SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
PRE-EFFECTIVE
FORM S-11
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Gladstone Commercial Corporation
1750 Tysons Blvd., Fourth Floor
David Gladstone
Copies to:
Thomas R. Salley, Esq.
Darren K. DeStefano, Esq. Brian F. Leaf, Esq. Cooley Godward LLP One Freedom Square Reston Town Center 11951 Freedom Drive Reston, Virginia 20190 (703) 456-8000 (703) 456-8100 (facsimile) |
John A. Good, Esq.
Allyson K. Kennett, Esq. Bass, Berry & Sims PLC The Tower at Peabody Place 100 Peabody Place, Suite 900 Memphis, Tennessee 38103-3672 (901) 543-5900 (888) 543-5999 (facsimile) |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If deliver of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check the following box. o
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this
prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell
these securities until the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus
is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting
an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or
sale is not permitted.
|
Subject to Completion Dated August 8, 2003
|
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION |
We are a recently formed company that intends to invest in and own net leased industrial and commercial real property and selectively make long-term industrial and commercial mortgage loans. We anticipate that a large portion of our tenants will be small and medium-sized businesses having significant buyout fund ownership. We will elect to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under federal tax laws. Gladstone Management Corporation serves as our adviser and will manage our real estate portfolio.
This is our initial public offering and no public market currently exists for our common stock. We expect the initial public offering price to be $15.00 per share. Up to 1,100,000 shares of our common stock being sold in this offering will be reserved for sale by the underwriters to our directors, officers and employees and other persons designated by us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount. Our common stock has been approved for listing on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol GOOD.
Investing in our common stock involves risks that are described in the Risk Factors section beginning on page 8 of this prospectus. Some risks include:
| We are a new company with no operating history and may not be able to operate successfully. |
| Our real estate investments may include special use and single tenant properties that may be difficult to sell or re-lease upon tenant defaults or early lease terminations. |
| We are not currently able to set a distribution rate, and the distribution rate we fix in the future may have an adverse effect on the market price for our common stock. |
| Conflicts of interest exist between us, our Adviser, its officers and directors and their affiliates, which could result in decisions that are not in the best interests of our stockholders. |
| We have not identified any specific property to purchase or mortgage loan to make with the net proceeds we will receive from this offering. As a result, investors will be unable to evaluate the manner in which the net proceeds are invested and the economic merits of projects prior to investment. |
| Highly leveraged tenants and borrowers may be unable to pay rent or make mortgage payments, which could adversely affect our cash available to make distributions to our stockholders. |
| Our success will depend on the performance of our Adviser. If our Adviser makes inadvisable investment or management decisions, our operations could be materially adversely impacted. |
Per Share | Total | |||||||
|
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|||||||
Public Offering Price
|
$ | $ | ||||||
Underwriting Discount
|
$ | $ | ||||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us
|
$ | $ |
The underwriters may also purchase up to an additional 825,000 shares of common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus solely to cover over-allotments.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock on , 2003.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Ferris, Baker Watts | Jefferies & Company, Inc. |
J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc. | Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, |
The date of this prospectus is , 2003.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights some information from
this prospectus. It may not include all of the information that
is important to you. To understand this offering fully, you
should read the entire prospectus carefully, including Risk
Factors. Unless the context suggests otherwise, when we use the
term we or us or Gladstone
Commercial, we are referring to Gladstone Commercial
Corporation and Gladstone Commercial Limited Partnership and not
to our Adviser, Gladstone Management Corporation. When we use
the term Adviser we are referring to our Adviser,
Gladstone Management Corporation. Unless otherwise indicated,
the information included in this prospectus assumes no exercise
of the underwriters over-allotment option.
General
Gladstone Commercial Corporation was incorporated
under the General Corporation Laws of the State of Maryland on
February 14, 2003 primarily for the purpose of investing in
and owning net leased industrial and commercial real property
and selectively making long-term industrial and commercial
mortgage loans. We expect that a large portion of our tenants
and borrowers will be small and medium-sized businesses having
significant buyout fund ownership and will be well capitalized,
with equity constituting between 20% and 40% of their permanent
capital. We expect that other tenants and borrowers will be
family-owned businesses that have built significant equity from
paying down the mortgage loans securing their real estate or
through the appreciation in the value of their real estate. We
will seek to enter into triple net leases having terms of
approximately 15 years, with rent increases built into the
leases. Although we have not yet purchased any properties or
made any mortgage loans, we are actively communicating with
buyout funds, real estate brokers and other third parties to
locate properties for potential acquisition or mortgage
financing.
We will conduct substantially all of our
activities through, and substantially all of our properties will
be held directly or indirectly by, Gladstone Commercial Limited
Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership formed on
May 28, 2003 that we refer to herein as our Operating
Partnership. We will control our Operating Partnership as
its sole general partner, and, through our wholly owned
subsidiary Gladstone Commercial Partners, LLC, we will also
initially own all limited partnership units of our Operating
Partnership. We expect our Operating Partnership to issue
limited partnership units from time to time in exchange for
industrial and commercial real property. Limited partners who
hold limited partnership units in our Operating Partnership will
be entitled to redeem these units for cash or, at our election,
shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis at any time
after the first anniversary of the completion of this offering.
We intend to qualify as a real estate investment
trust, or a REIT, for federal tax purposes. Our
office is at 1750 Tysons Blvd., Fourth Floor, McLean, Virginia
22102. Our phone number is (703) 744-1165 and our internet
website address will be
www.GladstoneCommercial.com
. The
information contained on our website is not a part of this
prospectus.
Our Opportunity
Businesses that are owned by buyout funds, which
are privately held investment funds that typically acquire
controlling equity interests in operating businesses, and many
family-owned businesses often have substantial amounts of equity
in their real estate. A primary reason for this is that real
estate lenders have been making real estate loans at relatively
low amounts when compared to the value of the real estate
securing the loans. One method for these businesses to free up
the equity in their real estate is by selling their real estate
and simultaneously leasing it back under long term, triple net
leases. Sellers in these sale-leaseback transactions
can then use the freed up cash to repay existing indebtedness or
for growth capital, thus strengthening their balance sheets and
permitting them to lower their overall costs of capital for
growth and expansion. We believe that there are many businesses
in the United States that have a substantial amount of equity
tied up in their real estate. Because of the experience of our
Advisers professionals investing in real estate-related
assets and managing funds that lend to similar businesses, we
1
Our Investment Objectives and Our
Strategy
Our principal investment objectives are to
generate income for our stockholders in the form of quarterly
cash distributions that grow over time and to increase the value
of our common stock. Our primary strategy to achieve our
investment objectives is to invest in and own a diversified
portfolio of leased industrial and commercial real estate that
we believe will produce stable cash flow and increase in value.
We expect to sell some of our real estate assets from time to
time when our Adviser determines that doing so would be
advantageous to us and our stockholders. We also expect to
occasionally make mortgage loans secured by income-producing
commercial or industrial real estate, which loans may have some
form of equity participation. Additionally, we may purchase
mortgage-backed securities, including mortgage pass-through
certificates, collateralized mortgage obligations and other
securities representing interests in or obligations backed by
pools of mortgage loans. Upon the completion of this offering,
we expect to begin investing in the types of investments
described above and may also invest in temporary investments. As
a result, we expect to generate taxable income for the fiscal
year ending December 31, 2003, and therefore we intend to
make quarterly distributions to our stockholders beginning
within 120 days after we complete this offering in order to
qualify as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax
purposes for the 2003 tax year.
Our strategy includes the use of leverage so that
we may make more investments than would otherwise be possible in
order to maximize potential returns to stockholders. Our board
of directors has adopted a policy that our aggregate borrowing
will not result in a total debt to total equity ratio greater
than two-to-one, but we are not otherwise limited with respect
to the amount of leverage that we may use for the acquisition of
any specific property. We intend to use non-recourse financing
that will allow us to limit our loss exposure on any property to
the amount of equity invested in that property. We may also
borrow funds on a short-term basis or incur other indebtedness.
Some of our investments may be made through joint ventures that
will permit us to own interests in large properties without
restricting the diversity of our portfolio.
Our Adviser
Gladstone Management Corporation, a recently
formed Delaware corporation and a registered investment adviser,
will serve as our adviser, and we refer to it in this prospectus
as our Adviser. Under the terms of an advisory
agreement we have with our Adviser, our Adviser will be
responsible for managing our business on a day-to-day basis and
for identifying and making acquisitions and dispositions that it
believes meet our investment criteria. Our Advisers
address is 1750 Tysons Blvd., Fourth Floor, McLean, Virginia
22102, and its telephone number is (703) 744-1165.
Each of our officers, who are also officers of
our Adviser, has significant experience in making investments in
and lending to small and medium-sized businesses, including
investing in real estate and making mortgage loans:
2
In addition to Messrs. Gladstone, Brubaker
and Stelljes, our Adviser currently has five professionals, or
principals, who will be involved in structuring and arranging
our transactions. Additionally, our Adviser plans to hire
additional investing professionals following this offering. We
believe that the expertise of our Advisers professionals
will help us to be successful in investing in real property and
making long-term mortgage loans.
Our Adviser will have responsibility for all
aspects of our operations including:
Payments to our Adviser
Under the terms of the advisory agreement we have
with our Adviser, we will reimburse our Adviser for certain
expenses it incurs related to its management of our activities.
Since our advisory agreement permits our Adviser to provide
services to other entities, its officers, directors and
employees may also be working on business for others. Our
Adviser will receive compensation in the form of reimbursement
for
3
There are many conditions and restrictions on our
reimbursement of our Advisers expenses. For a more
complete explanation of these amounts see Our
Adviser Advisory Agreement Payments to
our Adviser Under the Advisory Agreement.
In rare circumstances, we may pay fees to our
Adviser in addition to the reimbursement of expenses described
above. Any such fees will be subject to the approval of our
board of directors.
4
Our Structure
The following diagram depicts our ownership
structure upon completion of this offering. Our Operating
Partnership will own our real estate investments directly or
indirectly, and in some cases through special purpose entities
that we may create in connection with the acquisition of real
property. The ownership percentages in the table below exclude
any shares that Mr. Gladstone may purchase upon the
exercise of stock options and assume no exercise of the
underwriters over-allotment option.
5
David Gladstone, our chairman and chief executive
officer and chairman and chief executive officer of our Adviser,
has over 25 years experience in making loans to and investing in
small and medium-sized companies at Gladstone Capital
Corporation (NASDAQ: GLAD), Allied Capital Corporation (NYSE:
ALD) and American Capital Strategies, Ltd. (NASDAQ: ACAS). While
with Allied Capital, Mr. Gladstone served as chairman, president
and chief executive officer of Allied Capital Commercial
Corporation, a publicly traded REIT that made real estate loans
to small and medium-sized businesses and as chairman, president
and chief executive officer of Business Mortgage Investors, a
private mortgage REIT. Both of these REITs were managed by
Allied Capital Advisers, an entity for whom
Mr. Gladstone served as chairman and chief executive
officer. In addition, Allied Capital Advisers managed three
public investment companies. Mr. Gladstone is also a former
director of Capital Automotive REIT (NASDAQ: CARS), a real
estate investment trust that leases real estate to automobile
dealerships and automotive service, repair and related
businesses.
Terry Lee Brubaker, our president and chief
operating officer and president and chief operating officer of
our Adviser, has significant experience in investing in small
and medium-sized businesses in his present role as president and
chief operating officer of Gladstone Capital Corporation and has
over 25 years experience in making acquisitions and
managing companies following their acquisition.
Mr. Brubaker was a co-architect and assisted in the
implementation of the acquisition strategy of James River
Corporation and managed several of its divisions.
George Stelljes, III, our executive vice
president and chief investment officer and the executive vice
president and chief investment officer of our Adviser, has
extensive experience in investing in and lending to small and
medium-sized companies at Gladstone Capital Corporation, Allied
Capital Corporation and a number of venture capital firms.
selecting properties for potential acquisitions,
evaluating and negotiating the terms of each proposed
acquisition, and assisting in our consummation of the
acquisitions;
evaluating and negotiating the terms of
commercial and industrial leases and mortgage loans that we
choose to make or otherwise acquire;
negotiating the terms of any borrowing we
undertake, including lines of credit and any long-term financing;
managing our day-to-day operations, including
accounting, property management and investor relations; and
arranging for and negotiating the disposition of
our assets.
Estimated
$ Amount for Maximum
Type of Compensation
Form of Compensation
Offering (6,325,000 shares)
Offering Stage
Organization and Offering Expenses
Reimbursement on a dollar-for- dollar basis
$1,000,000
Acquisition and Development Stage
Expenses incurred by our Adviser for our direct
benefit (e.g., legal, accounting, tax and consulting fees)
Reimbursement on a dollar-for- dollar basis
$300,000 annually
Third party fees that are directly related to our
business (e.g., real estate brokerage, mortgage placement,
lease-up and transaction structuring fees)
Reimbursement on a dollar-for- dollar basis
Not determinable at this time
Operational Stage
Payroll and Benefits Expenses
Reimbursement of our pro rata portion (based on
the percentage of total hours worked by each employee of our
Adviser on our matters)
$425,000 annually
All other expenses of our Adviser
Reimbursement of our pro rata portion (based on
the percentage of total hours worked by our Advisers
personnel that are spent on our matters) (subject to certain
limitations described in Our Adviser Advisory
Agreement)
$275,000 annually
Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the matters
discussed in the Risk Factors section of this
prospectus beginning on page 8 prior to deciding to invest
in our common stock. Some of the risks include:
Our Affiliates
All but one of our directors and all of our
executive officers are also affiliated with Gladstone Capital
Corporation, a publicly held closed-end management investment
company whose common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National
Market under the trading symbol GLAD. Gladstone
Capital makes loans to and investments in small and medium-sized
businesses. It does not buy or lease real estate. Gladstone
Capital will not make loans to or investments in any company
with which we have or intend to enter into a real estate lease
or mortgage loan. David Gladstone, our chairman and chief
executive officer, also serves as chairman of Gladstone Land
Corporation, a privately held corporation which invests
primarily in agricultural real estate. We do not presently
intend to co-invest with Gladstone Capital, Gladstone Land or
any other affiliated entity in any business. However, in the
future it may be advisable for us to co-invest with one of our
affiliates. We will obtain approval of our stockholders before
we change our policy on co-investments with affiliates.
Our Adviser is a registered investment adviser
and does not buy or lease real estate other than for its own
use. Our Adviser will not make loans to or investments in any
company with which we have or intend to enter into a real estate
lease or mortgage loan. We will not co-invest with our Adviser
in any business or real estate transaction.
6
We are a new company with no operating history
and may not be able to operate successfully.
We have not identified any specific property to
purchase or mortgage loan to make with the net proceeds we will
receive from this offering and, as a result, investors will be
unable to evaluate the manner in which the net proceeds are
invested and the economic merits of projects prior to investment.
We are not currently able to set a distribution
rate, and the distribution rate we fix in the future may have an
adverse effect on the market price for our common stock.
Highly leveraged tenants and borrowers may be
unable to pay rent or make mortgage payments, which could
adversely affect our cash available to make distributions to our
stockholders.
Our real estate investments may include special
use and single tenant properties that may be difficult to sell
or re-lease upon tenant defaults or early lease terminations.
The inability of a tenant in a single tenant
property to pay rent will reduce our revenues.
Our business strategy relies heavily on external
financing, which may expose us to risks associated with leverage
such as restrictions on additional borrowing and payment of
distributions, risks associated with balloon payments and risk
of loss of our equity upon foreclosure.
We are subject to certain risks associated with
real estate ownership and lending which could reduce the value
of our investments.
We may not qualify as a REIT for federal income
tax purposes, which would subject us to federal income tax on
our taxable income at regular corporate rates, thereby reducing
the amount of funds available for paying distributions to
stockholders.
Our success will depend on the performance of our
Adviser and if our Adviser makes inadvisable investment or
management decisions, our operations could be materially
adversely impacted.
Conflicts Of Interest
Each of our officers is also an officer or
director of our Adviser and Gladstone Capital. Our Adviser and
its affiliates may have conflicts of interest in the course of
performing their duties for us. These conflicts may include:
The Conflicts of Interest section of
this prospectus discusses in more detail the more significant of
these potential conflicts of interest, as well as the procedures
that have been established to mitigate a number of these
potential conflicts.
The Offering
7
Our Adviser may realize substantial compensation
on account of its activities on our behalf;
Our agreements with our Adviser are not
arms-length agreements;
We may experience competition with our affiliates
for financing transactions; and
Our Adviser and other affiliates could compete
for the time and services of our officers and directors.
Common stock offered by us (1) (2)
5,500,000 shares
Common stock to be outstanding after this
offering (1)
5,552,000 shares
Use of proceeds
To purchase commercial and industrial real estate
for lease and to fund commercial and industrial mortgage loans
Nasdaq Listing Symbol
GOOD
Distribution Policy
Consistent with our objective of qualifying as a
REIT, we expect to pay quarterly distributions and distribute at
least 90% of our REIT taxable income. We expect to commence
quarterly distributions within 120 days after we complete
this offering. Our board of directors will determine the amount
and timing of our distributions.
Our Adviser
Pursuant to the terms of an advisory agreement,
our Adviser will administer our day-to-day operations and select
our real estate investments.
(1)
Excludes 825,000 shares of our common stock
issuable pursuant to the over-allotment option granted to the
underwriters and shares of our common stock which may be
purchased by our officers and directors upon the exercise of
options.
(2)
Up to 1,100,000 shares of our common stock to be
sold in this offering will be reserved for sale by the
underwriters to our directors, officers and employees and other
persons designated by us at the public offering price, less the
underwriting discount. Any shares of our common stock not
directed by us will be sold by the underwriters in the offering
at the public offering price set forth on the cover of this
prospectus. For more information, see
UnderwritingDirected Share Program.
RISK FACTORS
Before you invest in our securities, you
should be aware that your investment is subject to various
risks, including those described below. You should carefully
consider these risk factors together with all of the other
information included in this prospectus before you decide to
purchase our securities.
Risks Relating To Our Business
We were incorporated in February 2003 and to
date have not purchased any properties, made any mortgage loans
or conducted any significant operations. In addition, we are
subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties
associated with any new business enterprise. Our failure to
operate successfully or profitably or accomplish our investment
objectives could have a material adverse effect on our ability
to generate cash flow to make distributions to our stockholders,
and the value of an investment in our common stock may decline
substantially or be reduced to zero.
At the time of this offering, we have not
identified any specific property to purchase or mortgage loan to
make with the net proceeds we will receive from this offering.
As a result, investors in the offering will be unable to
evaluate the manner in which the net proceeds are invested and
the economic merits of projects prior to investment.
Additionally, our Adviser will have broad authority to make
acquisitions of, or mortgage loans with respect to, properties
that it may identify in the future. There can be no assurance
that our Adviser will be able to identify or negotiate
acceptable terms for the acquisition of, or mortgage loans with
respect to, properties that meet our investment criteria, or
that we will be able to acquire such properties or make such
mortgage loans. We cannot assure you that acquisitions or
mortgage loans made using the proceeds of this offering will
produce a return on our investment. Any significant delay in
investing the proceeds of this offering would have a material
adverse effect on our ability to generate cash flow and make
distributions to our stockholders.
Because we are newly organized and hold no
properties or mortgage loans, we currently do not have the
ability to predict the amount or timing of our cash flow or to
fix our distribution rate. Our distribution rate will depend
entirely on the timing and amount of rent and mortgage payments
from investments we make. Our failure to rapidly invest the net
proceeds of this offering or make investments at acceptable
rates of return could result in our fixing a distribution rate
that is not competitive with alternative investments, which
could adversely affect the market price for our common stock.
Some of our tenants or borrowers may have been
recently restructured using leverage or been acquired in a
leveraged transaction. Tenants or borrowers that are subject to
significant debt obligations may be unable to make their rent or
mortgage payments if there are adverse changes to their
businesses or economic conditions. Tenants that have experienced
leveraged restructurings or acquisitions will generally have
substantially greater debt and substantially lower net worth
than they had prior to the leveraged transaction. In addition,
the payment of rent and debt service may reduce the working
capital available to leveraged entities and prevent them from
devoting the resources necessary to remain competitive in their
industries. In situations where management of the tenant or
borrower will change after a transaction, it may be difficult
for our Adviser to determine with certainty the likelihood of
the tenants or borrowers business success and of it
being able to pay rent or make mortgage payments throughout the
lease or loan
8
Leveraged tenants and borrowers are more
susceptible to bankruptcy than unleveraged tenants. Bankruptcy
of a tenant or borrower could cause:
Under bankruptcy law, a tenant who is the subject
of bankruptcy proceedings has the option of continuing or
terminating any unexpired lease. If a bankrupt tenant terminates
a lease with us, any claim we might have for breach of the lease
(excluding a claim against collateral securing the claim) will
be treated as a general unsecured claim. Our claim would likely
be capped at the amount the tenant owed us for unpaid rent prior
to the bankruptcy unrelated to the termination, plus the greater
of one years lease payments or 15% of the remaining lease
payments payable under the lease (but no more than three
years lease payments). In addition, due to the long-term
nature of our leases and terms providing for the repurchase of a
property by the tenant, a bankruptcy court could recharacterize
a net lease transaction as a secured lending transaction. If
that were to occur, we would not be treated as the owner of the
property, but might have additional rights as a secured creditor.
We intend to focus our investments on commercial
and industrial properties which may include manufacturing
facilities, special use storage or warehouse facilities and
special use single tenant properties. These types of properties
are relatively illiquid compared to other types of real estate
and financial assets. This illiquidity will limit our ability to
quickly change our portfolio in response to changes in economic
or other conditions. With these properties, if the current lease
is terminated or not renewed or, in the case of a mortgage loan,
if we take such property in foreclosure, we may be required to
renovate the property or to make rent concessions in order to
lease the property to another tenant or sell the property. In
addition, in the event we are forced to sell the property, we
may have difficulty selling it to a party other than the tenant
or borrower due to the special purpose for which the property
may have been designed. These and other limitations may affect
our ability to sell or re-lease properties without adversely
affecting returns to our stockholders.
We expect that most of our properties will be
occupied by a single tenant and, therefore, the success of our
investments will be materially dependent on the financial
stability of these tenants. Lease payment defaults by these
tenants could adversely affect our cash flows and cause us to
reduce the amount of distributions to stockholders. In the event
of a default by a tenant, we may experience delays in enforcing
our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in
protecting our investment and re-leasing our property. If a
lease is terminated, there is no assurance that we will be able
to lease the property for the rent previously received or sell
the property without incurring a loss.
Our acquisition strategy contemplates the use of
leverage so that we may make more investments than would
otherwise be possible in order to maximize potential returns to
stockholders. If the income generated by our properties and
other assets fails to cover our debt service, we could be forced
to reduce
9
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives
will be affected by our ability to borrow money in sufficient
amounts and on favorable terms. We expect that we will borrow
money that will be secured by our properties and that these
financing arrangements will contain customary covenants such as
those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the
lender, to further mortgage the applicable property or to
discontinue insurance coverage. In addition, any credit facility
we might enter into is likely to contain certain customary
restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability
to incur indebtedness, and will specify debt ratios that we will
be required to maintain. Accordingly, we may be unable to obtain
the degree of leverage we believe to be optimal, which may cause
us to have less cash for distribution to stockholders than we
would have with an optimal amount of leverage. Our use of
leverage could also make us more vulnerable to a downturn in our
business or the economy generally. There is also a risk that a
significant increase in the ratio of our indebtedness to the
measures of asset value used by financial analysts may have an
adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
Some of our debt financing arrangements may
require us to make lump-sum or balloon payments at
maturity. Our ability to make a balloon payment at maturity is
uncertain and may depend upon our ability to obtain additional
financing or to sell the financed property. At the time the
balloon payment is due, we may not be able to refinance the
balloon payment on terms as favorable as the original loan or
sell the property at a price sufficient to make the balloon
payment, which could adversely affect the amount of our
distributions to stockholders.
Once the net proceeds of this offering have been
substantially fully invested, we intend to acquire additional
properties by borrowing all or a portion of the purchase price
and securing the loan with a mortgage on some or all of our real
property. If we are unable to make our debt payments as
required, a lender could foreclose on the property securing its
loan. This could cause us to lose part or all of our investment
in such property which in turn could cause the value of our
common stock or the amount of distributions to our stockholders
to be reduced.
Our investments may include net leased industrial
and commercial property or mortgage loans secured by industrial
and commercial real estate. Our performance, and the value of
our investments, is subject to risks incident to the ownership
and operation of these types of properties, including:
We will compete for the acquisition of properties
with many other entities engaged in real estate investment
activities, including financial institutions, institutional
pension funds, other REITs, other public and private real estate
companies and private real estate investors. These competitors
may prevent us from
10
Leasing real property or making mortgage loans to
small and medium-sized businesses will expose us to a number of
unique risks related to these entities, including the following:
11
To qualify as a REIT, we generally must
distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our taxable
income each year, excluding capital gains. Because of this
distribution requirement, it is not likely that we will be able
to fund a significant portion of our future capital needs,
including property acquisitions, from retained earnings.
Therefore, we will likely rely on public and private debt and
equity capital to fund our business. This capital may not be
available on favorable terms or at all. Our access to additional
capital depends on a number of things, including the
markets perception of our growth potential and our current
and potential future earnings. Moreover, additional debt
financings may substantially increase our leverage.
Based on the anticipated net proceeds to be
received from this offering, the expected investment size and
our Advisers experience in the marketplace, we estimate
that we will purchase, or make mortgage loans secured by, an
aggregate of approximately 10 to 15 properties with the proceeds
of this offering. To the extent we are able to leverage such
investments, we will acquire additional properties with the
proceeds of borrowings, subject to our debt policy. A
consequence of a limited number of investments is that the
aggregate returns we realize may be substantially adversely
affected by the unfavorable performance of a small number of
leases or mortgage loans or a significant decline in the value
of any property. In addition, while we do not intend to invest
20% or more of our total assets in a particular property at the
time of investment, it is possible that, as the values of our
properties change, one property may comprise in excess of 20% of
the value of our total assets. Lack of diversification will
increase the potential that a single under-performing investment
could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and the
price we could realize from the sale of our properties.
Losses from disaster-type occurrences (such as
wars or earthquakes) may be either uninsurable or not insurable
on economically viable terms. Should an uninsured loss occur, we
could lose our capital investment or anticipated profits and
cash flow from one or more properties.
We intend to purchase industrial and commercial
properties and will be subject to the risk of liabilities under
federal, state and local environmental laws. Some of these laws
could subject us to:
12
We will generally include provisions in our
leases making tenants responsible for all environmental
liabilities and for compliance with environmental regulations,
and requiring tenants to reimburse us for damages or costs for
which we have been found liable. However, these provisions will
not eliminate our statutory liability or preclude third party
claims against us. Even if we were to have a legal claim against
a tenant to enable us to recover any amounts we are required to
pay, there are no assurances that we would be able to collect
any money from the tenant. Our costs of investigation,
remediation or removal of hazardous substances may be
substantial. In addition, the presence of hazardous substances
on one of our properties, or the failure to properly remediate a
contaminated property, could adversely affect our ability to
sell or lease the property or to borrow using the property as
collateral.
We may participate in joint ventures or purchase
properties jointly with other unaffiliated entities. There are
additional risks involved in these types of transactions. These
risks include the potential of our joint venture partner
becoming bankrupt or our economic or business interests
diverging. These diverging interests could, among other things,
expose us to liabilities of the joint venture in excess of our
proportionate share of these liabilities. The partition rights
of each owner in a jointly owned property could reduce the value
of each portion of the divided property.
We expect a large portion of our rental income to
come from net leases. Net leases frequently provide the tenant
greater discretion in using the leased property than ordinary
property leases, such as the right to freely sublease the
property, to make alterations in the leased premises and to
terminate the lease prior to its expiration under specified
circumstances. Further, net leases are typically for longer
lease terms and, thus, there is an increased risk that
contractual rental increases in future years will fail to result
in fair market rental rates during those years. As a result, our
income and distributions to our stockholders could be lower than
if we did not engage in net leases.
We may experience interest rate volatility in
connection with mortgage loans on our properties or other
variable-rate debt that we may obtain from time to time. We may
seek to mitigate our exposure to changing interest rates by
using interest rate hedging arrangements such as interest rate
swaps and caps. These derivative instruments involve risk and
may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate
changes. Risks inherent in derivative instruments include the
risk that counter-parties to derivative contracts may be unable
to perform their obligations, the risk that interest rates move
in a direction contrary to, or move slower than the period
contemplated by, the direction or time period that the
derivative instrument is designed to cover, and the risk that
the terms of such instrument will not be legally enforceable.
While we intend to design our hedging strategies to protect
against movements in interest rates, derivative instruments that
we are likely to use may also involve immediate costs, which
could reduce our cash available for distribution to our
stockholders. Likewise, ineffective hedges, as well as the
occurrence of any of the risks inherent in derivatives, could
adversely affect our reported operating results or reduce your
overall investment returns. Our Adviser and our board of
directors will review each of our derivative contracts and
periodically evaluate their effectiveness against their stated
purposes.
Risks Associated With Our Use of an Adviser to
Manage Our Business
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives
and to pay distributions to our stockholders is dependent upon
the performance of our Adviser in evaluating potential
investments, selecting and negotiating property purchases and
dispositions and mortgage loans, selecting tenants and
borrowers, setting lease or mortgage loan terms and determining
financing arrangements. You will have no
13
Our Adviser will manage our business and will
locate, evaluate, recommend and negotiate the acquisition of our
real estate investments. At the same time, our advisory
agreement permits our Adviser to conduct other commercial
activities and provide management and advisory services to other
entities, including Gladstone Land Corporation, an entity
affiliated with our chairman David Gladstone. Moreover, most of
our officers and directors are also officers and directors of
Gladstone Capital Corporation, which actively makes loans to and
invests in small and medium-sized companies. As a result, we may
from time to time have conflicts of interest with our Adviser in
its management of our business and with Gladstone Capital, which
may arise primarily from the involvement of our Adviser,
Gladstone Capital, Gladstone Land and their affiliates in other
activities that may conflict with our business. Examples of
these potential conflicts include:
These and other conflicts of interest between us
and our Adviser could have a material adverse effect on the
operation of our business and the selection or management of our
real estate investments.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives
will depend on our ability to sustain continued growth, which
will, in turn, depend on our Advisers ability to find,
select and negotiate property purchases, net leases and mortgage
loans that meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this
result on a cost-effective basis is largely a function of our
Advisers marketing capabilities, management of the
investment process, ability to provide competent, attentive and
efficient services and our access to financing sources on
acceptable terms. As we grow, our Adviser may be required to
hire, train, supervise and manage new employees. Our
Advisers failure to effectively manage our future growth
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
We are dependent on our senior management and
other key management members to carry out our business and
investment strategies. Our future success depends to a
significant extent on the continued service and coordination of
our senior management team, particularly David Gladstone, our
chairman and chief executive officer, Terry Lee Brubaker, our
president and chief operating officer and George Stelljes, III,
our executive vice president and chief investment officer. The
departure of any of our executive officers or key employees
could have a material adverse effect on our ability to implement
our business strategy and to achieve our investment objectives.
14
Risks Associated With Our Organizational
Structure
Our articles of incorporation prohibit ownership
of more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares of our common stock
by one person. This restriction may discourage a change of
control and may deter individuals or entities from making tender
offers for our common stock, which offers might otherwise be
financially attractive to our stockholders or which might cause
a change in our management. See Certain Provisions of
Maryland Law and of our Articles of Incorporation and
Bylaws Restrictions on Ownership of Shares.
Certain provisions of Maryland law applicable to
us prohibit business combinations with:
These prohibitions last for five years after the
most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an
interested stockholder. Thereafter, any business combination
with the interested stockholder must be recommended by our board
of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least
80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our
outstanding shares of common stock and two-thirds of the votes
entitled to be cast by holders of our common stock other than
shares held by the interested stockholder. These requirements
could have the effect of inhibiting a change in control even if
a change in control were in our stockholders interest.
These provisions of Maryland law do not apply, however, to
business combinations that are approved or exempted by our board
of directors prior to the time that someone becomes an
interested stockholder.
Our directors will be divided into three classes,
with the term of the directors in each class expiring every
third year. At each annual meeting of stockholders, the
successors to the class of directors whose term expires at such
meeting will be elected to hold office for a term expiring at
the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year
following the year of their election. After election, a director
may only be removed by our stockholders for cause. Election of
directors for staggered terms with limited rights to remove
directors makes it more difficult for a hostile bidder to
acquire control of us. The existence of this provision may
negatively impact the price of our common stock and may
discourage third-party bids to acquire our common stock. This
provision may reduce any premiums paid to you for your shares of
common stock in a change in control transaction.
Tax Risks
We currently intend to operate in a manner that
will allow us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes. Our qualification as a REIT will depend on our ability
to meet various requirements set forth in the Internal Revenue
Code concerning, among other things, the ownership of our
outstanding common stock, the nature of our assets, the sources
of our income and the amount of our distributions to our
stockholders. The REIT qualification requirements are extremely
complex, and interpretations of the federal income tax laws
governing qualification as a REIT are limited. Accordingly, we
cannot be certain
15
If we lose or revoke our REIT status, we will
face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the
funds available for distribution to you because:
In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, all
distributions to stockholders would be subject to tax to the
extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits,
provided that the rate of tax on the taxable portion of such
distributions is limited to 15% through 2008. If we were taxed
as a regular corporation, we would not be required to make
distributions to stockholders and corporate distributees might
be eligible for the dividends received deduction.
As a result of all these factors, our failure to
qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our
business and raise capital, and would adversely affect the value
of our common stock.
As described herein, we intend to operate so as
to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Although
we have not requested, and do not expect to request, a ruling
from the IRS that we qualify as a REIT, we have received an
opinion of our counsel that, based on certain assumptions and
representations, we will so qualify. You should be aware,
however, that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS or
any court. The REIT qualification opinion only represents the
view of our counsel based on its review and analysis of existing
law, which includes no controlling precedent, and therefore
could be subject to modification or withdrawal based on future
legislative, judicial or administrative changes to the federal
income tax laws, any of which could be applied retroactively.
The validity of the opinion of our counsel and of our
qualification as a REIT will depend on our continuing ability to
meet the various REIT requirements described herein. An IRS
determination that we do not qualify as a REIT would deprive our
stockholders of the tax benefits of our REIT status only if the
IRS determination is upheld in court or otherwise becomes final.
To the extent that we challenge an IRS determination that we do
not qualify as a REIT, we may incur legal expenses that would
reduce our funds available for distribution to stockholders.
In order to qualify as a REIT, each year we must
distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our taxable
income, other than any net capital gains. To the extent that we
satisfy the distribution requirement but distribute less than
100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal
corporate income tax on our undistributed income. In addition,
we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if
any, by which our distributions in any year are less than the
sum of:
16
We intend to pay out our income to our
stockholders in a manner intended to satisfy the distribution
requirement applicable to REITs and to avoid corporate income
tax and the 4% excise tax. Differences in timing between the
recognition of income and the related cash receipts or the
effect of required debt amortization payments could require us
to borrow money or sell assets to pay out enough of our taxable
income to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid
corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year.
In the future, we may borrow funds to pay distributions to our
stockholders and the limited partners of our Operating
Partnership. Any funds that we borrow would subject us to
interest rate and other market risks.
The IRS may take the position that specific
sale-leaseback transactions we may treat as true leases are not
true leases for federal income tax purposes but are, instead,
financing arrangements or loans. If a sale-leaseback transaction
were so recharacterized, we might fail to satisfy the asset or
income tests required for REIT qualification and consequently
lose our REIT status effective with the year of
recharacterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT
taxable income could be recalculated which could cause us to
fail the distribution test for REIT qualification. See
Federal Income Tax Consequences of our Status as a
REIT Sale-Leaseback Transactions.
If you are investing the assets of a pension,
profit sharing, 401(k), Keogh or other retirement plan, IRA or
benefit plan in us, you should consider:
We do not believe that under current ERISA law
and regulations that our assets would be treated as plan
assets for purposes of ERISA. However, if our assets were
considered to be plan assets, our assets would be subject to
ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, and
some of the transactions we have entered into with our Adviser
and its affiliates could be considered prohibited
transactions which could cause us, our Adviser and its
affiliates to be subject to liabilities and excise taxes. In
addition, our officers and directors, our Adviser and its
affiliates could be deemed to be fiduciaries under ERISA and
subject to other conditions, restrictions and prohibitions under
Part 4 of Title I of ERISA. Even if our assets are not
considered to be plan assets, a prohibited transaction could
occur if we or any of our affiliates is a fiduciary (within the
meaning of ERISA) with respect to a purchase by a benefit plan
and, therefore, unless an administrative or statutory exemption
applies in the event such persons are fiduciaries (within the
meaning of ERISA) with respect to your purchase, shares should
not be purchased.
