SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Amendment No. 2 to
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
14180 Dallas Parkway, 9th Floor
Montgomery J. Bennett
Copies to:
David Barbour
Muriel C. McFarling Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. 1717 Main Street, Suite 3700 Dallas, Texas 75201 (214) 659-4400 |
Brad S. Markoff
Jonathan H. Talcott Alston & Bird LLP 3201 Beechleaf Court, Suite 600 Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1062 (919) 862-2200 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If the Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be
made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following
box.
o
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
The registrant hereby amends this registration
statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its
effective date until the Registrant shall file a further
amendment which specifically states that this Registration
Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with
Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or
until the registration statement shall become effective on such
date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said
Section 8(a), may determine.
Proposed
Proposed
Title of Securities
Amount Being
Maximum Offering
Maximum Aggregate
Amount of
Being Registered
Registered(1)
Price per Unit(2)
Offering Price(2)
Registration Fee(3)
40,250,000 shares
$10.00
$402,500,000
$32,563
(1)
Includes 5,250,000 shares that may be purchased
pursuant to an over-allotment option granted to the underwriter.
(2)
Estimated solely for the purpose of determining
the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o).
(3)
Previously paid.
Table of Contents
The information in this
prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell
these securities until the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus
is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not
soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where
the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 31, 2003
PROSPECTUS
We will acquire all of our initial properties and asset management and consulting agreements from entities owned by Archie Bennett, Jr., our Chairman, Montgomery J. Bennett, our President and Chief Executive Officer, David A. Brooks, our Chief Legal Officer, Mark L. Nunneley, our Chief Accounting Officer, and one of our directors, Martin L. Edelman (or his family), in exchange for cash and interests in our company. Each of the Bennetts will beneficially receive $1.5 million in cash and a 7.4% interest in our company on a fully-diluted basis, having a value of $31.4 million. Messrs. Brooks, Nunneley and Edelman, plus two others, will collectively receive a 1.6% interest in our company on a fully-diluted basis, having a value of $6.8 million. The interests in our company are valued using $10 per share, which is the mid-point of the price range disclosed above. We will use $65.7 million of the offering proceeds to repay debt secured by the contributed properties, which, together with the $3.0 million payment to the Bennetts, is 21.3% of the anticipated net proceeds of this offering. We will also assume $16.0 million in mortgage debt secured by one of the contributed properties. The Bennetts each intend to use their respective portion of the cash consideration to partially satisfy their obligations to purchase 500,000 shares of our common stock.
See Risk Factors beginning on page 16 of this prospectus to read about risks you should consider before buying our common stock. These risks include:
| We are a blind pool investment opportunity. We have no operating history, have identified only six properties to acquire and, based on the mid-point of the price range disclosed above, have not committed approximately 78.7% of the anticipated net proceeds of this offering to any specific assets. As a result, investors will not be able to evaluate the economic merits of any assets we may later buy with our excess equity. We may also be unable to invest our excess proceeds on acceptable terms or at all. | |
| Our Chairman and President and Chief Executive Officer have conflicts of interest with us. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett own our hotel manager, which will receive substantial management fees from us and is party to an agreement with us that generally requires us to hire it to manage any future property. Certain of our officers and directors may suffer different and more adverse tax consequences than our stockholders upon the sale of some of our properties. Because of these conflicts of interest, and because of our tax indemnity obligation to the contributors of our initial assets, our management may make decisions concerning the sale, acquisition or refinancing of properties that are not in the stockholders best interests. | |
| We did not obtain independent appraisals of any of the initial assets we will acquire from our affiliates. Instead of paying a fixed price for these assets, we will issue a fixed number of interests in our company that have a value based on our initial public offering price. Consequently, the consideration we exchange for the assets may exceed their fair market value. | |
| We have agreed for a period of up to 10 years to pay the affiliated entities contributing our initial assets the amount of their income tax liability, plus a gross-up amount, if we dispose of any of their contributed properties in a taxable transaction. | |
| We may have to pay substantial fees to our hotel manager, which is owned by the Bennetts, upon early termination of our hotel management agreement. If we were to terminate the management agreement with respect to all six of our initial properties immediately after this offering, the termination fee would be approximately $10.6 million. This fee will increase if we acquire additional properties. Any termination fees that we have to pay under the management agreement may reduce our cash available for distribution. | |
| Our mortgage loan assets will generally be non-recourse, and in the case of a defaulted non-recourse loan, our recovery will be limited to the value of the underlying property, which may be less than the loan amount. Our mezzanine mortgage loans may be unsecured entirely or subordinated to a senior lender and may become unsecured upon foreclosure. | |
| Increases in the interest rates on our borrowings may reduce our net income by reducing the spread between the interest rate on our borrowings to fund an investment and the investments return. | |
| Upon completion of this offering, our consolidated mortgage indebtedness will be approximately $16.0 million. We are also seeking a $120 million bank credit facility. While our initial policy is to limit our leverage to 60% of our gross assets, our board of directors may change this and our other operating policies and strategies at any time without stockholder approval. Our debt service obligations may reduce our cash available for distribution. | |
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission
nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved
of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful
or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
Per Share
Total
$
$
$
$
$
$
The underwriters have an option to purchase up to 5,250,000 additional shares of our common stock to cover over-allotments.
Simultaneously with the completion of this offering, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett will acquire directly from us in a privately negotiated transaction (and not from the underwriters) a total of 500,000 shares of our common stock at a price per share equal to the offering price, net of an amount equal to the underwriting discount.
We expect to deliver the common stock on or about , 2003.
Friedman Billings Ramsey
Legg Mason Wood Walker |
Incorporated |
Credit Lyonnais Securities (USA) Inc. |
The date of this prospectus is , 2003.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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103
i
Disposition Policy
|
103 | ||||
Financing Policies
|
103 | ||||
Equity Capital Policies
|
104 | ||||
Conflict of Interest Policy
|
104 | ||||
Reporting Policies
|
106 | ||||
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND TRANSACTIONS
|
106 | ||||
Contribution of Initial Properties
|
106 | ||||
Other Benefits to Related Parties
|
109 | ||||
Related Party Management Services
|
113 | ||||
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
|
114 | ||||
Asset Management and Consulting Agreement
|
114 | ||||
Other Relationships
|
114 | ||||
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
|
115 | ||||
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
|
115 | ||||
General
|
115 | ||||
Authorized Stock
|
115 | ||||
Common Stock
|
116 | ||||
Preferred Stock
|
116 | ||||
Power to Increase Authorized Stock and Issue
Additional Shares of our Common Stock and Preferred Stock
|
117 | ||||
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
|
117 | ||||
Transfer Agent and Registrar
|
119 | ||||
MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR
CHARTER AND BYLAWS
|
120 | ||||
The Board of Directors
|
120 | ||||
Business Combinations
|
120 | ||||
Control Share Acquisitions
|
121 | ||||
Amendment to Our Charter
|
122 | ||||
Dissolution of Our Company
|
122 | ||||
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New
Business
|
122 | ||||
Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of
Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws
|
122 | ||||
Indemnification and Limitation of Directors
and Officers Liability
|
122 | ||||
SHARES AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE SALE
|
124 | ||||
General
|
124 | ||||
Redemption/Exchange Rights
|
124 | ||||
Rule 144
|
124 | ||||
Registration Rights
|
124 | ||||
Lock-Up Agreements
|
125 | ||||
PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
|
125 | ||||
Management
|
125 | ||||
Transferability of Interests
|
126 | ||||
Capital Contributions
|
126 | ||||
Redemption Rights
|
127 | ||||
Operations
|
127 | ||||
Distributions
|
127 | ||||
Allocations
|
128 | ||||
Amendments
|
128 | ||||
Exculpation and Indemnification of the General
Partner
|
128 | ||||
Term
|
129 | ||||
Tax Matters
|
129 | ||||
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OUR STATUS AS
A REIT
|
129 | ||||
Taxation of our Company
|
130 | ||||
Requirements for Qualification
|
131 | ||||
Income Tests
|
132 | ||||
Asset Tests
|
138 | ||||
Distribution Requirements
|
139 | ||||
Recordkeeping Requirements
|
140 | ||||
Failure to Qualify
|
140 | ||||
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders
|
140 | ||||
Taxation of U.S. Stockholders on the
Disposition of Common Stock
|
141 | ||||
Capital Gains and Losses
|
141 | ||||
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup
Withholding
|
142 | ||||
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
|
142 | ||||
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders
|
143 | ||||
Changes in Federal Income Tax Laws
|
144 | ||||
Other Tax Consequences
|
144 | ||||
Income Taxation of the Partnerships and their
Partners
|
146 | ||||
Sale of a Partnerships Property
|
147 | ||||
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
|
148 | ||||
State and Local Taxes
|
148 | ||||
UNDERWRITING
|
149 | ||||
EXPERTS
|
152 | ||||
REPORTS TO STOCKHOLDERS
|
152 | ||||
LEGAL MATTERS
|
152 | ||||
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
|
152 | ||||
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
F-1 |
ii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information relating to Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and our common stock that is being offered by this prospectus. More detailed discussions of this information are contained in this prospectus. To better understand the offering and our business, you should carefully review this entire prospectus, including Risk Factors. Unless indicated otherwise, the information included in this prospectus assumes no exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option, and, unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context requires, all references in this prospectus to we, us, our or similar references mean Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating partnership, and our other subsidiaries. In addition, unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context requires, all reference in the Prospectus to Remington Hotel Corporation or Remington Hotel means Remington Hotel Corporation, Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P. or Remington Lodging and their respective subsidiaries. Unless otherwise indicated, the information contained in this prospectus is as of June 30, 2003 and assumes that the underwriters overallotment option is not exercised, the common stock to be sold in this offering is sold at $10.00 per share, which is the mid-point of the range of prices indicated on the front cover of this prospectus, and the units of limited partnership in our operating partnership to be issued in the formation transactions are valued at $10.00 per unit. Each unit is redeemable for cash equal to the then-current market value of one share of common stock or, at our option, one share of our common stock, commencing 12 months following the consummation of this offering. The number of shares of restricted stock to be granted to our executive officers and employees in connection with our initial public offering will be equal to 2.25% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, and for purposes of this prospectus we have assumed that we will sell 35.0 million shares of common stock and the underwriters overallotment option will not be exercised.
Overview
We are a Maryland corporation that was formed in May 2003 to take advantage of the existing and developing investment opportunities in the lodging industry. These diverse lodging investment opportunities may result from inefficiencies related to market illiquidity, supply/ demand imbalances and general business cycles. We will initially target specific opportunities created by the current distressed lodging market but will retain the flexibility to invest in the most attractive risk-reward opportunities as they develop in the lodging business cycle. To our knowledge, we will be one of the few publicly traded REITs, if not the only publicly traded REIT, exclusively focused on investing in the hospitality industry at all levels of the capital structure and across all segments where pricing, yield and capital appreciation advantages may exist. While our initial investment policies are well defined, because we will have approximately $254.1 million of net proceeds for which we have not yet identified specific properties to purchase or investments to make, we will be considered a blind pool. Further, our board of directors may change our investment policies at any time without stockholder approval.
Immediately prior to our formation, all of our senior executive officers were employed by and responsible for the lodging investment activities of Remington Hotel Corporation and its affiliated company, Ashford Financial Corporation, or Ashford Financial. Although these officers have no experience operating a public company or a REIT, they have experience in sourcing, underwriting, operating, repositioning, developing, selling and financing a wide variety of lodging investments. As a result, we believe that we have broad-based experience with the full spectrum of issues and business cycles that affect the lodging industry. Our management team has operated effectively across a variety of lodging-related investment types in both growth and recessionary cycles.
Immediately following the completion of this offering and the formation transactions, we will own six hotel properties, have approximately $254.1 million of cash available to fund the acquisition or origination of lodging-related assets and for general corporate purposes and, with only $16.0 million of mortgage debt, will be relatively unleveraged. This capital structure provides us with the ability to make significant future investments to take advantage of what we believe are current opportunities in the hotel market. We intend to finance our future acquisitions with the net proceeds of this offering and future borrowings; however, we
1
We intend to be self-advised and own our lodging investments and conduct our business through an operating partnership, Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership. We will own an 86.7% interest in our operating partnership. We also intend to elect to be treated as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes. Because of limitations imposed on REITs in operating hotel properties, Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P., or Remington Lodging, will manage our hotel properties. Remington Lodging is wholly owned by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery J. Bennett, who also own 100% of Remington Hotel Corporation, or Remington Hotel, which is one of the largest privately-owned independent hotel management companies in the country and has managed over $1 billion of hotels in 28 states.
Our initial assets will consist of six hotels, four Embassy Suites and two Radisson Hotels, and eight asset management and consulting agreements. We will acquire all of our initial assets from affiliates, including Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett or entities owned by them, Mr. Martin L. Edelman (or his family members), one of our anticipated directors, Mr. David A. Brooks, our Chief Legal Officer, Mr. Mark Nunneley, our Chief Accounting Officer, and two employees of Remington Hotel Corporation. The aggregate value of the consideration to be paid by us in exchange for our initial assets, including assumption of mortgage notes, is $143.5 million. We will own the hotels in fee simple except for the Radisson Hotel located in Covington, Kentucky, which will be owned part in fee simple and part pursuant to a ground lease which expires in 2070 (including all extensions). For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 and the six months ended June 30, 2003, these six hotels had a cumulative net operating loss of $3.1 million, $2.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively, which losses include non-cash expenses for depreciation and amortization of $4.8 million, $4.4 million and $2.2 million for December 31, 2002 and 2001 and the six months ended June 30, 2003, respectively. The asset management and consulting agreements are contracts between Ashford Financial and eight affiliated hotel management companies. Under these agreements, Ashford Financial provides asset management and consulting services to 27 hotels managed under contract with eight management companies beneficially owned by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. After the contribution of these agreements to us, we will take Ashford Financials interest under the agreements and will perform the services instead of Ashford Financial.
Our initial assets were valued based on several factors, including a multiple of expected future earnings, internal rate of return analysis, review of replacement costs and analysis of sales of similar assets. No single factor was given greater weight than any other in valuing these assets. We did not obtain independent appraisals for any of these assets. As a result, such amounts may not reflect fair market value; however, our management believes that the total fair value of all consideration given in connection with our formation transactions (including the assumption of liabilities) is equal to the fair value of the assets acquired, assuming the common stock sold in this offering is sold at the mid-point of the range of prices indicated on the front cover of this prospectus. In connection with the determination of consideration to be paid for each of our initial assets, the total number of shares of common stock or units of our operating partnership is fixed. Accordingly, the ultimate value of the consideration we will deliver in exchange for the initial assets will fluctuate based on the initial public offering price of our stock. Specifically, if the initial public offering price is greater than the mid-point of our estimated range, the contributors of our initial assets will receive consideration greater than our original valuation.
Risk Factors
An investment in our common stock involves various risks. You should carefully consider these and other matters discussed under Risk Factors prior to making an investment in us. Some of these risks include:
| We are a blind pool. We have no operating history, have identified only six hotel properties and no mortgage loans to acquire and have not committed the substantial majority of the anticipated net |
2
offering proceeds to any specific assets. We may be unable to invest our excess proceeds on acceptable terms or at all. | ||
| Our Chairmans and Chief Executive Officers conflicts of interest arising from their ownership interests in our manager (which will receive substantial fees from us) and in other lodging business entities and their and our other officers tax positions and tax indemnification rights may result in management decisions not in the stockholders best interest and may make sales or refinancings of some of our properties less likely. | |
| We did not obtain independent appraisals of the initial hotels or the asset management and consulting agreements contributed to or acquired by us from affiliates. In addition, instead of paying a fixed price for the assets, we will issue a fixed number of interests in our company that have a value based on our initial public offering price. Consequently, the consideration we exchange for the assets may exceed their aggregate fair market value. | |
| We have agreed for a period of up to 10 years to pay the affiliated entities contributing our initial assets the amount of their income tax liability, plus a gross-up amount, if we dispose of any of their contributed properties in a taxable transaction. The partners in the contributing partnership include Messrs. Archie and Monty Bennett, Brooks and Nunneley and family members of Mr. Edelman. | |
| We may have to pay substantial fees to our hotel manager, which is owned by Messrs. Archie and Monty Bennett, upon early termination of our hotel management agreement. | |
| Our mortgage loan assets will generally be non-recourse, will not be government insured and may not be investment grade. In the case of a defaulted non-recourse loan, our recovery will be limited to the value of the underlying property, which may be less than the loan amount. Our mezzanine mortgage loans may be unsecured or secured but subordinated to a senior lender and may become unsecured upon foreclosure. | |
| Interest rate mismatches between our borrowings and our investments as well as changes in prepayment rates on our mortgage loans may reduce our income. | |
| Immediately upon completion of this offering, we will have consolidated mortgage indebtedness of approximately $16.0 million and we are currently seeking a bank credit facility of approximately $120.0 million. While our policy is to limit the leverage on our investments to 60% of gross assets, our board of directors may change this and our other operating policies and strategies at any time without stockholder approval. Our debt service obligations may reduce our cash available for distribution. | |
| We may enter into interest rate hedging transactions, which may reduce our net income because they may be unsuccessful or the counterparties to hedging transactions may not perform their obligations. | |
| Our officers have no experience operating a public company or a REIT. | |
| Hotel operations are sensitive to economic and political conditions. | |
| We depend on the business relationships and experience of our key personnel, the loss of whom could threaten our ability to execute our strategies. | |
| If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to greater federal income tax. | |
| We may not be able to maintain or renew our hotel franchises. | |
| Maintaining our hotels and complying with hotel franchise standards may require us to make significant capital expenditures. | |
| Our lodging-related assets will be illiquid, and sales of hotel investments could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us because of the Internal Revenue Code rules governing REITs. | |
| The costs of compliance with environmental and other regulations by us and the operators of the hotels underlying our loans may harm our operating results. |
3
Our Team
We intend to capitalize on the experience of our senior management in sourcing, underwriting, operating, repositioning, developing, selling and financing lodging-related assets. Our roots in the hotel industry trace back to 1968 when our Chairman, Archie Bennett, Jr., built his first hotel. Since then, Mr. Bennett and certain members of our senior management team have been involved in the investment in, or management of, 190 hotels or mortgage loans secured by hotels, totaling approximately 31,119 rooms in 33 states and in the development of 35 hotels, totaling approximately 9,201 rooms in 11 states.
Historically, our management teams business strategy has been threefold: first, to identify attractive investment opportunities in the lodging industry; second, to match such opportunities with appropriate institutional oriented investors; and third, to manage such investments, including providing development, management and construction services, for the institutional owners. We believe our managements historical background in the hotel industry will allow us to successfully execute our business strategy.
The Chairman of our board of directors, Archie Bennett, Jr., will continue to serve as the Chairman of the board of directors of Remington Hotel Corporation after this offering, and our President and Chief Executive Officer, Montgomery J. Bennett, will continue to serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of Remington Hotel Corporation. Remington Lodging, which is an affiliate of Remington Hotel and which is owned 100% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, will provide management and other related services for our hotel properties after the offering. All other members of our senior management team who were employees of Remington Hotel prior to our formation will resign from Remington Hotel at or prior to the closing of this offering.
Our Business Strategy
We will implement an asset allocation strategy aimed at maximizing stockholder value by providing attractive risk-adjusted returns throughout the business cycles of the lodging industry. We intend to selectively invest capital in a variety of lodging-related assets based on our evaluation of diverse market conditions. By investing in diversified lodging assets, at different levels of a given hotels capital structure, we plan to take advantage of changes in the capital markets. Our investment strategy will target limited and full service hotels in primary, secondary and resort markets throughout the United States. To take full advantage of current and future investment opportunities in the lodging industry, we will invest according to the asset allocation policies described below. Due to changes in market conditions we will continually evaluate the appropriateness of our investment policies and our board of directors may change any or all of these policies at any time, thereby providing us with flexibility in our asset allocation strategy. In addition to our investment activities, we will also perform certain asset management and consulting services for other management companies affiliated with Remington Hotel.
Direct Hotel Investments
We intend to acquire existing hotels and, under appropriate market conditions, to develop new hotels. Our direct hotel acquisition strategy will seek to achieve both current income and income from appreciation. We expect to acquire hotels that either offer a high return on investment or have the opportunity to increase in value through brand repositioning, market based recovery or improved management practices. We believe that values for, and operating performances of, lodging properties are currently below historical levels, making this an attractive time for acquisitions.
Mezzanine Financing
We intend to acquire or originate subordinated loans, also known as mezzanine loans, secured by junior mortgages on hotels or pledges of equity interests in entities owning hotels. These mezzanine loans
4
First Mortgage Financing
We intend to acquire, potentially at a discount to par, or originate loans secured by first priority mortgages on hotels. We may be subject to certain state-imposed licensing regulations related to commercial mortgage lenders, with which we intend to comply. However, because we are not a bank or a federally chartered lending institution, we are not subject to the state and federal regulatory constraints imposed on such entities. Also, because we do not intend to securitize our assets, we expect to be able to offer more flexible terms than commercial lenders who contribute loans to securitized mortgage pools. We anticipate that this asset class will provide us with stable, attractive current yields.
Sale-Leaseback Transactions
We intend to purchase hotels and lease them back to their existing hotel owners. Our sale-leaseback policy will target hotel owners that want the ability to realize the value of their investments while maintaining operating control of their hotels. We will seek to structure the transactions as net leases with participation features, terms ranging up to 20 years plus extension options, and with the operating responsibility for the property assumed by the lessee. We believe these transactions will provide us current income, with growth through contractual rental increases or cash flow participations.
Asset Allocation
Our initial asset allocation strategy will target investment opportunities presented by todays distressed lodging market, which has been characterized by substantial reductions in performance and value of hotel properties. These conditions present significant opportunities for attractive risk-adjusted debt and equity investments. We believe, however, that the significant competitive advantage of our asset allocation strategy is its flexibility, which allows us to reallocate our investments to take advantage of changing opportunities in the lodging market. We intend to evaluate our portfolio on a regular basis to determine if it continues to satisfy our investment criteria. Subject to certain restrictions applicable to REITs, we may sell investments opportunistically. Our decision to sell a hotel often will be predicated upon, among other things: the projected cash flow; size of the hotel; strength of the franchise; property condition and related costs to renovate the property; strength of market demand; projected supply of hotel rooms in the market; probability of increased valuation; and geographic profile of the hotel. Our decision to sell other lodging-related assets will depend upon, among other things, managements forecast and review of the performance of our overall portfolio and managements assessment of changing conditions in the investment and capital markets. We expect our initial asset allocation, once our net proceeds are fully invested, to be approximately 50%-60% in direct hotel investments, 20% to 30% in mezzanine financing, 5% to 10% in first mortgage financing and 5% to 10% in sale-leaseback transactions.
Asset Management and Consulting Services
To comply with the REIT rules, Remington Lodging will perform the day-to-day management activities related to the operations of our properties. However, we will provide certain asset management services to other entities affiliated with Remington Hotel. Specifically, our initial assets will include eight
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Formation Transactions
The principal transactions in connection with our formation and the contribution or acquisition of the initial hotel properties and the other initial assets are as follows:
| We will sell 35,000,000 shares of common stock in the offering and will contribute the net proceeds to Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating partnership. In addition, we will sell privately 500,000 shares of common stock to Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., our Chairman, and Mr. Montgomery Bennett, our President and Chief Executive Officer, at the initial offering price less the underwriting discount. | |
| Four limited partnerships will each contribute a hotel property to us in exchange for limited partnership units in our operating partnership, and one additional limited partnership will contribute a hotel property to us in exchange for limited partnership units and $3 million in cash (which cash will be used by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett to purchase shares of our common stock). Four of these limited partnerships are owned approximately 84.5% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett; approximately 5% by Mr. Martin L. Edelman, one of our directors, or his family members; approximately 5% by Mr. David A. Brooks, our Chief Legal Officer; approximately 2% by Mr. Mark Nunneley, our Chief Accounting Officer; approximately 2.5% by Mr. Mark Sharkey; and approximately 1% by Ms. Mary Villareal, both of whom are employees of Remington Hotel Corporation. The other limited partnership is owned 100% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. In exchange for these five properties, we will: |
| issue to these partnerships 4,632,917 units of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership, valued at approximately $46.3 million based on a value per unit equal to the initial public offering price for our common stock, of which the following persons will beneficially own the following number of units: |
Archie Bennett, Jr.
|
1,974,457 units | |||
Montgomery Bennett
|
1,974,457 units | |||
Martin Edelman
|
220,647 units | |||
David Brooks
|
220,647 units | |||
Mark Nunneley
|
88,257 units | |||
Mark Sharkey
|
110,323 units | |||
Mary Villareal
|
44,129 units |
| assume approximately $63.9 million of mortgage debt secured by the hotel properties, $47.9 million of which will be repaid with the proceeds of this offering, including the pay-off of $6.0 million on the Covington property (after giving effect to an agreed upon discount of $3.3 million) and a $2.9 million payment to Promus Hotels, Inc., as a redemption of the special limited partner on the Las Vegas property. |
6
| A sixth limited partnership will sell a hotel property to us for consideration payable in shares of our common stock. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett own 100% of this partnership. In exchange for this property, we will: |
| issue to this sixth partnership 216,634 shares of our common stock, valued at approximately $2.2 million based on a value per share equal to the initial public offering price; and | |
| assume approximately $17.8 million of mortgage debt secured by the hotel property, which will be repaid with the proceeds of this offering. |
| Ashford Financial Corporation will contribute eight asset management and consulting agreements to us in exchange for 1,025,000 units of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership, valued at approximately $10.25 million based on a value per unit equal to the initial public offering price for our common stock. The asset management and consulting agreements relate to management and consulting services that Ashford Financial Corporation has agreed to perform for 27 hotel properties managed by affiliates of Remington Hotel Corporation. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett own 100% of Ashford Financial Corporation and also own a minority interest in the hotel properties underlying these asset management and consulting agreements. | |
| Four of the six entities contributing initial assets to us will be responsible for the payment of $550,000 of exit fees associated with the pay-off of debt on certain of the initial assets. These exit fee payments will be made from working capital maintained by the respective entities. Substantially all of the balance of any working capital maintained by these entities as well as substantially all of the working capital maintained by the other two entities contributing or selling initial assets to us will be retained by such entities for ultimate distribution to its respective partners. As of June 30, 2003, there is approximately $4.2 million cumulative net working capital in the contributing or selling entities. | |
| We will serve as the sole general partner of our operating partnership, and immediately following the consummation of this offering, we will own an approximately 86.7% limited partnership interest in our operating partnership. | |
| In general, we intend to own our properties and conduct substantially all of our business through our operating partnership and its subsidiaries, including Ashford TRS Corporation, a Delaware corporation. Ashford TRS will operate as a taxable REIT subsidiary or TRS. | |
| Each of the initial properties will be held in a separate partnership. Each such partnership will be our wholly-owned subsidiary. We have established these single-asset entities to facilitate any possible future property-level debt as commercial lenders often prefer borrowers that are single-asset entities. Each of the partnerships in which the initial hotel properties are held will enter into percentage leases with Ashford TRS. | |
| Ashford TRS will enter into a management agreement with Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P., which is wholly-owned by Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., our Chairman, and Mr. Montgomery Bennett, our President and Chief Executive Officer. Pursuant to this agreement, Remington Lodging will manage and provide certain project management services for each of our initial properties. In exchange for such services, Remington Lodging will be entitled to the following fees: |
| a monthly base management fee for each hotel property equal to the greater of: (i) $10,000 (increased annually based on consumer price index) and (ii) 3% of the gross monthly revenues, | |
| an annual incentive management fee equal to the lesser of: (i) 1% of gross annual revenues and (ii) the amount by which the actual gross operating profit exceeds the target gross operating profit in the annual operating budget, and | |
| a project management fee equal to 4% of the total project costs associated with the implementation of the capital improvement budget up to 5% of gross revenue for that fiscal year, and 3% of total project costs to the extent the capital improvement budget and/or | |
7
renovation project involves the expenditure of an amount in excess of 5% of gross revenues for that fiscal year. |
| We and our operating partnership will enter into a mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel, and Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. Pursuant to this exclusivity agreement, we will have a first right of refusal to purchase or originate any lodging-related investments identified by these entities and any of their respective affiliates. Also, pursuant to this agreement, Remington Lodging will manage and provide certain project management and development services for all future properties that we acquire, unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously vote to hire a different manager, or (ii) based on special circumstances or past performance, by a majority vote elect not to engage Remington Lodging because they have determined that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington Lodging or that another manager or developer could perform the duties materially better. In connection with any development services provided by Remington Lodging, Remington Lodging will be entitled to a development fee equal to 3% of the total project costs associated with the development. | |
| In connection with the consummation of this offering and the consummation of the formation transactions, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett will receive certain direct and indirect benefits as described in this prospectus. | |
| Eight employees of Remington Hotel Corporation, including Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett and Messrs. Kessler and Nunneley, and three employees of Ashford Financial Corporation, including Messrs. Kimichik and Brooks, will become our employees. | |
| We will provide registration rights to holders of common stock to be issued either in connection with our acquisition of the initial properties or upon redemption of units in our operating partnership, in each case that were issued in connection with this offering. | |
| The obligation of the transferors or their affiliates to pay tax on the unrealized gain resulting from the transfer of equity interests in the five initial hotels being contributed to us in exchange for limited partnership interests will be deferred. In addition, with respect to the initial contributed properties, we have agreed to pay the contributors tax liability if we reduce the indebtedness related to one of our initial hotels or if we dispose of any of the contributed properties within 10 years of the date of this offering, unless we dispose of such property in a tax-deferred transaction, such as a like-kind exchange under §1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. |
8
Our Structure
The following chart shows the structure of our company following completion of the offering and the formation transactions:
(1) | Certain of our executive officers and employees will own restricted shares, representing approximately 0.91% of our outstanding common stock, subject to vesting requirements; our independent directors will own restricted shares, representing approximately 0.07% of our outstanding common stock; and Friedman Billings Ramsey will beneficially own restricted shares representing 0.25% of our outstanding common stock. The actual number of restricted shares issued to our executive officers and employees will be equal, in the aggregate, to 2.25% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, excluding the 93,149 shares issued to the underwriters. |
(2) | Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett will beneficially own 11.73% of Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (2.42% through their 100% ownership of Ashford Financial Corporation). Mr. Marty Edelman and certain family members will beneficially own 0.52%. Mr. David Brooks will beneficially own 0.52%. Mr. Mark Nunneley will beneficially own 0.21%. Two employees of Remington Hotel Corporation will beneficially own 0.36%. |
(3) | The general partner has no economic interest in the partnership (as permitted under Delaware law). |
9
Benefits to Related Parties
Three of our directors, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett and Mr. Edelman (or his family members), two of our executive officers, Messrs. Brooks and Nunneley, and two employees of Remington Hotel Corporation, Mr. Mark Sharkey and Ms. Mary Villarreal, indirectly own 100% of the interests in the entities that own all of our initial assets. In exchange for these initial assets, we will give total consideration of $143.5 million, in the form of (i) 5,657,917 limited partnership units in our operating partnership, valued at $56.6 million, (ii) 216,634 shares of our common stock, valued at $2.2 million, (iii) $3.0 million in cash and (iv) $81.7 million in the form of assumption of debt ($65.7 million of which will be repaid at closing).
The following chart depicts, on an individual basis, the total value of consideration to be received by each of our affiliates in connection with our acquisition of the initial assets:
Number of Shares | ||||||||||||||||
Number of Units | of Common Stock | Cash | Value of | |||||||||||||
Contributor | to be Received | to be Received | Payments | Consideration | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Archie Bennett, Jr.
|
2,486,957 | 108,317 | $ | 1,500,000 | $ | 27,452,740 | ||||||||||
Montgomery J. Bennett
|
2,486,957 | 108,317 | 1,500,000 | 27,452,740 | ||||||||||||
Marty Edelman
|
220,647 | 2,206,470 | ||||||||||||||
David A. Brooks
|
220,647 | 2,206,470 | ||||||||||||||
Mark Nunneley
|
88,257 | 882,570 | ||||||||||||||
Mark Sharkey
|
110,323 | 1,103,230 | ||||||||||||||
Mary Villareal
|
44,129 | 441,290 |
Additionally, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett beneficially own 100% of Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P., our hotel manager, and will benefit from the payment of management and other fees by us to Remington Lodging pursuant to our management agreement or the mutual exclusivity agreement. We intend to engage Remington Lodging as the property manager for our six initial hotels and for any future hotels that we lease to Ashford TRS. Under the terms of the management agreement, Remington Lodging will receive a base management fee, and if the hotels meet and exceed certain identified thresholds, an additional incentive management fee. In certain instances, Remington Lodging will also be entitled to project management fees and other fees under the management agreement and to development fees under the mutual exclusivity agreement. Set forth below is a summary of each of the fees payable to Remington Lodging and affiliated entities, by hotel property, pursuant to the management agreement and the exclusivity agreement as well as the cumulative amount of such fees for the trailing 12 months ended June 30, 2003 with respect to the six initial properties, assuming these agreements had been in place during such period.
10
Actual Amount for the | ||||||
Initial Properties for the | ||||||
12 months ended | ||||||
Type of Fee | Calculation | June 30, 2003 (1) | ||||
|
|
|
||||
Management Fee
|
Monthly base management fee equal to the greater of: (i) $10,000 (increased annually based on consumer price index) and (ii) 3% of the gross monthly revenues | $ | 1,050,658 | |||
Annual incentive management fee equal to the lesser of: (i) 1% of gross annual revenues and (ii) the amount by which the actual gross operating profit exceeds the target gross operating profit in the annual operating budget. | none | |||||
Project Management Fee
|
4% of the total project costs associated with the implementation of the capital improvement until the total project costs equal 5% of gross revenues, and then 3% of project costs for expenditures in excess of 5% of the gross revenue threshold. | 20,771 | ||||
Development Fee
|
3% of total project costs associated with the development | none | ||||
Other Fees
|
Then-current market rates | 356,531 | ||||
|
||||||
Total | $ | 1,427,960 | (2) |
(1) | Assuming the new management agreement was in place during such period. |
(2) | The total actual amount for the 12 months ended June 30, 2003 paid under the existing management agreement, which will be terminated upon the consummation of this offering, is the same as the total shown assuming the new management agreement was in place during such period. |
We and our operating partnership will enter into a mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel and Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. Pursuant to this agreement, we will have the right of first refusal to pursue all lodging investment opportunities identified by Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel or their affiliates, including Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. Also, if we elect to pursue an investment opportunity that consists of buying a hotel property or buying land for the purpose of building a hotel property or constructing hotel improvements, we will hire Remington Lodging to manage the hotel, build the hotel, construct the improvements or provide project management or other services unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously elect not to engage Remington Lodging, or (ii) based on special circumstances or past performance, by a majority vote elect not to engage Remington Lodging because they have determined that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington Lodging or that another manager or developer could perform the duties materially better. Certain existing investments, management arrangements and exchanges pursuant to existing contractual obligations are excluded from the mutual exclusivity agreement.
Conflicts of Interest
Some of our directors and executive officers have interests that may conflict with our interests and result in them receiving personal benefits from this offering. Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., our Chairman, and his son, Mr. Montgomery Bennett, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and certain of our other executive officers and family members of one of our anticipated directors own beneficial interests in the entities from which we are acquiring our initial assets. As such, they are beneficiaries of the payments to be made by us under the contribution, sale or assignment agreements pursuant to which we will acquire our initial assets in connection with the formation transactions.
11
We have also agreed to indemnify the contributors for any tax liability they incur if we reduce the indebtedness related to one of the contributed properties or if we dispose of any contributed property within 10 years of the date of this offering, unless we dispose of such property in a tax-deferred transaction. We have agreed, until the tenth anniversary of the consummation of this offering, to indemnify each of the contributors of our initial assets, including Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett and certain other affiliates, against adverse tax consequences to them in the event that we directly or indirectly sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of, in a taxable transaction, five properties contributed to us in exchange for operating partnership units. In addition, under the debt maintenance provisions of the tax indemnity agreements, we have agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain certain levels of indebtedness which will, among other things, allow the contributors to defer the recognition of gain in connection with the contribution of one of our hotel properties as part of the formation transactions.
Additionally, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett beneficially own 100% of the manager of our properties, Remington Lodging. Thus, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett will benefit from the fees paid to Remington Lodging under the management agreement as well as any development fees paid to Remington Lodging under the exclusivity agreement. The initial term of the management agreement is 10 years, with three seven-year and one four-year renewal options. Each renewal is within the sole discretion of Remington Lodging, provided it has satisfied certain minimum performance standards. If we terminate the management agreement, we will be required to pay Remington Lodging a substantial termination fee. Additionally, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett will benefit from the terms of the mutual exclusivity agreement, which limit our ability to engage other entities for property management, development, and other project management related services without the unanimous consent of our independent directors or, in certain circumstances, the majority vote of our independent directors.
In addition to their ownership interest in Remington Lodging, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett beneficially own 100% of Remington Hotel and Ashford Financial Corporation. Also, Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., is the Chairman of Remington Hotels board of directors and Mr. Montgomery Bennett is a director of Remington Hotel and is its President and Chief Executive Officer. As a result, their fiduciary duties to us may conflict with their fiduciary duties to and pecuniary interest in Remington Hotel, Remington Lodging and Ashford Financial Corporation. Therefore, the negotiations and agreements between us, our wholly-owned subsidiaries or our operating partnership and these entities and their affiliates may not solely reflect the interests of our stockholders.
To mitigate any potential conflicts of interest, our initial board of directors will consist of five independent directors, out of a total of seven. Furthermore, our charter requires that, at all times, a majority of our board of directors be independent directors. This independent director requirement may not be amended, altered, changed or repealed without the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the independent directors on our board of directors and the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of our then outstanding common stock. Our directors also are subject to provisions of Maryland law that are designed to eliminate or minimize certain potential conflicts of interest. In addition, our charter contains a requirement that any transaction or agreement involving us, our wholly-owned subsidiaries or our operating partnership and a director or officer or an affiliate of any director or officer will require the approval of a majority of disinterested directors. However, there can be no assurance that these policies always will be successful in eliminating the influence of such conflicts, and if they are not successful, decisions could be made that might not fully reflect the interests of all of our stockholders.
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in Maryland on May 13, 2003. Our principal executive offices are located at 14180 Dallas Parkway, 9th floor, Dallas, Texas 75254. Our telephone number is (972) 490-9600. Mr. Montgomery Bennett currently owns all of our outstanding shares of common stock.
We intend to elect to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, we will not incur federal income tax on our earnings to the extent that we distribute those earnings to our stockholders and as long as we meet the tests required by the Internal Revenue Code. However, we will be subject to
12
Common stock | 35,000,000 shares (1) | |
Common stock outstanding after this offering | 36,766,283 shares (2) | |
Proposed NYSE symbol | AHT |
(1) | Does not include 500,000 shares of restricted stock issuable to Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett or 216,634 shares conveyed to a limited partnership, owned by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, in exchange for one of our initial properties. |
(2) | Includes (a) 500,000 shares of restricted stock issuable to Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett; (b) 216,634 shares of restricted stock conveyed to a limited partnership, owned by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, in exchange for one of our initial properties; (c) 25,000 shares of restricted stock issuable to our directors upon consummation of this offering as an inducement to agree to serve on our board; (d) 93,149 shares of restricted stock issuable to Friedman Billings Ramsey upon the consummation of this offering as compensation for services performed in connection with this offering (the actual number of shares issued will depend on the number of shares we sell in the offering); and (e) 931,500 shares of restricted stock issuable to our Chairman, our CEO and President, our Chief Operating Officer, our Chief Legal Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, our Chief Accounting Officer and other employees upon the consummation of this offering, subject to vesting based on continued service by such directors or employment by such officers. The actual number of restricted shares issuable to our executive officers and employees will be equal to 2.25% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, excluding the 93,149 shares issuable to the underwriters. Excludes (a) 5,657,917 shares issuable upon the conversion of units of partnership interest in our operating partnership; and (b) 1,138,500 restricted shares issuable to executive officers and employees as incentive compensation, at the discretion of the compensation committee. The actual number of restricted shares issuable in the future to executive officers and employees as incentive compensation will be equal to 2.75% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, excluding the 93,149 shares issuable to the underwriters. |
Use of Proceeds
We estimate that the net proceeds of this offering will be approximately $322.75 million, based upon the assumed price per share of common stock of $10 and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. If the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in full, our net proceeds will be approximately $371.58 million. We intend to use the net proceeds from the offering as follows:
| approximately $65.7 million to repay mortgage indebtedness secured by the initial properties, including the discounted payoff of Covington debt and the $2.9 million redemption price of the special limited partner; | |
| approximately $3.0 million to pay the cash portion of the acquisition cost related to the contribution of one of our initial properties; and | |
| the remainder to fund the acquisition or origination of lodging-related assets and for general corporate purposes. | |
13
Distribution Policy
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we intend to make annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our taxable income (which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles). Distributions will be authorized by our board of directors and declared by us based upon a variety of factors deemed relevant by our directors, and no assurance can be given that our dividend policy will not change in the future. Our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders will depend, in part, upon our receipt of distributions from our operating partnership, Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, which may depend upon receipt of lease payments with respect to our properties from our indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary and lessee, Ashford TRS, and, in turn, upon the management of our properties by Remington Lodging. Distributions to our stockholders will generally be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary income; however, because a portion of our investments will be equity ownership interests in hotels, which will result in depreciation and non-cash charges against our income, a portion of our distributions may constitute a tax-free return of capital. To the extent not inconsistent with maintaining our REIT status, we may maintain accumulated earnings of Ashford TRS in such entity.
Our charter allows us to issue preferred stock with a preference on distributions. We currently have no intention to issue any preferred stock, but if we do, the dividend preference on the preferred stock could limit our ability to make a dividend distribution to our common stockholders.
We anticipate adopting in the future, a dividend reinvestment plan that allows our stockholders that have enrolled in the plan to reinvest their distributions automatically in additional shares of common stock.
14
Summary Selected Financial Information
The following table sets forth summary selected historical operating and financial data for Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. This information represents the historical financial condition and results of operations of entities that own the initial assets.
The following summary selected historical combined financial information as of December 31, 2002 and 2001 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2002 were derived from audited financial statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus. The following summary selected historical combined financial information as of December 31, 2000, was derived from unaudited financial statements. The following summary selected historical combined financial information as of June 30, 2003 and for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002, were derived from unaudited financial statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited historical combined financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which we consider necessary for a fair presentation of our financial condition and the results of operations as of such dates and for such periods under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
You should read the information below along with all other financial information and analysis presented in this prospectus, including the sections captioned Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.s combined financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Six Months Ended June 30, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
2003 | 2002 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Operating Information:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue
|
$ | 17,858,401 | $ | 18,169,569 | $ | 35,357,781 | $ | 36,215,646 | $ | 29,303,224 | ||||||||||||
Expenses
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses
|
14,063,847 | 13,054,544 | 27,134,438 | 27,381,490 | 20,488,035 | |||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization
|
2,192,332 | 2,249,896 | 4,833,551 | 4,446,486 | 3,249,308 | |||||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net
|
2,999,017 | 3,049,606 | 6,482,710 | 7,294,163 | 4,853,159 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses
|
19,255,196 | 18,354,046 | 38,450,699 | 39,122,139 | 28,590,502 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income
|
$ | (1,396,795 | ) | $ | (184,477 | ) | $ | (3,092,918 | ) | $ | (2,906,493 | ) | $ | 712,722 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Information:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in hotel properties, net
|
$ | 83,118,083 | $ | 85,246,801 | $ | 88,874,078 | $ | 68,292,242 | ||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents
(2)
|
6,827,530 | 6,322,368 | 8,329,486 | 5,991,418 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total assets
|
92,669,265 | 95,416,446 | 100,001,305 | 77,046,232 | ||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage notes payable
|
82,096,150 | 82,126,150 | 80,410,792 | 49,355,734 | ||||||||||||||||||
Capital leases payable
|
528,919 | 621,351 | 277,810 | 92,370 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and owners equity
|
$ | 92,669,265 | $ | 95,416,446 | $ | 100,001,305 | $ | 77,046,232 | ||||||||||||||
Other Information:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash Flow:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Provided by operating activities
|
$ | 2,638,890 | $ | 1,026,672 | $ | 622,734 | $ | 1,108,150 | $ | 4,870,739 | ||||||||||||
Used in investing activities
|
$ | (50,484 | ) | $ | (1,023,366 | ) | $ | (1,079,824 | ) | $ | (24,899,286 | ) | $ | (12,778,381 | ) | |||||||
(Used in) provided by financing activities
|
$ | (1,629,500 | ) | $ | (932,537 | ) | $ | (1,726,457 | ) | $ | 24,921,233 | $ | 8,315,129 | |||||||||
Total number of rooms
|
1,094 | 1,094 | 1,094 | 1,094 | 906 | |||||||||||||||||
Total number of hotels
|
6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
EBITDA
(1)
|
$ | 3,811,403 | $ | 5,132,404 | $ | 8,276,828 | $ | 9,060,687 | $ | 8,976,193 |
(1) | EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We believe EBITDA is useful to investors as an indicator of our ability to service debt and pay cash distributions. EBITDA, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies that do not define EBITDA exactly as we define the term. EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of performance or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as an indicator of liquidity. |
(2) | Includes restricted cash. |
Reconciliation of EBITDA
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income
|
$ | (1,396,795 | ) | $ | (184,477 | ) | $ | (3,092,918 | ) | $ | (2,906,493 | ) | $ | 712,722 | |||||||
Plus depreciation and amortization
|
2,192,332 | 2,249,896 | 4,833,551 | 4,446,486 | 3,249,308 | ||||||||||||||||
Plus interest expense
|
3,015,866 | 3,066,985 | 6,536,195 | 7,520,694 | 5,014,163 | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
EBITDA
|
$ | 3,811,403 | $ | 5,132,404 | $ | 8,276,828 | $ | 9,060,687 | $ | 8,976,193 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
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15
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our common stock involves various risks. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in conjunction with the other information contained in this prospectus before purchasing our common stock. The risks discussed in this prospectus can adversely affect our business, liquidity, operating results, prospects and financial condition. This could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and could cause you to lose all or part of your investment. The risk factors described below are not the only risks that may affect us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us also may adversely affect our business, liquidity, operating results, prospects and financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Business
We are a blind pool and currently have no operations, and a substantial majority of the net offering proceeds has not been committed toward acquiring any specific assets. |
We were organized in May 2003 and have only nominal capitalization, currently equal to $1,000 in cash. Consequently, we are dependent on the net proceeds of the offering to commence our business operations.
We have no operating history, have identified only six hotel properties, several asset management agreements and no mortgage loans to acquire and have not committed approximately 78.7% of the anticipated net proceeds of this offering to purchasing any specific assets. As a result, before investing, investors will not be able to evaluate the historical financial performance or economic merits of any assets we may later buy with our excess proceeds.
We may be unable to invest the excess proceeds raised in our initial public offering on acceptable terms or at all, which would harm our financial condition and operating results. |
Until we identify a real estate investment, including mortgage loans, consistent with our investment criteria, we intend to invest the portion of the proceeds of our initial public offering not used to repay indebtedness on the contributed properties in money market funds. We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify real estate investments that meet our investment criteria, that we will be successful in completing any investment we identify or that any investment we complete using the proceeds of our initial public offering will produce a return on our investment. Moreover, because we will not have identified these future investments at the time of our initial public offering, we will have broad authority to invest the excess proceeds of our initial public offering in any real estate investments that we may identify in the future.
Conflicts of interest could result in our management acting other than in our stockholders best interest. |
Conflicts of interest relating to Remington Hotel Corporation may lead to management decisions that are not in the stockholders best interest. The Chairman of our board of directors, Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., serves as the Chairman of the board of directors of Remington Hotel, and our Chief Executive Officer and President, Mr. Montgomery Bennett serves as the Chief Executive Officer and President of Remington Hotel. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett own 100% of Remington Hotel. After completion of the offering, Remington Lodging, which is also 100% owned by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, will manage our properties and provide related services and continue to provide property management services, fee development services and occasional property identification services for third parties. Additionally, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett will continue to own minority interests in several lodging properties not transferred to our operating partnership in connection with this offering.
Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennetts ownership interests in and management obligations to Remington Hotel and Remington Lodging will present them with conflicts of interest in making management decisions related to the commercial arrangements between us and Remington Hotel and may reduce the time and effort they each spend managing us. Our board of directors has adopted a policy that
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Holders of units in our operating partnership, including members of our management team, may suffer adverse tax consequences upon our sale of certain properties. Therefore, holders of units, either directly or indirectly, including Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, Brooks, Nunneley and Edelman (or his family members), may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of a propertys sale. These officers and directors of ours may influence us not to sell or refinance certain properties, even if such sale or refinancing might be financially advantageous to our stockholders, or to enter into tax deferred exchanges with the proceeds of such sales when such a reinvestment might not otherwise be in our best interest.
In addition, we have agreed to indemnify the contributors of our five initial properties contributed to us for operating partnership units, including (indirectly) Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, Brooks and Nunneley and Edelman (or his family members), against the income tax they may incur if we dispose of an initial property that they contributed to us in exchange for our operating partnership units. Because of this indemnification, our indemnified management team members may make decisions about selling one of the initial properties that is not in our stockholders best interest. If were to sell in a taxable transaction all five of the initial properties contributed to us in exchange for operating partnership units immediately after the closing of the offering, our estimated total tax indemnification obligation to our indemnified contributors, including a gross-up payment we would make, would be approximately $17.3 million.
We have entered into a master hotel management agreement and an exclusivity agreement with Remington Lodging. The management agreement describes the terms of Remington Lodgings management of our initial hotels and any future hotels of ours managed by Remington Lodging. If we terminate the management agreement as to any of the initial hotels, or if we terminate as to any future hotel that becomes subject to the management agreement, we will be required to pay Remington Lodging a substantial termination fee. For example, if we were to terminate the management agreement with respect to all six of our initial hotels immediately after this offering in connection with a sale of those hotels, the fee would be approximately $10.6 million. The exclusivity agreement requires us to engage Remington Lodging, unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously vote to hire a different manager or developer, or (ii) by a majority vote, elect not to engage Remington Lodging because they have determined that special circumstances exist or that, based on Remington Lodgings prior performance, another manager or developer could perform the duties materially better. As the sole owners of Remington Lodging, which would receive any development, management and management termination fees payable by us under the management agreement, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett may influence our decisions to sell a hotel or acquire or develop a hotel when it is not in the best interests of our stockholders to do so.
