposes.
DIVISION C. OTHER PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO THE CORPORATION'S CAPITAL STOCK
1. Preemptive Rights. No holder of any stock of the Corporation shall be entitled as of right to purchase or subscribe for any part of any unissued or treasury stock of the Corporation, or of any additional stock of any class, to be issued by reason of any increase of the authorized capital stock of the Corporation, or to be issued from any unissued or additionally authorized stock, or of bonds, certificates of indebtedness, debentures or other securities convertible into stock of the Corporation, but any such unissued or treasury stock, or any such additional authorized issue of new stock or securities convertible into stock, may be issued and disposed of by the Board of Directors to such persons, firms, corporations or associations, and upon such terms as the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine, without offering to the stockholders then of record, or any class of stockholders, any thereof, on the same terms or any terms.
2. Votes Per Share. Any holder of Common Stock of the Corporation having the right to vote at any meeting of the stockholders or of any class or series thereof, shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by him, provided that no holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to cumulate his votes for the election of one or more directors or for any other purpose.
FIFTH: (a) Directors. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the authority and powers conferred on the Board of Directors by the DGCL or by the other provisions of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors is authorized and empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the DGCL, this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws of the Corporation; provided, however, that no Bylaws hereafter adopted, or any amendments thereto, shall invalidate any prior act of the Board of Directors that would have been valid if such Bylaws or amendment had not been adopted.
(b) Number, Election and Terms of Directors. The number of directors that shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be fixed from time to time by a majority of the directors then in office, subject to an increase in the number of directors by reason of any provisions contained in or established pursuant to Article FOURTH, but in any event shall not be less than one nor more than 11, plus that number of directors who may be
elected by the holders of any one or more series of Preferred Stock voting separately as a class pursuant to the provisions applicable in the case or arrearages in the payment of dividends or other defaults contained in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Board of Directors' resolution providing for the establishment of any series of Preferred Stock. The directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, shall be divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. Each director shall serve for a term ending on the third annual meeting of stockholders following the annual meeting of stockholders at which that director was elected; provided, however, that the directors first designated as Class I directors shall serve for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders next following the date of their designation as Class I directors, the directors first designated as Class II directors shall serve for a term expiring at the second annual meeting of stockholders next following the date of their designation as Class II directors, and the directors first designated as Class III directors shall serve for a term expiring at the third annual meeting of stockholders next following the date of their designation as Class III directors. Each director shall hold office until the annual meeting of stockholders at which that director's term expires and, the foregoing notwithstanding, shall serve until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.
At each annual election, the directors chosen to succeed those whose terms then expire shall be of the same class as the directors they succeed, unless, by reason of any intervening changes in the authorized number of directors, the Board of Directors shall have designated one or more directorships whose term then expires as directorships of another class in order to more nearly achieve equality of number of directors among the classes.
In the event of any change in the authorized number of directors, each director then continuing to serve as such shall nevertheless continue as a director of the class of which he is a member until the expiration of his current term, or his earlier death, resignation or removal. The Board of Directors shall specify the class to which a newly created directorship shall be allocated.
Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws of the Corporation so provide.
(c) Removal of Directors. No director of the Corporation may be removed from office as a director by vote or other action of the stockholders or otherwise except for cause, and then only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Except as applicable law otherwise provides, cause for the removal of a director shall be deemed to exist only if the director whose removal is proposed: (i) has been convicted, or has been granted immunity to testify in any proceeding in which another has been convicted, of a felony by a court of competent jurisdiction and that conviction is no longer subject to direct appeal; (ii) has been found to have been negligent or guilty of misconduct in the performance of his duties to the Corporation in any matter of substantial importance to the Corporation by (A) the affirmative vote of at least eighty percent (80%) of the directors then in office at any meeting of the Board of Directors called for
that purpose or (B) a court of competent jurisdiction; or (iii) has been adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction to be mentally incompetent, which mental incompetency directly affects his ability to serve as a director of the Corporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, whenever holders of outstanding shares of one or more series of Preferred Stock are entitled to elect members of the Board of Directors voting separately as a class pursuant to the provisions applicable in the case of arrearages in the payment of dividends or other defaults contained in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Board of Directors' resolution providing for the establishment of any series of Preferred Stock, any such director of the Corporation so elected may be removed in accordance with the provisions of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or that Board of Directors' resolution. The foregoing provisions are subject to the terms of any series of Preferred Stock with respect to the directors to be elected solely by the holders of such series of Preferred Stock.
(d) Vacancies. Except as a Board of Directors' resolution providing for the establishment of any series of Preferred Stock may provide otherwise, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, removal, disqualification or other cause shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the new directorship was created or the vacancy occurred and until that director's successor shall have been elected and qualified or until his earlier death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. The foregoing provisions are subject to the terms of any Preferred Stock with respect to the directors to be elected solely by the holders of such Preferred Stock.
(e) Amendment of this Article FIFTH. In addition to any other affirmative vote required by applicable law, this Article FIFTH may not be amended, modified or repealed except by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
SIXTH: (a) Action by Written Consent; Special Meetings. No action required to be taken or that may be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation may be taken without a meeting, and the power of the stockholders of the Corporation to consent in writing to the taking of any action by written consent without a meeting is specifically denied, unless such action without a meeting is taken by unanimous written consent. Unless otherwise provided by the DGCL, by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or by any provisions established pursuant to Article FOURTH hereof with respect to the rights of holders of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock, special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation may be called at any time only by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there is one, or by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the members of the Board of Directors, and no such special meeting may be called by any other person or persons.
(b) Amendment of this Article SIXTH. In addition to any other affirmative vote required by applicable law, this Article SIXTH may not be amended, modified or repealed except by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
SEVENTH: No director of the Corporation shall be personally
liable to the Corporation or any of its stockholders for monetary damages for
breach of fiduciary duty as a director of the Corporation; provided, however,
that this Article SEVENTH shall not eliminate or limit the liability of such a
director (1) for any breach of such director's duty of loyalty to the
Corporation or its stockholders, (2) for acts or omissions not in good faith or
which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (3) under
Section 174 of the DGCL, as the same exists or as such provision may hereafter
be amended, supplemented or replaced, or (4) for any transactions from which
such director derived an improper personal benefit. If the DGCL is amended after
the filing of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to
authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal
liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Corporation, in
addition to the limitation on personal liability provided herein, shall be
limited to the fullest extent permitted by such law, as so amended. Any repeal
or modification of this Article SEVENTH by the stockholders of the Corporation
shall be prospective only, and shall not adversely affect any limitation on the
personal liability of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of such
repeal or modification.
EIGHTH: (a) Certain Acknowledgments. In recognition and
anticipation (i) that the TTWF Persons may serve as directors and/or officers of
the Corporation, (ii) that the TTWF Persons may engage and are expected to
continue to engage in the same, similar or related lines of business as those in
which the Corporation Persons, directly or indirectly, may engage and/or other
business activities, in each case that may overlap with or compete with those in
which the Corporation Persons, directly or indirectly, may engage, and that the
TTWF Persons may compete with the Corporation Persons in any of such business
lines and/or business activities, (iii) that the TTWF Persons may have an
interest in the same areas of corporate opportunity as the Corporation Persons,
(iv) that the TTWF Persons may engage in material business transactions with the
Corporation Persons, and (v) that, as a consequence of the foregoing, it is in
the best interests of the Corporation that the respective rights and duties of
the Corporation and of the TTWF Persons, and the duties of any directors,
officers or employees of the Corporation who are also TTWF Persons, be
determined and delineated in respect of any transactions between, or
opportunities that may be suitable for both, the Corporation Persons, on the one
hand, and the TTWF Persons, on the other hand, and in recognition of the
benefits to be derived by the Corporation through its continual contractual,
corporate and business relations with the TTWF Persons (including possible
service of TTWF Persons as officers, directors and employees of the
Corporation), the provisions of this Article EIGHTH shall to the fullest extent
permitted by law regulate and define the conduct of certain of the businesses
and affairs of the Corporation in relation to the TTWF Persons and the conduct
of certain affairs of the Corporation as they may involve the TTWF Persons and
their officers, directors, employees and equity owners, and the power, rights,
duties and liabilities of the Corporation and its officers, directors, employees
and stockholders in connection therewith. Any person purchasing or
otherwise acquiring any shares of capital stock of the Corporation, or any interest therein, shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of this Article EIGHTH.
(b) Certain Agreements and Transactions Permitted;
Certain Fiduciary Duties of Certain Stockholders, Directors and Officers. The
Corporation may from time to time enter into and perform, and cause or permit
any Corporation Person to enter into and perform, one or more agreements (or
modifications or supplements to pre-existing agreements) with any TTWF Person
pursuant to which the Corporation Person, on the one hand, and the TTWF Person,
on the other hand, agree to engage in transactions of any kind or nature with
each other and/or agree to compete, or to refrain from competing or to limit or
restrict their competition, with each other, including to allocate and to cause
their respective directors, officers and employees (including any who are
directors, officers or employees of both) to allocate opportunities between or
to refer opportunities to each other. Subject to paragraph (d) of this Article
EIGHTH, no such agreement, or the performance thereof by any Corporation Person
or TTWF Person (or the grant or refusal to grant waivers thereunder) shall to
the fullest extent permitted by law be considered contrary to (i) any fiduciary
duty that the TTWF Persons may owe to any Corporation Person or to any
stockholder or other owner of an equity interest in any Corporation Person by
reason of a TTWF Person being a controlling or significant stockholder of any
Corporation Person or participating in the control of any Corporation Person or
(ii) any fiduciary duty of any director, officer or employee of any Corporation
Person who is also a TTWF Person to a Corporation Person, or to any stockholder
thereof. Subject to paragraph (d) of this Article EIGHTH, to the fullest extent
permitted by law, no TTWF Person, as a stockholder of any Corporation Person, or
participant in control of any Corporation Person, shall have or be under any
fiduciary duty to refrain from entering into any agreement or participating in
any transaction referred to above, and no director, officer or employee of the
Corporation who is also a TTWF Person shall have or be under any fiduciary duty
to any Corporation Person to refrain from acting on behalf of the Corporation
Persons or of the TTWF Persons in respect of any such agreement or transaction
or performing any such agreement in accordance with its terms.
(c) Similar Activities or Lines of Business. Except
as otherwise agreed in writing between the Corporation and TTWF, the TTWF
Persons shall to the fullest extent permitted by law have no duty to refrain
from (i) engaging in the same or similar activities or lines of business as the
Corporation Persons and (ii) doing business with any client, customer or vendor
of the Corporation Persons, and no TTWF Person (except as provided in paragraph
(d) of this Article EIGHTH) shall to the fullest extent permitted by law be
deemed to have breached its or his fiduciary duties, if any, to the Corporation
by reason of the TTWF Person's engaging in any such activity. In the event that
the TTWF Persons acquire knowledge of a potential transaction or matter which
may be a corporate opportunity for both the Corporation Persons and the TTWF
Persons, the TTWF Persons shall to the fullest extent permitted by law have
fully satisfied and fulfilled their fiduciary duty with respect to such
corporate opportunity, and the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by
law renounces its interest in such business opportunity and waives any claim
that such business opportunity constituted a corporate opportunity that should
have been presented to the Corporation Persons, if the TTWF Persons act in a
manner consistent with the following policy: a corporate opportunity offered to
a TTWF Person shall belong to the TTWF Persons, unless such opportunity was
expressly offered in
writing to the TTWF Person solely in its capacity as a stockholder, officer, director or employee of the Corporation (the "Corporate Opportunity Policy"). In the case of any corporate opportunity in which the Corporation has renounced its interest in the previous sentence, the TTWF Persons shall to the fullest extent permitted by law not be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty as a stockholder of the Corporation by reason of the fact that the TTWF Person acquires or seeks such corporate opportunity for itself, directs such corporate opportunity to another person or entity, or otherwise does not communicate information regarding such corporate opportunity to the Corporation.