We intend to maintain the status of the Operating
Partnership as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.
However, if the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of
the Operating Partnership as a partnership, it would be taxable
as a corporation. In such event, this would reduce the amount of
distributions that the Operating Partnership could make to us.
This would also result in our losing REIT status and becoming
subject to a corporate level tax on our own income. This would
substantially reduce our cash available to pay distributions and
the return on your investment. In addition, if any of the
entities through which the Operating Partnership owns its
properties, in whole or in part, loses its characterization
17
Risks Relating to this Offering and the Market
for our Common Stock
Even if an active trading market develops for our
common stock after this offering, the market price of our common
stock may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations.
In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may
fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If
the market price of our common stock declines significantly, you
may be unable to resell your shares at or above the initial
public offering price. We cannot assure you that the market
price of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline
significantly in the future. Some of the factors that could
negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in
the price or trading volume of our common stock include:
We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future
sales of common stock, or the availability of shares for future
sales, on the market price of our common stock. Sales of
substantial amounts of common stock (including shares of common
stock issuable upon the conversion of units of our operating
partnership that we may issue from time to time, the sale of up
to 52,000 shares of common stock held by David
18
Terrorist attacks, such as the attacks that
occurred in New York and Washington, D.C. on September 11,
2001, may negatively affect our operations and your investment
in our common stock. We cannot assure you that there will not be
further terrorist attacks against the United States or United
States businesses. Some of our properties are likely to be in
prominent locations, or located in areas that may be susceptible
to attack, which may make these properties more likely to be
viewed as terrorist targets than similar properties in less
prominent locations. These attacks or armed conflicts may
directly impact the value of our properties through damage,
destruction, loss or increased security costs. Certain losses
resulting from these types of events are uninsurable and others
are not likely to be covered by our insurance.
The United States recently entered into an armed
conflict with Iraq, and may enter into additional armed
conflicts in the future. The consequences of any armed conflicts
are unpredictable, and we may not be able to foresee events that
could have an adverse effect on our business.
Any of these events could result in increased
volatility in or damage to the United States and worldwide
financial markets and economies. They also could result in a
continuation of the current economic uncertainty in the United
States or abroad. Adverse economic conditions could affect the
ability of our tenants to pay rent and of our borrowers to make
their mortgage payments, which could have a material adverse
effect on our operating results and financial condition, as well
as our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, and
may result in volatility in the market price for our common
stock.
One of the factors that investors may consider in
deciding whether to buy or sell our common stock is our
distribution rate as a percentage of our share price, relative
to market interest rates. If market interest rates increase,
prospective investors may desire a higher distribution yield on
our common stock or seek securities paying higher dividends or
interest. The market price of our common stock likely will be
based primarily on the earnings that we derive from rental
income with respect to our properties, interest earned on our
mortgage loans and our related distributions to stockholders,
and not from the underlying appraised value of the properties
themselves. As a result, interest rate fluctuations and capital
market conditions are likely to affect the market price of our
common stock, and such effects could be significant. For
instance, if interest rates rise without an increase in our
distribution rate, the market price of our common stock could
decrease because potential investors may require a higher
distribution yield on our common stock as market rates on
interest-bearing securities, such as bonds, rise.
19
We are a new company with no operating
history and may not be able to operate
successfully.
We have not identified any specific
property to purchase or mortgage loan to make with the net
proceeds we will receive from this offering, and investors will
be unable to evaluate the manner in which the net proceeds are
invested and the economic merits of projects prior to
investment.
We are not currently able to set a
distribution rate, and the distribution rate we fix in the
future may have an adverse effect on the market price for our
common stock.
Highly leveraged tenants or borrowers may
be unable to pay rent or make mortgage payments, which could
adversely affect our cash available to make distributions to our
stockholders.
the loss of lease or mortgage payments to us;
an increase in the costs we incur to carry the
property occupied by such tenant;
a reduction in the value of our common stock; and
a decrease in distributions to our stockholders.
Our real estate investments may include
special use and single tenant properties that may be difficult
to sell or re-lease upon tenant defaults or early lease
terminations.
The inability of a tenant in a single
tenant property to pay rent will reduce our
revenues.
Our business strategy relies heavily on
external financing, which may expose us to risks associated with
leverage such as restrictions on additional borrowing and
payment of distributions, risks associated with balloon
payments, and risk of loss of our equity upon
foreclosure.
We are subject to certain risks associated
with real estate ownership and lending which could reduce the
value of our investments.
changes in the general economic climate;
changes in local conditions such as an oversupply
of space or reduction in demand for real estate;
changes in interest rates and the availability of
financing;
competition from other available space; and
changes in laws and governmental regulations,
including those governing real estate usage, zoning and taxes.
Competition for the acquisition of real
estate may impede our ability to make acquisitions or increase
the cost of these acquisitions, which could adversely affect our
operating results and financial condition.
We expect to lease our properties or make
mortgage loans to small and medium-sized businesses, which will
expose us to additional risks unique to these
entities.
Small and medium-sized businesses may have
limited financial resources and may not be able to make their
lease or mortgage payments.
A small or
medium-sized tenant or borrower is more likely to have
difficulty making its lease or mortgage payments when it
experiences adverse events, such as the failure to meet its
business plan, a downturn in its industry or negative economic
conditions.
Small and medium-sized businesses typically
have narrower product lines and smaller market shares than large
businesses.
Because our target tenants
or borrowers are smaller businesses, they will tend to be more
vulnerable to competitors actions and market conditions,
as well as general economic downturns. In addition, our target
tenants or borrowers may face intense competition, including
competition from companies with greater financial resources,
more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing and other
capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and
technical personnel.
There is generally little or no publicly
available information about our target tenants and borrowers.
Many of our tenants and borrowers are
likely to be privately owned businesses, about which there is
generally little or no publicly available operating and
financial information. As a result, we will rely on our Adviser
to perform due diligence investigations of these tenants and
borrowers, their operations and their prospects. We may not
learn all of the material information we need to know regarding
these businesses through our investigations.
Small and medium-sized businesses generally
have less predictable operating results.
We expect that many of our tenants and
borrowers may experience significant fluctuations in their
operating results, may from time to time be parties to
litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with
products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, may
require substantial additional capital to support their
operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their
competitive positions, may otherwise have a weak financial
position or may be adversely affected by changes in the business
cycle. Our tenants and borrowers may not meet net income, cash
flow and other coverage tests typically imposed by their senior
lenders. The failure of a tenant or borrower to satisfy
financial or operating covenants imposed by senior lenders could
lead to defaults and, potentially, foreclosure on credit
facilities, which could additionally trigger cross-defaults in
other agreements. If this were to occur, it is possible that the
ability of the tenant or borrower to make required payments to
us would be jeopardized.
Small and medium-sized businesses are more
likely to be dependent on one or two persons.
Typically, the success of a small or
medium-sized business also depends on the management talents and
efforts of one or two persons or a small group of persons. The
death, disability or resignation of
one or more of these persons could have a
material adverse impact on our tenant or borrower and, in turn,
on us.
Small and medium-sized businesses may have
limited operating histories.
While we
intend to target as tenants and borrowers stable companies with
proven track records, we may lease properties or lend money to
new companies that meet our other investment criteria. Tenants
or borrowers with limited operating histories will be exposed to
all of the operating risks that new businesses face and may be
particularly susceptible to, among other risks, market
downturns, competitive pressures and the departure of key
executive officers.
Because we must distribute a substantial
portion of our net income to qualify as a REIT, we will be
largely dependent on third-party sources of capital to fund our
future capital needs.
Our real estate portfolio will be
concentrated in a limited number of properties, which subjects
us to an increased risk of significant loss if any property
declines in value or if we are unable to lease a
property.
Liability for uninsured losses could
adversely affect our financial condition.
Potential liability for environmental
matters could adversely affect our financial
condition.
responsibility and liability for the cost of
removal or remediation of hazardous substances released on our
properties, generally without regard to our knowledge of or
responsibility for the presence of the contaminants;
liability for the costs of removal or remediation
of hazardous substances at disposal facilities for persons who
arrange for the disposal or treatment of these substances; and
potential liability for common law claims by
third parties for damages resulting from environmental
contaminants.
Our potential participation in joint
ventures creates additional risk.
Net leases may not result in fair market
lease rates over time.
Failure to hedge effectively against
interest rate changes may adversely affect our results of
operations.
Our success will depend on the performance
of our Adviser and if our Adviser makes inadvisable investment
or management decisions, our operations could be materially
adversely impacted.
We may have conflicts of interest with our
Adviser and other affiliates.
Our Adviser may realize substantial compensation
on account of its activities on our behalf;
Our agreements with our Adviser are not
arms-length agreements;
We may experience competition with our affiliates
for financing transactions; and
Our Adviser and other affiliates such as
Gladstone Capital and Gladstone Land could compete for the time
and services of our officers and directors.
Our financial condition and results of
operations will depend on our Advisers ability to
effectively manage our future growth.
We are dependent upon our key management
personnel for our future success, particularly David Gladstone,
Terry Lee Brubaker and George Stelljes, III.
The limit on the number of shares of common
stock a person may own may discourage a takeover.
Certain Provisions of Maryland law could
restrict a change in control.
any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of
the voting power of our common stock, referred to as an
interested stockholder;
an affiliate of ours who, at any time within the
two-year period prior to the date in question, was an interested
stockholder; or
an affiliate of an interested stockholder.
Our staggered director terms could deter
takeover attempts and adversely impact the price of our common
stock.
We may not qualify as a REIT for federal
income tax purposes, which would subject us to federal income
tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, thereby
reducing the amount of funds available for paying distributions
to stockholders.
we would not be allowed a deduction for
distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income,
we would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate
rates and we might need to borrow money or sell assets in order
to pay any such tax;
we also could be subject to the federal
alternative minimum tax and possibly increased state and local
taxes; and
unless we are entitled to relief under statutory
provisions, we would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for
the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased
to qualify.
We will not seek to obtain a ruling from
the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that we qualify as a REIT for
federal income tax purposes.
Failure to make required distributions
would subject us to tax.
85% of our ordinary income for that year;
95% of our capital gain net income for that year;
and
100% of our undistributed taxable income from
prior years.
The IRS may treat sale-leaseback
transactions as loans, which could jeopardize our REIT
status.
There are special considerations for
pension or profit-sharing trusts, Keogh Plans or individual
retirement accounts whose assets are being invested in our
common stock.
whether your investment is consistent with the
applicable provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act (ERISA) or the Internal Revenue Code;
whether your investment will produce unrelated
business taxable income, referred to as UBTI, to the benefit
plan; and
your need to value the assets of the benefit plan
annually.
If our Operating Partnership fails to
maintain its status as a partnership for federal income tax
purposes, its income may be subject to taxation.
The market price and trading volume of our
common stock may be volatile following this
offering.
price and volume fluctuations in the stock market
from time to time, which are often unrelated to the operating
performance of particular companies;
significant volatility in the market price and
trading volume of shares of REITs, real estate companies or
other companies in our sector, which is not necessarily related
to the performance of those companies;
price and volume fluctuations in the stock market
as a result of terrorist attacks, or speculation regarding
future terrorist attacks, in the United States or abroad;
price and volume fluctuations in the stock market
as a result of involvement of the United States in armed
hostilities, or uncertainty regarding United States involvement
in such activities;
actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly
operating results or distributions;
changes in our funds from operations or earnings
estimates or the publication of research reports about us or the
real estate industry generally;
increases in market interest rates that lead
purchasers of our shares of common stock to demand a higher
yield;
changes in market valuations of similar companies;
adverse market reaction to our anticipated level
of debt or any increased indebtedness we incur in the future;
additions or departures of key management
personnel;
actions by institutional stockholders;
speculation in the press or investment community;
changes in regulatory policies or tax guidelines,
particularly with respect to REITs;
loss of REIT status for federal income tax
purposes;
loss of a major funding source; and
general market and economic conditions.
Shares of common stock eligible for future
sale may have adverse effects on our share price.
Terrorist attacks and other acts of
violence or war may affect the market on which our shares trade,
the markets in which we operate, our operations and our
profitability.
An increase in market interest rates may
have an adverse effect on the market price of our common
stock.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
We make forward-looking statements in this
prospectus that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These
forward-looking statements include information about possible or
assumed future results of our business, financial condition,
liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. When we
use the words believe, expect,
anticipate, estimate or similar
expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements.
You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking
statements. Statements regarding the following subjects are
forward-looking by their nature:
The forward-looking statements are based on our
beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance,
taking into account all information currently available to us.
These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a
result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are
known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial
condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary
materially from those expressed in our forward-looking
statements. You should carefully consider these risks before you
make an investment decision with respect to our common stock,
along with the following factors that could cause actual results
to vary from our forward-looking statements:
20
our business strategy;
our projected operating results;
our ability to obtain future financing
arrangements;
estimates relating to our future distributions;
our understanding of our competition;
market trends;
projected capital expenditures; and
use of the proceeds of this offering.
the factors referenced in this prospectus,
including those set forth under the section captioned Risk
Factors;
general volatility of the capital markets and the
market price of our common stock;
changes in our business strategy;
availability, terms and deployment of capital;
availability of qualified personnel;
changes in our industry, interest rates or the
general economy; and
the degree and nature of our competition.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds of this
offering will be approximately $75.7 million
($87.2 million if the underwriters exercise their
over-allotment option in full) after deducting the underwriting
discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We
expect to use the net proceeds of this offering to buy
commercial and industrial real estate for lease to tenants, to
make industrial and commercial mortgage loans and to reimburse
our Adviser for the expenses and fees it incurs in connection
with our business. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not
have commitments to purchase any properties or make any mortgage
loans. We will invest the net proceeds in accordance with our
investment objectives and policies. See Investment
Policies and Policies with Respect to Certain Activities
for additional information regarding our investment objectives
and policies. We estimate that it will take approximately
18 months for us to substantially invest the net proceeds
of this offering, depending on the availability of appropriate
opportunities and market conditions. Pending such investment, we
will primarily invest the net proceeds in REIT-qualified money
market instruments, short-term repurchase agreements or other
cash equivalents that are expected to provide a lower net return
than we hope to achieve from our intended real estate
investments. We may also temporarily invest in securities that
qualify as real estate assets under the REIT
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, such as mortgage-backed
securities. There can be no assurance that we will be able to
achieve our targeted investment pace. See Investment
Policies and Policies with Respect to Certain
Activities Additional Investment
Considerations Temporary Investments for
additional information about temporary investments we may make
while waiting to make real estate investments.
A tabular presentation of our estimated use of
the proceeds of this offering (assuming no exercise of the
underwriters over-allotment option) is set forth below:
We intend to distribute substantially all of our
taxable income each year (which does not ordinarily equal net
income as calculated in accordance with United States generally
accepted accounting principles) to our stockholders so as to
comply with the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.
Upon the completion of this offering, we expect to begin
investing in the types of investments described in this
prospectus, including temporary investments. As a result, we
expect to generate taxable income for the fiscal year ending
December 31, 2003, and therefore we intend to make
quarterly distributions to our stockholders beginning within
120 days after we complete this offering. Our distribution
policy is subject to revision at the discretion of our board of
directors. Our board of directors will determine the amount of
any distributions and such amount will depend on our capital
needs, our taxable earnings, our financial
21
Distributions to our stockholders will generally
be subject to tax as ordinary income, although we may designate
a portion of such distributions as capital gain and a portion
may constitute a tax-free return of capital
.
We will
furnish to each of our stockholders annually a statement setting
forth distributions paid during the preceding year and their
characterization as ordinary income, capital gains or return of
capital.
We have adopted a dividend reinvestment plan that
allows holders of our common stock to have their distributions
reinvested automatically in additional shares of our common
stock. For more information, see Dividend Reinvestment
Plan.
22
Dollar
Amount
(in thousands)
Percentage
$
82,500
100.0
%
5,775
7.0
%
600
0.7
%
150
0.2
%
100
0.1
%
50
0.1
%
100
0.1
%
(to be used to acquire properties and for general
corporate and working capital purposes)
$
75,725
91.8
%
(1)
These offering expenses are being paid by our
Adviser on our behalf, and we will reimburse our Adviser on a
dollar-for-dollar basis for these expenses.
(2)
Estimated.
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our actual
capitalization at June 30, 2003 on a historical basis and as
adjusted to give effect to the sale of our common stock offered
in this offering, net of the underwriting discount and
$1 million of estimated offering expenses, at an assumed
public offering price of $15.00. This table should be read in
conjunction with Use of Proceeds and our audited
balance sheet included elsewhere in this prospectus.
23
Actual
As adjusted
(Unaudited)
$
52
$
5,552
51,948
75,771,448
(10,654
)
(10,654
)
$
41,346
$
75,766,346
DILUTION
The calculations below assume no exercise of the
underwriters over-allotment option. The calculations below
also assume no exercise of any outstanding options to be granted
under our 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.
Our net tangible book value as adjusted at
June 30, 2003 was $41,346, or $.80 per share of common
stock. Net tangible book value per share represents our total
tangible assets minus our total liabilities, divided by the
number of shares of common stock outstanding as of that date.
After giving effect to the net proceeds from the
sale of shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed
initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, our pro forma
net tangible book value at June 30, 2003 would have been
approximately $75.7 million or $13.65 per share of common stock.
This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value
of $12.85 per share to existing stockholders and immediate
dilution of $1.35 per share to new investors purchasing shares
in this offering at an assumed offering price equal to $15.00
per share.
The following table illustrates this dilution in
net tangible book value on a per-share basis:
The following table summarizes on a pro forma
basis at June 30, 2003 the total consideration and the average
price per share of common stock paid by (1) the existing
stockholder, David Gladstone, and (2) the purchasers in
this offering:
24
$
15.00
$
.80
$
12.85
$
13.65
$
1.35
Shares Purchased
Total Consideration
Average Price
Number
Percent
Amount
Percent
Per Share
52,000
0.94
%
$
52,000
0.06
%
$
1.00
5,500,000
99.06
%
$
82,500,000
99.94
%
$
15.00
5,552,000
100
%
$
82,552,000
100
%
$
14.87
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF
We are a newly incorporated company and have
only recently commenced operations. Therefore, we do not have
any meaningful operations to discuss. Please see Risk
Factors We are a new company with no operating
history and may not be able to operate successfully for a
discussion of risks relating to our lack of historical
operations. The following analysis of our financial condition
should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and
the notes thereto and the other financial data included
elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We were incorporated under the General
Corporation Laws of the State of Maryland on February 14,
2003 primarily for the purpose of investing in and owning net
leased industrial and commercial real property and selectively
making long-term industrial and commercial mortgage loans. We
expect that a large portion of our tenants and borrowers will be
small and medium-sized businesses that have significant buyout
fund ownership and will be well capitalized, with equity
constituting between 20% and 40% of their permanent capital. We
expect that other tenants and borrowers will be family-owned
businesses that have built significant equity from paying down
the mortgage loans securing their real estate or through the
appreciation in the value of their real estate. We will seek to
enter into triple net leases having terms of approximately
15 years, with rent increases built into the leases. Under
a triple net lease, the tenant is required to pay all operating,
maintenance and insurance costs and real estate taxes with
respect to the leased property. Although we have not yet
purchased any properties or made any mortgage loans, we are
actively communicating with buyout funds, real estate brokers
and other third parties to locate properties for potential
acquisition or mortgage financing.
We will conduct substantially all of our
activities through, and substantially all of our properties will
be held directly or indirectly by, Gladstone Commercial Limited
Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership formed on
May 28, 2003, which we refer to as our Operating
Partnership. We will control our Operating Partnership as
its sole general partner, and, through our wholly owned
subsidiary Gladstone Commercial Partners, LLC, we will also
initially own all limited partnership units of our Operating
Partnership. We expect our Operating Partnership to issue
limited partnership units from time to time in exchange for
industrial and commercial real property. By structuring our
acquisitions in this manner, the sellers of the real estate will
generally be able to defer the realization of gains until they
redeem the limited partnership units. Limited partners who hold
limited partnership units in our Operating Partnership will be
entitled to redeem these units for cash or, at our election,
shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis at any time
after the first anniversary of the completion of this offering.
Whenever we issue common stock for cash, we will be obligated to
contribute any net proceeds we receive from the sale of the
stock to our Operating Partnership and our Operating Partnership
will, in turn, be obligated to issue an equivalent number of
limited partnership units to us. Our Operating Partnership will
distribute the income it generates from its operations to us and
its limited partners on a pro rata basis. We will, in turn,
distribute the amounts we receive from our Operating Partnership
to our stockholders in the form of quarterly cash distributions.
We intend to qualify as a REIT for federal tax purposes, thereby
generally avoiding federal and state income taxes on the
distributions we make to our stockholders.
Critical Accounting Policies
Management believes our most critical accounting
policies are the accounting for lease revenues (including
straight-line rent), provision for loans losses, the regular
evaluation of whether the value of a real estate asset has been
impaired and the accounting for our derivatives and hedging
activities, if any. Each of these items involve estimates that
require management to make judgments that are subjective in
nature. Management relies on its experience, collects historical
data and current market data, and analyzes these assumptions in
order to arrive at what it believes to be reasonable estimates.
Under different conditions or assumptions, materially different
amounts could be reported related to the accounting policies
described below. In addition, application of these accounting
policies involves the exercise of judgments on
25
Our revenues, which will be comprised largely of
rental income, will include rents that each tenant pays in
accordance with the terms of its respective lease reported on a
straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease. Since
our leases may provide for rental increases at specified
intervals, straight-line basis accounting will require us to
record as an asset, and include in revenues, unbilled rent that
we will only receive if the tenant makes all rent payments
required through the expiration of the initial term of the
lease. Accordingly, our management must determine, in its
judgment, to what extent the unbilled rent receivable applicable
to each specific tenant is collectible. We will review unbilled
rent receivable on a quarterly basis and take into consideration
the tenants payment history, the financial condition of
the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the
tenant operates and economic conditions in the area in which the
property is located. In the event that the collectability of
unbilled rent with respect to any given tenant is in doubt, we
would be required to record an increase in our allowance for
uncollectible accounts or record a direct write-off of the
specific rent receivable, which would have an adverse effect on
our net income for the year in which the reserve is increased or
the direct write-off is recorded and would decrease our total
assets and stockholders equity.
We will record investments in real estate at cost
and we will capitalize improvements and replacements when they
extend the useful life or improve the efficiency of the asset.
We will expense costs of repairs and maintenance as incurred. We
will compute depreciation using the straight-line method over
the estimated useful life of 40 years for buildings and
improvements, five to seven years for equipment and fixtures and
the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term for
tenant improvements and leasehold interests.
We will be required to make subjective
assessments as to the useful lives of our properties for
purposes of determining the amount of depreciation to record on
an annual basis with respect to our investments in real estate.
These assessments will have a direct impact on our net income
because, if we were to shorten the expected useful lives of our
investments in real estate, we would depreciate these
investments over fewer years, resulting in more depreciation
expense and lower net income on an annual basis.
We have adopted SFAS 144, Accounting for
the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which
establishes a single accounting model for the impairment or
disposal of long-lived assets including discontinued operations.
SFAS 144 requires that the operations related to properties that
have been sold or that we intend to sell be presented as
discontinued operations in the statement of operations for all
periods presented, and properties we intend to sell be
designated as held for sale on our balance sheet.
When circumstances such as adverse market
conditions indicate a possible impairment of the value of a
property, we will review the recoverability of the
propertys carrying value. The review of recoverability
will be based on our estimate of the future undiscounted cash
flows, excluding interest charges, expected to result from the
propertys use and eventual disposition. Our forecast of
these cash flows will consider factors such as expected future
operating income, market and other applicable trends and
residual value, as well as the effects of leasing demand,
competition and other factors. If impairment exists due to the
inability to recover the carrying value of a property, an
impairment loss will be recorded to the extent that the carrying
value exceeds the estimated fair value of the property. We will
be required to make subjective assessments as to whether there
are impairments in the values of our investments in real estate.
We will record above-market and below-market
in-place lease values for owned properties based on the present
value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks
associated with the leases acquired) of the
26
We will measure the aggregate value of other
intangible assets acquired based on the difference between
(i) the property valued with existing in-place leases
adjusted to market rental rates and (ii) the property
valued as if vacant. Managements estimates of value are
expected to be made using methods similar to those used by
independent appraisers (e.g., discounted cash flow analysis).
Factors to be considered by management in its analysis include
an estimate of carrying costs during hypothetical expected
lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and
costs to execute similar leases. We will also consider
information obtained about each property as a result of our
pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities
in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible
assets acquired. In estimating carrying costs, management will
also include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating
expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during
the expected lease-up periods, which we expect to primarily
range from six to eighteen months, depending on specific
local market conditions. Management will also estimate costs to
execute similar leases including leasing commissions, legal and
other related expenses to the extent that such costs are not
already incurred in connection with a new lease origination as
part of the transaction.
The total amount of other intangible assets
acquired will be further allocated to in-place lease values and
customer relationship intangible values based on
managements evaluation of the specific characteristics of
each tenants lease and our overall relationship with that
respective tenant. Characteristics to be considered by
management in allocating these values include the nature and
extent of our existing business relationships with the tenant,
growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant,
the tenants credit quality and expectations of lease
renewals (including those existing under the terms of the lease
agreement), among other factors.
We will amortize the value of in-place leases to
expense over the initial term of the respective leases, which we
primarily expect to range from ten to twenty years. The value of
customer relationship intangibles will be amortized to expense
over the initial term and any renewal periods in the respective
leases, but in no event will the amortization period for
intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of the
building. Should a tenant terminate its lease, the unamortized
portion of the in-place lease value and customer relationship
intangibles would be charged to expense.
We will account for our derivative and hedging
activities, if any, using SFAS 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended
by SFAS 137 and SFAS 149, which requires all derivative
instruments to be carried at fair value on the balance sheet.
Derivative instruments designated in a hedge
relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected
future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions,
will be considered cash flow hedges. We will formally document
all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items,
as well as our risk-management objective and strategy for
undertaking each hedge transaction. We will periodically review
the effectiveness of each hedging transaction, which involves
estimating future cash flows. Cash flow hedges will be accounted
for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on
the balance sheet as either an asset or liability, with a
corresponding amount recorded in other comprehensive income
within stockholders equity. Amounts will be reclassified
from other comprehensive income to the income
27
Our accounting policies require that we reflect
in our financial statements an allowance for estimated credit
losses with respect to mortgage loans we have made based upon
our evaluation of known and inherent risks associated with our
private lending assets. While we have not yet made any mortgage
loans and therefore have not experienced any actual losses in
connection with our lending investments, management considers it
prudent, once we have made mortgage loans, to reflect provisions
for loan losses on a portfolio basis based upon our assessment
of general market conditions, our internal risk management
policies and credit risk rating system, industry loss
experience, our assessment of the likelihood of delinquencies or
defaults, and the value of the collateral underlying our
investments. Actual losses, if any, could ultimately differ from
these estimates.
Our financial results generally do not reflect
provisions for current or deferred income taxes. Management
believes that we will operate in a manner that will allow us to
be taxed as a REIT and, as a result, we do not expect to pay
substantial corporate-level income taxes. Many of the
requirements for REIT qualification, however, are highly
technical and complex. If we were to fail to meet these
requirements, we would be subject to federal income tax which
could have a material adverse impact on our results of
operations and amounts available for distributions to our
stockholders.
We intend to apply the intrinsic value method to
account for the issuance of stock options under our 2003 Equity
Incentive Plan in accordance with APB Opinion No. 25,
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees
,
where appropriate. In this regard, it is currently anticipated
that a substantial portion of these options will be granted to
individuals who are our officers and who would qualify as leased
employees under FIN 44,
Accounting for Certain
Transactions involving Stock Compensation, an interpretation of
APB Opinion No. 25
. Accordingly, because the
grants are expected to be at exercise prices that represent fair
value of the stock at date of grant, we do not currently
anticipate that we will record any expense related to the
issuance of these options under the intrinsic value method. If
the actual terms vary from the expected, the impact to our
compensation expense could differ.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital
Resources
We are dependent upon the net proceeds to be
received from this offering to conduct our proposed activities.
The capital required to purchase properties and make mortgage
loans will be obtained from this offering and from any
indebtedness that we may incur in connection with the
acquisition of any properties thereafter. We have been initially
capitalized with $52,000 from the sale of 52,000 shares of
common stock to David Gladstone, our chairman and chief
executive officer. We currently have no commitments to acquire
any property or to make any other material expenditure. For
information concerning the anticipated use of the net proceeds
from this offering, see Use of Proceeds.
Our sources of funds will primarily be the net
proceeds of this offering, operating cash flows and borrowings.
Immediately after this offering (assuming no exercise of the
underwriters over-allotment option), we expect to have
cash resources in excess of $75 million and no
indebtedness. We believe that these cash resources will be
sufficient to satisfy our cash requirements for the foreseeable
future, and we do not anticipate a need to raise additional
funds within the next twelve months.
Any indebtedness we incur will likely be subject
to continuing covenants, and we will likely be required to make
continuing representations and warranties about our company in
connection with such
28
In addition to making investments in accordance
with our investment policies, we will also use our capital
resources to reimburse our Adviser for certain expenses that our
Adviser incurs on our behalf pursuant to the terms of our
advisory agreement. We will reimburse our Adviser for all
expenses incurred by our Adviser for our direct benefit, such as
organizational expenses, offering, legal, accounting, tax
preparation, consulting and related fees. We currently estimate
these expenses will be approximately $1.3 million
(including approximately $1 million of expenses incurred in
connection with this offering) during the first twelve months
following the offering. We estimate that these expenses will be
approximately $300,000 per year after the first twelve months
following the offering.
In addition, we will reimburse our Adviser for
all fees charged by third parties that are directly related to
our business, which may include real estate brokerage fees,
mortgage placement fees, lease-up fees and transaction
structuring fees that will be passed through to us at the cost
to our Adviser. The actual amount that we will pay to our
Adviser will depend largely upon the aggregate costs of the
properties we acquire and aggregate amounts of mortgage loans
that we make, which in turn will depend upon the proceeds of
this offering and the amount of leverage we use in connection
with our activities. Accordingly, the amount of these fees is
not determinable at this time.
We will be required to reimburse our Adviser for
our pro rata share of our Advisers payroll and benefits
expenses on an employee-by-employee basis, based on the
percentage of each employees time devoted to our matters.
The actual amount of payroll and benefits expenses which we will
be required to reimburse our Adviser is not determinable, but we
currently estimate that during our first full year following the
completion of this offering this amount will be approximately
$425,000. This estimate is based on our current expectations
regarding our Advisers payroll and benefits expenses and
the proportion of our Advisers time we believe will be
spent on matters relating to our business. To the extent that
our Advisers payroll and benefits expenses are greater
than we expect or our Adviser allocates a greater percentage of
its time to our business, our actual reimbursement of our
Adviser for our share of its payroll and benefits expenses could
be materially greater than we currently project.
We may also be required to reimburse our Adviser
for our pro rata portion of all other expenses of our Adviser
not reimbursed under the arrangements described above
(overhead expenses), equal to the total overhead
expenses of our Adviser, multiplied by the ratio of hours worked
by our Advisers employees on our projects to the total
hours worked by our Advisers employees. However, we will
only be required to reimburse our Adviser for our portion of its
overhead expenses if the amount of payroll and benefits we
reimburse to our Adviser is less than 2.0% of our average
invested assets for the year. Additionally, we will only be
required to reimburse our Adviser for overhead expenses up to
the point that reimbursed overhead expenses and payroll and
benefits expenses, on a combined basis, equal 2.0% of our
average invested assets for the year. The actual amount of
overhead expenses for which we will be required to reimburse our
Adviser is not determinable, but we currently estimate that
during our first full year following the completion of this
offering this amount will be approximately $275,000. For
additional information regarding the payments to be made to our
Adviser, see Our Adviser Advisory
Agreement Payments to our Adviser under the Advisory
Agreement.
Each of our officers is also an officer or
director of our Adviser. As such, potential conflicts of
interest exist as a result of our relationship with our Adviser.
For additional information regarding these conflicts, see
Conflicts of Interest.
We intend to begin making quarterly distributions
to our stockholders within 120 days after we complete this
offering. In order to qualify as a REIT and to avoid
corporate-level tax on the income we
29
Qualitative Disclosures about Market
Risk
Market risk includes risks that arise from
changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates,
commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that
affect market sensitive instruments. In pursuing our business
plan, we expect that the primary market risk to which we will be
exposed is interest rate risk.
We may be exposed to the effects of interest rate
changes primarily as a result of long-term debt used to maintain
liquidity and fund expansion of our real estate investment
portfolio and operations. Our interest rate risk management
objectives will be to limit the impact of interest rate changes
on earnings and cash flows and to lower overall borrowing costs.
To achieve our objectives, we will borrow primarily at fixed
rates or variable rates with the lowest margins available and,
in some cases, with the ability to convert variable rates to
fixed rates. We may also enter into derivative financial
instruments such as interest rate swaps and caps in order to
mitigate our interest rate risk on a related financial
instrument. We will not enter into derivative or interest rate
transactions for speculative purposes.
In addition to changes in interest rates, the
value of our real estate is subject to fluctuations based on
changes in local and regional economic conditions and changes in
the creditworthiness of lessees, and which may affect our
ability to refinance our debt if necessary.
30
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
Overview
We were formed under the General Corporation Laws
of the State of Maryland on February 14, 2003 with
perpetual existence and primarily for the purpose of investing
in and owning net leased industrial and commercial real property
and selectively making long-term mortgage loans. Our Adviser,
Gladstone Management Corporation, serves as our external adviser
and manages our business. We expect that a large portion of our
tenants and borrowers will consist of small and medium-sized
businesses having significant buyout fund ownership and will be
well capitalized, with equity constituting between 20% and 40%
of their permanent capital. We expect that other tenants and
borrowers will be family-owned businesses that have built
significant equity from paying down the mortgage loans securing
their real estate or through the appreciation in the value of
their real estate. We will seek to enter into triple net leases
having terms of approximately 15 years, with rent increases
built into the leases. Under a triple net lease, the tenant is
required to pay all operating, maintenance and insurance costs
and real estate taxes with respect to the leased property.
Although we have not yet purchased any properties or made any
mortgage loans, we are actively communicating with buyout funds,
real estate brokers and other third parties to locate properties
for potential acquisition or mortgage financing.
We intend to qualify as, and be taxed as, a REIT.
Our executive offices are located at 1750 Tysons Blvd., Fourth
Floor, McLean, Virginia 22102. Our phone number is
(703) 744-1165 and our internet website address will be
www.GladstoneCommercial.com
. The information on our
website is not a part of this prospectus.
OUR OPPORTUNITY
Businesses that are owned by buyout funds and
many family-owned businesses often have substantial amounts of
equity in their real estate. A primary reason for this is that
real estate lenders have been making real estate loans at
relatively low amounts when compared to the value of the real
estate securing the loans. One method for these businesses to
free up the equity in their real estate is by selling their real
estate and simultaneously leasing it back under long term,
triple net leases. Sellers in these sale-leaseback
transactions can then use the freed up cash to repay existing
indebtedness or for growth capital, thus strengthening their
balance sheets and permitting them to lower their overall costs
of capital for growth and expansion. We believe that there are
many businesses in the United States that have a substantial
amount of equity tied up in their real estate. Because of the
experience of our Advisers professionals investing in real
estate-related assets and managing funds that lend to similar
businesses, we believe our Adviser is uniquely positioned to
identify and evaluate these sale-leaseback opportunities and to
negotiate attractive investments for us. We also believe there
are a substantial number of businesses that would not be
interested in a sale-leaseback transaction, but would benefit
from refinancing their current real estate mortgage loans. To
address this need, we will also selectively offer long-term
mortgage loans on competitive terms and conditions.