The consideration we pay for the initial assets may exceed their total fair market value because we did not obtain independent appraisals of the initial assets and the negotiations on the related contribution agreements were not arms length negotiations, and because the value of the consideration will depend on the initial public offering price. |
We did not obtain independent appraisals of the initial properties or the asset management and consulting agreements, and the terms of the contribution and sale agreements relating to these properties and other assets were not negotiated in an arms length transaction. The terms of these agreements and the valuation methods used to determine the value of the assets were determined by our management team. Certain of our directors and certain members of our management team specifically, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, Edelman (or his family members), Brooks and Nunneley, will receive, indirectly through their ownership of the partnerships that currently own the initial hotel properties and Ashford Financial Corporation (which is contributing the asset management and consulting agreements), shares of our common stock and limited partnership units in our operating partnership, which are convertible into shares of our common stock. These officers and directors will receive total consideration for the initial
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In addition, the management agreement between us and Remington Lodging and the exclusivity agreement among us, Remington Hotel, Remington Lodging and Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett were not negotiated in arms length transactions.
We may not realize the full estimated value of the asset management and consulting agreements contributed to us by Ashford Financial Corporation. |
The asset management and consulting agreements contributed to us by Ashford Financial Corporation relate to management and consulting services that Ashford Financial Corporation has agreed to perform for hotel property managers with respect to certain identified hotel properties. Ashford Financial Corporation is 100% owned by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. The agreements provide for annual payments to us, as the assignee of Ashford Financial Corporation, in consideration for our performance of certain asset management and consulting services. These services relate to 27 hotel properties managed by eight management companies. The exact amount of the consideration due to us is contingent upon the revenue generated by the hotels underlying the asset management and consulting agreements. Initially, the estimated payment to us under these agreements will be approximately $1.2 million per year. Ashford Financial Corporation has guaranteed a minimum payment to us of $1.2 million per year, subject to adjustments based on the consumer price index, for five years beginning on the completion of this offering. If any property underlying any asset management and consulting agreement is sold at any time, we will no longer derive any income from such property, and the amount of income we receive under the applicable asset management and consulting agreement will be decreased. Any sale or related decrease in income, however, will not affect the amount guaranteed by Ashford Financial Corporation under its guaranty. Each of the eight management companies is either owned 100% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, or is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Remington Hotel Corporation, which is owned 100% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett also have a minority ownership interest in the hotel properties benefiting from the services provided pursuant to the asset management and consulting agreements. Although they do not own a controlling interest in such properties, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett may benefit from a future sale of the properties.
Tax indemnification obligations that apply in the event that we sell certain properties could limit our operating flexibility. |
If we dispose of any of the five initial properties that were contributed to us in exchange for units in our operating partnership, we may be obligated to indemnify the contributors, in which Messrs. Archie and Monty Bennett have substantial ownership interests, against the tax consequences of the sale. We have agreed to pay a contributors tax liability if we dispose of a property contributed by the contributor in a taxable transaction before the earlier of:
| 10 years after the contribution of such property, and | |
| the date on which the contributor no longer owns, in the aggregate, at least 25% of the units we issued to the contributor at the time of its contribution of property to our operating partnership. |
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This tax indemnity will be equal to the amount of the federal and state income tax liability the contributor incurs with respect to the gain allocated to the contributor. The terms of the contribution agreements also require us to gross up the tax indemnity payment for the amount of income taxes due as a result of the tax indemnity payment. While the tax indemnities do not contractually limit our ability to conduct our business in the way we desire, we are less likely to sell any of the contributed properties in a taxable transaction during the indemnity period. Instead, we would either hold the property for the entire indemnity period or seek to transfer the property in a tax-deferred like-kind exchange. In addition, a condemnation of one of our properties could trigger our tax indemnification obligations.
If we were to sell in a taxable transaction all five of the initial properties contributed to us in exchange for operating partnership units immediately after the closing of the offering, our estimated total tax indemnification obligation to our indemnified contributors, including the gross-up payment, would be approximately $17.3 million. See Certain Relationships and Related Transactions Contribution of Initial Properties.
In addition, under the tax indemnification agreements, we have agreed for a period of 10 years to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain non-recourse mortgage indebtedness in the amount of at least $16.0 million, which will allow the contributors to defer recognition of gain in connection with the contribution of the Las Vegas hotel property as part of our formation.
Our executive officers have no experience operating a public company or REIT. |
None of our executive officers has any experience managing a public company or a REIT. This inexperience on the part of our officers could have an adverse effect on our operations.
Because our executive officers will have broad discretion to allocate proceeds, they may acquire mortgage securities or other assets where the investment returns are substantially below expectations or which result in net operating losses. |
Our executive officers will have broad discretion, within the general investment criteria established by our board of directors, to allocate the proceeds of the offering and to determine the timing of investment of such proceeds. Such discretion could result in allocation of proceeds to assets where the investment returns are substantially below expectations or which result in net operating losses, which would materially and adversely affect our business, operations and results.
Hotel franchise requirements could adversely affect distributions to our stockholders. |
We must comply with operating standards and terms and conditions imposed by the franchisors of the hotel brands under which our initial hotels operate as well as any hotels we may acquire in the future. The franchisors periodically inspect their licensed hotels to confirm adherence to their operating standards. The failure of a hotel to maintain standards could result in the loss or cancellation of a franchise license. With respect to operational standards, we rely on our property manager, Remington Lodging, to conform to such standards. The franchisors may also require us to make certain capital improvements to maintain the hotel in accordance with system standards, the cost of which can be substantial. It is possible that a franchisor could condition the continuation of a franchise on the completion of capital improvements that our management or board of directors determines are too expensive or otherwise not economically feasible in light of general economic conditions or the operating results or prospects of the affected hotel. In that event, our management or board of directors may elect to allow the franchise to lapse or be terminated which could result in a change in brand franchising or operation of the hotel as an independent hotel.
In addition, when the term of a franchise expires, the franchisor has no obligation to issue a new franchise. The loss of a franchise could have a material adverse effect on the operations or the underlying value of the affected hotel because of the loss of associated name recognition, marketing support and centralized reservation systems provided by the franchisor. The loss of a franchise could also have a material adverse effect on cash available for distribution to stockholders.
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The events of September 11, 2001, the current U.S. economic recession and the recent military action in Iraq have negatively affected the performance of the initial properties and the hotel industry and may negatively affect our future results of operations and financial condition. |
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, their after-effects (including the prospects for more terror attacks in the U.S.), the U.S.-led military action in Iraq and the general economic climate have substantially reduced business and leisure travel throughout the United States and hotel industry revenue per available room, or RevPAR, generally. We cannot predict the extent to which these factors will continue to directly or indirectly impact the hotel industry or our operating results in the future. Continued lower RevPAR at the initial properties or any acquired property or a property securing a mortgage loan originated or acquired by us could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, including our ability to remain in compliance with any debt covenants to which we may be or may become subject, our ability to fund capital improvements at our hotels, and our ability to make stockholder distributions necessary to maintain our status as a REIT. Additional terrorist attacks, acts of war or similar events could have further material adverse effects on the hotel industry at large and our operations in particular.
Our investments will be concentrated in particular segments of a single industry. |
Our entire proposed business is hotel related. Our current investment strategy is to acquire or develop mid to upscale hotels, acquire first mortgages on hotel properties, invest in other mortgage-related instruments such as mezzanine loans to hotel owners and operators and participate in hotel sale-leaseback transactions. Continued adverse conditions in the hotel industry will have a material adverse effect on our operating and investment revenues and cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We rely on Remington Lodging to operate our hotels and for our cash flow. |
For us to continue to qualify as a REIT, third parties must operate our hotels. A REIT may lease its hotels to taxable REIT subsidiaries in which the REIT can own up to a 100% interest. A TRS pays corporate level income tax and may retain any after-tax income. A REIT must satisfy certain conditions to use the TRS structure. One of those conditions is that the TRS must hire, to manage the hotels, an eligible independent contractor (EIC) that is actively engaged in the trade or business of managing hotels for parties other than the REIT. An EIC cannot (i) own more than 35% of the REIT, (ii) be owned more than 35% by persons owning more than 35% of the REIT or (iii) provide any income to the REIT ( i.e. , the EIC cannot pay fees to the REIT and the REIT cannot own any debt or equity securities of the EIC).
Accordingly, while we may lease hotels to a TRS that we own, the TRS must engage a third-party operator to manage the hotels and our ability to direct and control how our hotels are operated is less than if we were able to manage our hotels directly. We have entered into a management agreement with Remington Lodging, which is owned 100% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, to manage all of the contributed properties and to manage any new lodging properties that we may later acquire. We do not supervise Remington Lodging or its personnel on a day-to-day basis, and we cannot assure you that Remington Lodging will manage our properties in a manner that is consistent with its obligations under the management agreement or our obligations under our hotel franchise agreements, that Remington Lodging will not be negligent in its performance or engage in other criminal or fraudulent activity, or that Remington Lodging will not otherwise default on its management obligations to us. If any of the foregoing occurs, our relationships with the franchisors may be damaged and we may then be in breach of the franchise agreement, and we could incur liabilities resulting from loss or injury to our property or to persons at our properties, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition, as well as our ability to pay dividends to stockholders.
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If we cannot obtain financing, our growth will be limited. |
We are required to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our taxable income each year to continue to qualify as a REIT. As a result, our retained earnings available to fund acquisitions, development or other capital expenditures are nominal. After investing the proceeds of this offering, we will rely upon the availability of additional debt or equity capital to fund these activities. Our long-term ability to grow through acquisitions or development of hotel-related assets will be limited if we cannot obtain additional financing. Market conditions may make it difficult to obtain financing, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing or that we will be able to obtain it on favorable terms.
Our business strategy depends on our rapid growth and quick investment of the offering proceeds. We may fail to integrate additional investments into our operations or otherwise manage our planned growth, which may adversely affect our operating results. |
Our business plan contemplates a period of rapid growth following the completion of this offering. We cannot assure you that if we in fact experience rapid growth in our investment portfolio we will be able to adapt our management, administrative, accounting and operational systems, or hire and retain sufficient operational staff to integrate these investments into our portfolio and manage any future acquisitions of additional assets without operating disruptions or unanticipated costs. Acquisition of any additional portfolio of properties or mortgages would generate additional operating expenses that we would be required to pay. As we acquire additional assets, we will be subject to the operational risks associated with owning new lodging properties. Our failure to integrate successfully any future acquisitions into our portfolio could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay dividends to stockholders.
We may be unable to generate sufficient revenue from operations to pay our operating expenses and to pay dividends to our stockholders. |
As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income each year to our stockholders. We intend to distribute to our stockholders all or substantially all of our taxable income each year so as to qualify for the tax benefits accorded to REITs, but our ability to make distributions may be adversely affected by the risk factors described in this prospectus. Our initial properties had cumulative net losses of approximately $3.1 million, $2.9 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the six months ended June 30, 2003, respectively. These losses include non-cash expenses for depreciation and amortization of $4.8 million, $4.4 million and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the six months ended June 30, 2003, respectively. We cannot assure you that we will be able to make distributions in the future. In the event of continued or future downturns in our operating results and financial performance or unanticipated capital improvements to our hotels or declines in the value of our mortgage portfolio, we may be unable to declare or pay distributions to our stockholders. The timing and amount of distributions are in the sole discretion of our board of directors, which will consider, among other factors, our financial performance, debt service obligations and applicable debt covenants (if any), and capital expenditure requirements.
We are subject to various risks related to our use of, and dependence on, debt. |
The amount we have to pay on variable rate debt increases as interest rates increase, which may decrease cash available for distribution to stockholders. We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet our debt service obligations. If we do not meet our debt service obligations, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets to foreclosure. Changes in economic conditions or our financial results or prospects could (i) result in higher interest rates on variable rate debt, (ii) reduce the availability of debt financing generally or debt financing at favorable rates, (iii) reduce cash available for distribution to stockholders and (iv) increase the risk that we could be forced to liquidate assets to repay debt, any of which could have a material adverse affect us.
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If we violate covenants in any debt agreements, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Violations of certain debt covenants may result in our being unable to borrow unused amounts under a line of credit, even if repayment of some or all borrowings is not required.
In any event, financial covenants under our current or future debt obligations could impair our planned business strategies by limiting our ability to borrow (i) beyond certain amounts or (ii) for certain purposes.
While our initial policy is to limit the leverage on our investments to 60% of gross assets, our board of directors may change this and our other operating policies and strategies at any time without stockholder approval. Our governing instruments do not contain any limitation on our ability to incur indebtedness.
An interest rate mismatch could occur between asset yields and borrowing rates, resulting in decreased yields on our investment portfolio.
Our operating results will depend in part on differences between the income from our assets (net of credit losses) and our borrowing costs. We intend to fund the origination and acquisition of a portion of our assets with borrowings that have interest rates that reset relatively rapidly, such as monthly or quarterly. We anticipate that, in many cases, the income from our assets will respond more slowly to interest rate fluctuations than the cost of our borrowings, creating a mismatch between asset yields and borrowing rates. Consequently, changes in interest rates, particularly short-term interest rates, may influence our net income. Increases in these rates will tend to decrease our net income and market value of our mortgage assets. We will incur operating losses if interest rate fluctuations result in our interest expense exceeding interest income.
We compete with other hotels for guests. We will also face competition for acquisitions of lodging properties and of desirable mortgage investments. |
The upscale and mid-price segments of the hotel business are competitive. Our hotels compete on the basis of location, room rates, quality, service levels, reputation, and reservation systems, among many other factors. New hotels may be constructed and these additions to supply create new competitors, in some cases without corresponding increases in demand for hotel rooms. The result in some cases may be lower revenue, which would result in lower cash available for distribution to stockholders.
We will compete for hotel acquisitions with entities that have similar investment objectives as we do. This competition could limit the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us. It may also increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell to us, making it more difficult for us to acquire new properties on attractive terms or on the terms contemplated in our business plan.
We will also compete for mortgage asset investments with numerous public and private real estate investment vehicles, such as mortgage banks, pension funds, other REITs, institutional investors and individuals. Mortgages and other investments are often obtained through a competitive bidding process. In addition, competitors may seek to establish relationships with the financial institutions and other firms from which we intend to purchase such assets. Competition may result in higher prices for mortgage assets, lower yields and a narrower spread of yields over our borrowing costs.
In addition, competition for desirable investments could delay the investment of proceeds from this offering in desirable assets, which may, in turn, negatively affect our ability to pay dividends. There can be no assurance that we will achieve investment results that will allow any specified level of cash distribution.
Many of our competitors are larger than us, may have access to greater capital, marketing and other resources, may have personnel with more experience than our officers, may be able to accept higher levels of debt or otherwise may tolerate more risk than us, may have better relations with hotel franchisors, sellers or lenders and may have other advantages over us in conducting certain business and providing certain services.
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We may engage in hedging transactions, which can limit our gains and increase exposure to losses. |
We may enter into hedging transactions to protect us from the effects of interest rate fluctuations on floating rate debt and also to protect our portfolio of mortgage assets from interest rate and prepayment rate fluctuations. Our hedging transactions may include entering into interest rate swap agreements or interest rate cap or floor agreements, purchasing or selling futures contracts, purchasing put and call options on securities or securities underlying futures contracts, or entering into forward rate agreements. Hedging activities may not have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition. No hedging activity can completely insulate us from the risks associated with changes in interest rates and prepayment rates. Moreover, interest rate hedging could fail to protect us or adversely affect us because, among other things:
| Available interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which protection is sought. | |
| The duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability. | |
| The party owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay. | |
| The credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction. | |
| The value of derivatives used for hedging may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with accounting rules to reflect changes in fair value. Downward adjustments, or mark-to-market losses, would reduce our stockholders equity. |
Hedging involves risk and typically involves costs, including transaction costs, that may reduce our overall returns on our investments. These costs increase as the period covered by the hedging increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest rates. These costs will also limit the amount of cash available for distributions to stockholders. We generally intend to hedge as much of the interest rate risk as management determines is in our best interests given the cost of such hedging transactions. The REIT qualification rules may limit our ability to enter into hedging transactions by requiring us to limit our income from qualified hedges. See Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively. If we are unable to hedge effectively because of the REIT rules, we will face greater interest rate exposure than may be commercially prudent.
We may not be able to sell our investments on favorable terms. |
We may decide to sell investments for a variety of reasons. We cannot assure you that we will be able to sell any of our investments on favorable terms, or that our investments will not be sold for a loss.
Risks Related to Hotel Investments
We are subject to general risks associated with operating hotels. |
Our hotels (and the hotels underlying our mortgage and mezzanine loans) are subject to various operating risks common to the hotel industry, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:
| our hotels compete with other hotel properties in their geographic markets and many of our competitors have substantial marketing and financial resources; | |
| over-building in our markets, which adversely affects occupancy and revenues at our hotels; | |
| dependence on business and commercial travelers and tourism; and | |
| adverse effects of general, regional and local economic conditions and increases in energy costs or labor costs and other expenses affecting travel, which may affect travel patterns and reduce the number of business and commercial travelers and tourists. |
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These factors could adversely affect our hotel revenues and expenses, as well as the hotels underlying our mortgage and mezzanine loans, which in turn would adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We may have to make significant capital expenditures to maintain our lodging properties. |
Our hotels have an ongoing need for renovations and other capital improvements, including replacements of furniture, fixtures and equipment. The franchisors of our hotels may also require periodic capital improvements as a condition of keeping the franchise licenses. Generally, we are responsible for the costs of these capital improvements, which gives rise to the following risks:
| cost overruns and delays; | |
| renovations can be disruptive to operations and can displace revenue at the hotels, including revenue lost while rooms under renovation are out of service; | |
| the cost of funding renovations and the possibility that financing for these renovations may not be available on attractive terms; and | |
| the risk that the return on our investment in these capital improvements will not be what we expect. |
If we have insufficient cash flow from operations to fund needed capital expenditures, then we will need to borrow to fund future capital improvements.
The hotel business is seasonal, which will affect our results of operations from quarter to quarter. |
The hotel industry is seasonal in nature. Generally, occupancy rates and hotel revenues are greater in the second and third quarters than in the first and fourth quarters. This seasonality can cause quarterly fluctuations in our revenues.
Our development activities may be more costly than we have anticipated. |
As part of our growth strategy, we may develop additional hotels. Hotel development involves substantial risks, including that:
| actual development costs may exceed our budgeted or contracted amounts; | |
| construction delays may prevent us from opening hotels on schedule; | |
| we may not be able to obtain all necessary zoning, land use, building, occupancy and construction permits; | |
| our developed properties may not achieve our desired revenue or profit goals; | |
| we face intense competition for suitable development sites from competitors with greater financial resources than ours; and | |
| we may incur substantial development costs and then have to abandon a development project before completion. |
Risks Relating to Investments in Mortgages and Mezzanine Loans
Mortgage investments that are not United States government insured and non-investment grade mortgage assets involve risk of loss. |
We intend to originate and acquire lodging-related uninsured and non-investment grade mortgage loans and mortgage assets, including mezzanine loans, as part of our investment strategy. While holding these interests, we will be subject to risks of borrower defaults, bankruptcies, fraud and losses and special hazard losses that are not covered by standard hazard insurance. Also, the costs of financing the mortgage
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We intend to invest in non-recourse loans, which will limit our recovery to the value of the mortgaged property. |
Our mortgage loan assets will generally be non-recourse. With respect to our non-recourse mortgage loan assets, in the event of a borrower default, the specific mortgaged property and other assets, if any, pledged to secure the relevant mortgage loan, may be less than the amount owed under the mortgage loan. As to those mortgage loan assets that provide for recourse against the borrower and its assets generally, we cannot assure you that the recourse will provide a recovery in respect of a defaulted mortgage loan greater than the liquidation value of the mortgaged property securing that mortgage loan.
Interest rate fluctuations will affect the value of our mortgage assets, net income and common stock. |
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. Interest rate fluctuations can adversely affect our income and value of our common stock in many ways and present a variety of risks including the risk of variances in the yield curve, a mismatch between asset yields and borrowing rates, and changing prepayment rates.
Variances in the yield curve may reduce our net income. The relationship between short-term and longer-term interest rates is often referred to as the yield curve. Short-term interest rates are ordinarily lower than longer-term interest rates. If short-term interest rates rise disproportionately relative to longer-term interest rates (a flattening of the yield curve), our borrowing costs may increase more rapidly than the interest income earned on our assets. Because our assets may bear interest based on longer-term rates than our borrowings, a flattening of the yield curve would tend to decrease our net income and the market value of our mortgage loan assets. Additionally, to the extent cash flows from investments that return scheduled and unscheduled principal are reinvested in mortgage loans, the spread between the yields of the new investments and available borrowing rates may decline, which would likely decrease our net income. It is also possible that short-term interest rates may exceed longer-term interest rates (a yield curve inversion), in which event our borrowing costs may exceed our interest income and we could incur operating losses.
The effect of a mismatch between asset yields and borrowing rates is explained above under Risks Related to our Business An interest rate mismatch could occur between asset yields and borrowing rates, resulting in decreased yields on our investment portfolio. The effect of mortgage prepayments are explained in the risk factor immediately below.
Prepayment rates on our mortgage loans may adversely affect our yields. |
The value of our mortgage loan assets may be affected by prepayment rates on investments. Prepayment rates are influenced by changes in current interest rates and a variety of economic, geographic and other factors beyond our control, and consequently, such prepayment rates cannot be predicted with certainty. To the extent we originate mortgage loans, we expect that such mortgage loans will have a measure of protection from prepayment in the form of prepayment lock-out periods or prepayment penalties. However, this protection may not be available with respect to investments that we acquire but do not originate. In periods of declining mortgage interest rates, prepayments on mortgages generally increase. If general interest rates decline as well, the proceeds of such prepayments received during such periods are likely to be reinvested by us in assets yielding less than the yields on the investments that were prepaid. In addition, the market value of mortgage investments may, because of the risk of prepayment, benefit less from declining interest rates than from other fixed-income securities. Conversely, in periods of
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Before making any investment, we will consider the expected yield of the investment and the factors that may influence the yield actually obtained on such investment. These considerations will affect our decision whether to originate or purchase such an investment and the price offered for such an investment. No assurances can be given that we can make an accurate assessment of the yield to be produced by an investment. Many factors beyond our control are likely to influence the yield on the investments, including, but not limited to, competitive conditions in the local real estate market, local and general economic conditions and the quality of management of the underlying property. Our inability to accurately assess investment yields may result in our purchasing assets that do not perform as well as expected, which may adversely affect the price of our common stock.
Volatility of values of mortgaged properties may adversely affect our mortgage loans. |
Lodging property values and net operating income derived from lodging properties are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including the risk factors described in this prospectus relating to general economic conditions, operating lodging properties and owning real estate investments. In the event its net operating income decreases, a borrower may have difficulty paying our mortgage loan, which could result in losses to us. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our mortgage loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.
Mezzanine loans involve greater risks of loss than senior loans secured by income producing properties. |
We expect to make and acquire mezzanine loans. These types of mortgage loans are considered to involve a higher degree of risk than long-term senior mortgage lending secured by income-producing real property due to a variety of factors, including the loan being entirely unsecured or, if secured, becoming unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. We may not recover some or all of our investment in these loans. In addition, mezzanine loans may have higher loan-to-value ratios than conventional mortgage loans resulting in less equity in the property and increasing the risk of loss of principal.
We have not established investment criteria limiting geographical concentration of our mortgage investments or requiring a minimum credit quality of borrowers. |
We have not established any limit upon the geographic concentration of properties securing mortgage loans acquired or originated by us or the credit quality of borrowers of uninsured mortgage assets acquired or originated by us. As a result, properties securing our mortgage loans may be overly concentrated in certain geographic areas and the underlying borrowers of our uninsured mortgage assets may have low credit quality. We may experience losses due to geographic concentration or low credit quality.
Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
Mortgage debt obligations expose us to increased risk of property losses, which could harm our financial condition, cash flow and ability to satisfy our other debt obligations and pay dividends. |
Incurring mortgage debt increases our risk of property losses because defaults on indebtedness secured by properties may result in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders and ultimately our loss of the property securing any loans for which we are in default. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure but would not receive any cash proceeds. As a result, we may be required to identify and utilize other sources of cash for distributions to our stockholders of that income.
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In addition, our default under any one of our mortgage debt obligations may increase the risk of our default on our other indebtedness. If this occurs, our financial condition, cash flow and ability to satisfy our other debt obligations or ability to pay dividends may be harmed.
Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition. |
Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to promptly sell one or more properties or mortgage loans in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited. The real estate market is affected by many factors that are beyond our control, including:
| adverse changes in national and local economic and market conditions; | |
| changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and terms of debt financing; | |
| changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning and other ordinances and costs of compliance with laws and regulations; | |
| the ongoing need for capital improvements, particularly in older structures; | |
| changes in operating expenses; and | |
| civil unrest, acts of war and natural disasters, including earthquakes and floods, which may result in uninsured and underinsured losses. |
We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property or loan for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property or loan. Because we intend to offer more flexible terms on our mortgage loans than some providers of commercial mortgage loans, we may have more difficulty selling or participating our loans to secondary purchasers than would these more traditional lenders.
We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements. In acquiring a property, we may agree to lock-out provisions that materially restrict us from selling that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These factors and any others that would impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition, as well as our ability to pay dividends to stockholders.
The costs of compliance with or liabilities under environmental laws may harm our operating results. |
Our properties (and the properties underlying our mortgage loans) may be subject to environmental liabilities. An owner of real property can face liability for environmental contamination created by the presence or discharge of hazardous substances on the property. We may face liability regardless of:
| our knowledge of the contamination; | |
| the timing of the contamination; | |
| the cause of the contamination; or | |
| the party responsible for the contamination of the property. |
There may be environmental problems associated with our properties of which we are unaware. Some of our properties use, or may have used in the past, underground tanks for the storage of petroleum-based or waste products that could create a potential for release of hazardous substances. If environmental contamination exists on our properties, we could become subject to strict, joint and several liability for the
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The presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect our ability to sell the property and we may incur substantial remediation costs. The discovery of environmental liabilities attached to our properties could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay dividends to stockholders.
We will seek environmental insurance policies on each of our six initial properties, and we intend to obtain environmental insurance for any other properties that we may acquire. However, if environmental liabilities are discovered during the underwriting of the insurance policies for our initial properties, or any subsequently acquired property, we may be unable to obtain insurance coverage for the liabilities at commercially reasonable rates or at all, and we may experience losses.
Our properties (and the properties underlying our mortgage loans) may contain or develop harmful mold, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediating the problem. |
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing as exposure to mold may cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of significant mold at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold from the affected property. In addition, the presence of significant mold could expose us to liability from our guests, employees of ours or of Remington Lodging and others if property damage or health concerns arise.
Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and fire, safety and other regulations may require us to make unintended expenditures that adversely impact our operating results. |
All of our properties (and the properties underlying our mortgage loans) are required to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act, or the ADA. The ADA requires that public accommodations such as hotels be made accessible to people with disabilities. Compliance with the ADA requirements could require removal of access barriers and non-compliance could result in imposition of fines by the U.S. government or an award of damages to private litigants, or both. We may be required to expend funds to comply with the provisions of the ADA at our hotels, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to make distributions to stockholders. In addition, we are required to operate our properties in compliance with fire and safety regulations, building codes and other land use regulations, as they may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies and become applicable to our properties. We may be required to make substantial capital expenditures to comply with those requirements and these expenditures could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition, as well as our ability to pay dividends to stockholders.
We may experience uninsured or underinsured losses. |
Upon closing of this offering, we will have (i) property and casualty insurance with respect to our six initial properties, as well as any other property we may acquire before the closing of this offering, and (ii) other insurance, in each case, with loss limits and coverages deemed reasonable by our management (and with the intent to satisfy the requirements of lenders and franchisors). In doing so, we have made decisions with respect to what deductibles, policy limits and terms are reasonable based on managements experience, our risk profile, the loss history of Remington Hotel Corporation and the initial properties, the nature of the initial properties and our businesses, our loss prevention efforts and the cost of insurance.
Various types of catastrophic losses may not be insurable or may not be economically insurable. In the event of a substantial loss, our insurance coverage may not cover the full current market value or replacement cost of our lost investment. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors might cause insurance proceeds to be insufficient to fully replace or
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Merrill Lynch Capital, a division of Merrill Lynch Business Financial Services, Inc. and our lender on the Las Vegas Embassy Suites property, requires us to maintain certain insurance coverages, and we anticipate that future lenders will have similar requirements. We believe that we have complied with the insurance maintenance requirements under the current governing loan documents and we intend to comply with any such requirements in any future loan documents. However, a lender may disagree, in which case the lender could obtain additional coverages and seek payment from us, or declare us in default under the loan documents. In the former case, we could spend more for insurance than we otherwise deem reasonable or necessary, or, in the latter case, subject us to a foreclosure on hotels collateralizing one or more loans. In addition, a material casualty to one or more hotels collateralizing loans may result in (i) the insurance company applying to the outstanding loan balance insurance proceeds that otherwise would be available to repair the damage caused by the casualty, which would require us to fund the repairs through other sources, or (ii) the lender foreclosing on the hotels if there is a material loss that is not insured.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
If we do not qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to tax as a regular corporation and face substantial tax liability. |
We expect to operate so as to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. However, qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code provisions for which only a limited number of judicial or administrative interpretations exist. Even a technical or inadvertent mistake could jeopardize our REIT status. Furthermore, new tax legislation, administrative guidance or court decisions, in each instance potentially with retroactive effect, could make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify as a REIT. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any tax year, then:
| we would be taxed as a regular domestic corporation, which, among other things, means being unable to deduct distributions to stockholders in computing taxable income and being subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates; | |
| any resulting tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to stockholders; and | |
| unless we were entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions, we would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year during which we lost our qualification, and, thus, our cash available for distribution to stockholders would be reduced for each of the years during which we did not qualify as a REIT. |
Even if we remain qualified as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow. |
Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets. For example:
| We will be required to pay tax on undistributed REIT taxable income. | |
| We may be required to pay the alternative minimum tax on our items of tax preference. |
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| If we have net income from the disposition of foreclosure property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we must pay tax on that income at the highest corporate rate. | |
| If we sell a property in a prohibited transaction, our gain from the sale would be subject to a 100% penalty tax. A prohibited transaction would be a sale of property, other than a foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. | |
| Our taxable REIT subsidiary, Ashford TRS, is a fully taxable corporation and will be required to pay federal and state taxes on its income. |
Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities. |
To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively. |
The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code may limit our ability to hedge mortgage securities and related borrowings by requiring us to limit our income in each year from qualified hedges, together with any other income not generated from qualified real estate assets, to no more than 25% of our gross income. In addition, we must limit our aggregate income from nonqualified hedging transactions, from our provision of services and from other non-qualifying sources to no more than 5% of our annual gross income. As a result, we may have to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques. This could result in greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to incur. If we were to violate the 25% or 5% limitations, we may have to pay a penalty tax equal to the amount of income in excess of those limitations, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. If we fail to satisfy the REIT gross income tests, unless our failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, we could lose our REIT status for federal income tax purposes.
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. |
To qualify as a REIT, we must also ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer and no more than 20% of the value of our total securities can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct such failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter to avoid losing our REIT status and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to borrow to make distributions to stockholders. |
As a REIT, we must distribute at least 90% of our annual taxable income (subject to certain adjustments) to our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy the distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws.
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From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our net income for financial reporting purposes due to, among other things, amortization of capitalized purchase premiums, or our taxable income may be greater than our cash flow available for distribution to stockholders. If we do not have other funds available in these situations, we could be required to borrow funds, sell investments at disadvantageous prices or find another alternative source of funds to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity.
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could reduce the market price of our common stock. |
At any time, the federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended. Any of those new laws or interpretations may take effect retroactively and could adversely affect us or you as a stockholder. On May 28, 2003, the President signed the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, which we refer to as the Jobs and Growth Tax Act. Effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2002, the Jobs and Growth Tax Act will generally reduce the maximum rate of tax applicable to individuals on dividend income from regular C corporations from 38.6% to 15.0%. This will reduce substantially the so-called double taxation (that is, taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels) that has generally applied to corporations that are not taxed as REITs. Generally, dividends from REITs will not qualify for the dividend tax reduction because, as a result of the dividends paid deduction to which REITs are entitled, REITs generally do not pay corporate level tax on income that they distribute to stockholders. The implementation of the Jobs and Growth Tax Act could cause individual investors to view stocks of non-REIT corporations as more attractive relative to shares of REITs than was the case previously because the dividends paid by non-REIT corporations would be subject to lower tax rates for the individual. Due to the very recent enactment of this legislation, we cannot predict whether in fact this will occur or whether, if it occurs, what the impact will be on the value of our common shares.
Your investment in our common stock has various federal, state and local income tax risks that could affect the value of your investment. |
Although the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code relevant to your investment in our common stock are generally described in Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT, we strongly urge you to consult your own tax advisor concerning the effects of federal, state and local income tax law on an investment in our common stock, because of the complex nature of the tax rules applicable to REITs and their stockholders.
Risk Factors Related to This Offering and Our Corporate Structure
We cannot assure you that a public market for our common stock will develop. |
Prior to the offering, there has not been a public market for our common stock, and we cannot assure you that a regular trading market for the shares of common stock offered hereby will develop or, if developed, that any such market will be sustained. In the absence of a public trading market, an investor may be unable to liquidate an investment in our common stock. The initial public offering price has been determined by us and the underwriter. We cannot assure you that the price at which the shares of common stock will sell in the public market after the closing of the offering will not be lower than the price at which they are sold by the underwriter. While there can be no assurance that a market for the common stock will develop, we intend to apply for listing of our shares of common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol AHT.
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There are no assurances of our ability to make distributions in the future. |
We intend to pay quarterly dividends and to make distributions to our stockholders in amounts such that all or substantially all of our taxable income in each year, subject to certain adjustments, is distributed. This, along with other factors, should enable us to qualify for the tax benefits accorded to a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. However, our ability to pay dividends may be adversely affected by the risk factors described in this prospectus. All distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our REIT status and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. There are no assurances of our ability to pay dividends in the future. In addition, some of our distributions may include a return of capital.
Failure to maintain an exemption from the Investment Company Act would adversely affect our results of operations. |
We believe that we will conduct our business in a manner that allows us to avoid registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, or the 1940 Act. Under Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act, entities that are primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate are not treated as investment companies. The SEC staffs position generally requires us to maintain at least 55% of our assets directly in qualifying real estate interests to be able to rely on this exemption. To constitute a qualifying real estate interest under this 55% requirement, a real estate interest must meet various criteria. Mortgage securities that do not represent all of the certificates issued with respect to an underlying pool of mortgages may be treated as securities separate from the underlying mortgage loans and, thus, may not qualify for purposes of the 55% requirement. Our ownership of these mortgage securities, therefore, is limited by the provisions of the 1940 Act and SEC staff interpretive positions. There are no assurances that efforts to pursue our intended investment program will not be adversely affected by operation of these rules.
Our charter does not permit ownership in excess of 9.8% of our capital stock, and attempts to acquire our capital stock in excess of the 9.8% limit without prior approval from our board of directors are void. |
For the purpose of preserving our REIT qualification, our charter prohibits direct or constructive ownership by any person of more than 9.8% of the lesser of the total number or value of the outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares of our preferred stock. Our charters constructive ownership rules are complex and may cause the outstanding stock owned by a group of related individuals or entities to be deemed to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of the outstanding stock by an individual or entity could cause that individual or entity to own constructively in excess of 9.8% of the outstanding stock, and thus be subject to our charters ownership limit. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of our common or preferred stock in excess of the ownership limit without the consent of the board of directors will be void, and could result in the shares being automatically transferred to a charitable trust.
Because provisions contained in Maryland law and our charter may have an anti-takeover effect, investors may be prevented from receiving a control premium for their shares. |
Provisions contained in our charter and Maryland general corporation law may have effects that delay, defer or prevent a takeover attempt, which may prevent stockholders from receiving a control premium for their shares. For example, these provisions may defer or prevent tender offers for our common stock or purchases of large blocks of our common stock, thereby limiting the opportunities for our stockholders to receive a premium for their common stock over then-prevailing market prices. These provisions include the following:
| Ownership limit: The ownership limit in our charter limits related investors, including, among other things, any voting group, from acquiring over 9.8% of our common stock without our permission. |
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| Preferred stock: Our charter authorizes our board of directors to issue preferred stock in one or more classes and to establish the preferences and rights of any class of preferred stock issued. These actions can be taken without soliciting stockholder approval. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying or preventing someone from taking control of us, even if a change in control were in our stockholders best interests. |
Maryland statutory law provides that an act of a director relating to or affecting an acquisition or a potential acquisition of control of a corporation may not be subject to a higher duty or greater scrutiny than is applied to any other act of a director. Hence, directors of a Maryland corporation are not required to act in takeover situations under the same standards as apply in Delaware and other corporate jurisdictions.
Future offerings of debt securities, which would be senior to our common stock upon liquidation, or equity securities, which would dilute our existing stockholders and may be senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividend distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. |
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of debt or equity securities, including commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior or subordinated notes and classes of preferred stock or common stock. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability to make a dividend distribution to the holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their stock holdings in us.
Common stock eligible for future sale may have adverse effects on our share price. |
We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future sales of common stock, or the availability of common stock for future sales, on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock (including up to (i) 93,149 shares of common stock issuable to Friedman Billings Ramsey upon consummation of this offering, (ii) 5,657,917 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of units of our operating partnership, (iii) 956,500 restricted shares, issued to certain of our directors, executive officers and employees, which, in the case of the executive officers and employees, are subject to continued employment by such officer or employee and (iv) restricted shares issuable to executive officers only if specified performance criteria are identified), or the perception that these sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock.
Each of our directors and executive officers who has received stock grants has entered into lock up agreements with respect to their common stock, restricting the sale of his shares, for 180 days. The underwriters, at any time, may release all or a portion of the common stock subject to the foregoing lock-up provisions. If the restrictions under such agreements are waived, the affected common stock may be available for sale into the market, which could reduce the market price for our common stock.
We also may issue from time to time additional shares of common stock or units of our operating partnership in connection with the acquisition of properties and we may grant additional demand or piggyback registration rights in connection with these issuances. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock or the perception that these sales could occur may adversely affect the prevailing market price for our common stock or may impair our ability to raise capital through a sale of additional equity securities.
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We depend on key personnel with long-standing business relationships, the loss of whom could threaten our ability to operate our business successfully. |
Our future success depends, to a significant extent, upon the continued services of our management team. In particular, the lodging industry experience of Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, Kessler, Brooks, Kimichik and Nunneley and the extent and nature of the relationships they have developed with hotel franchisors, operators and owners and hotel lending and other financial institutions are critically important to the success of our business. We do not maintain key person life insurance on any of our officers. Although these officers currently have employment agreements with us through 2006 (2007 for Mr. Montgomery Bennett), we cannot assure you of the continued employment of all of our officers. The loss of services of one or more members of our corporate management team could harm our business and our prospects.
Investors in this offering will experience immediate and significant dilution in the book value per share. |
The initial public offering price of our common stock is substantially higher than what our net tangible book value per share will be immediately after this offering. Purchasers of our common stock in this offering will incur immediate dilution of approximately $2.19 in net tangible book value per share of common stock from the price payable for our common stock in this offering.
An increase in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities. |
One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell our securities is our dividend rate as a percentage of our share or unit price, relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates increase, prospective investors may desire a higher dividend or interest rate on our securities or seek securities paying higher dividends or interest. The market price of our common stock likely will be based primarily on the earnings and return that we derive from our investments and income with respect to our properties and our related distributions to stockholders, and not from the market value or underlying appraised value of the properties or investments themselves. As a result, interest rate fluctuations and capital market conditions can affect the market price of our common stock. For instance, if interest rates rise without an increase in our dividend rate, the market price of our common stock could decrease because potential investors may require a higher dividend yield on our common stock as market rates on interest-bearing securities, such as bonds, rise. In addition, rising interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our variable rate debt, thereby adversely affecting cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and pay dividends.
Our major policies, including our policies and practices with respect to investments, financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and distributions, are determined by our board of directors. Although we have no present intention to do so, our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies from time to time without a vote of our stockholders. Accordingly, our stockholders will have limited control over changes in our policies and the changes could harm our business, results of operations and share price. |
Although we have adopted a policy pursuant to which we plan to maintain the amount of indebtedness that we incur at no more than 60% of our gross assets, our board may amend or waive this debt policy and our other operating policies at any time without stockholder approval and without notice to stockholders. Changes in our strategy or investment or leverage policy could expose us to greater credit risk and interest rate risk or could result in a more leveraged balance sheet. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies and strategies may have on our business, operating results and stock price. However, the effects may be adverse.
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A WARNING ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We make forward-looking statements in this prospectus that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. Statements regarding the following subjects are forward-looking by their nature:
| our business and investment strategy; | |
| our projected operating results; | |
| completion of any pending transactions; | |
| our ability to obtain future financing arrangements; | |
| our understanding of our competition; | |
| market trends; | |
| projected capital expenditures; | |
| the impact of technology on our operations and business; and | |
| use of the proceeds of this offering. |
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider this risk when you make an investment decision concerning our common stock. Additionally, the following factors could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:
| the factors discussed in this prospectus, including those set forth under the sections titled Risk Factors, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations and Business and Properties; | |
| general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common stock; | |
| changes in our business or investment strategy; | |
| availability, terms and deployment of capital; | |
| availability of qualified personnel; | |
| changes in our industry and the market in which we operate, interest rates or the general economy; and | |
| the degree and nature of our competition. |
When we use the words will likely result, may, anticipate, estimate, should, expect, believe, intend, or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds of this offering will be approximately $322.75 million, based upon the assumed price per share of common stock of $10 and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. If the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in full, our net proceeds will be approximately $371.58 million. We intend to use the net proceeds from the offering as follows:
| approximately $65.7 million to repay the following indebtedness secured by the initial properties: |
| a loan secured by our Embassy Suites located in Dallas, Texas, our Embassy Suites Dulles Airport located in Herndon, Virginia and our Embassy Suites located in Austin, Texas with a principal amount outstanding of $39.0 million, an interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.4% with a floor on LIBOR of 5%, an exit fee of 1% (which will be paid by certain of the contributors) and a term ending March 1, 2004; | |
| a loan secured by our Radisson Hotel located in Covington, Kentucky with a principal amount outstanding of $9.3 million, but a discounted pay-off amount of $6.0 million, an interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.50% and a term ending November 30, 2003; | |
| a loan secured by our Radisson Hotel MacArthur Airport located in Holtsville, New York, with a principal amount outstanding of $17.8 million, an interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.50% and a term ending January 31, 2004; | |
| a special partnership interest held by Promus Hotels, Inc. in the partnership that owns the Embassy Suites located in Las Vegas, Nevada, with an outstanding investment of $2.9 million subject to a guaranteed annual return of 11%, which return is current and would be the equivalent of an interest rate if such special partnership interest were structured as debt; |
| approximately $3.0 million to pay the cash portion of the acquisition cost related to our acquisition of the Embassy Suites located in Las Vegas, Nevada; and | |
| the remainder to fund the acquisition or origination of lodging-related assets and for general corporate purposes. | |
A tabular presentation of our estimated use of proceeds follows:
Percentage | ||||||||
of Gross | ||||||||
Dollar Amount | Proceeds | |||||||
|
|
|||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Gross offering proceeds
|
$ | 350,000 | 100.00 | % | ||||
Underwriting discounts and commissions
|
24,500 | 7.00 | ||||||
Other expenses of offering
|
2,750 | 0.79 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
Net offering proceeds
|
$ | 322,750 | 92.21 | % | ||||
|
|
|||||||
Estimated amount of net proceeds used to repay
indebtedness related to our initial assets
|
$ | 65,700 | 18.77 | % | ||||
Estimated amount to pay cash portion of
acquisition cost of one hotel
|
3,000 | 0.86 | ||||||
Estimated amount allocated to fund future
acquisitions and for general corporate purposes
|
254,050 | 72.58 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
Total net offering proceeds used
|
$ | 322,750 | 92.21 | % | ||||
|
|
|||||||
Total underwriting discounts, commissions and
other expenses
|
27,250 | 7.79 | ||||||
Total application of gross offering proceeds
|
$ | 350,000 | 100.00 | % | ||||
|
|
Pending these uses, we intend to make temporary investments in money market funds.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth:
| the historical capitalization of the initial assets, which includes the entities that own the initial properties as of June 30, 2003; and | |
| the pro forma capitalization of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. as of June 30, 2003; and | |
| the pro forma capitalization of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. to give effect to the sale of 35,000,000 shares of common stock in this offering and the sale by us to Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett of 500,000 shares of common stock at an offering price of $10 per share, net of the underwriters discount and application of the net proceeds as described in Use of Proceeds. |
This table should be read in conjunction with the section captioned Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our historical and unaudited pro forma financial information and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Historical | Pro Forma | Pro Forma | ||||||||||||
June 30, 2003 | Adjustments | June 30, 2003 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Debt:
|
||||||||||||||
Mortgage notes payable
|
$ | 82,096,150 | $ | (66,096,150 | ) (2) | $ | 16,000,000 | |||||||
Capital leases payable
|
528,919 | | 528,919 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Total debt
|
$ | 82,625,069 | $ | (66,096,150 | ) | $ | 16,528,919 | |||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Stockholders equity:
|
||||||||||||||
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share,
500,000,000 shares authorized, 36,766,283 at June 30,
2003 issued and outstanding, as adjusted
(1)
|
$ | | $ | 367,662 | $ | 367,662 | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital
|
| 331,420,187 | 331,420,187 | |||||||||||
Owners equity
|
6,407,091 | (6,407,091 | ) | | ||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Total stockholders equity
|
6,407,091 | 325,380,758 | 331,787,849 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Total capitalization
|
$ | 89,032,160 | $ | 259,284,608 | $ | 348,316,768 | ||||||||
|
|
|
(1) | Includes 35,000,000 shares of common stock issued in the offering, 216,634 shares of common stock to be issued in connection with the contribution of the initial properties into Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. by the contributing entities and 500,000 shares of common stock that Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett will purchase from us at a price equal to the offering price, net of an amount equal to the underwriting discount. Also includes 25,000 shares of common stock to be issued to directors, 931,500 shares of common stock to be issued to officers and employees of the company and 93,149 shares of common stock to be issued to the underwriters as compensation. The actual number of shares of restricted stock to be granted to executive officers and employees will depend upon the number of shares of common stock we sell in this offering and will equal, in the aggregate, 2.25% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after the completion of this offering (including the exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option, but excluding the 93,149 shares of common stock to be issued to the underwriters as compensation). As a result, the number of shares of restricted stock issued to our executive officers and employees may be increased or decreased on a pro rata basis to reflect 2.25% of the actual fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after this offering. |
(2) | Includes actual mortgage loan payoffs and the entry for $3.3 million of debt forgiveness. |
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DISTRIBUTION POLICY
We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to our stockholders. To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders an amount at least equal to:
(i) 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain, (which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles); plus | |
(ii) 90% of the excess of our net income from foreclosure property over the tax imposed on such income by the Internal Revenue Code; less | |
(iii) any excess non-cash income (as determined under the Internal Revenue Code). See Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT. |
Distributions will be authorized by our board of directors and declared by us based upon a number of factors, including actual results of operations, the timing of the investment of the net proceeds of this offering, the amount of funds from operations, our financial condition, debt service requirements, capital expenditure requirements for our properties, our taxable income, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, our operating expenses and other factors our directors deem relevant. Our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders will depend upon our receipt of distributions from our operating partnership, Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, which may depend, in part, upon receipt of lease payments with respect to our properties from Ashford TRS, and, in turn, from Remington Lodgings management of our properties. Distributions to stockholders will generally be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary income; however, because a portion of our investments will be equity ownership interest in hotels, which will result in depreciation and non-cash charges against our income, a portion of our distributions may constitute a tax-free return of capital. To the extent not inconsistent with maintaining our REIT status, we may accumulate earnings of Ashford TRS in such entity. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate sufficient revenue from operations to pay dividends to our stockholders or that our directors will not change our dividend policy in the future. See Risk Factors.
Our charter allows us to issue preferred stock that could have a preference on distributions, including dividends. We currently have no intention to issue any preferred stock, but if we do, the dividend preference on the preferred stock could limit our ability to make a dividend distribution to our common stockholders.
We anticipate adopting, in the future, a dividend reinvestment plan that allows our stockholders that have enrolled in the plan to reinvest their distributions automatically in additional shares of common stock.
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DILUTION
The initial price per share to the public of the common stock offered hereby will exceed the pro forma net tangible book value per share after the offering. Therefore, purchasers of the common stock in the offering will realize an immediate dilution in the net tangible book value of their shares. Pro forma net tangible book value per share is determined by subtracting our total liabilities from our total tangible assets and dividing the remainder by the number of shares of common stock that will be outstanding after the offering. The following table illustrates the dilution to purchasers of shares sold in the offering, based on the initial public offering price of $10 per share.
Initial price per share to the public
|
$ | 10.00 | ||
Net tangible book value per share prior to the
offering
(1)
|
$ | .15 | ||
Pro forma net tangible book value per share after
the offering, before the
issuance of restricted stock (2) |
$ | 9.47 | ||
Decrease in net tangible book value per share
attributable to the issuance of restricted stock
(3)
|
$ | (.46 | ) | |
Decrease in pro forma net tangible book value per
share to existing stockholders attributable to the conversion of
outstanding units of operating partnership interest
(4)
|
$ | (1.20 | ) | |
Pro forma net tangible book value per share after
the offering
(5)
|
$ | 7.81 | ||
Dilution per share sold in the
offering
(6)
|
$ | 2.19 |
(1) | Historical net tangible book value per common share is determined by dividing net tangible book value as of June 30, 2003 (net book value of the tangible assets consists of total assets less deferred cost, net of liabilities to be assumed) by the number of common shares of the offering. |
(2) | After deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses of this offering. |
(3) | Includes issuance of restricted shares as follows: 500,000 shares of stock issued to Archie and Montgomery Bennett, 216,634 shares of stock conveyed to a limited partnership owned by Archie and Montgomery Bennett, 25,000 shares of stock issued to directors, 93,149 shares of stock issued to underwriters, 931,500 shares of stock issued to executives and employees. The actual number of restricted shares issued to our executive officers and employees will be equal, in the aggregate, to 2.25% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, excluding the 93,149 shares issued to underwriters. |
(4) | Includes restricted shares of 5,657,917 issued upon the conversion of units of partnership interests in our operating partnership. |
(5) | Based on pro forma net tangible book value attributable to common stockholders of approximately $331.4 million divided by the sum of 35,000,000 shares of our common shares to be outstanding, the issuance of 1,766,283 shares of restricted stock, and the issuance of 5,657,917 common shares upon the conversion of outstanding units of our operating partnership. |
(6) | Dilution is determined by subtracting pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock after giving effect to this offering from the initial public offering price paid by a new investor for a common share. |
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OUR COMPANY
We are a Maryland corporation that was formed in May 2003 to take advantage of the existing and developing investment opportunities in the lodging industry. These diverse lodging investment opportunities may result from inefficiencies related to market illiquidity, supply/ demand imbalances and general business cycles. We will initially target specific opportunities created by the current distressed lodging market but will retain the flexibility to invest in the most attractive risk-reward opportunities as they develop in the lodging business cycle. To our knowledge, we will be one of the few publicly traded REITs, if not the only publicly traded REIT, exclusively focused on investing in the hospitality industry at all levels of the capital structure and across all segments where pricing, yield and capital appreciation advantages may exist.