(d) Duties of Directors, Officers and Employees of the Corporation. In the event that a director, officer or employee of the Corporation who is also a TTWF Person acquires knowledge of a potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for both the Corporation Persons and the TTWF Persons, such director, officer or employee shall to the fullest extent permitted by law have fully satisfied and fulfilled his fiduciary duty with respect to such corporate opportunity, and the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by law renounces its interest in such business opportunity and waives any claim that such business opportunity constituted a corporate opportunity that should have been presented to the Corporation Persons, if such director, officer or employee acts in a manner consistent with the Corporate Opportunity Policy. In the case of any corporate opportunity in which the Corporation has renounced its interest in the previous sentence, such director, officer or employee shall to the fullest extent permitted by law not be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty as a director, officer or employee of the Corporation by reason of the fact that a TTWF Person acquires or seeks such corporate opportunity for itself, directs such corporate opportunity to another person or entity, or otherwise does not communicate information regarding such corporate opportunity to the Corporation.
(e) Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Article EIGHTH, "TTWF Persons" shall mean TTWF LP, a Delaware limited partnership, or any successor thereof ("TTWF"), any partner thereof, any person or entity that is controlled by TTWF, controls TTWF or is under common control with TTWF (other than the Corporation and any entity that is controlled by the Corporation) and any director, officer, employee or equity owner of any of the foregoing entities; and "Corporation Persons" shall mean the Corporation and any entities controlled by the Corporation.
(f) Amendment of This Article EIGHTH. In no event shall any amendment of this Article EIGHTH subject any TTWF Person or any director, officer or employee of the Corporation to liability for any act or omission occurring prior to such amendment for which such person would be deemed not to be liable under this Article EIGHTH prior to such amendment.
NINTH: The Board of Directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation. The Bylaws may be amended, in whole or in part, and new Bylaws may be adopted (i) by action of the Board of Directors; provided, however, that any proposed alteration, amendment or repeal of, or the adoption of any Bylaw inconsistent with, Section 3, 9, 10 or 11 of Article II of the Bylaws, Section 2, 4, 7, 10 or 11 of Article III of the Bylaws, Article V of the Bylaws or Section 1 of Article VII of the Bylaws, by the Board of
Directors shall require the affirmative vote of not less than 75% of all directors then in office at a regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors called for that purpose; or (ii) by the affirmative vote of the shares representing not less than 75% of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class; provided, that in the case of any such stockholder action at a meeting of stockholders, notice of the proposed alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of the new Bylaw or Bylaws must be contained in the notice of such meeting. In addition to any other affirmative vote required by applicable law, this Article NINTH may not be amended, modified or repealed except by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
TENTH: Whenever a compromise or arrangement is proposed between the Corporation and its creditors or any class of them and/or between the Corporation and its stockholders or any class of them, any court of equitable jurisdiction within the State of Delaware may, on the application in a summary way of the Corporation or of any creditor or stockholder thereof or on the application of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 291 of the DGCL or on the application of trustees in dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 279 of the DGCL, order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or the stockholders or a class of stockholders of the Corporation as the case may be, to be summoned in such manner as the said court directs. If a majority in number representing three-fourths in value of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation, as the case may be, agrees to any compromise or arrangement and to any reorganization of the Corporation as a consequence of such compromise or arrangement, the said compromise or arrangement and the said reorganization shall, if sanctioned by the court to which said application has been made, be binding on all of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or the stockholders or class of stockholders, of the Corporation, as the case may be, and also on the Corporation.
ELEVENTH: The Corporation has elected not to be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL.
EXHIBIT 3.2
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
Adopted and Amended by Resolution of the Board of Directors effective as of August 10, 2004
ARTICLE I
CAPITAL STOCK
Section 1. Share Ownership. Shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates; provided, however, that the Board of Directors of the Corporation may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of the Corporation's stock may be uncertificated shares. Owners of shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be recorded in the share transfer records of the Corporation, and ownership of such shares shall be evidenced by a certificate or book entry notation in the share transfer records of the Corporation. Any certificates representing such shares shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board, if there is one, the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Corporate Secretary. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon such certificate shall have ceased to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer at the date of its issuance.
Section 2. Stockholders of Record. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may appoint one or more transfer agents or registrars of any class of stock or other security of the Corporation. The Corporation may be its own transfer agent if so appointed by the Board of Directors. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any shares of the Corporation as the owner thereof for all purposes, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to, or interest in, such shares or any rights deriving from such shares, on the part of any other person, including (but without limitation) a purchaser, assignee or transferee, unless and until such other person becomes the holder of record of such shares, whether or not the Corporation shall have either actual or constructive notice of the interest of such other person.
Section 3. Transfer of Shares. The shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the share transfer records of the Corporation by the holder of record thereof, or his duly authorized attorney or legal representative. All certificates representing shares surrendered for transfer, properly endorsed, shall be canceled and new certificates for a like number of shares shall be issued therefor. In the case of lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated certificates representing shares for which the Corporation has been requested to issue new certificates, new certificates or other evidence of such new shares may be issued upon such conditions as may be required by the Board of Directors or the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Corporate Secretary for the protection of the Corporation and any transfer agent or registrar. Uncertificated shares shall be transferred in the share transfer records of the Corporation upon the written instruction originated by the appropriate person to transfer the shares.
Section 4. Stockholders of Record and Fixing of Record Date. For the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive a distribution by the Corporation (other than a distribution involving a purchase or redemption by the Corporation of any of its own shares) or a share dividend, or in order to make a determination of stockholders for any other proper purpose, the Board of Directors may provide that the share transfer records shall be closed for a stated period of not more than 60 days, and in the case of a meeting of stockholders not less than ten days, immediately preceding the meeting, or it may fix in advance a record date for any such determination of stockholders, such date to be not more than 60 days, and in the case of a meeting of stockholders not less than ten days, prior to the date on which the particular action requiring such determination of stockholders is to be taken. If the share transfer records are not closed and no record date is fixed for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders, or stockholders entitled to receive a distribution (other than a distribution involving a purchase or redemption by the Corporation of any of its own shares) or a share dividend, the day next preceding the date on which notice of the meeting is mailed or the date on which the resolution of the Board of Directors declaring such distribution or share dividend is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date for such determination of stockholders. When a determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders has been made as herein provided, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof except where the determination has been made through the closing of the share transfer records and the stated period of closing has expired.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation, in the City of Houston, Texas, or at such other place within or without the State of Delaware as may be designated by the Board of Directors or officer calling the meeting.
Section 2. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or as may otherwise be stated in the notice of the meeting. Failure to designate a time for the annual meeting or to hold the annual meeting at the designated time shall not work a dissolution of the Corporation.
Section 3. Special Meetings. Unless otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"), by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation attached as Annex A to the Certificate of Merger merging Westlake Polymer & Petrochemical, Inc. with and into Westlake Chemical Corporation filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on August 6, 2004 (as it may be further amended or restated from time to time, the "Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation") or by any provisions established pursuant thereto with respect to the rights of holders of one or more outstanding series of the Corporation's preferred stock, special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation may be called at any time only by the Chairman of the Board, if there is one, or by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved by the
affirmative vote of at least a majority of the members of the Board of Directors, and no such special meeting may be called by any other person or persons.
Section 4. Notice of Meeting. Notice of all meetings stating the place, day and hour of the meeting and, in case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be delivered not less than ten nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting, either personally or by mail or in any other manner allowed by the DGCL, by or at the direction of the Chairman of the Board, if there is one, the Chief Executive Officer, if there is one, the President, the Corporate Secretary or the officer or person calling the meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meetings. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on the share transfer records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid. To the fullest extent permitted by Section 233 of the DGCL, if the stockholder consents, only one copy of such notice need be delivered to stockholders who share an address. If sent by facsimile, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice. If sent by electronic mail, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice.
Any notice required to be given to any stockholder, under any provision of the DGCL, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, need not be given to a stockholder if notice of two consecutive annual meetings and all notices of meetings held during the period between those annual meetings, if any, or all (but in no event less than two) payments (if sent by first class mail) of dividends or interest on securities during a 12-month period have been mailed to that person, addressed to his address as shown on the share transfer records of the Corporation, and have been returned undeliverable. Any action or meeting taken or held without notice to such person shall have the same force and effect as if the notice had been duly given. If such a person delivers to the Corporation a written notice setting forth his then current address, the requirement that notice be given to that person shall be reinstated.
Section 5. Voting List. The officer or agent having charge of the share transfer records of the Corporation shall make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting or any adjournment thereof, arranged in alphabetical order, with the address of and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder, which list, for a period of ten days prior to such meeting, shall be kept on file at the principal place of business of the Corporation and shall be subject to inspection by any stockholder at any time during usual business hours. Such list shall also be produced and kept open at the time and place of the meeting and shall be subject to the inspection of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting. The original share transfer records shall be prima facie evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine such list or to vote at any meeting of stockholders. Failure to comply with any requirements of this Section 5 shall not affect the validity of any action taken at such meeting.
Section 6. Voting; Proxies. Except as otherwise provided in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or as otherwise provided under the DGCL, each holder of shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote shall be entitled to one vote for each share
standing in his name on the records of the Corporation, either in person or by proxy executed in writing by him or by his duly authorized attorney-in-fact or, if the proxy is not executed in writing, then in a manner approved by the Board of Directors, a duly authorized committee of the Board, the Chairman of the Board, or the Corporate Secretary or by any other proxy allowed under Section 212 of the DGCL. A proxy shall be revocable unless expressly provided therein to be irrevocable, and the proxy is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. At each election of directors, every holder of shares of the Corporation entitled to vote shall have the right to vote, in person or by proxy, the number of shares owned by him for as many persons as there are directors to be elected, and for whose election he has a right to vote, but in no event shall he be permitted to cumulate his votes for one or more directors.
Section 7. Quorum and Vote of Stockholders. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the holders of shares of capital stock entitled to cast a majority of all the votes which could be cast at such meeting by the holders of all of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote on any matter that is to be voted on at such meeting, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders, provided that, where a separate vote by a class or series or classes or series is required, a quorum with respect to such matter shall consist of a majority of the shares of such class or series or classes or series, and in such case the absence of a quorum with respect to such matter shall not affect the existence of a quorum with respect to any other matter. If a quorum is not represented, a majority in interest of those represented may adjourn the meeting from time to time. At all meetings of stockholders for the election of directors, a plurality of the votes cast by holders of shares entitled to vote in the election of directors at the meeting shall be sufficient to elect. In the case of a matter submitted for action by the stockholders at the direction of the Board of Directors as to which a stockholder approval requirement is applicable under a rule or policy of a national stock exchange or quotation system or any provision of the Internal Revenue Code or under Rule 16b-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), in each case for which no higher voting requirement is specified by law, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the vote required for approval shall be the requisite vote specified in such rule or policy or Internal Revenue Code provision or Rule 16b-3, as the case may be (or the highest such requirement if more than one is applicable). Unless otherwise required by applicable law, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, for approval or ratification of any matter approved and recommended by the Board of Directors, including, without limitation, the appointment of independent public accountants (if submitted for a vote at the direction of the Board of Directors), the vote required for approval or ratification shall be a majority of the votes cast on the matter, voted for or against.