As noted above, we anticipate that a number of
our potential tenants and borrowers will have significant buyout
fund ownership. Buyout funds are privately held investment funds
that typically acquire, along with existing management,
controlling equity interests in operating businesses for the
purpose of operating such companies with the intention of
generating significant cash flow to cover indebtedness and
providing returns to investors when the company is either sold
or taken public. We believe that companies with significant
buyout fund ownership are likely to be good candidates for net
lease transactions that we intend to offer because:
31
MR. GLADSTONES REAL ESTATE
INVESTING EXPERIENCE
From 1992 until 1997, David Gladstone, our
chairman and chief executive officer, served as a sponsor of two
REITs, Allied Capital Commercial Corporation and Business
Mortgage Investors, Inc. Allied Capital Commercial was a
publicly held commercial mortgage REIT, and Business Mortgage
Investors was a privately held commercial mortgage REIT. Each of
these REITs was managed, from its inception through 1997, by
Allied Capital Advisers, Inc., a publicly held investment
adviser for whom Mr. Gladstone served as chairman and chief
executive officer until 1997. These two REITs co-invested with
one another and therefore had substantially similar investment
portfolios. With respect to individual mortgage loans, Allied
Capital Commercial would provide an average of approximately 75%
of the funding and Business Mortgage Investors would provide an
average of approximately 25% of the funding. As mortgage REITs,
each of these companies had investment strategies that were
different from our triple net leasing strategy. Mortgage REITs
typically produce different returns to investors than triple net
equity REITs like us, and the timing of such returns may be
different than the timing of distributions from triple net
equity REITs. Accordingly, investors should be advised that Mr.
Gladstones experience in managing these mortgage REITs
does not necessarily serve as a benchmark for how he will
perform as a manager of a triple net lease REIT.
Gladstone Commercial is the first real estate
program sponsored by Mr. Gladstone or any of his affiliates
since his departure from the Allied Capital companies in 1997.
The information contained in this section shows summary
information concerning the two mortgage REITs described above.
The purpose of the information is to enable investors to further
evaluate the experience of our sponsor in real estate programs.
The following summary is intended to briefly summarize the
objectives and performance of the prior real estate programs
sponsored by Mr. Gladstone and to disclose any material
adverse business developments affecting those programs.
The total amount of funds Allied Capital
Commercial raised from investors was approximately
$178 million after customary underwriters discount of
7% of the gross offering proceeds. Allied Capital Commercial had
approximately 16,800 beneficial stockholders at the time
that the company was merged into Allied Capital Corporation in
1997. The assets on the books of Allied Capital Commercial at
the time it was merged into Allied Capital was approximately
$370 million.
The total amount of funds raised from investors
by Business Mortgage Investors was approximately $30 million
after offering costs and approximately ten investors, including
himself, held approximately 99% of the economic interests in the
REIT. The maximum amount of invested assets for Business
Mortgage Investors was approximately $60 million.
The capital raised for these REITs was raised at
a time when economic conditions were substantially different
than they are today. Due to the substantially different nature
of an investment in our common stock, there can be no assurance
that Mr. Gladstone will be as successful at investing this
capital as he was with the REITs described above.
As of December 31, 1996 the aggregate
invested assets of the two REITs totaled approximately
$400 million. Of this amount approximately 39% was invested
in mortgage loans secured by hotels, approximately 25% was
invested in loans secured by office buildings, approximately 12%
was invested in loans secured by retail operations and
approximately 6% was invested in loans secured by warehouses. As
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As noted above, each of these REITs was managed
by Allied Capital Advisers, which earned advisory and management
fees that approximated 2.5% of the REITs invested assets
and 0.5% of the REITs interim investments, cash and cash
equivalents.
The prior programs described above were
occasionally adversely affected by the cyclical nature of the
real estate market. We expect that our business will be affected
by similar conditions. Accordingly no assurance can be made that
Gladstone Commercial or any other program sponsored by
Mr. Gladstone or his affiliates will ultimately be
successful in meeting their investment objectives. For
additional information regarding the risks relating to Gladstone
Commercial, see the Risk Factors section of this
prospectus.
OUR BUSINESS STRATEGY
Our principal investment objectives are to
generate income for our stockholders in the form of quarterly
cash distributions that grow over time and to increase the value
of our common stock. Our primary strategy to achieve our
investment objectives is to utilize the substantial knowledge
and experience of our Advisers professionals in financing
small and medium-sized businesses so as to own a diversified
portfolio of leased commercial and industrial real estate and to
occasionally make industrial and commercial mortgage loans that
we believe will generate stable cash flow and increase in value.
To achieve our investment objectives, we intend to:
There can be no assurance that all or any of
these strategies will be effective or that we will achieve our
investment objectives.
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OUR STRUCTURE
The following diagram depicts our ownership
structure upon completion of this offering. Our Operating
Partnership will own our real estate investments directly or
indirectly, in some cases through special purpose entities that
we may create in connection with the acquisition of real
property. The ownership percentages in the table below exclude
any shares that Mr. Gladstone may purchase upon the
exercise of stock options and assume no exercise of the
underwriters over-allotment option.
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INVESTMENT POLICIES AND POLICIES WITH RESPECT
TO CERTAIN ACTIVITIES
Types of Investments
Once we have invested the net proceeds of this
offering, we intend that substantially all of our investments
will be income-producing real property or mortgage loans. At
this time, we are unable to estimate how much of our portfolio
will be invested in real property and how much will be invested
in mortgage loans. We expect that the vast majority of our
investments will be structured as net leases, but if a net lease
would have an adverse impact on a potential tenant, or would
otherwise be inappropriate for us, we may structure our
investment as a mortgage loan. We anticipate that acquired
property will be either improved or, if under development, near
completion. Investments will not be restricted as to
geographical areas, but we expect that all of our investments in
real estate will be made within the United States. Prospective
investors will not be afforded the opportunity to evaluate the
economic merits of our investments or the terms of any
dispositions of properties. See Risk Factors
Our success will depend on the performance of our Adviser and if
our Adviser makes inadvisable investment or management
decisions, our operations could be materially adversely
impacted.
We anticipate that we will make substantially all
of our investments through our Operating Partnership. Our
Operating Partnership may acquire interests in real property or
mortgage loans in exchange for the issuance of limited
partnership units, for cash or through a combination of both.
Units issued by our Operating Partnership will be redeemable for
cash or, at our election, shares of our common stock on a
one-for-one basis at any time after the first anniversary of the
completion of this offering. However, we may in the future also
conduct some of our business and hold some of our interests in
real properties or mortgage loans through one or more wholly
owned subsidiaries, each classified as a qualified REIT
subsidiary. See Federal Income Tax Consequences of
our Status as a REITRequirements for Qualification.
We anticipate that a majority of the properties
we purchase will be acquired from companies that will
simultaneously lease the properties back from us. These
sale-leaseback transactions will provide the tenants with an
alternative to other financing sources such as corporate
borrowing, mortgaging real property, or selling securities. We
anticipate that some of our sale-leaseback transactions will be
in conjunction with acquisitions, recapitalizations or other
corporate transactions affecting our tenants. We may act as one
of several sources of financing for these transactions by
purchasing one or more properties from the tenant and by net
leasing it to the tenant or its successor in interest. For a
discussion of the risks associated with leasing property to
leveraged tenants, see Risk Factors Highly
leveraged tenants or borrowers may be unable to pay rent or make
mortgage payments, which could adversely affect our cash
available to make distributions to our stockholders.
In some circumstances, we may grant a tenant an
option to purchase the property that the tenant leases from us.
In these cases, we would generally seek to fix the option
purchase price at the greater of our purchase price for the
property and the fair market value of the property at the time
the option is exercised.
We intend to own primarily single-tenant
commercial and industrial real property, either existing or
under construction. Generally, we will lease properties to
tenants that our Adviser deems creditworthy under leases that
will be full recourse obligations of our tenants or their
affiliates. In most cases, the leases will be triple net
leases that require the tenant to pay all the operating
costs, costs of maintenance, insurance and real estate taxes on
the property. We will seek to obtain lease terms of
approximately 15 years, with rent increases built into the
leases. All of our leases will be approved by our Advisers
investment committee and our board of directors. Our board of
directors has adopted a policy that we will not make an
investment in any individual property with a cost in excess of
20% of our total assets at the
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Although we expect such investments to be made
sparingly, we may elect to structure our investment in a
particular property as a mortgage loan secured by the property
in situations where a standard net lease transaction would have
an adverse impact on the seller of a property or would otherwise
be inappropriate for us. We anticipate that most of our lending
transactions will be loans secured by industrial or commercial
property. Our Adviser will attempt to structure mortgage loans
in a manner that would provide us with an economic return
similar to that which we could expect to receive had the
investment been structured as a net lease transaction. All of
our mortgage loans will be approved by our Advisers
investment committee and by our board of directors.
To the extent that we invest in mortgage loans,
we will generally originate those loans. However, we may also
purchase mortgage loans from other lenders if consistent with
our investment objectives. Our Adviser will service the mortgage
loans in our portfolio by collecting monthly principal and
interest payments on our behalf. From time to time, we may sell
mortgage loans that we hold to third parties; however, we do not
intend to engage in warehousing of mortgage loans.
Underwriting Criteria and Due Diligence
Process
Revenue Recognition
Investments in Real Estate
Purchase Price Allocation
Accounting for Derivative Financial
Investments and Hedging Activities
Provision for Loan Losses
Income Taxes
Stock Based Compensation
we typically would expect them to be well
capitalized, with equity constituting between 20% and 40% of
their permanent capital, and therefore more likely to have a
strong credit profile than companies without a significant
equity investor;
our officers and the officers of our Adviser have
significant experience in making loans to portfolio companies of
buyout funds and therefore understand the dynamics associated
with these companies; and
buyout funds typically own investments in a
number of companies and our officers have numerous relationships
within the buyout fund industry. Accordingly, we anticipate that
buyout funds with whom our officers have existing relationships,
or other buyout funds with whom we conduct business in the
future, could represent a significant source of potential
transactions for us.
acquire properties at prices our Adviser believes
are favorable;
lease industrial and commercial properties or
selectively extend mortgage loans to creditworthy businesses;
use non-recourse borrowing to maximize the return
to our stockholders while limiting our loss exposure on any
property to the amount of equity invested in the property;
increase the equity value in our real estate
through regular mortgage principal payments;
obtain equity interests in certain tenants or
borrowers;
participate in joint ventures that will permit us
to own interests in large properties without restricting the
diversity of our portfolio; and
sell real estate assets from time to time at
favorable prices.
Overview
Property Acquisitions and Net
Leasing
Investments in mortgage loans
Underwriting of the Tenant or Borrower |
We consider underwriting the tenant for the property (or the borrower of a mortgage loan) to be the most important aspect of making an investment. Evaluating the creditworthiness of the tenant or borrower and its ability to generate sufficient cash flow to make payments to us pursuant to the lease or the mortgage loan is the most important aspect of our underwriting procedures. The following is a list of criteria that our Adviser will consider when underwriting leases and mortgage loans on our behalf (all criteria may not be present for each lease or mortgage loan that we make):
| property that is a necessary part of the tenants operations; | |
| tenants or borrowers with annual revenue of $25 to $500 million or more; | |
| property acquisition cost or value between $3 million and $15 million; | |
| tenants or borrowers with demonstrated profitability and cash flow or that plan to achieve profitability consistent with our underwriting criteria; | |
| tenants or borrowers with earnings between 2 and 3.5 times lease payments or greater; | |
| tenants or borrowers with a risk rating on our ten-point risk rating scale (described below) of at least 4, which approximates a B- credit rating from national credit ratings agencies; | |
| triple net lease structures in which the tenant will be responsible for the maintenance, insurance, taxes, and other operating costs on the property; | |
| leases with annual rent increases, such as cost of living adjustments; | |
| tenants with bank lending relationships in place and that are on good terms with their lenders; | |
| tenants or borrowers that have significant buyout fund ownership; | |
| property that has had a Member Appraisal Institute, or MAI, appraisal that is not substantially below our purchase price; and | |
| property that has been screened for alternative uses. |
In analyzing potential acquisitions of properties, our Adviser will review all aspects of the potential transaction, including tenant and real estate fundamentals, to determine whether a potential acquisition and
36
| Tenant Evaluation . Our Adviser will evaluate each potential tenant for its creditworthiness, considering factors such as management experience, industry position and fundamentals, operating history and capital structure. Whether or not a prospective tenant is creditworthy will be determined by our Adviser. A prospective tenant that is creditworthy does not necessarily mean that we will consider the tenants property to be investment grade. Our Adviser will seek tenants that are small or medium-sized businesses, that are owned by buyout funds and are well capitalized, with equity constituting between 20% and 40% of their permanent capital. We believe that there is currently a shortage of capital available for tenants with these types of credit profiles. Our Advisers investment professionals, including Messrs. Gladstone, Brubaker and Stelljes, have substantial experience in locating and financing these types of companies. By leasing properties to these tenants, we believe that we will generally be able to charge rent that is higher than the rent charged to tenants with unleveraged balance sheets and recognized credit, thereby enhancing current return from these properties as compared with properties leased to companies whose credit potential has already been recognized by the market. Furthermore, if a tenants credit does improve, the value of our lease or investment will likely increase (if all other factors affecting value remain unchanged). | |
| Leases with Increasing Rent . Our Adviser will seek to include a clause in each lease that provides for increases in rent over the term of the lease. These increases will be fixed or will be tied generally to increases in indices such as the consumer price index. | |
| Diversification . Our Adviser will attempt to diversify our portfolio to avoid dependence on any one particular tenant, facility type, geographic location or tenant industry. By diversifying our portfolio, our Adviser intends to reduce the adverse effect on our portfolio of a single under-performing investment or a downturn in any particular industry or geographic region. | |
| Property Valuation . The business prospects for the tenant and the financial strength of the tenant will be an important aspect of the evaluation of any sale and leaseback of property, particularly a property that is specifically suited to the needs of the tenant. We will generally require monthly unaudited and annual audited financial statements of the tenant in order to continuously monitor performance of the property, and evaluate the financial capability of the tenant and its ability to perform the terms of the purchase and leaseback agreement. Where appropriate, we will also examine the available operating results of prospective investment properties to determine whether or not projected rental levels are likely to be met. We will then compute the value of the property based on historical and projected operating results and will evaluate the potential for value appreciation in such property. | |
| Properties Important to Tenant Operations . Our Adviser will generally seek to acquire investment properties that are essential or important to the ongoing operations of the prospective tenant. We believe that these investment properties provide better protection in the event a tenant becomes bankrupt, since leases on properties essential or important to the operations of a bankrupt tenant are generally less likely to be rejected in the bankruptcy or otherwise terminated. | |
| Lease Provisions that Enhance and Protect Value . When appropriate, our Adviser will attempt to include provisions in our leases that require our consent to specified tenant activity or require the tenant to satisfy specific operating tests. These provisions may include, for example, operational or financial covenants of the tenant, as well as indemnification of us by the tenant against environmental and other contingent liabilities. We believe that these provisions will protect our investments from changes in the operating and financial characteristics of a tenant that may impact its ability to satisfy its obligations to us or that could reduce the value of our properties. We will also seek covenants requiring tenants to receive our consent prior to any change in control of the tenant. |
37
| Credit Enhancement . Our Adviser may also seek to enhance the likelihood of a tenants lease obligations being satisfied through a cross-default with other tenant obligations, a letter of credit or a guaranty of lease obligations from each tenants corporate parent. We believe that this credit enhancement will provide us with additional financial security. In evaluating a possible investment, we believe that the creditworthiness of a prospective tenant generally will be a more significant factor than the unleased value of the property itself. While our Adviser will select tenants it believes to be creditworthy, tenants will not be required to meet any minimum rating established by an independent credit rating agency. Our Advisers standards for determining whether a particular tenant is creditworthy will vary in accordance with a variety of factors relating to specific prospective tenants. The creditworthiness of a tenant will be determined on a tenant by tenant and case by case basis. Therefore, general standards for creditworthiness cannot be applied. |
Our Adviser will use a variety of other evaluation and negotiating strategies in connection with its prospective acquisitions. These strategies will include attempting to obtain equity enhancements, such as warrants to purchase stock of the tenant or its parent company. We believe that, if the value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the warrant, these equity enhancements will help us to achieve our goal of increasing funds available for distribution to our stockholders. We may also negotiate for success fees that would be payable to us in the event of a change in control of the tenant or its parent company as another way of enhancing our return on a particular investment.
Each property that we propose to purchase will be appraised by an independent appraiser. These appraisals may take into consideration, among other things, the terms and conditions of the particular lease transaction, the quality of the tenants credit and the conditions of the credit markets at the time the lease transaction is negotiated. The appraised value may be greater than the construction cost or the replacement cost of a property, and the actual sale price of a property, if sold by us, may be greater or less than its appraised value.
Risk Rating System |
In evaluating each transaction that it considers for investment, our Adviser will assign a risk rating under our ten-point risk rating scale. Our risk rating system is designed to assess qualitative and quantitative risks associated with our prospective tenants and borrowers. We have developed our risk rating system to approximate the risk rating systems of major credit ratings agencies. While we seek to mirror the systems of these credit ratings agencies, we cannot assure you that our risk rating system provides the same risk rating for a particular tenant or borrower as a credit ratings agency would. The following chart is an estimate of the relationship of our risk rating system to the designations used by two credit ratings agencies to rate the risk of public debt securities of major companies. Because we have established our system to rate the risk associated with mortgage loans and real estate leases to private companies that are unrated by any credit ratings agency, we cannot assure you that the correlation between our system and the credit ratings set out below is accurate.
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First
Second
Our System
Ratings Agency
Ratings Agency
Description (a)
Baa2
BBB
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 4% and the expected loss is 1% or less
Baa3
BBB
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 5% and the expected loss is 1% to 2%
Ba1
BB+
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 10% and the expected loss is 2% to 3%
Ba2
BB
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 16% and the expected loss is 3% to 4%
Ba3
BB
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 17.8% and the expected loss is 4% to 5%
B1
B+
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 22% and the expected loss is 5% to 6.5%
B2
B
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 25% and the expected loss is 6.5% to 8%
B3
B
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 27% and the expected loss is 8% to 10%
Caa1
CCC+
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 30% and the expected loss is 10% to 13.3%
Caa2
CCC
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 35% and the expected loss is 13.3% to 16.7%
Caa3
CC
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 65% and the expected loss is 16.7% to 20%
N/a
D
Probability of default during the next ten years
is 85%, or there is a payment default, and the expected loss is
greater than 20%
(a) | the default rates set forth above assume a ten year lease or mortgage loan. If the particular investment has a term other than ten years, the probability of default is adjusted to reflect the reduced risk associated with a shorter term or the increased risk associated with a longer term. |
As stated above, we generally anticipate entering into transactions that have a risk rating of at least 4 based on the above scale. Once we have entered into a transaction, we will periodically re-evaluate the risk rating of the investment for purposes of determining whether we should increase our reserves for loan losses or allowance for uncollectible rent. Our board of directors may alter our risk rating system from time to time.
Underwriting of the Real Estate and Due Diligence Process |
In addition to underwriting the tenant or borrower, we will also underwrite the real estate owned or pledged by the tenant or borrower. On our behalf, our Adviser will perform a due diligence review with respect to each property, such as an evaluation of the physical condition of a property and an environmental site assessment, in an attempt to determine potential environmental liabilities associated with a property prior to its acquisition, although there can be no assurance that hazardous substances or wastes (as defined by present or future federal or state laws or regulations) will not be discovered on the property after we acquire it. See Risk Factors Potential liability for environmental matters could adversely affect our financial condition.
Our Adviser will also review the structural soundness of the improvements on the property and may engage a structural engineer to review all aspects of the structures in order to determine the longevity of each building on the property. This review would also include the components of each building, such as the roof, the electrical wiring, the heating and air-conditioning system, the plumbing and various other aspects such as compliance with state and federal building codes.
39
Our Adviser will also physically inspect the real estate and surrounding real estate in order to determine the value of the real estate. All of our Advisers due diligence will be aimed at arriving at a valuation of the real estate if it was not rented to the tenant we are considering. The real estate valuations our Adviser performs will consider one or more of the following items, but may not consider all of them:
| The comparable value of similar real estate in the same general area of the prospective property. In this regard, comparable property is hard to define since each piece of real estate has its own distinct characteristics. But to the extent possible, comparable property in the area that has sold or is for sale will be used to determine if the price being paid for the property is reasonable. The question of comparable properties sale prices is particularly relevant if a property might be sold at a later date. | |
| The comparable real estate rental rates for similar properties in the same area of the prospective property. | |
| Alternative uses for the property in order to determine if there is another use for the property that would give it higher value. | |
| The cost of replacing the property if it were to be sold for the replacement value. | |
| The assessed value as determined by the local real estate taxing authority. |
In addition, our Adviser will supplement its valuation with a real estate appraisal in connection with each investment that we consider. When appropriate, our Adviser may engage experts to undertake some or all of the due diligence efforts described above.
Additional Investment Considerations
Terms of Mortgage Loans |
Some of the mortgage loans that we make, purchase or otherwise acquire, in addition to providing for base interest at a fixed or variable rate, may allow us to participate in the economic benefits of any increase in the value of the property securing repayment of the loan as though we were an equity owner of a portion of the property. In addition, it is possible that participation may take other forms where our Adviser deems participation available or otherwise appropriate, provided that such participation does not jeopardize our status as a REIT. The form and extent of our participation, if any, will vary with each transaction depending on factors such as credit support provided by the borrower, the interest rate on our mortgage loans and the anticipated and actual cash flow from the underlying real property. Our mortgage loans may include first mortgage loans, leasehold mortgage loans and conventional mortgage loans without equity enhancements.
Except as described below, any mortgage loan in our portfolio will be secured by a first priority mortgage or deed of trust on industrial or commercial property as well as a security interest in personal or mixed property connected with the real property. The mortgage loan generally will be secured by property with a demonstrable income-producing potential. In determining whether to make a mortgage loan, our Adviser will analyze relevant property and financial factors which may include the condition and use of the subject property, its income-producing capacity and the quality, experience and creditworthiness of the borrower.
In the event that we make or invest in a mortgage loan, we will generally require a mortgagees title insurance policy or commitment as to the lien priority of a mortgage or the condition of title in connection with each mortgage loan. We will obtain an independent appraisal for underlying real property, although our Adviser generally will rely on its own independent analysis and not exclusively on an appraisal in determining whether or not to make or invest in a particular mortgage loan. We believe that appraisals are merely estimates of value and should not be relied upon exclusively as measures of true worth or realizable value. In making mortgage loans that, when combined with existing loans that are on a parity with or senior to our mortgage loan, exceed 85% of the appraised value of any underlying real property, our Adviser will consider additional underwriting criteria such as the net worth of the borrower, the borrowers credit rating, if any, the anticipated cash flow of the borrower, any additional collateral or other credit
40
From time to time, we may purchase mortgage loans, including loans being sold at a discount, from banks and other financial institutions if the subject property otherwise satisfies our underwriting criteria. We may also make loans to our wholly-owned subsidiaries, if any, as our Adviser deems appropriate, and we may guarantee the obligations of these subsidiaries.
Other Investments |
We may invest up to an aggregate of 10% of our net equity in unimproved or non-income-producing real property and in equity interests. We anticipate that equity interests will not exceed 5% of our net equity in the aggregate, and we will not make any such investment in equity interests if such investment would adversely affect our qualification as a REIT. Equity interests are defined generally to mean stock, warrants or other rights to purchase the stock of, or other equity interests in, a tenant of a property, an entity to which we lend money or a parent or controlling person of a borrower or tenant, and we will not acquire equity interests in any entity other than in connection with a lease or mortgage loan transaction. To the extent that we hold equity interests in tenants or borrowers, we anticipate that they will generally be restricted securities as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933. Under this rule, we may be prohibited from reselling the equity securities without limitation until we have fully paid for and held the securities for two years. The issuer of equity interests in which we invest may never register these interests under the federal securities laws, since the decision of an issuer to register its securities may depend on the success of its operations.
To the extent we receive warrants or other rights to purchase stock in connection with our investments in properties, we will exercise these rights only if the value of the underlying stock at the time the rights are exercised exceeds the exercise price of the right. Payment of the exercise price would not be deemed an investment that would be subject to the above described limitations. We may borrow funds to pay the exercise price on warrants or other rights or may pay the exercise price from funds held for working capital and then repay the loan or replenish the working capital upon the sale of the securities or interests purchased. We will not pay distributions to stockholders out of the proceeds of the sale of any equity interests until any funds borrowed to purchase the equity interests have been fully repaid. We will invest in equity interests which our Adviser believes will appreciate in value. There can be no assurance, however, that this expectation will be realized.
We will generally invest in unimproved or non-income-producing property only when our Adviser believes that such property will appreciate in value or will increase the value of an adjoining or neighboring property that we own. There can be no assurance that these expectations will be realized.
We might use taxable REIT subsidiaries to acquire or hold property, including equity interests, that are not REIT-qualified assets. Taxable REIT subsidiaries are taxed as ordinary corporations. Taxes paid by any taxable REIT subsidiary will reduce cash available to us for payment of distributions to our stockholders.
Temporary Investments |
There can be no assurance as to when our capital may be fully invested in real properties and mortgage loans. Pending investment in real properties or mortgage loans, we intend to invest the balance of the proceeds of this offering in permitted temporary investments, which include short-term U.S. Government securities, bank certificates of deposit and other short-term liquid investments. We also may invest in securities that qualify as real estate assets and produce qualifying income under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.
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We may purchase interests in mortgage-backed securities, including mortgage pass-through certificates, collateralized mortgage obligations and other securities representing interests in, or obligations backed by, pools of mortgage loans. Mortgage-backed securities represent interests in cash flows from mortgage loans or interests in other mortgage-backed securities. The securities are often sold in tranches representing at least two rated securities which are usually AAA and A, and at least one unrated security. We may purchase either rated or unrated securities. To the extent we purchase mortgage-backed securities, we will use the same investment guidelines as if we were purchasing the mortgage loans or real estate underlying these securities. That is, we will seek to generate net income for distribution to our stockholders from the spread between the interest income on mortgage-backed securities and the costs of borrowing to finance the acquisition of these securities.
If at any time the character of our investments would cause us to be deemed an investment company for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940, we will take the necessary action to ensure that we are not deemed to be an investment company. Our Adviser will continually review our investment activity and the composition of our portfolio to ensure that we do not come within the application of the Investment Company Act.
Our working capital and other reserves will be invested in permitted temporary investments. Our Adviser will evaluate the relative risks and rates of return, our cash needs and other appropriate considerations when making short-term investments on our behalf. The rates of return of permitted temporary investments may be less than or greater than would be obtainable from real estate investments.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries
While we intend to conduct substantially all of our activities through our Operating Partnership, we may also form one or more wholly-owned qualified REIT subsidiaries, or QRSs, to purchase properties. These QRSs would be formed for the sole purpose of acquiring a specific property or properties located in one or more states and would have organizational documents:
| that are substantially similar in all relevant ways to our organizational documents; | |
| that comply with all applicable state securities laws and regulations; and | |
| that comply with the applicable terms and conditions set forth in this prospectus. |
Joint Ventures
We may enter into joint ventures, partnerships and other mutual arrangements with real estate developers, property owners and others for the purpose of obtaining an equity interest in a property in accordance with our investment policies. Many REITs have used joint ventures as sources of capital during periods where debt or equity capital was either unavailable or not available on favorable terms. Joint venture investments could permit us to own interests in large properties without unduly restricting the diversity of our portfolio. We will not enter into a joint venture to make an investment that we would not otherwise be permitted to make on our own. We expect that in any joint venture the cost of structuring joint investments would be shared ratably by us and the other participating investors.
Use of Leverage
Non-recourse financing |
Our strategy is to use borrowings as a financing mechanism in amounts that we believe will maximize the return to our stockholders. We generally expect to enter into borrowing arrangements directly or indirectly through our Operating Partnership. We will seek to structure all borrowings as non-recourse loans. The use of non-recourse financing allows us to limit our exposure to the amount of equity invested in the properties pledged as collateral for our borrowings. Non-recourse financing generally restricts a lenders claim on the assets of the borrower and, as a result, the lender generally may look only to the property securing the debt for satisfaction of the debt. We believe that this financing strategy, to the extent
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We believe that, by operating on a leveraged basis, we will have more funds available and, therefore, will make more investments than would otherwise be possible. We believe that this will result in a more diversified portfolio. Our Adviser will use its best efforts to obtain financing on the most favorable terms available to us.
We anticipate that prospective lenders may also seek to include in loans to us provisions whereby the termination or replacement of our Adviser would result in an event of default or an event requiring the immediate repayment of the full outstanding balance of the loan. We will generally seek to avoid the inclusion of these provisions and will attempt to negotiate loan terms that allow us to replace or terminate our Adviser if the action is approved by our board of directors. The replacement or termination of our Adviser may, however, require the prior consent of a lender.
We may refinance properties during the term of a loan when, in the opinion of our Adviser, a decline in interest rates makes it advisable to prepay an existing mortgage loan, when an existing mortgage loan matures or if an attractive investment becomes available and the proceeds from the refinancing can be used to make such investment. The benefits of the refinancing may include an increase in cash flow resulting from reduced debt service requirements, an increase in distributions to stockholders from proceeds of the refinancing, if any, or an increase in property ownership if some refinancing proceeds are reinvested in real estate.
Securitization |
In the future we may use securitization as an additional method of borrowing. In a securitization, our Operating Partnership would issue one or more series of mortgage notes secured by real estate assets and related tenant leases or mortgage loans. We would deposit the collateralized mortgage notes to a single-purpose limited liability entity, which would issue one or more layers, or tranches, of investment certificates. We would seek to have some or all of the tranches of investment certificates rated by nationally recognized securities ratings agencies and would offer and sell the investment certificates, primarily to institutional investors. The funds received from the sale of investment certificates would be remitted back to our Operating Partnership to be used to acquire additional properties, make additional mortgage loans or to repay existing debt. This technique has been used by many REITs to gain substantial leverage at attractive rates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to utilize this financing technique in the future.
Other Investment Policies
Working Capital Reserves |
We may establish a working capital reserve in an amount equal to one percent of the gross offering proceeds, which reserve we anticipate to be sufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements. Our liquidity could be affected adversely by unanticipated costs, greater-than-anticipated operating expenses or cash shortfalls in funding our distributions. To the extent that the working capital reserve is insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, additional funds may be produced from cash generated from operations or through short-term borrowings. In addition, subject to limitations described in this prospectus, we may incur indebtedness in connection with:
| the acquisition of any property; | |
| the refinancing of the debt upon any property; or | |
| the leveraging of any previously unleveraged property. |
43
For additional information regarding our borrowing strategy, see Investment Policies and Policies with Respect to Certain Activities Additional Investment Considerations Use of Leverage.
Holding Period For and Sale of Investments; Reinvestment of Sale Proceeds |
We intend to hold each property we acquire for an extended period. However, circumstances might arise which could result in the early sale of some properties. We may sell a property before the end of its expected holding period if in the judgment of our Adviser the sale of the property is in the best interest of our stockholders.
The determination of whether a particular property should be sold or otherwise disposed of will be made after consideration of all relevant factors, including prevailing economic conditions, with a view to achieving maximum capital appreciation. No assurance can be given that the foregoing objective will be realized. The selling price of a property which is subject to a net lease will be determined in large part by the amount of rent payable under the lease and the creditworthiness of the tenant. If a tenant has a repurchase option at a formula price, we may be limited in realizing any appreciation. In connection with our sales of properties we may lend the purchaser all or a portion of the purchase price. In these instances, our taxable income may exceed the cash received in the sale, which could cause us to delay required distributions to our stockholders. See Federal Income Tax Consequences of our Status as a REIT Distribution Requirements.
The terms of any sale will be dictated by custom in the area in which the property being sold is located and the then-prevailing economic conditions. A decision to provide financing to any purchaser would be made only after an investigation into and consideration of the same factors regarding the purchaser, such as creditworthiness and likelihood of future financial stability, as are undertaken when we consider a net lease or mortgage loan transaction.
We may continually reinvest the proceeds of property sales in investments that either we or our Adviser believe will satisfy our investment policies.
Investment Limitations |
There are numerous limitations on the manner in which we may invest our funds. We have adopted a policy that we will not:
| invest in real property owned by our Adviser, any of its affiliates or any business in which our Adviser or any of its affiliates have invested; | |
| invest in commodities or commodity futures contracts, with this limitation not being applicable to futures contracts when used solely for the purpose of hedging in connection with our ordinary business of investing in properties and making mortgage loans; | |
| invest in contracts for the sale of real estate unless the contract is in recordable form and is appropriately recorded in the chain of title; | |
| engage in any short sale or borrowing that results in a debt to equity ratio greater than two-to-one; | |
| make investments in unimproved property or indebtedness secured by a deed of trust or mortgage loans on unimproved property in excess of 10% of our total assets. Unimproved real property means property which has the following three characteristics: |
| the property was not acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income; | |
| no development or construction is in process on the property; and | |
| no development or construction on the property is planned in good faith to commence on the property within one year of acquisition; |
| issue equity securities on a deferred payment basis or other similar arrangement except as set out in our equity incentive plans; |
44
| issue debt securities in the absence of adequate cash flow to cover debt service; | |
| issue redeemable securities as defined in Section 2(a)(32) of the Investment Company Act of 1940; | |
| grant warrants or options to purchase shares of our stock to our Adviser or its affiliates, except pursuant to our equity incentive plans; | |
| engage in trading, as compared with investment activities, or engage in the business of underwriting, or the agency distribution of, securities issued by other persons; | |
| invest more than 5% of the value of our assets in the securities of any one issuer if the investment would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT; | |
| invest in securities representing more than 10% of the outstanding securities (by vote or value) of any one issuer if the investment would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT; | |
| acquire securities in any company holding investments or engaging in activities prohibited in the foregoing clauses; or | |
| make or invest in mortgage loans that are subordinate to any mortgage or equity interest of any of our affiliates. |
Conflict of Interest Policy
We have adopted policies to reduce potential conflicts of interest. In addition, our directors are subject to certain provisions of Maryland law that are designed to minimize conflicts. However, we cannot assure you that these policies or provisions of law will reduce or eliminate the influence of these conflicts.
We have adopted a policy that, without the approval of a majority of our disinterested directors, we will not:
| acquire from or sell to any of our officers, directors or employees, or any entity in which any of our officers, directors or employees has an interest of more than 5%, any assets or other property; | |
| borrow from any of our directors, officers or employees, or any entity in which any of our officers, directors or employees has an interest of more than 5%; or | |
| engage in any other transaction with any of our directors, officers or employees, or any entity in which any of our directors, officers or employees has an interest of more than 5%. |
Consistent with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we will not extend credit, or arrange for the extension of credit, to any of our directors and officers.
Under Maryland law, a contract or other transaction between us and one of our directors or any other entity in which one of our directors is also a director or has a material financial interest is not void or voidable solely on the grounds of the common directorship or interest, the fact that the director was present at the meeting at which the contract or transaction was approved or the fact that the directors vote was counted in favor of the contract or transaction if:
| the fact of the common directorship or interest is disclosed to our board of directors or a committee of our board, and our board or the committee authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors not interested in the contract or transaction, even if the disinterested directors do not constitute a quorum of the board or committee; | |
| the fact of the common directorship or interest is disclosed to our stockholders entitled to vote on the contract or transaction, and the contract or transaction is approved by a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the matter, other than votes of shares owned of record or beneficially by the interested director, corporation, firm or other entity; or | |
| the contract or transaction is fair and reasonable to us. |
45
Our policy also prohibits us from purchasing any property owned by or co-investing with our Adviser, any of its affiliates or any business in which our Adviser or any of its affiliates have invested. If we decide to change this policy on co-investments with our Adviser or its affiliates, we will seek approval of this decision from our stockholders.
Future Revisions in Policies and Strategies
Our independent directors will review our
investment policies at least annually to determine that the
policies we are following are in the best interest of our
stockholders. The methods of implementing our investment
policies also may vary as new investment techniques are
developed. The methods of implementing our investment
procedures, objectives and policies, except as otherwise
provided in our bylaws or articles of incorporation, may be
altered by a majority of our directors (including a majority of
our independent directors) without the approval of our
stockholders, to the extent that our board of directors
determines that such modification is in the best interest of the
stockholders. Among other factors, developments in the market
which affect the policies and strategies mentioned in this
prospectus or which change our assessment of the market may
cause our board of directors to revise our investment policies
and strategies.
Legal Proceedings
We are not currently subject to any material
legal proceeding, nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal
proceeding threatened against us.