Our current investment strategy is intended to take advantage of strengthening lodging fundamentals. We believe that the U.S. economy is currently at or near the bottom of its current business cycle and that the underlying cash flows of hotels will improve once the industry rebounds from this cyclical low point. We believe that our current investment policies will allow us to participate in future improvements in performance within the lodging industry. However, we also believe that as supply, demand and capital market cycles change, we will be able to quickly shift our investment policies to take advantage of newly-created lodging investment opportunities as they develop. Initially, we do not intend to focus our acquisitions on any specific geographical market. While our initial investment policies are well defined, because we will have approximately $254.1 million of net proceeds for which we have not yet identified specific properties to purchase or investments to make, we will be considered a blind pool. Further, our board of directors may change our investment policies at any time without stockholder approval.
Immediately prior to our formation, all of our senior executive officers were employed by and responsible for the lodging investment activities of Remington Hotel Corporation, a Texas corporation, and its affiliated company, Ashford Financial Corporation, a Texas corporation. Although these officers have no experience operating a public company or a REIT, they have experience in sourcing, underwriting, operating, repositioning, developing, selling and financing a wide variety of lodging investments. As a result, we believe that we have broad-based experience with the full spectrum of issues and business cycles that affect the lodging industry. Our management team has operated effectively across a variety of lodging-related investment types in both growth and recessionary cycles.
We believe that the current hotel market conditions present opportunities to achieve favorable risk-adjusted returns. Immediately following the completion of this offering and the formation transactions, we will own six hotel properties, have approximately $254.1 million of cash available to fund the acquisition or origination of lodging-related assets and for general corporate purposes and, with only $16.0 million of mortgage debt, will be relatively unleveraged. This capital structure provides us with the ability to make significant future investments to take advantage of what we believe are current opportunities in the hotel market. We intend to finance our future acquisitions with the net proceeds of this offering and future borrowings. We are currently seeking a secured line of credit of up to $120 million, which could greatly increase our debt position, and our charter does not contain any limitation on our ability to incur debt.
We intend to be self-advised and own our lodging investments and conduct our business through an operating partnership, Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership. We will own an 86.7% interest in our operating partnership. We also intend to elect to be treated as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes. Because of limitations imposed on REITs in operating hotel properties, Remington Lodging will manage our hotel properties. Remington Lodging is wholly owned by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, who also own 100% of Remington Hotel Corporation, or Remington Hotel, which is one of the largest privately-owned independent hotel management companies in the country and has extensive management experience in the hospitality industry through its management of over $1 billion of hotels in 28 states.
Our initial assets will consist of six hotels, four Embassy Suites and two Radisson Hotels, and eight asset management and consulting agreements. We will acquire all of our initial assets from affiliates,
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Our initial assets were valued based on several factors, including a multiple of expected future earnings, internal rate of return analysis, review of replacement costs and analysis of sales of similar assets. No single factor was given greater weight than any other in determining valuation of these assets. We did not obtain independent appraisals for any of these assets. As a result, such amounts may not reflect fair market value. Moreover, the total number of shares of common stock or units of our limited partnership that we will pay for our initial assets is fixed. Accordingly, the ultimate value of such consideration will fluctuate based on the initial public offering price of our stock. Specifically, if the initial public offering price is greater than the mid-point of our estimated range, the contributors of our initial assets will receive consideration greater than our valuation of the assets.
Our Team
We intend to capitalize on the experience of our senior management in sourcing, underwriting, operating, repositioning, developing, selling and financing lodging-related assets. Our roots in the hotel industry trace back to 1968 when our Chairman, Archie Bennett, Jr., built his first hotel. Since then, Mr. Bennett and certain members of our senior management team have been involved in the investment in, or management of, 190 hotels or mortgage loans secured by hotels, totaling approximately 31,119 rooms in 33 states and in the development of 35 hotels, totaling approximately 9,201 rooms in 11 states.
Historically, our management teams business strategy has been threefold: first, to identify attractive investment opportunities in the lodging industry; second, to match such opportunities with appropriate institutional oriented investors; and third, to manage such investments, including providing development, management and construction services, for the institutional owners.
We believe our managements historical background in the hotel industry will allow us to successfully execute our business strategy. Together with our Chairman, the members of our senior management team have an average of 19 years experience in the hotel industry. With the exception of Mr. Douglas Kessler, our Chief Operating Officer, all members of our senior management team have worked together at Remington Hotel Corporation and affiliated entities since 1992. Our managements experience during that time includes:
| purchasing over $1 billion in hotels and mortgages secured by hotels; | |
| building seven hotels at a cost of $125 million; | |
| managing $1 billion of hotels, ranging from economy to upper up-scale, in 28 states; |
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| effectively asset managing over 145 predominantly non-performing hospitality loans (with a book value of approximately $500 million) acquired from third parties, substantially all of which were either recovered at par or foreclosed upon, with the assets sold for an amount in excess of the initial investment (approximately two-thirds of which we also operated as managers); and | |
| co-investing with major institutional investors, including, among others, G. Soros Realty Inc., Gordon Getty Trust, The Fisher Brothers, Olympus Real Estate Partners and Goldman Sachs Whitehall Real Estate Funds. |
In addition, before Mr. Kessler, our Chief Operating Officer, joined Remington Hotel Corporation in July 2002, he assisted in overseeing the investment management, acquisition, sale and financing of more than $11 billion in real estate assets for Goldman Sachs Whitehall Real Estate Funds, including over $6 billion of lodging-related assets. During his nine years at Whitehall, Mr. Kessler served on the boards or executive committees of several lodging companies, including Westin Hotels and Resorts and Strategic Hotel Capital.
The Chairman of our board of directors, Archie Bennett, Jr., will continue to serve as the Chairman of the board of directors of Remington Hotel Corporation after this offering, and our President and Chief Executive Officer, Montgomery Bennett, will continue to serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of Remington Hotel Corporation. Remington Lodging, which is an affiliate of Remington Hotel and which is owned 100% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, will provide management and other related services for our hotel properties after the offering. All other members of our senior management team who were employees of Remington Hotel Corporation prior to our formation, will resign from Remington Hotel Corporation at or prior to the closing of this offering.
We intend to invest in a variety of lodging-related assets based upon our evaluation of diverse market conditions. These investments may include: (i) direct hotel investments; (ii) mezzanine financing through origination or through acquisition in secondary markets; (iii) first lien mortgage financing through origination or through acquisition in secondary markets; and (iv) sale-leaseback transactions.
Our strategy is designed to take advantage of current lodging industry conditions and adjust to changes in market conditions over time. In the current market, we believe we can purchase assets at discounts to previous trading ranges or replacement costs and acquire or originate debt positions at higher than recent historical interest rate ranges. Over time, our assessment of market conditions will determine asset reallocation strategies. While we seek to capitalize on the following favorable market fundamentals, conditions beyond our control may have an impact on overall profitability and on the investment returns.
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Market Timing
Even before the events of September 2001, the travel industry had been suffering from an overall decline as a result of a relatively stagnant U.S. economy. The travel industry suffered further after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Revenue per available room, or RevPAR, declined substantially following the attacks according to HVS. As a result, a broad gap exists between the long-term growth trend before the attacks and the current trend line following the events. The following chart depicts this historical anomaly in RevPAR and illustrates the current industry slump and the opportunity for significant RevPAR growth if the gap narrows and lodging fundamentals improve.
We believe that the number of hotel rooms in a given market is an important factor in determining the viability of a hotel investment in that market. To maintain revenue levels, an increase in room supply should be matched with a corresponding increase in room demand. Historically, the supply of hotel rooms typically lags behind changes in the demand for hotel rooms because of the lead time necessary to construct new hotels. As noted in the chart below, according to Smith Travel, growth in the supply of hotel rooms has been declining since 1998, when year over year growth reached approximately 4%. Year-over-year growth in room supply dropped below 2% in 2001 and 2002. Thus, growth in new room supply has been and, we believe, will continue to be, below the historical growth average of approximately 3% per year. Based on our experience, we believe decreases in growth of new room supply are typically followed by increases in hotel values. On a per room basis, hotel values, as measured by HVS, declined by 10% in 2001 and an estimated 3% in 2002. Consequently, we believe that there is an opportunity to acquire assets at reduced prices at a point in the cycle in advance of potential increases in hotel values.
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Hotel Room Demand
An increase in the demand for hotel rooms generally leads to an increase in income for hotels. When the growth in hotel room demand exceeds the growth in room supply, revenues are likely to increase as occupancy or room rates increase. According to Smith Travel Research, a leading market research firm for the lodging industry, hotel occupancy in the United States was 59%, in 2002, the lowest level in 31 years, and well below the average of 65% from 1975 to 2001. As shown by the chart below, historically the growth in hotel room demand has correlated directly with the growth in the United States gross domestic product, indicating that corporate and leisure travel move similarly with the economy. This historical correlation broke down in 2001 when gross domestic product grew approximately 1% while hotel room demand declined approximately 4%. We believe this deviation from historical trends primarily reflects the impact of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the threat of additional terrorism, and clearly indicates that hotels were disproportionately affected compared to the overall economy. As the U.S. economy recovers and business and leisure travel improves, we believe this correlation will return to normal levels. Combined with lower than average new supply, as noted above, we believe that conditions exist for RevPAR growth to accelerate faster than gross domestic product growth.
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Hotel Transaction Volume |
The following chart according to HVS shows that the number of hotel properties sold on an annual basis has decreased significantly since 1998 when total sales for hotels (with sales prices over $10 million) equaled $10.7 billion compared to the 2002 total of just over $2 billion. We believe this decline was due to a widening of the bid-ask spread between buyers and sellers that developed as hotel operating performance declined in response to the slowing economy and that during this period, the gap between what a buyer was willing to pay and what a seller was willing to accept for a hotel property increased. Because of the prolonged nature of the stagnant economy, we believe that sellers of lodging assets are being forced to adjust their pricing expectations. This pricing realization coupled with continued cash flow deficiencies and the current lack of capital being invested in the lodging sector by traditional providers should result in an increase in the number of hotels being offered for sale. We believe that the pricing spread will narrow and the transaction volume at discounted values will increase. With increasing transaction volume, we expect opportunities for acquiring assets at attractive prices and placing hotel debt capital (both for first mortgages and mezzanine loans) will increase in line with our investment strategies.
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Capital Markets |
Even though current market conditions are depressed and delinquencies are rising, new debt origination and acquisition opportunities continue to be available as hotel owners are faced with refinancing issues, defaults and opportunities to capitalize on historically low interest rates. As pools of commercial mortgage-backed security loans mature, hotel owners are faced with refinancing based on lower asset values than those in the mid-to-late 1990s, which provide us an opportunity to offer mezzanine financing to these borrowers at loan-to-value levels previously held by the first mortgage holders. As pools of commercial mortgage-backed security loans continue to default, we will seek to acquire these loan pools at prices that are at discounts to par value.
Our Business Strategy
The following is a discussion of our business strategy and related investment policies. Our investment policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our board of directors, without a vote of our stockholders. Any change to any of these policies by our board of directors, however, would be made only after a review and analysis of that change, in light of then-existing business and other circumstances, and then only if, in the exercise of its business judgment, our board of directors believes that it is advisable to do so in our best interests. We cannot assure you that our investment objectives will be attained.
We will implement an asset allocation strategy aimed at maximizing stockholder value by providing attractive risk-adjusted returns throughout the business cycles of the lodging industry. We intend to selectively invest capital in a variety of lodging-related assets based on our evaluation of diverse market conditions. By investing across diversified lodging assets at different levels of a given hotels capital structure, we plan to take advantage of changes in the capital markets.
Our business strategy of combining lodging-related equity and debt investments seeks to:
| maximize economic benefits from an industry that has suffered significant reductions in performance and is poised for a strong recovery; | |
| capitalize on both current yield and appreciation, while simultaneously offering diversification of types of assets within the hospitality industry; |
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| vary investment concentrations across an array of hospitality assets to take advantage of market cycles for each asset class; and | |
| offer an attractive liquidity alternative to asset sales (through pricing, structure and tax deferral) and traditional financing (due to rate, structure, loan-to-value and asset class). |
Our investment strategy will target limited and full service hotels in primary, secondary and resort markets throughout the United States. To take full advantage of current and future investment opportunities in the lodging industry, we will invest according to the asset allocation policies described below. Due to changes in market conditions we will continually evaluate the appropriateness of our investment policies and the board of directors may change any or all of these policies at any time, thereby providing us with flexibility in our asset allocation strategy. In addition to our investment activities, we will also perform certain asset management and consulting services for other management companies affiliated with Remington Hotel.
Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate |
Direct Hotel Investments. We intend to acquire existing hotels and, under appropriate market conditions, to develop new hotels. Our direct hotel acquisition strategy will seek to achieve both current income and income from appreciation. We expect to acquire hotels that either offer a high return on investment or have the opportunity to increase in value through brand repositioning, market based recovery or improved management practices. Our direct hotel investments will target mid to upscale, limited and full service hotels in primary, secondary and resort markets throughout the United States. We believe that values for, and operating performances of, lodging properties are currently below historical levels, making this an attractive time for acquisitions.
Sale-Leaseback Transactions. We intend to purchase hotels and lease them back to their existing hotel owners. Our sale-leaseback policy will target hotel owners that want the ability to realize the value of their investments while maintaining operating control of their hotels. We will seek to structure the transactions as net leases with participation features, terms ranging up to 20 years plus extension options, and with the operating responsibility for the property assumed by the lessee. We believe these transactions will provide us current income, with growth through contractual rental increases or cash flow participations.
As with our direct hotel investments, we will seek opportunities on limited and full service hotels in primary, secondary and resort markets throughout the United States. We will consider both major franchises and select independents. All terms of our sale-leaseback transactions will be subject to the acceptable creditworthiness of the prospective lessee. We expect to receive a base lease payment that provides an adequate risk-adjusted return, with growth based on contractual rent growth or cash flow participations.
Investments in Financial Assets |
Mezzanine Financing. We intend to acquire or originate subordinated loans, also known as mezzanine loans, secured by junior mortgages on hotels or pledges of equity interests in entities owning hotels. These mezzanine loans may be secured by individual assets as well as cross-collateralized portfolios of assets. As a result of the experience of our executives in operating hotels, we believe that our underwriting criteria and experience in valuing hotel assets enable us to underwrite our debt investments on values and at levels where we believe we could profitably operate the collateral hotel if we were required to foreclose. Although these types of loans generally have greater repayment risks than first mortgages due to the subordinated nature of such loans, we believe that there currently exists a strong need for lodging mezzanine loans. We believe that the recent slowdown in the travel industry has caused the value of hotel properties to decline below the values at which they were acquired or last refinanced. This decline in market value, coupled with more stringent underwriting criteria by senior hotel lenders, has caused a gap to develop in the loan-to-value ratio of these properties, making it increasingly difficult for owners to refinance their properties. We believe that mezzanine capital provides a solution for these
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These types of mortgage loans are considered to involve a higher degree of risk than long-term senior mortgage lending secured by income-producing real property due to a variety of factors, including the loan being entirely unsecured or, if secured, becoming unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. If a property that secures a mezzanine financing is foreclosed by the senior lender, we may not recover some or all of our investment in these loans.
First Mortgage Financing. We intend to acquire, potentially at a discount to par, or originate loans secured by first priority mortgages on hotels. We may be subject to certain state-imposed licensing regulations related to commercial mortgage lenders, with which we intend to comply. However, because we are not a bank or a federally chartered lending institution, we are not subject to the state and federal regulatory criteria imposed on such entities. Also, because we do not intend to securitize our assets, we expect to be able to offer more flexible terms than commercial lenders who contribute loans to securitized mortgage pools. We anticipate that this asset class will provide us with stable, attractive current yields.
Asset Allocation
Our initial asset allocation strategy will target investment opportunities presented by todays distressed lodging market, which has been characterized by substantial reductions in performance and value of hotel properties. These conditions present significant opportunities for attractive risk-adjusted debt and equity investments. We believe, however, that the significant competitive advantage of our asset allocation strategy is its flexibility, which allows us to reallocate our investments to take advantage of changing opportunities in the lodging market. We intend to evaluate our portfolio on a regular basis to determine if it continues to satisfy our investment criteria. Subject to certain restrictions applicable to REITs, we may sell investments opportunistically. Our decision to sell a hotel often will be predicated upon, among other things: the projected cash flow; size of the hotel; strength of the franchise; property condition and related costs to renovate the property; strength of market demand; projected supply of hotel rooms in the market; probability of increased valuation; and geographic profile of the hotel. Our decision to sell other lodging-related assets will depend upon, among other things, managements forecast and review of the performance of our overall portfolio and managements assessment of changing conditions in the investment and capital markets. We expect our initial asset allocation, once our net proceeds are fully invested, to be approximately 50% to 60% in direct hotel investments, 20% to 30% in mezzanine financing, 5% to 10% in first mortgage financing and 5% to 10% in sale-leaseback transactions.
Operating Procedures |
In implementing our business strategy through investments that satisfy the applicable investment policies described above, we will consider each of the following:
Asset Review. In making future hotel investment decisions, we will consider the following criteria, although no single criteria by itself will be determinative:
| Number of Rooms We anticipate acquiring or investing in hotels with at least 150 rooms. | |
| Ownership Structure We prefer properties with a fee simple title. | |
| Management We prefer that the property is unencumbered by long-term management contracts. | |
| Franchise Affiliations We will consider both major franchises as well as independents. | |
| Competition We intend to seek properties in areas that lack a substantial new supply of hotel rooms, appear resilient to down markets and either have an existing broad demand or a growing demand base. |
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| Physical Condition The condition of the property that is acceptable to us will depend on the pricing structure. Major product improvement plans or renovations are acceptable if the pricing adequately reflects such renovations. | |
| Available Financing To the extent we utilize financing in our investments, we will seek non-recourse financing. | |
| Amenities We prefer properties that have amenities (food and beverage, meeting space, fitness equipment, parking, etc.) consistent with the needs of its targeted customer. | |
| Operating Performance We intend to seek hotels that have shown a solid operating performance or alternatively seek assets where strategic changes in operations or its market positioning will generate improved revenue and operating margins. | |
| New Supply We will invest in markets where the effects of future growth in new rooms are understood and factored in value considerations. | |
| Room Demand Generators We will seek hotels that have a diversified base of room demand generators or alternatively seek to reposition hotels to capitalize on shifting the hotels guest mix in ways to improve operating performance. |
Underwriting Review. After we identify a potential investment, a due diligence team, consisting of in-house and third parties, will conduct detailed due diligence to assess the potential investment. This due diligence team will follow underwriting guidelines and review a list of property-level issues, including:
| property financials; | |
| property condition; | |
| environmental issues; | |
| ADA compliance; | |
| title surveys; | |
| competitive position; | |
| brand; | |
| market assessment; | |
| advance booking reports; and | |
| marketing plans. |
Market Assessments. Our market assessment analysis will entail in-depth evaluation of macro and micro market forces affecting the lodging industry in a given market and the specific sub-market. We will process data obtained from numerous industry sources that focus on new supply, changes in demand patterns, brand expansion plans, performance of key corporations, government initiatives and essential hotel performance data (e.g., average daily rate, or ADR, occupancy and RevPAR). We will analyze this information to make near-term and long-term investment and sales decisions within each market and further within specific sub-markets.
Capital Markets Evaluation. We will monitor the capital markets to determine trends in lodging investment patterns and debt-to-equity pricing. We will maintain a debt and equity transaction database encompassing recently closed transactions and suggested pricing for new transactions. This information will assist us in the formulation of competitive pricing trends and may serve as a good indicator of when liquidity gaps or pricing inefficiencies may exist in the market. We intend to use this pricing knowledge to optimally allocate our assets across our four targeted lodging-related investment classes to maximize our risk-adjusted returns.
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Value Optimization Strategies. We will regularly evaluate the incremental performance and resulting investment actions for each asset in our portfolio as part of our budget review process. Because of our fluid asset allocation strategy, it will be imperative that the relative merits of holding a particular property or investment demonstrate benefits in terms of accretion and portfolio diversification. Our objective in such an evaluation is to confirm that an existing asset adds to stockholder value. The methodology consists of a re-buy analysis that determines if continuing to hold a particular investment, using forward-looking market growth assumptions, is a valid strategy. By consistently applying this policy across all investments, we seek to maximize our investment returns by reallocating funds into more productive asset classes.
Asset Management and Consulting Services |
To comply with the REIT rules and regulations, Remington Lodging will perform the day-to-day management activities related to the operations of our properties. However, we will provide certain asset management services to other entities affiliated with Remington Hotel. Specifically, our initial assets will include eight asset management and consulting agreements under which we will provide various services to eight identified, property managers affiliated with Remington Hotel in exchange for a fee. In performing these services, we will either provide or supervise specific asset management services, including risk management and insurance procurement; assistance with preparation of tax returns and monitoring of the payment of taxes; negotiation of hotel franchise agreements and monitoring compliance with franchise requirements; negotiation of property financings and monitoring compliance with loan covenants; negotiation and closing of equipment leases; property litigation management; assistance with preparation of annual operating and capital budgets for the hotels; and monitoring compliance with the management agreements. We will also provide additional services to these property managers such as market and feasibility analysis, capital improvement assistance, financial planning and franchise support. To the extent permitted by the REIT rules, we will perform similar functions with respect to our own properties.
Financing |
We are currently in negotiations with a financial institution regarding the provision of an approximate $120 million secured line of credit. If we are unable to obtain debt financing, our ability to finance our business strategy would be adversely affected. In addition, we may selectively pursue mortgage financing on individual properties and our mortgage investments. Our initial policy is to limit consolidated indebtedness to no more than 60% of the aggregate purchase price of hotels and debt instruments in which we have invested. However, our board of directors may change the financing policy at any time without the approval of our stockholders.
Internal Growth Strategy |
Our internal growth strategy is derived from appreciation in our hotel assets or pools of hotel assets and the improving credit of the collateral underlying our mortgage loans. Property appreciation is achieved through our ability to identify underperforming, undermanaged or mispriced hotels and realizing cash flows above our original yields. We feel that as the collateral underlying our mortgage loans improves, the credit and therefore the value of the loan will be enhanced.
Our Operating Partnership
We have organized Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating partnership, as a limited partnership under the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act. Ashford OP General Partner LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours, serves as the sole general partner of our operating partnership, and upon completion of this offering, Ashford OP Limited Partner LLC, another of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, will own an 86.66% limited partnership interest in our operating partnership. The remaining 13.34% limited partnership interest in our operating partnership initially will be owned by (i) certain of our officers and directors (collectively, approximately 12.98% interest), as limited partners, and (ii) two employees of Remington Hotel Corporation (collectively, approximately 0.36% interest). Limited partners
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Our operating partnership was formed in contemplation of this offering and has no prior history. Upon the completion of this offering, our operating partnership will conduct substantially all of our business as described in this prospectus.
Our Taxable REIT Subsidiary
Ashford TRS Corporation, our taxable REIT subsidiary, was incorporated as a Delaware corporation. Following completion of this offering, Ashford TRS will lease each of our properties from us and enter into a management agreement with Remington Lodging, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Remington Hotel Corporation, for the management of the properties. Neither we nor our operating partnership can undertake the daily management activities directly under applicable REIT tax rules. Ashford TRS will pay income taxes at regular corporate rates on its taxable income.
Legal Proceedings
We are not involved in any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us.
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BUSINESS AND PROPERTIES
Our initial properties will include six hotels,
the Embassy Suites located in Austin, Texas, the Radisson Hotel
Cincinnati Riverfront located in Covington, Kentucky, the
Embassy Suites located in Dallas, Texas, the Embassy
Suites-Dulles Airport located in Herndon, Virginia, the Radisson
Hotel MacArthur Airport located in Holtsville, New York, and the
Embassy Suites located in Las Vegas, Nevada. We will own the
initial hotels in fee simple except for the Radisson Hotel
Cincinnati Riverfront, which is owned part in fee simple and
part pursuant to a ground lease which expires in 2070 (including
all extensions). These properties will be held for investment
purposes and operated by our manager. We have no present plans
for major improvements on these properties. Presented below is
certain descriptive information regarding these initial hotels,
each of which is currently managed by an affiliate of Remington
Hotel Corporation and owned by a partnership in which one or
more affiliates of Remington Hotel Corporation own interests. We
believe that each of these properties is adequately covered by
insurance.
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
2002
Revenue
per
Average
Average
Available
Hotel Property
Location
Year Built
Rooms
Occupancy
(1)
Daily Rate
(2)
Room
(3)
Austin, TX
1998
150
72.4
%
$
117.01
$
84.72
Dallas, TX
1998
150
66.8
122.97
82.14
Herndon, VA
1998
150
73.9
132.36
97.81
Las Vegas, NV
1999
220
78.7
109.39
86.09
Covington, KY
1972
(4)
236
53.4
67.63
36.10
Holtsville, NY
1989
(5)
188
54.8
106.78
58.53
Total/ Weighted Average
1,094
66.0
%
$
108.29
$
71.45
(1) | Average occupancy represents the number of occupied rooms in the applicable period divided by the product of the total number of rooms and 365 days in the period. |
(2) | Average daily rate represents the total room revenue for the applicable period divided by the number of occupied rooms. |
(3) | Revenue per available room, or RevPAR, represents the total room revenue per total available rooms for the applicable period and is calculated by multiplying average occupancy by the average daily rate. |
(4) | Acquired in 1999 and renovation completed in 2000. |
(5) | Acquired in 2000 and renovation completed in 2001. |
Embassy Suites, Austin, Texas. The Embassy Suites Hotel Austin, Texas features 150 all-suite guestrooms, one restaurant and lounge, 2,800 square feet of meeting space, one heated indoor pool and jacuzzi, and exercise facilities. The hotel is six stories high, has three elevators, fire safety sprinklers and 169 surface parking spaces. The hotel is currently managed by an affiliate of Remington Hotel Corporation under a license agreement with Promus Hotels, Inc.
The majority of demand for the hotel is commercial in nature as the hotel is located in the Arboretum Shopping and Business District, an area with varied commercial uses. The hotel is located between two major highways (the MoPac Expressway and Capital of Texas Highway) in the Northwest portion of the city of Austin. Competitors include the Renaissance Hotel, Courtyard by Marriott Northwest, Embassy Suites Northwest, Residence Inn by Marriott Northwest and Holiday Inn Northwest. Major demand generators in the area are Apple, IBM, Applied Materials, Motorola, Emerson Electric and Dell Computers.
Embassy Suites, Dallas, Texas. The Embassy Suites Hotel Dallas features 150 all-suite guestrooms, one restaurant and lounge, 2,800 square feet of meeting space, one heated indoor pool and jacuzzi, and exercise facilities. The hotel is six stories high, has three elevators, fire safety sprinklers and 174 surface
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Most demand for the hotel is commercial in nature as the hotel is located in an area with varied commercial uses and high-end retail outlets known as the Dallas Galleria. The hotel is located near two major highways (I-635/ LBJ Freeway and the North Dallas Tollway) in the northern section of the city of Dallas. Competitors include the Westin Galleria Hotel, the Marriott Quorum Hotel, the Hotel Intercontinental, the Hilton Inn & Suites, and the Wyndham Hotel. Major demand generators in the area are Accenture, AT&T, Cap Gemini, JP Morgan, Tenet Healthcare and Kinkos.
Embassy Suites-Dulles Airport, Herndon, Virginia. The Embassy Suites Hotel Dulles Airport features 150 all-suite guestrooms, one restaurant and lounge, 2,800 square feet of meeting space, one heated indoor pool and jacuzzi, and exercise facilities. The hotel is six stories high, has three elevators, fire safety sprinklers and 167 surface parking spaces. The hotel is currently managed by an affiliate of Remington Hotel Corporation under a license agreement with Promus Hotels, Inc.
The hotel is located in the Dulles/ Herndon Corridor, twenty-one miles from downtown Washington, D.C., three miles from Dulles International Airport and near numerous business parks and retail centers. The hotel is located near the Dulles Tollroad (Rte. 267). Competitors include Hilton Hotel, Marriott Suites, Homewood Suites, Hyatt and Summerfield Suites. Major demand generators in the area are the Dulles International Airport, Northrop Grumman, Sprint Telecommunications, Computer Associates, Cisco Systems and AOL Time Warner.
Embassy Suites, Las Vegas, Nevada. The Embassy Suites Hotel, Las Vegas features 220 all-suite guestrooms, one restaurant and lounge, 6,000 square feet of meeting space, one heated outdoor pool and jacuzzi, and exercise facilities. The hotel is six stories high, has three elevators, fire safety sprinklers and 180 surface parking spaces. The hotel is currently managed by an affiliate of Remington Hotel Corporation under a license agreement with Promus Hotels, Inc.
The majority of demand for the hotel is both commercial and leisure in nature as the hotel is located in a varied commercial and entertainment area and is centrally located between the McCarran Airport, the University of Las Vegas (UNLV) and the Las Vegas Convention Center. The hotel is located on Swenson Street near Paradise Road. Competitors include Courtyard by Marriott Convention Center, Marriott Suites, Residence Inn Convention Center and Crowne Plaza. Major demand generators in the area are Bechtel, Sprint Telecommunications, Boeing, Citigroup, KPMG, Ford Motor Company, UNLV and PricewaterhouseCoopers.
The Embassy Suites Las Vegas is subject to a mortgage loan having an outstanding balance as of June 30, 2003, of approximately $16.0 million, monthly interest-only payments of $73,333, effective interest rate of the greater of LIBOR plus 3.5%, or 5.5%, and monthly installments of principal of $20,000 commencing January 1, 2005. Prepayment of the loan following January 1, 2003 is subject to an exit fee of $160,000. The loan matures on December 31, 2006 unless the one-year extension option is exercised by the payment of an extension fee of $80,000 and certain conditions are met.
Radisson Hotel Cincinnati Riverfront, Covington, Kentucky. The Radisson Hotel Cincinnati Riverfront features 236 guestrooms, a revolving river view restaurant on the 18th floor, a casual first-floor dining area and lobby bar, over 10,000 square feet of meeting space, one indoor pool with a retractable roof, a fitness center and a tanning salon. The hotel is 18 stories high, has four elevators, fire safety sprinklers and 120 parking spaces in a two-level underground parking garage. The hotel is currently managed by an affiliate of Remington Hotel Corporation under a license agreement with Radisson Hotels International, Inc.
The majority of demand for the hotel is both commercial and group in nature as the hotel is located in the heart of the riverfront area in Covington, Kentucky, which houses a diversified business and residential community. Competitors include the Marriott Rivercenter Hotel, Courtyard by Marriott, Embassy Suites, Hampton Inn and Holiday Inn. Major demand generators in the area are Proctor and
53
Radisson Hotel MacArthur Airport, Holtsville, New York. The Radisson Hotel MacArthur Airport features 188 guestrooms, one restaurant and lounge, 5,000 square feet of meeting space, one heated indoor pool and jacuzzi, and exercise facilities. The hotel is three stories high, has three elevators, fire safety sprinklers and approximately 200 surface parking spaces. The hotel is currently managed by an affiliate of Remington Hotel Corporation under a license agreement with Radisson Hotels International, Inc.
The majority of demand for the hotel is both commercial and group in nature as the hotel is located in an area with varied commercial uses and residential neighborhoods within five miles of the Long Island MacArthur Airport (LIMA), a major regional hub servicing major commercial flights for the greater New York metropolitan area and Long Island. The hotel is located on the South Service Road of the Long Island Expressway (Route 495) at Exit 63. Competitors include the Marriott Hotel, the Wyndham Windwatch, the Holiday Inn and the Holiday Inn Express. Major demand generators in the area are LIMA, Computer Associates, Forest Laboratories, Symbol Technologies, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University.
Asset Management and Consulting Agreements
In connection with the consummation of this offering and the completion of the formation transactions, in exchange for 1,025,000 limited partnership interest units in our operating partnership, valued at $10.25 million, Ashford Financial Corporation will contribute to us eight asset management and consulting agreements between Ashford Financial and eight hotel management companies. Under these eight agreements, Ashford Financial provides asset management and consulting services to 27 hotels managed under contract with the eight management companies. After the contribution, we will take Ashford Financials interest under the contributed agreements and will perform the services instead of Ashford Financial. Each of the eight management companies is either a wholly owned subsidiary of Remington Hotel, which is owned 100% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, or is 100% owned by one or both of the Bennetts. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett also have a minority ownership interest in the underlying 27 hotels for which the asset management and consulting services are to be provided and own 100% of Ashford Financial Corporation.
Services
For two of the hotels subject to the asset management and consulting agreements, we will directly provide specific asset management services, including the following:
| risk management and insurance procurement; | |
| assistance with preparation of tax returns and monitoring of the payment of taxes; | |
| negotiation of hotel franchise agreements and monitoring compliance with franchise requirements; | |
| negotiation of property financings and monitoring compliance with loan covenants; | |
| negotiation and closing of equipment leases; | |
| property litigation management; | |
| assistance with preparation of annual operating and capital budgets for the hotels; and | |
| monitoring compliance with the management agreements. |
For the remaining 25 properties, we will supervise the performance of these same services, which will be provided directly by third parties or hotel employees. For all of the properties, we will provide additional services such as market and feasibility analysis, capital improvement assistance, financial planning and franchise support.
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Term
The eight management companies provide services to the hotels pursuant to a separate management agreement with each of the 27 hotels. The term of each of the eight asset management and consulting agreements being contributed to our operating partnership will expire when all of the underlying management agreements expire (including all extension periods) or are terminated, unless such asset management and consulting agreement is earlier terminated pursuant to an uncured event of default. One of the management agreements expires in 2007, seven expire in 2008, seven expire in 2009, one expires in 2010, two expire in 2011, and the balance expire in 2020 or later, exercisable at the discretion of the manager. The management agreements generally have at least two renewal terms of five years each. Each of the management companies has agreed to exercise its renewal rights if it is commercially reasonable to do so.
Consulting Fee
In exchange for performing the asset management and consulting services, we will be entitled, as the assignee of Ashford Financial Corporation, to annual payments equal to 25.8% of the total amount of base and incentive fees payable to the management companies pursuant to the underlying management agreements. The remaining 74.2% of the property management fee will be payable to the actual property managers as compensation for managing the day-to-day operations of the related hotel, which services will not be provided by our company. These payments depend on revenue generated by the underlying hotels for which the asset management and consulting services will be provided, and, as a result, we cannot make any assurance that any particular amount of revenue, if any, will be generated pursuant to the contributed agreements, except as described below under Guaranteed Minimum Fee. The following table sets forth the estimated initial annual revenue, by property, expected to be generated by the asset management and consulting agreements.
Expiration Date of | Estimated | |||||||||
Manager | Management Agreement (1) | Property | Revenue (2) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Remington Hospitality, Inc.
|
October 26, 2020 | Alexandria Sheraton | $ | 30,500 | ||||||
October 11, 2009 | Annapolis Historic | 45,500 | ||||||||
October 26, 2020 | Beverly Hills Ramada | 58,000 | ||||||||
June 3, 2011 | Coral Gables Holiday Inn | 27,600 | ||||||||
October 26, 2020 | Ft. Worth Radisson | 107,200 | ||||||||
May 31, 2011 | Key West Crowne Plaza | 61,000 | ||||||||
October 26, 2020 | Woburn Radisson | 22,400 | ||||||||
Remington Indianapolis Employers Corporation
|
October 26, 2020 | Indy Airport Radisson | 41,100 | |||||||
October 26, 2020 | Indy Circle Radisson | 85,300 | ||||||||
Remington Milford Hotel Employers Corporation
|
April 26, 2008 | Hyannis Ramada | 24,000 | |||||||
Remington Suites Hotel Corporation
|
October 25, 2020 | Houston Embassy | 65,000 | |||||||
Remington Employers Corporation
|
May 6, 2009 | Commack Howard Johnson | 16,300 | |||||||
October 6, 2008 | Dallas Best Western | 12,400 | ||||||||
March 3, 2008 | Falmouth Square Inn | 21,000 | ||||||||
March 1, 2009 | Gull Wings Suites | 21,900 | ||||||||
October 26, 2020 | Milford Radisson | 35,500 | ||||||||
March 17, 2008 | Rockland Radisson | 25,600 | ||||||||
May 16, 2009 | Saddlebrook Radisson | 26,300 | ||||||||
September 1, 2009 | St. Petersburg Hilton | 72,500 | ||||||||
November 30, 2007 | Warner Robins Ramada | 9,000 | ||||||||
May 13, 2009 | Westbury Howard Johnson | 15,700 | ||||||||
May 2, 2009 | Woburn Four Points | 12,300 |
55
Expiration Date of | Estimated | |||||||||
Manager | Management Agreement (1) | Property | Revenue (2) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Remington Employers Management Corporation
|
May 31, 2010 | West Palm Beach Embassy Suites | 49,500 | |||||||
July 13, 2008 | Minnetonka Sheraton | 41,500 | ||||||||
October 26, 2020 | Nassau Bay Hilton | 64,400 | ||||||||
Remington Orlando Management Corporation
|
January 31, 2008 | Sheraton Orlando | 177,000 | |||||||
Remington Ventura Employers Corporation
|
December 31, 2008 | Ventura Marriott | 31,500 | |||||||
|
||||||||||
TOTAL | $ | 1,200,000 | ||||||||
|
(1) | These expiration dates represent the initial expiration dates without giving effect to any extensions. See Term. |
(2) | Calculated as 25.8% of the trailing 12-months actual management fee through June 30, 2003. |
As shown above, initially, the estimated payment to us under the asset management and consulting agreements will be approximately $1.2 million per year. If any covered property is sold at any time or upon expiration of the underlying management agreement, we will no longer derive any income from such property, thereby reducing the income we receive under the applicable asset management and consulting agreement. Any such sale or expiration of a management agreement will have no effect on the guaranteed minimum fee described below.
Guaranteed Minimum Fee
Pursuant to a written guaranty agreement executed by Ashford Financial Corporation for our benefit, Ashford Financial Corporation has guaranteed that we will be paid a minimum of $1.2 million per year for each of the first five years, in consulting fees under all of the asset management and consulting agreements, for a total guarantee of $6.0 million. We will be entitled to this guaranteed minimum amount even if, during the five-year period, any of the 27 hotel properties is sold or if the hotels fail to generate sufficient revenue to result in at least $1.2 million in fees to us per year. The minimum guaranteed amount will be subject to annual adjustments based on the consumer price index. This guaranty will be secured by the 1,025,000 units of limited partnership interest in Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership that we issued to Ashford Financial Corporation as consideration for its contribution to us of the eight asset management and consulting agreements. A pro rata portion of the units will be released from the pledge each year over the five-year term of the guaranty, provided the guaranteed minimum fee has been paid.
Assignment
The asset management and consulting agreements may not be assigned by either the management companies or by us, as assignee of Ashford Financial Corporation, without the prior consent of the other, except that we may, without consent, assign the agreements to Ashford TRS or, solely to satisfy the REIT requirements and maintain our REIT status, a third party.
Substitution of Management Agreement
During the first five years following this offering, if any of the covered hotel properties is sold, the management company has the right, in its sole election, to substitute a new management agreement.
56
Events of Default
Each of the following is an event of default under the asset management and consulting agreements:
| Our operating partnership or the management company experiences certain bankruptcy-related events. | |
| The management company fails to make any payment due under an asset management and consulting agreement, subject to a 10-day grace period. | |
| Our operating partnership or the management company does not observe or perform any other term of the asset management and consulting agreement, subject to a 30-day grace period that can be extended to a maximum of 120 days. |
If an event of default occurs and continues beyond any grace period, the non-defaulting party will have the option of terminating the applicable asset management and consulting agreement. If an asset management and consulting agreement is terminated as a result of an event of default, we will be entitled to receive any consulting fees earned and accrued through the date of termination. We will still be entitled under the guaranty agreement to a guaranty of the minimum annual $1.2 million consulting fees if an asset management and consulting agreement is terminated because of our default or the default of the management company.
Leases
Each of our initial hotels will be owned by our operating partnership and leased to Ashford TRS, our taxable REIT subsidiary, pursuant to a percentage lease. Additionally, we intend to lease all hotels we acquire in the future, other than pursuant to sale-leaseback transactions with unrelated third parties, to Ashford TRS, pursuant to the terms of percentage leases that are generally similar to the terms of the existing percentage leases. Our management team will negotiate the terms and provisions of each future lease, considering such things as the purchase price paid for the hotel, then current economic conditions and any other factors deemed relevant at the time.
Term
The leases for each of the initial hotels will have a non-cancelable term of five years. The leases may be terminated earlier than the stated term if certain events occur, including specified damages to the related hotel, a condemnation of the related hotel or the sale of the related hotel, or an event of default which is not cured within any applicable cure or grace periods.
Amounts Payable Under Leases
The leases generally provide for Ashford TRS to pay in each calendar month the base rent plus, in each calendar quarter, percentage rent, if any. The percentage rent for each hotel equals the sum of (i) a percentage of room revenues up to a specified threshold, (ii) a percentage of room revenues in excess of the specified threshold but less than a second incentive threshold, and (iii) a percentage of room revenues in excess of the second incentive threshold.
Maintenance and Modifications
The operating partnership will be required to establish and fund, in respect of each fiscal year during the terms of the leases, a reserve account, in the amount of at least 4% of gross revenues per quarter for the replacement and refurbishment of furniture, fixtures and equipment and other capital improvements to be made as required under the applicable hotel management agreement. To the extent that amount is not used in a particular quarter, the unused amount will be carried forward, cumulatively, to future quarters. Ashford TRS is responsible for all routine repair and maintenance of the hotels, and the operating partnership will be responsible for non-routine capital expenditures. Any capital improvements to the hotels will be made pursuant to the capital improvement budget as approved by us.
57
Ashford TRS, at its own expense, may make routine additions, modifications or improvements to the hotels, so long as any such additions, modifications or improvements do not significantly alter the character or purposes of the hotels or significantly detract from the value or operating efficiencies of the hotels. Any such additions, modifications or improvements will be subject to the terms and provisions of the leases and will become our property upon the termination of the related lease. We will own substantially all personal property (other than inventory, linens and other nondepreciable personal property) not affixed to, or deemed a part of, the real estate or improvements on the initial hotels, unless ownership of such personal property would cause the rent under a lease not to qualify as rents from real property for REIT income test purposes. See Federal Income Tax Consequences Requirements for Qualification Income Tests.
Insurance and Property Taxes
We will pay for real estate and personal property taxes on the hotels (except to the extent that personal property associated with the hotels is owned by Ashford TRS). We will pay for property and casualty insurance relating to the hotel properties and any personal property owned by us. Ashford TRS as the lessee, will pay for all insurance on its personal property, business interruption, comprehensive general public liability, workers compensation, vehicle, and other appropriate and customary insurance. Ashford TRS must name us as an additional insured on any policies it carries. Pursuant to the terms of the management agreement, Remington Lodging will be responsible for acquiring all insurance to be carried by Ashford TRS on behalf of Ashford TRS and will be reimbursed for all related costs by Ashford TRS.
Assignment and Subleasing
Ashford TRS will not be permitted to sublet any part of the hotels or assign its interest under any of the leases without our prior written consent. No assignment or subletting will release Ashford TRS from any of its obligations under the leases.
Damage to Hotels
If any of our insured hotels is destroyed or damaged, whether or not such destruction or damage prevents use of the property as a hotel, Ashford TRS will have the obligation, but only to the extent of insurance proceeds that are made available, to restore the hotel. If the insurance proceeds are not sufficient to restore the hotel, Ashford TRS or we have the right to terminate the lease upon written notice. In that event, neither we nor Ashford TRS will have any further liabilities or obligations under the lease, except that, if we terminate the lease, we have to pay Ashford TRS the fair market value of its leasehold interest in the remaining term of the lease. We will keep all insurance proceeds received as a result of such destruction or damage. If the lease is terminated by Ashford TRS, we have the right to reject the termination of the lease by Ashford TRS and to require Ashford TRS to restore the hotel, provided we agree to pay for all restoration costs in excess of available insurance proceeds. In that event, the related lease will not terminate and we will pay all insurance proceeds to Ashford TRS. If the cost of restoration exceeds the amount of insurance proceeds, we will contribute any excess amounts necessary to complete the restoration to Ashford TRS before requiring the work to begin.
In the event of damage to or destruction of any uninsured hotel, we will have the option to either (i) restore the property, at our cost and expense, in which case the lease will not terminate, or (ii) terminate the lease. If the lease is terminated, neither we nor Ashford TRS will have any further liabilities or obligations under the lease, except that, if we terminate the lease, we have to pay Ashford TRS the fair market value of its leasehold interest in the remaining term of the lease. If the lease remains in effect and the damage does not result in a reduction of gross revenues at the hotel, Ashford TRSs obligation to pay rent will be unabated. If, however, the lease remains in effect but the damage does result in a reduction of gross revenues at the hotel, Ashford TRS will be entitled to a certain amount of rent abatement while the hotel is being repaired. We will keep all proceeds from loss of income insurance.
58
Condemnation
If any of our initial hotels is subject to a total condemnation or a partial taking that prevents use of the property as a hotel, we and Ashford TRS each have the option to terminate the related lease. We will share in the condemnation award with Ashford TRS in accordance with the provisions of the related lease. If any partial taking of a hotel does not prevent use of the property as a hotel, Ashford TRS is obligated to restore the untaken portion of the hotel to a complete architectural unit but only to the extent of any available condemnation award. If the condemnation award is not sufficient to restore the hotel, Ashford TRS or we have the right to terminate the lease upon written notice. If the lease is terminated by Ashford TRS, we have the right to reject the termination of the lease by Ashford TRS and to require Ashford TRS to restore the hotel, provided we agree to pay for all restoration costs in excess of the available condemnation award. We will contribute the cost of such restoration to Ashford TRS. If a partial taking occurs, the base rent will be abated to some extent, taking into consideration, among other factors, the number of usable rooms, the amount of square footage, or the revenues affected by the partial taking.
Events of Default
Events of Default under the leases include:
| Ashford TRS fails to pay rent or other amounts due under the lease, provided that Ashford TRS has a 10-day grace period after receiving a written notice from us that such amounts are due and payable before an event of default would occur. | |
| Ashford TRS does not observe or perform any other term of a lease, provided that Ashford TRS has a 30 day grace period after receiving a written notice from us that a term of the lease has been violated before an event of default of default would occur. There are certain instances in which the 30-day grace period can be extended to a maximum of 120 days. | |
| Ashford TRS is the subject of a bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, liquidation or dissolution event that is not discharged within 90 days. | |
| Ashford TRS voluntarily ceases operations of the hotels for a period of more than 30 days except as a result of damage, destruction, condemnation, or certain specified unavoidable delays. | |
| The franchise license for the related hotel is terminated by the franchisor because of any action or failure to act by Ashford TRS. |
If an event of default occurs and continues beyond any grace period, we will have the option of terminating the related lease. If we decide to terminate a lease, we must give Ashford TRS 10 days written notice. Unless the event of default is cured before the termination date we specify in the termination notice, the lease will terminate on the specified termination notice. In that event, Ashford TRS will be required to surrender possession of the related hotel.
Termination of Leases
Our operating partnership has the right to terminate any lease with 30 days notice to Ashford TRS. If we elect to terminate a lease, we must either:
| pay Ashford TRS the fair market value of its leasehold interest in the remaining term of the lease; or | |
| offer to lease to Ashford TRS one or more substitute hotels on terms that will create a leasehold interest in such hotels with a fair market value equal to or greater than the fair market value of their remaining leasehold interest under the terminated lease. |
59
Breach by Us
If we breach any of the leases, we will have 30 days from the time we receive written notice of the breach from Ashford TRS to cure the breach. This cure period may be extended in the event of certain specified, unavoidable delays.
Management Agreement
Pursuant to the terms of a management agreement, we intend to engage Remington Lodging, which is owned by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett and is an affiliate of Remington Hotel Corporation, as the property manager for our six initial hotels and for any future hotels that we lease to Ashford TRS. We and Remington Lodging will execute the management agreement at the closing of our initial public offering, but for the purposes of this section, we have assumed that the management agreement has already been executed.
Term
The management agreement provides, as to each initial or future hotel, for an initial term of 10 years. The term may be renewed by Remington Lodging, at its option, subject to certain performance tests, for three successive periods of seven years each and, thereafter, a final term of four years, provided that at the time the option to renew is exercised, Remington Lodging is not then in default under the management agreement. If at the time of the exercise of any renewal period, Remington Lodging is in default, then the exercise of the renewal option will be conditional on timely cure of such default, and if such default is not timely cured, then Ashford TRS may terminate the management agreement. If Remington Lodging desires to exercise any option to renew, it must give Ashford TRS written notice of its election to renew the management agreement no less than 90 days before the expiration of the then current term of the management agreement.
Amounts Payable under the Management Agreement
Remington Lodging will receive a base management fee, and if the hotels meet and exceed certain thresholds, an additional incentive management fee. The base management fee for each hotel will be due monthly and will be equal to the greater of:
| $10,000 (increased annually based on consumer price index adjustments); and | |
| 3% of the gross revenues associated with that hotel for the related month. |
The incentive management fee, if any, for each hotel will be due annually in arrears within 90 days of the end of the fiscal year and will be equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of gross revenues and (ii) the amount by which the actual gross operating profit exceeds the target gross operating profit as set forth in the annual operating budget approved for the applicable fiscal year. If, however, based on actual operations and revised forecasts from time to time, it is reasonably anticipated that the incentive fee will be earned, Ashford TRS will consider payment of the incentive fee pro-rata on a quarterly basis.