Section 8. Presiding Officer and Conduct of Meetings. The Chairman of the Board, if there is one, or in his absence, the Chief Executive Officer, if there is one, or in his absence, the President, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders or, if such officers are not present at a meeting, by such other person as the Board of Directors shall designate or if no such person is designated by the Board of Directors, the most senior officer of the Corporation present at the meeting. The Corporate Secretary of the Corporation, if present, shall act as secretary of each meeting of stockholders; if he is not present at a meeting, then such person as may be designated by the presiding officer shall act as secretary of the meeting. The conduct of any meeting of
stockholders and the determination of procedure and rules shall be within the discretion of the officer presiding at such meeting (the "Chairman of the Meeting"), and there shall be no appeal from any ruling of the Chairman of the Meeting with respect to procedure or rules. Accordingly, in any meeting of stockholders or part thereof, the Chairman of the Meeting shall have the sole power to determine appropriate rules or to dispense with theretofore prevailing rules.
Section 9. Proper Business--Annual Meeting of Stockholders. At any
annual meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall
be a proper subject for the meeting and as shall have been properly brought
before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting of
stockholders, business (other than business relating to any nomination of
directors, which is governed by Article III, Section 4 of these Bylaws) must (a)
be specified in the notice of such meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by
or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee
thereof), (b) otherwise be properly brought before the meeting by or at the
direction of the Chairman of the Meeting or the Board of Directors (or any duly
authorized committee thereof) or (c) otherwise (i) be properly requested to be
brought before the meeting by a stockholder of record entitled to vote in the
election of directors generally, in compliance with the provisions of this
Section 9 and (ii) constitute a proper subject to be brought before such
meeting. For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting of
stockholders, any stockholder who intends to bring any matter (other than a
matter relating to any nomination of directors, which is governed by Article
III, Section 4 of these Bylaws) before an annual meeting of stockholders and is
entitled to vote on such matter must deliver written notice of such
stockholder's intent to bring such matter before the annual meeting of
stockholders, either by personal delivery or by United States mail, postage
prepaid, to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation. Such notice must be
received by the Corporate Secretary not less than 120 days nor more than 180
days prior to the date on which the immediately preceding year's annual meeting
of stockholders was held; provided, however, that in the event that the date of
the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such
anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered
not later than the close of business on the later of the 120th day prior to such
annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of
the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the
public disclosure of an adjournment of an annual meeting of stockholders
commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder's notice as described
above.
To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Corporate Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting of stockholders (a) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting, (b) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation's books and records, of the stockholder proposing such business, (c) evidence, reasonably satisfactory to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation, of such stockholder's status as such and of the number of shares of each class of capital stock of the Corporation of which such stockholder is the beneficial owner, (d) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and any other person or persons (including their names and the number of shares beneficially owned by them) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and any material interest of such stockholder in such business and (e) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting. No business shall be
conducted at an annual meeting of stockholders except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 9. Beneficial ownership shall be determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act. When used in these Bylaws, "person" has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as the context may require.
The Chairman of the Meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a proposal made by a stockholder of the Corporation pursuant to this Section 9 was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these Bylaws, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective proposal shall be disregarded.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the stockholders may, by unanimous written consent, waive the notice procedures of this Section 9.
Nothing in this Section 9 shall be interpreted or construed to require the inclusion of information about any such proposal in any proxy statement distributed by, at the direction of, or on behalf of, the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
Section 10. Proper Business--Special Meeting of Stockholders. At any special meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been set forth in the notice of such meeting or shall otherwise have been properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof).
Section 11. Action by Written Consent. Unless otherwise provided by the DGCL or the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, no action required to be taken or that may be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation may be taken without a meeting, and the power of the stockholders of the Corporation to consent in writing to the taking of any action by written consent without a meeting is specifically denied, unless such action without a meeting is taken by unanimous written consent.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 1. General. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the authority and powers conferred on the Board of Directors by the DGCL or by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors is authorized and empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the DGCL, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and these Bylaws; provided, however, that no Bylaws hereafter adopted, or any amendments thereto, shall invalidate any prior act of the Board of Directors that would have been valid if such Bylaws or amendment had not been adopted.
Section 2. Classification of Board of Directors; Qualifications. Each director elected solely by the holders of Preferred Stock pursuant to Division A of Article FOURTH of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (or elected by such directors to fill a vacancy) shall, except as otherwise provided pursuant to the Certificate of Designations for such series of Preferred Stock, serve for a term ending upon the earlier of the election of his successor
or the termination at any time of a right of the holders of Preferred Stock to elect members of the Board of Directors.
The number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be fixed in the manner provided in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. As provided in Article FIFTH of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, shall be divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III.
At each annual election, the directors chosen to succeed those whose terms then expire shall be of the same class as the directors they succeed, unless, by reason of any intervening changes in the authorized number of directors, the Board of Directors shall designate one or more directorships whose term then expires as directorships of another class in order more nearly to achieve equality of number of directors among the classes.
In the event of any change in the authorized number of directors, each director then continuing to serve as such shall nevertheless continue as a director of the class of which he or she is a member until the expiration of his or her current term, or his or her prior death, resignation, disqualification or removal. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.
Section 3. Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies. Within the limits specified in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the number of directors that shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be fixed by, and may be increased or decreased from time to time by, the affirmative vote of a majority of the members at any time constituting the Board of Directors. Except as provided in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, removal, disqualification or other cause shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the new directorship was created or the vacancy occurred and until that director's successor shall have been elected and qualified or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.
Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph of this Section 3, whenever holders of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock are entitled to elect members of the Board of Directors pursuant to the provisions of Division A of Article FOURTH of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, any vacancy or vacancies resulting by reason of the death, resignation, disqualification or removal of any director or directors or any increase in the number of directors shall be filled in accordance with the provisions of such Division.
Section 4. Nomination of Directors. Nominations for the election of directors may be made by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder (each, a "Nominator") entitled to vote in the election of directors. Such nominations, other than those made by the Board of Directors, shall be made in writing pursuant to timely notice delivered to or mailed and received by the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation as set forth in this Section 4 and shall include the
information required under this Section 4. To be timely in connection with an annual meeting of stockholders, a Nominator's notice, setting forth the name and address of the person to be nominated, shall be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 120 days nor more than 180 days prior to the date on which the immediately preceding year's annual meeting of stockholders was held; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not later than the close of business on the later of the 120th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. To be timely in connection with any election of a director at a special meeting of the stockholders, a Nominator's notice, setting forth the name of the person to be nominated, shall be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 40 days nor more than 60 days prior to the date of such meeting; provided, however, that in the event that less than 55 days' notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the special meeting of the stockholders is given or made to the stockholders, the Nominator's notice to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made. At such time, the Nominator shall also submit written evidence, reasonably satisfactory to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation, that the Nominator is a stockholder of the Corporation and shall identify in writing (a) the name and address of the Nominator, (b) the number of shares of each class or series of capital stock of the Corporation owned beneficially by the Nominator, (c) the name and address of each of the persons with whom the Nominator is acting in concert, (d) the number of shares of capital stock beneficially owned by each such person with whom the Nominator is acting in concert and (e) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the Nominator and each nominee and any other persons with whom the Nominator is acting in concert pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made. At such time, the Nominator shall also submit in writing (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of such proposed nominee, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of such proposed nominee, (iii) the number of shares of each class of capital stock of the Corporation beneficially owned by such proposed nominee, (iv) the written consent of such proposed nominee to having such person's name placed in nomination at the meeting and to serve as a director if elected, (v) any other information relating to such proposed nominee that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act and (vi) a notarized affidavit executed by each such proposed nominee to the effect that, if elected as a member of the Board of Directors, he will serve and that he is eligible for election as a member of the Board of Directors. Within 30 days (or such shorter time period that may exist prior to the date of the meeting) after the Nominator has submitted the aforesaid items to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation, the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation shall determine whether the evidence of the Nominator's status as a stockholder submitted by the Nominator is reasonably satisfactory and shall notify the Nominator in writing of his determination. The failure of the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation to find such evidence reasonably satisfactory, or the failure of the Nominator to submit the requisite information in the form or within the time indicated, shall make the person to be nominated ineligible for nomination at the meeting at which such person is proposed to be nominated. The Chairman of the Meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures
prescribed by these Bylaws, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded. Beneficial ownership shall be determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act.
Section 5. Place of Meetings and Meetings by Telephone. Meetings of the Board of Directors may be held either within or without the State of Delaware, at whatever place is specified by the officer calling the meeting. Meetings of the Board of Directors may also be held by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in such a meeting by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment shall constitute presence in person at such meeting, except where a director participates in a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. In the absence of specific designation by the officer calling the meeting, the meetings shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation.
Section 6. Regular Meetings. The Board of Directors shall meet each year immediately following the annual meeting of the stockholders for the transaction of such business as may properly be brought before the meeting. The Board of Directors shall also meet regularly at such other times as shall be designated by the Board of Directors. No notice of any kind to either existing or newly elected members of the Board of Directors for such annual or regular meetings shall be necessary. The time or place of holding regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be changed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President and Chief Executive Officer by giving written notice thereof as provided in Section 7 hereof.
Section 7. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time upon the call of the Chairman of the Board, if there is one, or a majority of the directors then in office. Written notice of the time and place of, and general nature of the business to be transacted at, all special meetings of the Board of Directors, shall be given to each director and may be given by any of the following methods: (a) by mail or telegram sent to the last known business address of such director at least four days before the meeting, (b) by facsimile to the business facsimile number of such director transmitted at least one day before the meeting or (c) orally at least one day before the meeting. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, notice shall be deemed given (i) by mail, when deposited in the U.S. mail, postage prepaid, or by telegram, when the telegram is delivered to the telegraph company for transmittal, (ii) by facsimile, when transmittal is confirmed by the sending facsimile machine and (iii) orally, when communicated in person or by telephone to the director or to a person at the business telephone number of the director who may reasonably be expected to communicate it to the director. In calculating the number of days notice received by a director, the date the notice is given by any of the foregoing methods shall be counted, but the date of the meeting to which the notice relates shall not be counted. Notice of the time, place and purpose of a meeting may be waived in writing before or after such meeting, and shall be equivalent to the giving of notice. Participation in a meeting of the Board of Directors shall constitute presence in person at such meeting, except when a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Except as otherwise herein provided, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.
Section 8. Quorum and Voting. Except as otherwise provided by law, a majority of the number of directors fixed in the manner provided in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors. Any regular or special directors' meeting may be adjourned from time to time by those present, whether a quorum is present or not.
Section 9. Compensation. Directors shall receive such compensation for their services as shall be determined by the Board of Directors.
Section 10. Removal. No director of the Corporation may be removed from office as a director by vote or other action of the stockholders or otherwise except for cause, and then only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
Except as applicable law otherwise provides, cause for the
removal of a director shall be deemed to exist only if the director whose
removal is proposed: (i) has been convicted, or has been granted immunity to
testify in any proceeding in which another has been convicted, of a felony by a
court of competent jurisdiction and that conviction is no longer subject to
direct appeal; (ii) has been found to have been negligent or guilty of
misconduct in the performance of his duties to the Corporation in any matter of
substantial importance to the Corporation by (A) the affirmative vote of at
least 80% of the directors then in office at any meeting of the Board of
Directors called for that purpose or (B) a court of competent jurisdiction; or
(iii) has been adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction to be mentally
incompetent, which mental incompetency directly affects his ability to serve as
a director of the Corporation.