46
MANAGEMENT
Our business and affairs are managed under the
direction of our board of directors. Our board has retained our
Adviser to manage our day-to-day operations and the acquisition
and disposition of investments, subject to our boards
oversight. We currently have two directors and prior to
completion of this offering, we intend to expand the size of the
board of directors to seven.
Our board of directors elects our officers, who
serve at the discretion of our board of directors. The address
of each of our executive officers and directors is c/o Gladstone
Commercial Corporation, 1750 Tysons Blvd., Fourth Floor, McLean,
Virginia 22102.
Our Directors and Executive Officers
Our directors and executive officers and their
positions are as follows:
The following is a summary of certain
biographical information concerning our directors and executive
officers, many of whom also serve roles as directors and
executive officers of our Adviser, and the principals of our
Adviser:
David Gladstone.
Mr. Gladstone is our founder and has served as our chief
executive officer and chairman of our board of directors since
our inception. Mr. Gladstone is also the founder of our
Adviser and has served as chief executive officer and chairman
of the board of directors of our Adviser since its inception.
Mr. Gladstone also founded and serves as the chief
executive officer and chairman of the board of directors of our
affiliate Gladstone Capital Corporation (NASDAQ: GLAD). Prior to
founding Gladstone Capital, Mr. Gladstone served as either
chairman or vice chairman of the board of directors of American
Capital Strategies (NASDAQ: ACAS), a publicly traded leveraged
buyout fund and mezzanine debt finance company, from
June 1997 to August 2001. From 1974 to
February 1997, Mr. Gladstone held various positions,
including chairman and chief executive officer, with Allied
Capital Corporation (NYSE: ALD), Allied Capital Corporation
II, Allied Capital Lending Corporation and Allied Capital
Advisers, Inc., a registered investment adviser that managed the
Allied companies. The Allied companies were the largest group of
publicly-traded mezzanine debt funds in the United States and
were managers of two private venture capital limited
partnerships. From 1991 to 1997, Mr. Gladstone served as
either
47
Terry Lee Brubaker.
Mr. Brubaker has served as our president, secretary, chief
operating officer and a director since our inception.
Mr. Brubaker has also served as president and a director of
our Adviser since its inception. Mr. Brubaker has also served as
the president and chief operating officer and a director of
Gladstone Capital since May 2001. In March 1999,
Mr. Brubaker founded and, until May 1, 2003, served as
chairman of Heads Up Systems, a company providing processing
industries with leading edge technology. From 1996 to 1999,
Mr. Brubaker served as vice president of the paper group
for the American Forest & Paper Association. From 1992 to
1995, Mr. Brubaker served as president of Interstate
Resources, a pulp and paper company. From 1991 to 1992,
Mr. Brubaker served as president of IRI, a radiation
measurement equipment manufacturer. From 1981 to 1991,
Mr. Brubaker held several management positions at James
River Corporation, a forest and paper company, including vice
president of strategic planning from 1981 to 1982, group vice
president of the Groveton Group and Premium Printing Papers from
1982 to 1990 and vice president of human resources development
in 1991. From 1976 to 1981, Mr. Brubaker was strategic
planning manager and marketing manager of white papers at Boise
Cascade. Previously, Mr. Brubaker was a senior engagement
manager at McKinsey & Company from 1972 to 1976. Prior to
1972, Mr. Brubaker was a U.S. Navy fighter pilot.
Mr. Brubaker holds a MBA from the Harvard Business School
and a BSE from Princeton University.
George Stelljes,
III.
Mr. Stelljes has served as
our executive vice president and chief investment officer since
our inception. Mr. Stelljes has also served as executive
vice president of our Adviser since its inception and as a
director of our Adviser since May 2003. In addition,
Mr. Stelljes has served as executive vice president and
chief investment officer of our affiliate Gladstone Capital
since September 2002. He was a director of Gladstone
Capital from August 2001 to September 2002 and
rejoined the board of directors of Gladstone Capital in July
2003. Prior to joining Gladstone Capital, Mr. Stelljes also
served as a managing member of St. Johns Capital, a
vehicle used to make private equity investments. From 1999 to
2001, Mr. Stelljes was a co-founder and managing member of
Camden Partners, a private equity firm which finances high
growth companies in the communications, healthcare and business
services sectors. From 1997 to 1999, Mr. Stelljes was a
managing director and partner of Columbia Capital, a venture
capital firm focused on investments in communications and
information technology. From 1989 to 1997, Mr. Stelljes
held various positions, including executive vice president and
principal, with Allied Capital and its affiliates. Mr. Stelljes
currently serves as a general partner and investment committee
member of Patriot Capital, a private equity fund. He is also a
former board member and regional president
48
Harry Brill.
Mr. Brill has served as our treasurer and chief financial
officer since our inception. Mr. Brill has also served as
chief financial officer and a director of our Adviser since its
inception. Since May 2001, Mr. Brill has also served as
treasurer and chief financial officer of Gladstone Capital. From
1995 to April 2001, Mr. Brill served as a personal
financial advisor. From 1975 to 1995, Mr. Brill held
various positions, including treasurer, chief accounting officer
and controller, with Allied Capital Corporation, where
Mr. Brill was responsible for all of the accounting work
for Allied Capital and its family of funds. Mr. Brill received
his degree in accounting from Ben Franklin University.
David A.R. Dullum.
Mr. Dullum has agreed to become a
director prior to the completion of this offering.
Mr. Dullum has served as a director of Gladstone Capital
since August 2001. From 1995 to the present,
Mr. Dullum has been a partner of New England Partners, a
venture capital firm focused on investments in small and
medium-sized businesses in the Mid-Atlantic and New England
regions. From 1976 to 1990, Mr. Dullum was the managing
general partner of Frontenac Company, a Chicago-based venture
capital firm. Mr. Dullum holds a MBA from Stanford Graduate
School of Business and a BME from the Georgia Institute of
Technology.
Michela A. English.
Ms. English has agreed to become a director prior to the
completion of this offering. Ms. English has served as a
director of Gladstone Capital since June 2002.
Ms. English is the president of Discovery Consumer
Products, a division of Discovery Communications, Inc., where
she heads Discovery Channels consumer and educational
businesses. Since March 1996, Ms. English has held the
positions of president of Discovery Enterprises Worldwide and
president of Discovery.com. From 1991 to 1996, Ms. English
served as senior vice president of the National Geographic
Society and was a member of the National Geographic
Societys Board of Trustees and Education Foundation Board.
Prior to 1991, Ms. English served as vice president, corporate
planning and business development for Marriott Corporation and
as a senior engagement manager for McKinsey & Company.
Ms. English currently serves as a director of the NEA
Foundation for the Improvement of Education, the Educational
Testing Service (ETS) and as chairman of the board of Sweet
Briar College. Ms. English holds a Bachelor of Arts in
International Affairs from Sweet Briar College and a Master of
Public and Private Management degree from Yale Universitys
School of Management.
Anthony W. Parker.
Mr. Parker has agreed to become a director prior to the
completion of this offering. Mr. Parker has served as a
director of Gladstone Capital since August 2001. In 1997,
Mr. Parker founded Medical Funding Corporation, a company
which purchases medical receivables, and has served as its
chairman from inception to the present. In the summer of 2000,
Medical Funding Corporation purchased a Snelling Personnel
Agency franchise in Washington, DC which provides full staffing
services for the local business community. From 1992 to 1996,
Mr. Parker was chairman of, and a 50% stockholder of,
Capitol Resource Funding, Inc. (CRF), a commercial
finance company with offices in Dana Point, California and
Arlington, Virginia. Mr. Parker joined CRF shortly after
its inception and was instrumental in growing the company from a
startup to one that by 1996 was purchasing receivables at the
rate of $150 million per year, with over 40 employees. Mr.
Parker practiced corporate and tax law for over 15 years
from 1980 to 1983 at Verner, Liipfert, Bernhard &
McPherson, and from 1983 to 1992 in private practice.
Mr. Parker is currently the sole shareholder of
Parker & Associates, P.C., a law firm. From 1973 to
1977 Mr. Parker served as executive assistant to the
administrator of the US Small Business Administration.
Mr. Parker received his J.D. and Masters in Tax Law from
Georgetown Law Center and his undergraduate degree from Harvard
College.
Paul W. Adelgren.
Mr. Adelgren has agreed to become a director prior to the
completion of this offering. Mr. Adelgren has served as a
director of Gladstone Capital since January 2003. From 1997
to the present, Mr. Adelgren has served as the pastor of
Missionary Alliance Church. From 1991 to 1997, Mr. Adelgren
was pastor of New Life Alliance Church. From 1988 to 1991,
Mr. Adelgren was a vice president of the finance and
materials division of Williams & Watts, Inc., a logistics
management and procurement business located in Fairfield, NJ.
Prior to joining Williams & Watts, Mr. Adelgren served in
49
Maurice W. Coulon.
Mr. Coulon has agreed to become a director prior to the
completion of this offering. Since 2000, Mr. Coulon has been a
private investor in real estate. From 1991 through his
retirement in 2000, Mr. Coulon served as director of portfolio
management for the Morgan Stanley Real Estate Fund. From 1980 to
1991, Mr. Coulon served as senior vice president of asset
management for the Boston Company Real Estate Counsel, Inc. Mr.
Coulon was a founder of the National Association of Real Estate
Investment Managers and is a past president of the National
Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries. Mr. Coulon holds
a MBA from Harvard University.
Principals of our Adviser
The following is a summary of certain
biographical information regarding the principals of our
Adviser. Biographical information concerning our Advisers
executive officers and directors is described above.
Arthur Buzz
Cooper.
Mr. Cooper has been a
principal of our Adviser since its inception and has also been a
principal of Gladstone Capital since June 2001. From 1986
to 2000, Mr. Cooper served as a principal and senior vice
president of Allied Capital Corporation. At Allied Capital,
Mr. Cooper was responsible for marketing, sourcing,
underwriting, managing, financing and servicing all forms of
commercial real estate. During his time at Allied Capital,
Mr. Cooper administered an investment portfolio of over
$250 million and was a member of the real estate credit
committee. Mr. Cooper holds a BA from Washington and Lee
University.
Virginia Rollins.
Ms. Rollins has been a principal of our Adviser since its
inception and has also been a principal of Gladstone Capital
since June 2001. From 1998 to May 2001,
Ms. Rollins served as vice president and principal of
American Capital Strategies, where she was responsible for
marketing, originations, underwriting and portfolio management
for the Bethesda, Maryland office. From 1993 to 1997,
Ms. Rollins served as managing director and deputy managing
director of Bulgarian American Enterprise Fund, a private
investment firm which focuses on making loans to and investments
in Bulgaria. Ms. Rollins holds a Masters of International
Management from the American Graduate School of International
Management and a BA from the University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill.
Joseph Bute.
Mr. Bute has been a principal of our Adviser since its
inception and has also been a principal of Gladstone Capital
since June 2001. From 1996 to April 2001,
Mr. Bute served as principal and vice president of American
Capital Strategies, where he was responsible for marketing,
originations, underwriting and portfolio management for the
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania office. During that period, he invested
$35 million for American Capital in four companies and served as
a director of each. From 1992 to 1996, Mr. Bute was
director of manufacturing services of the Steel Valley Authority
where he established and developed a nationally recognized
manufacturing retention program for the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania. Mr. Bute holds a BS from the University of
San Francisco.
Laura Gladstone.
Ms. Gladstone has been a principal of our Adviser since its
inception and has also been a principal of Gladstone Capital
since August 2001. From June 2000 to April 2001,
Ms. Gladstone worked as an associate analyst in equity
research at ING Barings, where she was responsible for covering
companies in the telecommunications industries. From
November 1999 to May 2000, Ms. Gladstone worked
for Salomon Smith Barney as an assistant analyst in equity
research. From 1997 to November 1999, Ms. Gladstone worked
for HSBC, an international bank, as the banks only
syndications analyst in Argentina. At HSBC, she completed
numerous loan transactions in diverse industries, including
cable, telecommunications, oil, manufacturing and distribution.
From 1994 to 1997, Ms. Gladstone served as the marketing
director at Allied Capital Corporation where she was responsible
for creating and executing all marketing-related activities for
leveraged buyout and venture capital investments, mortgage REIT
loans and small business lending activities. She received her
BBA from The George Washington
50
John Freal.
Mr. Freal has been a principal of our Adviser since its
inception and has also been a principal of Gladstone Capital
since February 2002. From November 1997 through
February 2002, he was a principal and managing director at
American Capital Strategies in the Bethesda, Maryland office,
where he was responsible for investment originations,
underwriting and portfolio management. From May 1995
through October 1997, he was a private investor and
financial consultant. From June 1989 to April 1995,
Mr. Freal was president of RDS Capital Partners, Inc. of
Vienna, Virginia, a private merchant banking company that he
co-founded to acquire middle-market commercial and industrial
companies. Prior to founding RDS, he was employed from
November 1978 to June 1989 by First American Bank of
Virginia, Maryland National Bank and Meritor Financial Group,
providing general corporate and buyout financing to
middle-market and national companies in various capacities from
credit analyst to vice president and loan officer.
Mr. Freal received his BS and MBA from George Mason
University.
We expect our Adviser to hire two more principals
and two associates during 2003, all of whom we expect will have
real estate experience. We also expect our Adviser to hire a
controller that will be responsible for providing accounting
services to us.
Our Board of Directors
Effective upon the closing of this offering, our
directors will be divided into three classes. One class will
hold office initially for a term expiring at the annual meeting
of our stockholders to be held in 2004, a second class will hold
office initially for a term expiring at the annual meeting of
our stockholders to be held in 2005 and a third class will hold
office initially for a term expiring at the annual meeting of
our stockholders to be held in 2006. Each director holds office
for the term to which he or she is elected until his or her
successor is duly elected and qualified. The terms of Mr.
Gladstone and Mr. Adelgren will expire in 2004, the terms
of Mr. Parker and Ms. English will expire in 2005 and the
terms of Messrs. Brubaker, Dullum and Coulon will expire in
2006. At each annual meeting of our stockholders, the class of
directors whose terms expire at such meeting will be elected to
hold office for a three year term. Although the number of
directors may be increased or decreased, a decrease shall not
have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director.
A majority of our board of directors must be
comprised of independent directors as defined by the listing
standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market. Following the completion
of this offering, two of our directors will be insiders and five
will be independent.
Our directors are not required to devote all of
their time to our business and are only required to devote as
much time to our affairs as their duties require. Our directors
will generally meet quarterly or more frequently if necessary.
Any director may resign at any time and may be
removed with cause by the stockholders upon the affirmative vote
of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast at a
meeting called for the purpose of the proposed removal. The
notice of the meeting shall indicate that the purpose, or one of
the purposes, of the meeting is to determine if the director
shall be removed. The term cause as used in this
context is a term used in the Maryland General Corporation Law.
However, the Maryland General Corporation Law does not include a
definition of cause, and Maryland case law suggests
that the term should be interpreted on a case-by-case basis. As
a result of this uncertainty, stockholders may not know what
actions by a director may be grounds for removal.
Unless filled by a vote of the stockholders as
permitted by Maryland law, a vacancy created by an increase in
the number of directors or the death, resignation, removal,
adjudicated incompetence or other incapacity of a director shall
be filled by a vote of a majority of the remaining directors.
51
We maintain a directors and officers liability
insurance policy. Our articles of incorporation limit the
personal liability of our directors and officers for monetary
damages to the fullest extent permitted under current Maryland
law, and our bylaws provide that a director or officer may be
indemnified to the fullest extent required or permitted by
Maryland law. Maryland law allows directors and officers to be
indemnified against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements,
and expenses actually incurred in a proceeding unless the
following can be established:
Any indemnification or any agreement to hold
harmless is recoverable only out of our assets and not from our
stockholders. Indemnification could reduce the legal remedies
available to us and our stockholders against the indemnified
individuals.
This provision for indemnification of our
directors and officers does not reduce the exposure of our
directors and officers to liability under federal or state
securities laws, nor does it limit a stockholders ability
to obtain injunctive relief or other equitable remedies for a
violation of a directors or an officers duties to us
or to our stockholders, although these equitable remedies may
not be effective in some circumstances.
In addition to any indemnification to which our
directors and officers are entitled pursuant to our articles of
incorporation and bylaws and the Maryland General Corporation
Law, our articles of incorporation and bylaws provide that we
may indemnify other employees and agents to the fullest extent
permitted under Maryland law, whether they are serving us or, at
our request, any other entity, including our Adviser.
The general effect to investors of any
arrangement under which any person who controls us or any of our
directors, officers or agents is insured or indemnified against
liability is a potential reduction in distributions to our
stockholders resulting from our payment of premiums associated
with liability insurance. In addition, indemnification could
reduce the legal remedies available to us and to our
stockholders against our officers, directors and agents.
The SEC takes the position that indemnification
against liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 is
against public policy and unenforceable. As a result,
indemnification of our directors and officers and of our Adviser
or its affiliates may not be allowed for liabilities arising
from or out of a violation of state or federal securities laws.
Indemnification will be allowed for settlements and related
expenses of lawsuits alleging securities laws violations and for
expenses incurred in successfully defending any lawsuit,
provided that a court either:
52
Committees of our Board of Directors
Our board of directors has established an
executive committee. Membership of our executive committee will
be comprised of Messrs. Gladstone (Chairman), Dullum and
Parker. The executive committee has the authority to exercise
all powers of our board of directors except for actions that
must be taken by the full board of directors under the Maryland
General Corporation Law.
Our board of directors has established an audit
committee. Membership of the audit committee will be comprised
of Mr. Parker (Chairman), Ms. English and
Mr. Dullum, each of whom is an independent director. The
audit committee will be responsible for, among other things, the
engagement, retention and approval of the compensation of our
independent public accountants, reviewing with our independent
public accountants the plans and results of the audit
engagement, approving professional services provided by our
independent public accountants, reviewing the independence of
our independent public accountants, reviewing our quarterly
financial statements and earnings releases and reviewing the
adequacy of our internal accounting controls.
Our board of directors has established a
compensation committee. Membership of the compensation committee
will be comprised of Messrs. Dullum (Chairman) and Parker,
each of whom is an independent director. The compensation
committee will be responsible for, among other things,
determining compensation for our executive officers and
negotiating the terms of our advisory agreement, in addition to
administering our 2003 Equity Incentive Plan, which is described
below.
Our board of directors has established an ethics,
nominating and corporate governance committee. Membership of the
committee will be comprised of Mr. Adelgren (Chairman) and Mr.
Coulon, each of whom is an independent director. The ethics,
nominating and corporate governance committee will be
responsible for, among other things, establishing and
maintaining our code of ethics, approving the nomination of
qualified individuals to become directors, recommending the
composition of committees of our board of directors, monitoring
a process to assess our boards effectiveness, and
developing and implementing our corporate governance guidelines
and policies.
Compensation of our Directors and Executive
Officers
Name
Age
Office
61
59
Officer and Director
41
Investment Officer
56
55
53
57
60
60
(1)
Messrs. Dullum, Parker, Adelgren and Coulon
and Ms. English have agreed to join our board of directors
prior to the completion of this offering.
(2)
Member of the compensation committee.
(3)
Member of the audit committee.
(4)
Member of the executive committee.
(5)
Member of the ethics, nominating and corporate
governance committee.
Composition of our Board of
Directors
Vacancies on our Board of
Directors
Limited Liability and
Indemnification
the act or omission of the director or officer
was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the
proceeding, and was committed in bad faith or was the result of
active and deliberate dishonesty;
the director or officer actually received an
improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or
with respect to any criminal proceeding, the
director or officer had reasonable cause to believe his or her
act or omission was unlawful.
approves the settlement and finds that
indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be
made; or
dismisses with prejudice or makes a successful
adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged
securities law violations as to the particular indemnitee and a
court approves the indemnification.
Executive Committee
Audit Committee
Compensation Committee
Ethics, Nominating and Corporate Governance
Committee
Compensation of Directors |
As compensation for serving on our board of directors, each of our independent directors will receive an annual fee of $10,000 and an additional $1,000 for each board meeting attended, with no additional fee paid in connection with attending committee meetings. In addition, we will reimburse our directors for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending board and committee meetings. Upon joining our board, each independent director will receive a non-qualified option to purchase 10,000 shares of our common stock having an exercise price equal to the price of our common stock in this offering or the quoted price of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market on the date of grant, as applicable. At the time of each annual meeting of our stockholders following his or her appointment, each incumbent independent director will receive an additional non-qualified option to purchase 10,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. All options granted to independent directors will vest in two equal annual installments beginning one year from the date of grant.
We will not pay any compensation to our directors who also serve as our officers or as officers or directors of our Adviser in consideration for their service as our directors. Our board of directors may
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Executive Compensation |
Because our executive officers are employees of our Adviser, we do not pay cash compensation to them directly in return for their services to us. Rather, they receive compensation from our Adviser pursuant to the terms of their employment relationships with our Adviser. However, our executive officers are eligible to participate in our 2003 Equity Incentive Plan, described below. The following table summarizes the option grants that we expect to make to each of our executive officers prior to the completion of this offering (the exercise price of each of the options is expected to be $15 per share):
| David Gladstone: 200,000 shares | |
| Terry Lee Brubaker: 100,000 shares | |
| George Stelljes, III: 100,000 shares | |
| Harry Brill: 25,000 shares |
It is expected that these options will vest in two equal installments on the date of grant and the first anniversary of the date of grant.
In accordance with our stated accounting policy, we intend to apply the intrinsic value method to account for the issuance of the options above in accordance with APB Opinion No. 25. Based on the terms as discussed above, we do not anticipate that we will record any expense related to the issuance of these options under the intrinsic value method because the grants are being issued at market. If the actual terms vary from the expected, the impact to our compensation expense could differ.
2003 Equity Incentive Plan
Effective June 10, 2003, we adopted the 2003 Equity Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the 2003 Plan in this prospectus, for the purpose of attracting and retaining the services of executive officers, directors and other key employees. Under the 2003 Plan, our compensation committee may award to employees, including those of our Adviser, incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, or ISOs, and nonstatutory stock options to employees, non-employee directors and certain consultants, including our Adviser and its affiliates. In addition, the 2003 Plan permits the granting of restricted stock.
We have authorized the issuance of 759,000 shares of common stock to our officers, directors, employees and consultants, including the employees and directors of our Adviser under the 2003 Plan. Options granted under the 2003 Plan may be exercised for a period of no more than ten years from the date of grant or, in the case of ISOs granted to any recipient who owns, or is treated as owning, under Section 424(d) of the Internal Revenue Code, more than 10% of the total combined voting power of our stock, no more than five years from the date of grant. No awards may be granted under the 2003 Plan to any person who, assuming exercise or settlement of all options and rights held by such person, would own or be deemed to own more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock without approval of our board of directors. Unless sooner terminated by our board of directors, the 2003 Plan will terminate on June 9, 2013, and no additional awards may be made under the 2003 Plan after that date.
Stock Options |
Options granted under the 2003 Plan will entitle the optionee, upon exercise, to purchase shares of common stock from us at a specified exercise price per share. ISOs must have a per share exercise price of no less than the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of the grant or, if the optionee owns or is treated as owning, under Section 424(d) of the Internal Revenue Code, more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock, no less than 110% of the fair market
54
Our compensation committee will administer the 2003 Plan and will have the authority, subject to the provisions of the 2003 Plan, to determine who will receive awards under the 2003 Plan and the terms of such awards. Our compensation committee will have the authority to adjust the number of shares available for options, the number of shares subject to outstanding options and the exercise price for options following the occurrence of events such as stock splits, cash or stock dividends, distributions and recapitalizations.
If authorized by our compensation committee, the exercise price of an option may be paid in the form of shares of our common stock that are already owned by a participant. In addition, our compensation committee may permit, when appropriate, a cashless exercise arrangement whereby an optionee may exercise a portion of his or her option by surrendering a portion of the shares subject to his or her option having a fair value equal to the aggregate exercise price of the portion of the option being exercised. If an optionee elects to make a cashless exercise of a portion of his or her option, he or she will receive upon such exercise shares having an aggregate fair market value equal to the product of (1) the excess of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the exercise date over the exercise price and (2) the number of shares covered by the portion of the option being exercised.
The 2003 Plan provides that if a stock option is not exercised and the option expires for any reason, then the shares of common stock subject to the option will be available for reissuance under the 2003 Plan.
Restricted Stock |
Participants in the 2003 Plan are eligible to receive grants of restricted stock. These shares may be subject to a time-based vesting schedule or the attainment of performance goals established by our compensation committee. Restricted stock may be sold or may be issued for no cash consideration as determined by our compensation committee. Upon a participants termination of service with us, we may have the option to repurchase or reclaim the unvested shares of stock at the original purchase price paid by a participant for such shares, if any. The specific terms and conditions of the restricted stock purchases shall be governed by the 2003 Plan and individual agreements in a form approved by our compensation committee. Restricted stock acquired under the 2003 Plan is transferable if so determined by our compensation committee in its discretion.
Corporate Transactions and Change in Control Provisions |
Upon specified corporate transactions, as defined in the 2003 Plan, all outstanding stock options and restricted stock under the 2003 Plan may either be assumed or new awards may be substituted by the successor or surviving entity. If the surviving entity does not assume or substitute similar awards, the vesting of awards held by the participants whose continuous service has not terminated prior to the closing date of the corporate transaction will be accelerated in full and then terminated to the extent not exercised, if appropriate, prior to the closing date of the corporate transaction. With respect to any other awards which are not assumed or substituted and which are held by participants whose continuous service has terminated on or prior to the closing date of the corporate transaction, such awards will not be accelerated unless otherwise provided in a written agreement between us and the participant and approved by the compensation committee.
Upon a corporate transaction that constitutes a change in control, as defined in the 2003 Plan, awards of stock options and restricted stock held by participants whose continuous service has not terminated prior to the date of the change in control will be entitled to additional acceleration of vesting, but only to the extent as provided in any written agreement between us and the participant and approved by the compensation committee.
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Federal Tax Consequences |
The following is a brief summary of the federal income tax aspects of awards under the 2003 Plan of compensatory stock options and restricted stock to employees and other service providers in exchange for services based upon the federal income tax laws in effect on the date of this prospectus. This summary is not intended to be exhaustive and does not describe state or local tax consequences.
|
Incentive stock options.
No taxable income is realized by the
participant upon the grant or exercise of an ISO. If shares of
stock are issued to a participant pursuant to the exercise of an
ISO, and if no disposition of the shares is made by the
participant within two years of the date of grant or within one
year after the transfer of the shares to the participant (a
disqualifying disposition), then: (i) upon the
sale of the shares, any amount realized in excess of the
exercise price will be taxed to the participant as a long-term
capital gain, and any loss sustained will be a capital loss, and
(ii) no deduction will be allowed to us for federal income
tax purposes. The exercise of an ISO will give rise to an item
of tax preference that may result in an alternative minimum tax
liability for the participant unless the participant makes a
disqualifying disposition of the shares received upon exercise.
If stock acquired upon the exercise of an ISO is disposed of prior to the expiration of the holding periods described above in a disqualifying disposition, then generally: (i) the participant will realize ordinary income in the year of disposition in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the shares at exercise (or, if less, the amount realized on the disposition of the shares) over the exercise price paid for such shares, and (2) we will be entitled to deduct any such recognized amount. Any further gain or loss realized by the participant will be taxed as short-term or long-term capital gain or loss, as the case may be, and will not result in any deduction by us. Subject to certain exceptions for disability or death, if an ISO is exercised more than three months following the termination of the participants employment, the option will generally be taxed as a nonstatutory stock option. |
|
| Nonstatutory stock options. With respect to nonstatutory stock options: (1) no income is realized by the participant at the time the option is granted; (2) generally upon exercise of the option, the participant realizes ordinary income in an amount equal to the difference between the exercise price paid for the shares and the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise and we will be entitled to a deduction in the same amount; and (3) at disposition, any appreciation (or depreciation) after the date of exercise is treated either as short-term or long-term capital gain or loss, depending upon the length of time that the participant has held the shares. | |
| Restricted Stock Awards. To the extent a participants restricted stock award is fully vested and is not subject to our repurchase option, the participant will recognize taxable ordinary income equal to any excess of the stocks fair market value on the purchase date over the purchase price. In contrast, to the extent a restricted stock award is subject to a vesting schedule, taxable income with respect to stock will be recognized at each vesting date in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares vesting on such date over the consideration paid for those shares. However, a participant may file with the Internal Revenue Service an election under Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, by which the participant elects to recognize at the time of grant ordinary income equal to the excess, if any, of the then fair market value of the stock received on the date of grant over the participants purchase price, if any. Generally, we will be entitled to a tax deduction equal to the ordinary income recognized by the participant. |
56
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED
TRANSACTIONS
Advisory Agreement
We have entered into an advisory agreement with
our Adviser, Gladstone Management Corporation, pursuant to which
our Adviser will be responsible for managing our business on a
day-to-day basis and for identifying, evaluating, negotiating
and consummating investment transactions consistent with our
investment criteria. In return for providing such services, we
have agreed to reimburse our Adviser for certain expenses it
incurs related to its management of our activities on the
following bases:
The estimated reimbursements set forth above are
based on our current expectations regarding the expenses of this
offering, operating expenses of our Adviser and the proportion
of our Advisers time we believe will be spent on matters
relating to our business. To the extent that the expenses of
this offering are greater than we anticipate, or if our
Advisers operating expenses increase or our Adviser
allocates a greater percentage of its time to our business, our
actual reimbursements to the Adviser could be materially greater
than currently projected.
Each of our officers is an officer of our Adviser
and Messrs. Gladstone, Brubaker and Brill are also
directors of our Adviser. David Gladstone is the controlling
stockholder of our Adviser. The advisory agreement was not
negotiated at arms-length, although we believe that its
terms are no less favorable to us than those that we could
obtain from an unaffiliated third party in an arms-length
transaction.
OUR ADVISER
Gladstone Management Corporation
Our business will be managed by our Adviser,
Gladstone Management Corporation. The officers, directors and
employees of our Adviser have significant experience in making
investments in and lending to small and medium-sized businesses,
including investing in real estate and making mortgage loans. We
have entered into an advisory agreement with our Adviser under
which our Adviser will be responsible for managing our assets
and liabilities, for operating our business on a day-to-day
basis and for identifying,
57
David Gladstone, our chairman and chief executive
officer, is also the chairman, chief executive officer and the
controlling stockholder of our Adviser. Terry Lee Brubaker, our
president, secretary and chief operating officer and a member of
our board of directors, serves in the same capacities for our
Adviser. George Stelljes, III, our chief investment officer,
serves in the same capacity for our Adviser and is also a member
of our Advisers board of directors. Harry Brill, our chief
financial officer and treasurer, serves in the same capacities
for our Adviser and is also a member of our Advisers board
of directors.
Our Adviser will maintain an investment committee
that will screen our investments. This investment committee will
initially be comprised of Messrs. Gladstone, Brubaker and
Stelljes. We believe that our Advisers investment
committee review process will give us a unique competitive
advantage over other commercial and industrial REITs because of
the substantial experience and perspective that the members of
our Advisers investment committee possess in evaluating
the blend of corporate credit, real estate and lease terms that
combine to provide an acceptable risk for investment.
Our Advisers board of directors has
empowered its investment committee to authorize and approve our
investments, subject to the terms of the advisory agreement.
Before we acquire any property, the transaction will be reviewed
by our Advisers investment committee to ensure that, in
its view, the proposed transaction satisfies our investment
criteria and is within our investment policies. Approval by our
Advisers investment committee will generally be the final
step in the property acquisition approval process, although the
separate approval of our board of directors will be required in
certain circumstances described below.
Our Advisers executive offices are located
at 1750 Tysons Blvd., Fourth Floor, McLean, Virginia 22102.
Advisory Agreement
Many of the services to be performed by our
Adviser and its affiliates in managing our day-to-day activities
are summarized below. This summary is provided to illustrate the
material functions which our Adviser and its affiliates will
perform for us pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreement,
but it is not intended to include all of the services which may
be provided to us by third parties.
Under the terms of the advisory agreement, our
Adviser will use its best efforts to present to us investment
opportunities consistent with our investment policies and
objectives as adopted by our board of directors. In performing
its duties, our Adviser, either directly or indirectly by
engaging an affiliate, will:
58
It is expected that each investment that we make
will be approved or ratified by our board of directors. Our
board of directors has authorized our Adviser to make
investments in any property on our behalf without the prior
approval of our board if the following conditions are satisfied:
The actual terms and conditions of transactions
involving investments in properties and mortgage loans shall be
determined in the sole discretion of our Adviser, subject at all
times to compliance with the foregoing requirements. Some types
of transactions, however, will require the prior approval of our
board of directors, including a majority of our independent
directors, including the following:
In addition to its duties under the advisory
agreement, our Adviser and its affiliates expect to engage in
other business ventures and, as a result, their resources will
not be dedicated exclusively to our business. For example, our
Adviser also serves as external adviser to Gladstone Land
Corporation, an affiliate of our chairman and chief executive
officer David Gladstone. However, under the advisory agreement,
our Adviser must devote sufficient resources to the
administration of our affairs to discharge its obligations under
the agreement. The advisory agreement is not assignable or
transferable by either us or our Adviser without the consent of
the other party, except that our Adviser may assign the advisory
agreement to an affiliate for whom our Adviser agrees to
guarantee its obligations to us. Either we or our Adviser may
assign or transfer the advisory agreement to a successor entity.
Our Advisers professionals have operated under similar
arrangements during their service with Allied Capital Advisers,
which advised the Allied Capital group of three public
investment companies, two private limited partnerships, one
public REIT and one private REIT.
The term of the advisory agreement ends on
December 31, 2006, and thereafter will be automatically
renewed for successive one-year periods, unless either we or our
Adviser gives the other party notice of non-renewal at least
120 days before the end of any term. Additionally, the
advisory agreement may be terminated:
Cause is defined in the advisory
agreement to mean fraud, criminal conduct, willful misconduct or
willful or negligent breach of fiduciary duty, or the commission
of a material breach of the advisory agreement, by our Adviser.
Good reason is defined in the advisory agreement to
mean either a failure to obtain a satisfactory agreement from
any successor to us to assume and agree to perform our
obligations
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The following sets forth the type and, to the
extent possible, estimates of the amounts payable to our Adviser
in connection with its operation of our business. These payments
have not been determined through non-arms-length
bargaining. For additional details regarding the effects of this
non-arms-length relationship, see Conflicts of
Interest.
We will reimburse our Adviser for all expenses
incurred by our Adviser for our direct benefit. Examples of
these expenses include expenses incurred in connection with our
organization and offering, legal, accounting, tax preparation,
consulting and related fees. The actual amounts to be paid will
depend upon the actual amount of organization and offering
expenses paid and incurred by our Adviser and its affiliates in
connection with this offering, which amount is not determinable
at this time. We currently estimate these expenses will be
approximately $1.3 million (including approximately
$1 million of expenses incurred in connection with this
offering) during the first twelve months. We estimate that these
expenses will be approximately $300,000 per year after the first
twelve months following the offering.
In addition, we will reimburse our Adviser for
all fees charged by third parties that are directly related to
our business, which may include real estate brokerage fees,
mortgage placement fees, lease-up fees and transaction
structuring fees that will be passed through to us at the cost
to our Adviser. The actual amount that we will pay to our
Adviser will depend largely upon the aggregate costs of the
properties we acquire and mortgage loans that we make, which in
turn will depend upon the proceeds of this offering and the
amount of leverage we use in connection with our activities.
Accordingly, the amount of these fees is not determinable at
this time.
We will be required to reimburse our Adviser for
our pro rata share of our Advisers payroll and benefits
expenses on an employee-by-employee basis, based on the
percentage of each employees time devoted to our matters.
The actual amount of payroll and benefits expenses which we will
be required to reimburse our Adviser is not determinable, but we
currently estimate that during our first full year following the
completion of this offering this amount will be approximately
$425,000. This estimate is based on our current expectations
regarding our Advisers payroll and benefits expenses and
the proportion of our Advisers time we believe will be
spent on matters relating to our business. To the extent that
our Advisers payroll and benefits expenses are greater
than we expect or our Adviser allocates a greater percentage of
its time to our business, our actual reimbursement of our
Adviser for our share of its payroll and benefits expenses could
be materially greater that we currently project.