The incentive fee is designed to encourage Remington Lodging to generate higher gross operating profit at each hotel by increasing the fee due to Remington Lodging when the hotels generate gross operating profit above certain threshold levels. Any increased revenues will generate increased lease payments under the percentage leases and should thereby benefit our stockholders.
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Early Termination
The management agreement may be terminated as to one or more of the hotels earlier than the stated term if certain events occur, including:
| a sale of a hotel or a substitution of the hotel; | |
| the failure of Remington Lodging to satisfy certain performance standards with respect to any of the future hotels or, after the initial 10-year term, the six initial hotels; | |
| for the convenience of Ashford TRS; | |
| in the event of a casualty to, condemnation of, or force majeure involving a hotel; or | |
| upon a default by Remington Lodging or us that is not cured prior to the expiration of any applicable cure periods. |
Termination Fees
In certain cases of early termination of the management agreement with respect to one or more of the hotels, we must pay Remington Lodging termination fees, plus any amounts otherwise due to Remington Lodging pursuant to the terms of the management agreement. We will be obligated to pay termination fees in the circumstances described below, provided that Remington Lodging is not then in default, subject to certain cure and grace periods.
Sale of a Hotel. |
| Sale of an Initial Hotel If any of the initial hotels is sold prior to the expiration of the initial 10-year term, the management agreement will terminate with respect to the hotels and we must pay a termination fee equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) the aggregate management fees (both base fees and incentive fees) estimated to be paid to Remington Lodging with respect to the sold hotels pursuant to the then current annual operating budget (but in no event less than the management fees for the preceding full fiscal year) by (ii) the years then remaining under the initial 10-year term. Ashford TRS does not have to pay any termination fees in connection with a sale of an initial hotel that occurs after the initial 10-year term. In addition, we have the right, without incurring any termination fee, to substitute a hotel for any of the initial hotels under the management agreement. The substitute hotel must be reasonably equivalent in terms of size, number of rooms, quality of the franchise, market type and gross revenues. | |
| Sale of a Future Hotel If any of the future hotels is sold during the first 12 months of the date such hotels become subject to the management agreement, Ashford TRS may terminate the management agreement with respect to such sold hotel, provided that we pay to Remington Lodging, an amount equal to the management fee (both base fees and incentive fees) estimated to be paid to Remington Lodging with respect to the applicable hotels pursuant to the then current annual operating budget for the balance of the first year of the 10-year base term. If any of the future hotels is sold at any time after the first year of the 10-year base term and Ashford TRS terminates the management agreement with respect to those hotels, Ashford TRS will have no obligation to pay any termination fees. |
Casualty. |
| Casualty of an Initial Hotel If any of the initial hotels are damaged and Ashford TRS elects for any reason not to rebuild the damaged hotel, we must pay a termination fee to Remington Lodging equal to the termination fee that would be owed if the hotel had been sold. | |
| Casualty of a Future Hotel If any of the future hotels is the subject of a casualty and Ashford TRS elects not to rebuild, then we must pay to Remington Lodging the termination fee, if any, that would be owed if the hotel had been sold. However, after the first year of the initial 10-year term |
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for a future hotel, if the future hotel is the subject of a casualty and Ashford TRS elects not to rebuild the hotel even though sufficient casualty insurance proceeds are available to do so, then we must pay to Remington Lodging a termination fee equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) 65% of the aggregate management fees (both base fees and incentive fees) estimated to be paid to Remington Lodging with respect to the applicable hotels pursuant to the then current annual operating budget (but in no event less than the management fees for the preceding full fiscal year) by (ii) nine. |
Condemnation or Force Majeure. In the event of a condemnation of or force majeure events to any of the hotels, Ashford TRS has no obligation to pay any termination fees if the management agreement terminates as to those hotels.
Failure to Satisfy Performance Test. |
| Future Hotels If any of the future hotels fail to satisfy a certain performance test, Ashford TRS may terminate the management agreement with respect to such future hotel, and in such case, we must pay to Remington Lodging an amount equal to 60% of the product obtained by multiplying (i) 65% of the aggregate management fees (both base fees and incentive fees) estimated to be paid to Remington Lodging with respect to the applicable future hotel pursuant to the then current annual operating budget (but in no event less than the management fees for the preceding full fiscal year) by (ii) nine. Remington Lodging will have failed the performance test with respect to a particular hotel if during any fiscal year during the term (i) such hotels gross operating profit margin for such fiscal year is less than 75% of the average gross operating profit margins of comparable hotels in similar markets and geographical locations, as reasonably determined by Remington Lodging and us, and (ii) such hotels RevPAR yield penetration is less than 80% of the RevPAR yield penetration of a pre-identified competitive set (subject to adjustment from time to time) of hotels (which includes the hotel). Upon a performance test failure, Ashford TRS must give Remington Lodging two years to cure. If, within the first year, the performance test failure has not been cured, then we may, in order not to waive any such failure, require Remington Lodging to engage a nationally-recognized consultant with significant hotel lodging experience reasonably acceptable to both of us, to make a determination as to whether or not another management company could have managed the hotel in a materially more efficient manner. If the consultants determination is in the affirmative, then Remington Lodging must engage such consultant to assist with the cure of such performance failure during the second year of the cure period. If the consultants determination is in the negative, then Remington Lodging will be deemed not to be in default under the performance test. The cost of such consultant will be shared by Ashford TRS and Remington Lodging equally. If Remington Lodging fails the performance test during the second year of the cure period and the consultant again makes a finding that another manager could manage materially better than Remington Lodging, then Ashford TRS has the right to terminate the management agreement with respect to such hotel and to pay to Remington Lodging the termination fee described above. Further, if any of the future hotels are within a cure period due to a failure of the performance test, an exercise of a renewal option shall be conditioned upon timely cure of the performance test failure, and if the performance failure is not timely cured, Ashford TRS may elect to terminate the management agreement without paying any termination fee. | |
| Initial Hotels The initial hotels are not subject to the performance test until after the initial 10-year term of the management agreement. |
For Convenience. With respect to any of the hotels, if Ashford TRS elects for convenience to terminate the management agreement with respect to such hotel, at any time, including during any renewal term, we must pay a termination fee to Remington Lodging, equal to the product of (i) 65% of the aggregate management fees (both base fees and incentive fees) estimated to be paid to Remington Lodging with respect to the applicable hotels pursuant to the then current annual operating budget (but in no event less than the management fees for the preceding full fiscal year) and (ii) nine.
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New Manager; Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Pursuant to the mutual exclusivity agreement between Remington Hotel, Remington Lodging and us, we have agreed to engage Remington Lodging for the management, development, construction, project management and certain other services in connection with any future hotels acquired by us unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously vote to engage another manager or developer, or (ii) based on special circumstances or past performance, by a majority vote elect not to engage Remington Lodging because they have determined that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington Lodging or that another manager or developer could perform the duties materially better. If the management agreement terminates as to all of the hotels covered in connection with a default under the management agreement, the mutual exclusivity agreement will also terminate. See Mutual Exclusivity Agreement.
Maintenance and Modifications
Remington Lodging must maintain each hotel in good repair and condition and make such routine maintenance, repairs and minor alterations as it deems reasonably necessary. The cost of all such maintenance, repairs and alterations will be paid by Ashford TRS.
Insurance
Remington Lodging is responsible for maintaining and paying for all workers compensation, employers liability, and other appropriate and customary insurance related to its operations as a property manager, the cost of which is the responsibility of Ashford TRS.
Assignment and Subleasing
Neither Remington Lodging nor Ashford TRS may assign its rights and obligations under the management agreement without the other partys prior written consent. However, Remington Lodging may assign its rights and obligations to an affiliate of Remington Lodging that satisfies the eligible independent contractor requirements and is controlled by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett or their respective family partnership or trusts, the sole members of which are at all times lineal descendants of Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett (including step children) and spouses. Control means (i) the possession of a majority of the capital stock and voting power of such affiliate, directly or indirectly, or (ii) the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such affiliate in the capacity of chief executive officer, president, chairman, or other similar capacity where they are actively engaged or involved in providing such direction or control and spend a substantial amount of time managing such affiliate. No assignment will release Remington Lodging from any of its obligations under the management agreement.
Damage to Hotels
If any of our insured properties is destroyed or damaged, Ashford TRS is obligated, subject to the requirements of the underlying lease, to repair or replace the damaged or destroyed portion of the hotel to the same condition as existed prior to such damage or destruction. If the lease relating to such damaged hotel is terminated pursuant to the terms of the lease, Ashford TRS has the right to terminate the management agreement with respect to such damaged hotel. In the event of a termination, neither Ashford TRS nor Remington Lodging will have any further liabilities or obligations under the management agreement with respect to such damaged hotel, except that we may be obligated to pay to Remington Lodging a termination fee, as described above. If the management agreement remains in effect with respect to such damaged hotel, and the damage does not result in a reduction of gross revenues at the hotel, our obligation to pay management fees will be unabated. If, however, the management agreement remains in effect with respect to such damaged hotel, but the damage does result in a reduction of gross revenues at the hotel, we will be entitled to partial abatement of the management fees while the hotel is being repaired.
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Condemnation of a Property or Force Majeure
If any of our hotels is subject to a total condemnation or a partial taking that prevents use of the property as a hotel, the management agreement, with respect to such condemned hotel, will terminate, subject to the requirements of the applicable lease. In the event of termination, neither Ashford TRS nor Remington Lodging will have any further liabilities or obligations under the management agreement with respect to such hotel. If any partial taking of a property does not prevent use of the property as a hotel, we must restore the untaken portion of the property to a complete architectural unit. If there is an event of force majeure or any other cause beyond the control of Remington Lodging that directly involves a hotel and has a significant adverse effect upon the continued operations of that hotel, then the management agreement may be terminated by Ashford TRS. In the event of a termination, neither Ashford TRS nor Remington Lodging will have any further liabilities or obligations under the management agreement with respect to such hotel.
Annual Operating Budget
The management agreement provides that not less than 45 days prior to the beginning of each fiscal year during the term of the management agreement, Remington Lodging will submit to Ashford TRS for each of the hotels, an annual operating budget setting forth in detail an estimated profit and loss statement for the next 12 months (or for the balance of the fiscal year in the event of a partial first fiscal year), including a schedule of hotel room rentals and other rentals and a marketing and business plan for each of the hotels. The budget is subject to Ashford TRS approval, which may not be unreasonably withheld. The budget may be revised from time to time, taking into account such circumstances as Ashford TRS deems appropriate or as business and operating conditions shall demand, subject to the reasonable approval of Remington Lodging.
Capital Improvement Budget
Remington Lodging must prepare a capital improvement budget of the expenditures necessary for replacement of furniture, fixtures and equipment and building repairs for the hotels during the following fiscal year and provide such budget to Ashford TRS for approval, which approval may not be unreasonably withheld, at the same time Remington Lodging submits the proposed annual operating budget for approval. Remington Lodging will, in accordance with the capital improvement budget, make such substitutions and replacements of or renewals to furniture, fixtures and equipment and non-routine repairs and maintenance as it deems necessary to maintain our hotels. Remington Lodging may not make any other expenditures without Ashford TRS approval, except expenditures which are required by reason of any (i) emergency, (ii) applicable legal requirements, (iii) the terms of any franchise agreement or (iv) are otherwise required for the continued safe and orderly operation of our hotels. The cost of all such changes, repairs, alterations, improvements, renewals, or replacements will be paid from the capital improvement reserve or other monies advanced by Ashford TRS.
Service and Project Management Fees
Ashford TRS has agreed to pay Remington Lodging a project management fee equal to 4% of the total project costs associated with the implementation of the approved capital improvement budget or renovation project for a hotel until such time that the capital improvement budget and renovation project costs involve expenditures in excess of 5% of gross revenues of such hotel, whereupon the project management fee will be 3% of total project costs in excess of the 5% of gross revenue threshold. In addition, Ashford TRS has agreed to pay Remington Lodging additional fees at then-current market rates for other services beyond managing the hotels or implementing the capital improvement budget. These other services include: (i) construction management, (ii) interior design assistance involved in implementing the capital improvement budget, (iii) managing architects and preparing drawings applicable to the implementation of the capital improvement budget and reviewing plans, drawings, shop drawings and other matters necessary for the proper implementation of the capital improvement budget, (iv) purchasing services, (v) managing freight selection and shipping processes, (vi) the warehousing of
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The fees for the additional services will be consistent with the approved capital improvement budget and will be deemed approved by Ashford TRS unless a majority of our independent directors determine that such fees for the additional services are not in line with market rates for similar services. In the event that the majority of our independent directors determine that the fees for the additional services are not market, Ashford TRS and Remington Lodging will engage a consultant reasonably satisfactory to both parties to provide then current market information with respect to the proposed fees and a written recommendation as to whether such fees are market rates or not. If the consultant determines that such fees as proposed by Remington Lodging are market, then we agree to pay any consultant fees incurred by such consultant in making the determination. If the consultants recommendation does not support the fees as proposed by Remington Lodging, then Remington Lodging agrees to pay the consultants fees incurred in connection with the determination and may, at its election, perform such service for fees consistent with the market research and recommendation of the consultant.
Indemnity Provisions
Remington Lodging has agreed to indemnify Ashford TRS against all damages not covered by insurance that arise from (i) the fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence of Remington Lodging; (ii) employee claims based on a substantial violation by Remington Lodging of employment laws or that are a direct result of the corporate policies of Remington Lodging; (iii) the knowing or reckless placing, discharge, leakage, use or storage of hazardous materials in violation of applicable environmental laws on or in any of our hotels by Remington Lodging; or (iv) the breach by Remington Lodging of the management agreement, including action taken by Remington Lodging beyond the scope of its authority under the management agreement, which is not cured.
Except to the extent indemnified by Remington Lodging as described in the preceding paragraph, Ashford TRS has agreed to indemnify Remington Lodging against all damages not covered by insurance and that arise from (i) the performance of Remington Lodgings services under the management agreement; (ii) the condition or use of our hotels; (iii) certain liabilities to which Remington Lodging is subjected pursuant to the WARN Act in connection with the termination of the management agreement; or (iv) any claims made by an employee of Remington Lodging against Remington Lodging or Ashford TRS that are based on a violation or alleged violation of the employment laws.
Events of Default
Events of default under the management agreement include:
| Ashford TRS or Remington Lodging experiences a bankruptcy-related event that is not discharged within 90 days. | |
| Ashford TRS or Remington Lodging fails to make any payment due under the management agreement, subject to a 10-day grace period. | |
| Ashford TRS or Remington Lodging fails to observe or perform any other term of the management agreement, subject to a 30-day grace period. There are certain instances in which the 30-day grace period extends to 120 days. | |
| Remington Lodging does not qualify as an eligible independent contractor as such term is defined in Section 856(d)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. |
If an event of default occurs and continues beyond any grace period, the non-defaulting party will have the option of terminating the management agreement, on 30 days notice to the other party. If the event of default relates solely to one or more, but not all, of the hotels, then the management agreement may only be terminated with respect to the hotels to which the event of default relates.
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Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
We and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating partnership, will enter into a mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel and Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett regarding lodging investment opportunities any of us identifies in the future. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett are the sole owners of Remington Hotel and Remington Lodging. The following summary assumes that we have already entered into the mutual exclusivity agreement. We will sign the agreement at the closing of the offering described in this prospectus.
Term
The initial term of the mutual exclusivity agreement will be 10 years. This term will automatically extend for three additional renewal periods of seven years each and a final renewal period of four years, for a total of up to 25 additional years. The agreement may be sooner terminated because of:
| an event of default (see Events of Default), | |
| a partys early termination rights (see Early Termination), or | |
| a termination of the management agreement between Ashford TRS and Remington Lodging because of an event of default under the management agreement with respect to all properties (see Relationship with Management Agreement). | |
Our Exclusivity Rights
Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel and Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett have granted us a first right of refusal to pursue all lodging investment opportunities identified by Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel or their affiliates (including the Bennetts), including opportunities to buy hotel properties, to buy land and build hotels, to buy existing loans on hotel properties, to make loans on hotel properties, or to otherwise invest in hotel properties. If investment opportunities are identified, Remington Hotel, Remington Lodging, or the Bennetts, as the case may be, will not pursue those opportunities (except as described below) and will give us a written notice and description of the investment opportunity, and we will have 10 business days to either accept or reject the investment opportunity. If we reject the opportunity, Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel or its respective affiliates may then pursue such investment opportunity on the same terms as offered to us. If the terms of such investment opportunity materially change, then Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel must offer the revised investment opportunity to us, whereupon we will have 10 business days to either accept or reject the opportunity on the revised terms.
Reimbursement of Costs
If we accept an investment opportunity from Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel, we will be obligated to reimburse Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel for the actual out-of-pocket and third-party expenses in connection with such investment opportunity, including any earnest money deposits, but excluding any finders fees, brokerage fee, development fee, management fee or other compensation to Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel or their affiliates. Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel must submit to us an accounting of the costs in reasonable detail.
Exclusivity Rights of Remington Lodging
If we elect to pursue an investment opportunity that consists of buying a hotel property or buying land for the purpose of building a hotel property, or constructing hotel improvements, we will hire Remington Lodging to manage the hotel, build the hotel, construct the improvements or provide project management or other services unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously elect not to engage Remington Lodging, or (ii) by a majority vote, elect not to engage Remington Lodging because they have determined (A) special circumstances exist such that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington Lodging for the particular hotel, or (B) based on the prior performance of Remington Lodging, another
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Excluded Investment Opportunities
The following are excluded from the mutual exclusivity agreement and are not subject to any exclusivity rights or right of first refusal:
| With respect to Remington, an investment opportunity where our independent directors have unanimously voted not to engage Remington Lodging as the manager or developer. | |
| With respect to Remington, an investment opportunity where our independent directors, by a majority vote, have elected not to engage Remington Lodging as the manager or developer based on their determination that special circumstances exist such that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington Lodging with respect to the particular hotel. | |
| With respect to Remington, an investment opportunity where our independent directors, by a majority vote, have elected not to engage Remington Lodging as the manager or developer because they have determined that another manager or developer could perform the management or development duties materially better than Remington Lodging for the particular hotel, based on Remington Lodgings prior performance. | |
| Existing hotel investments of Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel, or affiliates with any of their existing joint venture partners or property owners. | |
| Existing bona fide arms length third party management arrangements (or arrangements for other services such as project management) of Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel, or any of their affiliates with third parties other than us and our affiliates. | |
| Like-kind exchanges that may be made pursuant to existing contractual obligations by any of the existing joint ventures in which Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel, or their affiliates have an ownership interest. |
Management or Development
If we hire Remington Lodging to manage a hotel or construct hotel improvements, it will be pursuant to the terms of the management agreement between us and Remington Lodging. If we hire Remington Lodging to develop a hotel, the terms of the development will be pursuant to a form of development agreement that has been approved by us.
Events of Default
Each of the following is a default under the mutual exclusivity agreement:
| we, Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel experience a bankruptcy-related event; | |
| we fail to reimburse Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel as described under Reimbursement of Costs, subject to a 30-day cure period; | |
| we, Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel does not observe or perform any other term of the agreement, subject to a 30-day cure period (up to a maximum of 120 days in certain instances); and | |
| Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel or an affiliate defaults under the terms of any document that evidences the investment opportunity accepted by us, subject to any cure periods provided in such document. |
If a default occurs, the non-defaulting party will have the option of terminating the mutual exclusivity agreement and pursuing its rights and remedies under applicable law.
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Early Termination
Remington Lodging and Remington Hotel have the right to terminate the exclusivity rights granted to us if:
| Montgomery Bennett is removed as our Chief Executive Officer without cause, resigns for good reason, or his employment agreement is not renewed or there is a change in control of us and Mr. Bennett resigns within 12 months after the change in control, except, in all such cases, because of his death; | |
| Archie Bennett, Jr. is removed as one of our directors without cause, is not renominated to serve as Chairman or resigns for good reason, or there is a change in control of us and Mr. Bennett resigns within 12 months after the change in control, except, in all such cases, because of his death; | |
| upon expiration of the non-competition restrictions contained in the employment agreement of Montgomery Bennett, which apply if Montgomery Bennett has resigned without good reason as our Chief Executive Officer, if his employment agreement is not renewed, or if we terminate his employment for cause, if we have not then already terminated the exclusivity rights granted to Remington Lodging and Remington Hotel as a result of his resignation or our termination of his employment for cause; | |
| subject to each partys obligation to act in good faith, Montgomery Bennett is no longer our Chief Executive Officer and is subject to the non-competition restrictions in his employment agreement, and our independent directors, three times in a calendar year, in any combination set forth below: |
| elect not to pursue an investment opportunity presented to us by Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel or their affiliates; | |
| elect not to engage Remington Lodging with respect to a management or development opportunity we have elected to pursue; or | |
| fail to close on an investment opportunity presented to us by Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel or their affiliates (and accepted by us), and the failure to close is caused by us and not the third party selling the investment opportunity; or |
| we terminate the Remington exclusivity rights because (i) Montgomery Bennett resigns as our Chief Executive Officer without good reason or we terminate his employment for cause, (ii) Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel is no longer controlled by Archie Bennett, Jr. or Montgomery Bennett or their respective family partnership or trusts (as described below in the third bullet point describing our termination rights) or (iii) we experience a change in control and terminate the management agreement with Remington Lodging. |
We may terminate the exclusivity rights granted to Remington Lodging if:
| Remington Lodging fails to qualify as an eligible independent contractor as defined in Section 856(d)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code; | |
| Montgomery Bennett resigns as our Chief Executive Officer without good reason or if we terminate his employment for cause; | |
| if either Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel is no longer controlled by Archie Bennett, Jr. or Montgomery Bennett or their respective family partnership or trusts, the sole members of which are at all times lineal descendants of Archie Bennett, Jr. or Montgomery Bennett (including step children) and spouses. Control means (i) the possession, directly or indirectly, of a majority of the capital stock and voting power of Remington Lodging and Remington Hotel, or (ii) the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of Remington Lodging and Remington Hotel by serving as chief executive officer, president, chairman or similar position and spending a substantial amount of time managing Remington Lodging and Remington Hotel; | |
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| if we experience a change in control and terminate the management agreement between us and Remington Lodging and have paid the termination fee owing to Remington Lodging under the management agreement in the event of our termination for convenience; or | |
| if Remington Lodging or Remington Hotel terminates the exclusivity rights granted to us pursuant to an early termination right that they have. |
Cause and good reason for Montgomery Bennett and Archie Bennett, Jr., respectively, are defined in the employment agreement of Montgomery Bennett and the non-competition agreement of Archie Bennett, Jr.
Assignment
The mutual exclusivity agreement may not be assigned by Remington Lodging, Remington Hotel, the Bennetts, or us without the prior written consent of the other parties.
Relationship with Management Agreement
The rights provided to us and to Remington Lodging and Remington Hotel in the exclusivity agreement may be terminated if the management agreement between us and Remington Lodging terminates in its entirety because of an event of default as to all of the managed properties. A termination of Remington Lodgings management rights with respect to one or more hotels (but not all hotels) does not terminate the mutual exclusivity agreement. A termination of the mutual exclusivity agreement does not terminate the management agreement either in part or in whole, and the management agreement would continue in accordance with its terms as to the hotels it covers, despite a termination of the mutual exclusivity agreement.
Franchise Licenses
Embassy Suites is a registered trademark of Promus Hotels, Inc., and Radisson is a registered trademark of Radisson Hotels International, Inc. The registered owners of the trademarks have approved the change of the franchise licenses to our company, either through a transfer of the existing license or through the issuance of a new license. Based on this approval, we expect the registered owners to confirm our operating partnership or the subsidiary entity that owns the applicable property as a licensee in good standing upon the completion of the license transfer or upon the issuance of a new license, which will occur in each case upon completion of this offering.
We anticipate that most of the additional hotels we acquire will be operated under franchise licenses. We believe that the publics perception of quality associated with a franchisor is an important feature in the operation of a hotel. Franchisors provide a variety of benefits for franchisees, which include national advertising, publicity and other marketing programs designed to increase brand awareness, training of personnel, continuous review of quality standards and centralized reservation systems.
Remington Lodging must operate each hotel pursuant to the terms of the related franchise agreement, and Remington Lodging must use its best efforts to maintain the right to operate each hotel as such. In the event of termination of the related franchise agreement, Remington Lodging must operate the hotel under such other franchise agreement, if any, as we enter into or obtain as franchisee.
The franchise licenses generally specify certain management, operational, record keeping, accounting, reporting and marketing standards and procedures with which the franchisee must comply. Under the franchise licenses the franchisee must comply with the franchisors standards and requirements with respect to:
| training of operational personnel; | |
| safety; | |
| maintaining specified insurance; |
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| the types of services and products ancillary to guest room services that may be provided; | |
| display of signage; and | |
| the type, quality and age of furniture, fixtures and equipment included in guest rooms, lobbies and other common areas. |
Additionally, as the franchisee we are required to pay the franchise fees described below.
The following table sets forth certain information in connection with the existing franchise licenses for the initial properties:
Expiration | ||||||||
Property | Franchise Fee (1) | Marketing/Reservation Fee (1) | Date | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Austin Embassy Suites
|
4.0% | 3.5% | 07/12/2017 | |||||
Dallas Embassy Suites
|
4.0% | 3.5% | 01/22/2018 | |||||
Dulles Embassy Suites
|
4.0% | 3.5% | 06/26/2017 | |||||
Las Vegas Embassy Suites
|
4.0% | 3.5% | 04/06/2018 | |||||
Covington Radisson
|
3.0% (10/1/02 - 3/31/04) | 3.75% (10/1/02 - 3/31/04) | 12/31/2021 | |||||
3.5% (4/1/04 - 3/31/06) | 3.75% (4/1/04 - 3/31/06) | |||||||
4.0% (4/1/06 and thereafter) | 3.75% (4/1/06 and thereafter) | |||||||
Holtsville Radisson
|
3.0% (10/1/02 - 1/31/04 | 3.75% (10/1/02 - 1/31/04 | 12/31/2022 | |||||
3.5% (2/1/04 - 1/31/06) | 3.75% (2/1/04 - 1/31/06 | |||||||
4.0% (2/1/06 and thereafter) | 3.75% (2/1/06 and thereafter) |
(1) | Percentage of room revenues payable to the franchisor. |
Embassy Suites is a registered trademark of Promus Hotels, Inc. Promus Hotels, Inc. has not endorsed or approved this offering. A grant of an Embassy Suites license for certain of the initial properties is not intended and should not be interpreted as an express or implied approval or endorsement by Promus Hotels, Inc. or any of its affiliates, subsidiaries or divisions of us, our operating partnership or our common stock.
Radisson is a registered trademark of Radisson Hotels International, Inc. Radisson Hotels International, Inc. has not endorsed or approved this offering. A grant of a Radisson license for certain of the initial properties is not intended and should not be interpreted as an express or implied approval or endorsement by Radisson Hotels International, Inc. or any of its affiliates, subsidiaries or divisions of us, our operating partnership or our common stock.
Employees
Eight employees of Remington Hotel Corporation, including Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett and Messrs. Kessler and Nunneley, and three employees of Ashford Financial Corporation, including Messrs. Kimichik and Brooks, will become our employees. We intend to be self-advised, so we will utilize the services of our employees rather than retain an advisor.
Environmental Matters
Under various federal, state and local laws and regulations, an owner or operator of real estate may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances on such property. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of hazardous or toxic substances. Furthermore, a person that arranges for the disposal of a hazardous substance or transports a hazardous substance for disposal or treatment from property owned by another may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous substances released into the environment at that property. The costs of remediation or removal of such substances may be substantial, and the presence of such substances, or the failure to promptly remediate such substances, may adversely
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Recent Phase I environmental assessments have been obtained on each of the initial properties. The Phase I environmental assessments were intended to identify potential environmental contamination for which our properties may be responsible. The Phase I environmental assessments included:
| historical reviews of the initial properties, | |
| reviews of certain public records, | |
| preliminary investigations of the sites and surrounding properties, | |
| screening for the presence of hazardous substances, toxic substances and underground storage tanks, and | |
| the preparation and issuance of a written report. |
The Phase I environmental assessments did not include invasive procedures, such as soil sampling or ground water analysis.
The Phase I environmental assessments have not revealed any environmental liability that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, results of operations or liquidity, and we are not aware of any such liability. However, it is possible that these environmental assessments did not reveal all environmental liabilities. There may be material environmental liabilities of which we are unaware, including environmental liabilities that may have arisen since the Phase I assessments were completed or updated. No assurances can be given that (i) future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose any material environmental liability, or (ii) the current environmental condition of our properties will not be affected by the condition of properties in the vicinity of our properties (such as the presence of leaking underground storage tanks) or by third parties unrelated to the us.
We believe that the initial properties are in compliance in all material respects with all federal, state and local ordinances and regulations regarding hazardous or toxic substances and other environmental matters. Neither we nor, to our knowledge, any of the current owners of the initial properties have been notified by any governmental authority of any material noncompliance, liability or claim relating to hazardous or toxic substances or other environmental matter in connection with any of the initial properties.
Insurance
We will maintain comprehensive insurance, including liability, fire, workers compensation, extended coverage, rental loss and, when available on reasonable commercial terms, flood and earthquake insurance, with policy specifications, limits and deductibles customarily carried for similar properties. We will not maintain terrorism insurance on our properties. We do intend, however, to obtain environmental insurance on our initial properties. Certain types of losses, however (for example, matters of a catastrophic nature such as acts of war or earthquakes, or substantial known environmental liabilities), are either uninsurable or require such substantial premiums that the cost of maintaining such insurance is economically infeasible. Certain types of losses, such as those arising from subsidence activity, are insurable only to the extent that certain standard policy exceptions to insurability are waived by agreement with the insurer. See Risk Factors Real Estate Investment Risks Uninsured and Underinsured Losses. We believe, however, that the initial properties are adequately insured, consistent with industry standards.
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Depreciation
We will use the carryover basis for determining the tax basis for each of our initial properties contributed in exchange for units of partnership interests in our operating partnership. For federal income tax purposes, we intend to depreciate all depreciable hotel property over the same remaining useful lives and using the same methods currently used by the owners of the properties. Depreciation with respect to the real property components of our properties (other than land) generally will be computed using the straight-line method over a useful life of 15-39 years, for a depreciation rate ranging from 2.56% to 6.67% per year.
Our operating partnerships tax depreciation deductions will be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective interests in our operating partnership (except to the extent that the partnership is required under Internal Revenue Code section 704(c) to use a method for allocating depreciation deductions that results in us receiving a disproportionately larger share of the deductions). Because the initial basis in our properties contributed in exchange for operating partnership units will be less than the fair market value of those properties on the date of contribution, our depreciation deductions may be less than they otherwise would have been if our operating partnership had purchased those initial properties for cash or shares of our common stock.
72
SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following table sets forth selected historical operating and financial data for Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. This information represents the historical financial condition and results of operations of entities that own the initial assets.
The following selected historical combined financial information as of December 31, 2002 and 2001 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2002 were derived from audited financial statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus. The following selected historical combined financial information as of December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998 and for each of the years ending December 31, 1999 and 1998 were derived from unaudited financial statements. The following selected historical combined financial information as of June 30, 2003 and for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002, were derived from unaudited financial statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited historical combined financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which we consider necessary for a fair presentation of our financial condition and the results of operations as of such dates and for such periods under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
You should read the information below along with all other financial information and analysis presented in this prospectus, including the sections captioned Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.s combined financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Six Months Ended June 30, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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2003 | 2002 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating Information:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel revenues
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms
|
$ | 14,590,287 | $ | 14,624,736 | $ | 28,529,640 | $ | 29,165,515 | $ | 24,654,910 | $ | 17,420,118 | $ | 4,684,912 | ||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage
|
2,797,012 | 2,941,784 | 5,698,029 | 5,691,902 | 3,178,314 | 1,911,786 | 429,823 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
471,102 | 603,049 | 1,130,112 | 1,358,229 | 1,470,000 | 800,664 | 306,802 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Operating Revenue
|
$ | 17,858,401 | $ | 18,169,569 | $ | 35,357,781 | $ | 36,215,646 | $ | 29,303,224 | $ | 20,132,568 | $ | 5,421,537 | ||||||||||||||||
Expenses:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses Rooms
|
$ | 3,366,255 | $ | 3,207,361 | $ | 6,461,721 | $ | 6,260,660 | $ | 5,763,985 | $ | 4,729,894 | $ | 1,135,559 | ||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage
|
2,113,005 | 2,058,107 | 4,183,371 | 4,477,315 | 2,473,295 | 1,725,270 | 507,050 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other direct
|
370,117 | 323,103 | 621,693 | 608,350 | 661,351 | 508,164 | 126,563 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Indirect
|
4,443,590 | 3,872,149 | 8,702,894 | 8,624,169 | 5,978,140 | 4,442,853 | 1,871,159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees
|
535,730 | 545,082 | 1,059,867 | 1,463,900 | 1,308,966 | 907,612 | 243,969 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance, and other
|
1,224,659 | 1,150,466 | 2,437,482 | 2,197,404 | 1,558,545 | 1,096,857 | 370,864 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation & amortization
|
2,192,332 | 2,249,896 | 4,833,551 | 4,446,486 | 3,249,308 | 2,738,428 | 845,494 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate general and administrative
|
2,010,491 | 1,898,276 | 3,667,410 | 3,749,692 | 2,743,753 | 2,453,805 | 923,745 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Operating Expenses
|
$ | 16,256,179 | $ | 15,304,440 | $ | 31,967,989 | $ | 31,827,976 | $ | 23,737,343 | $ | 18,602,883 | $ | 6,024,403 | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss)
|
1,602,222 | 2,865,129 | 3,389,792 | 4,387,670 | 5,565,881 | 1,529,685 | (602,866 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income
|
16,849 | 17,379 | 53,485 | 226,531 | 161,004 | 9,075 | 8,100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense
|
3,015,866 | 3,066,985 | 6,536,195 | 7,520,694 | 5,014,163 | 3,417,233 | 1,100,853 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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|
|
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|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss)
|
$ | (1,396,795 | ) | $ | (184,477 | ) | $ | (3,092,918 | ) | $ | (2,906,493 | ) | $ | 712,722 | $ | (1,878,473 | ) | $ | (1,695,619 | ) | ||||||||||
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73
Six Months Ended June 30, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2003 | 2002 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
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|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Information:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in hotel properties, net
|
$ | 83,118,083 | $ | 85,246,801 | $ | 88,874,078 | $ | 68,292,242 | $ | 58,710,746 | $ | 37,681,678 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents(2)
|
6,827,530 | 6,322,368 | 8,329,486 | 5,991,418 | 5,381,569 | 2,472,921 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets
|
92,669,265 | 95,416,446 | 100,001,305 | 77,046,232 | 66,843,976 | 41,541,202 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage notes payable
|
82,096,150 | 82,126,150 | 80,410,792 | 49,355,734 | 39,653,655 | 23,297,291 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital leases payable
|
528,919 | 621,351 | 277,810 | 92,370 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities
|
86,262,174 | 86,105,492 | 84,684,368 | 53,836,084 | 43,438,808 | 27,207,298 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and owners equity
|
$ | 92,669,265 | $ | 95,416,446 | $ | 100,001,305 | $ | 77,046,232 | $ | 66,843,976 | $ | 41,541,202 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other Information:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash Flow:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provided by (used in) operating activities
|
$ | 2,638,890 | $ | 1,026,672 | $ | 622,734 | $ | 1,108,150 | $ | 4,870,739 | $ | (628,153 | ) | $ | 1,775,645 | |||||||||||||||
Provided by (used in) investing activities
|
$ | (50,484 | ) | $ | (1,023,366 | ) | $ | (1,079,824 | ) | $ | (24,899,286 | ) | $ | (12,778,381 | ) | $ | (23,744,316 | ) | $ | (38,635,332 | ) | |||||||||
Provided by (used in) financing activities
|
$ | (1,629,500 | ) | $ | (932,537 | ) | $ | (1,726,457 | ) | $ | 24,921,233 | $ | 8,315,129 | $ | 26,303,213 | $ | 38,543,720 | |||||||||||||
Total number of rooms
|
1,094 | 1,094 | 1,094 | 1,094 | 906 | 670 | 450 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total number of hotels
|
6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
EBITDA(1)
|
$ | 3,811,403 | $ | 5,132,404 | $ | 8,276,828 | $ | 9,060,687 | $ | 8,976,193 | $ | 4,277,188 | $ | 250,728 |
(1) | EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We believe EBITDA is useful to investors as an indicator of our ability to service debt and pay cash distributions. EBITDA, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies that do not define EBITDA exactly as we define the term. EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of performance or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as an indicator of liquidity. |
(2) | Includes restricted cash. |
Reconciliation of EBITDA
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income
|
$ | (1,396,795 | ) | $ | (184,477 | ) | $ | (3,092,918 | ) | $ | (2,906,493 | ) | $ | 712,722 | $ | (1,878,473 | ) | $ | (1,695,619 | ) | |||||||||
Plus depreciation and amortization
|
2,192,332 | 2,249,896 | 4,833,551 | 4,446,486 | 3,249,308 | 2,738,428 | 845,494 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Plus interest expense
|
3,015,866 | 3,066,985 | 6,536,195 | 7,520,694 | 5,014,163 | 3,417,233 | 1,100,853 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
EBITDA
|
$ | 3,811,403 | $ | 5,132,404 | $ | 8,276,828 | $ | 9,060,687 | $ | 8,976,193 | $ | 4,277,188 | $ | 250,728 | |||||||||||||||
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|
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74
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following unaudited pro forma combined financial information sets forth:
| The combined balance sheets of the entities to be contributed in the formation transactions, which are deemed to be our predecessor for accounting purposes, for the three months ended June 30, 2003. | |
| Pro forma adjustments and eliminations to give effect to the completion of the formation transactions and this offering as of the balance sheet date June 30, 2003. | |
| Pro forma, as adjusted, unaudited consolidated statements of operations of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and the year ended December 31, 2002 to give effect to the completion of the formation transactions and this offering as of January 1, 2002. | |
You should read the information below along with all other financial information and analysis presented in this prospectus, including the section captioned Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation and the predecessors historical combined financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information is presented for information purposes only, and we do not expect that this information will reflect our future results of operations or our financial position. The unaudited pro forma adjustments and eliminations are based upon assumptions that we believe are reasonable. The unaudited pro forma financial information assumes that the formation transactions and this offering were completed as of the balance sheet date for purposes of the unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet, and as of January 1st of the period for purposes of the unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of operation. Purchase accounting has not been applied to the contributed entities as they are under common ownership and control; the minority interest partners of the predecessor are considered part of the control group, as each minority interest partner is either a member of management of the predecessor or a director of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.
75
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
Unaudited | |||||||||||||
Historical | Pro Forma | Pro Forma | |||||||||||
June 30, | Adjustments and | June 30, | |||||||||||
2003 | Eliminations | 2003 | |||||||||||
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|
|
|||||||||||
ASSETS | |||||||||||||
Investment in hotel properties
|
$ | 101,187,622 | $ | 8,741,543 | (17) | $ | 109,929,165 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation
|
(18,069,539 | ) | (18,069,539 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Investment in hotel properties, net
|
83,118,083 | 8,741,543 | 91,859,626 | ||||||||||
Cash
|
3,927,720 | 350,000,000 | (1) | 257,665,205 | |||||||||
4,650,000 | (2) | ||||||||||||
(3,638,016 | ) (3) | ||||||||||||
(27,250,000 | ) (4) | ||||||||||||
(3,000,000 | ) (9) | ||||||||||||
(66,096,150 | ) (13) | ||||||||||||
2,554,984 | (14) | ||||||||||||
(2,933,333 | ) (16) | ||||||||||||
(550,000 | ) (18) | ||||||||||||
Restricted cash
|
2,899,810 | (2,554,984 | ) (14) | 344,826 | |||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for
doubtful accounts of $13,263 as of June 30, 2003
|
1,070,296 | 1,070,296 | |||||||||||
Inventories
|
191,112 | 191,112 | |||||||||||
Deferred costs, net
|
1,001,045 | (639,436 | ) (15) | 361,609 | |||||||||
Prepaid expenses
|
416,369 | 416,369 | |||||||||||
Other assets
|
44,830 | 44,830 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total assets
|
$ | 92,669,265 | $ | 259,284,608 | $ | 351,953,873 | |||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
LIABILITIES AND OWNERS EQUITY | |||||||||||||
Mortgage notes payable
|
$ | 82,096,150 | $ | (66,096,150 | ) (13) | $ | 16,000,000 | ||||||
Capital lease payable
|
528,919 | 528,919 | |||||||||||
Accounts payable
|
1,240,448 | 1,240,448 | |||||||||||
Accrued payroll expense
|
531,111 | 531,111 | |||||||||||
Accrued vacation expense
|
228,209 | 228,209 | |||||||||||
Accrued sales and occupancy taxes
|
361,846 | 361,846 | |||||||||||
Accrued real estate taxes
|
426,379 | 426,379 | |||||||||||
Accrued expenses
|
452,610 | 452,610 | |||||||||||
Accrued interest
|
273,000 | 273,000 | |||||||||||
Due to affiliates
|
123,502 | 123,502 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total liabilities
|
$ | 86,262,174 | $ | (66,096,150 | ) | $ | 20,166,024 | ||||||
Minority interest
|
60,093,592 | (8) | 0 | ||||||||||
(64,274,995 | ) (8) | ||||||||||||
(528,919 | ) (8) | ||||||||||||
(3,000,000 | ) (9) | ||||||||||||
361,609 | (10) | ||||||||||||
(2,933,333 | ) (16) | ||||||||||||
8,741,543 | (17) | ||||||||||||
(1,403,083 | ) (19) | ||||||||||||
2,943,586 | (20) | ||||||||||||
Owners equity
|
6,407,091 | (4,363,032 | ) (3) | 0 | |||||||||
4,710,322 | (8) | ||||||||||||
(361,609 | ) (10) | ||||||||||||
(5,203,336 | ) (11) | ||||||||||||
(550,000 | ) (18) | ||||||||||||
(639,436 | ) (15) | ||||||||||||
Shares of common stock
|
0 | 350,000 | (1) | 367,662 | |||||||||
5,000 | (2) | ||||||||||||
250 | (5) | ||||||||||||
9,315 | (6) | ||||||||||||
931 | (7) | ||||||||||||
2,166 | (12) | ||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital
|
0 | 349,650,000 | (1) | 331,420,187 | |||||||||
4,645,000 | (2) | ||||||||||||
725,016 | (3) | ||||||||||||
(27,250,000 | ) (4) | ||||||||||||
(250 | ) (5) | ||||||||||||
(9,315 | ) (6) | ||||||||||||
(931 | ) (7) | ||||||||||||
23,024,491 | (11) | ||||||||||||
(17,821,155 | ) (11) | ||||||||||||
(2,166 | ) (12) | ||||||||||||
1,403,083 | (19) | ||||||||||||
(2,943,586 | ) (20) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total owners equity
|
$ | 6,407,091 | $ | 325,380,758 | $ | 331,787,849 | |||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total liabilities and owners equity
|
$ | 92,669,265 | $ | 259,284,608 | $ | 351,953,873 | |||||||
|
|
|
76
Adjustment Notes:
(1) | Reflects the sale of 35,000,000 shares of common stock of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., par value of $.01 at the initial price of $10. | |
(2) | Reflects the sale of 500,000 restricted shares of common stock of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., par value of $.01, to Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett at the initial price of $10 less the underwriters discount of 7%. | |
(3) | Reflects the payment of net working capital to Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett of $3,638,016 (net of fixed asset commitments of $725,016) as of June 30, 2003. | |
(4) | Reflects the payment of $27,250,000 of underwriting costs of the offering, consisting of $24,500,000 of underwriters discount and $2,750,000 of underwriting expense. | |
(5) | Reflects the issuance of 25,000 shares of common stock of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., par value of $.01, to company directors. The pro forma balance sheet reflects only the par value in shares of common stock. | |
(6) | Reflects the issuance of 931,500 restricted shares of common stock of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., par value of $.01, to company employees and employees of affiliates based upon the assumed sale of 35.0 million shares of common stock in this offering. The pro forma income statement will reflect the transaction at the initial price of $10. The transaction has been reported in the pro forma balance sheet solely at par value through additional paid-in capital. | |
(7) | Reflects the issuance of 93,149 shares of common stock of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., par value of $.01, to the underwriters based upon the assumed sale of 35.0 million shares of common stock in this offering. The pro forma balance sheet reflects only the par value in shares of common stock. | |
(8) | To record the minority interest resulting from the contributed assets to Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership in exchange for 4,632,917 units as follows: | |
June 30, 2003 | ||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
Minority | Minority | Minority | Minority | |||||||||||||
Interest Net | Interest | Interest Lease | Interest | |||||||||||||
Cost | Debt | Payables | Net | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Austin Embassy
|
$ | 9,744,288 | $ | 12,400,000 | ||||||||||||
Dallas Embassy
|
9,587,988 | 12,560,000 | ||||||||||||||
Dulles Embassy
|
10,337,802 | 14,040,000 | ||||||||||||||
Las Vegas
|
18,995,369 | 16,000,000 | ||||||||||||||
Covington
|
11,428,145 | 9,274,995 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Net initial contributed assets
|
$ | 60,093,592 | $ | 64,274,995 | $ | 528,919 | $ | (4,710,322 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
(9) | Reflects additional consideration of $3,000,000 paid in cash for Las Vegas property transferred to Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership. |
(10) | Reflects reclass of owners equity to minority interest reflecting additional contributed asset of deferred loan costs relating to the continuing loan on the Las Vegas property. |
(11) | To record the equity resulting from the contributed assets to Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. in exchange for 216,634 shares of common stock, par value of $.01, as follows: |
June 30, 2003 | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Owners | Owners | Owners | ||||||||||
Equity Net | Equity | Equity | ||||||||||
Cost | Debt | Net | ||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||
Holtsville
|
$ | 23,024,491 | $ | 17,821,155 | $ | 5,203,336 | ||||||
|
|
|
(12) | Reflects reclass of 216,634 shares of common stock of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., par value of $.01, from paid-in capital to capital stock from the contribution of the Holtsville property. |
(13) | Reflects mortgage loans payoffs and debt forgiveness as follows: |
June 30, | ||||
2003 | ||||
|
||||
Austin Embassy
|
$ | 12,400,000 | ||
Dallas Embassy
|
12,560,000 | |||
Dulles Embassy
|
14,040,000 | |||
Covington
|
9,274,995 | |||
Holtsville
|
17,821,155 | |||
|
||||
Total mortgage loans payoffs
|
$ | 66,096,150 | ||
|
77
(14) | Reflects adjustment of restricted cash balance due to mortgage loans payoffs. |
(15) | Reflects an adjustment to write down deferred loan costs due to mortgage loans payoffs. |
(16) | Reflects an adjustment for the redemption of Special Limited Partner. Promus, a Special Limited Partner to the Initial Limited Partnerships, is an affiliate of Embassy Suites. Promus agreed to contribute approximately $2 million of equity as Special Limited Partner to each of the developments under the master construction agreement with Nomura. Under the agreement, Promus is allocated an amount equivalent to a guaranteed 8% annual return during the one-year period beginning on the date the respective contribution was made, and an 11% return thereafter. The Special Limited Partner interest was redeemed by the Partnerships of Austin, Dallas, and Dulles upon closing a $39,000,000 mortgage loan in February of 2001. With respect to Las Vegas, the Special Limited Partner interest of $2.9 million continues to accrue a return of 11%. |
(17) | Reflects an adjustment to record the step-up of the historical net carrying value resulting from the acquisition of the minority partner interests. The 15.5% minority interest step-up is calculated as follows: |
Gross Asset | Net Carrying | 15.5% Minority | ||||||||||||||
Value | Value | Excess | Step-Up | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Austin Embassy
|
$ | 22,037,500 | $ | 9,744,288 | $ | 12,293,212 | $ | 1,905,448 | ||||||||
Dallas Embassy
|
19,218,750 | 9,587,988 | 9,630,762 | 1,492,768 | ||||||||||||
Dulles Embassy
|
27,418,750 | 10,337,802 | 17,080,948 | 2,647,547 | ||||||||||||
Las Vegas Embassy
|
36,387,500 | 18,995,369 | 17,392,131 | 2,695,780 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Totals
|
$ | 105,062,500 | $ | 48,665,447 | $ | 56,397,053 | $ | 8,741,543 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
(18) | Reflects a reduction in purchased working capital from a 1% exit fee on the payoff of the $39,000,000 GMAC loan for the Austin Embassy, Dallas Embassy and Dulles Embassy properties and the $16,000,000 Merrill Lynch loan for the Las Vegas Embassy. |
(19) | Reflects an adjustment to record as a distribution the excess of cash consideration received over net book value for the Las Vegas Embassy as follows: |
(20) | Reflects the elimination of negative minority interest. The elimination is made in accordance with EITF 94-2, Treatment of Minority Interest in Certain Real Estate Investments , as the net equity of the operating partnership is less than zero (after contributions of the properties) and therefore the initial minority interest is zero. |
78
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
Unaudited | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Historical | Pro Forma | Historical | Pro Forma | |||||||||||||||||||||||
June 30, | Pro Forma | June 30, | December 31, | Pro Forma | December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2003 | Adjustments | 2003 | 2002 | Adjustments | 2002 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms
|
$ | 14,590,287 | $ | 14,590,287 | $ | 28,529,640 | $ | 28,529,640 | ||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage
|
2,797,012 | 2,797,012 | 5,698,029 | 5,698,029 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
471,102 | 471,102 | 1,130,112 | 1,130,112 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total Revenue
|
17,858,401 | | 17,858,401 | 35,357,781 | | 35,357,781 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms
|
3,366,255 | 3,366,255 | 6,461,721 | 6,461,721 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage
|
2,113,005 | 2,113,005 | 4,183,371 | 4,183,371 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other direct
|
370,117 | 370,117 | 621,693 | 621,693 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Indirect
|
4,443,590 | 1,552,500 | (4) | 5,996,090 | 8,702,894 | 3,105,000 | (4) | 11,807,894 | ||||||||||||||||||
Management fees
|
535,730 | 535,730 | 1,059,867 | 1,059,867 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance, and other
|
1,224,659 | 1,224,659 | 2,437,482 | 2,437,482 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation & amortization
|
2,192,332 | 175,689 | (6) | 2,368,021 | 4,833,551 | 342,743 | (6) | 5,176,294 | ||||||||||||||||||
Corporate general and administrative
|
2,010,491 | 1,980,837 | (5) | 3,991,328 | 3,667,410 | 3,961,674 | (5) | 7,629,084 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total Operating Expenses
|
16,256,179 | 3,709,026 | 19,965,205 | 31,967,989 | 7,409,417 | 39,377,406 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Operating Income (Loss)
|
1,602,222 | (3,709,026 | ) | (2,106,804 | ) | 3,389,792 | (7,409,417 | ) | (4,019,625 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income
|
16,849 | 16,849 | 53,485 | 53,485 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense
|
3,015,866 | (2,306,050 | ) (1) | 496,816 | 6,536,195 | (4,759,515 | ) (1) | 1,350,682 | ||||||||||||||||||
(213,000 | ) (2) | (425,998 | ) (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Net (Loss) Income before Minority Interest and
Income Taxes
|
(1,396,795 | ) | (1,189,976 | ) | (2,586,771 | ) | (3,092,918 | ) | (2,223,904 | ) | (5,316,822 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense
|
| | (3) | | | | (3) | | ||||||||||||||||||
Minority interest
|
| | (8) | | | | (8) | | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Net (Loss) Income from Continuing
Operations
|
$ | (1,396,795 | ) | $ | (1,189,976 | ) | $ | (2,586,771 | ) | $ | (3,092,918 | ) | $ | (2,223,904 | ) | $ | (5,316,822 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings per share from continuing
operations:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted
|
$ | (0.07 | ) | $ | (0.14 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Common shares outstanding:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted
|
36,766,283 | (7) | 36,766,283 | (7) |
(1) | Adjustment to interest expense due to mortgage notes payoffs |
June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2003 | 2002 | |||||||
|
|
|||||||
Austin Embassy
|
523,694 | 1,056,067 | ||||||
Dallas Embassy
|
530,450 | 1,069,693 | ||||||
Dulles Embassy
|
592,956 | 1,195,740 | ||||||
Covington
|
224,994 | 499,849 | ||||||
Holtsville
|
433,956 | 938,166 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
$ | 2,306,050 | $ | 4,759,515 | |||||
|
|
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(2) | Elimination of deferred loan cost amortization due to payoff of mortgage notes payable |
June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2003 | 2002 | |||||||
|
|
|||||||
Austin Embassy
|
46,120 | 92,241 | ||||||
Dallas Embassy
|
46,407 | 92,814 | ||||||
Dulles Embassy
|
49,686 | 99,371 | ||||||
Covington
|
19,130 | 38,259 | ||||||
Holtsville
|
51,657 | 103,313 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
$ | 213,000 | $ | 425,998 | |||||
|
|
(3) | Income tax expense on a pro forma basis of the taxable REIT subsidiary is not significant. | |
(4) | Adjustment represents restricted shares issued to officers, employees and employees of affiliates vesting one-third annually. Pro forma compensation expense is calculated as follows: | |
December 31, 2002 931,500 shares valued at $10 per share offering price for total compensation expense of $9,315,000, of which one-third vests annually for pro forma compensation expense of $3,105,000 for the year.