No proposal by a stockholder to remove a director of the
Corporation shall be voted upon at a meeting of the stockholders unless such
stockholder shall have delivered or mailed in a timely manner (as set forth in
this Section 10) and in writing to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation
(a) notice of such proposal, (b) a statement of the grounds, if any, on which
such director is proposed to be removed, (c) evidence, reasonably satisfactory
to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation, of such stockholder's status as
such and of the number of shares of each class of the capital stock of the
Corporation beneficially owned by such stockholder and (d) a list of the names
and addresses of other beneficial owners of shares of the capital stock of the
Corporation, if any, with whom such stockholder is acting in concert, and of the
number of shares of each class of the capital stock of the Corporation
beneficially owned by each such beneficial owner. To be timely in connection
with an annual meeting of stockholders, a stockholder's notice and other
aforesaid items shall be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation not less than 120 days nor more than 180
days prior to the date on which the immediately preceding year's annual meeting
of stockholders was held; provided, however, that in the event that the date of
the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such
anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered
not later than the close of business on the later of the 120th day prior to such
annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of
the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. Within 30 days (or
such shorter period
that may exist prior to the date of the meeting) after such stockholder shall have delivered the aforesaid items to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation, the Corporate Secretary and the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall respectively determine whether the items to be ruled upon by them are reasonably satisfactory and shall notify such stockholder in writing of their respective determinations. If such stockholder fails to submit a required item in the form or within the time indicated, or if the Corporate Secretary or the Board of Directors of the Corporation determines that the items to be ruled upon by them are not reasonably satisfactory, then such proposal by such stockholder may not be voted upon by the stockholders of the Corporation at such annual meeting of the stockholders. The Chairman of the Meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a proposal to remove a director of the Corporation was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these Bylaws, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective proposal shall be disregarded. Beneficial ownership shall be determined as specified in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act.
All of the foregoing provisions of this Section 10 are subject to the terms of any series of Preferred Stock with respect to the directors to be elected solely by the holders of such series of Preferred Stock.
Section 11. Committees. The Board of Directors, by resolution or resolutions adopted by a majority of the full Board of Directors, may designate one or more members of the Board of Directors to constitute one or more committees, which shall in each case be comprised of such number of directors as the Board of Directors may determine from time to time. Subject to such restrictions as may be contained in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or that may be imposed by the DGCL, any such committee shall have and may exercise such powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation as the Board of Directors may determine by resolution and specify in the respective resolutions appointing them, including, without limitation, the power and authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock or to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger pursuant to Section 253 of the DGCL. Each duly authorized action taken with respect to a given matter by any such duly appointed committee of the Board of Directors shall have the same force and effect as the action of the full Board of Directors and shall constitute for all purposes the action of the full Board of Directors with respect to such matter.
The Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to change the membership of any such committee and to fill vacancies in it. A majority of the members of any such committee shall constitute a quorum. The Board of Directors shall name a chairman at the time it designates members to a committee. Each such committee shall appoint such subcommittees and assistants as it may deem necessary. Except as otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, meetings of any committee shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of Sections 5 and 7 of this Article III as the same shall from time to time be amended. Any member of any such committee elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed by the Board of Directors whenever in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation will be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Election or appointment of a member of a committee shall not of itself create contract rights.
Section 12. Standing Committees. The committees of the Board of Directors may include an audit committee, a compensation committee, a nominating and governance committee and an executive committee and any other committees designated by the Board of Directors.
Section 13. Board and Committee Action Without a Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Amended and Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing or by electronic transmission, setting forth the action so taken, is given by all the members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, and shall be filed with the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 1. Officers. The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a President and a Corporate Secretary and such other officers and agents as the Board of Directors may from time to time elect or appoint. The Board of Directors may delegate to the Chairman of the Board, if there is one, and/or the Chief Executive Officer, if there is one, the authority to appoint or remove additional officers and agents of the Corporation. Each officer shall hold office until his successor shall have been duly elected or appointed and shall qualify or until his death or until he shall resign or shall have been removed in the manner hereinafter provided. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.
Section 2. Vacancies; Removal. Whenever any vacancies shall occur in any office by death, resignation, increase in the number of offices of the Corporation or otherwise, the officer so elected shall hold office until his successor is chosen and qualified. The Board of Directors may at any time remove any officer of the Corporation, whenever in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation will be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Election or appointment of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights.
Section 3. Powers and Duties of Officers. The officers of the Corporation shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their offices as well as such powers and duties as from time to time shall be conferred by the Board of Directors. The Corporate Secretary shall have the duty to record the proceedings of the meetings of the stockholders and directors in a book to be kept for that purpose.
Section 4. Action with Respect to Securities of Other Corporations and Entities. Unless otherwise directed by the Board of Directors, the President, the Chief Executive Officer, any Vice President and the Treasurer of the Corporation shall each have power to vote and otherwise act on behalf of the Corporation, in person or by proxy, at any meeting of security holders of or with respect to any action of security holders of any other corporation or entity in which the Corporation may hold securities and otherwise to exercise any and all rights and powers that the Corporation may possess by reason of its ownership of securities in such other corporation or entity.
ARTICLE V
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 1. General. The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law in effect on the date of effectiveness of these Bylaws, and to such greater extent as applicable law may thereafter permit, indemnify and hold the Indemnitee harmless from and against any and all losses, liabilities, claims, damages and, subject to Article V, Section 2 (Expenses), Expenses (as this and all other capitalized words used in this Article V not previously defined in these Bylaws are defined in Article V, Section 16 (Definitions)), whatsoever arising out of any event or occurrence related to the fact that the Indemnitee is or was a director or Officer of the Corporation or is or was serving in another Corporate Status.
Section 2. Expenses. If the Indemnitee is, by reason of his Corporate Status, a party to and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding, he shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith. If the Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to any Matter in such Proceeding, the Corporation shall indemnify the Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf relating to such Matter. The termination of any Matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such Matter. To the extent that the Indemnitee is, by reason of his Corporate Status, a witness in any Proceeding, he shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith.
Section 3. Advances. In the event of any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding in which the Indemnitee is a party or is involved and that may give rise to a right of indemnification under this Article V, following written request to the Corporation by the Indemnitee, the Corporation shall promptly pay to the Indemnitee amounts to cover expenses reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in such proceeding in advance of its final disposition upon the receipt by the Corporation of (i) a written undertaking executed by or on behalf of the Indemnitee providing that the Indemnitee will repay the advance if it shall ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as provided in these Bylaws and (ii) satisfactory evidence as to the amount of such expenses.
Section 4. Repayment of Advances or Other Expenses. The Indemnitee agrees that the Indemnitee shall reimburse the Corporation for all expenses paid by the Corporation in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding against the Indemnitee in the event and only to the extent that it shall be determined pursuant to the provisions of this Article V or by final judgment or other final adjudication under the provisions of any applicable law that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation for such expenses.
Section 5. Request for Indemnification. To obtain indemnification, the Indemnitee shall submit to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation a written claim or request. Such written claim or request shall contain sufficient information to reasonably inform the Corporation about the nature and extent of the indemnification or advance sought by the Indemnitee.
The Corporate Secretary of the Corporation shall promptly advise the Board of Directors of such request.
Section 6. Determination of Entitlement; No Change of Control. If there has been no Change of Control at the time the request for indemnification is submitted, the Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification shall be determined in accordance with Section 145(d) of the DGCL. If entitlement to indemnification is to be determined by an Independent Counsel, the Corporation shall furnish notice to the Indemnitee within ten days after receipt of the request for indemnification, specifying the identity and address of Independent Counsel. The Indemnitee may, within 14 days after receipt of such written notice of selection, deliver to the Corporation a written objection to such selection. Such objection may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of Independent Counsel and the objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis for such assertion. If there is an objection to the selection of Independent Counsel, either the Corporation or the Indemnitee may petition the Court for a determination that the objection is without a reasonable basis and/or for the appointment of Independent Counsel selected by the Court.
Section 7. Determination of Entitlement; Change of Control. If there has been a Change of Control at the time the request for indemnification is submitted, the Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification shall be determined in a written opinion by the Independent Counsel selected by the Indemnitee. The Indemnitee shall give the Corporation written notice advising of the identity and address of the Independent Counsel so selected. The Corporation may, within seven days after receipt of such written notice of selection, deliver to the Indemnitee a written objection to such selection. The Indemnitee may, within five days after the receipt of such objection from the Corporation, submit the name of another Independent Counsel and the Corporation may, within seven days after receipt of such written notice of selection, deliver to the Indemnitee a written objection to such selection. Any objections referred to in this Section 7 may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of an Independent Counsel, and such objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis for such assertion. The Indemnitee may petition the Court for a determination that the Corporation's objection to the first and/or second selection of Independent Counsel is without a reasonable basis and/or for the appointment as Independent Counsel of a person selected by the Court.
Section 8. Procedures of Independent Counsel. If a Change of Control shall have occurred before the request for indemnification is sent by the Indemnitee, the Indemnitee shall be presumed (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article V) to be entitled to indemnification upon submission of a request for indemnification in accordance with Article V, Section 5 (Request for Indemnification), and thereafter the Corporation shall have the burden of proof to overcome the presumption in reaching a determination contrary to the presumption. The presumption shall be used by the Independent Counsel as a basis for a determination of entitlement to indemnification unless the Corporation provides information sufficient to overcome such presumption by clear and convincing evidence or the investigation, review and analysis of the Independent Counsel convinces him by clear and convincing evidence that the presumption should not apply.
Except in the event that the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by the Independent Counsel, if the person or persons empowered under Article V,
Section 6 (Determination of Entitlement; No Change of Control) or Section 7 (Determination of Entitlement; Change of Control) to determine entitlement to indemnification shall not have made and furnished to the Indemnitee in writing a determination within 60 days after receipt by the Corporation of the request therefor, the requisite determination of entitlement to indemnification shall be deemed to have been made and the Indemnitee shall be entitled to such indemnification unless the Indemnitee knowingly misrepresented a material fact in connection with the request for indemnification or such indemnification is prohibited by applicable law. The termination of any Proceeding or of any Matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article V) of itself adversely affect the right of the Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that the Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that the Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. A person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan of the Corporation shall be deemed to have acted in a manner not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation.
For purposes of any determination hereunder, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or Proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, if his action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or another enterprise or on information supplied to him by the Officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another enterprise. The term "another enterprise" as used in this Section shall mean any other corporation or any partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, Officer, employee or agent. The provisions of this paragraph shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which an Indemnitee may be deemed to have met the applicable standards of conduct for determining entitlement to rights under this Article V.
Section 9. Independent Counsel Expenses. The Corporation shall pay any and all reasonable fees and expenses of the Independent Counsel incurred acting pursuant to this Article V and in any proceeding to which it is a party or witness in respect of its investigation and written report and shall pay all reasonable fees and expenses incident to the procedures in which such Independent Counsel was selected or appointed. No Independent Counsel may serve if a timely objection has been made to his selection until a court has determined that such objection is without a reasonable basis.