We may also be required to reimburse our Adviser
for our pro rata portion of all other expenses of our Adviser
not reimbursed under the arrangements described above
(overhead expenses), equal to the total overhead
expenses of our Adviser, multiplied by the ratio of hours worked
by our Advisers employees on our projects to the total
hours worked by our Advisers employees. However, we will
only be required to reimburse our Adviser for our portion of its
overhead expenses if the amount of payroll and benefits we
reimburse to our Adviser is less than 2.0% of our average
invested assets for the year. Additionally, we will only be
required to reimburse our Adviser for overhead expenses up to
the point that reimbursed overhead expenses and payroll and
benefits expenses, on a combined basis, equal 2.0% of our
average invested assets for the year. Our Adviser will bill us
on a monthly basis for these amounts. Our Adviser must reimburse
us annually for the amount by which amounts billed to and paid
by us exceed this 2.0% limit during a given year. To the extent
that overhead expenses payable or reimbursable by us exceed this
limit and our independent directors determine that the excess
expenses were justified based on unusual and nonrecurring
factors which they deem sufficient, we may reimburse our Adviser
in future years for the full amount of the excess expenses, or
any portion thereof, but only to the extent that the
reimbursement would not cause our overhead expense
reimbursements to exceed the 2.0% limitation in any year. The
actual amount of overhead expenses for which we will be required
to reimburse our Adviser is not determinable, but we
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A tabular summary of the payments to our Adviser
described above is provided in the following table:
In addition to the reimbursement of expenses
described above, our Advisers officers, directors and
employees will be eligible to receive stock option grants from
the 2003 Plan. See Management 2003 Equity
Incentive Plan.
Our board of directors is responsible for
reviewing our fees and expenses on at least an annual basis and
with sufficient frequency to determine that the expenses
incurred are in the best interests of our stockholders. Our
independent directors also will be responsible for reviewing the
performance of our Adviser and determining whether the
compensation paid to our Adviser is reasonable in relation to
the nature and quality of services performed and whether the
provisions of the advisory agreement are being satisfactorily
performed. Specifically, our independent directors will consider
factors such as:
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From time to time we may enter into transactions
with our Adviser or one or more of its affiliates. A majority of
our independent directors and a majority of our directors not
otherwise interested in a transaction with our Adviser must
approve all such transactions with our Adviser or its
affiliates. See Conflicts of Interest.
We will not purchase any property from or
co-invest with our Adviser, any of its affiliates or any
business in which our Adviser or any of its affiliates have
invested. If we decide to change this policy on co-investments
with our Adviser or its affiliates, we will seek approval of
this decision from our stockholders.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
There will be various conflicts of interest in
the operation of our business. Our independent directors will
have an obligation to function on our behalf in all situations
in which a conflict of interest may arise and will have a
fiduciary obligation to act on behalf of our stockholders.
Our Affiliates
All of our officers and all but one of our
directors are also affiliated with Gladstone Capital
Corporation, as a result of which we may be deemed to be an
affiliate of Gladstone Capital. Gladstone Capital is a publicly
held closed-end management investment company that makes loans
to and investments in small and medium-sized businesses. It does
not buy or lease real estate. Gladstone Capital will not make
loans to or investments in any company with which we have or
intend to enter into a real estate lease or mortgage loan. David
Gladstone, our chairman and chief executive officer, also serves
as chairman of Gladstone Land Corporation, a privately held
corporation which invests primarily in agricultural real estate.
We do not presently intend to co-invest with
Gladstone Capital, Gladstone Land or any other affiliated entity
in any business. However, in the future it may be advisable for
us to co-invest with one of our affiliates. We will obtain
approval of our stockholders before we change our policy on
co-investments with affiliates. Any such co-investment must be
approved by a majority of our independent directors and must not
jeopardize our status as a REIT. Additionally, Gladstone Capital
may also need to receive an order from the Securities and
Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940
permitting these arrangements.
Our Adviser is an external management company
that does not buy or lease real estate, other than for its own
use, in the ordinary course of its business. We will not
co-invest with our Adviser nor will our Adviser make loans to or
investments in any company with which we have entered into a
real estate lease or mortgage loan arrangement. The following
chart illustrates generally the relationship among us, our
Adviser and our affiliates.
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* Mr. Coulon is not affiliated with
Gladstone Capital.
Every transaction we enter into with our Adviser
or its affiliates is subject to an inherent conflict of
interest. Our board of directors may encounter conflicts of
interest in enforcing our rights against any of our affiliates
in the event of a default by or disagreement with an affiliate
or in invoking powers, rights or options pursuant to any
agreement between us and any of our affiliates. Each transaction
between us and our Adviser or any of its affiliates must be
approved by a majority of our independent directors who are
otherwise disinterested in the transaction as being fair and
reasonable to us and on terms and conditions no less favorable
to us than those available from unaffiliated third parties.
Experience of Our Advisers Professionals
in Managing Conflicts of Interest
Many of the officers and directors of our Adviser
have operated under a similar structure in connection with their
service to Allied Capital Advisers, which managed three publicly
traded investment companies, one publicly traded REIT, one
privately held REIT and two private partnerships and we believe
that their experience will allow them to successfully manage
potential conflicts of interest inherent in our business.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Inherent in
Our Business
Our Adviser will receive reimbursement from us
regardless of our performance or its performance in managing our
business. As a result, even if our Adviser does not identify
suitable opportunities in which to invest the proceeds of this
offering, our Adviser will still be reimbursed for the expenses
that it incurs in connection with attempting to invest such
funds on our behalf. In addition, our Adviser will also receive
reimbursement of expenses and fees incurred directly on our
behalf regardless of its or our performance. See Our
Adviser Advisory Agreement Payments to our Adviser
Under the Advisory Agreement.
63
All agreements and arrangements, including those
relating to payments under the advisory agreement, between us
and our Adviser or any of its affiliates will not be the result
of arms-length negotiations. However, compensation to our
Adviser and its affiliates will be approved by a majority of our
independent directors and terms of future transactions with our
Adviser shall be no less favorable to us than terms that we
believe we could obtain from unaffiliated entities providing
similar services as an ongoing activity in the same geographical
location.
Gladstone Capital specializes in providing
long-term loans to small and medium-sized businesses. Gladstone
Capital does not, and for regulatory reasons cannot, purchase or
sell real estate or interests in real estate or real estate
investment trusts (subject to limited exceptions). However, on
occasion Gladstone Capital may make loans to, or investments in,
companies as a means of providing financing for their
acquisition of real estate. While such a transaction would
typically not fit within the current investment criteria of
Gladstone Capital, particularly if the sole purpose of the loan
were to finance the purchase of real estate, Gladstone Capital
may make such a loan as an accommodation to a borrower that
otherwise meets its investment criteria, but any such loans will
generally not have terms exceeding five years. Therefore,
Gladstone Capital may compete with us with respect to making
short-term loans to finance the purchase of real property.
Our Adviser will use its best efforts to present
suitable investments to us consistent with our investment
procedures, objectives and policies. If our Adviser or any of
its affiliates is presented with a potential investment in a
property which might be made by more than one investment entity
which it advises or manages, the decision as to the suitability
of the property for investment by a particular entity will be
based upon a review of the investment portfolio and objectives
of each entity. The most important criteria in allocating
investment opportunities between Gladstone Capital, Gladstone
Land, any other entity our Adviser manages and us will be
whether the potential investment is a commercial or industrial
real estate-related opportunity, in which case it would
generally be presented to us. Other factors which our Adviser
will consider include:
To the extent that a particular property might be
determined to be suitable for more than one investment entity,
priority generally will be given to the investment entity having
uninvested funds for the longest period of time. It is the
responsibility of our board of directors (including our
independent directors) to ensure that the method used by our
Adviser to allocate transactions is applied fairly to us.
We depend on our board of directors and on our
Adviser for our operations and for the acquisition, operation
and disposition of our investments. Our Adviser has entered into
the advisory agreement with us pursuant to which it will perform
certain functions relating to the investment of our funds and
our day-to-day management. Our Adviser may perform similar
services for other entities managed by our Adviser or its
affiliates. Our Adviser and its affiliates will devote such time
to our affairs as they in good faith
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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
Immediately prior to the completion of this
offering, there will be 52,000 shares of common stock
outstanding and one stockholder of record. We will have no other
shares of capital stock outstanding. We do not anticipate that,
upon completion of this offering, any of our current
stockholders will beneficially own more than five percent of our
common stock. The following table sets forth certain ownership
information with respect to our common stock for each of our
directors and executive officers and for all directors and
executive officers as a group, upon completion of this offering.
Unless otherwise indicated, all shares are owned directly and
the indicated person has sole voting and investment power.
65
reimbursement on a dollar-for-dollar basis for
all expenses incurred by our Adviser for our direct benefit (for
example, organizational and offering expenses, legal,
accounting, tax and consulting fees), which we currently
estimate will be approximately $1.3 million during the
first twelve months following the completion of this offering
(including approximately $1 million of expenses incurred in
connection with this offering) and $300,000 annually thereafter;
reimbursement on a dollar-for-dollar basis for
all additional fees charged by third parties that are directly
related to our business (for example, real estate brokerage
fees, mortgage placement fees, lease-up fees and transaction
structuring fees), which we currently are unable to estimate;
reimbursement for our pro rata share of our
Advisers employee payroll and benefits expenses, on a
employee-by-employee basis, based on the percentage of each
employees time devoted to our matters. We currently
estimate that reimbursement of payroll and benefits will be
approximately $425,000 in the twelve months following the
offering; and
reimbursement for our pro rata portion of all
other expenses of our Adviser (overhead expenses),
based on the percentage of total hours worked by our
Advisers personnel that are spent on our matters. However,
we will only be required to reimburse our Adviser for overhead
if the amount of payroll and benefits expenses reimbursed to our
Adviser, as described above, is less than 2.0% of our average
invested assets. In such case, we will only be required to
reimburse our Adviser for our share of its overhead expenses up
to the point that overhead expenses and payroll and benefits
expenses, on a combined basis, equal 2.0% of our average
invested assets. We currently estimate that reimbursement of
overhead expenses will be approximately $275,000 in the twelve
months following the offering.
Adviser Duties and Authority Under the
Advisory Agreement
find, evaluate, present and recommend to us a
continuing series of real estate investment opportunities
consistent with our investment policies and objectives;
provide advice to us and act on our behalf with
respect to the negotiation, acquisition, financing, refinancing,
holding, leasing and disposition of real estate investments;
enter contracts to purchase real estate and make
mortgage loans on our behalf in compliance with our investment
procedures, objectives and policies, subject to approval of our
board of directors, where required;
take the actions and obtain the services
necessary to effect the negotiation, acquisition, financing,
refinancing, holding, leasing and disposition of real estate
investments; and
provide day-to-day management of our business
activities and other administrative services for us as requested
by our board of directors.
Our Adviser has obtained an independent appraisal
for the property indicating that the total cost of the property
does not exceed its appraised value; and
Our Adviser has provided us with a representation
that the property, in conjunction with our other investments and
proposed investments, is reasonably expected to fulfill our
investment objectives and policies as established by our board
of directors and then in effect.
loans not secured or otherwise supported by real
property;
any acquisition or mortgage loan which at the
time of investment would have a cost exceeding 20% of our total
assets;
any lease or mortgage loan to a tenant or
borrower having a risk rating of less than 4 on our risk rating
scale;
transactions that involve conflicts of interest
with our Adviser (other than reimbursement of expenses in
accordance with the advisory agreement); and
the lease of assets to our Adviser, its
affiliates or any of our officers or directors.
Termination of the Advisory
Agreement
immediately by us for cause or upon
the bankruptcy of our Adviser;
without cause by a majority of our independent
directors upon 60 days notice to our Adviser; or
immediately with good reason by our
Adviser.
Payments to our Adviser Under the Advisory
Agreement
Estimated
$ Amount for Maximum
Type of Compensation
Form of Compensation
Offering (6,325,000 shares)
Offering Stage
Organization and
Offering Expenses
Reimbursement on a
dollar-for-dollar basis
$1,000,000
Acquisition and Development Stage
Expenses incurred by our Adviser for our direct
benefit (e.g., legal, accounting, tax and consulting fees)
Reimbursement on a
dollar-for-dollar basis
$300,000 annually
Third party fees that are directly related to our
business (e.g., real estate brokerage, mortgage placement,
lease-up and transaction structuring fees)
Reimbursement on a
dollar-for-dollar basis
Not determinable
at this time
Operational Stage
Payroll and Benefits Expenses
Reimbursement of our pro rata portion (based on
the percentage of total hours worked by each employee of our
Adviser on our matters)
$425,000 annually
All other expenses of our Adviser
Reimbursement or our pro rata portion (based on
the percentage of total hours worked by our Advisers
personnel that are spent on our matters) (subject to certain
limitations described in Our Adviser Advisory
Agreement)
$275,000 annually
the amount of the fees paid to our Adviser in
relation to our size and the composition and performance of our
investments;
the success of our Adviser in generating
appropriate investment opportunities;
rates charged to other investment entities by
advisers performing similar services;
additional revenues realized by our Adviser and
its affiliates through their relationship with us, whether paid
by us or by others with whom we do business;
the value of our assets each quarter;
the quality and extent of service and advice
furnished by our Adviser and the performance of our investment
portfolio; and
the quality of our portfolio relative to the
investments generated by our Adviser for its other clients.
Other Transactions with our Adviser and its
Affiliates
Our Adviser may realize substantial
compensation.
Our agreements with our Adviser are not
arms-length agreements.
We may experience competition with our
affiliates for financing transactions.
cash flow from the property;
the effect of the acquisition of the property on
the diversification of each entitys portfolio;
rental payments during any renewal period;
the amount of equity required to make the
investment;
the policies of each entity relating to leverage;
the funds of each entity available for
investment; and
the length of time the funds have been available
for investment and the manner in which the potential investment
can be structured by each entity.
Our Adviser or its affiliates could compete
for the time and services of our officers and
directors.
Number of Shares
Name of Beneficial Owner
Beneficially Owned
Percent of Class (1)
252,000
4.4
%
50,000
*
50,000
*
12,500
*
0
*
0
*
0
*
0
*
0
*
364,500
6.2
%
*
Represents less than 1% of the number of shares
of common stock outstanding upon completion of the offering.
(1)
Does not reflect shares of common stock reserved
for issuance upon exercise of the underwriters
over-allotment option.
(2)
Includes (i) 100,000 shares underlying
options to be granted concurrently with this offering to
Mr. Gladstone that will be immediately exercisable upon
grant and (ii) 100,000 shares that Mr. Gladstone has
expressed to us that he intends to purchase in this offering
under the directed share program (although there can be no
guarantee that he will purchase such shares).
(3)
Reflects 50,000 shares underlying options to be
granted concurrently with this offering to Mr. Brubaker
that will be immediately exercisable upon grant.
(4)
Reflects 50,000 shares underlying options to be
granted concurrently with this offering to Mr. Stelljes
that will be immediately exercisable upon grant.
(5)
Reflects 12,500 shares underlying options to be
granted concurrently with this offering to Mr. Brill that
will be immediately exercisable upon grant.
(6)
Messrs. Dullum, Parker, Adelgren and Coulon
and Ms. English have agreed to join our board of directors
prior to the completion of this offering.
(7)
Includes (i) 212,500 shares underlying
options to be granted to our executive officers concurrently
with this offering, as described more fully in
footnotes (2) through (5) above, and (ii) 100,000
shares of common stock that Mr. Gladstone has expressed to
us that he intends to purchase in this offering under the
directed share program (although there can be no guarantee that
he will purchase such shares).
DESCRIPTION OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK
General
Our authorized capital stock consists of
20,000,000 shares of capital stock, $0.001 par value per share,
all of which is initially designated as common stock. Under our
articles of incorporation, our board of directors is authorized
to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of capital stock
by setting or changing in any one or more respects, from time to
time before issuance of such stock, the preferences, conversion
or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to
dividends, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption
of such stock. Upon completion of this offering (assuming no
exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option),
5,552,000 shares of common stock will be issued and outstanding
and no shares of preferred stock will be issued and outstanding.
The following summary description of our capital stock is not
necessarily complete and is qualified in its entirety by
reference to our articles of incorporation.
Voting Rights of Common Stock
Subject to the provisions of our articles of
incorporation regarding restrictions on the transfer and
ownership of our capital stock, each outstanding share of common
stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted
to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors,
and, except as provided with respect to any other class or
series of capital stock (of which there currently is none), the
holders of the common stock possess the exclusive voting power.
There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors,
which means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding
common stock, voting as a single class, can elect all of the
directors then standing for election and the holders of the
remaining shares are not able to elect any directors.
Dividends, Liquidations and Other
Rights
All shares of common stock offered by this
prospectus will be duly authorized, fully paid and
nonassessable. Holders of our common stock are entitled to
receive dividends when declared by our board of directors out of
assets legally available for the payment of dividends. They also
are entitled to share ratably in our assets legally available
for distribution to our stockholders in the event of our
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, after payment of or
adequate provision for all of our known debts and liabilities.
These rights are subject to the preferential rights of any other
class or series of our shares (of which there currently is none)
and to the provisions of our articles of incorporation regarding
restrictions on transfer of our shares.
Holders of our common stock have no preference,
conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption or appraisal
rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our
securities. Subject to the restrictions on transfer of shares
contained in our articles of incorporation, all shares of common
stock have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights.
Certificates
We will not issue certificates. Shares will be
held in uncertificated form which will eliminate the
physical handling and safekeeping responsibilities inherent in
owning transferable stock certificates and eliminate the need to
return a duly executed stock certificate to the transfer agent
to effect a transfer. Transfers can be effected simply by
mailing to us a duly executed transfer form. Upon the issuance
of our shares, we will send to each stockholder a written
statement which will include all information that is required to
be written upon stock certificates under Maryland law.
Meetings and Special Voting
Requirements
An annual meeting of the stockholders will be
held each May for the purpose of electing the class of directors
whose term is up for election and to conduct other business that
may be before the stockholders. Special meetings of stockholders
may be called only upon the request of a majority of our
directors, a
66
A proposal by our board of directors to amend our
articles of incorporation or to dissolve us requires the
approval at a duly held meeting of our stockholders holding at
least a majority of the shares entitled to vote. Stockholders
may, by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the shares
entitled to vote on such matter, elect to remove a director for
cause. Stockholders do not have the ability to vote to replace
our Adviser or to select a new adviser.
The affirmative vote of a majority of all shares
entitled to vote is required to approve any merger or sale of
substantially all of our assets other than in the ordinary
course of business. The term substantially all as
used in this context is a term used in the Maryland General
Corporate Law. The Maryland General Corporation Law does not
include a definition of substantially all and
Maryland case law suggests that the term be interpreted on a
case-by-case basis. The effect for investors of the Maryland
laws lack of definition is that we cannot provide
investors with a definition for substantially all
and therefore stockholders will not know whether a sale of
assets will constitute a sale of substantially all of the assets
and, therefore, whether they will have the right to approve any
particular sale.
Information Rights
Any stockholder may, during normal business hours
and for any lawful and proper purpose, inspect and copy our
bylaws, minutes of the proceedings of our stockholders, our
annual financial statements and any voting trust agreement that
is on file at our principal office. In addition, one or more
stockholders who together are, and for at least six months have
been, record or beneficial holders of 5% of our common stock are
entitled to inspect a copy of our stockholder list upon written
request. The list will include the name and address of, and the
number of shares owned by, each stockholder and will be
available at our principal office within 20 days of the
stockholders request.
The rights of stockholders described above are in
addition to, and do not adversely affect rights provided to
investors under, Rule 14a-7 promulgated under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which provides that, upon
request of investors and the payment of the expenses of the
distribution, we are required to distribute specific materials
to stockholders in the context of the solicitation of proxies
for voting on matters presented to stockholders, or, at our
option, provide requesting stockholders with a copy of the list
of stockholders so that the requesting stockholders may make the
distribution themselves.
Distributions
Distributions will be paid to investors who are
stockholders as of the record date selected by our board of
directors. Distributions will be paid on a quarterly basis
regardless of the frequency with which such distributions are
declared. We are required to make distributions sufficient to
satisfy the REIT requirements. Generally, income distributed as
distributions will not be taxable to us under federal income tax
laws unless we fail to comply with the REIT requirements.
Distributions will be paid at the discretion of
our board of directors based on our earnings, cash flow and
general financial condition. The directors discretion will
be governed, in substantial part, by their obligation to cause
us to comply with the REIT requirements. Because we may receive
income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal
year, distributions may not reflect our income earned in that
particular distribution period but may be made in anticipation
of cash flow which we expect to receive during a later quarter
and may be made in advance of actual receipt in an attempt to
make distributions relatively uniform. We may borrow to make
distributions if the borrowing is necessary to maintain our
67
We are not prohibited from distributing
securities in lieu of making cash distributions to stockholders,
provided that the securities distributed to stockholders are
readily marketable. Stockholders who receive marketable
securities in lieu of cash distributions may incur transaction
expenses in liquidating the securities. For additional
information with respect to distributions, see the
Distribution Policy section of this prospectus.
Repurchases of Excess Shares
We have the authority to redeem excess
shares (as defined in our articles of incorporation)
immediately upon becoming aware of the existence of excess
shares or after giving the holder of the excess shares
30 days to transfer the excess shares to a person whose
ownership of such shares would not exceed the ownership limit
and, therefore such shares would no longer be considered excess
shares. The price paid upon redemption by us shall be the lesser
of the price paid for such excess shares by the stockholder
holding the excess shares or the fair market value of the excess
shares. We may purchase excess shares or otherwise repurchase
shares if the repurchase does not impair our capital or
operations. For additional information regarding excess shares,
see Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of our Articles
of Incorporation and Bylaws Restrictions on
Ownership of Shares.
68
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW
AND
The following description of certain
provisions of Maryland law and of our articles of incorporation
and bylaws is only a summary. For a complete description, we
refer you to the Maryland General Corporation Law, our articles
of incorporation and our bylaws. We have filed our articles of
incorporation and bylaws as exhibits to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Classification of our Board of
Directors
Pursuant to our bylaws, upon completion of this
offering, our board of directors will be divided into three
classes of directors. Directors of each class are elected for a
three-year term, and each year one class of directors will be
elected by the stockholders. The initial terms of the
Class I, Class II and Class III directors will expire
in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively, and when their respective
successors are duly elected and qualify. Any director elected to
fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of
the class in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is
elected and qualifies. We believe that classification of our
board of directors helps to assure the continuity and stability
of our business strategies and policies as determined by our
directors. Holders of shares of our common stock have no right
to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Consequently,
at each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of a
majority of the common stock are able to elect all of the
successors of the class of directors whose terms expire at that
meeting.
Our classified board could have the effect of
making the replacement of incumbent directors more time
consuming and difficult. At least two annual meetings of
stockholders, instead of one, will generally be required to
effect a change in a majority of our board of directors. Thus,
our classified board could increase the likelihood that
incumbent directors will retain their positions. The staggered
terms of directors may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or
an attempt to change control of us or another transaction that
might involve a premium price for our common stock that might be
in the best interest of our stockholders.
Removal of Directors
Any director may be removed only for cause by the
stockholders upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of
all the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting called for the
purpose of the proposed removal. The notice of the meeting shall
indicate that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the
meeting is to determine if the director shall be removed.
Restrictions on Ownership of Shares
In order for us to qualify as a REIT, not more
than 50% of our outstanding shares may be owned by any five or
fewer individuals (including some tax-exempt entities) during
the last half of each taxable year, and the outstanding shares
must be owned by 100 or more persons independent of us and each
other during at least 335 days of a 12-month taxable year
or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year for
which an election to be treated as a REIT is made. We may
prohibit certain acquisitions and transfers of shares so as to
facilitate our continued qualification as a REIT under the
Internal Revenue Code. However, there can be no assurance that
this prohibition will be effective.
Our articles of incorporation, in order to assist
our board of directors in preserving our status as a REIT,
contain an ownership limit which prohibits any person or group
of persons from acquiring, directly or indirectly, beneficial
ownership of more than 9.8% of our outstanding shares of capital
stock. Shares owned by a person or a group of persons in excess
of the ownership limit are deemed excess shares.
Shares owned by a person who individually owns of record less
than 9.8% of outstanding shares may nevertheless be excess
shares if the person is deemed part of a group for purposes of
this restriction.
Our articles of incorporation stipulate that any
purported issuance or transfer of shares shall be valid only
with respect to those shares that do not result in the
transferee-stockholder owning shares in excess of
69
The ownership limit does not apply to offerors
which, in accordance with applicable federal and state
securities laws, make a cash tender offer, where at least 90% of
the outstanding shares of our common stock (not including shares
or subsequently issued securities convertible into common stock
which are held by the tender offeror and any
affiliates or associates thereof within
the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are duly
tendered and accepted pursuant to the cash tender offer. The
ownership limit also does not apply to the underwriter in a
public offering of our shares. The ownership limit also does not
apply to a person or persons which our directors so exempt from
the ownership limit upon appropriate assurances that our
qualification as a REIT is not jeopardized.
Business Combinations
Maryland law prohibits business
combinations between us and an interested stockholder or
an affiliate of an interested stockholder for five years after
the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes
an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a
merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances
specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or
reclassification of equity securities. Maryland law defines an
interested stockholder as:
A person is not an interested stockholder if our
board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which
the person otherwise would have become an interested
stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, our board of
directors may provide that its approval is subject to
compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and
conditions determined by our board of directors.
After the five-year prohibition, any business
combination between us and an interested stockholder generally
must be recommended by our board of directors and approved by
the affirmative vote of at least:
These super-majority vote requirements do not
apply if our common stockholders receive a minimum price, as
defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash
or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by
the interested stockholder for its shares. The statute permits
various exemptions from its provisions, including business
combinations that are exempted by our board of directors before
the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested
stockholder. The business combination statute may discourage
others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the
difficulty of consummating any offer.
Merger; Amendment of Articles of
Incorporation
Under Maryland law, we will not be able to amend
our articles of incorporation or merge with another entity
unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding
at least a majority of the shares entitled to vote on the
matter. As permitted by Maryland law, our articles of
incorporation contain a provision permitting our directors,
without any action by our stockholders, to amend the articles of
incorporation to increase or decrease the aggregate number of
shares of stock or the number of shares of any class of stock
that we have authority to issue.
70
Operations
We generally are prohibited from engaging in
certain activities, including acquiring or holding property or
engaging in any activity that would cause us to fail to qualify
as a REIT.
Term and Termination
Our articles of incorporation provide for us to
have a perpetual existence. Pursuant to our articles of
incorporation, and subject to the provisions of any of our
classes or series of stock then outstanding and the approval by
a majority of the entire board of directors, our stockholders,
at any meeting thereof, by the affirmative vote of a majority of
all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, may approve
a plan of liquidation and dissolution.
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New
Business
Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an
annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for
election to our board of directors and the proposal of business
to be considered by stockholders at the annual meeting may be
made only:
With respect to special meetings of stockholders,
only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be
brought before the meeting of stockholders and nominations of
persons for election to our board of directors may be made only:
Power to Issue Additional Shares
We currently do not intend to issue any
securities other than the shares described in this prospectus
and the shares issuable under the 2003 Plan, although we may do
so at any time, including upon the redemption of limited
partnership interests that we may issue in connection with
acquisitions of real property. We believe that the power to
issue additional shares of stock and to classify or reclassify
unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and
thereafter to issue the classified or reclassified shares
provides us with increased flexibility in structuring possible
future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs
which might arise. These actions can be taken without
stockholder approval, unless stockholder approval is required by
applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated
quotation system on which our securities may be listed or
traded. Although we have no present intention of doing so, we
could issue a class or series of shares that could delay, defer
or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might
involve a premium price for holders of common stock or otherwise
be in their best interest.
Control Share Acquisitions
Maryland law provides that control
shares of a corporation acquired in a control share
acquisition have no voting rights unless the
corporations stockholders approve such voting rights by a
vote of two-
71
Control shares do not include shares the
acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having
previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share
acquisition means the acquisition of control shares,
subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a
control share acquisition may compel our board of directors to
call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within
50 days to consider the voting rights of the shares. The
right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to
the satisfaction of certain conditions, including providing a
statement to us detailing, among other things, the acquiring
persons identity and stock ownership and an undertaking to
pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is
made, we may present the question at any stockholders
meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the
stockholders meeting or if the acquiring person does not
deliver the statement required by Maryland law, then, subject to
certain conditions and limitations, we may redeem any or all of
the control shares, except those for which voting rights have
previously been approved, at the fair market value of such
shares. The control share acquisition statute does not apply to
shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if
we are a party to the transaction, nor does it apply to
acquisitions approved or exempted by our articles of
incorporation or bylaws.
Possible Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain
Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Articles of Incorporation
and Bylaws
The business combination provisions and the
control share acquisition provisions of Maryland law, the
provisions of our bylaws regarding the classification of our
board of directors and the restrictions on the transfer of stock
and the advance notice provisions of our bylaws could have the
effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a
change in the control that might involve a premium price for
holders of common stock or otherwise be in their best interest.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Upon completion of this offering, 5,552,000
shares of our common stock will be outstanding, based on the
number of shares outstanding on August 8, 2003 and assuming
no exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option and
without giving effect to the potential exercise of any options
by our officers and directors. Of these shares, the 5,500,000
shares of our common stock sold in this offering will be freely
tradable without restriction or limitation under the Securities
Act, with the exception of any shares purchased in the directed
share offering and any additional shares purchased by our
affiliates. Shares of our common stock purchased in the directed
share offering will be restricted from resale for a period of
180 days following the completion of this offering. In
addition, any shares of common stock purchased by our affiliates
in this offering will be subject to the manner of sale and
volume limitations of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities
Act. In addition, the remaining 52,000 shares of common stock
held by David Gladstone, our chairman and chief executive
officer, prior to this offering, will be subject to a lockup
agreement in favor of the underwriters which generally provides
that he shall not sell, offer to sell, contract to sell,
hypothecate, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of,
directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our
common stock
72
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN
Pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan, if
your shares of our common stock are registered in your own name
you can have all distributions reinvested in additional shares
of our common stock by The Bank of New York, the plan agent, if
you enroll in the reinvestment plan by delivering an
authorization form to the plan agent prior to the corresponding
dividend declaration date. The plan agent will effect purchases
of our common stock under the reinvestment plan in the open
market. If you do not elect to participate in the reinvestment
plan, you will receive all distributions in cash paid by check
mailed directly to you (or if you hold your shares in street or
other nominee name, then to your nominee) as of the relevant
record date, by the plan agent, as our dividend disbursing
agent. If your shares are held in the name of a broker or
nominee or if you are transferring such an account to a new
broker or nominee, you should contact the broker or nominee to
determine whether and how they may participate in the
reinvestment plan.
The plan agent serves as agent for the holders of
our common stock in administering the reinvestment plan. After
we declare a dividend, the plan agent will, as agent for the
participants, receive the cash payment and use it to buy shares
of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market or elsewhere
for the participants accounts. The price of the shares
will be the average market price at which such shares were
purchased by the plan agent.
Participants in the reinvestment plan may
withdraw from the reinvestment plan upon written notice to the
plan agent. Such withdrawal will be effective immediately if
received not less than ten days prior to a dividend record date;
otherwise, it will be effective the day after the related
dividend distribution date. When a participant withdraws from
the reinvestment plan or upon termination of the reinvestment
plan as provided below, certificates for whole shares of common
stock credited to his or her account under the reinvestment plan
will be issued and a cash payment will be made for any
fractional share of common stock credited to such account.
The plan agent will maintain each
participants account in the reinvestment plan and will
furnish quarterly written confirmations of all transactions in
such account, including information needed by the stockholder
for personal and tax records. Common stock in the account of
each reinvestment plan participant will be held by the plan
agent in non-certificated form in the name of such participant.
Proxy materials relating to our stockholders meetings will
include those shares purchased as well as shares held pursuant
to the reinvestment plan.
In the case of participants who beneficially own
shares that are held in the name of banks, brokers or other
nominees, the plan agent will administer the reinvestment plan
on the basis of the number of shares of common stock certified
from time to time by the record holders as the amount held for
the account of such beneficial owners. Shares of our common
stock may be purchased by the plan agent through any of the
underwriters, acting as broker or, after the completion of this
offering, as a dealer.
We will pay the plan agents fees for the
handling or reinvestment of dividends and other distributions.
Each participant in the reinvestment plan will pay a pro rata
share of brokerage commissions incurred with respect to the plan
agents open market purchases in connection with the
reinvestment of distributions. There are no other charges to
participants for reinvesting distributions.
Distributions are taxable whether paid in cash or
reinvested in additional shares, and the reinvestment of
distributions pursuant to the reinvestment plan will not relieve
participants of any federal or state income tax that may be
payable or required to be withheld on such distributions.
Experience under the reinvestment plan may
indicate that changes are desirable. Accordingly, we reserve the
right to amend or terminate the reinvestment plan as applied to
any distribution paid
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OUR OPERATING PARTNERSHIP
Overview
We will conduct substantially all of our
activities through, and substantially all of our properties will
be held directly or indirectly by, our Operating Partnership,
which was formed in May 2003 to acquire, own and operate
properties on our behalf. We will control our Operating
Partnership as its sole general partner, and through our
wholly-owned subsidiary, Gladstone Commercial Partners, LLC, we
will also initially own all limited partnership units of our
Operating Partnership. We expect our Operating Partnership to
issue limited partnership units from time to time in exchange
for real property or mortgage loans. Limited partners who hold
limited partnership units in our Operating Partnership will be
entitled to redeem these units for cash or, at our election,
shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis at any time
after the first anniversary of the completion of this offering.
Our board of directors and our Adviser will
manage the affairs of our Operating Partnership by directing its
affairs as general partner of our Operating Partnership. In
turn, our Operating Partnership will pay the advisory fees of
our Adviser. Whenever we issue common or preferred stock for
cash, we will be obligated to contribute any net proceeds we
receive therefrom to our Operating Partnership, and our
Operating Partnership will be obligated to issue an equivalent
number of units to us. Our limited and general partnership
interests in our Operating Partnership will entitle us to share
in cash distributions from, and in the profits and losses of,
our Operating Partnership in proportion to our percentage
interests therein and will entitle us to vote on all matters
requiring a vote of the limited partners.
Generally, pursuant to the terms of the limited
partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership and
provisions of Delaware law, we, as the sole general partner,
will have the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business
of our Operating Partnership and will otherwise have the rights
and powers permitted to the general partner of a Delaware
limited partnership. In addition to the rights specifically
described in this prospectus, the holders of units in our
Operating Partnership will have such rights and powers as are
reserved to limited partners under Delaware law, but generally
will have no authority to transact business for or participate
in the management activities or decisions of our Operating
Partnership. The limited partners do not have the right to
remove us as general partner.
Limited partners of our Operating Partnership may
only transfer units with our consent and in compliance with
applicable regulations and other restrictions set forth in the
limited partnership agreement. A transferee of units will be
admitted to our Operating Partnership as a substitute limited
partner only with our consent. The limited partnership agreement
permits us to cause our Operating Partnership to issue
additional units without the consent of the limited partners.
Our structure of conducting our business through
our Operating Partnership is commonly called an Umbrella
Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust, or UPREIT, structure,
which is utilized generally to provide for the acquisition of
real property from owners who desire to defer taxable gain that
would otherwise be recognized by them upon the disposition of
their property. These owners may also desire to achieve
diversity in their investment and other benefits afforded to
owners of stock in a REIT. For purposes of satisfying the asset
and income tests for qualification as a REIT for tax purposes,
the REITs proportionate share of the assets and income of
an UPREIT partnership, such as our Operating Partnership, will
be deemed to be assets and income of the REIT.
A property owner may contribute property to an
UPREIT partnership in exchange for limited partnership units on
a tax-deferred basis. In addition, our Operating Partnership is
structured to make
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Comparison of Common Stock and Units
Conducting our operations through our Operating
Partnership will allow those who sell property to us to defer
certain tax consequences by contributing their economic
interests to our Operating Partnership in exchange for limited
partnership units, rather than contributing their interests to
us in exchange for cash or shares of our common stock in fully
taxable transactions. Upon completion of this offering, we will
hold units of interest in our Operating Partnership. Each unit
is designed to result in a distribution per unit equal to a
distribution per share of our common stock. After one year
following completion of this offering, limited partners other
than our subsidiaries may redeem each partnership unit then held
by them for an amount of cash equal to the then-quoted market
price of our common stock or, at our option, one share of our
common stock (subject to certain antidilution adjustments and
certain limitations on exchange to preserve our status as a
REIT). The following is a comparison of the ownership of our
common stock and units of our Operating Partnership with respect
to voting rights and transferability:
Partnership Agreement
The partnership agreement requires that our
Operating Partnership be operated in a manner that enables us to
satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT, to
avoid any federal income or excise tax liability imposed by the
Internal Revenue Code (other than any federal income tax
liability associated with our retained capital gains) and to
ensure that our Operating Partnership will not be classified as
a publicly traded partnership taxable as a
corporation under Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code.