June 30, 2003 931,500 shares valued at $10 per share offering price for total compensation expense of $9,315,000, of which one-third vests annually for pro forma compensation expense of $1,552,500.
(5) | Entry made to record additional general and administrative expenses associated with the operations of the company. Amount includes projected compensation and benefit expenses for the eight employees of Remington and three employees of Ashford, along with a provision for overhead and administration expense calculated on a historical cost basis, along with property level general and administrative expenses. | |
(6) | Entry made to record additional depreciation expense resulting from step-up of net carrying value due to acquisition of minority interests. | |
(7) | The shares used in the basic calculation include: | |
Initial shares
|
35,000,000 | |||
Shares of restricted stock issuable to Archie and
Montgomery Bennett
|
500,000 | |||
Shares of restricted stock conveyed to a limited
partnership owned by Archie and Montgomery Bennett
|
216,634 | |||
Stock issuable to our directors
|
25,000 | |||
Stock issuable to our underwriters
|
93,149 | |||
Restricted stock issuable to executives and
employees
|
931,500 | |||
|
||||
Total basic and diluted shares
|
36,766,283 | |||
|
Shares issuable upon conversion of 5,657,917 units of partnership interest in our operating partnership have not been included in the calculation of diluted shares, as it would be anti-dilutive. |
(8) | The Minority Interests have not been allocated any of the pro forma loss as, in accordance with EITF 94-2, Treatment of Minority Interests in Certain Real Estate Investments , any losses in excess of the minority interest balance should be charged against the majority interest. |
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Nonrecurring items not reflected in the pro forma statements of operations:
(9) | Elimination of unamortized deferred loan costs due to payoff of mortgage notes payable, which is nonrecurring and therefore excluded from the pro forma statements of operations. |
January 1, | January 1, | |||||||
2003 | 2002 | |||||||
|
|
|||||||
Austin Embassy
|
99,928 | 192,168 | ||||||
Dallas Embassy
|
100,548 | 193,362 | ||||||
Dulles Embassy
|
107,652 | 207,024 | ||||||
Covington
|
33,476 | 71,735 | ||||||
Holtsville
|
111,923 | 215,236 | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
$ | 453,527 | $ | 879,525 | |||||
|
|
(10) | On May 13, 2003, the company entered into an agreement to amend the mortgage loans payable related to Covington and Holtsville that will extend the original terms through November 1, 2004. In addition, if the Covington and Holtsville related loans are both paid in full prior to November 1, 2003, the lender will discount the principal of the Covington related loan to $6,000,000 which is a reduction of $3,274,995. The agreement is subject to the parties entering into a definitive written modification document. The company believes the agreement is a commitment by the lender subject to normal commercial loan documentation. The $3,274,995 adjustment from forgiveness of Covington debt has not been included in the pro forma statements of operations as the adjustment is nonrecurring. |
(11) | Compensatory shares of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. will be granted to directors calculated as follows: 25,000 shares times $10 per share offering price which vests over six months for total compensation expense of $250,000 for the year ended December 31, 2002 and $250,000 for the period ended June 30, 2003. No adjustment has been recorded in the pro forma statements of operations as it is nonrecurring. |
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MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources in conjunction with our combined historical financial statements and the related notes. The notes to the combined financial statements provide information about us and the basis of presentation used in this prospectus.
Overview
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. is a newly-formed, self-advised real estate investment trust, or REIT, which was organized to take advantage of the existing and developing investment opportunities in the lodging industry. Immediately prior to our formation, all of our senior executive officers were employed by and were responsible for the lodging-related investment activities of Remington Hotel Corporation and its related company, Ashford Financial Corporation. Immediately following this offering we will own six hotel properties and intend to use the net proceeds to acquire additional hotels and provide structured financing to owners of lodging properties, including senior and junior loans and sale-leaseback transactions.
The discussion below relates to the financial condition and results of operation of the six initial properties on a combined basis. For accounting purposes, the entities that previously owned the initial properties are deemed our predecessor. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The combined historical financial statements presented herein were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
For us to qualify as a REIT, we cannot operate hotels. Therefore, our operating partnership will lease our hotel properties to our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary Ashford TRS Corporation. Ashford TRS will be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary for federal income tax purposes. Our operating partnerships and therefore our principal source of funds will be dependent primarily on Ashford TRSs ability to generate cash flow from the operation of the hotels.
The Embassy Suites hotels that are part of the initial properties were originally developed in a joint venture with Nomura Asset Capital Corporation. Through a negotiated buyout, Nomura Asset Capital Corporation was redeemed out of the various partnerships effective August 2000 for the Embassy Suites hotels in Austin, Dallas and Dulles and effective in December 2002 for the Embassy Suites hotel in Las Vegas.
The following non-recurring items associated with the consummation of the formation transactions will affect future results of operations:
| As a result of the pay-off of existing debt obligations, future loan cost amortization expense will decline. | |
| Because of the Covington debt forgiveness, as described in Note 8 on page F-17, future interest expense will be less. | |
Furthermore, we may recognize additional revenue from the payments under the management and consulting agreements which we estimate to be approximately $1.2 million per year.
Results of Operations of the Initial Properties
Results of operations are best explained by three key performance indicators: occupancy, average daily rate or ADR, and net revenue per available room or RevPAR. Increases in RevPAR attributable to increases in occupancy are accompanied by increases in most categories of variable operating costs. Increases in RevPAR attributable to increases in ADR are accompanied by increases in limited categories of operating costs, such as management fees and franchise fees.
82
Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2003 with the Six Months Ended June 30, 2002
Revenue. Total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2003, decreased $311,168 or 1.71% from the six months ended June 30, 2002. The decline in total revenues was due to a variety of factors, including the outbreak of the Iraq war in March of 2003. Room revenues on an aggregate basis for the six months ended June 30, 2003, decreased $34,449, or 0.24% from the six months ended June 30, 2002. Individually, the Dallas Embassy Suites experienced a 15.9% decline in room revenues from the six-month period ended June 30, 2003 compared to the same period in 2002 as a result of decreased room demand due to a downturn in the North Dallas area economy, which is heavily dependent upon businesses in the high-tech and telecom sectors, and increased room supply in its competitive marketplace. The 15.9% decline in room revenue was made up of a decline in average daily rate of 10.3% and a decline in occupancy of 6.2%. The Dulles Embassy Suites experienced an increase in room revenue of 9.9% during the same period due to an improvement in the Dulles airport area marketplace that had suffered a downturn in business following the September 11, 2001 terrorist events. Food and beverage revenue on an aggregate basis declined $144,772 or 4.92% from the six months ended June 30, 2002 compared to the same period in 2003. Food and beverage revenue at the Covington property declined by $74,871 or 6.48% from the period ending June 30, 2003 compared to the same period in 2002, due to a change in the mix of business customer more toward airline crews coming into the Cincinnati/ Northern Kentucky airport, who utilize food and beverage facilities to a lesser extent than other business travelers. The food and beverage revenue at the Dulles Embassy Suites also declined by $42,811 or 17.24%, due to a decline in banquet revenues that were higher than usual in 2002, and did not reoccur in 2003. The $311,168 decrease in total revenue in the first six months of 2003 was due in part to a decline in telephone revenue. Telephone revenues declined by $151,304 due to changes in customer usage away from in-room phones and toward cellular phones.
Expenses. Total hotel operating expenses increased $822,896 or 8.22% from the six months ended June 30, 2002 to the same period in 2003. Of this total increase, room expenses increased $184,200 or 5.79% primarily due to increased payroll costs; food and beverage expenses increased $54,901 or 2.67% due to increased food and payroll costs; repair and maintenance expense increased $140,276, or 12.61% due to capital improvements at the Dallas and Austin properties; ownership expenses increased $207,626 primarily due to higher than usual professional and legal fees and utility refunds; and energy costs increased $108,374 or 14.03% due to the following reasons:
| An 18% increase in energy costs at the Austin Embassy Suites with no significant change in rate primarily due to problems with the property energy management system that caused the air conditioning to run inefficiently. | |
| A 19% increase in energy costs at the Covington property driven primarily by increased usage due to increased occupancy. | |
| A 46% increase in energy costs at the Holtsville property driven by an increase in utility costs as well as a much colder winter period in 2003 vs. the same period in 2002. | |
Other operating expenses increased by $128,843, or 2%, from June 30, 2002 compared to the same period in 2003. Of this total, insurance cost increased by $85,243 or 21.9% due to the increased cost of insurance after the terrorist events of September 11, 2001, and general and administrative expenses increased by $112,215 or 5.91% due to increased payroll costs at the hotels.
Operating income declined $1,262,907 from the six months ended June 30, 2002 to the same period in 2003 due to the cumulative effect of a $311,168 decline in revenues and increased payroll and operating costs.
Net loss increased by $1,212,316 from $184,477 for the six months ended June 30, 2002 to $1,396,793 for the same period in 2003.
83
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2002 to Year Ended December 31, 2001
Revenue. Room revenues decreased $635,875, or 2.2% from 2001 to 2002. In spite of the 5.2% decline in market RevPAR for all the properties combined, the Embassy Suites hotels in Dallas, Austin, Dulles and Las Vegas and the hotel in Covington all continued to experience positive market yield penetration with the Embassy Suites hotel in Las Vegas experiencing the largest market yield increase of over 11.4%. Market yield penetration is a percentage of a propertys RevPAR (average daily rate or ADR multiplied by occupancy rate) to the RevPAR of a particular competitive set. A competitive set consists of properties that compete for business directly with a particular property. The competitive set properties have similar physical facilities, locations and room rates and compete for the same customers. Overall our occupancy increased by 7.3% from 61.5% for the year ended December 31, 2001 to 66% for the same period in 2002. The hotel in Covington experienced the largest gain increasing occupancy 41% from 2001 to 2002. The only occupancy decline occurred at the hotel in Holtsville declining over 8% mainly due to construction activity during 2002. Our average daily rate declined by 9.7% from $119.94 for the year ended December 31, 2001 to $108.29 for the same period in 2002. All the hotels except Las Vegas experienced declines in average daily rates. Food and beverage revenue stayed almost constant growing $6,127 from 2001 to 2002. Total revenues decreased $857,865, or 2.4%, from 2001 to 2002. Almost $300,000 of the revenue decline was due to energy surcharges that were eliminated due to franchise limitations. The decreasing hotel revenues at the Austin Embassy Suites, Dallas Embassy Suites, Dulles Embassy Suites and the Holtsville Radisson can be attributed to the general softening in the economy and the continued impact on the travel industry from the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
Expenses. Hotel operating expenses declined by $404,848 or 1.9% from 2001 to 2002 due to effective cost controls in the food and beverage area as well as a reduction in the management fee in the Embassy Suites properties from 4.5% to 3%. Included in the hotel operating expenses were sales and marketing expenses which increased 12.2% from December 31, 2001 to December 31, 2002 as a result of additional staffing at the Holtsville property and the Covington property in order to drive revenues.
Total operating expenses increased by $140,013 or 0.4% from the year ended December 31, 2001 to December 31, 2002. The majority of this increase was due to an increase in depreciation of $387,065 from the year ended December 31, 2001 to December 31, 2002 resulting from the purchase of the Holtsville property in November of 2000 and the purchase of the Covington property in January of 2001; an increase of $363,724 or 60.3% for insurance costs for the same periods due to the increasing costs of insurance; and the write-off of an insurance claim that occurred at the Las Vegas Embassy Suites hotel in August 2000. Property taxes actually declined by $123,646 or 7.8% for the same period mainly due to the successful property tax appeal for the Austin Embassy Suites hotel where the valuation declined by around $5.5 million.
Operating income declined by $997,878 from $4.4 million in 2001 to $3.4 million in 2002.
Interest expense declined by $984,499 from December 31, 2001 to December 31, 2002 due to a reduction in interest rates.
Net loss increased from $2.906 million to $3.093 million from 2001 to 2002.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2001 to Year Ended December 31, 2000
Revenue. Room revenues increased $4.5 million, or 18.3% from 2000 to 2001. Food and beverage revenue grew $2.5 million or 79%. These revenue increases were primarily driven by the acquisition of the Holtsville MacArthur property in January 2001 and the acquisition of the Radisson Covington property in November 2000. Comparing all of the properties exclusive of the new acquisitions in Holtsville and Covington, room revenues declined $2.9 million or 11.7% from 2000 to 2001. Overall occupancy on all the properties exclusive of Holtsville and Covington declined 14% from 81.8% for the year ended December 31, 2000 to 70.3% for the year ended December 31, 2001. Average daily rate for all the properties exclusive of Holtsville and Covington increased 2.9% from $121.80 for the year ended December 31, 2000 to $125.35 for the year ended December 31, 2001. The revenue declines for the period
84
Expenses. Hotel operating expenses grew by $5.2 million or 32.4% from 2000 to 2001 primarily because of the acquisition of the Holtsville MacArthur property in January 2001 and the Radisson Covington property in November 2000. Exclusive of these two hotels, hotel operating expenses declined by $1.6 million or 10% from 2000 to 2001 due to the cost cutting on variable costs associated with declining revenues. Energy costs continued to increase from December 31, 2000 to December 31, 2001 increasing 13.1% due to the increase in utility rates.
Total operating expenses increased from $23.7 million to $31.8 million or 34.1% because of the acquisition of the Holtsville and Covington properties. Total operating expenses exclusive of Holtsville and Covington declined by $1.5 million or 6.6% because of the reduction of variable costs undertaken due to a reduction in revenues. Most of the operating expense reductions occurred as reductions of general administrative cuts at the Dallas Embassy Suites and the Austin Embassy Suites hotels. Operating income declined from $5.6 million in 2000 to $4.4 million in 2001.
Interest expense increased from $5.0 million to $7.5 million from December 31, 2000 to December 31, 2001 due to the additional debt on the Holtsville MacArthur property and the Radisson Covington property, and increased amortization of deferred financing costs.
Net income declined from a profit of $712,722 to a net loss of $2.9 million from 2000 to 2001.
Our principal source of funds to meet our cash requirements, including distributions to stockholders, will be our share of operating partnerships cash flow. The partnerships principal sources of revenue will include (i) cash flow from hotel operations; (ii) interest income from mortgages we own; and (iii) rental income from third parties in sale-leaseback transactions.
Our principal source of cash to meet our cash requirements, including dividends to stockholders, is our share of the operating partnerships cash flow from the operations of the hotels. Cash flow from hotel operations is subject to all operating risks common to the hotel industry, including:
| Competition for guests from other hotels; | |
| Adverse effects of general and local economic conditions; | |
| Dependence on demand from business and leisure travelers, which may fluctuate and be seasonal; | |
| Increases in energy costs, airline fares, and other expenses related to travel, which may deter traveling; | |
| Increases in operating costs related to inflation and other factors, including wages, benefits, insurance and energy; | |
| Overbuilding in the hotel industry, especially in particular markets; and | |
| Actual or threatened acts of terrorism and actions taken against terrorists that cause public concern about travel safety. |
Upon the consummation of the offering and application of the net proceeds from the offering, we expect to have approximately $254.1 million to invest in lodging-related assets and for general corporate purposes and will have approximately $16.0 million of outstanding mortgage debt arising from our assumption of existing debt on the Las Vegas Embassy Suites. We intend to acquire and, in the appropriate market conditions, develop additional hotels and provide structured financings to owners of
85
We are currently in negotiations with several financial institutions to obtain an approximate $120 million secured credit facility prior to completion of this offering. No assurances can be given that we will obtain such credit facility or if we do what the amount and terms will be. Our failure to obtain such a facility for favorable terms could adversely impact our ability to execute on our business strategy.
We will acquire or develop additional hotels and invest in structured financings only as suitable opportunities arise, and we will not undertake such investments unless adequate sources of financing are available. Funds for future hotel-related investments are expected to be derived, in whole or in part, from future borrowings under a credit facility or other borrowings or from the proceeds of additional issuances of common stock or other securities. We have no agreement or understanding to invest in any properties other than the initial hotels, and there can be no assurance that we will successfully make additional investments. See Our Business Strategies Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate.
The downturn in the national economy, the aftermath of the terrorist attacks against the United States and the impact of the war in Iraq have had a negative impact upon our operating cash flows. We expect the negative impact to continue through the second quarter of 2003.
Inflation
Our revenues initially will be based on the property leases, which will result in changes in our revenues resulting from changes in the underlying initial property revenues. Therefore, we initially will be relying entirely on the performance of the initial properties and the ability of Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P., the manager of the properties on behalf of Ashford TRS, to increase revenues to keep pace with inflation. Operators of hotels can change room rates quickly, but competitive pressures may limit the ability to raise rates faster than inflation.
Seasonality
The initial properties operations historically have been seasonal. Three of the initial properties maintain higher occupancy rates during the summer months. The two hotels located in Texas and the hotel located in Las Vegas experience their highest occupancy in the late winter and spring months. This seasonality pattern can be expected to cause fluctuations in our quarterly lease revenue under the percentage leases. We anticipate that our cash flow from the operation of the properties will be sufficient to enable us to make quarterly distributions to maintain our REIT status. To the extent that cash flow from operations is insufficient during any quarter, because of temporary or seasonal fluctuations in lease revenue, we expect to utilize other cash on hand or borrowings to make those distributions. See Our Business Strategy Financing Strategy.) We cannot make any assurances we will make distributions in the future.
The critical accounting policies which we believe are the most significant to fully understand and evaluate our reported financial results are described below:
Investment in Hotel Properties
Hotel properties are stated at cost, net of any impairment charges, and are depreciated using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of 15-39 years for building and 3-5 years for furniture and equipment.
We review our hotel properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the hotel properties may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that may cause us to perform our review include, but are not limited to, adverse changes in the demand for lodging at our
86
There were no charges for impairment recorded in 2002.
We estimate the fair market values of our properties through cash flow analysis taking into account each propertys expected cash flow generated from operations, holding period and ultimate proceeds from disposition. In projecting the expected cash flows from operations of the asset, we base our estimates on future projected earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and deduct expected capital expenditure requirements. We then apply growth assumptions to project these amounts over the expected holding period of the asset. Our growth assumptions are based on estimated changes in room rates and expenses and the demand for lodging at our properties, as impacted by local and national economic conditions and estimated or known future new hotel supply. The estimated proceeds from disposition are judgmentally determined based on a combination of anticipated cash flow in the year of disposition, terminal capitalization rate, ration of selling price to gross hotel revenues and selling price per room.
If actual conditions differ from those in our assumptions, the actual results of each assets future operations and fair market value could be significantly different from the estimated results and value used in our analysis.
Revenue Recognition
Hotel revenues including room, food, beverage and other hotel revenues are recognized as the related services are delivered. Ongoing credit evaluations are performed and an allowance for potential credit losses is provided against the portion of accounts receivable that is estimated to be uncollectible.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations, which requires all business combinations be accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, and SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, which changes the accounting for goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives from an amortization approach to an impairment-only approach. The adoption of SFAS No. 141 and No. 142 on January 1, 2002 did not have an effect on the Companys financial statements.
In August 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. The provisions of SFAS No. 144 are effective as of January 1, 2002. SFAS No. 144 supersedes SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of. SFAS No. 144 also established a single accounting model for long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale. The statement did not have a material effect on financial condition or results of operations for 2002.
In April 2002, the FASB issued Statement No. 145, Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44 and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections. Included in SFAS No. 145 is a requirement that all gains and losses related to extinguishments of debt other than extinguishments of debt items meeting the criteria in APB Opinion No. 30, Reporting the Results of Operations Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transaction (APB Opinion 30) not be treated as extraordinary items. Any gains or losses on extinguishments of debt formerly classified as extraordinary and not meeting the criteria for extraordinary classifications as defined in APB Opinion 30 shall be reclassified. The Company has elected to early adopt Statement No. 145, which results in the classification of the expense resulting from early extinguishment of mortgage loans payable in the amounts of $13,000 and $716,000 in the years ended December 31, 2002, and 2001, respectively
87
In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantors Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others, which addresses the disclosure to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under guarantees. Interpretation No. 45 also requires the recognition of a liability by a guarantor at the inception of certain guarantees. Interpretation No. 45 requires the guarantor to recognize a liability for the non-contingent component of the guarantee, this is the obligation to stand ready to perform in the event that specified triggering events or conditions occur. The initial measurement of this liability is the fair value of the guarantee at inception. The recognition of the liability is required even if it is not probable that payments will be required under the guarantee or if the guarantee was issued with a premium payment or as part of a transaction with multiple elements. To date, the Company has not entered into any guarantees and will apply the recognition and measurement provisions for all guarantees entered into after January 1, 2003.
In December 2002, the FASB issued Statement No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123. Statement No. 148 amends FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, Statement No. 148 amends the disclosure requirements of Statement No. 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. In addition, to address concerns raised by some constituents about the lack of comparability caused by multiple transition methods, Statement No. 148 does not permit the use of the Statement No. 123 prospective method of transition for changes to the fair value based method made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2003.
On April 22, 2003, the FASB reached a decision to require all companies to expense the value of employee stock options. The FASB is committed to work with the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in order to achieve maximum convergence on stock based compensation accounting. This will affect the timing of the FASBs project on accounting for stock based compensation. The FASB plans to issue an exposure draft later this year that could become effective in 2004. Until then, the provisions of SFAS 123 remain in effect. To date, the Company has no stock-based compensation subject to Statement No. 123. After December 31, 2002, the Company intends to use the intrinsic value method provided by Statement No. 123.
In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, which addresses consolidation by business enterprises of variable interest entities. In general, a variable interest entity is a corporate, partnership, trust, or any other legal structure used for business purposes that either (a) does not have equity investors with voting rights or (b) has equity investors that do not provide sufficient financial resources for the entity to support its activities. A variable interest entity often holds financial assets, including loans or receivables, real estate or other property. A variable interest entity may be essentially passive or it may engage in research and development or other activities on behalf of another company. The objective of Interpretation No. 46 is not to restrict the use of variable interest entities but to improve financial reporting by companies involved with variable interest entities. Until now, a company generally has included another entity in its consolidated financial statements only if it controlled the entity through voting interests. Interpretation No. 46 changes that by requiring a variable interest entity to be consolidated by a company if that company is subject to a majority of the risk of loss from the variable interest entitys activities or is entitled to receive a majority of the entitys residual returns of both. The consolidation requirements of Interpretation No. 46 apply immediately to variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003. The consolidation requirements apply to older entities in the first fiscal year or interim period beginning after June 15, 2003. Certain of the disclosure requirements apply in all financial statements issued after January 31, 2003, regardless of when the variable interest entity was established. Adoption is not expected to have a material effect on the Companys financial condition of results of operation.
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Commitments
The following table outlines the timing of payment requirements related to our commitments as of June 30, 2003:
Maturities due by Period (in thousands)
Less than | After | |||||||||||||||||||
1 Year | 2-3 Years | 4-5 Years | 5 Years | Total | ||||||||||||||||
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Mortgage Notes Payable
1
|
$ | 66,096 | $ | 360 | $ | 15,640 | $ | 0 | $ | 82,096 | ||||||||||
Capital Leases Payable
|
$ | 151 | $ | 275 | $ | 103 | $ | 0 | $ | 529 |
(1) | Represents mortgage indebtedness outstanding at June 30, 2003. In connection with the consummation of the formation transactions we will prepay all mortgage indebtedness other than that maturing in years four to five. |
Financial Instruments Sensitivity Analysis
The analysis below presents the sensitivity of the market value of our financial instruments to selected changes in market interest rates. All derivative instruments are entered into for hedging purposes.
As of June 30, 2003, our debt included a $39 million fixed rate mortgage with an interest rate of 8.4% and $43.1 million in floating rate mortgages (bearing interest at LIBOR plus 350 basis points or in certain circumstances, the greater of 550 basis points or LIBOR plus 350 basis points). In January 2001 and February 2001, we entered into interest rate cap agreements to limit the impact of interest rate changes on our variable rate debt. One of these agreements has a notional amount (the stated amount in the interest rate cap agreement on which the interest payments are based) of $9.3 million which effectively caps LIBOR at 8.75% through maturity at November 30, 2003 and the other has a notional amount of $18 million which effectively caps LIBOR at 7.5% through maturity at January 31, 2004. The impact of the interest rate cap is recorded as a component of interest expense.
Changes in market interest rates have different impacts on the fixed and variable portions of our debt. A change in market interest rates on the fixed portion of our debt impacts the fair value of the debt, but has no impact on interest incurred or cash flows. A change in market interest rates on the variable portion of our debt impacts the interest incurred and cash flows, but does not impact the fair value of the debt. The sensitivity analysis related to our fixed debt assumes an immediate 100 basis point move in interest rates from their factual June 30, 2003 levels, with all other variables held constant. A 100 point increase in market interest rates would result in a decrease in the fair value of our fixed rate debt by $370,848 at June 30, 2003. A 100 point decrease in market interest rates would result in an increase in the fair market value of our fixed rate debt by $374,807 at June 30, 2003. Based on our floating-rate debt outstanding as of June 30, 2003, a 100 point increase in interest rates would result in an additional $430,961 in interest expense on an annualized basis as of June 30, 2003. A 100 basis point decrease would reduce interest expense by $430,961 on an annualized basis as of June 30, 2003.
Cash Distribution Policy
We will elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code commencing as of our taxable year ending December 31, 2003. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including the requirement that we distribute currently at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income to our stockholders. It is our intention to comply with these requirements and maintain our REIT status. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to corporate federal, state or local income taxes on taxable income we distribute currently (in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code and applicable regulations) to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal, state and local income taxes at regular corporate rates and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for subsequent tax years. Even if we qualify for federal taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes on our income and to federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed
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It is our intention to pay to our stockholders within the time periods prescribed by the Internal Revenue Code no less than 90% of our annual taxable income, including gains from the sale of real estate and recognized gains on sale of securities. It will continue to be our policy to make sufficient cash distributions to stockholders in order for us to maintain our REIT status under the Internal Revenue Code.
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MANAGEMENT
Directors and Executive Officers
Initially, the board of directors will consist of seven members, five of whom are independent directors as described below under Corporate Governance Board of Directors and Committees. All of the directors will serve one year terms, expiring at the first annual meeting of stockholders (2004). The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers and directors and those persons who have agreed to become directors immediately after consummation of this offering:
Name | Age | Position | ||||
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Archie Bennett, Jr.
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65 | Chairman of the Board of Directors | ||||
Montgomery J. Bennett
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37 | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||||
Douglas A. Kessler
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42 | Chief Operating Officer | ||||
David A. Brooks
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44 | Chief Legal Officer and Secretary | ||||
David J. Kimichik
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43 | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ||||
Mark L. Nunneley
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45 | Chief Accounting Officer | ||||
Martin L. Edelman*
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60 | Director | ||||
W.D. Minami*
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46 | Director | ||||
W. Michael Murphy*
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57 | Director | ||||
Philip S. Payne*
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52 | Director | ||||
Charles P. Toppino*
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44 | Director |
* | These five individuals have agreed to become directors upon completion of this offering, and are considered to be independent directors. |
Archie Bennett, Jr. will serve as the Chairman of our board of directors. Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr. is the father of Mr. Montgomery J. Bennett, who will serve as our President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr. served as the Chairman of the board of directors of Remington Hotel Corporation since its formation in 1992. He will continue to serve in this capacity after the consummation of the offering. Mr. Bennett started in the hotel industry in 1968 with the development and management of the Holiday Inn in Galveston, Texas. Since that time, he has been involved with hundreds of hotel properties, the value of which exceeds $1 billion. He is a frequent speaker at industry conferences and is a recognized authority on the subjects of hotel development, acquisitions, sales, and management. He has been featured in national business and industry publications including National Real Estate Investor, Hotel/ Motel Management, Lodging Hospitality and Commercial Real Estate News . Mr. Bennett was a founding member of Industry Real Estate Finance Advisory Council (IREFAC) of the American Hotel & Motel Association and served as its chairman on two separate occasions.
Montgomery J. Bennett will serve as our President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Bennett is the son of Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr. Mr. Montgomery Bennett also will continue to serve as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Remington Hotel Corporation. Mr. Bennett joined Remington Hotel Corporation in 1992 and has served as its President since 1997. He has served in several key positions at Remington Hotel Corporation such as Executive Vice President, Director of Information Systems, General Manager, and Operations Director. He is extensively involved in the hotel industry, serving on the Urban Land Institutes Hotel Council, Hilton Hotel Corporations Embassy Suites Franchise Advisory Council, Radisson Franchise Advisory Board, and the American Hotel & Lodging Associations Industry Real Estate Finance Advisory Council (IREFAC). Mr. Bennett earned his Masters degree in Business Administration from the Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University in 1989 and his Bachelor of Science degree with distinction from the School of Hotel Administration in 1988. He is a life member of the Cornell Hotel Society.
Douglas A. Kessler will serve as our Chief Operating Officer and Head of Acquisitions. Since July of 2002, Mr. Kessler served as the managing director/ chief investment officer of Remington Hotel
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David A. Brooks will serve as our Chief Legal Officer and Head of Transactions. He has served as Executive Vice President and General Counsel for Remington Hotel Corporation and Ashford Financial Corporation since January of 1992. In such capacity, Mr. Brooks has been responsible for the management and oversight of the asset management department, the acquisition group, financing, development and the legal affairs of the companies. Prior to joining Remington Hotel Corporation, Mr. Brooks served as a partner with the law firm of Sheinfeld, Maley & Kay. Mr. Brooks earned his Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from the University of North Texas in 1981, his Juris Doctorate from the University of Houston in 1984 and his CPA from the State of Texas in 1984.
David J. Kimichik will serve as our Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Kimichik has been associated with the Remington Hotel Corporation principals for the past 20 years and has been President of Ashford Financial Corporation since 1992. Mr. Kimichik previously served as Executive Vice President of Mariner Hotel Corporation, an affiliate of Remington Hotel Corporation, in which capacity he administered all corporate activities, including business development, financial management and operations. Since his involvement with Ashford Financial Corporation, Mr. Kimichik has played an integral role in the acquisition of 160 hotel assets and mortgage loans secured by hotel assets with book values in excess of $800 million. Mr. Kimichik earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Hotel Administration from Cornell University in 1982.
Mark L. Nunneley will serve as our Chief Accounting Officer. Since 1992, Mr. Nunneley has served as Chief Financial Officer of Remington Hotel Corporation. He previously served as a tax consultant at Arthur Andersen & Company and as a tax manager at Deloitte & Touche. During his career, he has been responsible for the preparation, consultation and review of federal and state income tax, franchise and sales and use tax returns for hundreds of partnerships, corporations and individuals. Mr. Nunneley is a certified public accountant and is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Texas Society of CPAs and Dallas Chapter of AICPAs. He earned his Master of Science in Accounting from the University of Houston in 1981 and his Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from Pepperdine University in 1979.
Martin L. Edelman has agreed to serve as a director immediately after consummation of this offering. Since 2000, Mr. Edelman has served as of counsel to Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP, specializing primarily in real estate and corporate transactions. From 1972 to 2000, Mr. Edelman served as a partner at Battle Fowler LLP. The focus of Mr. Edelmans practice has been complex negotiations involving acquisitions, dispositions and financing. He was involved in the legal development of participating mortgages, institutional joint ventures in real estate and joint ventures between U.S. financial sources and European real estate companies and other financial structures. Mr. Edelman has been a real estate advisor to Quantum Realty Partners/ Soros Real Estate Partners and is one of the managing partners of GSR Hotel Portfolio and Grupo Chartwell de Mexico, privately-owned hotel companies. He is a director of Cendant Incorporated, Arcadia Realty, and Capital Trust. Mr. Edelman earned his B.A. from Princeton University in 1963 and his law degree from Columbia University School of Law in 1966. Mr. Edelman served as an Officer in the United States Army from 1966 through 1969.
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W.D. Minami has agreed to serve as a director immediately after consummation of this offering. Mr. Minami is currently pursuing private investment opportunities. From 2001 until 2002, Mr. Minami served as President of Charles E. Smith Residential. In this capacity, Mr. Minami was responsible for the development, construction, acquisition and property management of over 22,000 high-rise apartments in five major U.S. markets. He resigned from this position after completing the transition and integration of Charles E. Smith from an independent public company to a division of Archstone-Smith, a NYSE-listed apartment company. From 1997 to 2001, Mr. Minami worked for Charles E. Smith Residential Realty Inc., a NYSE-listed real estate investment trust, initially as Chief Financial Officer, then as Chief Operating Officer, and beginning in 2001, as President. Prior to 1997, Mr. Minami served in various financial service capacities for numerous entities, including Ascent Entertainment Group, Comsat Corporation, Oxford Realty Services Corporation and Satellite Business Systems. Mr. Minami earned his Masters of Business Administration in Finance from the University of Chicago in 1980 and his Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics, with honors, from Grinnell College in 1978.
W. Michael Murphy has agreed to serve as a director immediately after consummation of this offering. Mr. Murphy is currently performing advisory services for various hospitality companies. From 1998 to 2002 Mr. Murphy served as the Senior Vice President and Chief Development Officer of ResortQuest International, Inc., a public, NYSE-listed company and the leading provider of resort rental management services with offerings in over 40 leisure locations. At ResortQuest, Mr. Murphy was responsible for merger and acquisition activity. Prior to joining ResortQuest, from 1995 to 1997, Mr. Murphy was President of Footprints International, a company involved in the planning and development of environmentally friendly hotel properties. From 1994 to 1996, he was a Senior Managing Director of Geller & Co., a Chicago-based hotel advisory and asset management firm. Mr. Murphy earned his Bachelor of Science degree in English and Philosophy in 1967 from Memphis State University and earned a Masters of Science in English in 1969 from University of Iowa. Mr. Murphy has twice been Co- Chairman of the Industry Real Estate Finance Advisory Council (IREFAC) of the American Hotel and Lodging Association.
Philip S. Payne has agreed to serve as a director immediately after consummation of this offering. Mr. Payne is currently director, executive vice president, treasurer and chief financial officer of BNP Residential Properties, Inc., an AMEX-listed real estate investment trust. Mr. Payne joined BT Venture Corporation, which was subsequently purchased by BNP Residential Properties, Inc., in 1990 as Vice President of Capital Market Activities and became Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in January 1993. He was named Treasurer in April 1995 and a director in December 1997. From 1987 to 1990 he was a principal in Payne Knowles Investment Group, a financial planning firm. From 1983 to 1987 he was a registered representative with Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated. From 1978 to 1983, Mr. Payne practiced law, and he currently maintains his license to practice law in Virginia. He received a B.S. degree from the College of William and Mary in 1973 and a J.D. degree in 1978 from the same institution. Mr. Payne serves on the board of directors of the National Multi Housing Council, is a member of the Urban Land Institute.
Charles P. Toppino has agreed to serve as a director immediately after consummation of this offering. Since 1992, Mr. Toppino has served as the Executive Vice President, founder and principal of Secured Capital Corp., a real estate investment bank with offices in Los Angeles, New York, Paris and Tokyo. Secured Capital has two main lines of business: U.S. investment banking and sales and international real estate investment activities. Mr. Toppinos primary responsibilities include overseeing the firms secondary market loan sale business and the day-to-day management of the firm. In the U.S., Secured Capital specializes in the sale and financing of commercial, multi-family and hospitality real estate, and the sale of mortgage assets and the private placement of capital for real estate operating companies.
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Corporate Governance Board of Directors and Committees
Our business is managed through the oversight and direction of our board of directors. At least a majority of our board of directors will be independent, with independence being defined in the manner established by our board of directors and in a manner consistent with listing standards established by the New York Stock Exchange, and will be nominated by our nominating/ corporate governance committee. These nominations must be submitted to and approved by our corporate governance/ nominating committee, and satisfy the standards established by that committee for membership on our board.
Upon completion of this offering, our board will consist of seven directors, with two insiders and five independent directors. The directors are regularly kept informed about our business at meetings of the board and its committees and through supplemental reports and communications. Our non-management, independent directors expect to meet regularly in executive sessions without the presence of any corporate officers. Our board seeks to maintain high corporate governance standards.
The board has established three committees whose principal functions are briefly described below.
Audit Committee
Our board of directors has established an audit committee, which will be composed of three independent directors, Messrs. Payne, Minami and Murphy. Mr. Payne will serve as the chairperson of the audit committee and, along with Mr. Minami, will satisfy the financial expert requirements set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The audit committee assists the board in overseeing (i) our accounting and financial reporting processes; (ii) the integrity and audits of our financial statements; (iii) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (iv) the qualifications and independence of our independent auditors; and (v) the performance of our internal and independent auditors. The audit committee also:
| has sole authority to appoint or replace our independent auditors; | |
| has sole authority to approve in advance all audit and non-audit engagement fees, scope and terms with our independent auditors; | |
| monitors compliance of our employees with our standards of business conduct and conflict of interest policies; and | |
| meets at least quarterly with our senior executive officers, internal audit staff and our independent auditors in separate executive sessions. |
The specific functions and responsibilities of the audit committee are set forth in the audit committee charter. Our board of directors has determined that at least one member of our audit committee will qualify as an audit committee financial expert under the current Securities and Exchange Commission regulations and the other members of our audit committee will satisfy the financial literacy requirements for audit committee members under the New York Stock Exchange proposed rules.
Compensation Committee
Our board of directors has established a compensation committee, which will be composed of three independent directors, Messrs. Murphy, Payne and Toppino. Mr. Murphy will serve as the chairperson of the compensation committee. The principal functions of the compensation committee are to:
| evaluate the performance of our senior executives; | |
| review and approve the senior executive compensation plans, policies and programs; | |
| consider the design and competitiveness of our compensation plans; | |
| administer and implement changes to our stock plan under the terms of the plans; and | |
| produce an annual report on executive compensation for inclusion in our proxy statement. |
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The committee also reviews and approves corporate goals and objectives relevant to chief executive officer compensation, evaluates the chief executive officers performance in light of those goals and objectives, and establishes the chief executive officers compensation levels based on its evaluation. The committee has the authority to retain and terminate any compensation consultant to be used to assist in the evaluation of chief executive officer or senior executive compensation.
Nominating/ Corporate Governance Committee
Our board of directors has established a nominating/ corporate governance committee, which will be composed of two independent directors, Messrs. Edelman and Murphy. Mr. Edelman will serve as the chairperson of the nominating/ corporate governance committee. The nominating/ corporate governance committee is responsible for seeking, considering and recommending to the board qualified candidates for election as directors and recommending a slate of nominees for election as directors at the annual meeting. It also periodically prepares and submits to the board for adoption the committees selection criteria for director nominees. It reviews and makes recommendations on matters involving general operation of the board and our corporate governance, and it annually recommends to the board nominees for each committee of the board. In addition, the committee annually facilitates the assessment of the board of directors performance as a whole and of the individual directors and reports thereon to the board. The committee has the sole authority to retain and terminate any search firm to be used to identify director candidates. Stockholders wishing to recommend director candidates for consideration by the committee can do so by writing to our secretary at our corporate headquarters in Dallas, Texas, giving the candidates name, biographical data and qualifications. The secretary will, in turn, deliver any stockholder recommendations for director candidates prepared in accordance with our bylaws to the nominating/ corporate governance committee. Any such recommendation must be accompanied by a written statement from the individual of his or her consent to be named as a candidate and, if nominated and elected, to serve as director.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The members of the compensation committee of the board of directors will be independent directors. Upon completion of this offering, none of these directors, or any of our executive officers will serve as a member of a board of directors or any compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board.
Director Compensation
Each of our independent directors who does not serve as the chairman of one of our committees will be paid a directors fee of $20,000 per year. Each director who serves as a committee chairman, other than our audit committee chairman, will be paid a directors fee of $25,000. The director who serves as our audit committee chairman will be paid a directors fee of $35,000 per year. Each director will also be paid of fee of $2,000 for each board or committee meeting that he or she attends, except that the chairman of each committee will be paid a fee of $3,000 for each committee meeting that he or she attends. Each director will also be paid a fee of $500 for each telephone board or committee meeting that he or she attends. In addition, we will reimburse all directors for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with their services on the board of directors.
Our 2003 stock plan provides for grants of restricted stock to independent directors on and after the consummation of this offering. As an inducement to the directors to agree to serve on our board, on the date of the closing of the offering, each of our independent directors will receive restricted stock grants of 5,000 shares of our common stock, which shares will fully vest 180 days from the date of issuance. Similarly, each independent director who is initially elected to our board of directors after this offering will receive restricted stock grants of 5,000 shares of our common stock on the date of such initial election. These restricted stock grants will be fully vested immediately.
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On the date of the first meeting of the board of directors following each annual meeting of stockholders at which an independent director is reelected to our board of directors, such independent director will receive additional restricted stock grants of 2,000 shares of our common stock. These restricted stock grants will be fully vested immediately.
Executive Compensation
Set forth below are the initial annual cash compensation and restricted stock grants to be paid to our Chairman of the Board and our four other most highly compensated executive officers:
Long-Term | ||||||||||||
Annual Compensation (1) | Compensation | |||||||||||
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Restricted Stock | ||||||||||||
Name and Position | Salary | Bonus | Granted (2) | |||||||||
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Archie Bennett, Jr., Chairman
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$ | 200,000 | (3) | $ | 0 | $ | 2,988,850 | |||||
Montgomery Bennett, President and
Chief Executive Officer |
425,000 | 318,750 | (3) | 2,988,850 | ||||||||
Douglas Kessler, Chief Operating Officer
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300,000 | 150,000 | (4) | 1,422,000 | ||||||||
David Brooks, Chief Legal Officer
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260,000 | 78,000 | (5) | 516,000 | ||||||||
David Kimichik, Chief Financial Officer
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260,000 | 78,000 | (6) | 969,000 |
(1) | Amounts given are annualized projections for the year ending December 31, 2003 based on employment agreements which will become effective upon consummation of this offering. |
(2) | Shares of restricted common stock will be issued upon the consummation of this offering and will vest 1/3 annually beginning with the first anniversary of the consummation of this offering. The actual number of shares of restricted common stock issued to executives and employees will be equal, in the aggregate, to 2.25% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, excluding the 93,149 shares issued to underwriters. |
(3) | The amount paid to Mr. Archie Bennett represents a directors fee and, at the discretion of the compensation committee, $25,000 of such amount may be paid to Mr. Bennett in the form of shares of common stock. |
(4) | Mr. Montgomery Bennett is eligible for an additional bonus of up to $212,500 at the discretion of our board. |
(5) | Mr. Kessler is eligible for an additional bonus of up to $150,000 at the discretion of our board. |
(6) | Mr. Brooks is eligible for an additional bonus of up to $156,000 at the discretion of our board. |
(7) | Mr. Kimichik is eligible for an additional bonus of up to $156,000 at the discretion of our board. |
Employment Agreements
We will enter into employment agreements, effective as of the consummation of this offering, with each of Messrs. Montgomery Bennett, Kessler, Brooks and Kimichik. The employment agreements provide for Mr. Bennett to serve as our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Kessler to serve as our Chief Operating Officer, Mr. Brooks to serve as our Chief Legal Officer and Secretary and Mr. Kimichik to serve as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. These employment agreements require Messrs. Kessler, Brooks and Kimichik to devote substantially full-time attention and time to our affairs, but also permit them to devote time to their outside business interests consistent with past practice. Mr. Bennetts employment agreement will allow him to continue to act as Chief Executive Officer and President of Remington Hotel and to act as an executive officer of the general partner of Remington Lodging, provided his duties for Remington Hotel and Remington Lodging do not materially interfere with his duties to us.
Each of the employment agreements has an initial term ending December 31, 2006 (December 31, 2007 in the case of Mr. Bennett) and is subject to automatic one-year renewals at the end of the initial term, unless either party provides at least six months notice of non-renewal.
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The employment agreements provide for:
| an annual base salary of $425,000 for Mr. Bennett, $300,000 for Mr. Kessler, $260,000 for Mr. Brooks and $260,000 for Mr. Kimichik, subject to increase in accordance with our normal executive compensation practices; | |
| eligibility for annual cash performance bonuses under our incentive bonus plans; | |
| directors and officers liability insurance coverage; | |
| participation in other incentive, savings and retirement plans applicable generally to our senior executives; and | |
| medical and other group welfare plan coverage and fringe benefits provided to our senior executives. |
Mr. Bennetts annual bonus will range from 75% to 125% of his base salary, and will be at least 75% of his base salary for the first three years of his employment term. Mr. Kesslers annual bonus will range from 50% to 100% of his base salary, and will be at least 50% of his base salary for the first three years of his employment term. Mr. Brooks annual bonus will range from 30% to 90% of his base salary, and will be at least 30% of his base salary for the first three years of his employment term. Mr. Kimichiks annual bonus will range from 30% to 90% of his base salary, and will be at least 30% of his base salary for the first three years of his employment term.
In addition, subject to our adoption and our stockholders approval of our incentive award plan, upon the consummation of this offering:
| Mr. Bennett will be granted 298,885 shares of our common stock (valued at $3.0 million, at the initial public offering price of our common stock); | |
| Mr. Kessler will be granted 142,200 shares of our common stock (valued at $1.4 million, at the initial public offering price of our common stock); | |
| Mr. Brooks will be granted 51,600 shares of our common stock (valued at $516,000, at the initial public offering price of our common stock); and | |
| Mr. Kimichik will be granted 96,900 shares of our common stock (valued at $969,000, at the initial public offering price of our common stock). |
The restricted stock granted to each of our executive officers will vest in equal annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the consummation of this offering. The actual number of shares of restricted stock granted to these four executive officers will be equal, in the aggregate, to 1.4% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, excluding the 93,149 shares issued to the underwriters.
The employment agreements provide that, if an executives employment is terminated by the executive for good reason or after a change of control (each as defined in the applicable employment agreement), or by us without cause during the initial term of his employment agreement, the executive will be entitled to accrued and unpaid salary to the date of such termination and any unpaid incentive bonus from the prior year plus the following severance payments and benefits, subject to his execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims:
| a lump-sum cash payment equal to two times (three times in the case of Mr. Bennett) of the sum of his then-current annual base salary plus average bonus over the prior three years; | |
| pro-rated payment of the incentive bonus; | |
| all restricted stock held by such executive will become fully vested; and | |
| health benefits for one year (18 months in the case of Mr. Bennett) following the executives termination of employment at the same cost to the executive as in effect immediately preceding |
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such termination, subject to reduction to the extent that the executive receives comparable benefits from a subsequent employer. |
If the executive is terminated by us without cause after the initial term of his employment agreement or we do not renew his agreement, then the executive will receive all of the benefits above except that his lump sum cash payment will be equal to one times the sum of his then-current annual base salary plus his average bonus over the prior three years.
In addition, if the severance payment to any executive is deemed to be a golden parachute payment under § 280G of the Internal Revenue Code, then such executive would also be entitled to a tax gross-up payment to cover his excise tax liability under § 280G.
Each employment agreement also provides that the executive or his estate will be entitled to certain severance benefits in the event of his death or disability.
Mr. Bennetts employment agreement also contains standard confidentiality, non-compete and non-solicitation provisions. The confidentiality provisions will apply during the term of the employment agreement and for a period of two years thereafter. The non-compete and non-solicitation provisions will apply during the term of his employment agreement, and if Mr. Bennett resigns without cause, for a period of one year thereafter, or if Mr. Bennett is removed for cause (as defined in his employment agreement), for a period of 18 months thereafter. In the case of Mr. Bennetts resignation without cause, in consideration for his non-compete, Mr. Bennett will receive a cash payment, to be paid in equal monthly installments during the one-year non-compete period, equal to the sum of his then-current annual base salary plus average bonus over the prior three years. Mr. Bennetts non-compete period will terminate if Remington Lodging terminates our exclusivity rights under the mutual exclusivity agreement between Remington Lodging and us.