Section 10. Adjudication. In the event that (i) a determination is made pursuant to Article V, Section 6 (Determination of Entitlement; No Change of Control) or Section 7 (Determination of Entitlement; Change of Control) that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Article V; (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Article V, Section 3 (Advances); (iii) the Independent Counsel has not made and delivered a
written opinion determining the request for indemnification (A) within 90 days
after being appointed by the Court, (B) within 90 days after objections to his
selection have been overruled by the Court or (C) within 90 days after the time
for the Corporation or Indemnitee to object to his selection; or (iv) payment of
indemnification is not made within five days after a determination of
entitlement to indemnification has been made or deemed to have been made
pursuant to Article V, Section 6 (Determination of Entitlement; No Change of
Control), Section 7 (Determination of Entitlement; Change of Control) or Section
8 (Procedures of Independent Counsel), the Indemnitee shall be entitled to an
adjudication in an appropriate court of the State of Delaware, or in any other
court of competent jurisdiction, of his entitlement to such indemnification or
advancement of Expenses. In the event that a determination shall have been made
that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding
or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 10 shall be conducted in all
respects as a de novo trial on the merits and Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced
by reason of that adverse determination. If a Change of Control shall have
occurred, in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 10, the
Corporation shall have the burden of proving that the Indemnitee is not entitled
to indemnification or advancement of Expenses, as the case may be. If a
determination shall have been made or deemed to have been made that the
Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Corporation shall be bound by
such determination in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section
10, or otherwise, unless the Indemnitee knowingly misrepresented a material fact
in connection with the request for indemnification, or such indemnification is
prohibited by law.
The Corporation shall be precluded from asserting in any
judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 10 that the procedures
and presumptions of this Article V are not valid, binding and enforceable and
shall stipulate in any such proceeding that the Corporation is bound by all
provisions of this Article V. In the event that the Indemnitee, pursuant to this
Section 10, seeks a judicial adjudication to enforce his rights under, or to
recover damages for breach of, this Article V, the Indemnitee shall be entitled
to recover from the Corporation, and shall be indemnified by the Corporation
against, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him in such
judicial adjudication, but only if he prevails therein. If it shall be
determined in such judicial adjudication that the Indemnitee is entitled to
receive part but not all of the indemnification or advancement of Expenses
sought, the Expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such judicial
adjudication or arbitration shall be appropriately prorated.
Section 11. Participation by the Corporation. With respect to any such claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation as to which the Indemnitee notifies the Corporation of the commencement thereof, (a) the Corporation will be entitled to participate therein at its own expense and (b) except as otherwise provided below, to the extent that it may wish, the Corporation (jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified) will be entitled to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnitee. After receipt of notice from the Corporation to the Indemnitee of the Corporation's election so to assume the defense thereof, the Corporation will not be liable to the Indemnitee under this Article V for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation or as otherwise provided below. The Indemnitee shall have the right to employ his own counsel in such action, suit, proceeding or investigation but the fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from the
Corporation of its assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of the Indemnitee unless (i) the employment of counsel by the Indemnitee has been authorized by the Corporation, (ii) the Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there is a conflict of interest between the Corporation and the Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such action or (iii) the Corporation shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such action, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel employed by the Indemnitee shall be subject to indemnification pursuant to the terms of this Article V; provided, that the Corporation shall not be entitled to assume the defense of any action, suit, proceeding or investigation brought in the name of or on behalf of the Corporation or as to which the Indemnitee shall have made the conclusion provided for in clause (ii) of this sentence. The Corporation shall not be liable to indemnify the Indemnitee under this Article V for any amounts paid in settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Corporation shall not settle any action or claim in any manner that would impose any limitation or unindemnified penalty on the Indemnitee without the Indemnitee's written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
Section 12. Nonexclusivity of Rights. The rights of indemnification and advancement of Expenses as provided by this Article V shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled to under applicable law, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or a resolution of directors or otherwise. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Article V or any provision hereof shall be effective as to any Indemnitee for acts, events and circumstances that occurred, in whole or in part, before such amendment, alteration or repeal. The provisions of this Article V shall continue as to an Indemnitee whose Corporate Status has ceased for any reason and shall inure to the benefit of his heirs, executors and administrators. Neither the provisions of this Article V nor those of any agreement to which the Corporation is a party shall be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in this Article V as having the right to receive indemnification or is not a party to any such agreement, but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the DGCL.
Section 13. Insurance and Subrogation. The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, Officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any such expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnity such person against such expense, liability or loss under applicable law.
The Corporation shall not be liable under this Article V to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder if, but only to the extent that, the Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.
In the event of any payment hereunder, the Corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all the rights of recovery of the Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action reasonably requested by the Corporation to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Corporation to bring suit to enforce such rights.
Section 14. Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Article V shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and, to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article V shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
Section 15. Certain Actions for Which Indemnification Is Not Provided. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article V, no person shall be entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses under this Article V with respect to any Proceeding, or any Matter therein, brought or made by such person against the Corporation.
Section 16. Definitions. For purposes of this Article V only:
"Change of Control" means:
(i) The acquisition by any individual, entity or group (within
the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) (a "Person") of
beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 promulgated
under the Exchange Act) of 35% or more of either (1) the then
outstanding shares of common stock of the Company (the "Outstanding
Company Common Stock") or (2) the combined voting power of the then
outstanding voting securities of the Company entitled to vote generally
in the election of directors (the "Outstanding Company Voting
Securities"); provided, however, that for purposes of this subsection
(i), the following acquisitions shall not constitute a Change of
Control: (A) any acquisition directly from the Company, (B) any
acquisition by the Company, (C) any acquisition by any employee benefit
plan (or related trust) sponsored or maintained by the Company or any
entity controlled by the Company or (D) any acquisition by any entity
pursuant to a transaction which complies with clauses (1), (2) and (3)
of subsection (iii) of this definition; or
(ii) Individuals who, as of the date hereof, constitute the Board (the "Incumbent Board") cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the date hereof whose election, or nomination for election by the Company's stockholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board; or
(iii) Consummation of a reorganization, merger or consolidation or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (a "Business Combination"), in each case, unless, following such Business Combination, (1) all or substantially all of the individuals and entities who were
the beneficial owners, respectively, of the Outstanding Company Common
Stock and Outstanding Company Voting Securities immediately prior to
such Business Combination beneficially own, directly or indirectly,
more than 50% of, respectively, the then outstanding shares of common
stock and the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting
securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, as
the case may be, of the entity resulting from such Business Combination
(including, without limitation, an entity that as a result of such
transaction owns the Company or all or substantially all of the
Company's assets either directly or through one or more subsidiaries)
in substantially the same proportions as their ownership, immediately
prior to such Business Combination, of the Outstanding Company Common
Stock and Outstanding Company Voting Securities, as the case may be,
(2) no Person (excluding any entity resulting from such Business
Combination or any employee benefit plan (or related trust) of the
Company or such entity resulting from such Business Combination)
beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 35% or more of,
respectively, the then outstanding shares of common equity of the
entity resulting from such Business Combination or the combined voting
power of the then outstanding voting securities of such entity except
to the extent that such ownership existed prior to the Business
Combination and (3) at least a majority of the members of the board of
directors of the corporation, or the similar managing body of a
non-corporate entity, resulting from such Business Combination were
members of the Incumbent Board at the time of the execution of the
initial agreement, or of the action of the Board, providing for such
Business Combination; or
(iv) Approval by the stockholders of the Company of a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company, other than a liquidation or dissolution in connection with a transaction to which subsection (iii) applies.
"Corporate Status" describes the status of Indemnitee as a director, Officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Corporation or of any other corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Corporation.
"Court" means the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other court of competent jurisdiction.
"Designated Professional Capacity" shall include, but not be limited to, a physician, nurse, psychologist or therapist, registered surveyor, registered engineer, registered architect, attorney, certified public accountant or other person who renders such professional services within the course and scope of his employment, who is licensed by appropriate regulatory authorities to practice such profession and who, while acting in the course of such employment, committed or is alleged to have committed any negligent acts, errors or omissions in rendering such professional services at the request of the Corporation or pursuant to his employment (including, without limitation, rendering written or oral opinions to third parties).
"Expenses" shall include all reasonable attorneys' fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, or being or preparing to be a witness in a Proceeding.
"Indemnitee" includes any Officer (including an Officer acting in his Designated Professional Capacity) or director of the Corporation who is, or is threatened to be made, a witness in or a party to any Proceeding as described in Article V, Section 1 (General) or Section 2 (Expenses) by reason of his Corporate Status.
"Independent Counsel" means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the five years previous to his selection or appointment has been, retained to represent: (i) the Corporation or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder.
"Matter" is a claim, a material issue or a substantial request for relief.
"Officer" means the president, the treasurer, the secretary, and each vice president of the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise for which such person is or was serving in such position at the request of the Corporation (and all variants of the preceding positions such as assistant treasurer, assistant secretary, senior vice president, and similar modifications), in each case elected or appointed pursuant to proper corporate authority, and each other person designated by the President of the Corporation from time to time as constituting an "Officer."
"Proceeding" includes any action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, administrative hearing or any other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except one initiated by an Indemnitee pursuant to Article V, Section 10 (Adjudication) to enforce his rights under this Article V.
Section 17. Notices. Promptly after receipt by the Indemnitee of notice of the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding, the Indemnitee shall, if he anticipates or contemplates making a claim for expenses or an advance pursuant to the terms of this Article V, notify the Corporation of the commencement of such action, suit or proceeding; provided, however, that any delay in so notifying the Corporation shall not constitute a waiver or release by the Indemnitee of rights hereunder and that any omission by the Indemnitee to so notify the Corporation shall not relieve the Corporation from any liability that it may have to the Indemnitee otherwise than under this Article V. Any communication required or permitted to the Corporation shall be addressed to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation, and any such communication to the Indemnitee shall be addressed to the Indemnitee's address as shown on the Corporation's records unless he specifies otherwise and shall be personally delivered or delivered by overnight mail delivery. Any such notice shall be effective upon receipt.
Section 18. Contractual Rights. The right to be indemnified or to the
advancement or reimbursement of Expenses (i) is a contract right based upon good
and valuable consideration, pursuant to which the Indemnitee may sue as if these
provisions were set forth in a separate written contract between the Indemnitee
and the Corporation, (ii) is and is intended to be retroactive and shall be
available as to events occurring prior to the adoption of these provisions and
(iii) shall continue after any rescission or restrictive modification of such
provisions as to events occurring prior thereto.
Section 19. Indemnification of Employees, Agents and Fiduciaries. The Corporation, by adoption of a resolution of the Board of Directors, may indemnify and advance expenses to a person who is an employee (including an employee acting in his Designated Professional Capacity), agent or fiduciary of the Corporation including any such person who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, Officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise to the same extent and subject to the same conditions (or to such lesser extent and/or with such other conditions as the Board of Directors may determine) under which it may indemnify and advance expenses to an Indemnitee under this Article V.
ARTICLE VI
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 1. Offices. The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is The Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19801, and the name of the registered agent of the Corporation at such address is The Corporation Trust Company. The principal office of the Corporation shall be located in Houston, Texas, unless and until changed by resolution of the Board of Directors. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places as the Board of Directors may designate from time to time, or as the business of the Corporation may require. The principal office and registered office may be, but need not be, the same.