The following summary of the limited partnership
agreement of our Operating Partnership and the description of
certain provisions thereof set forth elsewhere in this
prospectus are qualified in their entirety by reference to the
limited partnership agreement.
Management
Under the terms of the partnership agreement, as
the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership, we have,
subject to certain protective rights of limited partners
described below, full, exclusive and complete responsibility and
discretion in the management, operation and control of the
partnership, including the ability to cause the partnership to
enter into certain major transactions including acquisitions,
dispositions, refinancings and selection of tenants and to cause
changes in the partnerships line of business and
distribution policies. We are in turn managed by our Adviser,
which will have responsibility for all aspects of our
operations, including the management of our Operating
Partnership.
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The affirmative vote of the general partner and
at least a majority of the partnership units is required for a
sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the
partnership, to approve a merger or consolidation of the
partnership or to amend the partnership agreement. Upon
completion of this offering and the formation transactions, we
will own a 100% interest in the partnership.
Transferability of Interests
We may not voluntarily withdraw as the general
partner of our Operating Partnership, engage in any merger,
consolidation or other business combination or transfer or
assign our interest in our Operating Partnership (except to a
wholly owned subsidiary) unless the transaction in which such
withdrawal, business combination or transfer occurs results in
the limited partners receiving or having the right to receive
cash, securities or other property in an amount equal to the
amount they would have received had they exercised their
redemption rights immediately prior to such transaction, or
unless, in the case of a merger or other business combination,
our successor contributes substantially all of its assets to our
Operating Partnership in return for a general partnership
interest in our Operating Partnership. We may also enter into a
business combination or transfer our general partnership
interest upon the receipt of the consent of a majority in
interest of the limited partners of the Operating Partnership.
With certain limited exceptions, the limited partners may not
transfer their interests in our Operating Partnership, in whole
or in part, without our written consent, which consent we may
withhold in our sole discretion. We may not consent to any
transfer that would cause our Operating Partnership to be
treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.
Capital Contributions and Additional
Units
We will contribute to our Operating Partnership
substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering as a
capital contribution in exchange for limited partnership
interests. The partnership agreement permits us, without the
consent of the limited partners, to cause the issuance of
additional partnership units in return for future capital
contributions by third parties. The partnership agreement
provides that if our Operating Partnership requires additional
funds at any time in excess of funds available to our Operating
Partnership from borrowing or capital contributions, we may
borrow such funds from a financial institution or other lender
and lend such funds to our Operating Partnership on the same
terms and conditions as are applicable to our borrowing of such
funds. Under the partnership agreement, we are obligated to
contribute the proceeds of any offering of shares of capital
stock as additional capital to our Operating Partnership. If we
contribute additional capital to our Operating Partnership, we
will receive additional partnership units and our percentage
interest will be increased on a proportionate basis based upon
the amount of such additional capital contributions and the
value of our Operating Partnership at the time of such
contributions. Conversely, the percentage interests of the
limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis in
the event of additional capital contributions by us. In
addition, if we contribute additional capital to our Operating
Partnership, we will revalue the property of our Operating
Partnership to its fair market value (as determined by us) and
the capital accounts of the partners will be adjusted to reflect
the manner in which the unrealized gain or loss inherent in such
property (that has not been reflected in the capital accounts
previously) would be allocated among the partners under the
terms of the partnership agreement if there were a taxable
disposition of such property for such fair market value on the
date of the revaluation. Our Operating Partnership may issue
preferred partnership interests, in connection with acquisitions
of property or otherwise, which could have priority over common
partnership interests with respect to distributions from our
Operating Partnership, including the partnership interests we
own as general partner.
Redemption Rights
The limited partners of our Operating
Partnership, other than any of our subsidiaries, such as
Gladstone Commercial Partners, LLC, have the right to cause
their limited partnership units to be redeemed by our Operating
Partnership for cash or, at our election, shares of our common
stock on a one-for-one basis. In the event that the partnership
units are redeemed for cash, the cash amount to be paid
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Subject to the foregoing, limited partners of our
Operating Partnership may exercise their redemption rights at
any time after one year following the completion of this
offering. However, a limited partner may not deliver more than
two redemption notices in any calendar year and may not exercise
a redemption right for less than 1,000 limited partnership
units, unless such limited partner holds less than 1,000 units,
in which case he must exercise his redemption right for all of
his units. We do not expect to issue any of the shares of common
stock offered hereby to limited partners of our Operating
Partnership in redemption of their limited partnership units.
Rather, in the event a limited partner of our Operating
Partnership exercises its redemption rights, and we elect to
purchase the limited partnership units with shares of our common
stock, we expect to issue new unregistered shares of common
stock in connection with such transaction.
If we redeem any shares of our common stock or
shares of any series of preferred stock that we may issue, then
our Operating Partnership will redeem, for the same cash amount
as paid in such redemption, the same number of units of
partnership interest held by us or our subsidiaries
corresponding to the shares we redeem.
Distributions
The partnership agreement provides that our
Operating Partnership will distribute cash flow from operations
to the limited partners of our Operating Partnership in
accordance with their relative percentage interests on at least
a quarterly basis in amounts determined by us, such that a
holder of one unit of limited partnership interest in our
Operating Partnership will receive the same amount of annual
cash flow distributions from our Operating Partnership as the
amount of annual distributions paid to the holder of one of our
shares of common stock. Remaining cash from operations will be
distributed to us as the general partner to enable us to make
distributions to our stockholders.
Allocations and Tax Matters
The partnership agreement of our Operating
Partnership provides that taxable income is allocated to the
limited partners of our Operating Partnership in accordance with
their relative percentage interests such that a holder of one
unit of limited partnership interest in our Operating
Partnership will be allocated taxable income for each taxable
year in an amount equal to the amount of taxable income to be
recognized by a holder of one of our shares, subject to
compliance with the provisions of Section 704(b) and 704(c)
of the Internal Revenue Code and corresponding Treasury
Regulations. Losses, if any, will generally be allocated among
the partners in accordance with their respective percentage
interests in our Operating Partnership.
Upon the liquidation of our Operating
Partnership, after payment of debts and obligations, any
remaining assets of our Operating Partnership will be
distributed to partners with positive capital accounts on a pro
rata basis in accordance with their respective positive capital
account balances. If we were to have a negative balance in our
capital account following a liquidation, we, as general partner
of the Operating Partnership, would be obligated to contribute
cash to our Operating Partnership equal to such negative balance
for distribution to other partners, if any, having positive
balances in such capital accounts.
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We will be the tax matters partner of our
Operating Partnership and, as such, will have authority to
handle tax audits and to make tax elections under the Internal
Revenue Code on behalf of our Operating Partnership.
Term
Our Operating Partnership will continue until
December 31, 2075, or until sooner dissolved upon:
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OUR STATUS
AS A REIT
This section summarizes the material federal
income tax issues that you, as a stockholder, may consider
relevant with respect to an investment in our common stock
offered by this prospectus. Because this section is a summary,
it does not address all of the tax issues that may be important
to you and should not be considered to be tax advice. In
addition, this discussion does not address all aspects of
taxation that may be relevant to particular stockholders in
light of their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to
certain types of stockholders that are subject to special
treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as:
Furthermore, no state, local or foreign tax
considerations are addressed in this summary. The federal income
tax treatment of REITs is highly technical and complex. The
statements in this section and the opinion of Cooley Godward LLP
(described below) are based on provisions of the Code, as well
as Treasury regulations, administrative rulings and judicial
decisions thereunder, all of which are subject to change
(possibly with retroactive effect) or to different
interpretations. No ruling from the IRS has been or will be
requested with respect to any of the tax matters discussed
herein.
We urge you to consult your own tax adviser
regarding the specific tax consequences to you of ownership of
our common stock and of our election to be taxed as a
REIT.
Taxation of Gladstone Commercial
Corporation
We intend to conduct our operations in a manner
that will permit us to qualify as and elect to be treated as a
REIT for federal income tax purposes for the year ending
December 31, 2003. We have not requested a ruling from the
Internal Revenue Service as to our qualification as a REIT, and
no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as
to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT.
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We have obtained an opinion from Cooley Godward
LLP to the effect that, for federal income tax purposes, we will
qualify as a REIT, provided that we operate in the manner
described in this prospectus and in accordance with the
representations set forth in this prospectus and provided that
we satisfy the share ownership, income, asset and distribution
tests described below.
In addition to the limitations, assumptions and
qualifications set forth herein, investors should be aware that
Cooley Godwards opinion is based upon customary
assumptions and qualifications set forth in such opinion, is
conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to
factual matters, including representations regarding the nature
of our properties and the conduct of our business, and is not
binding upon the Internal Revenue Service or any court.
Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon
our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual
operating results, certain qualification tests set forth in the
federal tax laws. Those qualification tests involve the
percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the
percentage of our assets that falls within specified categories,
the diversity of our share ownership, and the percentage of our
earnings that we distribute. Cooley Godward LLP will not review
our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis.
Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results
of our operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy
such requirements. For a discussion of the tax consequences of
our failure to qualify as a REIT, see Failure to
Qualify.
If we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be
subject to federal income tax on the taxable income that we
distribute to our stockholders. The benefit of that tax
treatment is that it avoids the double taxation, or
taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels, that
generally results under current law from owning shares in a
corporation. However, we will be required to pay federal income
tax in the following circumstances:
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Requirements for Qualification
A REIT is a corporation, trust or association
that meets each of the following requirements:
We must meet requirements 1 through 4 during our
entire taxable year and must meet requirement 5 during at least
335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a
proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. If
we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining the
ownership of our outstanding shares in a taxable year and have
no reason to know that we violated requirement 6, we will be
deemed to have satisfied requirement 6 for that taxable year.
For purposes of determining share ownership under requirement 6,
an individual generally includes a supplemental
unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation,
or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used
exclusively for charitable purposes. An individual,
however, generally does not include a trust that is a qualified
employee pension or profit sharing trust under the federal
income tax laws, and beneficiaries of
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We have satisfied requirements 1 through 4. Upon
the completion of this offering, we will have issued sufficient
shares of common stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to
satisfy requirements 5 and 6 above. In addition, our articles of
incorporation restrict the ownership and transfer of our shares
of capital stock so that we should continue to satisfy these
requirements. The provisions of our articles of incorporation
restricting the ownership and transfer of the shares of common
stock are described in Certain Provisions of Maryland Law
and of our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
Restrictions on Ownership of Shares. We will timely make
the election described in 7, above, in the manner required by
Treasury Department regulations.
For purposes of satisfying the various REIT
qualification requirements, including the income and asset tests
described below, some or all of the activities, income and
assets of qualified REIT subsidiaries and partnerships we own
will be treated as our activities, income and assets.
A corporation that is a qualified REIT
subsidiary is not treated as a corporation separate from
its parent REIT. All assets, liabilities, and items of income,
deduction, and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary
are treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income,
deduction, and credit of the REIT. A qualified REIT
subsidiary is a corporation that has not elected to be
treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary, all of the capital stock
of which is owned by the REIT. Thus, in applying the
requirements described herein, any qualified REIT
subsidiary that we own will be ignored, and all assets,
liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of such
subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items
of income, deduction, and credit and our ownership of the stock
of such subsidiary will not violate the REIT asset tests
discussed below.
Similarly, in the case of a REIT that is a
partner in a partnership that has other partners, the REIT is
treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the
partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross
income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT
qualification tests. Thus, our proportionate share of the
assets, liabilities and items of income of our Operating
Partnership and any other partnership, joint venture, or limited
liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal
income tax purposes in which we acquire an interest, directly or
indirectly, will be treated as our assets and gross income for
purposes of applying the various REIT qualification requirements.
Income Tests
We must satisfy two gross income tests annually
to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of
our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited
transactions, for each taxable year must consist of defined
types of income that we derive, directly or indirectly, from
investments relating to real property or mortgages on real
property or qualified temporary investment income. Qualifying
income for purposes of that 75% gross income test generally
includes:
Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross
income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, for
each taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of
interest and dividends, gains from the sale or disposition of
stock or
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Rents from Real
Property.
Rent that we receive from a
tenant will qualify as rents from real property,
which is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross
income tests, only if the following conditions are met.
First, the rent must not be based in whole or in
part on the income or profits of any person. Participating rent,
however, will qualify as rents from real property if
it is based on percentages of gross receipts or sales and the
percentages:
More generally, the rent will not qualify as
rents from real property if, considering the leases
and all the surrounding circumstances, the arrangement does not
conform with normal business practices, but is in reality used
as a means of basing the rent on income or profits. We will not
charge rent for any property that is based in whole or in part
on the income or profits of any person, except by reason of
being based on a fixed percentage of gross revenues, as
described above.
Second, we must not own, actually or
constructively, 10% or more of the stock (by vote or value) or
the assets or net profits of any tenant (a related party
tenant) other than a taxable REIT subsidiary
or TRS. See Other Tax Consequences
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. In addition, the constructive
ownership rules generally provide that, if 10% or more in value
of our shares is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for any
person, we are considered as owning the stock owned, directly or
indirectly, by or for such person. Because the constructive
ownership rules are broad and it is not possible to continually
monitor direct and indirect transfers of our shares, no absolute
assurance can be given that such transfers or other events of
which we have no knowledge will not cause us to own
constructively 10% or more of a tenant other than a TRS at some
future date.
As described above, we may own up to 100% of the
stock of one or more TRSs. As an exception to the related party
tenant rule described in the preceding paragraph, rent that we
receive from a TRS will qualify as rents from real
property as long as (1) the TRS is a qualifying TRS
(see Other Tax Consequences Taxable REIT
Subsidiaries), (2) at least 90% of the leased space
in the property is leased to persons other than TRSs and related
party tenants, and (3) the amount paid by the TRS to rent
space at the property is substantially comparable to rents paid
by other tenants of the property for comparable space.
Third, the rent attributable to the personal
property leased in connection with the lease of a property must
not be greater than 15% of the total rent received under the
lease. The rent attributable to the personal property contained
in a property is the amount that bears the same ratio to total
rent for the property in the taxable year as the average of the
fair market values of the personal property at the beginning and
at the end of the taxable year bears to the average of the
aggregate fair market values of both the real and personal
property contained in the property at the beginning and at the
end of such taxable year (the personal property
ratio). We believe that the personal property ratio of the
properties that we intend to acquire will be less than 15% or
that any income attributable to excess personal property will
not jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT. There can be no
assurance, however, that the Internal Revenue Service would not
challenge our calculation of a personal property ratio, or that
a court would not uphold such assertion. If such a challenge
were successfully asserted, we could fail to satisfy the 75% or
95% gross income test and thus lose our REIT status.
Fourth, we cannot furnish or render noncustomary
services to the tenants of our properties, or manage or operate
our properties, other than through an independent contractor who
is adequately compensated and from whom we do not derive or
receive any income. However, we may provide services directly to
our
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If a portion of the rent that we receive from a
property does not qualify as rents from real
property because the rent attributable to personal
property exceeds 15% of the total rent for a taxable year, only
that portion of the rent that is attributable to personal
property will not be qualifying income for purposes of either
the 75% or 95% gross income test. Thus, if such rent
attributable to personal property, plus any other income that is
nonqualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test,
during a taxable year exceeds 5% of our gross income during the
year, we would lose our REIT status. If, however, the rent from
a particular property does not qualify as rents from real
property because either (1) the rent is considered
based on the income or profits of the related tenant,
(2) the tenant either is a related party tenant or fails to
qualify for the exception to the related party tenant rule for
qualifying TRSs, or (3) we furnish noncustomary services to
the tenants of the property, or manage or operate the property,
other than through a qualifying independent contractor or a TRS,
none of the rent from that property would qualify as rents
from real property. In that case, we might lose our REIT
status because we would be unable to satisfy either the 75% or
95% gross income test.
In addition to rent, our tenants will be required
to pay certain additional charges. To the extent that such
additional charges represent reimbursements of amounts that we
are obligated to pay to third parties, such as a tenants
proportionate share of a propertys operational or capital
expenses, such amounts are not included in gross income for
purposes of the income tests because reimbursements are
essentially loan repayments. Penalties for nonpayment or late
payment of such amounts may also be excluded from gross income.
However, to the extent that such charges are not excluded from
gross income, they instead should be treated as interest that
qualifies for the 95% gross income test.
Interest.
The term
interest generally does not include any amount
received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the
determination of such amount depends in whole or in part on the
income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or
accrued generally will not be excluded from the term
interest solely by being based on a fixed percentage
or percentages of gross receipts or sales. Furthermore, to the
extent that interest from a loan that is based on the residual
cash proceeds from the sale of the property securing the loan
constitutes a shared appreciation provision, income
attributable to such participation feature will be treated as
gain from the sale of the secured property.
Prohibited
Transactions.
A REIT will incur a 100%
tax on the net income derived from any sale or other disposition
of property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT
holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
a trade or business. We believe that none of our assets will be
held primarily for sale to customers and that a sale of any of
our assets will not be in the ordinary course of our business.
Whether a REIT holds an asset primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business
depends, however, on the facts and circumstances surrounding a
particular transaction. Nevertheless, we will attempt to comply
with the terms of safe-harbor provisions in the federal income
tax laws prescribing when an asset sale will not be
characterized as a prohibited transaction. We cannot assure you,
however, that we can comply with the safe-harbor provisions or
that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as
property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of a trade or business.
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Foreclosure
Property.
We will be subject to tax at
the maximum corporate rate on any income from foreclosure
property, other than income that otherwise would be qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses
directly connected with the production of that income. However,
gross income from foreclosure property will qualify under the
75% and 95% gross income tests. Foreclosure property generally
is any real property, including interests in real property, and
any personal property incident to such real property:
Hedging
Transactions.
From time to time, we or
our Operating Partnership may enter into hedging transactions
with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our
hedging activities may include entering into interest rate
swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase such items, and
futures and forward contracts. To the extent that we or our
Operating Partnership enter into an interest rate swap or cap
contract, option, futures contract, forward rate agreement, or
any similar financial instrument to hedge our indebtedness
incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets, any
periodic income or gain from the disposition of such contract
should be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income
test, but not the 75% gross income test. To the extent that we
or our Operating Partnership hedges with other types of
financial instruments, or in other situations, it is not
entirely clear how the income from those transactions will be
treated for purposes of the gross income tests. We intend to
structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not
jeopardize our status as a REIT.
Failure to Satisfy Gross Income
Tests.
If we fail to satisfy one or
both of the gross income tests for any taxable year, we
nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for that year if we qualify
for relief under certain provisions of the federal income tax
laws. Those relief provisions generally will be available if:
We cannot predict, however, whether in all
circumstances we would qualify for the relief provisions. In
addition, as discussed above in Taxation of Gladstone
Commercial Corporation, even if the relief provisions
apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross income
attributable to the greater of the amounts by which we fail the
75% and 95% gross income tests (substituting 90% for 95%, for
purposes of calculating the amount by which the 95% test is
failed), multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our
profitability.
Asset Tests
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we also
must satisfy the following asset tests at the end of each
quarter of each taxable year. First, at least 75% of the value
of our total assets, including assets held by any qualified REIT
subsidiaries and our allocable share of the assets held by any
partnerships or limited liability companies in which we hold an
interest, must consist of:
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Second, of our investments not included in the
75% asset class, the value of our interest in any one
issuers securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our
total assets. Third, we may not own more than 10% of the voting
power or value of any one issuers outstanding securities.
Fourth, no more than 20% of the value of our total assets may
consist of the securities of one or more TRSs. Fifth, no more
than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the
securities of TRSs and other assets that are not qualifying
assets for purposes of the 75% asset test.
For purposes of the second and third asset tests,
the term securities does not include stock in
another REIT, equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT
subsidiary or a TRS, mortgage loans that constitute real estate
assets, or equity interests in a partnership. The term
securities, however, generally includes debt
securities issued by a partnership or another REIT, except that
certain straight debt securities are not treated as
securities for purposes of the 10% value test (for
example, qualifying debt securities of a corporation of which we
own no equity interest or of a partnership if we own at least a
20% profits interest in the partnership).
We will monitor the status of our assets for
purposes of the various asset tests and will manage our
portfolio in order to comply at all times with such tests. If we
fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar
quarter, we will not lose our REIT status if:
If we did not satisfy the condition described in
the second item above, we still could avoid disqualification by
eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of
the calendar quarter in which it arose.
Distribution Requirements
Each taxable year, we must distribute dividends,
other than capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of
retained capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate
amount at least equal to:
We must pay such distributions in the taxable
year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if
we declare the distribution before we timely file our federal
income tax return for the year and pay the distribution on or
before the first regular dividend payment date after such
declaration.
We will pay federal income tax on taxable income,
including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to
stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a
calendar year, or by the end of January following the calendar
year in the case of distributions with declaration and record
dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, at
least the sum of:
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then we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax
on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts we
actually distribute. We may elect to retain and pay income tax
on the net long-term capital gain we receive in a taxable year.
See Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders. If we so
elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such
retained amount for purposes of the 4% excise tax described
above. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to
satisfy the annual distribution requirements and to avoid
corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax.
It is possible that, from time to time, we may
experience timing differences between the actual receipt of
income and actual payment of deductible expenses and the
inclusion of that income and deduction of such expenses in
arriving at our REIT taxable income. For example, we may not
deduct recognized capital losses from our REIT taxable
income. Further, it is possible that, from time to time,
we may be allocated a share of net capital gain attributable to
the sale of depreciated property that exceeds our allocable
share of cash attributable to that sale. As a result of the
foregoing, we may have less cash than is necessary to distribute
all of our taxable income and thereby avoid corporate income tax
and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income. In
such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or issue
additional shares of capital stock in order to make
distributions necessary to maintain our REIT status.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to
correct a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a
year by paying deficiency dividends to our
stockholders in a later year. We may include such deficiency
dividends in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier
year. Although we may be able to avoid income tax on amounts
distributed as deficiency dividends, we will be required to pay
interest to the Internal Revenue Service based upon the amount
of any deduction we take for deficiency dividends.
Recordkeeping Requirements
We must maintain certain records in order to
qualify as a REIT. In addition, to avoid a monetary penalty, we
must request on an annual basis information from our
stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our
outstanding shares of capital stock. We intend to comply with
these requirements. Any record stockholder who, upon our
request, does not provide us with required information
concerning actual ownership of the shares is required to include
specified information relating to his, her or its or its shares
in his, her or its or its federal income tax return. We also
must maintain, within the Internal Revenue District in which we
are required to file our federal income tax return, permanent
records showing the information we have received about the
actual ownership of our shares and a list of those persons
failing or refusing to comply with our demand.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable
year, and no relief provision applies, we would be subject to
federal income tax and any applicable alternative minimum tax on
our taxable income at regular corporate rates. In calculating
our taxable income in a year in which we fail to qualify as a
REIT, we would not be able to deduct amounts distributed to
stockholders. In fact, we would not be required to distribute
any amounts to stockholders in that year. In such event, to the
extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, all
distributions to stockholders would be taxable as ordinary
income. Subject to certain limitations of the federal income tax
laws, corporate stockholders might be eligible for the dividends
received deduction. Unless we qualified for relief under
specific statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified
from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the
year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. We cannot
predict whether in all circumstances we would qualify for such
statutory relief. See Risk Factors Loss of our tax
status as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to
us and the value of our common stock.
Sale-Leaseback Transactions
Many of our investments will be in the form of
sale-leaseback transactions. In most instances, depending on the
economic terms of the transaction, we will be treated for
federal income tax purposes as
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The Internal Revenue Service may take the
position that specific sale-leaseback transactions we may treat
as true leases are not true leases for federal income tax
purposes but are, instead, financing arrangements or loans. We
may also structure some sale-leaseback transactions as loans. In
this event, for purposes of the asset tests and the 75% income
test, each such loan likely would be viewed as secured by real
property to the extent of the fair market value of the
underlying property. It is expected that, for this purpose, the
fair market value of the underlying property would be determined
without taking into account our lease. If a sale-leaseback
transaction we treat as a lease were recharacterized as a loan,
we might fail to satisfy the asset tests or the income tests and
consequently lose our REIT status effective with the year of
recharacterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT
taxable income could be recalculated which could cause us to
fail one or both of the income tests and, consequently, to lose
our REIT status.
Method of Accounting
In computing our REIT taxable income, we will use
the accrual method of accounting and depreciate depreciable
property under the alternative depreciation system. We will be
required to file an annual federal income tax return, which,
like other corporate returns, is subject to Internal Revenue
Service examination. Because the tax law requires us to make
many judgments regarding the proper treatment of a transaction
or an item of income or deduction, it is possible that the
Internal Revenue Service will challenge positions we take in
computing our REIT taxable income and its distributions. Issues
could arise, for example, with respect to the allocation of the
purchase price of properties between depreciable or amortizable
assets and nondepreciable or non-amortizable assets such as land
and the current deductibility of fees paid to our Adviser or its
affiliates. Were the Internal Revenue Service to challenge
successfully our characterization of a transaction or
determination of our REIT taxable income, we could be found not
to have satisfied a requirement for qualification as a REIT and
mitigation provisions might not apply. If, as a result of a
challenge, we are determined not to have satisfied the 90%
distribution test, we would be disqualified as a REIT (unless we
were to pay a deficiency distribution and pay interest and a
penalty) as provided by the Code. A deficiency distribution
cannot be used to satisfy the 90% distribution test if the
failure to meet the test was not due to a later adjustment to
our income by the Internal Revenue Service.
Taxation of Taxable U.S.
Stockholders
As long as we qualify as a REIT, a taxable
U.S. stockholder must take into account as ordinary
income distributions made out of our current or accumulated
earnings and profits that we do not designate as capital gain
dividends or retained long-term capital gain. As long as we
qualify as a REIT, then distributions will not be eligible for
the dividends received deduction otherwise generally available
to corporations or for the special 15% tax rate on dividends
under the recently enacted Jobs and Growth Tax Relief
Reconciliation Act of 2003. The term U.S.
stockholder means a holder of our common stock that, for
United States federal income tax purposes, is:
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Distributions that we properly designate as
capital gain dividend will be taxable to our taxable U.S.
stockholders as gain from the sale of a capital asset, to the
extent that such gain does not exceed our actual net capital
gain for the taxable year. Such gain is taxable as long-term
capital gain without regard to the period for which the U.S.
stockholder has held its common stock. We generally will
designate our capital gain dividends as either 15% or 25% rate
distributions. A corporate U.S. stockholder, however, may be
required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as
ordinary income.
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the
net long-term capital gain that we receive in a taxable year. In
that case, a U.S. stockholder would include its proportionate
share of our undistributed long-term capital gain in computing
its long-term capital gains in its return for its taxable year
in which the last day of our taxable year falls. The U.S.
stockholder would receive a credit or refund for its
proportionate share of the tax we paid. The U.S. stockholder
would increase the basis in its common shares by the amount of
its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital
gain, minus its share of the tax we paid.
A U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a
distribution, not designated as a capital gain distribution, in
excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if
the distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of the U.S.
stockholders shares of common stock. Instead, the
distribution will reduce the stockholders adjusted basis
of such common stock. A U.S. stockholder will recognize a
distribution, not designated as a capital gain distribution, in
excess of both our current and accumulated earnings and profits
and the U.S. stockholders adjusted basis in his or her
shares of common stock as long-term capital gain, or short-term
capital gain if the shares of common stock have been held for
one year or less, assuming the shares of common stock are a
capital asset in the hands of the U.S. stockholder. In addition,
if we declare a distribution in October, November or December of
any year that is payable to a U.S. stockholder of record on a
specified date in any such month, such distribution shall be
treated as both paid by us and received by the U.S. stockholder
on December 31 of such year, provided that we actually pay
the distribution during January of the following calendar year.
Stockholders may not include in their individual
income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital
losses. Instead, these losses are generally carried over by us
for potential offset against our future income. Taxable
distributions from us and gain from the disposition of the
shares of common stock will not be treated as passive activity
income and, therefore, stockholders generally will not be able
to apply any passive activity losses, such as losses
from certain types of limited partnerships in which the
stockholder is a limited partner, against such income. In
addition, taxable distributions from us generally will be
treated as investment income for purposes of the investment
interest limitations. However, gain from the disposition of
shares of our common stock may not be treated as investment
income depending on a stockholders particular situation.
Stockholders will be required to include in their income for
each taxable year as ordinary income, return of capital and
capital gain the amounts that we designate in a written notice
mailed after the close of such taxable year.
Taxation of U.S. Stockholders on the
Disposition of Shares of Our Common Stock
In general, a U.S. stockholder must treat any
gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares of
our common stock as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S.
stockholder has held the shares of common stock for more than
one year and otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss.
However, a U.S. stockholder must treat any loss upon a sale or
exchange of common stock held by such stockholder for six months
or less as a long-term capital loss to the extent of capital
gain dividends and any other actual or deemed distributions from
us that such U.S. stockholder treats as long-term capital gain.
All or a portion of any loss that a U.S. stockholder realizes
upon a taxable disposition of the shares of common stock may be
disallowed if the U.S. stockholder purchases other shares of our
common stock within 30 days before or after the disposition.
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Capital Gains and Losses
The tax rate differential between capital gain
and ordinary income for non-corporate taxpayers may be
significant. A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for
more than one year for gain or loss derived from its sale or
exchange to be treated as long-term capital gain or loss. Under
recently enacted legislation, the highest marginal individual
income tax rate is 35% for years ending after December 31,
2002 and beginning before January 1, 2006, at which time
the rates revert to those in effect under prior law. For taxable
years ending after May 6, 2003 and beginning on or before
December 31, 2008, the maximum tax rate on long-term
capital gain applicable to non-corporate taxpayers is 15% for
sales and exchanges of assets held for more than one year, if
the sale or exchange occurs on or after May 6, 2003. The
maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from the sale or
exchange of section 1250 property, or depreciable
real property, is 25% to the extent that such gain would have
been treated as ordinary income if the property were
section 1245 property. With respect to distributions
that we designate as capital gain dividends and any retained
capital gain that we are deemed to distribute, we generally may
designate whether such a distribution is taxable to our
non-corporate stockholders at a 15% or 25% rate. In addition,
the characterization of income as capital gain or ordinary
income may affect the deductibility of capital losses. A
non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses not offset by
capital gains against its ordinary income only up to a maximum
annual amount of $3,000. A non-corporate taxpayer may carry
forward unused capital losses indefinitely. A corporate taxpayer
must pay tax on its net capital gain at ordinary corporate
rates. A corporate taxpayer can deduct capital losses only to
the extent of capital gains, with unused losses being carried
back three years and forward five years.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup
Withholding
We will report to our stockholders and to the
Internal Revenue Service the amount of distributions we pay
during each calendar year and the amount of tax we withhold, if
any. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be
subject to backup withholding at a rate of up to 28% with
respect to distributions unless the holder:
A stockholder who does not provide us with its
correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to
penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. Any amount
paid as backup withholding may be claimed as a credit against
the stockholders income tax liability. In addition, we may
be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions
to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status
to us. For a discussion of the backup withholding rules as
applied to non-U.S. stockholders, see Taxation of Non-U.S.
Stockholders.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee
pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement
accounts, generally are exempt from federal income taxation.
However, they are subject to taxation on their unrelated
business taxable income. While many investments in real estate
generate unrelated business taxable income, the Internal Revenue
Service has issued a ruling that dividend distributions from a
REIT to an exempt employee pension trust do not constitute
unrelated business taxable income so long as the exempt employee
pension trust does not otherwise use the shares of the REIT in
an unrelated trade or business of the pension trust. Based on
that ruling, amounts that we distribute to tax-exempt
stockholders generally should not constitute unrelated business
taxable income. However, if a tax-exempt stockholder were to
finance its acquisition of our common stock with debt, a portion
of the income that it receives from us would constitute
unrelated business taxable income pursuant to the
debt-financed property rules. Furthermore, social
clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations,
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We do not expect to be a pension-held REIT.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders
The rules governing U.S. federal income taxation
of nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign
partnerships, and other foreign stockholders are complex. This
section is only a summary of such rules.
We urge non-U.S.
stockholders to consult their own tax advisers to determine the
impact of federal, state and local income tax laws on ownership
of our common stock, including any reporting requirements
.
A non-U.S. stockholder that receives a
distribution that is not attributable to gain from our sale or
exchange of U.S. real property interests, as defined below, and
that we do not designate as a capital gain dividend or retained
capital gain, will recognize ordinary income to the extent that
we pay the distribution out of our current or accumulated
earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the
gross amount of the distribution ordinarily will apply unless an
applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax. However, if
such a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the
non-U.S. stockholders conduct of a U.S. trade or business,
the non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to federal
income tax on the distribution at graduated rates, in the same
manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed on distributions, and also
may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a
corporate non-U.S. stockholder. We plan to withhold U.S. income
tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any distribution
paid to a non-U.S. stockholder unless either:
A non-U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a
distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings
and profits if the excess portion of the distribution does not
exceed the adjusted basis of its shares of common stock.
Instead, the excess portion of the distribution will reduce the
adjusted basis of those shares. A non-U.S. stockholder will be
subject to tax on a distribution that exceeds both our current
and accumulated earnings and profits and the adjusted basis of
its shares of common stock, if the non-U.S. stockholder
otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the sale or
disposition of its shares of common
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We must withhold 10% of any distribution that
exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
Consequently, although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on
the entire amount of any distribution, to the extent that we do
not do so, we will withhold at a rate of 10% on any portion of a
distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%.
For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, a
non-U.S. stockholder will incur tax on distributions that are
attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of U.S.
real property interests under special provisions of the
federal income tax laws known as FIRPTA. The term
U.S. real property interests includes interests in
real property and shares in corporations at least 50% of whose
assets consists of interests in real property. Under those
rules, a non-U.S. stockholder is taxed on distributions
attributable to gain from sales of U.S. real property interests
as if the gain were effectively connected with a U.S. business
of the non-U.S. stockholder. A non-U.S. stockholder thus would
be taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital gain rates
applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject to applicable
alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in
the case of a nonresident alien individual. A non-U.S. corporate
stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may
be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution.
We must withhold 35% of any distribution that we could designate
as a capital gain dividend. A non-U.S. stockholder may receive a
credit against its U.S. tax liability for the amount we withhold.
A non-U.S. stockholder generally will not incur
tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain on a sale of shares of our
common stock as long as at all times non-U.S. persons hold,
directly or indirectly, less than 50% in value of our shares of
capital stock. We cannot assure you that that test will be met.
However, a non-U.S. stockholder that owned, actually or
constructively, 5% or less of our common stock at all times
during a specified testing period will not incur tax under
FIRPTA on a disposition of the shares of common stock if the
shares are regularly traded on an established
securities market. Because it is expected that our common stock
will be regularly traded on an established securities market, a
non-U.S. stockholder should not incur tax under FIRPTA with
respect to gain on a sale of our common stock unless it owns,
actually or constructively, more than 5% of the common stock. If
the gain on the sale of the common stock were taxed under
FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder would be taxed on that gain in
the same manner as U.S. stockholders subject to applicable
alternative minimum tax, a special alternative minimum tax in
the case of nonresident alien individuals, and the possible
application of the 30% branch profits tax in the case of
non-U.S. corporations.
Furthermore, a non-U.S. stockholder generally
will incur tax on gain not subject to FIRPTA if:
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OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES
Tax Aspects of our Investments in our
Operating Partnership
The following discussion summarizes certain
federal income tax considerations applicable to our direct or
indirect investments in our Operating Partnership and any
subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies that we
form or acquire (each individually a Partnership
and, collectively, the Partnerships). The discussion
does not cover state or local tax laws or any federal tax laws
other than income tax laws.
Classification as
Partnerships.