The other executives employment agreements also contain standard confidentiality, non-compete and non-solicitation provisions. The non-compete and non-solicitation provisions apply during the terms of their employment agreement, and if any of them resigns without cause during the initial three-year term of his agreement, for a period of one year thereafter. In the case of such executives resignation without cause, in consideration for his non-compete, he will receive a cash payment, to be paid in equal monthly installments during the one-year non-compete period, equal to the sum of his then-current annual base salary, plus average bonus over the prior three years. In the event either Mr. Kessler, Mr. Brooks or Mr. Kimichiks employment is terminated for cause (as defined in the respective employment agreement), or he resigns without cause after the initial three-year term of his employment agreement, he will not be subject to a non-compete and will not be entitled to any cash payment other than accrued and unpaid base salary to the date of his separation from us.
Non-Compete Agreement
We will enter into a non-compete agreement, effective as of the consummation of this offering, with Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr. The non-compete agreement provides for Mr. Bennett to serve as our Chairman. The non-compete agreement has an initial term ending December 31, 2006 and is subject to automatic one-year extensions thereafter, in each case, unless either party provides at least six months notice of non-renewal. Mr. Bennetts non-compete agreement will allow him to continue to act as Chairman of Remington Hotel and Remington Lodging provided his duties for Remington Hotel do not materially interfere with his duties to us.
The non-compete agreement provides for:
| an annual directors fee of $200,000, of which $25,000 may be paid in the form of shares of our common stock, at the discretion of our compensation committee; | |
| directors and officers liability insurance coverage; and | |
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| participation in other incentive, savings and retirement plans, in the discretion of our compensation committee. |
In addition, upon the consummation of this offering Mr. Bennett will be granted 298,885 shares of our common stock (valued at $3.0 million, at the initial public offering price of our common stock). The restricted stock granted to Mr. Bennett will vest in equal annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the consummation of this offering. The actual number of shares of restricted stock granted to Mr. Bennett will be equal to 0.71% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, excluding the 93,149 shares issued to the underwriters.
The non-compete agreement provides that, if Mr. Bennett is removed as Chairman without cause or is not re-nominated to serve as Chairman during the initial term of the agreement or terminates his directorship for good reason or after a change of control (defined in the non-compete agreement), Mr. Bennett will be entitled to the following severance payments and benefits, subject to his execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims:
| a lump-sum cash payment equal to two times of the sum of his then-current annual directors fee plus average bonus over the prior three years; | |
| all restricted stock held by him will become fully vested; and | |
| health benefits for 18 months following his leaving the board at the same cost to him as in effect immediately preceding such termination, subject to reduction to the extent that he receives comparable benefits from a subsequent company. | |
If Mr. Bennett is removed as Chairman without cause after the initial term of his non-compete agreement, or if we do not renew his agreement, then Mr. Bennett will receive all of the benefits described above except that his lump sum cash payment will be equal to one times the sum of his then-current annual directors fee plus his average bonus over the prior three years.
In addition, if the severance payment to Mr. Bennett is deemed to be a golden parachute payment under § 280G of the Internal Revenue Code, then Mr. Bennett would also be entitled to a tax gross-up payment to cover his excise tax liability under § 280G.
The non-compete agreement provides that Mr. Bennett or his estate will be entitled to certain severance benefits in the event of his death or disability.
The non-compete agreement also contains standard confidentiality provisions and non-compete and non-solicitation provisions. The confidentiality provisions will apply during the term of the non-compete agreement and for a period of two years thereafter. The non-compete and non-solicitation provisions will apply during the term of the non-compete agreement and for a one year period thereafter if Mr. Bennett resigns without cause or is removed for cause (as defined in his non-compete agreement). In the case of Mr. Bennetts resignation without cause, in consideration for his non-compete, he will receive a cash payment equal to the sum of his then-current annual directors fee plus average bonus over the prior three years. Mr. Bennetts non-compete period will terminate if Remington Lodging terminates our exclusivity rights under the mutual exclusivity agreement between Remington Lodging and us.
The Stock Plan
We have established a stock plan for the purpose of encouraging our employees, non-employee directors and other persons who provide advisory or consulting services to us (i) to acquire or increase their equity interests in our company to give an added incentive to work toward its growth and success, and (ii) to allow us to compete for services of the individuals needed for the growth and success of the company. The stock plan authorizes (i) the purchase of common stock for cash at a purchase price to be
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| nonqualified stock options to purchase common stock; | |
| incentive options to purchase common stock; | |
| unrestricted stock; | |
| restricted stock; | |
| phantom stock; | |
| stock appreciation rights; and | |
| other stock or performance-based awards. | |
As of the date of this prospectus, there were approximately 11 officers, directors and employees of ours eligible to participate in the stock plan.
The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the stock plan may not exceed 5% of the fully-diluted shares of our outstanding common stock as of the date that is 45 days after the consummation of the initial public offering, and no more than 450,000 shares may be granted during any one calendar year to any one participant. In the event that any of the outstanding shares of our common stock are changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of our shares or securities by reason of a merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, stock dividend, combination of shares or the like, the plans share authorization limits and restrictions will be adjusted proportionately, and the compensation committee may adjust awards to preserve the benefits or potential benefits of outstanding awards. If an outstanding award expires or terminates before the end of the period during which awards may be granted, the unissued, underlying shares will be available for other awards under the stock plan.
The stock plan shall be administered by the compensation committee of our board of directors. With respect to any grant or award to any individual covered by Section 162(m) of the U.S. tax code which is intended to be performance-based compensation, the compensation committee will consist solely of two or more outside directors as described in such Section 162(m) of the U.S. tax code.
The compensation committee will select the participants who are granted any award, and employees, non-employee directors and other persons who provide advisory or consulting services to us are eligible, except that only employees are eligible to receive an award of an incentive stock option.
Under Section 162(m) of the U.S. tax code, a public company may not deduct compensation in excess of $1 million paid to any of its chief executive officer and the four next most highly paid executive officers. The stock plan is designed so that awards may comply with the performance-based compensation exception to Section 162(m). The grant of awards that are conditioned on the performance goals described in the stock plan will be excluded from the calculation of annual compensation for purposes of Section 162(m) and will be fully deductible.
The compensation committee may condition any award upon the achievement of any one or more performance goals established solely on the basis of one or more of the following business criteria:
| operating income; | |
| return on net assets; | |
| return on assets; | |
| return on investment; | |
| return on equity; | |
| pretax earnings; | |
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| pretax earnings before interest, depreciation, and amortization; | |
| pretax operating earnings after interest expense and before incentives, service fees, and extraordinary or special items; | |
| total stockholder return; | |
| earnings per share; | |
| increase in revenues; | |
| increase in cash flow; | |
| increase in cash flow return; | |
| economic value added; | |
| gross margin; | |
| net income; | |
| debt reduction; or | |
| any of the above goals determined on an absolute or relative basis or as compared to the performance of a published or special index. | |
After the end of the performance period (which shall not be less than one or more than three years), the compensation committee may not increase any performance award designed to comply with Section 162(m) of the U.S. tax code. If an award is made on such basis, the compensation committee must establish goals not later than 90 days after the beginning of the period for which such performance goal relates. Any payment of an award based upon performance goals will be conditioned on the written certification of the compensation committee in each case that the performance goals and any other material conditions were satisfied.
The stock plan provides for the grant of (i) options intended to qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the U.S. tax code and (ii) options that are not intended to so qualify. The principal difference between incentive stock options and other options is that a participant generally will not recognize ordinary income at the time an incentive stock option is granted or exercised, but rather at the time the participant disposes of the shares acquired under the incentive stock option. In contrast, the exercise of an option that is not an incentive stock option generally is a taxable event that requires the participant to recognize ordinary income equal to the difference between the shares fair market value and the option price. The employer will not be entitled to a federal income tax deduction with respect to incentive stock options except in the case of certain dispositions of shares acquired under the options. The employer may claim a federal income tax deduction on account of the exercise of an option that is not an incentive stock option equal to the amount of ordinary income recognized by the participant. Options may be exercised in accordance with requirements set by the compensation committee. The maximum period in which an option may be exercised will be fixed by the compensation committee but cannot exceed 10 years. Options generally will be nontransferable except in the event of the participants death, but the compensation committee may allow the transfer of options to members of the participants immediate family, a family trust or a family partnership.
Consistent with the terms of the stock plan, the compensation committee will prescribe the terms of each award of any incentive stock option. No participant may be granted incentive stock options that are first exercisable in a calendar year for shares of common stock having a total fair market value (determined as of the option grant), exceeding $100,000. The exercise price for each incentive stock option cannot be less than each such option shares fair market value on the date the incentive stock option is granted; provided that a grant of an incentive stock option to any employee who is a ten percent (10%) stockholder shall have an exercise price of not less than 110% of the such incentive stock option shares fair market value on the date the incentive stock option is granted. No reload stock option (the right to receive a new option to purchase a share upon the exercise and payment of the exercise price for
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Consistent with the terms of the stock plan, the compensation committee will prescribe the terms of each award of a nonqualified option. The option price for each nonqualified option cannot be less than each such option shares fair market value on the date the nonqualified option is granted. The option price may be paid in cash or, with the compensation committees consent, by surrendering common stock, a combination of cash and common stock or in installments.
Unless the compensation committee provides otherwise, all grants of restricted stock will be subject to vesting, meaning that we will have the right to repurchase the stock for the amount paid, if any, by the participant. Unless the compensation committee provides otherwise, this repurchase right will lapse ( i.e. , the shares will vest) with respect to one-third of the restricted stock on the first anniversary of the date of grant and on each of the following two anniversaries of the date of grant, provided the participant remains in our service as an employee, director or consultant. Any unvested shares will vest if we terminate the participants service without cause, or the participant terminates his or her service with us for good reason. In addition, any unvested shares will vest if the participants service is terminated for any reason within one year of a change in control or due to death or disability of the participant.
A stock appreciation right will be exercisable at such times and subject to such conditions as may be established by the compensation committee. The amount payable upon the exercise of a stock appreciation right may be settled in cash, by the issuance of common stock or a combination of cash and common stock.
Consistent with the terms of the stock plan, the compensation committee will establish the terms of awards of bonus stock, phantom stock, options, stock appreciation rights and other stock or performance-based awards. These awards may also be subject to vesting requirements as determined by the compensation committee, which may include completion of a period of service or attainment of performance objectives. Awards may also vest upon termination without cause or by the participant with good reason, termination in connection with a change in control, death, disability or such other events as the compensation committee shall determine.
The board of directors may amend or terminate the stock plan at any time, but an amendment will not become effective without the approval of our stockholders if it increases the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the stock plan (other than changes to reflect certain corporate transactions and changes in capitalization) or otherwise materially revises the terms of the stock plan. No amendment or termination of the stock plan will affect a participants rights under outstanding awards without the participants consent. If not sooner terminated as described above, the stock plan will terminate on the third anniversary of the date of approval by our shareholders, and no new awards may be granted after the termination date. Awards made before the plans termination will continue in accordance with their terms.
Restricted Stock Grants
On the effective date of this offering, 931,500 shares of restricted stock will be granted to our executive officers (Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, Kessler, Brooks and Kimichik) as described under Executive Compensation, to our Chief Accounting Officer and to other employees at the discretion of our board as described under The Stock Plan. The actual number of shares of restricted stock to be granted to executive officers and employees will depend upon the number of shares of common stock we sell in this offering and will equal, in the aggregate, 2.25% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after the completion of this offering (including the exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option, but excluding the 93,149 shares of common stock to be issued to the underwriters as compensation). As a result, the number of shares of restricted stock issued to our executive officers and employees may be increased or decreased on a pro rata basis to reflect 2.25% of the actual fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after this offering.
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POLICIES AND OBJECTIVES WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN ACTIVITIES
The following is a discussion of our policies with respect to certain activities, including financing matters and conflicts of interest. These policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our board of directors, without a vote of our stockholders. Any change to any of these policies by our board of directors, however, would be made only after a review and analysis of that change, in light of then-existing business and other circumstances, and then only if, in the exercise of its business judgment, our board of directors believes that it is advisable to do so in our and our stockholders best interests.
Disposition Policy
Although we have no current plans to dispose of properties or other assets within our portfolio, we will evaluate our asset portfolio on a regular basis to determine if it continues to satisfy our investment criteria. Subject to certain restrictions applicable to REITs, we may sell investments opportunistically and use the proceeds of any such sale for debt reduction or additional acquisitions. We will utilize several criteria to determine the long-term potential of our investments. Investments will be identified for sale based upon managements forecast of the strength of the related cash flows as well as their value to our overall portfolio. Our decision to sell an investment often will be predicated upon the projected cash flow, size of the hotel, strength of the franchise, property condition and related costs to renovate the property, strength of market demand, projected supply of hotel rooms in the market, probability of increased valuation and geographic profile of the hotel. We may also acquire and sell other lodging-related assets opportunistically based upon managements forecast and review of the performance of our overall portfolio and managements assessment of changing conditions in the investment and capital markets. See Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT Our disposal of properties may have negative implications, including unfavorable tax consequences.
Financing Policies
Initially, we will have only $16.0 million of outstanding mortgage debt and approximately $254.1 million in cash available to invest in lodging-related assets and for general corporate purposes. We intend to use our borrowing power to leverage future investments; however, we do not intend to exceed 60% leverage on our investments, on a gross assets basis. When evaluating our future level of indebtedness and when making decisions regarding the incurrence of indebtedness, our board of directors will consider a number of factors, including:
| the purchase price of our investments to be acquired with debt financing; | |
| the estimated market value of our investments upon refinancing; and | |
| the ability of particular investments, and our company as a whole, to generate cash flow to cover expected debt service. |
We may incur debt in the form of purchase money obligations to the sellers of properties, or in the form of publicly or privately placed debt instruments or financing from banks, institutional investors, or other lenders. Any such indebtedness may be unsecured or may be secured by mortgages or other interests in our properties or mortgage loans. This indebtedness may be recourse, non-recourse or cross-collateralized and, if recourse, that recourse may include our general assets and, if non-recourse, may be limited to the particular investment to which the indebtedness relates. In addition, we may invest in properties or loans subject to existing loans secured by mortgages or similar liens on the properties, or may
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| purchase additional interests in partnerships or joint ventures in which we participate; | |
| refinance existing indebtedness; | |
| finance the origination or purchase of mortgage investments; or | |
| finance acquisitions, expansion or redevelopment of existing properties or development of new properties. |
We may also incur indebtedness for other purposes when, in the opinion of our board of directors, it is advisable to do so. In addition, we may need to borrow to meet the taxable income distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code if we do not have sufficient cash available to meet those distribution requirements.
Equity Capital Policies
Subject to applicable law and the requirements for listed companies on the New York Stock Exchange, our board of directors has the authority, without further stockholder approval, to issue additional authorized common stock and preferred stock or otherwise raise capital, including through the issuance of senior securities, in any manner and on the terms and for the consideration it deems appropriate, including in exchange for property. Existing stockholders will have no preemptive right to additional shares issued in any offering, and any offering might cause a dilution of investment. See Description of Capital Stock. We may in the future issue common stock in connection with acquisitions. We also may issue units of partnership interest in our operating partnership in connection with acquisitions of property.
We may, under certain circumstances, purchase common stock in the open market or in private transactions with our stockholders, if those purchases are approved by our board of directors. Our board of directors has no present intention of causing us to repurchase any shares, and any action would only be taken in conformity with applicable federal and state laws and the applicable requirements for qualifying as a REIT, for so long as the board of directors concludes that we should remain a REIT.
In the future we may institute a dividend reinvestment plan, or DRIP, and a related stock purchase plan which would allow our stockholders to acquire additional common stock by automatically reinvesting their cash dividends. Shares would be acquired pursuant to the plan at a price equal to the then prevailing market price, without payment of brokerage commissions or service charges. Stockholders who do not participate in the plan will continue to receive cash dividends as declared.
Conflict of Interest Policy
We will be subject to certain conflicts of interest resulting from our relationship with Remington Hotel, Remington Lodging and Ashford Financial, all of which are ultimately owned by Archie Bennett, Jr., our Chairman, and his son, Montgomery Bennett, our President and Chief Executive Officer. In addition to their ownership interest, Archie Bennett, Jr., will be the chairman of Remington Hotels board of directors and Montgomery Bennett will be its President, Chief Executive Officer and director. We intend to enter into numerous transactions with Remington Hotel, Remington Lodging, and Ashford Financial, including the following:
| We will engage Remington Lodging as the property manager for all of our initial hotel properties. Subject to our right to hire a third-party manager upon unanimous election of our independent directors, we will also engage Remington Lodging as the property manager for any future hotel properties that we may acquire. |
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| Subject to certain limited exceptions, we will have the right of first refusal to purchase any investments identified by Remington Hotel that satisfy our investment criteria. | |
| Subject to our right to hire a third-party manager upon unanimous election of our independent directors, we will hire Remington Hotel, on a fee basis, for any future development of new properties and for providing project management and other services. | |
| Remington Hotel Corporation may from time to time provide other services on the hotels it manages for a fee, subject to the determination by a majority of our independent directors that the fees charged by Remington Hotel Corporation are not comparable to then-current market rates for such services. | |
| Ashford Financial will assign to us eight asset management and consulting agreements, pursuant to which we will provide asset management and consulting services to hotels under management contracts with management companies owned by Remington Hotel or Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett also own minority interests in the hotels receiving the asset management and consulting services. |
Please refer to the more detailed description of our agreements with Remington Hotel, Remington Lodging and Ashford Financial contained in Business and Properties Our Asset Management and Consulting Agreements, Management Agreement and Mutual Exclusivity Agreement. Please also see Risk Factors Conflict of Interests Risks.
Because we could be subject to various conflicts of interest arising from our relationship with Remington Hotel and other parties, to mitigate any potential conflicts of interest, our charter contains a requirement that any transaction or agreement involving us, our wholly-owned subsidiaries or our operating partnership and a director or officer or an affiliate of any director or officer will require the approval of a majority of the disinterested directors. Additionally, our board of directors has adopted a policy that requires all management decisions related to the management agreement with Remington Lodging and all decisions with respect to enforcement of the contribution or sale agreements related to the initial properties to be approved by a majority of the independent directors, except as specifically provided otherwise in the management agreement.
The Maryland General Corporate Law, or MGCL, provides that a contract or other transaction between a corporation and any of that corporations directors and any other entity in which that director is also a director or has a material financial interest is not void or voidable solely on the grounds of the common directorship or interest, the fact that the director was present at the meeting at which the contract or transaction is approved or the fact that the directors vote was counted in favor of the contract or transaction, if:
| the fact of the common directorship or interest is disclosed to the board or a committee of the board, and the board or that committee authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested directors, even if the disinterested directors constitute less than a quorum; | |
| the fact of the common directorship or interest is disclosed to stockholders entitled to vote on the contract or transaction, and the contract or transaction is approved by a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the matter, other than votes of shares owned of record or beneficially by the interested director, corporation, firm or other entity; or | |
| the contract or transaction is fair and reasonable to the corporation. |
We cannot assure you that our rights under the mutual exclusivity agreement, our conflicts of interest policies or code of ethics or the MGCL will successfully eliminate conflicts of interest.
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Reporting Policies
Generally speaking, we intend to make available to our stockholders certified annual financial statements and annual reports. After this offering, we will become subject to the information reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Pursuant to these requirements, we will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information, including audited financial statements, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND TRANSACTIONS
Contribution of Initial Properties
Three of our directors, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett and Mr. Edelman (or members of his family), and two of our executive officers, Messrs. Brooks and Nunneley, and two employees of Remington Hotel Corporation, Mr. Mark Sharkey and Ms. Mary Villareal, indirectly own 100% of the interests in the entities that own the initial assets. Before the initial filing of this registration statement, these entities irrevocably committed, pursuant to written contribution and sale agreements, to contribute or sell the initial assets to us.
Simultaneously with the completion of the offering, the entities that own four of the initial properties will contribute such initial properties to our operating partnership in exchange for 3,187,500 limited partnership units, valued at $31.9 million. One additional limited partnership will contribute a hotel property to us in exchange for 1,445,417 limited partnership units, valued at $14.5 million and $3.0 million in cash. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett have each entered into binding subscription agreements to purchase 250,000 shares of our common stock at the offering price less underwriting discounts. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett each intend to use their respective portion of the cash consideration to partially satisfy their respective obligations to purchase such shares. The entities that own the remaining initial property will sell such initial property to our operating partnership in exchange for 216,634 shares of our common stock, valued at $2.2 million. Additionally, the entity that owns the asset management and consulting agreements will contribute such agreements to our operating partnership in exchange for 1,025,000 units of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership, valued at $10.25 million.
For purposes of determining the amount of consideration we will deliver in exchange for the initial assets, we valued the assets based on several factors, including a multiple of expected future earnings, internal rate of return analysis, replacement costs and analysis of sales of similar assets. No single factor was given greater weight than any other. Our valuations may not reflect the fair market values of the initial assets; however, our management believes that the total fair value of all consideration given in connection with our formation transactions (including the assumption of liabilities) is equal to the fair value of the assets acquired, assuming the common stock sold in this offering is sold at the mid-point of the range of prices indicated on the front cover of this prospectus.
The cash amount, the number of operating partnership units and the number of shares we will pay for our initial assets are fixed, except that we may, in our sole discretion, elect to decrease the number of shares and operating partnership units if we determine that after this offering, we will not have received sufficient funds to consummate the transactions contemplated to occur in connection with our formation. The contributing entities have no right under the contribution and sale agreements to change their investment decision or to require us to deliver more cash or a greater number of operating partnership units or shares of our common stock. However, the value of the units and the shares will ultimately depend on the initial public price of our common stock. Specifically, if the initial public offering price is greater than the mid-point of our estimated range indicated on the cover of this prospectus, then the value of the units and shares we will issue to the contributors will be correspondingly greater, and in excess of the values we attributed to the initial assets.
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Each of the contribution and sale agreements contains representations and warranties concerning the ownership and operation of the initial assets and other customary matters. Each contributing or selling entity has agreed to indemnify our operating partnership against breaches of the representations and warranties made by such entity in the related contribution agreement. The amount of such indemnification claims by us is limited with respect to each entity that owns the initial assets to the amount of the purchase price paid to such entity in the contribution or sale agreement, and, except with respect to the entity that will contribute the asset management and consulting agreements, our operating partnership is not entitled to indemnity until the aggregate of indemnifiable losses exceeds $200,000 per property. In addition, the indemnification obligations of the contributing or selling entities will survive the closing of the transactions contemplated by the related agreement for a period of 12 months and, except for the indemnification by the entity that will contribute the asset management and consulting agreements, will be secured by a pledge of the shares or partnership units we issue in exchange for the initial properties.
The obligations of the contributing and selling entities under the contribution and sale agreements to transfer the initial assets to us are conditioned upon completion of this offering and payment of the consideration described above and other customary conditions beyond the control of the contributing and selling entities, but are otherwise unconditional with respect to the obligations of the contributing and selling entities and our operating partnership.
Each of our directors and executive officers and
the two employees of Remington Hotel Corporation who,
collectively, beneficially own 100% of the contributing and
selling entities, are listed below, along with (i) the
related interest being conveyed or sold to our operating
partnership (through such persons direct or indirect
ownership in the entities that own the initial assets) and
(ii) the approximate number of partnership units or shares
of common stock to be issued or cash to be paid in exchange for
such initial assets.
Number of
Shares of
Common
Number of
Stock to
Units to be
be
Cash
Value of
Profits to
Contributor
Contributed Interest
Received
Received
Payments
Consideration
Contributor
407,184
$
4,071,840
$
3,756,133
279,642
2,796,420
2,490,185
566,942
5,669,420
5,939,337
610,689
$1,500,000
7,606,890
5,240,019
110,000
1,100,000
(2,327,475
)
108,317
1,083,170
(2,459,960
)
512,500
5,125,000
5,125,000
2,486,957
108,317
$1,500,000
$
27,452,740
$
17,763,238
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Number of | ||||||||||||||||||||
Shares of | ||||||||||||||||||||
Common | ||||||||||||||||||||
Number of | Stock to | |||||||||||||||||||
Units to be | be | Cash | Value of | Profits to | ||||||||||||||||
Contributor | Contributed Interest | Received | Received | Payments | Consideration | Contributor | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
Montgomery J. Bennett
|
42.25% interest in Austin Embassy Suites
|
407,184 | $ | 4,071,840 | $ | 3,756,133 | ||||||||||||||
42.25% interest in Dallas Embassy Suites
|
279,642 | 2,796,420 | 2,490,185 | |||||||||||||||||
42.25% interest in Dulles Embassy Suites
|
566,942 | 5,669,420 | 5,939,337 | |||||||||||||||||
42.25% interest in Las Vegas Embassy Suites
|
610,689 | $1,500,000 | 7,606,890 | 5,240,019 | ||||||||||||||||
50.00% interest in Covington Radisson
|
110,000 | 1,100,000 | (2,327,475 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
50.00% interest in Holtsville Radisson
|
108,317 | 1,083,170 | (2,459,960 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
50.00% interest in Asset Management and
Consulting Agreements
|
512,500 | 5,125,000 | 5,125,000 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total
|
2,486,957 | 108,317 | $1,500,000 | $ | 27,452,740 | $ | 17,763,238 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Marty Edelman
|
5.00% interest in Austin Embassy Suites
|
48,188 | $ | 481,880 | $ | 481,880 | ||||||||||||||
5.00% interest in Dallas Embassy Suites
|
33,094 | 330,940 | 330,940 | |||||||||||||||||
5.00% interest in Dulles Embassy Suites
|
67,094 | 670,940 | 670,940 | |||||||||||||||||
5.00% interest in Las Vegas Embassy Suites
|
72,271 | 722,710 | 722,710 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Total
|
220,647 | $ | 2,206,470 | $ | 2,206,470 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
David A. Brooks
|
5.00% interest in Austin Embassy Suites
|
48,188 | $ | 481,880 | $ | 481,880 | ||||||||||||||
5.00% interest in Dallas Embassy Suites
|
33,094 | 330,940 | 330,940 | |||||||||||||||||
5.00% interest in Dulles Embassy Suites
|
67,094 | 670,940 | 670,940 | |||||||||||||||||
5.00% interest in Las Vegas Embassy Suites
|
72,271 | 722,710 | 722,710 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Total
|
220,647 | $ | 2,206,470 | $ | 2,206,470 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Mark Nunneley
|
2.00% interest in Austin Embassy Suites
|
19,275 | $ | 192,750 | $ | 192,750 | ||||||||||||||
2.00% interest in Dallas Embassy Suites
|
13,237 | 132,370 | 132,370 | |||||||||||||||||
2.00% interest in Dulles Embassy Suites
|
26,837 | 268,370 | 268,370 | |||||||||||||||||
2.00% interest in Las Vegas Embassy Suites
|
28,908 | 289,080 | 289,080 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Total
|
88,257 | $ | 882,570 | $ | 882,570 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
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Number of | ||||||||||||||||||||
Shares of | ||||||||||||||||||||
Common | ||||||||||||||||||||
Number of | Stock to | |||||||||||||||||||
Units to be | be | Cash | Value of | Profits to | ||||||||||||||||
Contributor | Contributed Interest | Received | Received | Payments | Consideration | Contributor | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
Mark Sharkey
|
2.50% interest in Austin Embassy Suites
|
24,094 | $ | 240,940 | $ | 240,940 | ||||||||||||||
2.50% interest in Dallas Embassy Suites
|
16,547 | 165,470 | 165,470 | |||||||||||||||||
2.50% interest in Dulles Embassy Suites
|
33,547 | 335,470 | 335,470 | |||||||||||||||||
2.50% interest in Las Vegas Embassy Suites
|
36,135 | 361,350 | 361,350 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Total
|
110,323 | $ | 1,103,230 | $ | 1,103,230 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Mary Villareal
|
1.00% interest in Austin Embassy Suites
|
9,637 | $ | 96,370 | $ | 96,370 | ||||||||||||||
1.00% interest in Dallas Embassy Suites
|
6,619 | 66,190 | 66,190 | |||||||||||||||||
1.00% interest in Dulles Embassy Suites
|
13,419 | 134,190 | 134,190 | |||||||||||||||||
1.00% interest in Las Vegas Embassy Suites
|
14,454 | 144,540 | 144,540 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Total
|
44,129 | $ | 441,290 | $ | 441,290 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Under the terms of the applicable tax indemnification agreements, we will be required to pay the contributors tax liability in the event we reduce the indebtedness related to one of our initial hotels or if we dispose of any of the contributed properties in a taxable disposition prior to the earlier of:
| ten years after the contribution of the related property, and | |
| the date on which the contributor no longer owns, in the aggregate, at least 25% of the units issued to such contributor at the time of their contribution of property to our operating partnership. |
The tax indemnity will be equal to the amount of the federal and state income tax liability incurred by the contributor (using an assumed combined federal and state income tax rate at the then-highest applicable marginal rate for such contributor) with respect to the gain allocated to the contributor under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code.
The terms of the tax indemnification agreements require us to gross up the tax indemnity payment for the amount of income taxes due as a result of the tax indemnity payment. No tax indemnity payment will be due if we dispose of the contributed property in a tax-deferred transaction, such as a like-kind exchange under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. The tax indemnification agreements also require us for a period of 10 years to use our commercially reasonable efforts to maintain non-recourse indebtedness in the amount of at least $16.0 million, which will allow the contributors to defer recognition of gain in connection with the contribution of the Las Vegas property.
Other Benefits to Related Parties
Person Receiving the Benefit | Nature and Amount of Benefit | |
Archie Bennett, Jr., our Chairman | Pursuant to a non-compete agreement, Mr. Archie Bennett will receive an annual directors fee equal to $200,000, of which $25,000 may be paid in the form of shares of common stock, at the discretion of our compensation committee. In connection with the acquisition of our initial assets, Mr. Bennett will receive 2,486,957 shares of limited partnership units in our operating | |
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partnership, 108,317 shares of common stock and $1.5 million in cash consideration. Mr. Bennett intends to use the cash consideration received to purchase shares of our common stock. Additionally, upon the consummation of this offering, Mr. Bennett will receive 298,885 shares of restricted stock, which will vest in cumulative equal annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the consummation of this offering. The actual number of shares of restricted stock granted to Mr. Bennett will be equal to 0.71% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, excluding the 93,149 shares issued to underwriters. Mr. Bennett will also be eligible to participate in our stock incentive plan. See Management Director Compensation. | ||
Mr. Bennett beneficially owns a 50% interest in Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P., our hotel manager, and will benefit from the payment of management fees and project management fees by us to Remington Lodging. Management fees will include a monthly base management fee for each hotel property equal to the greater of (i) $10,000 (increased annually based on consumer price index) and (ii) 3% of the gross monthly revenues as well as an annual incentive management fee equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of gross annual revenues and (ii) the amount by which the actual gross operating profit exceeds the target gross operating profit in the annual operating budget. Annual project management fees will equal 4% of the total project costs associated with the implementation of the capital improvement budget of a hotel until the total project costs incurred equal 5% of gross revenues of the applicable hotel, and then 3% of project costs for expenditures in excess of the 5% of gross revenue threshold. The actual amount of management fees for the initial six properties for the 12 months ended June 30, 2002, assuming the management agreement had been in place during such period, would have been equal to $1.1 million. The total actual amount for the twelve months ended June 30, 2003 paid under the existing management agreements, which will be terminated upon the consummation of this offering, is the same as the total assuming the new management agreement was in place during such period. The actual amount of project management fees for the same period, under the same assumptions, would have been $20,771. See The Management Agreement Amounts Payable under the Management Agreement. | ||
In connection with the contribution of three of our initial properties, we will pay off from the proceeds of this offering, approximately $39.0 million of debt owed by the contributing partnerships to GMAC Commercial Mortgage Corp. As a result of the payment of this debt, all loan and security documents executed in connection with this debt will be released, including certain guaranty and indemnification agreements executed by the contributing partnerships and Lismore Associates, L.P. Mr. Bennett beneficially owns a 42.25% interest in each of the three contributing partnerships and an approximate 44% beneficial interest in Lismore Associates. Accordingly, he is indirectly |
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cash consideration. Mr. Bennett intends to use the cash consideration received to purchase shares of our common stock. Additionally, upon the consummation of this offering, Mr. Bennett will receive 298,885 shares of restricted stock, which will vest in cumulative equal annual installments of the first three anniversaries of the consummation of this offering. The actual number of shares of restricted stock granted to Mr. Bennett will be equal to 0.71% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, excluding the 93,149 shares issued to the underwriters. Mr. Bennett will also be eligible to participate in our stock incentive plan. See Management Executive Compensation. | ||
Mr. Bennett beneficially owns a 50% interest in Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P., our hotel manager, and will benefit from the payment of management fees and project management fees by us to Remington Lodging. Management fees will include a monthly base management fee for each hotel property equal to the greater of (i) $10,000 (increased annually based on consumer price index) and (ii) 3% of the gross monthly revenues as well as an annual incentive management fee equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of gross annual revenues and (ii) the amount by which the actual gross operating profit exceeds the target gross operating profit in the annual operating budget. Annual project management fees will equal 4% of the total project costs associated with the implementation of the capital improvement budget of a hotel until the total project costs incurred equal 5% of gross revenues of the applicable hotel, and then 3% of project costs for expenditures in excess of the 5% of gross revenue threshold. The actual amount of management fees for the initial six properties for the 12 months ended June 30, 2002, assuming the management agreement had been in place during such period, would have been equal to $1.1 million. The total actual amount for the twelve months ended June 30, 2003 paid under the existing management agreements, which will be terminated upon the consummation of this offering, is the same as the total assuming the new management agreement was in place during such period. The actual amount of project management fees for the same period, under the same assumptions, would have been $20,771. See The Management Agreement Amounts Payable under the Management Agreement. | ||
In connection with the contribution of three of our initial properties, we will pay off, from the proceeds of this offering, approximately $39.0 million of debt owed by the contributing partnerships to GMAC Commercial Mortgage Corp. As a result of the payment of this debt, all loan and security documents executed in connection with this debt will be released, including certain guaranty and indemnification agreements executed by the contributing partnerships and Lismore Associates, L.P. Mr. Bennett beneficially owns a 42.25% interest in each of the three contributing partnerships and an approximate 44% beneficial interest in Lismore Associates. Accordingly, he is indirectly |
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benefiting from the release of any continuing obligations under the guaranty and indemnity agreements. | ||
In connection with the contribution of one of our initial properties, we will pay off, from the proceeds of this offering, approximately $6.0 million of debt owed by this partnership to Heller Financial, Inc. As a result of the payment of this debt, all loan and security documents executed in connection with this debt will be released, including certain guaranty and indemnification agreements executed by the contributing partnership, its general partner and Remington Hotel Corporation as well as a letter of credit, in the amount of $400,000 issued by The Chase Manhattan Bank to Heller Financial for the account of Remington Hotel Corporation. Mr. Bennett beneficially owns a 50% partnership interest in this contributing partnership and a 50% beneficial interest in Remington Hotel Corporation. Accordingly, he is indirectly benefiting from the release of any continuing obligations under the guaranty and indemnity agreements as well as from the termination of the letter of credit. | ||
In connection with the contribution of one of our initial properties, we will assume $16.0 million of mortgage debt owed by the contributing partnership to Merrill Lynch Capital, a division of Merrill Lynch Business Financial Services, Inc. As a result of the assumption of this debt by us, a guaranty agreement executed by Remington Hotel in favor of Merrill Lynch Capital will be released. Mr. Bennett beneficially owns a 50% partnership interest in Remington Hotel Corporation. Accordingly, he is indirectly benefiting from the release of any continuing obligations under the guaranty. | ||
In connection with the acquisition of one of our initial properties, we will pay off, from the proceeds of this offering, approximately $17.8 million of debt owed by this partnership to Heller Financial, Inc. As a result of the payment of this debt, all loan and security documents executed in connection with this debt will be released, including certain guaranty and indemnification agreements executed by the contributing partnership, its general partner and Remington Hotel Corporation. Mr. Bennett beneficially owns a 50% partnership interest in this contributing partnership and a 50% beneficial interest in Remington Hotel Corporation. Accordingly, he is indirectly benefiting from the release of any continuing obligations under the guaranty and indemnity agreements. |
Related Party Management Services
Our operating partnership will enter into a management agreement with Remington Lodging, pursuant to which Remington Lodging will operate and manage each of our six initial hotels. We also intend for Remington Lodging to manage all of our future hotels, subject to our ability to hire a third party and not Remington Lodging upon the unanimous election of our independent directors. Remington Lodging is an affiliate of Remington Hotel, both of which are owned 100% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. See Business and Properties Management Agreement. The fees due to Remington Lodging under the management agreement will include management fees, project management fees and other fees. The actual
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We and our operating partnership will enter into a mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington Lodging and Remington Hotel and Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, pursuant to which we will have a first right of refusal to purchase lodging investments identified by them. We also will agree to hire Remington Lodging for the management or construction of any hotel part of an investment we elect to pursue, unless either all of our independent directors elect not to do so or a majority of our independent directors elect not to do so based on a determination that special circumstances exist or that another manager or developer could perform materially better than Remington Lodging. See Business and Properties Mutual Exclusivity Agreement.
Our operating partnership will perform certain asset management and consulting services related to 27 hotel properties for eight management companies, each of which is either owned 100% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett or is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Remington Hotel. We will provide these services pursuant to asset management and consulting agreements between these eight management companies and Ashford Financial Corporation that have been contributed to our operating partnership in exchange for 1,025,000 units of limited partnership interest valued at $10.25 million. Ashford Financial is entirely owned by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. In exchange for performing the asset management and consulting services, we will be entitled to receive annual payments that are contingent upon the revenue generated by the hotels receiving the services. Ashford Financial has guaranteed a total minimum payment to us of $1.2 million per year under all of the asset management and consulting agreements, for five years from our initial public offering. Ashford Financials guaranty is secured by a pledge of the 1,025,000 units issued in exchange for the asset management and consulting agreements. A pro rata portion of the units will be released from the pledge each year over the five year term of the guaranty, provided that the guaranteed minimum fee has been paid. If a hotel underlying the asset management and consulting agreements is sold, we will no longer derive any income from such hotel. Any such sale or related decrease in income, however, will not affect the amount guaranteed by Ashford Financial under its guaranty and pledge. Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett have an ownership interest in the properties underlying the asset management and consulting agreements. See Business and Properties Our Asset Management and Consulting Agreements.
During the period January 1, 2002 through May 5, 2003 Mr. Martin Edelman, one of our directors, received $255,000 from Ashford Financial Corporation and $108,819 from Remington Hotel, in each case for legal, financial and investment advisory services rendered to certain limited partnerships of which Remington Hotel or its affiliates were limited partners. No further payments for such services, to Mr. Edelman, from Ashford Financial, Remington Hotel or any other entity controlled by Messrs. Archie or Montgomery Bennett, or from us, is envisioned, other than as described under Management Director Compensation. Additionally, the wife of Mr. David Kimichik, our Chief Financial Officer, is a partner at Andrews & Kurth L.L.P., and Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. has represented us in connection with this offering.
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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of our common stock, assuming the completion of the offering, by (i) each of our directors, (ii) each of our executive officers, (iii) all of our directors and executive officers as a group and (iv) each holder of five percent or more of our common stock. Unless otherwise indicated, all shares are owned directly and the indicated person has sole voting and investment power.
Number of | ||||||||
Shares | ||||||||
Beneficially | Percent of | |||||||
Name of Stockholder | Owned (1) | Class (2) | ||||||
|
|
|
||||||
Archie Bennett, Jr.
|
3,144,159 | 8.14% | ||||||
Montgomery J. Bennett
|
3,144,159 | 8.14% | ||||||
Martin Edelman
|
225,647 | 0.63% | ||||||
W.D. Minami
|
5,000 | 0.01% | ||||||
W. Michael Murphy
|
5,000 | 0.01% | ||||||
Charles P. Toppino
|
5,000 | 0.01% | ||||||
Philip S. Payne
|
5,000 | 0.01% | ||||||
Douglas Kessler
|
142,200 | 0.40% | ||||||
David A. Brooks
|
272,247 | 0.75% | ||||||
David Kimichik
|
96,900 | 0.27% | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
All executive officers and directors as a group
|
7,045,312 | 16.67% | ||||||
|
|
(1) | Assumes that all units of our operating partnership held by such person or group of persons are redeemed for common stock (regardless of when such units are redeemable) and includes restricted stock grants that vest in equal annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the consummation of this offering. The actual number of restricted stock grants to executive officers and employees will equal, in the aggregate, 2.25% of the fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this offering, excluding the 93,149 shares issued to underwriters. As a result, the actual number of restricted stock grants to executive officers and employees may be increased or decreased on a pro rata basis depending upon the actual number of shares of common stock sold in this offering. |
(2) | The total number of shares outstanding used in calculating the percentage assumes that none of the operating partnership units or options held by other persons are redeemed for common stock or exercised for common stock. |
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
General
We were formed under the laws of the State of Maryland. Rights of our stockholders are governed by the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL, our charter and our bylaws. The following is a summary of the material provisions of our capital stock. Copies of our charter and bylaws are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See Where You Can Find More Information.
Authorized Stock
Our charter provides that we may issue up to 200 million shares of voting common stock, par value $.01 per share, and 50 million shares of preferred stock, par value $.01 per share. Upon completion of this offering, there will be 36,766,283 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
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Common Stock
All shares of our common stock offered hereby will be duly authorized, fully paid and nonassessable. Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of the charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends on such stock when, as and if authorized by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor and declared by us and to share ratably in the assets of our company legally available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment of or adequate provision for all known debts and liabilities of our company, including the preferential rights on dissolution of any class or classes of preferred stock.
Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors and, except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of such shares will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of our board of directors, which means that the holders of a plurality of the outstanding shares of our common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.
Holders of shares of our common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption or appraisal rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any securities of our company. Subject to the provisions of the charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, shares of our common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights.
Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a statutory share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business unless declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the corporations charter. Our charter does not provide for a lesser percentage for these matters. However, Maryland law permits a corporation to transfer all or substantially all of its assets without the approval of the stockholders of the corporation to one or more persons if all of the equity interests of the person or persons are owned, directly or indirectly, by the corporation. Because operating assets may be held by a corporations subsidiaries, as in our situation, this may mean that a subsidiary of a corporation can transfer all of its assets without a vote of the corporations stockholders.
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock into other classes or series of classes of stock and to establish the number of shares in each class or series and to set the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption for each such class or series.
Preferred Stock
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify any unissued shares of preferred stock and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of any series. Prior to issuance of shares of each series, our board of directors is required by the MGCL and our charter to set the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each such series. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. As of the date hereof, no shares of preferred stock are outstanding and we have no current plans to issue any preferred stock.
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Power to Increase Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares of our
We believe that the power of our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to increase the number of authorized shares of stock, issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause us to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock will provide us with flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The additional classes or series, as well as the common stock, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder consent is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our board of directors does not intend to do so, it could authorize us to issue a class or series that could, depending upon the terms of the particular class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for our stockholder or otherwise be in their best interest.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
In order for us to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code or Code, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares of our stock may be owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made by us). In addition, if we, or one or more owners (actually or constructively) of 10% or more of us, actually or constructively owns 10% or more of a tenant of ours (or a tenant of any partnership in which we are a partner), the rent received by us (either directly or through any such partnership) from such tenant will not be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests of the Code. Our stock must also be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made by us).
Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our capital stock that are intended to assist us in complying with these requirements and continuing to qualify as a REIT. The relevant sections of our charter provide that, subject to the exceptions described below, no person or persons acting as a group may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than (i) 9.8% of the lesser of the number or value of shares of our common stock outstanding or (ii) 9.8% of the lesser of the number or value of the issued and outstanding preferred or other shares of any class or series of our stock. We refer to this restriction as the ownership limit.
The ownership attribution rules under the Code are complex and may cause stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals and/or entities to be owned constructively by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of our common stock (or the acquisition of an interest in an entity that owns, actually or constructively, our common stock) by an individual or entity, could, nevertheless cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own constructively in excess of 9.8% of our outstanding common stock and thereby subject the common stock to the ownership limit.
Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, waive the ownership limit with respect to one or more stockholders who would not be treated as individuals for purposes of the Code if it determines that such ownership will not cause any individuals beneficial ownership of shares of our capital stock to violate the ownership limit and that any exemption from the ownership limit will not jeopardize our status as a REIT (for example, by causing any tenant of ours to be considered a related party tenant for purposes of the REIT qualification rules).
As a condition of our waiver, our board of directors may require an opinion of counsel or IRS ruling satisfactory to our board of directors, and/or representations or undertakings from the applicant with respect to preserving our REIT status.
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In connection with the waiver of the ownership limit or at any other time, our board of directors may decrease the ownership limit for all other persons and entities; provided, however, that the decreased ownership limit will not be effective for any person or entity whose percentage ownership in our capital stock is in excess of such decreased ownership limit until such time as such person or entitys percentage of our capital stock equals or falls below the decreased ownership limit, but any further acquisition of our capital stock in excess of such percentage ownership of our capital stock will be in violation of the ownership limit. Additionally, the new ownership limit may not allow five or fewer individuals (as defined for purposes of the REIT ownership restrictions under the Code) to beneficially own more than 49.5% of the value of our outstanding capital stock.
Our charter provisions further prohibit:
| any person from actually or constructively owning shares of our capital stock that would result in us being closely held under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT; and | |
| any person from transferring shares of our capital stock if such transfer would result in shares of our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution). |
Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our common stock that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will be required to give notice immediately to us and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect of such transfer on our status as a REIT. The foregoing provisions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
Pursuant to our charter, if any purported transfer of our capital stock or any other event would otherwise result in any person violating the ownership limits or the other restrictions in our charter, then any such purported transfer will be void and of no force or effect with respect to the purported transferee or owner (collectively referred to hereinafter as the purported owner) as to that number of shares in excess of the ownership limit (rounded up to the nearest whole share). The number of shares in excess of the ownership limit will be automatically transferred to, and held by, a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable organizations selected by us. The trustee of the trust will be designated by us and must be unaffiliated with us and with any purported owner. The automatic transfer will be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the violative transfer or other event that results in a transfer to the trust. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the purported owner, prior to our discovery that the shares had been automatically transferred to a trust as described above, must be repaid to the trustee upon demand for distribution to the beneficiary of the trust and all dividends and other distributions paid by us with respect to such excess shares prior to the sale by the trustee of such shares shall be paid to the trustee for the beneficiary. If the transfer to the trust as described above is not automatically effective, for any reason, to prevent violation of the applicable ownership limit, then our charter provides that the transfer of the excess shares will be void. Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that such excess shares have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall have the authority (at the trustees sole discretion and subject to applicable law) (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by a purported owner prior to our discovery that such shares have been transferred to the trust and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the beneficiary of the trust, provided that if we have already taken irreversible action, then the trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote.
Shares of our capital stock transferred to the trustee are deemed offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price paid by the purported owner for the shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares of our capital stock at market price, the market price on the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of such shares of our capital stock to the trust) and (ii) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accepts such offer. We have the right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares of
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If we do not buy the shares, the trustee must, within 20 days of receiving notice from us of the transfer of shares to the trust, sell the shares to a person or entity designated by the trustee who could own the shares without violating the ownership limits. After that, the trustee must distribute to the purported owner an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the net price paid by the purported owner for the shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares at market price, the market price on the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of such shares of our capital stock to the trust) and (ii) the net sales proceeds received by the trust for the shares. Any proceeds in excess of the amount distributable to the purported owner will be distributed to the beneficiary.
Our charter also provides that Benefit Plan Investors (as defined in our charter) may not hold, individually or in the aggregate, 25% or more of the value of any class or series of shares of our capital stock to the extent such class or series does not constitute Publicly Offered Securities (as defined in our charter).
All persons who own, directly or by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than 5% (or such other percentage as provided in the regulations promulgated under the Code) of the lesser of the number or value of the shares of our outstanding capital stock must give written notice to us within 30 days after the end of each calendar year. In addition, each stockholder will, upon demand, be required to disclose to us in writing such information with respect to the direct, indirect and constructive ownership of shares of our stock as our board of directors deems reasonably necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code applicable to a REIT, to comply with the requirements or any taxing authority or governmental agency or to determine any such compliance.
All certificates representing shares of our capital stock bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
These ownership limits could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price over the then prevailing market price for the holders of some, or a majority, of our outstanding shares of common stock or which such holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interest.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock and preferred stock is Equiserve Trust Company, N.A.
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MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR
The following is a summary of certain provisions of Maryland law and of our charter and bylaws. Copies of our charter and bylaws are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See Where You Can Find More Information.
The Board of Directors
Our bylaws provide that the number of directors of our company may be established by our board of directors but may not be fewer than the minimum number permitted under the MGCL (generally, three) nor more than 15. Any vacancy will be filled, at any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, by a majority of the remaining directors.
Pursuant to our charter, each member of our board of directors will serve one year terms, with each members initial term expiring in 2004. Holders of shares of our common stock will have no right to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of stockholders at which our board of directors is elected, the holders of a plurality of the shares of our common stock will be able to elect all of the members of our board of directors.
Business Combinations
Maryland law prohibits business combinations between a corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, certain transfers of assets, certain stock issuances and transfers, liquidation plans and reclassifications involving interested stockholders and their affiliates as asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. Maryland law defines an interested stockholder as:
| any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our voting stock; or | |
| an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding voting stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder if the board of directors approves in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving the transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board of directors.
After the five year prohibition, any business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
| 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the then outstanding shares of common stock; and | |
| two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the common stock other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or shares held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. |
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.
The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are approved by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.
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Our charter includes a provision excluding the corporation from these provisions of the MGCL and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and any interested stockholder of ours unless we later amend our charter, with stockholder approval, to modify or eliminate this provision. We believe that our ownership restrictions will substantially reduce the risk that a stockholder would become an interested stockholder within the meaning of the Maryland business combination statute.