Section 2. Resignations. Any director or officer may resign at any time. Any resignation shall be made in writing and shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if no time is specified, at the time of its receipt by the Chairman of the Board, if there is one, the Chief Executive Officer, if there is one, the President or the Corporate Secretary. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective, unless expressly so provided in the resignation.
Section 3. Separability. If one or more of the provisions of these Bylaws shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision hereof and these Bylaws shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision or provisions had never been contained herein.
Section 4. Notice to Stockholders by Electronic Transmission. Without limiting the manner by which notice may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice required to be given to stockholders by the provisions of these Bylaws may be given by electronic transmission to an electronic address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice, to the fullest extent allowed under Section 232 of the DGCL.
ARTICLE VII
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
Section 1. Vote Requirements. Except as otherwise required by law or
the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws may be
amended, in whole or in part, and new Bylaws may be adopted (i) by the
affirmative vote of the shares representing not less than 75% of the voting
power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation generally
entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single
class; provided, that in the case of any such stockholder action at a meeting of
stockholders, notice of the proposed alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption
of the new Bylaw or Bylaws must be contained in the notice of such meeting; or
(ii) by action of the Board of Directors; provided, however, that any proposed
alteration, amendment or repeal of, or the adoption of any Bylaw inconsistent
with Section 3, 9, 10 or 11 of Article II, Section 2, 4, 7, 10 or 11 of Article
III, Article V or this sentence, by the Board of Directors shall require the
affirmative vote of not less than 75% of all directors then in office at a
regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors called for that purpose.
Exhibit 4.1
NUMBER
WLK
INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS
OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
COMMON STOCK
[SHARES] THIS CERTIFICATE IS WESTLAKE CHEMICAL SEE REVERSE FOR CERTAIN TRANSFERABLE IN CORPORATION DEFINITIONS NEW YORK, NY CUSIP 960413 10 2 THIS CERTIFIES THAT |
IS THE OWNER OF
FULLY PAID AND NON-ASSESSABLE SHARES OF THE PAR VALUE OF $.01
EACH OF THE COMMON STOCK OF
CERTIFICATE OF STOCK
Westlake Chemical Corporation transferable on the books of the Corporation by the holder hereof in person or by duly authorized attorney upon surrender of this certificate properly endorsed.
This certificate is not valid unless countersigned and registered by the Transfer Agent and Registrar.
Witness the facsimile seal of the Corporation and the facsimile signatures of its duly authorized officers.
Dated: /s/ ALBERT CHAO (WESTLAKE LOGO) /s/ STEPHEN WALLACE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER SECRETARY |
Countersigned and Registered:
American Stock Transfer and Trust Company
Transfer Agent and Registrar,
/s/ ---------------------- Authorized Signature |
(WESTLAKE LOGO)
The Company will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests a statement of the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock of the company or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Any such request is to be addressed to the Secretary of Westlake Chemical Corporation at its principal executive office, or to its transfer agent named on the face of this certificate.
The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this certificate, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations:
TEN COM as tenants in common
TEN ENT as tenants by the entireties
JT TEN as joint tenants with right of
survivorship and not as tenants in common
under Uniform Gifts to Minors
Act -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (State) UNIF TRF MIN ACT Custodian (until age) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Cust) under Uniform Transfer to Minors Act -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Minor) (State) |
Please print or typewrite name
and address of transferee
Please insert number of
shares transferred
CERTIFICATE, AND DO HEREBY
IRREVOCABLY CONSTITUTE AND
APPOINT
ATTORNEY TO TRANSFER THE SAID
SHARES ON THE BOOKS OF THE WITHIN-
NAMED COMPANY WITH FULL POWER OF
SUBSTITUTION IN THE PREMISES.
NOTICE: THE SIGNATURE TO THIS
TRANSFER MUST CORRESPOND WITH
THE NAME AS WRITTEN UPON THE FACE
OF THE CERTIFICATE IN EVERY
PARTICULAR WITHOUT ALTERATION OR
ENLARGEMENT OR ANY CHANGE
WHATEVER.
Exhibit 5.1
[BAKER BOTTS L.L.P. LETTERHEAD]
[Baker Botts L.L.P.
One Shell Plaza
910 Louisiana Street
Houston, Texas 77002]
August 9, 2004
Westlake Chemical Corporation
2801 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 600
Houston, Texas 77056
Ladies and Gentlemen:
As set forth in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-115790) (the "Registration Statement") filed by Westlake Chemical Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), relating to the proposed offer and sale by the Company of up to 11,764,706 shares (the "Shares") of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock"), together with up to 1,764,706 shares of Common Stock (the "Additional Shares") pursuant to the underwriters' over-allotment option as described in the Registration Statement, certain legal matters in connection with the Shares and the Additional Shares are being passed upon for you by us. At your request, this opinion is being furnished to you for filing as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement.
We understand that the Shares and any Additional Shares are to be sold by the Company pursuant to the terms of an Underwriting Agreement (the "Underwriting Agreement") in substantially the form filed as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement.
In our capacity as your counsel in the connection referred to above, we have examined the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement, originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified, of corporate records of the Company, certificates of public officials and of representatives of the Company, statutes and other instruments and documents as a basis for the opinions hereafter expressed. In giving such opinions, we have relied on certificates of officers of the Company with respect to the accuracy of the factual matters contained in such certificates. In making our examination, we have assumed that all signatures on all documents examined by us are genuine, that all documents submitted to us as originals are accurate and complete, that all documents submitted to us as copies are true and correct copies of the originals thereof and that all information submitted to us was accurate and complete.
[BAKER BOTTS L.L.P. LOGO]
August 9, 2004
On the basis of the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:
1. The Company is a corporation duly incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware.
2. When offered as described in the Registration Statement, and upon the sale of the Shares and any Additional Shares in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Underwriting Agreement and as described in the Registration Statement, the Shares and any Additional Shares will be duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
This opinion is limited to the Delaware General Corporation Law. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion of counsel as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to our Firm under the heading "Legal Matters" in the prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
Very truly yours,
Baker Botts L.L.P.
EXHIBIT 10.14
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
2004 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN
1. Purpose of the Plan. The Westlake Chemical Corporation 2004 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "Plan") of Westlake Chemical Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), is intended to advance the best interests of the Company and its Subsidiaries by providing certain Employees and Directors of the Company and its Subsidiaries with additional incentives through the grant of Options to purchase common stock, par value US $0.01 per share of the Company ("Common Stock"), Stock Appreciation Rights ("SARs"), Restricted Stock, Stock Units, Cash Awards and/or Performance Awards, thereby increasing the personal stake of such Employees and Directors in the continued success and growth of the Company.
2. Definitions. As used herein, the terms set forth below shall have the following respective meanings:
"Administrator" means (i) prior to the closing date of the IPO, the Board and (ii) on and after the closing date of the IPO, the Board or a committee designated by the Board.
"Authorized Officer" means the Chief Executive Officer or the Senior Vice President, Administration of the Company (or any other senior officer of the Company to whom the Administrator or such Authorized Officer shall delegate the authority to execute any Award Agreement or to carry out any actions, duties or other responsibilities under the Plan as may be permitted by applicable law and directed by the Administrator, where applicable).
"Award" means an Employee Award or a Director Award.
"Award Agreement" means a written agreement setting forth the terms, conditions and limitations applicable to an Award, to the extent the Administrator determines such agreement is necessary.
"Board" means the Board of Directors of the Company.
"Cash Award" means an Award denominated in cash.
"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.
"Common Stock" means the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company.
"Company" means Westlake Chemical Corporation, a Delaware corporation, or any successor thereto.
"Director" means an individual who is a member of the Board that is not an Employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
"Director Award" means any Option, Stock Appreciation Right or Stock Award granted, whether singly, in combination or in tandem, to a Director pursuant to such applicable terms, conditions and limitations as the Administrator may establish in order to fulfill the objectives of the Plan.
"Dividend Equivalents" means an amount equal to all dividends and other distributions (or the economic equivalent thereof) that are payable by the Company on one share of Common Stock to stockholders of record, which, in the discretion of the Administrator, may be awarded (i) in connection with any Award under the Plan while such Award is outstanding or otherwise subject to a Restriction Period and on a like number of shares of Common Stock under such Award or (ii) singly.
"Employee" means an employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and an individual who has agreed to become an Employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and actually becomes such an Employee within the following six months.
"Employee Award" means any Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Stock Award or Cash Award (including any Performance Award) granted, whether singly, in combination or in tandem, to an Employee pursuant to such applicable terms, conditions and limitations (including treatment as a Performance Award) as the Administrator may establish in order to fulfill the objectives of the Plan.
"Fair Market Value" of a share of Common Stock means, as of a particular date, (i) (A) if Common Stock is listed on a national securities exchange, the mean between the highest and lowest sales price per share of the Common Stock on the consolidated transaction reporting system for the principal national securities exchange on which shares of Common Stock are listed on that date, or, if there shall have been no such sale so reported on that date, on the last preceding date on which such a sale was so reported, or, at the discretion of the Administrator, the price prevailing on the exchange at the time of exercise, (B) the mean between the highest and lowest sales price per share of such Common Stock reported on the consolidated transaction reporting system for The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. or, if there shall have been no such sale so reported on that date, on the last preceding date on which such a sale was reported, (C) if Common Stock is not so listed or quoted, the mean between the closing bid and asked price on that date, or, if there are no quotations available for such date, on the last preceding date on which such quotations shall be available, as reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc., or, if not reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc., by the National Quotation Bureau Incorporated or (D) if Common Stock is not publicly traded, the most recent value determined by an independent appraiser appointed by the Company for such purpose, or (ii) if applicable, the price per share as determined in accordance with the procedures of a third party administrator retained by the Company to administer the Plan.
"Grant Date" means the date an Award is granted to a Participant pursuant to the Plan. The Grant Date for a substituted award is the Grant Date of the original award.
"Grant Price" means the price at which a Participant may exercise his or her right to receive cash or Common Stock, as applicable, under the terms of an Award.
"IPO" means the initial public offering of shares of Common Stock of the Company (the "IPO").
"Incentive Option" means an Option that is intended to comply with the requirements set forth in Section 422 of the Code.
"Nonqualified Option" means an Option that is not an Incentive Option.
"Option" means a right to purchase a specified number of shares of Common Stock at a specified price.
"Participant" means an Employee or Director to whom an Award has been granted under this Plan.
"Performance Award" means an Award made pursuant to this Plan that is subject to the attainment in the future of one or more Performance Goals.
"Performance Goal" means a standard established by the Administrator, to determine in whole or in part whether a Performance Award shall be earned.
"Qualified Performance Award" means a Performance Award made to an Employee that is intended to qualify as qualified performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, as described in Section 7(a)(v)(B) of the Plan.
"Restricted Stock" means Common Stock that is restricted or subject to forfeiture provisions.
"Restriction Period" means a period of time beginning as of the Grant Date of an Award of Restricted Stock and ending as of the date upon which the Common Stock subject to such Award is no longer restricted or subject to forfeiture provisions.
"Stock Appreciation Right" or "SAR" means a right to receive a payment, in cash or Common Stock, equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value or other specified valuation of a specified number of shares of Common Stock on the date the right is exercised over a specified Grant Price, in each case as determined by the Administrator.
"Stock Award" means an Award in the form of shares of Common Stock or Stock Units, including an award of Restricted Stock.
"Stock Unit" means a unit evidencing the right to receive in specified circumstances one share of Common Stock (as determined by the Administrator) granted to either an Employee or a Director.