We will include in our
income our distributive share of each Partnerships income
and we will deduct our distributive share of each
Partnerships losses only if such Partnership is classified
for federal income tax purposes as a partnership (or an entity
that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the
entity has only one owner or member), rather than as a
corporation or an association taxable as a corporation. An
organization with at least two owners or members will be
classified as a partnership, rather than as a corporation, for
federal income tax purposes if it:
Under the check-the-box regulations, an
unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members may
elect to be classified either as an association taxable as a
corporation or as a partnership. If such an entity fails to make
an election, it generally will be treated as a partnership for
federal income tax purposes. Each Partnership intends to be
classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes (or
an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if
the entity has only one owner or member), and no Partnership
will elect to be treated as an association taxable as a
corporation under the check-the-box regulations.
A publicly traded partnership is a partnership
whose interests are traded on an established securities market
or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial
equivalent thereof. A publicly traded partnership will not,
however, be treated as a corporation for any taxable year if 90%
or more of the partnerships gross income for such year
consists of certain passive-type income, including real property
rents, gains from the sale or other disposition of real
property, interest, and dividends (the 90% passive income
exception).
Treasury regulations (the PTP
regulations) provide limited safe harbors from the
definition of a publicly traded partnership. Pursuant to one of
those safe harbors (the private placement
exclusion), interests in a partnership will not be treated
as readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial
equivalent thereof if (1) all interests in the partnership
were issued in a transaction or transactions that were not
required to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, and (2) the partnership does not have more than
100 partners at any time during the partnerships taxable
year. In determining the number of partners in a partnership, a
person owning an interest in a partnership, grantor trust, or S
corporation that owns an interest in the partnership is treated
as a partner in such partnership only if (1) substantially
all of the value of the owners interest in the entity is
attributable to the entitys direct or indirect interest in
the partnership and (2) a principal purpose of the use of
the entity is to permit the partnership to satisfy the
100-partner limitation. We currently intend that each
Partnership will qualify for the private placement exclusion.
We have not requested, and do not intend to
request, a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service that the
Partnerships will be classified as partnerships for federal
income tax purposes. If for any reason a Partnership were
taxable as a corporation, rather than as a partnership, for
federal income tax purposes, we likely would not be able to
qualify as a REIT. See Federal Income Tax Consequences of
our Status as a REIT Income Tests and
Asset Tests. In addition, any change in a
Partnerships status for tax purposes might be treated as a
taxable event, in which case we might incur tax liability
without any related cash distribution. See Federal Income
Tax Consequences of our Status as a REIT
Distribution Requirements. Further, items of income and
deduction of such Partnership would not pass through to its
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Income Taxation of the Partnerships and Their
Partners
Partners, Not the Partnerships, Subject to
Tax.
A partnership is not a taxable
entity for federal income tax purposes. Rather, we are required
to take into account our allocable share of each
Partnerships income, gains, losses, deductions, and
credits for any taxable year of such Partnership ending within
or with our taxable year, without regard to whether we have
received or will receive any distribution from such Partnership.
Partnership
Allocations.
Although a partnership
agreement generally will determine the allocation of income and
losses among partners, such allocations may be disregarded for
tax purposes if they do not comply with certain provisions of
the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations.
If an allocation is not recognized for federal income tax
purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated
in accordance with the partners interests in the
partnership, which will be determined by taking into account all
of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic
arrangement of the partners with respect to such item. We expect
that each Partnerships allocations of taxable income,
gain, and loss will be respected for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.
Tax Allocations With Respect to Contributed
Properties
. Income, gain, loss, and
deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property
that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest
in the partnership must be allocated in a manner such that the
contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from,
respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated
with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of
such unrealized gain or unrealized loss (built-in
gain or built-in loss) is generally equal to
the difference between the fair market value of the contributed
property at the time of contribution and the adjusted tax basis
of such property at the time of contribution (a book-tax
difference). Such allocations are solely for federal
income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts
or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. The
U.S. Treasury Department has issued regulations requiring
partnerships to use a reasonable method for
allocating items with respect to which there is a book-tax
difference and outlining several reasonable allocation methods.
Under our Operating Partnerships
partnership agreement, depreciation or amortization deductions
of the operating partnership generally will be allocated among
the partners in accordance with their respective interests in
our Operating Partnership, except to the extent that our
Operating Partnership is required under the federal income tax
laws governing partnership allocations to use a method for
allocating tax depreciation deductions attributable to
contributed properties. In addition, gain or loss on the sale of
a property that has been contributed, in whole or in part, to
our Operating Partnership will be specially allocated to the
contributing partners to the extent of any built-in gain or loss
with respect to such property for federal income tax purposes.
Basis in Partnership
Interest.
Our adjusted tax basis in
our partnership interest in our Operating Partnership generally
will be equal to:
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If the allocation of our distributive share of
our Operating Partnerships loss would reduce the adjusted
tax basis of our partnership interest below zero, the
recognition of such loss will be deferred until such time as the
recognition of such loss would not reduce our adjusted tax basis
below zero. To the extent that our Operating Partnerships
distributions, or any decrease in our share of the indebtedness
of our Operating Partnership, which is considered a constructive
cash distribution to the partners, reduce our adjusted tax basis
below zero, such distributions will constitute taxable income to
us. Such distributions and constructive distributions normally
will be characterized as long-term capital gain.
Depreciation Deductions Available to Our
Operating Partnership.
To the extent
that our Operating Partnership acquires its properties in
exchange for cash, its initial basis in such properties for
federal income tax purposes generally will be equal to the
purchase price paid by our Operating Partnership. Our Operating
Partnership generally plans to depreciate each depreciable
property for federal income tax purposes under the alternative
depreciation system of depreciation (ADS). Under
ADS, the Operating Partnership generally will depreciate
buildings and improvements over a 40-year recovery period using
a straight-line method and a mid-month convention and will
depreciate furnishings and equipment over a 12-year recovery
period. Our Operating Partnerships initial basis in
properties acquired in exchange for units in our Operating
Partnership should be the same as the transferors basis in
such properties on the date of acquisition by our Operating
Partnership. Although the law is not entirely clear, our
Operating Partnership generally will depreciate such property
for federal income tax purposes over the same remaining useful
lives and under the same methods used by the transferors. Our
Operating Partnerships tax depreciation deductions will be
allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective
interests in our Operating Partnership, except to the extent
that our Operating Partnership is required under the federal
income tax laws governing partnership allocations to use a
method for allocating tax depreciation deductions attributable
to contributed properties.
Sale of a Partnerships
Property
Generally, any gain realized by a Partnership on
the sale of property held by the Partnership for more than one
year will be long-term capital gain, except for any portion of
such gain that is treated as depreciation or cost recovery
recapture. Any gain or loss recognized by a Partnership on the
disposition of contributed properties will be allocated first to
the partners of the Partnership who contributed such properties
to the extent of their built-in gain or loss on those properties
for federal income tax purposes. The partners built-in
gain or loss on such contributed properties will equal the
difference between the partners proportionate share of the
book value of those properties and the partners tax basis
allocable to those properties at the time of the contribution.
Any remaining gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the
disposition of the contributed properties, and any gain or loss
recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of the other
properties, will be allocated among the partners in accordance
with their respective percentage interests in the Partnership.
Our share of any gain realized by a Partnership
on the sale of any property held by the Partnership as inventory
or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of the Partnerships trade or business will
be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is
subject to a 100% penalty tax. Such prohibited transaction
income also may have an adverse effect upon our ability to
satisfy the income tests for REIT status. See Federal
Income Tax Consequences of our Status as a REIT
Income Tests. We, however, do not presently intend to
acquire or hold or to allow any Partnership to acquire or hold
any property that represents inventory or other property held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our or
such Partnerships trade or business.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
We may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more
TRSs. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation that may earn income
that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by us. A
TRS may provide services to our tenants and perform activities
unrelated to our tenants, such as third-party management,
development, and other independent business activities. However,
a TRS may not directly or indirectly
94
We and our corporate subsidiary must elect for
the subsidiary to be treated as a TRS. A corporation of which a
qualifying TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the
voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated
as a TRS. Overall, no more than 20% of the value of our assets
may consist of securities of one or more TRSs, and no more than
25% of the value of our assets may consist of the securities of
TRSs and other assets that are not qualifying assets for
purposes of the 75% asset test.
Rent that we receive from our TRSs will qualify
as rents from real property as long as at least 90%
of the leased space in the property is leased to persons other
than TRSs and related party tenants, and the amount paid by the
TRS to rent space at the property is substantially comparable to
rents paid by other tenants of the property for comparable
space. The TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or
accrued by a TRS to us if certain tests regarding the TRSs
debt-to-equity ratio and interest expense are satisfied.
Further, the rules impose a 100% excise tax on transactions
between a TRS and us or our tenants that are not conducted on an
arms-length basis.
We believe that all transactions between us and
any TRS that we form or acquire will be conducted on an
arms-length basis.
Recent and Proposed Changes in Federal Income
Tax Laws
Recently enacted legislation has reduced the rate
of certain corporate dividends received by noncorporate
taxpayers to 15%. Dividends we pay (other than capital gain
dividends designated by us as 15% rate dividends) generally will
not be eligible for this 15% rate unless such dividends are
attributable to qualified dividend income we receive
from corporations in which we invest or unless they are
attributable to income on which we elect to pay corporate income
tax. We do not expect a significant portion of our income to
consist of qualified dividend income or income on which we elect
to pay corporate income tax. It is possible that this
legislation may cause certain investments to be more attractive
to individual investors than an investment in our shares and
could materially affect the value of our shares.
Proposed legislation would make certain technical
corrections to the federal income tax rules applicable to REITs,
including a modification of the definition of straight
debt for purposes of the limitation on the value of
securities of a single issuer a REIT may own, a new safe-harbor
regarding the dates for testing whether 90% of a REITs
property is rented to unrelated persons, elimination of one
safe-harbor allowing rents received by a REIT to be exempt from
the 100% excise tax if the rents are for customary services
performed by a TRS or are from a TRS, elimination of the rule
that substitutes 90% for 95% for purposes of determining the
amount by which the 95% gross income test is failed, a provision
allowing a REIT to pay a penalty and retain its status as a REIT
in connection with qualification failures other than the source
of income requirements. As of the date of this prospectus, we
cannot predict whether the proposed legislation ultimately will
be enacted into law, and if so, the form or effective date of
that legislation.
State and Local Taxes
We and our stockholders may be subject to
taxation by various states and localities, including those in
which we or our stockholders transact business, own property or
reside. The state and local tax treatment may differ from the
federal income tax treatment described above. Consequently,
stockholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the
effect of state and local tax laws upon an investment in the
common shares.
TRANSFER AND DIVIDEND PAYING AGENT AND
REGISTRAR
Our transfer and dividend paying agent and
registrar for the shares of common stock being offered by this
prospectus will be The Bank of New York. The principal business
address of The Bank of New York is 100 Church Street, 14th
Floor, New York, New York 10286.
95
UNDERWRITING
Subject to the terms and conditions of an
underwriting agreement
dated ,
2003, the underwriters named below have severally agreed to
purchase from us the number of shares of common stock indicated
in the following table. Ferris, Baker Watts, Incorporated is the
representative of the underwriters.
The underwriters propose to offer shares of our
common stock, other than directed shares discussed below,
directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on
the cover page of this prospectus. Any shares sold by the
underwriters to securities dealers will be sold at the public
offering price less a selling concession not in excess of
$ per
share. The underwriters may allow, and these selected dealers
may re-allow, a concession of not more than
$ per
share to other brokers and dealers.
The underwriters obligations to purchase
shares of our common stock are subject to conditions contained
in the underwriting agreement. The underwriters are obligated to
purchase all of the shares of common stock that they have agreed
to purchase under the underwriting agreement, other than those
covered by the over-allotment option, if they purchase any
shares.
Other than in the United States, no action has
been taken by us or by the underwriters that would permit a
public offering of the shares of common stock included in this
offering in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is
required. The shares of common stock included in this offering
may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this
prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in
connection with the offer and sales of any shares of common
stock be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except
under circumstances that will result in compliance with the
applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons
who receive this prospectus are advised to inform themselves
about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering
of shares of our common stock and the distribution of this
prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer to sell nor a
solicitation of any offer to buy any shares of our common stock
included in this offering in any jurisdiction where that would
not be permitted or legal.
The representatives of the underwriters have
advised us that the underwriters do not intend to confirm sales
to any account over which they exercise discretionary authority.
Directed Share Program
At our request, the underwriters have reserved up
to 1,100,000 shares, or approximately 20% of the common
stock offered by this prospectus, for sale under a directed
share program to specified officers, directors, business
associates and other persons that we identify. All of the
persons purchasing the reserved shares must commit to purchase
such shares after the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part has been declared effective by the SEC but
no later than the close of business on the date of this
prospectus. The number of shares available for sale to the
general public will be reduced to the extent these persons
purchase the reserved shares. Shares reserved for purchase by
directed share participants which are not so purchased will be
reallocated for sale to the general public in the offering. All
shares sold pursuant to the directed share program will be
restricted from resale for a period of 180 days following
the completion of this offering.
All sales of shares pursuant to the directed
share program will be made at the initial public offering price
set forth on the cover page of this prospectus less the
underwriting discount. The underwriters will
96
Underwriting Discount and Expenses
The following table summarizes the underwriting
discount to be paid to the underwriters by us.
We will pay all expenses of the offering that we
incur. We estimate that our total expenses of this offering,
excluding the underwriting discount, will be approximately
$1 million.
Over-allotment Option
We have granted to the underwriters an option,
exercisable not later than 30 days after the date of this
prospectus, to purchase up to 825,000 additional shares of our
common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting
discount, set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. The
underwriters may exercise the option solely to cover
over-allotments, if any, made in connection with this offering.
To the extent that the underwriters exercise the option, each
underwriter will become obligated, as long as the conditions of
the underwriting agreement are satisfied, to purchase a number
of additional shares of common stock approximately proportionate
to that underwriters initial commitment as indicated in
the table above. We will be obligated, pursuant to the option,
to sell these additional shares of common stock to the
underwriters to the extent the option is exercised. If any
additional shares of common stock are purchased pursuant to the
option, the underwriters will offer the additional shares on the
same terms as those on which the other shares are being offered
hereby.
Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters
against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act of 1933, or to contribute to payments the
underwriters may be required to make in respect of any of these
liabilities.
Lockup Agreements
Except with respect to our grant of options
pursuant to the 2003 Equity Incentive Plan, we and each of our
officers, directors and other stockholders have agreed not to
offer, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of, or enter
into any transaction that is designed to, or could reasonably be
expected to, result in the disposition of any shares of our
common stock or other securities convertible into or
exchangeable or exercisable for shares of our common stock for a
period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, other
than shares of common stock issuable by us upon exercise of
options, in exchange for properties or in connection with a
dividend reinvestment plan, without the prior written consent of
the representatives of the underwriters. This consent may be
given at any time without public notice. In addition, purchasers
in the directed share program will be subject to separate lockup
agreements restricting their resale of shares purchased pursuant
to the directed share program for a period of 180 days
following the completion of the offering. There are no present
agreements between the representatives of the underwriters and
us or any of our executive officers, directors or stockholders
releasing us or them from these lock-up agreements prior
97
Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty
Bids
The underwriters may engage in over-allotment,
syndicate covering transactions, stabilizing transactions and
penalty bids or purchases for the purpose of pegging, fixing or
maintaining the price of our common stock:
These syndicate covering transactions,
stabilizing transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of
raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or
preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our
common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock may be
higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open
market. These transactions may be effected on the Nasdaq
National Market or otherwise and, if commenced, may be
discontinued at any time.
Neither we nor any of the underwriters make any
representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of
any effort that the transactions described above may have on the
price of our common stock. In addition, neither we nor any of
the underwriters make any representation that the underwriters
will engage in these stabilizing transactions or that any
transaction, once commenced, will not be discontinued without
notice.
Pricing of the Offering
Prior to this offering, there has been no public
market for our common stock. Consequently, the initial public
offering price for our common stock has been determined by
negotiations between us and the representatives of the
underwriters. Among the primary factors considered in
determining the initial public offering price were:
98
Listing of Shares
Our common stock has been approved for listing on
the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol GOOD.
any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of
the voting power of our shares; or
an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any
time within the two-year period prior to the date in question,
was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of
our then-outstanding voting shares.
80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders
of our then-outstanding shares of capital stock; and
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by
holders of our voting shares other than shares held by
(a) the interested stockholder with whom or with whose
affiliate the business combination is to be effected and
(b) shares held by an affiliate or associate of the
interested stockholder.
pursuant to our notice of the meeting;
by our board of directors; or
by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record
both at the time of the provision of notice and at the time of
the meeting who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has
complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our
bylaws.
pursuant to our notice of the meeting;
by our board of directors; or
provided that our board of directors has
determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by a
stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of
the provision of notice and at the time of the meeting who is
entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the
advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws.
one-tenth or more but less than one-third of all
voting power;
one-third or more but less than a majority of all
voting power; or
a majority or more of all voting power.
Voting Rights
.
Holders of common stock may elect our board of directors, and
because we serve as the general partner of our Operating
Partnership, our board of directors will effectively control the
business of our Operating Partnership. Unit holders may not
elect or remove the general partner without our consent or,
prior to redemption of units in exchange for our common stock,
elect our directors.
Transferability
.
Neither the units of our Operating Partnership nor the shares of
our common stock issuable upon redemption of such units will
have been registered under the Securities Act and, therefore,
they will be subject to certain restrictions on transfer. The
units and the shares of our common stock for which they are
redeemable are subject to transfer restrictions under applicable
securities laws, under our articles of incorporation or under
the limited partnership agreement, including the required
consent of the general partner to the admission of any new
limited partner to our Operating Partnership. We may from time
to time grant registration rights with respect to shares of our
common stock issuable upon redemption of units.
our bankruptcy, dissolution or withdrawal (unless
the limited partners elect to continue our Operating
Partnership);
the sale or other disposition of all or
substantially all the assets of our Operating Partnership;
the redemption of all partnership units (other
than those held by us, if any); or
an election by us in our capacity as the general
partner.
dealers in securities;
financial institutions;
insurance companies;
tax exempt entities (except to the extent
discussed in Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders);
foreign persons (except to the extent discussed
in Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders);
stockholders who are subject to the alternative
minimum tax;
stockholders who hold their shares as part of a
hedging, straddle, conversion or other risk reduction
transaction; or
stockholders who do not hold their shares as
capital assets within the meaning of
Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the Code).
We will pay federal income tax on taxable income,
including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to
stockholders during, or within a specified time period after,
the calendar year in which the income is earned.
We may be subject to the alternative
minimum tax on any items of tax preference and alternative
minimum tax adjustment that we do not distribute or allocate to
stockholders.
We will pay income tax at the highest corporate
rate on:
net income from the sale or other disposition of
property acquired through foreclosure (foreclosure
property) that we hold primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of business, and
other non-qualifying income from foreclosure
property.
We will pay a 100% tax on net income from sales
or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure
property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of business.
If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test
or the 95% gross income test, as described below under
Income Tests, and nonetheless continue to qualify as
a REIT because we meet other requirements, we will pay a 100%
tax on:
the gross income attributable to the greater of
the amounts by which we fail the 75% and 95% gross income tests
(substituting 90% for 95%, for purposes of calculating the
amount by which the 95% test is failed), multiplied by
a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
If we fail to distribute during a calendar year
at least the sum of:
85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year,
95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the
year, and
any undistributed taxable income from earlier
periods,
we will pay a 4% excise tax on the excess of the
required distribution over the amount we actually distribute.
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our
net long-term capital gain. In that case, a U.S. stockholder
would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed
long-term capital gain (to the extent that we make a timely
designation of such gain to the stockholder) and would receive a
credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid.
We will be subject to a 100% excise tax on
transactions with a taxable REIT subsidiary that are not
conducted on an arms-length basis.
If we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or
a corporation that generally is subject to full corporate-level
tax, in a merger or other transaction in which we acquire a
basis in the asset that is determined by reference either to the
C corporations basis in the asset or to another asset, we
will pay tax at the highest regular corporate rate applicable if
we recognize gain on the sale or disposition of the asset during
the 10-year period after we acquire the asset. The amount of
gain on which we will pay tax is the lesser of:
the amount of gain that we recognize at the time
of the sale or disposition, and
the amount of gain that we would have recognized
if we had sold the asset at the time we acquired it.
1. It is managed by one or more trustees or
directors;
2. Its beneficial ownership is evidenced by
transferable shares or by transferable certificates of
beneficial interest;
3. It would be taxable as a domestic corporation,
but for the REIT provisions of the federal income tax laws;
4. It is neither a financial institution nor an
insurance company subject to special provisions of the federal
income tax laws;
5. At least 100 persons are beneficial owners of
its shares or ownership certificates;
6. Not more than 50% in value of its outstanding
shares or ownership certificates is owned, directly or
indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, which the federal
income tax laws define to include certain entities, during the
last half of any taxable year;
7. It elects to be a REIT, or has made such
election for a previous taxable year, and satisfies all relevant
filing and other administrative requirements established by the
Internal Revenue Service that must be met to elect and maintain
REIT status; and
8. It meets certain other qualification tests,
described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets.
rents from real property;
interest on debt secured by mortgages on real
property, or on interests in real property;
dividends or other distributions on, and gain
from the sale of, shares in other REITs;
income derived from foreclosure property;
gain from the sale of real estate assets that are
not investment or dealer property; and
income derived from the temporary investment of
new capital that is attributable to the issuance of our shares
of capital stock or a public offering of our debt with a
maturity date of at least five years and that we receive during
the one-year period beginning on the date on which we received
such new capital.
are fixed at the time the leases are entered into;
are not renegotiated during the term of the
leases in a manner that has the effect of basing rent on income
or profits; and
conform with normal business practices.
that is acquired by a REIT as the result of the
REIT having bid on such property at foreclosure, or having
otherwise reduced such property to ownership or possession by
agreement or process of law, after there was a default or
default was imminent on a lease of such property or on
indebtedness that such property secured;
for which the related loan was acquired by the
REIT at a time when the default was not imminent or anticipated;
and
for which the REIT makes a proper election to
treat the property as foreclosure property.
our failure to meet such tests is due to
reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect;
we attach a schedule of the sources of our income
to our federal income tax return; and
any incorrect information on the schedule was not
due to fraud with intent to evade tax.
cash or cash items, including certain receivables;
government securities;
interests in real property, including leaseholds
and options to acquire real property and leaseholds;
interests in mortgage loans on real property;
stock in other REITs; and
investments in stock or debt instruments during
the one-year period following our receipt of new capital that we
raise through equity offerings or offerings of debt with at
least a five-year term.
we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the
preceding calendar quarter; and
the discrepancy between the value of our assets
and the asset test requirements arose from changes in the market
values of our assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the
acquisition of one or more non- qualifying assets.
the sum of
90% of our REIT taxable income,
computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our
net capital gain or loss, and
90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from
foreclosure property, minus
the sum of certain items of non-cash income over
5% of REIT taxable income.
85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year,
95% of our REIT capital gain income for such
year, and
any undistributed taxable income from prior
periods,
a citizen or resident of the United States;
a corporation or partnership (including an entity
treated as a corporation or partnership for U.S. federal income
tax purposes) created or organized under the laws of the United
States or of a political subdivision of the United States
unless, in the case of a partnership, treasury regulations
provide otherwise;
an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal
income taxation regardless of its source; or
any trust if (1) a U.S. court is able to
exercise primary supervision over the administration of such
trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control
all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a
valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.
is a corporation or comes within certain other
exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or
provides a taxpayer identification number,
certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding,
and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the
backup withholding rules.
we qualify as a REIT by reason of the
modification of the rule requiring that no more than 50% of our
shares of capital stock be owned by five or fewer individuals
that allows the beneficiaries of the pension trust to be treated
as holding our shares of capital stock in proportion to their
actuarial interests in the pension trust; and
either:
one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value
of our shares of capital stock; or
a group of pension trusts individually holding
more than 10% of the value of our shares of capital stock
collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our shares of
capital stock.
a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S.
stockholder provides us with an IRS Form W-8BEN evidencing
eligibility for that reduced rate with us; or
the non-U.S. stockholder provides us with an IRS
Form W-8ECI claiming that the distribution is effectively
connected income.
the gain is effectively connected with the
non-U.S. stockholders U.S. trade or business, in which
case the non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same
treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain; or
the non-U.S. stockholder is a nonresident alien
individual who was present in the U.S. for 183 days or more
during the taxable year and has a tax home in the
United States, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will incur
a 30% tax on his or her capital gains.
is treated as a partnership under the Treasury
regulations relating to entity classification (the
check-the-box regulations); and
is not a publicly traded partnership.
the amount of cash and the basis of any other
property contributed by us to our Operating Partnership;
increased by our allocable share of our Operating
Partnerships income and our allocable share of
indebtedness of our Operating Partnership; and
reduced, but not below zero, by our allocable
share of our Operating Partnerships loss and the amount of
cash distributed to us, and by constructive distributions
resulting from a reduction in our share of indebtedness of our
Operating Partnership.
Underwriters
Number of Shares
5,500,000
Total without
Total with
Per Share
Over-allotment(1)
Over-allotment(1)
(1)
Assumes the sale of all 1,100,000 reserved shares
in the directed share program at the offering price less the
underwriters discount, with respect to which no underwriting
discount will be paid to the underwriters by us.
Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriters
of shares in excess of the number of shares the underwriters are
obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position.
The short position may be either a covered short position or a
naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of
shares over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the
number of shares that they may purchase in the over-allotment
option. In a naked short position, the number of shares involved
is greater than the number of shares in the over-allotment
option. The underwriters may close out any short position by
either exercising their over-allotment option, in whole or in
part, or purchasing shares in the open market.
Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases
of our common stock in the open market after the distribution
has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.
In determining the source of shares to close out the short
position, the underwriters will consider, among other things,
the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as
compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through
the over-allotment option. If the underwriters sell more shares
than could be covered by the over- allotment option, resulting
in a naked short position, the position can only be closed out
by buying shares in the open market. A naked short position is
more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that
there could be downward pressure on the price of the shares in
the open market after pricing that could adversely affect
investors who purchase in the offering.
Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids
for or purchases of common stock in the open market prior to
completion of the offering.
Penalty bids permit the representatives to
reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the
common stock originally sold by the syndicate member is
purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to
cover syndicate short positions.
prevailing market conditions;
our capital structure;
the present stage of our development;
the valuation multiples of publicly traded
companies that the representatives believe to be comparable to
us; and
estimates of our business potential and earning
prospects.
The financial statements as of June 30, 2003 and for the period from February 14, 2003 (inception) through June 30, 2003 then ended included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as a result of which we will file annual, quarterly and other periodic reports and proxy statements. We will furnish our stockholders with annual reports containing consolidated financial statements audited by our independent certified public accountants, and we will furnish to our stockholders the information required by Form 10-Q within 45 days after the end of each fiscal quarter, for so long as we are required to file quarterly reports on Form 10-Q with the SEC.
The validity of the issuance of the common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Cooley Godward LLP, Reston, Virginia. The validity of the shares of common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for the underwriters by Bass, Berry & Sims PLC, Memphis, Tennessee.
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-11, including exhibits and amendments filed with this registration statement, under the Securities Act of 1933 with respect to shares of our common stock to be sold in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and exhibits to the registration statement. For further information with respect to our company and the shares of our common stock to be sold in this offering, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete and, where that contract is an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the exhibit to which the reference relates. Copies of the registration statement, including the exhibits to the registration statement, may be examined without charge at the public reference room of the Securities and Exchange Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W. Room 1024, Washington, DC 20549. Information about the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0300. Copies of all or a portion of the registration statement can be obtained from the public reference room of the Securities and Exchange Commission upon payment of prescribed fees. Our SEC filings, including our registration statement, are also available to you on the SECs Web site at http://www.sec.gov.
As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and we will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements and other information will be available for inspection and copying at the SECs public reference room and the SECs Web site referred to above.
99
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholder of
Gladstone Commercial Corporation:
In our opinion, the accompanying balance sheet
and the related statements of operations, stockholders
equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position of Gladstone Commercial Corporation (the
Company) at June 30, 2003, and the results of
its operations and its cash flows for the period from
February 14, 2003 (inception) to June 30, 2003 in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Companys management; our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit of these
statements in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States of America, which require that we
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York
F-2
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
BALANCE SHEET
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements
F-3
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements
F-4
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS
EQUITY
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements
F-5
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements
F-6
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
Gladstone Commercial Corporation, a Maryland
corporation (the Company), was formed on
February 14, 2003 under the General Corporation Law of
Maryland for the purpose of engaging in the business of
investing in and owning property connected therewith net leased
to creditworthy corporations and other creditworthy entities.
Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, the business of
the Company will be managed by Gladstone Management Corporation
(the Adviser).
On February 15, 2003, the sole stockholder
purchased 52,000 shares of common stock (the Shares)
for $52,000 and was admitted as the initial stockholder of the
Company.
On May 28, 2003, the Company completed the
formation of a subsidiary, Gladstone Commercial Limited
Partnership (the Operating Partnership). The
Operating Partnership currently has no assets or operations, but
the Company anticipates that it will conduct substantially all
of its operations through the Operating Partnership. As the
Company currently owns all of the general and limited
partnership interests of the Operating Partnership, the
financial position and results of operations of the Operating
Partnership are consolidated with those of the Company.
A minimum of 5,500,000 and a maximum of 6,325,000
Shares are being offered to the public (the
Offering) at a price of $15 per share. The Company
intends to invest the net proceeds of the Offering in
properties, as described in the prospectus of the Company
contained in a Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
Prospectus).
Investments in real estate
The Company intends to use the net proceeds of
the Offering to make investments in real estate. The Company
will record investments in real estate at cost and will
capitalize improvements and replacements when they extend the
useful life or improve the efficiency of the asset. The Company
will expense costs of repairs and maintenance as incurred. The
Company will compute depreciation using the straight-line method
over the estimated useful life of 40 years for buildings
and improvements, five to seven years for equipment and fixtures
and the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term
for tenant improvements and leasehold interests.
The Company will account for its acquisitions of
investments in real estate in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 141,
Business
Combinations
, which requires the fair value of the real
estate acquired to be allocated to the acquired tangible assets,
consisting of land, building and tenant improvements, and
identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the
value of above-market and below-market leases, other value of
in-place leases and value of tenant relationships, based in each
case on their fair values.
Above-market and below-market in-place lease
values for owned properties will be recorded based on the
present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks
associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between
(i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the
in-place leases and (ii) managements estimate of fair
market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases,
measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable
term of the lease. The capitalized above-market lease values
will be amortized as a reduction of rental income over the
remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases. The
capitalized below-market lease values (presented in the
accompanying balance sheet as value of assumed lease
obligations) will be amortized as an increase to rental income
over the initial term and any fixed-rate renewal periods in the
respective leases. Since the Companys strategy will to a
large degree involve sale-leaseback transactions with newly
originated leases at market rates, the above-market and
below-market in-place lease values are not expected to be
significant for many of the transactions the Company will
ultimately enter into.
F-7
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The aggregate value of other intangible assets
acquired will be measured based on the difference between
(i) the property valued with existing in-place leases
adjusted to market rental rates and (ii) the property
valued as if vacant. Managements estimates of value are
expected to be made using methods similar to those used by
independent appraisers (e.g., discounted cash flow analysis).
Factors to be considered by management in its analysis include
an estimate of carrying costs during hypothetical expected
lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and
costs to execute similar leases. The Company will also consider
information obtained about each property as a result of its
pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities
in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible
assets acquired. In estimating carrying costs, management will
also include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating
expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during
the expected lease-up periods, which are expected to primarily
range from six to 18 months, depending on specific local
market conditions. Management will also estimate costs to
execute similar leases including leasing commissions, legal and
other related expenses to the extent that such costs are not
already incurred in connection with a new lease origination as
part of the transaction.
The total amount of other intangible assets
acquired will be further allocated to in-place lease values and
customer relationship intangible values based on
managements evaluation of the specific characteristics of
each tenants lease and the Companys overall
relationship with that respective tenant. Characteristics to be
considered by management in allocating these values include the
nature and extent of the Companys existing business
relationships with the tenant, growth prospects for developing
new business with the tenant, the tenants credit quality
and expectations of lease renewals (including those existing
under the terms of the lease agreement), among other factors.
The value of in-place leases will be amortized to
expense over the initial term of the respective leases, which
are primarily expected to range from ten to 20 years. The
value of customer relationship intangibles will be amortized to
expense over the initial term and any renewal periods in the
respective leases, but in no event will the amortization period
for intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of
the building. Should a tenant terminate its lease, the
unamortized portion of the in-place lease value and customer
relationship intangibles would be charged to expense.
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all short-term, highly
liquid investments that are both readily convertible to cash and
have a maturity of generally three months or less at the time of
purchase to be cash equivalents. Items classified as cash
equivalents include commercial paper and money-market funds. All
of the Companys cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2003
were held in the custody of one financial institution, and which
balance at times may exceed federally insurable limits. The
Company mitigates this risk by depositing funds with major
financial institutions.
Deferred offering costs
Costs incurred related to the Offering have been
deferred and will be charged to stockholders equity upon
completion of the Offering. In the event that the Offering is
not completed, these costs will be charged to expense.
Organizational costs
The Company expenses organizational costs
(primarily filing fees and legal expenses) as incurred.
F-8
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Income taxes
At the earliest date possible, the Company
intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and accordingly will not be
subject to Federal Income taxes on amounts distributed to
stockholders (except income from foreclosure property), provided
it distributes at least 90% of its real estate investment trust
taxable income to its stockholders and meets certain other
conditions.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts
of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
Pursuant to the advisory agreement, the Adviser
will perform certain services for the Company including the
identification, evaluation, negotiation, purchase and
disposition of property, the day-to-day management of the
Company and the performance of certain administrative duties.
The Company will reimburse the Adviser for all
expenses incurred by the Adviser for its direct benefit.
Examples of these expenses include expenses incurred in
connection with the Companys organization and offering,
legal, accounting, tax preparation, consulting and related fees.
The actual amounts to be paid will depend upon the actual amount
of organization and offering expenses paid and incurred by the
Adviser and its affiliates in connection with the Offering,
which amount is not determinable at this time. The Company
currently estimates these expenses will be approximately
$1.3 million (including approximately $1 million of
expenses incurred in connection with the Offering) during the
first twelve months. The Company estimates that these expenses
will be approximately $300,000 per year after the first twelve
months following the Offering.
In addition, the Company will reimburse the
Adviser for all fees charged by third parties that are directly
related to the Companys business, which may include real
estate brokerage fees, mortgage placement fees, lease-up fees
and transaction structuring fees that will be passed through to
the Company at the cost to the Adviser. The actual amount that
the Company will pay to the Adviser will depend largely upon the
aggregate costs of the properties the Company acquires and
mortgage loans that it makes, which in turn will depend upon the
proceeds of the Offering and the amount of leverage the Company
uses in connection with its activities. Accordingly, the amount
of these fees is not determinable at this time.
The Company will be required to reimburse the
Adviser for its pro rata share of the Advisers payroll and
benefits expenses on an employee-by-employee basis, based on the
percentage of each employees time devoted to the
Companys matters. The actual amount of payroll and
benefits expenses which the Company will be required to
reimburse the Adviser is not determinable, but the Company
currently estimates that during its first full year following
the Offering this amount will be approximately $425,000. This
estimate is based on the Companys current expectations
regarding the Advisers payroll and benefits expenses and
the proportion of the Advisers time the Company believes
will be spent on matters relating to the Companys
business. To the extent that the Advisers payroll and
benefits expenses are greater than the Company expects or the
Adviser allocates a greater percentage of its time to the
Companys business, the actual amount of the reimbursement
for the Companys share of the Advisers payroll and
benefits expenses could be materially greater than the Company
currently projects.
F-9
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company may also be required to reimburse the
Adviser for the Companys pro rata portion of all other
expenses of the Adviser not reimbursed under the arrangements
described above (Overhead Expenses), equal to the
total Overhead Expenses of the Adviser, multiplied by the ratio
of hours worked by the Advisers employees on the
Companys projects to the total hours worked by the
Advisers employees. However, the Company will only be
required to reimburse the Adviser for the Companys portion
of the Advisers Overhead Expenses if the amount of payroll
and benefits the Company reimburses to the Adviser is less than
2.0% of the Companys average invested assets for the year.