Control Share Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved at a special meeting by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock in a corporation in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of shares of stock of the corporation in the election of directors: (i) a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition, (ii) an officer of the corporation or (iii) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock previously acquired by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (i) one-tenth or more but less than one-third, (ii) one-third or more but less than a majority, or (iii) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
Our charter contains a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our common stock and, consequently, the applicability of the control share acquisitions unless we later amend our charter, with stockholder approval, to modify or eliminate this provision. We believe that our ownership restrictions will substantially reduce the risk that a stockholder would become an interested stockholder within the meaning or the Maryland business combination statute.
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Amendment to Our Charter
Our charter may be amended only if declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Dissolution of Our Company
The dissolution of our company must be declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that:
| with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, the only business to be considered and the only proposals to be acted upon will be those properly brought before the annual meeting: |
- | pursuant to our notice of the meeting; | |
- | by, or at the direction of, a majority of our board of directors; or | |
- | by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws; |
| with respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our companys notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of stockholders unless otherwise provided by law; and | |
| nominations of persons for election to our board of directors at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be made only: |
- | by, or at the direction of, our board of directors; or | |
- | by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws. |
Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws
The provisions of our charter on removal of directors and the advance notice provisions of our bylaws could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. Likewise, if our companys charter were to be amended to avail the corporation of the business combination provisions of the MGCL or if the provision in the charter opting out of the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL were rescinded, these provisions of the MGCL could have similar anti-takeover effects.
Indemnification and Limitation of Directors and Officers Liability
Our charter and the partnership agreement provide for indemnification of our officers and directors against liabilities to the fullest extent permitted by the MGCL, as amended from time to time.
The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable
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| an act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and: |
- | was committed in bad faith; or | |
- | was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or | |
| in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation (other than for expenses incurred in a successful defense of such an action) or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporations receipt of:
| a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and | |
| a written undertaking by the director or on the directors behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director did not meet the standard of conduct. |
The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our charter contains such a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
Our bylaws obligate us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to:
| any present or former director or officer who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or | |
| any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee and who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. |
Our bylaws also obligate us to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described in second and third bullet points above and to any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our company.
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership provides that we, as general partner, and our officers and directors are indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by law. See Description of the Partnership Agreement Indemnification and Limitation of Liability.
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
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SHARES AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE SALE
General
Upon the completion of this offering, we will have 36,766,283 shares of common stock outstanding and approximately 5,657,917 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon redemption of operating partnership units, or redemption shares. Our common stock issued in this offering will be freely tradeable by persons other than our affiliates, subject to certain limitations on ownership set forth in our governing documents. See Description of Shares of Capital Stock Restrictions on Transfer.
Redemption/Exchange Rights
Pursuant to the partnership agreement of our operating partnership, the individuals that own the limited partnership units will have the right to redeem their units. When a limited partner exercises this right, the partnership must redeem their partnership units in exchange for cash or, at our option, common stock, on a one-for-one basis. These redemption rights generally may be exercised by the limited partners at any time after one year following the acquisition of the initial properties. See The Partnership Agreement Redemption Rights. Any amendment to the Partnership Agreement that would affect these redemption rights would require our consent as general partner and the consent of limited partners holding more than 50% of the units held by limited partners (excluding us).
Rule 144
Any of the 5,657,917 redemption shares, if and when issued, all of the 500,000 shares of our common stock privately sold to Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, the 93,149 shares issued to the underwriter and the 216,634 shares of stock we issued in exchange for one of our initial properties will be restricted securities under the meaning of Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933. These shares may not be sold in the absence of registration under the Securities Act unless an exemption from registration is available, including exemptions contained in Rule 144.
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, if one year has elapsed since the date of acquisition of restricted shares from us or any of our affiliates, the holder of such restricted shares can sell such shares; provided that the number of shares sold by such person within any three-month period cannot exceed the greater of:
| 1% of the total number of shares of our common stock then outstanding, or | |
| the average weekly trading volume of our common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of the sale is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission |
Sales under Rule 144 also are subject to certain manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us. If two years have elapsed since the date of acquisition of restricted shares from us or any of our affiliates and the holder is not one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding the proposed sale, such person can sell such shares in the public market under Rule 144(k) without regard to the volume limitations, manner of sale provisions, public information requirements or notice requirements.
Registration Rights
Provided that we are then eligible to use Form S-3, we have agreed to file a shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the first anniversary of the closing of this offering, and thereafter use our efforts to have the registration statement declared effective, covering the continuous resale of (i) the 500,000 shares we privately sold to Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett, (ii) the 5,657,917 shares of common stock issuable to our limited partners upon redemption of units in our operating partnership issued in exchange for five of our initial properties, (iii) the 216,634 shares of restricted stock we issued in exchange for one of our initial properties and (iv) the 93,149 shares issued to
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Registration rights may be granted to future sellers of properties to our operating partnership who may receive, in lieu of cash, common stock, units or other securities convertible into common stock.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. Listing of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange is expected to be effective upon the completion of this offering. No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares, or the availability of shares for future sale, will have on the market price prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may affect adversely prevailing market prices of the common stock. See Risk Factors Market for Common Stock and Partnership Agreement Transferability of Interests.
Lock-Up Agreements
For a description of certain restrictions on transfers of our common stock held by certain of our stockholders, see Underwriting.
PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
Management
Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating partnership, has been organized as a Delaware limited partnership. One of our wholly-owned subsidiaries is the sole general partner of this partnership, and one of our subsidiaries holds limited partnership units in this partnership. Upon completion of this offering, we will own, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, approximately 86.7% of the partnership interests in our operating partnership. In the future, we may issue additional interests in our operating partnership to third parties.
Pursuant to the partnership agreement of the operating partnership, we, as the sole general partner, generally have full, exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in the management, operation and control of the partnership, including the ability to cause the partnership to enter into certain major transactions, including acquisitions, developments and dispositions of properties, borrowings and refinancings of existing indebtedness. No limited partner may take part in the operation, management or control of the business of the operating partnership by virtue of being a holder of limited partnership units.
Our subsidiary may not be removed as general partner of the partnership. Upon the bankruptcy or dissolution of the general partner, the general partner shall be deemed to be removed automatically.
The limited partners of our operating partnership have agreed that in the event of a conflict in the fiduciary duties owed (i) by us to our stockholders and (ii) by us, as general partner of the operating partnership, to those limited partners, we may act in the best interests of our stockholders without violating
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Transferability of Interests
General Partner. The partnership agreement provides that we may not transfer our interest as a general partner (including by sale, disposition, merger or consolidation) except:
| in connection with a merger of the operating partnership, a sale of substantially all of the assets of the operating partnership or other transaction in which the limited partners receive a certain amount of cash, securities or property; or | |
| in connection with a merger of us or the general partner into another entity, if the surviving entity contributes substantially all its assets to the operating partnership and assumes the duties of the general partner under the operating partnership agreement. | |
Limited Partner. The partnership agreement prohibits the sale, assignment, transfer, pledge or disposition of all or any portion of the limited partnership units without our consent, which we may give or withhold in our sole discretion. However, an individual partner may donate his units to his immediate family or a trust wholly owned by his immediate family, without our consent. In addition, the partnerships contributing our initial hotel properties to us in exchange for units in our operating partnership may transfer those units to their partners, without our consent. The partnership agreement contains other restrictions on transfer if, among other things that transfer:
| would cause us to fail to comply with the REIT rules under the Internal Revenue Code, or | |
| would cause us to become a publicly-traded partnership under the Internal Revenue Code. |
Capital Contributions
Through a wholly-owned subsidiary, we will contribute to the partnership all the net proceeds of the initial offering as our initial capital contribution in exchange for approximately an 86.7% limited partnership interest. Some of our directors, executive officers and their affiliates will contribute properties and assets to the partnership and become limited partners and, together with other limited partners, initially will own the remaining 13.3% limited partnership interest.
The partnership agreement provides that if the partnership requires additional funds at any time in excess of funds available to the partnership from borrowing or capital contributions, we may borrow such funds from a financial institution or other lender and lend such funds to the partnership. Under the partnership agreement, we are obligated to contribute the proceeds of any offering of stock as additional capital to the partnership. The operating partnership is authorized to cause the partnership to issue partnership interests for less than fair market value if we conclude in good faith that such issuance is in both the partnerships and our best interests.
The partnership agreement provides that we may make additional capital contributions, including properties, to the partnership in exchange for additional partnership units. If we contribute additional capital to the partnership and receive additional partnership interests for such capital contribution, our percentage interests will be increased on a proportionate basis based on the amount of such additional capital contributions and the value of the partnership at the time of such contributions. Conversely, the percentage interests of the other limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis. In addition, if we contribute additional capital to the partnership and receive additional partnership interests for such capital contribution, the capital accounts of the partners will be adjusted upward or downward to reflect any unrealized gain or loss attributable to our properties as if there were an actual sale of such properties at the fair market value thereof. Limited partners have no preemptive right to make additional capital contributions.
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The operating partnership could issue preferred partnership interests in connection with acquisitions of property or otherwise. Any such preferred partnership interests would have priority over common partnership interests with respect to distributions from the partnership, including the partnership interests that our wholly-owned subsidiaries own.
Redemption Rights
Under the partnership agreement, we have granted to each limited partner (other than our subsidiary) the right to redeem their limited partnership units. This right may be exercised at the election of that limited partner by giving us written notice, subject to some limitations. The purchase price for the limited partnership units to be redeemed will equal the fair market value of our common stock. The purchase price for the limited partnership units may be paid in cash, or, in our discretion, by the issuance by us of a number of shares of our common stock equal to the number of limited partnership units with respect to which the rights are being exercised. However, no limited partner will be entitled to exercise its redemption rights to the extent that the issuance of common stock to the redeeming partner would be prohibited under our charter or, if after giving effect to such exercise, would cause any person to own, actually or constructively, more than 9.8% of our common stock, unless such ownership limit is waived by us in our sole discretion.
In all cases, however, no limited partner may exercise the redemption right for fewer than 1,000 partnership units or, if a limited partner holds fewer than 1,000 partnership units, all of the partnership units held by such limited partner.
Upon completion of this offering, the aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redemption rights will be approximately 5,657,917. The number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redemption rights will be adjusted to account for share splits, mergers, consolidations or similar pro rata share transactions.
Operations
The partnership agreement requires the partnership to be operated in a manner that enables us to satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT, to minimize any excise tax liability imposed by the Internal Revenue Code and to ensure that the partnership will not be classified as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation under Section 7704 of the Code.
In addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the partnership, the partnership will pay all of our administrative costs and expenses. These expenses will be treated as expenses of the partnership and will generally include:
| all expenses relating to our continuity of existence; | |
| all expenses relating to offerings and registration of securities; | |
| all expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any of our periodic reports under federal, state or local laws or regulations; | |
| all expenses associated with our compliance with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body; and | |
| all of our other operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary course of its business on behalf of the partnership. |
Distributions
The partnership agreement provides that the partnership will make cash distributions in amounts and at such times as determined by us in our sole discretion, to us and other limited partners in accordance with the respective percentage interests of the partners in the partnership.
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Upon liquidation of the partnership, after payment of, or adequate provisions for, debts and obligations of the partnership, including any partner loans, any remaining assets of the partnership will be distributed to us and the other limited partners with positive capital accounts in accordance with the respective positive capital account balances of the partners.
Allocations
Profits and losses of the partnership (including depreciation and amortization deductions) for each fiscal year generally are allocated to us and the other limited partners in accordance with the respective percentage interests of the partners in the partnership. All of the foregoing allocations are subject to compliance with the provisions of Internal Revenue Code sections 704(b) and 704(c) and treasury regulations promulgated thereunder. The partnership will use the traditional method under Internal Revenue Code section 704(c) for allocating items with respect to which the fair market value at the time of contribution differs from the adjusted tax basis at the time of contribution for the initial hotels.
Amendments
Generally, we, as the general partner of the operating partnership, may amend the partnership agreement without the consent of any limited partner to clarify the partnership agreement, to make changes of an inconsequential nature, to reflect the admission, substitution or withdrawal of limited partners, to reflect the issuance of additional partnership interests or if, in the opinion of counsel, necessary or appropriate to satisfy the Code with respect to partnerships or REITs or federal or state securities laws. However, any amendment which alters or changes the distribution or redemption rights of a limited partner (other than a change to reflect the seniority of any distribution or liquidation rights of any preferred units issued in accordance with the partnership agreement), changes the method for allocating profits and losses, imposes any obligation on the limited partners to make additional capital contributions or adversely affects the limited liability of the limited partners requires the consent of holders of 66 2/3% of the limited partnership units, excluding our indirect ownership of limited partnership units. Other amendments require approval of the general partner and holders of 50% of the limited partnership units.
In addition, the operating partnership may be amended, without the consent of any limited partner, in the event that we or any of our subsidiaries engages in a merger or consolidation with another entity and immediately after such transaction the surviving entity contributes to the operating partnership substantially all of the assets of such surviving entity and the surviving entity agrees to assume our subsidiarys obligation as general partner of the partnership. In such case, the surviving entity will amend the operating partnership agreement to arrive at a new method for calculating the amount a limited partner is to receive upon redemption or conversion of a partnership unit (such method to approximate the existing method as much as possible).
Exculpation and Indemnification of the General Partner
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership provides that neither the general partner, nor any of its directors and officers will be liable to the partnership or to any of its partners as a result of errors in judgment or mistakes of fact or law or of any act or omission, if the general partner acted in good faith.
In addition, the partnership agreement requires our operating partnership to indemnify and hold the general partner and its directors, officers and any other person it designates, harmless from and against any and all claims arising from operations of the operating partnership in which any such indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, unless it is established that:
| the act or omission of the indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, | |
| the indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services, or | |
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| in the case of any criminal proceeding, the indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
No indemnitee may subject any partner of our operating partnership to personal liability with respect to this indemnification obligation as this indemnification obligation will be satisfied solely out of the assets of the partnership.
Term
The partnership will continue until December 31, 2053, unless dissolved upon:
| the general partners bankruptcy or dissolution or withdrawal (unless the limited partners elect to continue the partnership); | |
| the passage of 90 days after the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the partnership; | |
| the redemption of all partnership units (other than those held by us, if any); or | |
| an election by us in our capacity as the sole owner of the general partner. |
Tax Matters
The general partner is the tax matters partner of the operating partnership and, as such, we have the authority to make tax elections under the Internal Revenue Code on behalf of the partnership. The net income or net loss of the operating partnership will generally be allocated to us and the limited partners in accordance with our respective percentage interests in the partnership, subject to compliance with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OUR STATUS AS A REIT
The following discussion is a summary of the material federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to a prospective holder of common stock, and, unless otherwise noted in the following discussion, expresses the opinion of Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. insofar as it relates to matters of United States federal income tax law and legal conclusions with respect to those matters. The discussion does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular stockholders in light of their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to certain types of stockholders that are subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as insurance companies, financial institutions or broker-dealers, tax-exempt organizations, foreign corporations, and persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States (except to the limited extent discussed in Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders).
The statements of law in this discussion and the opinion of Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. are based on current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, existing temporary and final Treasury regulations thereunder, and current administrative rulings and court decisions. No assurance can be given that future legislative, judicial, or administrative actions or decisions, which may be retroactive in effect, will not affect the accuracy of any statements in this prospectus with respect to the transactions entered into or contemplated prior to the effective date of such changes.
We urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the specific tax consequences to you of ownership of our common stock and of our election to be taxed as a REIT. Specifically, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local, foreign, and other tax consequences of such ownership and election and regarding potential changes in applicable tax laws.
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Taxation of our Company
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31, 2003. We believe that, commencing with such taxable year, we will be organized and will operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to continue to qualify as a REIT. This section discusses the laws governing the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders. These laws are highly technical and complex.
Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. has acted as our counsel in connection with the offering and our election to be taxed as a REIT. In the opinion of Andrews & Kurth L.L.P., commencing with our short year ending December 31, 2003, and assuming that we make the appropriate elections and other procedural steps described in this discussion of Federal Income Tax Consequences of our Status as a REIT in a timely fashion, we will be organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT, and our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. Investors should be aware that Andrews & Kurth L.L.P.s opinion is based upon customary assumptions, is conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our properties and the future conduct of our business, and is not binding upon the Internal Revenue Service or any court. In addition, Andrews & Kurth L.L.P.s opinion is based on existing federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our continued qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, certain qualification tests set forth in the federal tax laws. Those qualification tests involve the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that falls within specified categories, the diversity of our share ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. While Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. has reviewed those matters in connection with the foregoing opinion, Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our operation for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to qualify as a REIT, see Failure to Qualify.
If we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. The benefit of that tax treatment is that it avoids the double taxation, or taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels, that generally results from owning stock in a corporation. However, we will be subject to federal tax in the following circumstances:
| We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to our stockholders during, or within a specified time period after, the calendar year in which the income is earned. | |
| Under certain circumstances, we may be subject to the alternative minimum tax on items of tax preference. | |
| We will pay income tax at the highest corporate rate on (1) net income from the sale or other disposition of property acquired through foreclosure (foreclosure property) that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business and (2) other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property. | |
| We will pay a 100% tax on net income from sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. | |
| If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below under Requirements for Qualification Income Tests, and nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT because we meet other requirements, we will pay a 100% tax on (1) the gross income attributable to the greater of the amounts by which we fail the 75% and 95% gross income tests, multiplied by (2) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. |
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| If we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will pay a 4% excise tax on the excess of this required distribution over the amount we actually distributed. | |
| We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, a U.S. stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain (to the extent that a timely designation of such gain is made by us to the stockholder) and would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid. | |
| If we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or a corporation that generally is subject to full corporate-level tax, in a merger or other transaction in which we acquire a basis in the asset that is determined by reference to the C corporations basis in the asset, we will pay tax at the highest regular corporate rate applicable if we recognize gain on the sale or disposition of such asset during the 10-year period after we acquire such asset. The amount of gain on which we will pay tax generally is the lesser of: |
| the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or disposition; and | |
| the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold the asset at the time we acquired the asset. |
Pursuant to recently finalized Treasury regulations, as of January 2, 2003, it is not necessary to make an election under applicable Treasury regulations in order to defer recognition of built-in gain associated with assets acquired from a C corporation. |
| We will incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a taxable REIT subsidiary that are not conducted on an arms-length basis. |
Requirements for Qualification
A REIT is a corporation, trust, or association that meets the following requirements:
1. it is managed by one or more trustees or directors;
2. its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest;
3. it would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for the REIT provisions of the federal income tax laws;
4. it is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to special provisions of the federal income tax laws;
5. at least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its shares or ownership certificates;
6. no more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares or ownership certificates is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the federal income tax laws to include certain entities, during the last half of each taxable year;
7. it elects to be a REIT, or has made such election for a previous taxable year, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the Internal Revenue Service that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status;
8. it uses a calendar year for federal income tax purposes and complies with the recordkeeping requirements of the federal income tax laws; and
9. it meets certain other qualification tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions.
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We must meet requirements 1 through 4 during our entire taxable year and must meet requirement 5 during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. If we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining the ownership of our outstanding shares in a taxable year and have no reason to know that we violated requirement 6, we will be deemed to have satisfied requirement 6 for such taxable year. For purposes of determining share ownership under requirement 6, an individual generally includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation, or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. An individual, however, generally does not include a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust under the federal income tax laws, and beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as holding shares of our common stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of requirement 6. We do not have to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 for our taxable year ending December 31, 2003.
After the issuance of common stock pursuant to this prospectus, we will have issued sufficient common stock with enough diversity of ownership to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 set forth above. In addition, our charter restricts the ownership and transfer of the common stock so that we should continue to satisfy requirements 5 and 6. The provisions of our charter restricting the ownership and transfer of the common stock are described in Descriptions of Capital Stock Restrictions on Transfer.
A corporation that is a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. All assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the REIT. A qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation, other than a taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS), all of the capital stock of which is owned by the REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described in this section, any qualified REIT subsidiary that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of that subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit. Similarly, any wholly-owned limited liability company that we own will be disregarded, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of such limited liability company will be treated as ours.
In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. Thus, our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, and items of income of our operating partnership and of any other partnership, joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we own or will acquire an interest, directly or indirectly (in the aggregate, the Partnerships), are treated as our assets and gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT qualification requirements.
Subject to restrictions on the value of TRS securities held by the REIT, a REIT is permitted to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation. A TRS may not directly or indirectly operate or manage any hotels or health care facilities or provide rights to any brand name under which any hotel or health care facility is operated but is permitted to lease hotels from a related REIT as long as the hotels are operated on behalf of the TRS by an eligible independent contractor. We formed and made or will make a timely election with respect to one TRS, Ashford TRS Corporation, which, upon the completion of this offering, will lease each of our initial properties. Additionally, we may form or acquire one or more additional TRSs in the future. See Taxable REIT Subsidiaries.
Income Tests
We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of defined types of income that we derive, directly or indirectly, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property or
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| rents from real property; | |
| interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property; | |
| dividends and gain from the sale of shares in other REITs; and | |
| gain from the sale of real estate assets. |
Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of dividends and interest, gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, income from certain hedging transactions, or any combination of the foregoing. Gross income from our sale of any property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is excluded from both income tests. The following paragraphs discuss the specific application of the gross income tests to us.
Rents from Real Property. Rent that we receive from real property that we own and lease to tenants will qualify as rents from real property, which is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, only if the following conditions are met:
| First, the rent must not be based, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person, but may be based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or gross sales. | |
| Second, neither we nor a direct or indirect owner of 10% or more of our shares of common stock may own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of a tenant other than a TRS, from whom we receive rent. | |
| Third, if the rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property exceeds 15% of the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to that personal property will not qualify as rents from real property. | |
| Fourth, we generally must not operate or manage our real property or furnish or render services to our tenants, other than through an independent contractor who is adequately compensated, from whom we do not derive revenue, and who does not, directly or through its stockholders, own more than 35% of our shares of common stock, taking into consideration the applicable ownership attribution rules. However, we need not provide services through an independent contractor, but instead may provide services directly to our tenants, if the services are usually or customarily rendered in the geographic area in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not considered to be provided for the tenants convenience. In addition, we may provide a minimal amount of non-customary services to the tenants of a property, other than through an independent contractor, as long as our income from the services (valued at not less than 150% of our direct cost of performing such services) does not exceed 1% of our income from the related property. Furthermore, we may own up to 100% of the stock of a TRS, which may provide customary and noncustomary services to our tenants without tainting our rental income from the related properties. See Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. |
Pursuant to percentage leases, Ashford TRS will lease each of our initial properties. The percentage leases provide that Ashford TRS is obligated to pay to the Partnerships (1) the greater of a minimum base rent or percentage rent based on gross revenue and (2) additional charges or other expenses, as defined in the leases. Percentage rent is calculated by multiplying fixed percentages by room revenues for each of the hotels. Both base rent and the thresholds in the percentage rent formulas will be adjusted for inflation.
In order for the base rent, percentage rent, and additional charges to constitute rents from real property, the percentage leases must be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes and not treated as service contracts, joint ventures, or some other type of arrangement. The determination of whether the percentage leases are true leases depends on an analysis of all the surrounding facts and
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| the intent of the parties; | |
| the form of the agreement; | |
| the degree of control over the property that is retained by the property owner, or whether the lessee has substantial control over the operation of the property or is required simply to use its best efforts to perform its obligations under the agreement; and | |
| the extent to which the property owner retains the risk of loss with respect to the property, or whether the lessee bears the risk of increases in operating expenses or the risk of damage to the property or the potential for economic gain or appreciation with respect to the property. |
In addition, federal income tax law provides that a contract that purports to be a service contract or a partnership agreement will be treated instead as a lease of property if the contract is properly treated as such, taking into account all relevant factors, including whether or not:
| the service recipient is in physical possession of the property; | |
| the service recipient controls the property; | |
| the service recipient has a significant economic or possessory interest in the property, or whether the propertys use is likely to be dedicated to the service recipient for a substantial portion of the useful life of the property, the recipient shares the risk that the property will decline in value, the recipient shares in any appreciation in the value of the property, the recipient shares in savings in the propertys operating costs, or the recipient bears the risk of damage to or loss of the property; | |
| the service provider bears the risk of substantially diminished receipts or substantially increased expenditures if there is nonperformance under the contract; | |
| the service provider uses the property concurrently to provide significant services to entities unrelated to the service recipient; and | |
| the total contract price substantially exceeds the rental value of the property for the contract period. |
Since the determination whether a service contract should be treated as a lease is inherently factual, the presence or absence of any single factor will not be dispositive in every case.
We believe that the percentage leases will be treated as true leases for federal income tax purposes. Such belief is based, in part, on the following facts:
| the Partnerships, on the one hand, and Ashford TRS, on the other hand, intend for their relationship to be that of a lessor and lessee and such relationship is documented by lease agreements; | |
| Ashford TRS has the right to the exclusive possession, use, and quiet enjoyment of the hotels during the term of the percentage leases; | |
| Ashford TRS bears the cost of, and is responsible for, day-to-day maintenance and repair of the hotels and generally dictates how the hotels are operated, maintained, and improved; | |
| Ashford TRS bears all of the costs and expenses of operating the hotels, including the cost of any inventory used in their operation, during the term of the percentage leases, other than real estate; | |
| Ashford TRS benefits from any savings in the costs of operating the hotels during the term of the percentage leases; | |
| Ashford TRS generally has indemnified the Partnerships against all liabilities imposed on the Partnerships during the term of the percentage leases by reason of (1) injury to persons or damage to property occurring at the hotels, (2) Ashford TRS use, management, maintenance, or repair of |
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the hotels, (3) any environmental liability caused by acts or grossly negligent failures to act of Ashford TRS, (4) taxes and assessments in respect of the hotels that are the obligations of Ashford TRS, or (5) any breach of the percentage leases or of any sublease of a hotel by Ashford TRS; | ||
| Ashford TRS is obligated to pay substantial fixed rent for the period of use of the hotels; | |
| Ashford TRS stands to incur substantial losses or reap substantial gains depending on how successfully it operate the hotels; | |
| the Partnerships cannot use the hotels concurrently to provide significant services to entities unrelated to Ashford TRS; and | |
| the total contract price under the percentage leases does not substantially exceed the rental value of the hotels for the term of the percentage leases. |
Investors should be aware that there are no controlling Treasury regulations, published rulings, or judicial decisions involving leases with terms substantially the same as the percentage leases that discuss whether such leases constitute true leases for federal income tax purposes. If the percentage leases are characterized as service contracts or partnership agreements, rather than as true leases, part or all of the payments that the Partnerships receive from Ashford TRS may not be considered rent or may not otherwise satisfy the various requirements for qualification as rents from real property. In that case, we likely would not be able to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income test and, as a result, would lose our REIT status.
As described above, in order for the rent received by us to constitute rents from real property, several other requirements must be satisfied. One requirement is that the percentage rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. The percentage rent, however, will qualify as rents from real property if it is based on percentages of gross receipts or gross sales and the percentages:
| are fixed at the time the percentage leases are entered into; | |
| are not renegotiated during the term of the percentage leases in a manner that has the effect of basing percentage rent on income or profits; and | |
| conform with normal business practice. |
More generally, the percentage rent will not qualify as rents from real property if, considering the percentage leases and all the surrounding circumstances, the arrangement does not conform with normal business practice, but is in reality used as a means of basing the percentage rent on income or profits. Since the percentage rent is based on fixed percentages of the gross revenues from the hotels that are established in the percentage leases, and we have represented to Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. that the percentages (1) will not be renegotiated during the terms of the percentage leases in a manner that has the effect of basing the percentage rent on income or profits and (2) conform with normal business practice, the percentage rent should not be considered based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. Furthermore, we have represented to Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. that, with respect to other hotel properties that we acquire in the future, we will not charge rent for any property that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person, except by reason of being based on a fixed percentage of gross revenues, as described above.
Another requirement for qualification of our rent as rents from real property is that we must not own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the stock of any corporate lessee or 10% or more of the assets or net profits of any non-corporate lessee (a related party tenant). This rule, however, does not apply to rents for hotels leased to a TRS if an eligible independent contractor operates the hotel for the TRS.
A third requirement for qualification of our rent as rents from real property is that the rent attributable to the personal property leased in connection with the lease of a hotel must not be greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease. The rent attributable to the personal property
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A fourth requirement for qualification of our rent as rents from real property is that, other than within the 1% de minimis exception described above (i.e., we may provide a minimal amount of non-customary services to the tenants of a property, other than through an independent contractor, as long as our income from the services does not exceed 1% of our income from the related property) and other than through a TRS, we cannot furnish or render noncustomary services to the tenants of our hotels, or manage or operate our hotels, other than through an independent contractor who is adequately compensated and from whom we do not derive or receive any income. Provided that the percentage leases are respected as true leases, we should satisfy that requirement, because the Partnerships will not perform any services other than customary services for Ashford TRS. Furthermore, we have represented that, with respect to other hotel properties that we acquire in the future, we will not perform noncustomary services for Ashford TRS.
If a portion of our rent from a hotel does not qualify as rents from real property because the rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent for a taxable year, the portion of the rent that is attributable to personal property will not be qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or 95% gross income test. Thus, if such rent attributable to personal property, plus any other income that is nonqualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, during a taxable year exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we would lose our REIT status. If, however, the rent from a particular hotel does not qualify as rents from real property because either (1) the percentage rent is considered based on the income or profits of the related lessee, (2) the lessee is a related party tenant other than a TRS, or (3) we furnish noncustomary services to the tenants of the hotel, or manage or operate the hotel, other than through a qualifying independent contractor or a TRS, none of the rent from that hotel would qualify as rents from real property. In that case, we likely would be unable to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income test and, as a result, would lose our REIT status.
In addition to the rent, the TRS is required to pay to the Partnerships certain additional charges. To the extent that such additional charges represent either (1) reimbursements of amounts that the Partnerships are obligated to pay to third parties or (2) penalties for nonpayment or late payment of such amounts, such charges should qualify as rents from real property. However, to the extent that such charges represent interest that is accrued on the late payment of the rent or additional charges, such charges will not qualify as rents from real property, but instead should be treated as interest that qualifies for the 95% gross income test.
Interest
The term interest generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the determination of such amount depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term interest solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales. Furthermore, to the extent that interest from a loan that is based on the residual cash proceeds from the sale of the property securing the loan constitutes a shared appreciation provision, income attributable to such participation feature will be treated as gain from the sale of the secured property.
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Prohibited Transactions
A REIT will incur a 100% tax on the net income derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Whether a REIT holds an asset primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to time, including those related to a particular asset. We believe that none of the assets owned by the Partnerships is held for sale to customers and that a sale of any such asset would not be in the ordinary course of the owning entitys business. We will attempt to comply with the terms of safe-harbor provisions in the federal income tax laws prescribing when an asset sale will not be characterized as a prohibited transaction. We cannot provide assurance, however, that we can comply with such safe-harbor provisions or that the Partnerships will avoid owning property that may be characterized as property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
Foreclosure Property
We will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income from foreclosure property, other than income that would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses directly connected with the production of such income. However, gross income from such foreclosure property will qualify for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Foreclosure property is any real property, including interests in real property, and any personal property incident to such real property:
| that is acquired by a REIT as the result of such REIT having bid in such property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced such property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default or default was imminent on a lease of such property or on an indebtedness that such property secured; and | |
| for which such REIT makes a proper election to treat such property as foreclosure property. |
However, a REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a property where the REIT takes control of the property as a mortgagee-in-possession and cannot receive any profit or sustain any loss except as a creditor of the mortgagor. Property generally ceases to be foreclosure property with respect to a REIT at the end of the third taxable year following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired such property, or longer if an extension is granted by the Secretary of the Treasury. The foregoing grace period is terminated and foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first day:
| on which a lease is entered into with respect to such property that, by its terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test or any amount is received or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered into on or after such day that will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test; | |
| on which any construction takes place on such property, other than completion of a building, or any other improvement, where more than 10% of the construction of such building or other improvement was completed before default became imminent; or | |
| which is more than 90 days after the day on which such property was acquired by the REIT and the property is used in a trade or business which is conducted by the REIT, other than through an independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive or receive any income. |
As a result of the rules with respect to foreclosure property, if a lessee defaults on its obligations under a percentage lease, we terminate the lessees leasehold interest, and we are unable to find a replacement lessee for the hotel within 90 days of such foreclosure, gross income from hotel operations conducted by us from such hotel would cease to qualify for the 75% and 95% gross income tests unless we are able to hire an independent contractor to manage and operate the hotel. In such event, we might be unable to satisfy the 75% and 95% gross income tests and, thus, might fail to qualify as a REIT.
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Hedging Transactions
From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase such items, and futures and forward contracts. To the extent that we enter into an interest rate swap or cap contract, option, futures contract, forward rate agreement, or any similar financial instrument to hedge our indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets, any periodic income or gain from the disposition of such contract should be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test. To the extent that we hedge with other types of financial instruments, or in other situations, it is not entirely clear how the income from those transactions will be treated for purposes of the gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT. The REIT income and asset rules may limit our ability to hedge loans or securities acquired as investments.
Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income tests for any taxable year, we nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for such year if we qualify for relief under certain provisions of the federal income tax laws. Those relief provisions generally will be available if:
| our failure to meet such tests is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect; | |
| we attach a schedule of the sources of our income to our tax return; and | |
| any incorrect information on the schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. |
We cannot predict, however, whether in all circumstances we would qualify for the relief provisions. In addition, as discussed above in Taxation of our Company, even if the relief provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross income attributable to the greater of the amounts by which we fail the 75% and 95% gross income tests, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
Asset Tests
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we also must satisfy the following asset tests at the close of each quarter of each taxable year:
| First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must consist of: | |
| cash or cash items, including certain receivables; | |
| government securities; | |
| interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to acquire real property and leaseholds; | |
| interests in mortgages on real property; | |
| stock in other REITs; and | |
| investments in stock or debt instruments during the one-year period following our receipt of new capital that we raise through equity offerings or offerings of debt with at least a five-year term. | |
| Second, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, the value of our interest in any one issuers securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets. | |
| Third, we may not own more than 10% of the voting power or value of any one issuers outstanding securities. | |
| Fourth, no more than 20% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of one or more TRSs. |
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For purposes of the second and third asset tests, the term securities does not include stock in another REIT, equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT subsidiary or TRS, or equity interests in a partnership. The 10% value test does not take into account straight debt issued by an individual or any entity if we hold no other securities issued by such entity, or by a partnership if we own at least a 20% profits interest in the partnership.
If we should fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, we would not lose our REIT status if (1) we satisfied the asset tests at the close of the preceding calendar quarter and (2) the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of one or more non-qualifying assets. If we did not satisfy the condition described in clause (2) of the preceding sentence, we still could avoid disqualification as a REIT by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which the discrepancy arose.
Distribution Requirements
Each taxable year, we must distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at least equal to:
| the sum of (1) 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain or loss, and (2) 90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property; minus | |
| the sum of certain items of non-cash income. |
We must pay such distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if we declare the distribution before we timely file our federal income tax return for such year and pay the distribution on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such declaration.
We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to our stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a calendar year, or by the end of January following such calendar year in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, at least the sum of:
| 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; | |
| 95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year; and | |
| any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, |
we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts we actually distributed. We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain we receive in a taxable year. See Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders. If we so elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such retained amount for purposes of the 4% excise tax described above. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements.
It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing differences between (1) the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses and (2) the inclusion of that income and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable income. For example, under some of the percentage leases, the percentage rent is not due until after the end of the calendar quarter. In that case, we still would be required to recognize as income the excess of the percentage rent over the base rent paid by the lessee in the calendar quarter to which such excess relates. In addition, we may not deduct recognized capital losses from our REIT taxable income. Further, it is possible that, from time to time, we may be allocated a share of net capital gain attributable to the sale of depreciated property that exceeds our allocable share of cash attributable to that sale. As a result of the foregoing, we may have less cash than is necessary to distribute all of our taxable income and thereby avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income. In such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or issue additional common or preferred shares.
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Under certain circumstances, we may be able to correct a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying deficiency dividends to our stockholders in a later year. We may include such deficiency dividends in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, we will be required to pay interest to the Internal Revenue Service based upon the amount of any deduction we take for deficiency dividends.
Recordkeeping Requirements
To avoid a monetary penalty, we must request on an annual basis information from our stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding shares of common stock. We intend to comply with such requirements.
Failure to Qualify
If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and no relief provision applied, we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and any applicable alternative minimum tax. In calculating our taxable income in a year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT, we would not be able to deduct amounts paid out to stockholders. In fact, we would not be required to distribute any amounts to stockholders in such year. In such event, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, all distributions to stockholders would be taxable as ordinary income. Subject to certain limitations of the federal income tax laws, corporate stockholders might be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless we qualified for relief under specific statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. We cannot predict whether in all circumstances we would qualify for such statutory relief.
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders
As used herein, the term U.S. stockholder means a holder of our common stock that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is:
| a citizen or resident of the United States; | |
| a corporation or partnership (including an entity treated as a corporation or partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of a political subdivision thereof; | |
| an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or | |
| any trust if (1) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person. |
As long as we qualify as a REIT, (1) a taxable U.S. stockholder must take into account distributions that are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits and that we do not designate as capital gain dividends or retained long-term capital gain as ordinary income, and (2) a U.S. stockholder will not qualify for the dividends received deduction generally available to corporations.
A U.S. stockholder generally will recognize distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends as long-term capital gain without regard to the period for which the U.S. stockholder has held our common stock. We generally will designate our capital gain dividends as either 15% or 25% rate distributions. A corporate U.S. stockholder, however, may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income.
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain that we receive in a taxable year. In that case, a U.S. stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our
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To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such distribution will not be taxable to a U.S. stockholder to the extent that it does not exceed the adjusted tax basis of the U.S. stockholders common stock. Instead, such distribution will reduce the adjusted tax basis of such common stock. To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the U.S. stockholders adjusted tax basis in its common stock, such stockholder will recognize long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the common stock has been held for one year or less, assuming the common stock is a capital asset in the hands of the U.S. stockholder. In addition, if we declare a distribution in October, November, or December of any year that is payable to a U.S. stockholder of record on a specified date in any such month, such distribution shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the U.S. stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided that we actually pay the distribution during January of the following calendar year.
Stockholders may not include in their individual income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses. Instead, we would carry over such losses for potential offset against our future income generally. Taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our common stock will not be treated as passive activity income, and, therefore, stockholders generally will not be able to apply any passive activity losses, such as losses from certain types of limited partnerships in which the stockholder is a limited partner, against such income. In addition, taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of the common stock generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitations. We will notify stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to the portions of the distributions attributable to that year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital, and capital gain.
Taxation of U.S. Stockholders on the Disposition of Common Stock
In general, a U.S. stockholder who is not a dealer in securities must treat any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of our common stock as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. stockholder has held the common stock for more than one year and otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. However, a U.S. stockholder must treat any loss upon a sale or exchange of common stock held by such stockholder for six months or less as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any actual or deemed distributions from us that such U.S. stockholder previously has characterized as long-term capital gain. All or a portion of any loss that a U.S. stockholder realizes upon a taxable disposition of the common stock may be disallowed if the U.S. stockholder purchases other common stock within 30 days before or after the disposition.
Capital Gains and Losses
A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for more than one year for gain or loss derived from its sale or exchange to be treated as long-term capital gain or loss. The highest marginal individual income tax rate is 35%. The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain applicable to non-corporate taxpayers is 15% for sales and exchanges of assets held for more than one year. The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from the sale or exchange of section 1250 property, or depreciable real property, is 25% to the extent that such gain would have been treated as ordinary income if the property were section 1245 property. With respect to distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends and any retained capital gain that we are deemed to distribute, we generally may designate whether such a distribution is taxable to our non-corporate stockholders at a 15% or 25% rate. Thus, the tax rate differential between capital gain and ordinary income for non-corporate taxpayers may be significant. In addition, the characterization of income as capital gain or ordinary income may affect the deductibility of capital losses. A non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses not offset by capital gains against its ordinary income only up to a
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Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
We will report to our stockholders and to the Internal Revenue Service the amount of distributions we pay during each calendar year and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at the rate of 28% with respect to distributions unless such holder:
| is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or | |
| provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. |
A stockholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholders income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us. See Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they are subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income. While many investments in real estate generate unrelated business taxable income, the Internal Revenue Service has issued a published ruling that dividend distributions from a REIT to an exempt employee pension trust do not constitute unrelated business taxable income, provided that the exempt employee pension trust does not otherwise use the shares of the REIT in an unrelated trade or business of the pension trust. Based on that ruling, amounts that we distribute to tax-exempt stockholders generally should not constitute unrelated business taxable income. However, if a tax-exempt stockholder were to finance its acquisition of our common stock with debt, a portion of the income that it receives from us would constitute unrelated business taxable income pursuant to the debt-financed property rules. Furthermore, social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under special provisions of the federal income tax laws are subject to different unrelated business taxable income rules, which generally will require them to characterize distributions that they receive from us as unrelated business taxable income. Finally, if we are a pension-held REIT, a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust that owns more than 10% of our shares of common stock is required to treat a percentage of the dividends that it receives from us as unrelated business taxable income. That percentage is equal to the gross income that we derive from an unrelated trade or business, determined as if we were a pension trust, divided by our total gross income for the year in which we pay the dividends. That rule applies to a pension trust holding more than 10% of our shares of common stock only if:
| the percentage of our dividends that the tax-exempt trust would be required to treat as unrelated business taxable income is at least 5%; | |
| we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule requiring that no more than 50% of our common stock be owned by five or fewer individuals that allows the beneficiaries of the pension |
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trust to be treated as holding our common stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the pension trust (see Requirements for Qualification above); and | ||
| either (1) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our common stock or (2) a group of pension trusts individually holding more than 10% of the value of our common stock collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our common stock. |
The ownership and transfer restrictions in our charter reduce the risk that we may become a pension-held REIT.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders
The rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships, and other foreign stockholders (collectively, non-U.S. stockholders) are complex. This section is only a summary of such rules. We urge non-U.S. stockholders to consult their own tax advisors to determine the impact of federal, state, and local income tax laws on ownership of our common stock, including any reporting requirements.
A non-U.S. stockholder that receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests, as defined below, and that we do not designate as a capital gain dividend will recognize ordinary income to the extent that we pay such distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution ordinarily will apply to such distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax. However, if a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholders conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to federal income tax on the distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect to such distributions. A non-U.S. stockholder that is a corporation also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax with respect to the distribution. We plan to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any such distribution paid to a non-U.S. stockholder unless either:
| a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. stockholder files an IRS Form W-8BEN evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate with us; or | |
| the non-U.S. stockholder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income. |
A non-U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the excess portion of such distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of its common stock. Instead, the excess portion of such distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of such common stock. A non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to tax on a distribution that exceeds both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the adjusted basis of its common stock, if the non-U.S. stockholder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the sale or disposition of its common stock, as described below. Because we generally cannot determine at the time we make a distribution whether or not the distribution will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we normally will withhold tax on the entire amount of any distribution at the same rate as we would withhold on a dividend. However, a non-U.S. stockholder may obtain a refund of amounts that we withhold if we later determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
We must withhold 10% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Consequently, although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on the entire amount of any distribution, to the extent that we do not do so, we will withhold at a rate of 10% on any portion of a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%.
For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, a non-U.S. stockholder will incur tax on distributions that are attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests under special provisions of the federal income tax laws referred to as FIRPTA. The term U.S. real property interests includes certain interests in real property and stock in corporations at least 50% of whose assets consists of
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A non-U.S. stockholder generally will not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain realized upon a disposition of our common stock as long as at all times non-U.S. persons hold, directly or indirectly, less than 50% in value of our common stock. We cannot assure you that that test will be met. However, a non-U.S. stockholder that owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less of our common stock at all times during a specified testing period will not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to any such gain if the common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market. To the extent that our common stock will be regularly traded on an established securities market, a non-U.S. stockholder will not incur tax under FIRPTA unless it owns more than 5% of our common stock. If the gain on the sale of the common stock were taxed under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder would be taxed in the same manner as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. Furthermore, a non-U.S. stockholder will incur tax on gain not subject to FIRPTA if (1) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholders U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain, or (2) the non-U.S. stockholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a tax home in the United States, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will incur a 30% tax on his capital gains.
Changes in Federal Income Tax Laws
On May 28, 2003, President Bush signed into law the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. Pursuant to this law, corporate dividends received by an individual are generally taxed at the reduced capital gains rates. Ordinary dividends received from a REIT are not eligible for the reduced rates. Only REIT dividends attributable to income taxed at the REIT level are eligible for the reduced rates. This law may cause some investments in corporations to be more attractive to individual investors when compared to an investment in our common stock and could materially affect the value of our common stock.
Other Tax Consequences
Tax Aspects of Our Investments in the Partnerships
The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax considerations applicable to our direct or indirect investments in our operating partnership and subsidiary partnerships, limited liability companies, and joint ventures (each individually a Partnership and, collectively, the Partnerships). The discussion does not cover state or local tax laws or any federal tax laws other than income tax laws.
Classification as Partnerships. We are entitled to include in our income our distributive share of each Partnerships income and to deduct our distributive share of each Partnerships losses only if such Partnership is classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity has only one owner or member), rather than as a corporation
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| is treated as a partnership under Treasury regulations, effective January 1, 1997, relating to entity classification (the check-the-box regulations); and | |
| is not a publicly traded partnership. |
Under the check-the-box regulations, an unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members may elect to be classified either as an association taxable as a corporation or as a partnership. If such an entity fails to make an election, it generally will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. Each Partnership intends to be classified as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity has only one owner or member) for federal income tax purposes, and no Partnership will elect to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation under the check-the-box regulations.
A publicly traded partnership is a partnership whose interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. A publicly traded partnership will not, however, be treated as a corporation for any taxable year if 90% or more of the partnerships gross income for such year consists of certain passive-type income, including real property rents (which includes rents that would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, with certain modifications that make it easier for the rents to qualify for the 90% passive income exception), gains from the sale or other disposition of real property, interest, and dividends (the 90% passive income exception).
Treasury regulations (the PTP regulations) provide limited safe harbors from the definition of a publicly traded partnership. Pursuant to one of those safe harbors (the private placement exclusion), interests in a partnership will not be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof if (1) all interests in the partnership were issued in a transaction or transactions that were not required to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (2) the partnership does not have more than 100 partners at any time during the partnerships taxable year. In determining the number of partners in a partnership, a person owning an interest in a partnership, grantor trust, or S corporation that owns an interest in the partnership is treated as a partner in such partnership only if (1) substantially all of the value of the owners interest in the entity is attributable to the entitys direct or indirect interest in the partnership and (2) a principal purpose of the use of the entity is to permit the partnership to satisfy the 100-partner limitation. Each Partnership qualifies for the private placement exclusion.
We have not requested, and do not intend to request, a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service that the Partnerships will be classified as partnerships (or disregarded entities, if the entity has only one owner or member) for federal income tax purposes. If for any reason a Partnership were taxable as a corporation, rather than as a partnership, for federal income tax purposes, we likely would not be able to qualify as a REIT. See Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT Requirements for Qualification Income Tests and Requirements for Qualification Asset Tests. In addition, any change in a Partnerships status for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event, in which case we might incur tax liability without any related cash distribution. See Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT Requirements for Qualification Distribution Requirements. Further, items of income and deduction of such Partnership would not pass through to its partners, and its partners would be treated as stockholders for tax purposes. Consequently, such Partnership would be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on its net income, and distributions to its partners would constitute dividends that would not be deductible in computing such Partnerships taxable income.
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Income Taxation of the Partnerships and their Partners
Partners, Not the Partnerships, Subject to Tax. A partnership is not a taxable entity for federal income tax purposes. Rather, we are required to take into account our allocable share of each Partnerships income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits for any taxable year of such Partnership ending within or with our taxable year, without regard to whether we have received or will receive any distribution from such Partnership.
Partnership Allocations. Although a partnership agreement generally will determine the allocation of income and losses among partners, such allocations will be disregarded for tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations. If an allocation is not recognized for federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners interests in the partnership, which will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to such item. Each Partnerships allocations of taxable income, gain, and loss are intended to comply with the requirements of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations.
Tax Allocations With Respect to Contributed Properties. Income, gain, loss, and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of such unrealized gain or unrealized loss (built-in gain or built-in loss) is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of the contributed property at the time of contribution and the adjusted tax basis of such property at the time of contribution (a book-tax difference). Such allocations are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. The U.S. Treasury Department has issued regulations requiring partnerships to use a reasonable method for allocating items with respect to which there is a book-tax difference and outlining several reasonable allocation methods.
Under our operating partnerships partnership agreement, depreciation or amortization deductions of the operating partnership generally will be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective interests in the operating partnership, except to the extent that the operating partnership is required under the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations to use a method for allocating tax depreciation deductions attributable to contributed properties that results in our receiving a disproportionate share of such deductions. In addition, gain or loss on the sale of a property that has been contributed, in whole or in part, to the operating partnership will be specially allocated to the contributing partners to the extent of any built-in or loss gain with respect to such property for federal income tax purposes.
Basis in Partnership Interest. Our adjusted tax basis in our partnership interest in the operating partnership generally is equal to:
| the amount of cash and the basis of any other property contributed by us to the operating partnership; | |
| increased by our allocable share of the operating partnerships income and our allocable share of indebtedness of the operating partnership; and | |
| reduced, but not below zero, by our allocable share of the operating partnerships loss and the amount of cash distributed to us, and by constructive distributions resulting from a reduction in our share of indebtedness of the operating partnership. |
If the allocation of our distributive share of the operating partnerships loss would reduce the adjusted tax basis of our partnership interest in the operating partnership below zero, the recognition of such loss will be deferred until such time as the recognition of such loss would not reduce our adjusted tax basis below zero. To the extent that the operating partnerships distributions, or any decrease in our share of the indebtedness of the operating partnership, which is considered a constructive cash distribution to the
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Depreciation Deductions Available to the Operating Partnership. To the extent that the operating partnership acquires its hotels in exchange for cash, its initial basis in such hotels for federal income tax purposes generally was or will be equal to the purchase price paid by the operating partnership. The operating partnership depreciates such depreciable hotel property under either the modified accelerated cost recovery system of depreciation (MACRS) or the alternative depreciation system of depreciation (ADS). The operating partnership uses MACRS for furnishings and equipment. Under MACRS, the operating partnership generally depreciates such furnishings and equipment over a seven-year recovery period using a 200% declining balance method and a half-year convention. If, however, the operating partnership places more than 40% of its furnishings and equipment in service during the last three months of a taxable year, a mid-quarter depreciation convention must be used for the furnishings and equipment placed in service during that year. The operating partnership use ADS for buildings and improvements. Under ADS, the operating partnership generally depreciates such buildings and improvements over a 40-year recovery period using a straight-line method and a mid-month convention.