"Subsidiary" means (i) in the case of a corporation, any corporation of which the Company directly or indirectly owns shares representing more than 50% of the combined voting
power of the shares of all classes or series of capital stock of that corporation that have the right to vote generally on matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of that corporation and (ii) in the case of a partnership or other business entity not organized as a corporation, any such business entity of which the Company directly or indirectly owns more than 50% of the voting, capital or profits interests (whether in the form of partnership interests, membership interests or otherwise).
3. Eligibility.
(a) Employees. Employees eligible for the grant of Employee Awards under this Plan are Employees, including Employees that may serve as a director of the Company.
(b) Directors. Members of the Board eligible for the grant of Director Awards under this Plan are those who are Directors.
4. Common Stock Available for Awards. Subject to the provisions of
Section 14 hereof, there shall be available for Awards under this Plan granted
or payable wholly or partly in Common Stock (including rights that may be
exercised for or settled in Common Stock) an aggregate of 6,327,000 shares, of
which 633,000 shares are available for awards to Directors.
The number of shares of Common Stock that are the subject of Awards under this Plan that are forfeited or terminated, expire unexercised, are settled in cash in lieu of Common Stock or otherwise in a manner such that all or some of the shares covered by an Award are not issued to a Participant or are exchanged for Awards that do not involve Common Stock, shall not be counted against the aggregate plan maximum or any sublimit set forth above and shall again immediately become available for Awards hereunder. If the tax withholding obligation resulting from the settlement of any Award is satisfied by withholding shares of Common Stock, only the number of shares of Common Stock issued net of the shares of Common Stock withheld shall be deemed delivered for purposes of determining usage of shares against the maximum number of shares of Common Stock available for delivery under the Plan or any sublimit set forth above. Shares of Common Stock delivered under the Plan as an Award or in settlement of an Award issued or made (a) upon the assumption, substitution, conversion or replacement of outstanding awards under a plan or arrangement of an entity acquired in a merger or other acquisition or (b) as a post-transaction grant under such a plan or arrangement of an acquired entity shall not reduce or be counted against the maximum number of shares of Common Stock available for delivery under the Plan, to the extent that the exemption for transactions in connection with mergers acquisitions from the shareholder approval requirements of the New York Stock Exchange for equity compensation plans applies. The Administrator may from time to time adopt and observe such rules and procedures concerning the counting of shares against the Plan maximum or any sublimit as it may deem appropriate, including rules more restrictive than those set forth above to the extent necessary to satisfy the requirements of any national stock exchange on which the Common Stock is listed or any applicable regulatory requirement. The Board and the appropriate officers of the Company are authorized to take from time to time whatever actions are necessary, and to file any required documents with governmental authorities, stock exchanges and transaction reporting systems to ensure that shares of Common Stock are available for issuance pursuant to Awards.
5. Administration.
(a) This Plan shall be administered by the Administrator, except as otherwise provided herein.
(b) Subject to the provisions hereof, the Administrator shall have full and exclusive power and authority to administer this Plan and to take all actions that are specifically contemplated hereby or are necessary or appropriate in connection with the administration hereof. The Administrator shall also have full and exclusive power to interpret this Plan and to adopt such rules, regulations and guidelines for carrying out this Plan as it may deem necessary or proper. The Administrator may, in its discretion, provide for the extension of the exercisability of an Award, accelerate the vesting or exercisability of an Award, eliminate or make less restrictive any restrictions applicable to an Award, waive any restriction or other provision of this Plan (insofar as such provision relates to Awards) or an Award or otherwise amend or modify an Award in any manner that is either (i) not adverse to the Participant to whom such Award was granted or (ii) consented to by such Participant. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, without the prior approval of the Company's stockholders, Awards issued under the Plan will not be repriced, replaced or regranted through cancellation or by decreasing the exercise price of a previously granted Award. The Administrator may make an Award to an individual who it expects to become an Employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries within the next six months, with such award being subject to the individual's actually becoming an Employee within such time period, and subject to such other terms and conditions as may be established by the Administrator. The Administrator may correct any defect or supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in this Plan or in any Award in the manner and to the extent the Administrator deems necessary or desirable to further the Plan purposes. Any decision of the Administrator, with respect to Awards, in the interpretation and administration of this Plan shall lie within its sole and absolute discretion and shall be final, conclusive and binding on all parties concerned.
(c) No member of the Administrator or Authorized Officer of the Company to whom the Administrator has delegated authority in accordance with the provisions of Section 6 of this Plan shall be liable for anything done or omitted to be done by him or her, by any member of the Administrator or by any officer of the Company in connection with the performance of any duties under this Plan, except for his or her own willful misconduct or as expressly provided by statute.
6. Delegation of Authority. Following the authorization of a pool of cash or shares of Common Stock to be available for Awards, the Administrator may authorize an Authorized Officer of the Company, if and to the extent permitted by applicable law, rule or regulation, or a subcommittee of members of the Administrator to grant individual Employee Awards from such pool pursuant to such conditions or limitations as the Administrator may establish. The Administrator may also delegate to an Authorized Officer its administrative duties under this Plan (excluding its granting authority) pursuant to such conditions or limitations as the Administrator may establish. The Administrator may engage or authorize the engagement of a third party administrator to carry out administrative functions under the Plan.
7. Awards.
(a) The Administrator shall determine the type or types of Awards to be made under this Plan and shall designate from time to time the Participants who are to be the recipients of such Awards. Each Award may, in the discretion of the Administrator, be embodied in an Award Agreement, which shall contain such terms, conditions and limitations as shall be determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion and, if required by the Administrator, shall be signed by the Participant to whom the Award is granted and by an Authorized Officer for and on behalf of the Company. Awards may consist of those listed in this Section 7(a) and may be granted singly, in combination or in tandem. Awards may also be granted in combination or in tandem with, in replacement of (subject to Sections 12 and 9(d)), or as alternatives to, grants or rights under this Plan or any other plan of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, including the plan of any acquired entity. An Award may provide for the grant or issuance of additional, replacement or alternative Awards upon the occurrence of specified events. All or part of an Award may be subject to conditions established by the Administrator, which may include, but are not limited to, continuous service with the Company and its Subsidiaries, achievement of specific business objectives, items referenced to in clause (v) below, and other comparable measurements of performance. Upon an Employee's termination of employment, any unexercised, deferred, unvested or unpaid Employee Awards shall be treated as set forth in the applicable Employee Award Agreement or as otherwise specified by the Administrator.
(i) Option. An Employee Award may be in the form of an Incentive Option or a Nonqualified Option. A Director Award may be in the form of a Nonqualified Option. The term of the Option shall extend no more than 10 years after the Grant Date. The price at which any share of Common Stock may be purchased on the exercise of any Option will not be less than the Fair Market Value of a share of the Common Stock on the date of grant of that Option. Subject to the foregoing provisions, the terms, conditions and limitations applicable to any Options awarded pursuant to this Plan, including the Grant Price, minimum vesting, the number of shares subject to the Option and the date or dates upon which they become exercisable, shall be determined by the Administrator.
(ii) Stock Appreciation Rights. An Award may be in the form of an SAR. SARs may be granted in tandem with an Option or other Award, either at the time of grant or by later amendment thereto, or on a freestanding basis not related to any other Award. The Grant Price of an SAR shall be determined by the Administrator but shall not be less than the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to such SAR on the Grant Date or the Grant Price of a tandem Option to which such SAR relates. The holder of a tandem SAR may elect to exercise either the Option or the SAR, but not both. The exercise period for an SAR shall extend no more than 10 years after the Grant Date. Subject to the foregoing provisions, the terms, conditions and limitations applicable to any SARs awarded to Participants pursuant to this Plan, including the Grant Price, the
term of any SARs and the date or dates upon which they become exercisable, shall be determined by the Administrator.
(iii) Stock Award. An Employee Award or Director Award may be in the form of a Stock Award. The terms, conditions and limitations applicable to any Stock Awards granted to Participants pursuant to this Plan shall be determined by the Administrator, subject to the limitations specified below.
(iv) Cash Award. An Employee Award may be in the form of a Cash Award. The terms, conditions and limitations applicable to any Cash Awards granted pursuant to this Plan shall be determined by the Administrator.
(v) Performance Award. Without limiting the type or number of Employee Awards or Director Awards that may be made under the other provisions of this Plan, an Employee Award or Director Award may be in the form of a Performance Award. The terms, conditions and limitations applicable to any Performance Awards granted to Participants pursuant to this Plan shall be determined by the Administrator, subject to the limitations specified below. The Administrator shall set Performance Goals in its discretion which, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the value and/or amount of Performance Awards that will be paid out to the Participant and/or the portion of an Award that may be exercised.
(A) Nonqualified Performance Awards. Performance Awards granted to Employees or Directors that are not intended to qualify as qualified performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code shall be based on achievement of such Performance Goals and be subject to such terms, conditions and restrictions as the Administrator or its delegate shall determine.
(B) Qualified Performance Awards. Performance Awards granted to Employees under the Plan that are intended to qualify as qualified performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code shall be paid, vested or otherwise deliverable solely on account of the attainment of one or more pre-established, objective Performance Goals established by the Administrator prior to the earlier to occur of (x) 90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates and (y) the lapse of 25% of the period of service (as scheduled in good faith at the time the goal is established), and in any event while the outcome is substantially uncertain. A Performance Goal is objective if a third party having knowledge of the relevant facts could determine whether the goal is met. Such a Performance Goal may be based on one or more business criteria that apply to the Employee, one or more business units, divisions or sectors of the Company, or the Company as a whole, and if so desired by the Administrator, by comparison with a peer group of companies. A Performance Goal may include one or more of the following: increased revenue; net income measures (including but
not limited to income after capital costs and income before or after taxes); stock price measures (including but not limited to growth measures and total stockholder return); price per share of Common Stock; market share; net earnings; earnings per share (actual or targeted growth); earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA"); earnings before interest, taxes and amortization ("EBITA"); economic value added (or an equivalent metric); market value added; debt to equity ratio; cash flow measures (including but not limited to cash flow per share, cash flow return on capital, cash flow return on tangible capital, net cash flow, net cash flow before financing activities and improvement in or attainment of working capital levels); return measures (including but not limited to return on equity, return on average assets, return on capital, risk-adjusted return on capital, return on investors' capital and return on average equity); operating measures (including operating income, funds from operations, cash from operations, after-tax operating income; net operating profit after tax, sales volumes, operating efficiency, production volumes and production efficiency); expense measures (including but not limited to overhead cost, general and administrative expense and improvement in or attainment of expense levels); margins; stockholder value; proceeds from dispositions; total market value; safety; reliability; productivity; corporate values measures (including ethics compliance, environmental, and safety) and debt reduction.
Unless otherwise stated, such a Performance Goal need not be based upon an increase or positive result under a particular business criterion and could include, for example, maintaining the status quo or limiting economic losses (measured, in each case, by reference to specific business criteria). In interpreting Plan provisions applicable to Performance Goals and Qualified Performance Awards, it is the intent of the Plan to conform with the standards of Section 162(m) of the Code and Treasury Regulation Section 1.162-27(e)(2)(i), as to grants to those Employees whose compensation is, or is likely to be, subject to Section 162(m) of the Code, and the Administrator in establishing such goals and interpreting the Plan shall be guided by such provisions. Prior to the payment of any compensation based on the achievement of Performance Goals applicable to Qualified Performance Awards, the Administrator must certify in writing that applicable Performance Goals and any of the material terms thereof were, in fact, satisfied. Subject to the foregoing provisions, the terms, conditions and limitations applicable to any Qualified Performance Awards made pursuant to this Plan shall be determined by the Administrator.