Additionally, the Company will only be required to reimburse the
Adviser for Overhead Expenses up to the point that reimbursed
Overhead Expenses and payroll and benefits expenses, on a
combined basis, equal 2.0% of the Companys average
invested assets for the year. The Adviser will bill the Company
on a monthly basis for these amounts. The Adviser must reimburse
the Company annually for the amount by which amounts billed to
and paid by the Company exceed this 2.0% limit during a given
year. To the extent that Overhead Expenses payable or
reimbursable by the Company exceed this limit and the
Companys independent directors determine that the excess
expenses were justified based on unusual and nonrecurring
factors which they deem sufficient, the Company may reimburse
the Adviser in future years for the full amount of the excess
expenses, or any portion thereof, but only to the extent that
the reimbursement would not cause the Overhead Expense
reimbursements to exceed the 2.0% limitation in any year. The
actual amount of Overhead Expenses for which the Company will be
required to reimburse the Adviser is not determinable, but the
Company currently estimates that during its first full year
following the completion of the Offering this amount will be
approximately $275,000.
Effective June 10, 2003, the Company adopted
the 2003 Equity Incentive Plan, (the 2003 Plan), for
the purpose of attracting and retaining the services of
executive officers, directors and other key employees. Under the
2003 Plan, the Companys compensation committee may award
to employees incentive stock options within the meaning of
Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, or ISOs, and
nonstatutory stock options to employees, non-employee directors
and certain consultants, including the Adviser and its
affiliates. In addition, the 2003 Plan permits the granting of
restricted stock. The Company intends to apply the intrinsic
value method of accounting for employee stock-based compensation
in accordance with APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for
Stock Issued to Employees, as appropriate. The Company has
authorized the issuance of 759,000 shares of common stock to its
officers, directors, employees and consultants, including the
employees and directors of the Adviser under the 2003 Plan.
F-10
No
dealer, salesperson or other individual has been authorized to
give any information or to make any representations other than
those contained in this prospectus in connection with the offer
made by this prospectus and, if given or made, such information
or representations must not be relied upon as having been
authorized by us or the underwriters. This prospectus does not
constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy
any securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer or
solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making
such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so, or to any
person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or
solicitation. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any
sale made hereunder shall, under any circumstances, create any
implication that there has been no change in our affairs or that
information contained herein is correct as of any time
subsequent to the date hereof.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Through
and
including 2003
(the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers
effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not
participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a
prospectus. This is in addition to a dealers obligation to
deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter with respect
to an unsold allotment or subscription.
GLADSTONE
5,500,000
PROSPECTUS
Ferris, Baker Watts
Jefferies & Company, Inc.
J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc.
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company,
,
2003
Page
F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-7
$
29,615
298,815
$
328,430
$
287,084
52
51,948
(10,654
)
41,346
$
328,430
$
5,549
5,105
10,654
$
(10,654
)
$
(.20
)
52,000
Additional
Stock
Common
Paid in
Subscription
Retained
Stock
Capital
Receivable
Deficit
Total
$
52
$
51,948
$
(42,000
)
$
$
10,000
42,000
42,000
(10,654
)
(10,654
)
$
52
$
51,948
$
$
(10,654
)
$
41,346
$
(10,654
)
10,654
52,000
(22,385
)
29,615
29,615
$
29,615
1.
Organization
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies
3.
Related Party Transactions
4.
Equity Incentive Plan
Page
1
8
20
21
21
23
24
25
31
31
32
33
34
35
47
57
57
62
65
66
69
72
73
74
78
92
95
96
99
99
99
99
F-1
F-7
PART II.
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN
PROSPECTUS
The following table sets forth the costs and
expenses of the sale and distribution of the securities being
registered, all of which are being borne by the Registrant.
On February 15, 2003, a total of 52,000
shares of common stock were sold to David Gladstone, the
chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive
officer, at a purchase price of $1.00 per share.
On February 15, 2003, we issued and sold
52,000 shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of
$52,000 to Mr. Gladstone. We offered and sold these shares
to Mr. Gladstone in reliance upon the exemption from
registration provided by Section 4(2) under the Securities
Act of 1933 and Rule 506 promulgated thereunder.
Our articles of incorporation provide that we
will indemnify our directors and officers, whether in their
capacity as directors or officers of us or, at our request, of
another entity, to the full extent required or permitted by the
laws of the State of Maryland currently in force and as they may
be amended from time to time. In addition to indemnification of
our directors and officers, we will also indemnify other
employees and agents, including our advisers, to such extent as
our bylaws permit or as otherwise authorized by our board of
directors and permitted by Maryland law.
Our bylaws provide that any indemnification, or
payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of any
proceeding, shall be made promptly, and in any event within
60 days, upon the written request of the director, officer,
employee or other agent entitled to seek indemnification. This
right to indemnification and advances is enforceable in any
court of competent jurisdiction if we deny a request for
indemnification in whole or in part or if the claim is not
disposed of within 60 days. We will also reimburse the
costs and expenses of an indemnitee incurred in connection with
successfully establishing his or her right to indemnification in
whole or in part.
We will have a defense to any claim for
indemnification if (a) a determination has been made that
the facts then known to those making the determination would
preclude indemnification or (b) we have not received both
(i) an undertaking, as required by law, by the claimant to
repay such advances in the event it shall ultimately be
determined that the standard of conduct necessary for
indemnification by us has not been met, and (ii) a written
affirmation by the claimant of his or her good faith belief that
the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by us has
been met. In addition, we will not be liable for
II-1
Our articles of incorporation provide that our
board of directors may take such action as is necessary to carry
out these indemnification provisions and is expressly empowered
to adopt, approve, and amend from time to time the provisions of
our bylaws, as well as resolutions or contracts implementing
such provisions or such further indemnification arrangements as
may be permitted by law. However, no amendment, repeal or other
modification of our bylaws or our articles of incorporation may
diminish the rights to indemnification of any person with
respect to events occurring or claims made before its adoption
or as to claims made after its adoption in respect of events
occurring before its adoption.
The provisions of our articles of incorporation
and our bylaws regarding indemnification and advance of expenses
are not exclusive and do not supersede any other rights to which
a person seeking indemnification or advance of expenses may be
entitled under law or any agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors, or other provision that is consistent
with law.
Our articles of incorporation also provide that
none of our directors or officers shall be liable to us or to
our stockholders for money damages except (a) to the extent
that it is proved that such director or officer actually
received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or
services actually received, or (b) to the extent that a
judgment or other final adjudication adverse to such director or
officer is entered in a proceeding based on a finding in the
proceeding that such directors or officers action,
or failure to act, was (i) the result of active and
deliberate dishonesty, or (ii) intentionally wrongful, willful
or malicious and, in each such case, was material to the cause
of action adjudicated in the proceeding.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities
arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Act)
may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling
persons pursuant to the provisions described above, or
otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is
against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
against such liabilities (other than our payment of expenses
incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person in
the successful defense of an action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by a director, officer or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless
in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by
controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is
against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be
governed by the final adjudication of the court of the issue.
We intend to carry liability insurance for the
benefit of its directors and officers on a claims-made basis of
up to $10,000,000, subject to a retention of up to $200,000 for
certain claims and the other terms thereof. This directors and
officers insurance will generally cover claims made against our
directors and officers based on their actions and omissions in
connection with the carrying out of our business affairs.
Not applicable.
II-2
(a)
Financial Statements
.
(b)
Exhibits
. The following exhibits are
filed as part of this Registration Statement on Form S-11:
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes as
follows:
II-3
II-4
Item 31.
Other Expenses of Issuance and
Distribution.
$
7,675
100,000
150,000
*
600,000
*
50,000
*
25,000
*
67,325
*
$
1,000,000
*
Estimated.
Item 32.
Sales to Special Parties.
Item 33.
Recent Sales of Unregistered
Securities.
Item 34.
Indemnification of Directors and
Officers.
Item 35.
Treatment of Proceeds from Stock Being
Registered.
Item 36.
Financial Statements and
Exhibits.
F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-7
Exhibit
Description of Document
1
.1
Underwriting Agreement
3
.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of
the Registrant
3
.2
Bylaws of the Registrant
4
.1
Form of Stock Certificate
5
.1
Opinion of Cooley Godward LLP, with respect to
the legality of the shares being registered
8
.1
Opinion of Cooley Godward LLP, with respect to
tax matters
10
.1
Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement between
the Registrant and Gladstone Management Corporation, dated
August 7, 2003
10
.2
2003 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended
10
.3
Agreement of Limited Partnership of Gladstone
Commercial Limited Partnership, dated July 17, 2003.
21
.1
Subsidiaries
23
.1
Consent of Cooley Godward LLP (included in its
opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1 hereto)
23
.2
Consent of Cooley Godward LLP (included in its
opinion filed as Exhibit 8.1 hereto)
23
.3
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
(independent auditors of the Registrant)
23
.4
Consent of David A.R. Dullum
23
.5
Consent of Michela A. English
23
.6
Consent of Anthony W. Parker
23
.7
Consent of Paul W. Adelgren
23
.8
Consent of Maurice W. Coulon
24
.1
Power of attorney
Previously filed.
*
To be filed by amendment.
Item 37.
Undertakings.
(1) To provide to the underwriters at the
closing specified in the Underwriting Agreement certificates in
such denominations and registered in such names as required by
the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
(2) Insofar as indemnification by the
registrant for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may
be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of
the registrant pursuant to the provisions referenced in
Item 34 of this Registration Statement or otherwise, the
registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is
against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event
that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other
than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid
by a director, officer, or controlling person of the registrant
in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered hereunder, the
registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter
has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
the Securities Act and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.
(3) For purposes of determining any
liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from
the form of prospectus filed as part of this Registration
Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a
form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to
Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) under the Securities Act shall
be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the
time it was declared effective.
(4) For the purpose of determining any
liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective
amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to
be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that
time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering.
(5) To send to each stockholder, at least on
an annual basis, a detailed statement of any transactions with
the Adviser or its affiliates, and of fees, commissions,
compensation and other benefits paid, or accrued to the Adviser
or its affiliates, for the fiscal year completed, showing the
amount paid or accrued to each recipient and the services
performed.
(6) To file a sticker supplement pursuant to
Rule 424(c) under the Securities Act during the
distribution period describing each property not identified in
the prospectus at such time as there arises a reasonable
probability that such property will be acquired and to
consolidate all such stickers into a post-effective amendment
filed at least once every three months, with the information
contained in such amendment provided simultaneously to the
existing stockholders. Each sticker supplement should disclose
all compensation and fees received by the Adviser and its
affiliates in connection with any such acquisition. The
post-effective amendment shall include audited financial
statements meeting the requirements of Rule 3-14 of
Regulation S-X only for properties acquired during the
distribution period.
(7) To file, after the end of the
distribution period, a current report on Form 8-K
containing the financial statements and any additional
information required by Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X, to
reflect each commitment (i.e., the signing of a binding purchase
agreement) made after the end of the distribution period
involving the use of 10% or more (on a cumulative basis) of the
net proceeds of the offering and to provide the information
contained in such report to the stockholders at least once each
quarter after the distribution period of the offering has ended.
(8) To provide each stockholder the
financial statements required by Form 10-K for its first
full year of operations.
(9) To furnish to each stockholder, within
45 days after the close of each quarterly period, the
information specified by Form 10-Q (if such report is
required to be filed with the SEC).
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-11 (this Amendment) to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the County of Fairfax, Commonwealth of Virginia, on the 8th day of August, 2003.
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION |
By: | /s/ DAVID J. GLADSTONE |
|
|
David J. Gladstone | |
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Amendment has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||||
|
|
|
||||
/s/ DAVID J. GLADSTONE
David J. Gladstone |
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | August 8, 2003 | ||||
*
Terry Lee Brubaker |
President, Secretary, Chief Operating Officer and Director | August 8, 2003 | ||||
*
Harry Brill |
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | August 8, 2003 |
*By: | /s/ DAVID J. GLADSTONE |
|
|
David J. Gladstone | |
Attorney-in-fact |
II-5
Exhibit Index
Exhibit
Description of Document
1
.1
Underwriting Agreement
3
.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of
the Registrant
3
.2
Bylaws of the Registrant
4
.1
Form of stock certificate
5
.1
Opinion of Cooley Godward LLP, with respect to
the legality of the shares being registered
8
.1
Opinion of Cooley Godward LLP, with respect to
tax matters
10
.1
Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement between
the Registrant and Gladstone Management Corporation, dated
August 7, 2003
10
.2
2003 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended
10
.3
Agreement of Limited Partnership of Gladstone
Commercial Limited Partnership, dated July 17, 2003.
21
.1
Subsidiaries
23
.1
Consent of Cooley Godward LLP (included in its
opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1 hereto)
23
.2
Consent of Cooley Godward LLP (included in its
opinion filed as Exhibit 8.1 hereto)
23
.3
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
(independent auditors of the Registrant)
23
.4
Consent of David A.R. Dullum
23
.5
Consent of Michela A. English
23
.6
Consent of Anthony W. Parker
23
.7
Consent of Paul W. Adelgren
23
.8
Consent of Maurice W. Coulon
24
.1
Power of attorney
Previously filed.
*
To be filed by amendment.
II-6
GC [GRAPHIC] GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION -------------------- CUSIP 376536 10 8 INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND -------------------- |
SEE REVERSE SIDE
FOR CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT
is the owner of
FULLY PAID AND NON-ASSESSABLE SHARES OF THE PAR VALUE OF $.001 EACH OF THE
COMMON STOCK OF GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
transferable on the books of the Corporation in person or by duly authorized attorney upon surrender of this Certificate properly endorsed. This Certificate is not valid unless countersigned by the Transfer Agent and registered by the Registrar.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF; the said Corporation has caused this Certificate to be endorsed by the facsimile signatures of its duly authorized officers and to be sealed with the facsimile seal of the Corporation.
Dated
/s/ Harry Brill [SEAL] /s/ David Gladstone Treasurer Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
COUNTERSIGNED AND REGISTERED: THE BANK OF NEW YORK (NEW YORK) TRANSFER AGENT BY AND REGISTRAR. AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE |
The Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests a statement of the designations, powers, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof of the Corporation and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Such request may be made to the Corporation or the Registrar and Transfer Agent.
The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this certificate, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations:
TEN COM - as tenants in common UNIF GIFT MIN ACT-______Custodian_______ TEN ENT - as tenants by the entireties (Cust) (Minor) JT TEN - as joint tenants with right under Uniform Gifts to Minors of survivorship and not as Act______________________ tenants in common (State) |
Additional abbreviations may also be used though not in the above list.
For Value Received,________________________hereby sell, assign and transfer unto
| | | | |____________________________________| ________________________________________________________________________________ (PLEASE PRINT OR TYPEWRITE NAME AND ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, OF ASSIGNEE) |
__________________________________________________________________________Shares of the capital stock represented by the within Certificate, and do hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint
________________________________________________________________________Attorney to transfer the said stock on the books of the within named Corporation with full power of substitution in the premises.
Dated_________________________________
X____________________________________________
(owner sign here)
NOTICE: THE SIGNATURE TO ASSIGNMENT MUST
CORRESPOND WITH AS THIS THE NAME
WRITTEN UPON THE FACE OF THE
CERTIFICATE IN EVERY PARTICULAR,
WITHOUT ALTERATION OR ENLARGEMENT OR
ANY CHANGE WHATEVER.
SIGNATURE(S) GUARANTEED:
THE SIGNATURE(S) SHOULD BE AN
GUARANTOR INSTITUTION GUARANTEED BY
ELIGIBLE (BANKS, STOCKBROKERS, SAVINGS
AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS AND CREDIT
UNIONS WITH MEMBERSHIP IN AN APPROVED
SIGNATURE GUARANTEE MEDALLION
PROGRAM), PURSUANT TO S.E.C. RULE
17Ad-15.
Signature guaranteed by:________________________________________________________
EXHIBIT 5.1
[COOLEY GODWARD LLP LOGO] [COOLEY GODWARD LLP LETTERHEAD]
August 6, 2003
Gladstone Commercial Corporation CHRISTIAN E. PLAZA 1750 Tysons Boulevard, 4th Floor (703) 456-8006 McLean, VA 22102 cplaza@cooley.com |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have requested our opinion with respect to certain matters in connection with the filing by Gladstone Commercial Corporation (the "Company") of a Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-106024) (the "Registration Statement") with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") covering an underwritten public offering of up to 6,325,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Registration Statement (the "Shares").
In connection with this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the Registration Statement and related prospectus, the Company's Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, as currently in effect, and the originals or copies certified to our satisfaction of such records, documents, certificates, memoranda and other instruments as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate to enable us to render the opinion expressed below and we have assumed that the Shares will be sold by the underwriters at a price established by the pricing committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. Our opinion is expressed only with respect to the laws of the State of Maryland.
On the basis of the foregoing, and in reliance thereon, we are of the opinion that the Shares, when sold and issued by the Company in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and related prospectus, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Legal Matters" in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement and to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are acting within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
Very truly yours,
COOLEY GODWARD LLP
By: /s/ Christian E. Plaza |
EXHIBIT 8.1
[COOLEY GODWARD LLP LOGO] [COOLEY GODWARD LLP LETTERHEAD]
August 6, 2003
Gladstone Commercial Corporation
1750 Tysons Blvd., Fourth Floor
McLean, Virginia 22102
DANIEL P. MEEHAN
720 566-4061
Ladies and Gentlemen: dmeehan@cooley.com
You have requested our opinions with respect to certain federal income tax matters in connection with the proposed offering (the "Offering") of up to 6,325,000 shares of common stock (the "Shares") of Gladstone Commercial Corporation, a Maryland corporation (the "Company"), as more fully described in the registration statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-106024) (the "Registration Statement"), and the prospectus included therein (the "Prospectus"), filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All capitalized terms used herein have the respective meanings set forth in the Prospectus.
We have acted as counsel to the Company with respect to the Offering. As such, and for the purpose of rendering this opinion, we have examined, and are relying upon (without any independent investigation or review thereof) the truth and accuracy, at all relevant times, of the statements, covenants, representations and warranties contained in the following documents (including all exhibits and schedules attached thereto):
(i) The Registration Statement and exhibits to the Registration Statement, including the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Company and the Agreement of Limited Partnership of Gladstone Commercial Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership (the "PARTNERSHIP");
(ii) The letter from Gladstone Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("ADVISER") and the Company to this firm, dated August 6, 2003 (the "TAX REPRESENTATION LETTER"), representing, among other things, the truth and accuracy of the representations attributed to them and statements about the organization and operation of the Company and the Partnership in the Prospectus; and
(iii) Such other instruments and documents related to the formation, organization and operation of the Company and the Offering as we have deemed necessary or appropriate.
In connection with rendering this opinion, we have assumed (without any independent investigation or review thereof) that:
(i) Original documents submitted to us (including signatures thereto) are authentic, documents submitted to us as copies conform to the original documents, and that all such
[COOLEY GODWARD LLP LOGO]
Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Page Two
documents have been duly and validly executed and delivered where due execution and delivery are a prerequisite to the effectiveness thereof;
(ii) All factual representations, warranties and statements made or agreed to by Adviser, the Company, the Partnership, their managements, employees, officers, directors, stockholders and partners in connection with the Offering, including, but not limited to, those set forth in the Prospectus (including the exhibits thereto) and the Tax Representation Letter, are true and accurate at all relevant times;
(iii) The Offering will be consummated in accordance with the description in the Prospectus; and
(iv) Any representation or statement made "to the knowledge of" or similarly qualified is correct without such qualification.
Based on our examination of the foregoing items and subject to the limitations, qualifications, assumptions and caveats set forth herein, we are of the opinion that, under federal income tax laws as of the date hereof:
(i) Assuming that the Company operates and is owned, and causes the Partnership to operate, in the manner described in the Prospectus and in accordance with the representations set forth in the Prospectus and the Tax Representation Letter, the Company's ownership and method of operation permit it to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "CODE"); and
(ii) The section of the Registration Statement entitled "Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT" fairly summarizes the federal income tax consequences that are likely to be material to a purchaser of Shares in the Offering.
With respect to our opinion contained in paragraph (i) above, you should note that actual qualification of the Company as a REIT will depend upon the Company's meeting, through its actual operations, the various qualification tests imposed by the Code and that no prediction as to those actual operating results is implied by our opinion.
This opinion relates only to matters of federal income tax law and does not address the state, local or foreign tax treatment of the Company. In addition, no opinion is expressed as to any federal income tax consequence except as specifically set forth herein, and this opinion may not be relied upon except with respect to the consequences specifically discussed herein. This opinion is void and may not be relied upon if any of the representations, warranties, statements and assumptions material to our opinion and upon which we have relied are not accurate and complete in all material respects at all relevant times.
[COOLEY GODWARD LLP LOGO]
Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Page Three
This opinion only represents our best judgment as to the federal income tax status of the Company and is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or any court of law, tribunal, administrative agency or other governmental body. The conclusions are based on the Code, existing judicial decisions, administrative regulations and published rulings. No assurance can be given that future legislative, judicial or administrative changes or interpretations would not adversely affect the accuracy of the conclusions stated herein. Nevertheless, by rendering this opinion, we undertake no responsibility to advise you of any new developments in the application or interpretation of the federal income tax laws.
This opinion is being delivered solely in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement. It is intended for the benefit of the Company and those shareholders who acquire their Shares on or before termination of the sale of Shares under the Registration Statement, and may not be relied upon or utilized for any other purpose or by any other person.
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT" in the Prospectus and to the reproduction and filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.
Sincerely,
COOLEY GODWARD LLP
/s/ Daniel P. Meehan DPM:br |
Exhibit 10.1
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT (this "AGREEMENT") is entered into and made effective as of the 7th day of August 2003 by and between GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, a Maryland corporation (the "COMPANY"), and GLADSTONE MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (the "ADVISER").
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Company intends to be treated as a real estate investment trust (REIT);
WHEREAS, the Adviser is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the "ADVISERS Act"), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder;
WHEREAS, the Adviser desires to serve as the Company's investment adviser and, in connection therewith, to perform certain services for the Company with respect to the administration of the Company and its investment activities, in all cases under the supervision and control of the Company's Board of Directors and on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein; and
WHEREAS, the Company desires to retain the Adviser to serve as its investment adviser and, in connection therewith, to perform certain administrative and investment advisory services under the supervision of the Company's Board of Directors and on the terms and conditions set forth herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements of the parties hereto as herein set forth, the parties covenant and agree as follows:
1. APPOINTMENT OF ADVISER; DUTIES OF ADVISER.
(A) The Company hereby retains the Adviser to serve as its investment adviser for the period and on the terms and subject to the conditions as set forth in this Agreement.
(B) Subject to the supervision and control by the Company's Board of Directors, the Adviser shall:
(I) (A) consistent with the Company's investment policies adopted by the Company's Board of Directors, as revised from time to time, manage the investment and reinvestment of the Company's assets;
(B) continuously review, supervise and administer the Company's investment program to determine in its discretion the securities to be purchased or sold and the portion of the Company's assets to be held un-invested;
(C) provide the Company with all required records concerning the Adviser's efforts on behalf of the Company; and
(D) provide regular reports to the Company's Board of Directors concerning the Adviser's activities on behalf of the Company;
(II) (A) consistent with the Company's investment policies adopted by the Company's Board of Directors, as revised from time to time, manage the acquisition and divesture of real estate and mortgage loans purchased or originated for the account of the Company;
(B) manage the Company's portfolio of real estate and mortgage loans; and
(C) manage any other investments of the Company;
(III) use its best efforts to present the Company with investment opportunities consistent with the Company's investment policies and objectives as adopted by the Company's Board of Directors and as revised from time to time; and
(IV) devote sufficient resources to the business of the Company to discharge its obligations under this Agreement.
(C) The Company's Board of Directors retains, and has the exclusive right, to:
(I) Grant stock compensation to the officers of the Company and any employee of the Adviser;
(II) Hire, fire and control the activities of the Adviser's employees in connection with and to the extent of such employees' work for the Company;
(III) Determine the economic value of the services performed by the Adviser's employees that are assigned to the Company (including wages and the number of units and value of any stock compensation granted); and
(IV) Remit funds sufficient to cover the complete compensation, including all payroll taxes, of the Adviser's employees assigned to the Company.
2. ACCEPTANCE BY ADVISER.
The Adviser hereby accepts appointment as investment adviser to the Company on the terms and conditions set forth on this Agreement, and agrees to discharge the foregoing responsibilities in compliance with the investment objectives, policies and limitations set forth in the Company's prospectus (as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the "PROSPECTUS") and applicable laws and regulations, and under the supervision and control of the Company's Board of Directors.
2.
3. COMPENSATION.
(A) The Adviser shall pay all of its own costs and expenses, including such costs and expenses as the Adviser may incur in the performance of its duties pursuant to this Agreement. In consideration for the Adviser's services as set forth in this Agreement, the Company shall reimburse the Adviser for expenses that it incurs as described in this Section 3.
(B) The Company will reimburse the Adviser promptly, against the Adviser's voucher, for any expenses incurred the by the Adviser for the Company's account. Without limitation, such expenses shall include (i) expenses of the Company's organization, (ii) expenses incurred in connection with the Company's initial public offering, (iii) expenses of any offering and sale by the Company of its securities, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the Company's counsel, accountants, custodian, transfer agent and registrar, (v) fees and expenses incurred in producing and effecting filings with federal and state securities administrators, (vi) costs of the Company's periodic reports to and other communications with the Company's stockholders, (vii) fees and expenses of members of the Company's Board of Directors who are not directors, managers, officers or employees of the Adviser, and are not managers, officers or employees of any entity managed by the Adviser, (viii) fees of members of the Company's Board of Directors who are such directors, managers, officers or employees, and (ix) premiums for any fidelity bond and similar insurance maintained by the Company.
(C) The Company shall also reimburse the Adviser promptly, against the Adviser's voucher, for all fees charged by third parties that are directly related to the Company's business, which may include, without limitation (i) any origination fee with respect to any loan, lease or investment made by the Company, and (ii) and all transaction costs incident to the acquisition and disposition by the Company of securities, leases, mortgage loans, real estate and other investments and assets, including, without limitation, legal and accounting fees and other professional or technical fees and expenses (e.g., credit reports, appraisals, title search and delivery charges, costs of specialized consultants such as accountants or industry-specific technical experts, and deal-specific travel expenses) incurred in monitoring, negotiating and working-out such securities, leases, mortgage loans or real estate and other investments and assets, as well as responding to any litigation or other disputes arising therefrom. All such origination fees described in clause (i) above shall be reviewed as of the end of each calendar quarter by the Company's Board of Directors.
(D) The Company shall also reimburse the Adviser for the Company's pro rata portion of the payroll and related benefits (including tax withholding) for each of the Adviser's employees who provide services to the Company. This amount shall be computed on a monthly basis for each employee as the ratio of the hours spent on behalf of the Company to the total hours worked by the employee applied to the employee's payroll and related benefits for that month.
(E) The Company shall also reimburse the Adviser for its pro rata portion of the Adviser's total operating expenses (excluding payroll and related benefits) not incurred for direct benefit of any party whom the Adviser manages (e.g., general administrative and other overhead expenses) ("OVERHEAD"). This expense reimbursement and the payroll reimbursement discussed in paragraph (D) above are collectively the equivalent of a management fee and are collectively hereafter referred to as the "MANAGEMENT FEE." The Overhead reimbursement component of the Management Fee shall be computed monthly on the following basis:
(I) The Adviser shall calculate the total aggregate hours of service performed by all of its employees, directors and associates during the month, and that number shall be the "DENOMINATOR."
3.
(II) The Adviser and each of the Adviser's employees, directors and associates shall calculate the total aggregate number of hours of service performed on behalf of the Company during the month, and that number shall be the "NUMERATOR."
(III) The percentage derived by dividing the Numerator by the Denominator shall be the percentage of all Overhead that shall be billed to the Company for that month (the "MONTHLY PERCENTAGE").
(IV) The Adviser will estimate its total operating expenses (less payroll and related benefits and expenses incurred directly for the benefit of parties that the Adviser manages, such as those expenses described in Section 3(b) and 3(c)) for the month (the "ESTIMATED OVERHEAD"), based on historical monthly expenses, and make any adjustments to the prior monthly bills in order to reconcile the actual results with the earlier estimates. The Adviser shall then calculate the month's Management Fee by multiplying the Monthly Percentage by the Estimated Overhead and adding the product to the payroll reimbursement for the month (described in Section 3(d)). The Adviser will then bill the Company for an amount equal to Management Fee for that month. The Management Fee for each month will be paid by the Company on the fifth business day of the subsequent month.
(V) The Management Fee is subject to an annual
maximum of 2.0% of the Company's average invested assets (as determined jointly
by the Company and the Adviser) (the "ANNUAL MANAGEMENT FEE CAP") during each
calendar year. The Adviser shall reimburse the Company no less frequently than
annually for the amount by which amounts billed to and paid by the Company
exceed the Management Fee Cap during a given year. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, in the event that payroll reimbursements exceed the Annual Management
Fee Cap, any payroll amounts in excess of the Annual Management Fee Cap will
nevertheless be reimbursed by the Company, but no reimbursement for overhead
would be paid by the Company in such event, except as described in paragraph
(VI) below.
(VI) To the extent that aggregate Management Fees payable or reimbursable by the Company exceed the Annual Management Fee Cap (such amount, the "EXCESS FEES") and the Company's independent directors determine, by majority vote, that the excess Management Fees were justified based on unusual and nonrecurring factors which they deem sufficient, the Company may reimburse the Adviser in future years for the full amount of the Excess Fees, or any portion thereof, but only to the extent that the reimbursement would not cause the Company's Management Fees and Excess Fees to collectively exceed the Annual Management Fee Cap in any year.
(VII) In the event this Agreement is terminated, any
compensation to which the Adviser may be entitled to receive pursuant to this
Section 3(d) shall be computed as of the period ending on the last business day
on which this Agreement is in effect, subject to pro rata adjustment based on
the number of days elapsed in the current month as a percentage of the total
number of days in such month, as appropriate.
(F) The Company shall establish an Equity Incentive Plan for the officers and directors of the Company. The plan shall be administered by the Board of Directors or by its Compensation Committee if the Board of Directors delegates that authority to the Compensation Committee.
4.
4. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.
In the absence of: (i) willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser in the performance of its obligations and duties hereunder; (ii) reckless disregard by the Adviser of its obligations and duties hereunder; or (iii) a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services, the Adviser shall not be subject to liability to the Company or any of its stockholders for any error of judgment, mistake of law or any other act or omission in the course of, or connected with, its rendering of services hereunder including, without limitation, for any losses that may be sustained in connection with the purchase, holding, redemption or sale of any security by the Adviser on behalf of the Company.
5. EXCLUSIVITY.
The services provided by the Adviser hereunder are not exclusive and the Adviser shall therefore remain free to render such services to others.
6. RECORDS.
The Adviser agrees to preserve the records required by Rule 204-2 promulgated under the Advisers Act for the period specified therein.
7. WRITTEN DISCLOSURE STATEMENT.
The Adviser has previously delivered to the Company a written
disclosure statement as required by Section 204-3(a) of the Advisers Act in the
form of either a copy of Part II of the Adviser's Form ADV which complies with
Section 204-1(b) of the Advisers Act or a written document containing at least
the information required by Part II of Form ADV. Such written disclosure
statement was delivered by the Adviser to the Company within the time period
specified by Section 204-1(b) of the Advisers Act.
8. DURATION.
This Agreement shall be effective beginning on the date set forth in the preamble hereof, and shall remain in force through December 31, 2006. Upon expiration of the initial term, the term of this Agreement shall be automatically extended for successive one (1) year periods, unless either the Company or the Adviser notifies the other party of its intention not to renew this Agreement at least 120 days prior to the end of the term.
9. TERMINATION.
(A) This Agreement may be terminated by
(I) the Company's Board of Directors, immediately, for Cause or upon the Bankruptcy of the Adviser;
(II) the vote of a majority of the Company's Independent Directors upon sixty (60) days prior written notice to the Adviser; or
5.
(III) the Adviser, immediately, with Good Reason.
(B) Definitions. For the purposes of this Section 9, the following terms shall have the following definitions:
(I) "CAUSE" shall mean fraud, criminal conduct, willful or negligent breach of fiduciary duty, or the commission of a material breach of this Agreement;
(II) "GOOD REASON" shall mean either (A) a failure to obtain a satisfactory agreement from any successor to the Company to assume and agree to perform the Company's obligations under this Agreement, or (B) a material breach of this Agreement; and
(III) "BANKRUPTCY" shall mean the happening of any of the following: (A) the filing of an application by the Adviser for the appointment of a trustee, receiver or similar person over all or substantially all of his or its assets; (B) the filing by the Adviser of a voluntary petition in bankruptcy or the filing of a pleading in any court of record admitting in writing the Adviser's inability to pay substantially all of its debts as they become due; (C) the making by the Adviser of a general assignment for the benefit of creditors in connection with the winding up or liquidation of the Adviser's business; (D) the expiration of 60 calendar days after a petition for involuntary bankruptcy shall have been filed against the Adviser, or the appointment of, or the taking of possession by, a receiver, custodian, trustee or liquidator of the Adviser or of a substantial part of its property shall have occurred, provided that the same shall not have been vacated or dismissed within such 60-day period or there shall be remaining open any motion to vacate or dismiss such petition filed before the expiration of any such 60-day period; provided that such motion shall not remain open in excess of 120 calendar days in the aggregate; (E) the filing by the Adviser of an answer admitting the material allegations of, or its consenting to, or defaulting in answering, a bankruptcy petition filed against the Adviser in any bankruptcy proceeding; or (F) the entry of an order, judgment, or decree by any court of competent jurisdiction adjudicating the Adviser bankrupt or appointing a trustee over its assets, and such order, judgment or decree continuing unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive calendar days.
10. AMENDMENTS.
This Agreement may be amended with the mutual consent of the parties; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Company shall not consent to any such amendment unless such amendment shall be approved by (i) a majority of the Company's directors and (ii) a majority the Company's independent directors.
11. SEVERABILITY.
If any term or condition of this Agreement shall be found to be invalid or unenforceable to any extent or in any application, the remainder of this Agreement, including such term or condition, except to the extent or in such application such term or condition is held invalid or unenforceable, shall not be affected thereby, and each and every term and condition of this Agreement shall be valid and enforceable to the fullest extent and in the broadest application permitted by law.
6.
12. CAPTIONS.
The captions of this Agreement are included for convenience only and in no way define or limit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.
13. DEFINITIONS.
For purposes of this Agreement, "MAJORITY OF THE OUTSTANDING VOTING SECURITIES," "ASSIGNMENT" and "INTERESTED PERSON" shall have the respective meanings assigned to them in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT"), subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted by the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to its rule-making authority as set forth in the Investment Company Act or the Advisers Act, as the case may be. "INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR" shall have the meaning ascribed to such term under the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market or such other securities market on which the securities of the Company are traded.
14. NOTICES.
All notices required or permitted to be delivered under or pursuant to this Agreement shall be so delivered by certified mail, postage prepaid, as follows:
If to the Adviser: Gladstone Management Corporation 1750 Tysons Blvd., 4th Floor McLean, VA 22102 Attn: President If to the Company: Gladstone Commercial Corporation 1750 Tysons Blvd., 4th Floor McLean, VA 22102 Attn: Chairman |
Any notice delivered pursuant to this Section 14 shall be deemed delivered on the third day following its deposit in the United States mail or the date such notice is actually received by the addressee, whichever shall occur first.
15. ASSIGNMENT.
This Agreement is generally not assignable or transferable by either party hereto without the prior written consent of the other party. HOWEVER, (i) the Adviser may assign this Agreement to an affiliate of the Adviser without the Company's consent if the Adviser guarantees the performance of the obligations hereunder, and (ii) either party may assign or transfer this Agreement to a successor in interest.
16. ENTIRE AGREEMENT.
This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the matters referred to herein and supersedes all prior agreements, negotiations, commitments or understandings.
7.
17. COUNTERPARTS.
This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be taken to be an original and together shall constitute one and the same document.
18. GOVERNING LAW.
This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Virginia and the applicable provisions of the Advisers Act.
[REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]
8.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the date first above written.
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
By: /s/ DAVID GLADSTONE ----------------------------------- David Gladstone Chairman of the Board and CEO |
GLADSTONE MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
By: /s/ TERRY BRUBAKER ----------------------------------- Terry Brubaker President and COO |
9.
EXHIBIT 23.3
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the use in this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 of our report dated July 18, 2003 relating to the financial statements of Gladstone Commercial Corporation, which appear in such Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading "Experts".
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP New York, NY August 7, 2003 |