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Plan, the following limitations shall apply to any Employee Awards made hereunder:
(i) no Participant may be granted, during any calendar year, Employee Awards consisting of Options or SARs that are exercisable for more than
1,500,000 shares of Common Stock (the limitation set forth in this
clause (b)(i), together with the limitations set forth in clauses
(b)(ii) below, being hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Stock
Based Awards Limitations");
(ii) no Participant may be issued, during any calendar year, more than 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock in connection with Stock Awards.
(iii) no Participant may be granted Employee Awards consisting of Cash Awards that are intended to constitute performance-based awards subject to Section 7(a)(v)(B) having a maximum payment value in any calendar year in excess of $5,000,000.
8. Non-United States Participants. The Administrator may grant awards to persons outside the United States under such terms and conditions as may, in the judgment of the Administrator, be necessary or advisable to comply with the laws of the applicable foreign jurisdictions and, to that end, may establish sub-plans, modified option exercise procedures and other terms and procedures. Notwithstanding the above, the Administrator may not take any actions hereunder, and no Awards shall be granted, that would violate the Code, any securities law, any governing statute, or any other applicable law.
9. Payment of Awards.
(a) General. Payment made to a Participant pursuant to an Award may be made in the form of cash or Common Stock, or a combination thereof, and may include such restrictions as the Administrator shall determine, including, in the case of Common Stock, restrictions on transfer and forfeiture provisions. If such payment is made in the form of Restricted Stock, the Administrator shall specify whether the underlying shares are to be issued at the beginning or end of the Restriction Period. In the event that shares of Restricted Stock are to be issued at the beginning of the Restriction Period, the certificates evidencing such shares (to the extent that such shares are so evidenced) shall contain appropriate legends and restrictions that describe the terms and conditions of the restrictions applicable thereto. In the event that shares of Restricted Stock are to be issued at the end of the Restricted Period, the right to receive such shares shall be evidenced by book entry account or in such other manner as the Administrator may determine.
(b) Deferral. With the approval of the Administrator, amounts payable in respect of Awards may be deferred and paid either in the form of installments or as a lump-sum payment. The Administrator may permit selected Participants to elect to defer payments of some or all types of Awards or any other compensation otherwise payable by the Company in accordance with procedures established by the Administrator and may provide that such deferred compensation may be payable in shares of Common Stock. Any deferred payment pursuant to an Award, whether elected by the Participant or specified by the Award Agreement or the terms of the Award or by the Administrator, may be forfeited if and to the extent that the Award Agreement or the terms of the Award so provide.
(c) Dividends, Earnings and Interest. Rights to dividends or Dividend Equivalents may be extended to and made part of any Award, subject to such terms, conditions and restrictions as the Administrator may establish. The Administrator may also establish rules and procedures for the crediting of interest or other earnings on deferred cash payments and Dividend Equivalents for Awards.
(d) Substitution of Awards. Subject to Sections 12 and 14, at the discretion of the Administrator, an Employee may be offered an election to substitute an Employee Award for another Employee Award or Employee Awards of the same or different type; provided, however, that no Option may be granted in exchange or in replacement of an Option having a higher exercise price.
10. Payment of Grant Price. The Grant Price shall be paid in full at the time of exercise in cash or, if permitted by the Administrator and elected by the Participant, the Participant may purchase such shares by means of tendering Common Stock or surrendering another Award valued at Fair Market Value on the date of exercise, or any combination thereof. The Administrator shall determine acceptable methods and requirements for Participants to tender Common Stock or other Awards. The Administrator may provide for procedures to permit the exercise or purchase of such Awards by use of the proceeds to be received from the sale of Common Stock issuable pursuant to an Award. The Administrator may adopt additional rules and procedures regarding the payment of the Grant Price of Awards from time to time, provided that such rules and procedures are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Section 10.
A Participant desiring to pay the Grant Price of an Option by tendering Common Stock using the method of attestation may, subject to any such conditions and in compliance with any such procedures as the Administrator may adopt, do so by attesting to the ownership of Common Stock of the requisite value in which case the Company shall issue or otherwise deliver to the Participant upon such exercise a number of shares of Common Stock subject to the Option equal to the result obtained by dividing (a) the excess of the aggregate Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock subject to the Option for which the Option (or portion thereof) is being exercised over the Grant Price payable in respect of such exercise by (b) the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock subject to the Option, and the Participant may retain the shares of Common Stock the ownership of which is attested.
11. Taxes. The Company or its designated third party administrator shall have the right to deduct applicable taxes from any Award payment and withhold, at the time of delivery or vesting of cash or shares of Common Stock under this Plan, an appropriate amount of cash or number of shares of Common Stock or a combination thereof for payment of taxes or other amounts required by law or to take such other action as may be necessary in the opinion of the Company to satisfy all obligations for withholding of such taxes. The Administrator may also permit withholding to be satisfied by a cash payment to the Company or the transfer to the Company of shares of Common Stock theretofore owned by the holder of the Award with respect to which withholding is required. If shares of Common Stock are used to satisfy tax withholding, such shares shall be valued based on the Fair Market Value when the tax withholding is required to be made.
12. Amendment, Modification, Suspension or Termination of the Plan. The Board may amend, modify, suspend or terminate this Plan for the purpose of meeting or addressing any changes in legal requirements or for any other purpose permitted by law, except that (i) no amendment or alteration that would adversely affect the rights of any Participant under any Award previously granted to such Participant shall be made without the consent of such Participant and (ii) no amendment or alteration shall be effective prior to its approval by the stockholders of the Company to the extent such approval is required by applicable legal requirements or the applicable requirements of the securities exchange on which the Company's Common Stock is listed.
13. Assignability. Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator and provided in the Award Agreement or the terms of the Award, no Award or any other benefit under this Plan shall be assignable or otherwise transferable except by will, by beneficiary designation or the laws of descent and distribution or pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order as defined by the Code or Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, or the rules thereunder. In the event that a beneficiary designation conflicts with an assignment by will, the beneficiary designation will prevail. The Administrator may prescribe and include in applicable Award Agreements or the terms of the Award other restrictions on transfer. Any attempted assignment of an Award or any other benefit under this Plan in violation of this Section 13 shall be null and void.
14. Adjustments.
(a) From and after the closing date of the IPO, the existence of outstanding Awards shall not affect in any manner the right or power of the Company or its stockholders to make or authorize any or all adjustments, recapitalizations, reorganizations or other changes in the capital stock of the Company or its business or any merger or consolidation of the Company, or any issue of bonds, debentures, preferred or prior preference stock (whether or not such issue is prior to, on a parity with or junior to the existing Common Stock) or the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or any sale or transfer of all or any part of its assets or business, or any other corporate act or proceeding of any kind, whether or not of a character similar to that of the acts or proceedings enumerated above.
(b) From and after the closing date of the IPO, in the event of any subdivision or consolidation of outstanding shares of Common Stock, declaration of a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock or other stock split, then (i) the number of shares of Common Stock reserved under this Plan and available for issuance pursuant to specific types of Awards as described in Section 4, (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock covered by outstanding Awards, (iii) the appropriate Fair Market Value and other price determinations for such Awards, and (iv) the Stock Based Awards Limitations shall each be proportionately adjusted by the Administrator as appropriate to reflect such transaction. In the event of any other recapitalization or capital reorganization of the Company, any consolidation or merger of the Company with another Company or entity, the adoption by the Company of any plan of exchange affecting Common Stock or any distribution to holders of Common Stock of securities or property (other than normal cash dividends or dividends payable in Common Stock), the Administrator shall make
appropriate adjustments to (x) the number of shares of Common Stock reserved under this Plan and (y)(i) the number of shares of Common Stock covered by Awards, (ii) the Grant Price or other price in respect of such Awards, (iii) the appropriate Fair Market Value and other price determinations for such Awards, and (iv) the Stock Based Awards Limitations to reflect such transaction; provided that such adjustments shall only be such as are necessary to maintain the proportionate interest of the holders of the Awards and preserve, without increasing, the value of such Awards. In the event of a corporate merger, consolidation, acquisition of assets or stock, separation, reorganization, or liquidation, the Board shall be authorized (x) to assume under the Plan previously granted compensatory awards, or to substitute new Awards for previously granted compensatory awards, including Awards, as part of such adjustment; (y) to cancel Awards that are Options or SARs and give the Participants who are the holders of such Awards notice and opportunity to exercise for 30 days prior to such cancellation; or (z) to cancel any such Awards and to deliver to the Participants cash in an amount that the Board shall determine in its sole discretion is equal to the fair market value of such Awards on the date of such event, which in the case of Options or SARs shall be the excess of the Fair Market Value of Common Stock on such date over the exercise or strike price of such Award.
15. Restrictions. No Common Stock or other form of payment shall be issued with respect to any Award unless the Company shall be satisfied based on the advice of its counsel that such issuance will be in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws. Certificates evidencing shares of Common Stock delivered under this Plan (to the extent that such shares are so evidenced) may be subject to such stop transfer orders and other restrictions as the Administrator may deem advisable under the rules, regulations and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any securities exchange or transaction reporting system upon which the Common Stock is then listed or to which it is admitted for quotation and any applicable federal or state securities law. The Administrator may cause a legend or legends to be placed upon such certificates (if any) to make appropriate reference to such restrictions.
16. Unfunded Plan. This Plan shall be unfunded. Although bookkeeping accounts may be established with respect to Participants under this Plan, any such accounts shall be used merely as a bookkeeping convenience, including bookkeeping accounts established by a third party administrator retained by the Company to administer the Plan. The Company shall not be required to segregate any assets for purposes of this Plan or Awards hereunder, nor shall the Company, the Board or the Administrator be deemed to be a trustee of any benefit to be granted under this Plan. Any liability or obligation of the Company to any Participant with respect to an Award under this Plan shall be based solely upon any contractual obligations that may be created by this Plan and any Award Agreement or the terms of the Award, and no such liability or obligation of the Company shall be deemed to be secured by any pledge or other encumbrance on any property of the Company. Neither the Company nor the Board nor the Administrator shall be required to give any security or bond for the performance of any obligation that may be created by this Plan.
17. Right to Employment. Nothing in the Plan or an Award Agreement shall interfere with or limit in any way the right of the Company to terminate any Participant's employment or
other service relationship at any time, nor confer upon any Participant any right to continue in the capacity in which he or she is employed or otherwise serves the Company.
18. Successors. All obligations of the Company under the Plan with respect to Awards granted hereunder shall be binding on any successor to the Company, whether the existence of such successor is the result of a direct or indirect purchase, merger, consolidation, or otherwise, of all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company.
19. Governing Law. This Plan and all determinations made and actions taken pursuant hereto, to the extent not otherwise governed by mandatory provisions of the Code or the securities laws of the United States, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas.
20. Effectiveness; Term. The Plan shall be effective on the date the Plan has been approved by the Board. No Awards shall be made after the tenth anniversary of the effective date of the Plan.
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form S-1 of our report dated May 24, 2004, except for Note 1, as to which the date is August 7, 2004, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Westlake Chemical Corporation and its subsidiaries, which appear in such Registration Statement. Additionally, we consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form S-1 of our report on the Financial Statement Schedule of Westlake Chemical Corporation and its subsidiaries, which appears in such Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Houston, Texas
August 7, 2004