To the extent that the operating partnership acquires hotels in exchange for its units of limited partnership interest, its initial basis in each hotel for federal income tax purposes should be the same as the transferors basis in that hotel on the date of acquisition. Although the law is not entirely clear, the operating partnership generally depreciates such depreciable property for federal income tax purposes over the same remaining useful lives and under the same methods used by the transferors. The operating partnerships tax depreciation deductions are allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective interests in the operating partnership, except to the extent that the operating partnership is required under the federal income tax laws to use a method for allocating depreciation deductions attributable to the hotels or other contributed properties that results in our receiving a disproportionately large share of such deductions.
Sale of a Partnerships Property
Generally, any gain realized by us or a Partnership on the sale of property held for more than one year will be long-term capital gain, except for any portion of such gain that is treated as depreciation or cost recovery recapture. Any gain or loss recognized by a Partnership on the disposition of contributed properties will be allocated first to the partners who contributed such properties to the extent of their built-in gain or loss on those properties for federal income tax purposes. The partners built-in gain or loss on such contributed properties will equal the difference between the partners proportionate share of the book value of those properties and the partners tax basis allocable to those properties at the time of the contribution. Any remaining gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of the contributed properties, and any gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of the other properties, will be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the Partnership.
Our share of any gain realized by a Partnership on the sale of any property held by the Partnership as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of the Partnerships trade or business will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Such prohibited transaction income also may have an adverse effect upon our ability to satisfy the income tests for REIT status. See Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT Requirements for Qualification Income Tests. We, however, do not presently intend to acquire or hold or to allow any Partnership to acquire or hold any property that represents inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our or such Partnerships trade or business.
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Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
As described above, we will own 100% of the stock of our TRS, Ashford TRS Corporation. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation for which a TRS election is properly made. A TRS may lease hotels from us under certain circumstances, provide services to our tenants, and perform activities unrelated to our tenants, such as third-party management, development, and other independent business activities. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 20% of the value of our assets may consist of securities of one or more TRSs, and no more than 25% of the value of our assets may consist of the securities of TRSs and other assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test.
A TRS may not directly or indirectly operate or manage any hotels or health care facilities or provide rights to any brand name under which any hotel or health care facility is operated. However, rents received by us from a TRS pursuant to a hotel lease will qualify as rents from real property as long as the hotel is operated on behalf of the TRS by a person who satisfies the following requirements:
| such person is, or is related to a person who is, actively engaged in the trade or business of operating qualified lodging facilities for any person unrelated to us and the TRS; | |
| such person does not own, directly or indirectly, more than 35% of our common stock; | |
| no more than 35% of such person is owned, directly or indirectly, by one or more persons owning 35% or more of our common stock; and | |
| we do not directly or indirectly derive any income from such person. |
A qualified lodging facility is a hotel, motel, or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis, unless wagering activities are conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. A qualified lodging facility includes customary amenities and facilities operated as part of, or associated with, the lodging facility as long as such amenities and facilities are customary for other properties of a comparable size and class owned by other unrelated owners.
The TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to us to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. Further, the rules impose a 100% excise tax on transactions between a TRS and us or our tenants that are not conducted on an arms-length basis.
We have formed and made a timely election with respect to Ashford TRS Corporation, which, upon completion of this offering, will lease each of our initial properties. Additionally, we may form or acquire additional TRSs in the future.
State and Local Taxes
We and/or you may be subject to state and local tax in various states and localities, including those states and localities in which we or you transact business, own property, or reside. The state and local tax treatment in such jurisdictions may differ from the federal income tax treatment described above. Consequently, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the effect of state and local tax laws upon an investment in our common stock.
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UNDERWRITING
Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc., Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated and Credit Lyonnais Securities (USA) Inc. are acting as the underwriters. This offering is being made on a firm commitment basis. Subject to the terms and conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and the underwriters have severally agreed to purchase from us, the shares offered by this prospectus in the amounts set forth below:
Number of | ||||
Underwriters | Shares | |||
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Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co.,
Inc.
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Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated
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Credit Lyonnais Securities (USA) Inc.
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The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all shares of our common stock offered (other than those covered by the over-allotment option described below) if any of the shares are taken.
We have granted the underwriters an option exercisable for 30 days after the date of this prospectus to purchase up to 5,250,000 additional shares of common stock to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. If the underwriters exercise this option, the underwriters will have a firm commitment, subject to certain conditions, to purchase all of the shares for which the option is exercised.
The following table shows the amount per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions we will pay to the underwriters. The amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters option to purchase up to 5,250,000 additional shares of our common stock to cover over-allotments.
Total | ||||||||||||
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Per | No | Full | ||||||||||
Share | Exercise | Exercise | ||||||||||
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Public offering price
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Underwriting discounts and commission to be paid
by us
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Proceeds, before expenses, to us
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In connection with the closing of this offering, we have agreed to issue to Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc., as partial consideration for its services in connection with this offering, .225% of our fully-diluted shares of common stock outstanding upon completion of this offering, excluding the restricted shares to be issued to our executive officers. The securities to be acquired by Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. and its related persons will be restricted from sale, transfer, assignment or hypothecation for a period of one year from the effective date of the offering, except to officers or partners (but not directors) of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. and members of the selling group and their officers and partners. We have also agreed to reimburse Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. for certain expenses in connection with this offering, which we estimate to be approximately $200,000. Other than the underwriting discounts and commissions, the shares of common stock and up to $200,000 of expense reimbursement described above, there are no other items of compensation being received by the underwriters or related persons in the offering. In no event shall the total aggregate underwriting compensation exceed 9.5% of gross offering proceeds in the aggregate, except for bona fide due diligence expenses not to exceed 0.5% of gross offering proceeds in the aggregate. In addition to the items of compensation to be paid to the underwriters in connection with this offering, until September 11, 2004, we have appointed Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. to act as lead underwriter or placement agent in connection with any public or private offering of our equity securities and to act as our financial advisor in connection with any purchase or sale of stock, merger, corporate acquisition, business combination or other strategic combination in which we may engage.
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Each of our officers and directors has agreed with the underwriters, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock owned by such officer or director, including any interests in the operating partnership, without the prior written consent of the underwriters. We have also agreed with the underwriters, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell or issue any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock, or file any registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (except a registration statement on Form S-8 relating to our stock plan), without the prior written consent of the underwriters, except that we may make grants of stock options or restricted stock under our stock plan and issue shares upon exercise of those options and we may issue shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock in connection with acquisitions of real property and acquisitions of loans with respect to real property. However, the underwriters may, in their sole discretion and at any time without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to these agreements.
The underwriters propose to offer our common stock directly to the public at $ per share and to certain dealers at this price less a concession not in excess of $ per share. The underwriters may allow, and the dealers may re-allow, a concession not in excess of $ per share to certain other dealers. In connection with this offering, we expect to incur expenses of approximately $2,750,000.
At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to 3% of the common stock being offered by this prospectus for sale to our directors, employees, business associates and related persons at the public offering price, less an amount equal to the underwriting discount. The sales will be made by the underwriters through a directed share program. We do not know if these persons will choose to purchase all or any portion of this reserved common stock, but any purchases they do make will reduce the number of shares available to the general public. These persons must commit to purchase no later than the close of business on the day following the date of this prospectus. Any directors, employees or other persons purchasing such reserved common stock will be prohibited from selling such stock for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. The common stock issued in connection with the directed share program will be issued as part of the underwritten offer.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our common stock, including:
| short sales; | |
| syndicate covering transactions; | |
| imposition of penalty bids; and | |
| purchases to cover positions created by short sales. |
Stabilizing transactions consist of bids or purchases made for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock while this offering is in progress. Stabilizing transactions may include making short sales of our common stock, which involves the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of common stock than they are required to purchase in this offering, and purchasing common stock from us or in the open market to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be covered shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than the underwriters over-allotment option referred to above, or may be naked shorts, which are short positions in excess of that amount.
The underwriters may close out any covered short position either by exercising their over-allotment option, in whole or in part, or by purchasing shares in the open market. In making this determination, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open
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A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchased in this offering. To the extent that the underwriters create a naked short position, they will purchase shares in the open market to cover the position.
The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid on selling group members. This means that if the underwriters purchase shares in the open market in stabilizing transactions or to cover short sales, the underwriters can require the selling group members that sold those shares as part of this offering to repay the selling concession received by them.
As a result of these activities, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the underwriters commence these activities, they may discontinue them at any time. The underwriters may carry out these transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
The underwriters or their affiliates may provide us with investment banking, financial advisory, or commercial banking services in the future, for which they may receive customary compensation.
The underwriters may confirm sales of the common stock offered by this prospectus to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority but do not expect those sales to exceed 5% of the total common stock offered by this prospectus.
We have applied and expect to list the shares of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to approval and official notice of issuance, under the symbol AHT. In connection with the listing of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange, the underwriters will undertake to sell round lots of 100 shares or more to a minimum of 2,000 beneficial owners.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. Consequently, the initial public offering price for our common stock has been determined by negotiations among us and the underwriters. Among the primary factors considered in determining the initial public offering price were:
| prevailing market conditions; | |
| our capital structure; | |
| the present stage of our development; | |
| the value and historical performance of the contributed properties; | |
| the market capitalization and stage of development of other companies that we and the underwriters believe to be comparable to us; and | |
| estimates of our business potential and earning prospects. |
A prospectus in electronic format may be available on the Internet sites or through other online services maintained by one or more of the underwriters and selling group members participating in this offering, or by their affiliates. In those cases, prospective investors may view offering terms online and, depending upon the underwriter or the selling group member, prospective investors may be allowed to place orders online. The underwriters may agree with us to allocate a specific number of shares for sale to online brokerage account holders. Any such allocation for online distributions will be made by the underwriters on the same basis as other allocations.
Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on any underwriters or selling group members web site and any information contained in any other web site maintained by any underwriter or selling group member is not part of the prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved or endorsed by us or any underwriter or selling group member in its capacity as underwriter or selling group member and should not be relied upon by investors.
151
EXPERTS
The combined balance sheets as of December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the related combined statements of operations, owners equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2002 and related schedule, have been included in this prospectus and in the registration statement in reliance upon the reports of Ernst & Young LLP, independent accountants, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
REPORTS TO STOCKHOLDERS
We will furnish our stockholders with annual reports containing consolidated financial statements audited by our independent certified public accountants and with quarterly reports containing unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for each of the first three quarters of each fiscal year.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Andrews & Kurth L.L.P., Dallas, Texas. In addition, the description of federal income tax consequences contained in the section of the prospectus entitled Federal Income Tax Consequences of our Status as a REIT is based on the opinion of Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. Certain legal matters related to this offering will be passed upon for the underwriter by Alston & Bird LLP, Raleigh, North Carolina. Andrews & Kurth L.L.P. and Alston & Bird LLP will rely on the opinion of Hogan & Hartson L.L.P., Baltimore, Maryland as to all matters of Maryland law.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement on Form S-11, including exhibits, schedules and amendments filed with this registration statement, under the Securities Act with respect to our common stock to be sold in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information with respect to our company and our common stock to be sold in this offering, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete and, where that contract is an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the exhibit to which the reference relates. Copies of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement, may be examined without charge at the public reference room of the Securities and Exchange Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024, Washington, DC 20549. Information about the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0300. Copies of all or a portion of the registration statement can be obtained from the public reference room of the Securities and Exchange Commission upon payment of prescribed fees. Our Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including our registration statement, are also available to you on the Securities and Exchange Commissions Web site at www.sec.gov .
AS A RESULT OF THIS OFFERING, WE WILL BECOME SUBJECT TO THE INFORMATION AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED, AND WILL FILE PERIODIC REPORTS AND PROXY STATEMENTS AND WILL MAKE AVAILABLE TO OUR STOCKHOLDERS ANNUAL REPORTS CONTAINING AUDITED FINANCIAL INFORMATION FOR EACH YEAR AND QUARTERLY REPORTS FOR THE FIRST THREE QUARTERS OF EACH FISCAL YEAR CONTAINING UNAUDITED INTERIM FINANCIAL INFORMATION.
152
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Independent Auditors Report
|
F-2 | |||
Combined Balance Sheets
|
F-3 | |||
Combined Statements of Operations
|
F-4 | |||
Combined Statements of Owners Equity
|
F-5 | |||
Combined Statements of Cash Flow
|
F-6 | |||
Notes to Combined Financial Statements
|
F-7 | |||
Schedule III Real Estate and
Accumulated Depreciation
|
F-18 |
F-1
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS REPORT
We have audited the accompanying combined balance
sheets of the Company, as defined in Note 1, as of
December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the related combined
statements of operations, owners equity, and cash flows
for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2002. Our audits also included the
accompanying financial statement Schedule III
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation. These financial
statements and schedule are the responsibility of the
Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our
audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with
auditing standards generally accepted in the United States.
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred
to above present fairly, in all material respects, the combined
financial position of the Company at December 31, 2002 and
2001, and the combined results of their operations and their
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2002, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States. Also, in our opinion,
the related financial statement schedule, when considered in
relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole,
presents fairly in all material respects the information set
forth therein.
Dallas, Texas
F-2
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Table of Contents
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
PREDECESSOR COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
December 31,
June 30, 2003
2002
2001
(unaudited)
ASSETS
$
83,118,083
$
85,246,801
$
88,874,078
3,927,720
2,968,814
5,152,361
2,899,810
3,353,554
3,177,125
1,070,296
1,226,152
854,599
191,112
210,620
200,133
1,001,045
1,278,832
1,353,957
416,369
772,008
316,945
44,830
44,572
72,107
315,093
$
92,669,265
$
95,416,446
$
100,001,305
LIABILITIES AND OWNERS EQUITY
$
82,096,150
$
82,126,150
$
80,410,792
528,919
621,351
277,810
1,240,448
1,053,632
1,415,677
531,111
366,974
415,624
228,209
202,967
164,879
361,846
293,804
299,785
426,379
638,025
818,438
452,610
411,594
408,688
273,000
301,388
332,720
123,502
89,607
139,955
86,262,174
86,105,492
84,684,368
6,407,091
9,310,954
15,316,937
$
92,669,265
$
95,416,446
$
100,001,305
See notes to combined financial statements
F-3
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
PREDECESSOR COMBINED STATEMENTS OF
OPERATIONS
Six Months Ended June 30,
Year Ended December 31,
2003
2002
2002
2001
2000
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
$
14,590,287
$
14,624,736
$
28,529,640
$
29,165,515
$
24,654,910
2,797,012
2,941,784
5,698,029
5,691,902
3,178,314
471,102
603,049
1,130,112
1,358,229
1,470,000
17,858,401
18,169,569
35,357,781
36,215,646
29,303,224
3,366,255
3,207,361
6,461,721
6,260,660
5,763,985
2,113,005
2,058,017
4,183,371
4,477,315
2,473,295
370,117
323,103
621,693
608,350
661,351
4,443,590
3,872,149
8,702,894
8,624,169
5,978,140
535,730
545,082
1,059,867
1,463,900
1,308,966
1,224,659
1,150,466
2,437,482
2,197,404
1,558,545
2,192,332
2,249,896
4,833,551
4,446,486
3,249,308
2,010,491
1,898,276
3,667,410
3,749,692
2,743,753
16,256,179
15,304,440
31,967,989
31,827,976
23,737,343
1,602,222
2,865,129
3,389,792
4,387,670
5,565,881
16,849
17,379
53,485
226,531
161,004
3,015,866
3,066,985
6,536,195
7,520,694
5,014,163
$
(1,396,795
)
$
(184,477
)
$
(3,092,918
)
$
(2,906,493
)
$
712,722
See notes to combined financial statements
F-4
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
PREDECESSOR COMBINED STATEMENTS OF
OWNERS EQUITY
Special
Owners
Limited
Equity
Partner
Total
$
14,471,835
$
8,933,333
$
23,405,168
4,843,368
4,843,368
(263,371
)
(1,009,539
)
(1,272,910
)
(4,478,200
)
(4,478,200
)
(296,817
)
1,009,539
712,722
14,276,815
8,933,333
23,210,148
10,732,419
10,732,419
(9,342,229
)
(6,376,908
)
(15,719,137
)
(3,283,401
)
376,908
(2,906,493
)
12,383,604
2,933,333
15,316,937
2,191,675
2,191,675
(2,307,073
)
(322,667
)
(2,629,740
)
(2,475,000
)
(2,475,000
)
(3,415,585
)
322,667
(3,092,918
)
6,377,621
2,933,333
9,310,954
215,000
215,000
(1,562,061
)
(160,007
)
(1,722,068
)
(1,556,802
)
160,007
(1,396,795
)
$
3,473,758
$
2,933,333
$
6,407,091
See notes to combined financial statements
F-5
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
PREDECESSOR COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH
FLOW
Six Months Ended June 30,
Year Ended December 31,
2003
2002
2002
2001
2000
(Unaudited)
(Unaudited)
$
(1,396,793
)
$
(184,477
)
$
(3,092,918
)
$
(2,906,493
)
$
712,722
2,192,332
2,249,896
4,833,551
4,446,486
3,249,308
264,659
249,136
820,966
1,204,896
727,681
175,364
(290,646
)
(382,040
)
115,985
(196,219
)
670,471
60,281
(742,621
)
(177,179
)
28,238
453,744
(275,969
)
(176,429
)
(1,207,971
)
(202,361
)
279,113
(781,549
)
(637,775
)
(367,574
)
551,370
$
2,638,890
$
1,026,672
$
622,734
$
1,108,150
$
4,870,739
$
(50,484
)
$
(1,023,366
)
$
(1,079,824
)
$
(24,899,286
)
$
(12,778,381
)
$
(50,484
)
$
(1,023,366
)
$
(1,079,824
)
$
(24,899,286
)
$
(12,778,381
)
$
(1,722,068
)
$
(2,134,198
)
$
(5,104,740
)
$
(15,719,137
)
$
(5,751,110
)
215,000
2,191,675
10,732,419
4,843,368
(122,432
)
1,201,661
2,058,899
31,215,859
9,819,090
(872,291
)
(1,307,908
)
(596,219
)
$
(1,629,500
)
$
(932,537
)
$
(1,726,457
)
$
24,921,233
$
8,315,129
958,906
(929,231
)
(2,183,547
)
1,130,097
407,487
2,968,814
5,152,361
5,152,361
4,022,264
3,614,777
$
3,927,720
$
4,223,130
$
2,968,814
$
5,152,361
$
4,022,264
$
2,751,207
$
2,773,242
$
5,715,230
$
5,242,238
$
4,190,387
See notes to combined financial statements
F-6
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
These combined financial statements include the
accounts of Remington Suites Austin, L.P. and Austin Embassy
Beverage, Inc. (Austin), Remington Suites Dallas,
L.P. and Dallas Embassy Beverage, Inc. (Dallas),
Remington Suites Dulles, L.P. and Dulles Embassy Beverage, Inc.
(Dulles), Remington Suites Las Vegas, L.P.
(Las Vegas), Remington Covington Hotel, L.P.
(Covington), Chicago Illinois Hotel L.P.
(Midway), and Remington Long Island Hotel, L.P.
(Holtsville), collectively the Company.
The beverage companies related to Austin, Dallas and Dulles,
which are owned and controlled 100% by Messrs. Archie and
Montgomery Bennett, are separate corporations formed for the
purpose of operating the food and beverage services of the
respective hotels.
All General Partners are owned and controlled
100% by Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett. The General
Partners and Limited Partners participate pro rata in
contributions and distributions. The Special Limited Partner
receives a specified return on its investment. The General
Partners, Limited Partners, the Special Limited Partner and
shareholders are collectively referred to as Owners.
Austin, Dallas, Dulles and Las Vegas are
approximately 84.5% owned and controlled by Messrs. Archie
and Montgomery Bennett, approximately 7% owned by Mr. David
Brooks and Mr. Mark Nunneley, and approximately 8.5% owned
by three other individuals.
Covington, Midway and Holtsville are owned and
controlled 100% by Messrs Archie and Montgomery Bennett.
Covington was formed on November 21, 2000
for the purpose of purchasing, owning, and operating the
236-room, full-service hotel, known as the Covington Radisson.
Midway, a related entity to Covington through common ownership
and control, was formed on June 1, 1995. Covington and
Midway, on a combined basis, own and operate the hotel. The
hotel was acquired on November 31, 2000.
Holtsville was formed on January 19, 2001,
for the purpose of purchasing, owning, and operating a 188-room,
full-service hotel in Holtsville, New York, formerly known as
the Best Western at Holtsville. The property was acquired on
January 24, 2001.
Austin was formed on July 31, 1997 for the
purpose of constructing, owning, and operating a 150-room
full-service hotel in Austin, Texas under the Embassy
Suites brand name. The hotel commenced operations on
August 11, 1998.
Dallas was formed on January 9, 1997 for the
purpose of constructing, owning, and operating a 150-room
full-service hotel in Dallas, Texas under the Embassy
Suites brand name. The hotel commenced operations on
January 22, 1998.
Dulles was formed on August 27, 1997 for the
purpose of constructing, owning, and operating a 150-room
full-service hotel in Washington, D.C. under the
Embassy Suites brand name. The hotel commenced
operations on December 10, 1998.
F-7
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
Las Vegas was formed on May 31, 1997 for the
purpose of constructing, owning, and operating a 220-room
full-service hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada under the Embassy
Suites brand name. The hotel commenced operations on
May 12, 1999.
Revenues include room, food, beverage and other
hotel revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry
and space rentals. Revenues are recognized as the related
services are delivered.
The accompanying combined financial statements
reflect the total activity of the Company and are presented on a
combined basis as a result of common ownership and control.
All significant interaffiliate accounts and
transactions among the combined entities have been eliminated in
the combined financial statements.
The accompanying unaudited combined financial
statements as of June 30, 2003 and for the six months ended
June 30, 2003 and 2002, have been prepared in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles for interim
financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of
the information and footnotes required by generally accepted
accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the
opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal
recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation
have been included. Operating results for the six month period
ended June 30, 2003 are not necessarily indicative of the
results that may be expected for the year ended
December 31, 2003.
The preparation of combined financial statements
in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts
of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
Hotel properties are stated at cost, net of any
impairment charges, and are depreciated using the straight-line
method over estimated useful lives ranging from 15 to
39 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to
5 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Improvements
and additions which extend the life of the property are
capitalized.
F-8
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
Investment in hotel properties consists of the
following:
The Company reviews each of the hotel properties
for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate the carrying value of the hotel properties may not be
recoverable. Events or circumstances that may cause a review
include, but are not limited to, adverse changes in the demand
for lodging at the properties due to declining national or local
economic conditions and/or new hotel construction in the market
where the hotels are located. When such conditions exist,
management performs an analysis to determine if the estimated
undiscounted future cash flows from operations and the proceeds
from the ultimate disposition of a hotel property exceed its
carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows
are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an adjustment to
reduce the carrying amount to the related hotel propertys
estimated fair market value is recorded and an impairment loss
recognized.
Fair market values of hotel properties are
estimated through a discounted cash flow analysis taking into
account each propertys expected cash flow generated from
operations, holding period and ultimate proceeds from
disposition. In projecting the expected cash flows from
operations of the asset, the estimates are based on future
projected earnings before interest expense, income taxes,
depreciation and amortization, and after deducting expected
capital expenditure requirements. Growth assumptions are applied
to project these amounts over the expected holding period of the
asset. The growth assumptions are based on estimated
inflationary increases in room rates and expenses and the demand
for lodging at the properties, as impacted by local and national
economic conditions and estimated or known future new hotel
supply. The estimated proceeds from disposition are judgmentally
determined based on a combination of anticipated cash flow in
the year of disposition, capitalization rates, ratio of selling
price to gross hotel revenues and selling price per room.
If actual conditions differ from the assumptions,
the actual results of each assets future operations and
fair market value could be significantly different form the
estimated results and value used in the analysis.
The Company has not recognized any impairment
charges to date. There were no properties held for sale as of
December 31, 2002 and 2001, or June 30, 2003 as
defined within the provisions of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 144
Accounting for the Impairment of Disposal of Long-Lived
Assets.
Cash and cash equivalents are defined as cash on
hand and in banks plus short-term investments with a maturity of
three months or less when purchased.
F-9
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
Restricted cash consists of cash held in escrow
reserves required by lenders that relate to the payment of
capital expenditures, insurance, and real estate taxes.
Accounts receivable consists primarily of meeting
and banquet room rental and hotel guest receivables. The Company
generally does not require collateral or a significant allowance
for uncollectable balances.
Inventories consist primarily of food, beverages
and gift store merchandise, and are stated at the lower of cost
or market value. Cost is determined using the first-in,
first-out method.
Included in deferred costs are the following:
Deferred loan costs are recorded at cost and
amortized using the straight-line method over the terms of the
related mortgage notes payable, which approximate the effective
interest method. Franchise fees are amortized on a straight-line
basis over the terms of the related franchise agreements.
Accumulated amortization of deferred charges includes the
following:
Due to/from Affiliate represents current
receivables and payables resulting from transactions related to
hotel management and project management with affiliated
entities. Due from Affiliates results primarily from advances of
management fees. Due to Affiliates results primarily from
accrual of hotel management and project management fees to be
paid in subsequent periods. Due to and Due from Affiliates are
generally settled within a period not to exceed one year.
F-10
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and
were approximately $142,769, $98,933 and $97,100, for the years
ended December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively, and
$33,404 and $69,446 for the six months ended June 30, 2003
(unaudited) and June 30, 2002 (unaudited), respectively.
Advertising costs are included in indirect expenses in the
accompanying combined statements of operations.
No provision for income taxes is included in the
accompanying combined financial statements, as each partner is
individually responsible for reporting its respective share of
partnership taxable income or loss.
Indirect expenses include sales and marketing,
repairs and maintenance, franchise fees, and utility costs.
The carrying values of financial instruments such
as cash, restricted cash, accounts receivables and accounts
payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term
nature of these instruments.
Effective January 1, 2002, the Company
adopted SFAS No. 141, Business
Combinations, which requires all business combinations be
accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, and
SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets, which changes the accounting for goodwill and
intangible assets with indefinite useful lives from an
amortization approach to an impairment-only approach. The
adoption of SFAS No. 141 and No. 142 on
January 1, 2002 did not have an effect on the
Companys financial statements.
In August 2001, the Financial Accounting
Standards Board (FASB) issued
SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or
Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. The provisions of
SFAS No. 144 are effective as of January 1, 2002.
SFAS No. 144 supersedes SFAS No. 121,
Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets for
Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of.
SFAS No. 144 also established a single accounting
model for long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale. The
statement did not have a material effect on financial condition
or results of operations for 2002.
In April 2002, the FASB issued Statement
No. 145, Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44
and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical
Corrections. Included in SFAS No. 145 is a
requirement that all gains and losses related to extinguishments
of debt other than extinguishments of debt items meeting the
criteria in APB Opinion No. 30, Reporting the Results
of Operations Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a
Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and
Infrequently Occurring Events and Transaction ( APB
Opinion 30) not be treated as extraordinary items.
Any gains or losses on extinguishments of debt formerly
classified as extraordinary and not meeting the criteria for
extraordinary classifications as defined in APB Opinion 30
shall be reclassified. The Company has elected to early adopt
Statement No. 145, which results in the classification
of the expense resulting from early extinguishment of mortgage
loans payable in the amounts of $13,000 and $716,000 in the
years ended December 31, 2002, and 2001, respectively.
In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation
No. 45, Guarantors Accounting and Disclosure
Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of
Indebtedness of Others, which addresses
F-11
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
the disclosure to be made by a guarantor in its
interim and annual financial statements about its obligations
under guarantees. Interpretation No. 45 also requires the
recognition of a liability by a guarantor at the inception of
certain guarantees. Interpretation No. 45 requires the
guarantor to recognize a liability for the non-contingent
component of the guarantee, this is the obligation to stand
ready to perform in the event that specified triggering events
or conditions occur. The initial measurement of this liability
is the fair value of the guarantee at inception. The recognition
of the liability is required even if it is not probable that
payments will be required under the guarantee or if the
guarantee was issued with a premium payment or as part of a
transaction with multiple elements. To date, the Company has not
entered into any guarantees and will apply the recognition and
measurement provisions for all guarantees entered into after
January 1, 2003.
In December 2002, the FASB issued Statement
No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation-Transition and Disclosure an amendment
of FASB Statement No. 123. Statement No. 148
amends FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation, to provide alternative methods
of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based
method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In
addition, Statement No. 148 amends the disclosure
requirements of Statement No. 123 to require prominent
disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements
about the method of accounting for stock-based employee
compensation and the effect of the method used on reported
results. In addition, to address concerns raised by some
constituents about the lack of comparability caused by multiple
transition methods, Statement No. 148 does not permit the
use of the Statement No. 123 prospective method of
transition for changes to the fair value based method made in
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2003.
On April 22, 2003, the FASB reached a
decision to require all companies to expense the value of
employee stock options. The FASB is committed to work with the
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in
order to achieve maximum convergence on stock based compensation
accounting. This will affect the timing of the FASBs
project on accounting for stock based compensation. The FASB
plans to issue an exposure draft later this year that could
become effective in 2004. Until then, the provisions of
SFAS 123 remain in effect. To date, the Company has no
stock-based compensation subject to Statement No. 123.
After December 31, 2002, the Company intends to use the
intrinsic value method provided by Statement No. 123.
In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation
No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest
Entities, which addresses consolidation by business
enterprises of variable interest entities. In general, a
variable interest entity is a corporate, partnership, trust, or
any other legal structure used for business purposes that either
(a) does not have equity investors with voting rights or
(b) has equity investors that do not provide sufficient
financial resources for the entity to support its activities. A
variable interest entity often holds financial assets, including
loans or receivables, real estate or other property. A variable
interest entity may be essentially passive or it may engage in
research and development or other activities on behalf of
another company. The objective of Interpretation No. 46 is
not to restrict the use of variable interest entities but to
improve financial reporting by companies involved with variable
interest entities. Until now, a company generally has included
another entity in its consolidated financial statements only if
it controlled the entity through voting interests.
Interpretation No. 46 changes that by requiring a variable
interest entity to be consolidated by a company if that company
is subject to a majority of the risk of loss from the variable
interest entitys activities or is entitled to receive a
majority of the entitys residual returns of both. The
consolidation requirements of Interpretation No. 46 apply
immediately to variable interest entities created after
January 31, 2003. The consolidation requirements apply to
older entities in the first fiscal year or interim period
beginning after June 15, 2003. Certain of the disclosure
requirements apply in all financial statements issued after
January 31, 2003, regardless of when the variable interest
entity was established. Adoption is not expected to have a
material effect on the Companys financial condition of
results of operations.
F-12
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
The Company financed the purchase and
construction of its hotel investments with the proceeds from
mortgage notes payable, which are summarized as follows:
The $9,274,995 mortgage note payable on Covington
matures on November 30, 2003. The $17,851,155 mortgage note
payable on Holtsville matures on January 31, 2004.
Management intends to obtain new financing or other arrangements
to enable the Company to extend or payoff the notes. These
maturities when combined with the maturity of the $39,000,000
mortgage note payable require a significant amount of new
financing or liquidity in the near future. The combined
financial statements do not reflect any adjustments to reflect
the possible future effects on the recoverability and the
classification of assets and liabilities if the efforts to
refinance or pay off the notes are unsuccessful.
F-13
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
The following table summarizes the carrying value
of assets collateralizing mortgage notes payable.
Carrying Value of Assets Collateralizing
Mortgage Notes Payable
Maturities of mortgage notes payable are as
follows:
In February 2001, the Company entered into an
interest rate cap agreement with Chase Manhattan Bank with a
notional principal amount of $9,275,000 at December 31,
2002 and 2001. The agreement establishes a maximum interest rate
of 8.75% through initial maturity of the loan. The
Companys participation in the transaction has been
designed for hedging purposes, and derivative instruments are
not held or issued for trading purposes. The derivatives
fair value as of December 31, 2002 and 2001 was immaterial.
In January 2001, the Company entered into an
interest rate cap agreement with Chase Manhattan Bank with a
notional principal amount of $18,000,000 at December 31,
2002 and 2001. The agreement establishes a maximum interest rate
of 7.5% through initial maturity of the loan. The Companys
participation in the transaction has been designed for hedging
purposes, and derivative instruments are not held or issued for
trading purposes. The derivatives fair value as of
December 31, 2002 and 2001 was immaterial.
The $39,000,000 mortgage loan payable provides
for a one-year extension option subject to certain performance
criteria being met as of March 1, 2004, the date of
maturity. The Company has calculated the performance criteria
based on its estimates of the future performance of the
properties through March 1, 2004 and believes such
performance criteria will be met. The Company intends either to
pay-off the note at or prior to maturity, or to exercise the
extension option at maturity.
Under agreements with an affiliate, the Company
is obligated to pay the affiliate management fees of 3%-4.5% of
gross revenues, as defined by the agreements, and to reimburse
the affiliate for certain accounting and administrative
expenses. Under the existing management agreements, the Company
is
F-14
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
obligated to pay a fee equal to 8% of all
invoiced third-party costs of the expenditures necessary for
replacement of furniture, fixtures and equipment and building
repairs.
The following amounts were paid under these
agreements with the affiliate of the Company:
The following amounts were paid to the Special
Limited Partner:
Following the redemption of its interest,
payments made to the Special Limited Partner (see Note 6)
are no longer considered to be related party transactions.
Under the existing franchise agreements, the
Company is obligated to pay the franchisors royalty fees between
3% and 4% of gross room revenue, and fees for marketing,
reservations and other related activities aggregating between
2.75% and 3.75% of gross room revenue.
Under the existing mortgage loan agreements, the
Company is obligated to escrow payments for insurance and real
estate taxes. In addition, the Company is obligated to escrow
between 2% and 8% of gross revenue for capital improvements.
Under the existing management agreements, the
Company is obligated to pay management fees of 3% of gross
revenues.
Included in investment in hotel properties at
December 31, 2002, 2001, and June 30, 2003
(unaudited), is equipment totaling $791,394, $786,237, and
$791,394, respectively, under capital leases payable. The
related annual interest rates range from 10% to 11.5% through
the lease terms, which expire between 2004 and 2006. The leased
equipment, with carrying values of $527,092, $645,343, and
$442,752
F-15
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
at December 31, 2002, 2001, and
June 30, 2003 (unaudited), respectively, collateralize
these leases and are amortized over the related useful lives
that range from 5 to 15 years.
Amortization expense relating to these leases
amounted to $168,649, $86,937, and $9,244 for the years ended
December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
Amortization amounted to $84,340 for the six months ended
June 30, 2003 and 2002 (unaudited).
The following represents future minimum lease
payments due under noncancelable capital leases:
Pursuant to a master construction agreement with
Nomura, which contemplated the development of twelve hotels
under the Embassy Suites brand name, the Company
developed the Dallas, Austin, Dulles and Las Vegas hotels
(Initial Limited Partnerships). Nomura was a 67%
limited partner in the Initial Limited Partnerships. Subsequent
to the development of the Austin, Dallas, Dulles and Las Vegas
hotels, Nomura informed the Company that it would not fund any
further construction loans. Through a negotiated buyout, Nomura
Asset Capital Corporation was redeemed out of the various
partnerships. The redemptions occurred upon the closing of a
$39,000,000 mortgage loan in February 2001 for Austin, Dallas,
and Dulles, and upon closing of a $16,000,000 mortgage loan for
Las Vegas in December 2002.
Promus, a Special Limited Partner to the Initial
Limited Partnerships, is an affiliate of Embassy Suites. Promus
agreed to contribute approximately $2 million of equity as
Special Limited Partner to each of the developments under the
master construction agreement with Nomura. Under the agreement,
Promus is allocated income and receives a cash distribution
equal to a guaranteed 8% annual return during the one-year
period beginning on the date the respective contribution was
made, and an 11% return thereafter. The Special Limited Partner
interest was redeemed by Austin, Dallas, and Dulles upon closing
a $39,000,000 mortgage loan in February of 2001. With respect to
Las Vegas, the Special Limited Partner continues its investment
of $2.9 million.
F-16
PREDECESSOR FOR ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC.
In accordance with the partnership agreements,
income is first adjusted to the extent of distributions paid or
payable to the Special Limited Partner, after which the
remaining net income or loss is allocated to the partners in
proportion to their respective percentage interests. Following
the return of its initial capital contribution to the Special
Limited Partner, income and losses are allocated in full to the
partners in proportion to their respective percentage interests.
With respect to Austin, Dallas, Dulles and Las Vegas, income and
loss is allocated to Messrs Archie and Montgomery Bennett until
a 10% return is realized, as defined by the related partnership
agreement; once the 10% return is realized, income and losses
are allocated in full to the partners in proportion to their
respective percentage interest.
The Monthly Net Cash Flow, as defined by the
Partnership agreements, of the Partnerships are to be
distributed first to the Special Limited Partner for its return
on contribution and then to the partners in proportion to their
respective percentage interests. Following the return of its
initial capital contribution to the Special Limited Partner, the
Monthly Net Cash Flow is distributed in full to the partners in
proportion to their respective percentage interests. With
respect to Austin, Dallas, Dulles and Las Vegas, Net Cash
Flow is allocated to Messrs Archie and Montgomery Bennett until
a 10% return is realized, as defined by the related partnership
agreement; once the 10% return is realized, Net Cash Flow is
distributed in full to the partners in proportion to their
respective percentage interests.
The Company operates one business segment, hotel
ownership. There were no intracompany transactions among the
hotels. The following table presents revenues, net income and
long-lived assets at each of the geographical areas in which the
Company operates.
On May 13, 2003, the Company entered into an
agreement to amend the mortgage loans payable related to
Covington and Holtsville that will extend the original terms
through November 1, 2004. In addition, if the Covington and
Holtsville related loans are both paid in full prior to
November 1, 2003, the lender will discount the principal
balance of the Covington related loan to $6,000,000 which is a
reduction of $3,274,995. The agreement is subject to the parties
entering into a definitive written modification document. The
Company believes the agreement is a commitment by the Lender
subject to normal commercial loan documentation.
F-17
SCHEDULE III REAL ESTATE AND
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
[Additional columns below]
[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]
1.
Organization and Nature of Business
Covington
Holtsville
Austin
Dallas
Dulles
Table of Contents
Las Vegas
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies
(a)
Revenue Recognition
(b)
Principles of combination
(c)
Use of estimates
(d)
Investment in hotel
properties
Table of Contents
December 31,
June 30,
2002
2001
2003
(Unaudited)
$
15,509,355
$
15,509,355
$
15,509,355
70,228,361
69,770,596
70,210,802
15,399,422
14,777,363
15,467,465
101,137,138
100,057,314
101,187,622
(15,890,337
)
(11,183,236
)
(18,069,539
)
$
85,246,801
$
88,874,078
$
83,118,083
(e)
Cash and cash equivalents
Table of Contents
(f)
Restricted cash
(g)
Accounts receivable
(h)
Inventories
(i)
Deferred Costs, Net
December 31,
June 30,
2002
2001
2003
(Unaudited)
$
1,691,262
$
1,440,393
$
1,691,262
510,000
510,000
510,000
2,201,262
1,950,393
2,201,262
(922,430
)
(596,436
)
(1,200,217
)
$
1,278,832
$
1,353,957
$
1,001,045
December 31,
June 30,
2002
2001
2003
(Unaudited)
$
(824,467
)
$
(524,732
)
$
(1,089,125
)
(97,963
)
(71,704
)
(111,092
)
$
(922,430
)
$
(596,436
)
$
(1,200,217
)
(j)
Due to/from Affiliate
Table of Contents
(k)
Advertising Costs
(l)
Income Taxes
(m)
Indirect Expenses
(m)
Fair Value of Financial
Instruments
(n)
New Accounting Pronouncements
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
3.
Mortgage Notes Payable
December 31,
December 31,
2001
2002
June 30, 2003
(Unaudited)
$
39,000,000
$
39,000,000
$
39,000,000
$
9,161,125
$
9,274,995
$
9,274,995
$
15,578,811
$
$
$
$
16,000,000
$
16,000,000
$
16,670,856
$
17,851,155
$
17,821,155
Table of Contents
December 31,
December 31,
June 30,
2001
2002
2003
10,749,219
10,062,707
9,744,288
10,464,565
9,743,718
9,587,988
11,369,423
10,691,555
10,337,802
20,692,598
19,561,884
18,995,369
12,220,349
11,723,790
11,428,145
23,377,924
23,463,147
23,024,491
88,874,078
85,246,801
83,118,083
December 31,
2002
June 30, 2003
(Unaudited)
$
9,439,995
$
9,439,995
56,686,155
56,686,155
240,000
240,000
15,760,000
15,760,000
$
82,126,150
$
82,096,150
4.
Related Party Transactions
Table of Contents
Six Months Ended
Year Ended December 31,
June 30,
2002
2001
2000
2003
2002
(Unaudited)
$
1,059,867
$
1,463,900
$
1,308,966
$
535,730
$
545,082
122,734
257,593
55,234
32,113
77,616
299,766
338,476
213,287
215,994
144,000
191,266
366,082
306,771
127,800
127,476
Six Months Ended
Year Ended December 31,
June 30,
2002
2001
2000
2003
2002
(Unaudited)
$
276,528
$
259,299
$
854,593
$
148,473
$
148,953
286,381
252,630
743,450
180,128
149,090
96,016
82,841
314,756
54,711
51,598
5.
Commitments
Franchise Fees
Restricted Cash
Management Fees
Capital Lease
Table of Contents
December 31,
June 30,
2002
2003
(unaudited)
$
200,845
$
100,423
183,366
183,366
165,886
165,886
153,483
153,483
29,065
38,755
732,645
641,913
111,294
112,994
621,351
528,919
146,256
153,323
$
475,095
$
375,596
6.
Owners Equity
Nomura Settlement
Special Limited Partner
Table of Contents
Allocation of Net Income and
Losses
Distributions
7.
Segment Information
2002
2001
2000
Total
Total
Total
Revenues
Net Income
Assets
Revenues
Net Income
Assets
Revenues
Net Income
Assets
5,188,580
(332,753
)
12,176,924
5,562,098
(629,045
)
12,664,256
6,854,620
578,397
12,881,146
5,070,499
(531,472
)
11,364,990
5,500,490
(575,226
)
12,155,600
6,414,085
527,987
13,385,130
6,066,674
151,521
12,522,697
5,976,899
(295,997
)
12,863,714
7,131,751
845,355
13,990,452
8,498,924
(85,578
)
21,693,805
7,988,836
(439,970
)
23,230,333
8,265,792
(1,086,430
)
24,044,404
5,465,609
(979,432
)
12,833,108
5,244,998
(1,417,053
)
13,190,046
636,976
(152,587
)
12,745,101
5,067,495
(1,315,204
)
24,824,922
5,942,325
450,798
25,897,356
35,357,781
(3,092,918
)
95,416,446
36,215,646
(2,906,493
)
100,001,305
29,303,224
712,722
77,046,233
8.
Subsequent Events
Table of Contents
COL. A
COL. B
COL. C
COL. D
Cost Capitalized
Subsequent to Acquisition
Initial Cost to Company
Carrying
Buildings and
Building
Costs at
Improvements,
Improvements,
Close of
Description
Encumbrances
Land
etc.
etc.
Period
12,400,000
1,200,000
11,530,843
302,590
8,862,710
12,560,000
1,871,445
10,960,080
381,706
7,872,272
14,040,000
1,298,023
11,774,941
388,392
9,393,532
16,000,000
3,299,935
20,055,302
310,835
16,261,948
9,274,995
2,095,200
10,019,994
739,756
9,628,589
17,851,155
5,744,752
17,013,635
2,149,710
17,718,395
82,126,150
15,509,355
81,354,795
4,272,989
69,737,446
COL. A | COL. E | COL. F | COL. G | COL. H | COL. I | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Amount at Which | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carried at Close of Period | Life on Which | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Depreciation in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buildings | Latest Income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
and | Accumulated | Date of | Date | Statements Is | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Land | Improvements | Total | Depreciation | Construction | Acquired | Computed | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
39 yrs(1), 15 yrs(2), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Austin Embassy
|
1,200,000 | 11,833,433 | 13,033,433 | 2,970,723 | Aug-98 | 5 yrs(3), 3 yrs(4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
39 yrs(1), 15 yrs(2), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dallas Embassy
|
1,871,445 | 11,341,786 | 13,213,230 | 3,469,514 | Dec-98 | 5 yrs(3), 3 yrs(4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
39 yrs(1), 15 yrs(2), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dulles Embassy
|
1,298,023 | 12,163,333 | 13,461,356 | 2,769,801 | Dec-98 | 5 yrs(3), 3 yrs(4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
39 yrs(1), 15 yrs(2), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Las Vegas Embassy
|
3,299,935 | 20,366,136 | 23,666,072 | 4,104,189 | May-99 | 5 yrs(3), 3 yrs(4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
39 yrs(1), 15 yrs(2), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Covington Radisson
|
2,095,200 | 10,759,750 | 12,854,950 | 1,131,160 | Nov-00 | 5 yrs(3), 3 yrs(4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
39 yrs(1), 15 yrs(2), | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holtsville Radisson
|
5,744,752 | 19,163,345 | 24,908,097 | 1,444,950 | Jan-01 | 5 yrs(3), 3 yrs(4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Totals
|
15,509,355 | 85,627,783 | 101,137,138 | (5) | 15,890,337 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Estimated useful life for buildings |
(2) | Estimated useful life for building improvements |
(3) | Estimated useful life for furniture and fixtures |
(4) | Estimated useful life for computer hardware and software |
(5) | Represents aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes |
F-18
SCHEDULE III REAL ESTATE
AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
Year Ended December 31,
2002
2001
2000
$
100,057,314
$
75,158,028
$
62,379,647
1,079,824
24,899,286
12,778,381
$
101,137,138
$
100,057,314
$
75,158,028
$
11,183,236
$
6,865,786
$
3,668,901
4,707,101
4,317,450
3,196,885
$
15,890,337
$
11,183,236
$
6,865,786
F-19
No dealer, salesperson or other individual has been authorized to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained in this prospectus and, if given or made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by us or the underwriters. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy an securities in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so, or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made hereunder shall, under any circumstances, create any implication that there has been no change in our affairs or that information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to the date hereof.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||||
|
||||
Prospectus Summary
|
1 | |||
Risk Factors
|
16 | |||
A Warning About Forward-Looking Statements
|
35 | |||
Use of Proceeds
|
36 | |||
Capitalization
|
37 | |||
Distribution Policy
|
38 | |||
Dilution
|
39 | |||
Our Company
|
40 | |||
Business and Properties
|
52 | |||
Selected Financial Information
|
73 | |||
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Information
|
75 | |||
Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Conditions and Results of Operations
|
82 | |||
Management
|
91 | |||
Policies and Objectives With Respect to Certain
Activities
|
103 | |||
Certain Relationships and Transactions
|
106 | |||
Principal Stockholders
|
115 | |||
Description of Capital Stock
|
115 | |||
Material Provisions of Maryland Law and Our
Charter and Bylaws
|
120 | |||
Shares Available for Future Sale
|
124 | |||
Partnership Agreement
|
125 | |||
Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as
a REIT
|
129 | |||
Underwriting
|
149 | |||
Experts
|
152 | |||
Reports to Stockholders
|
152 | |||
Legal Matters
|
152 | |||
Where You Can Find More Information
|
152 | |||
Index to Financial Statements
|
F-1 |
Until , 2003, 25 days after the date of this prospectus, all dealers that buy, sell or trade our common stock, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This requirement is in addition to the dealers obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
35,000,000 Shares
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
Friedman Billings Ramsey
Legg Mason Wood Walker
Credit Lyonnais Securities
, 2003
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN
PROSPECTUS
The following table itemizes the expenses
incurred by us in connection with the issuance and registration
of the securities being registered hereunder. All amounts shown
are estimates except the Securities and Exchange Commission
registration fee.
We will pay all of the costs identified above.
None
Upon our formation, Mr. Montgomery Bennett
was issued 100 shares of our common stock for total
consideration of $1,000 in cash in order to provide our initial
capitalization. We will repurchase these shares at cost upon
completion of this offering. Simultaneously with the completion
of this offering, Messrs. Archie and Montgomery Bennett
will acquire directly from us in a privately negotiated
transaction 500,000 shares of our common stock. The
issuance of all such shares were effected in reliance upon an
exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
In connection with the formation transactions,
5,657,916 units of limited partnership in our operating
partnership, which are convertible on a one-for-one basis into
our shares of common stock, will be issued to certain persons,
including certain of our directors and officers, in exchange for
interests in the property entities and certain other assets to
us in consideration of the transfer of such interests and other
assets. All of such persons irrevocably committed to the
transfer of such interest and assets prior to the filing of this
Registration Statement, and are accredited investors
as defined under Regulation D of the Securities Act. The
issuance of such units will be effected in reliance upon an
exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) under
the Securities Act.
In addition, upon consummation of the offering,
931,500 restricted shares of common stock with an aggregate
value of $9.3 million will be issued to our executive
officers, pursuant to the terms of their respective employment
agreements and to other employees at the discretion of our
board. See Management Employment
Agreements. The issuance of such shares will be effected
in reliance upon an exemption from registration under
Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. The actual number of
shares of
II-1
Our charter and the partnership agreement provide
for indemnification of our officers and directors against
liabilities to the fullest extent permitted by the MGCL, as
amended from time to time.
The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its
charter provides otherwise, which our companys charter
does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been
successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any
proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of his
or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation
to indemnify its present and former directors and officers,
among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements
and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection
with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason
of their service in those or other capacities unless it is
established that:
However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation
may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the
right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the
basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in
either case a court orders indemnification and then only for
expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance
reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the
corporations receipt of:
The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to
include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its
directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders
for money damages except for liability resulting from actual
receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or
services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a
final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our
charter contains such a provision which eliminates such
liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
II-2
Our bylaws obligate us, to the fullest extent
permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to
indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of
the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse
reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a
proceeding to:
Our charter and bylaws also permit us to
indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a
predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described above and
to any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our
company.
The partnership agreement of our operating
partnership provides that we, as general partner, and our
officers and directors are indemnified to the fullest extent
permitted by law. See Description of the Partnership
Agreement Indemnification and Limitation of
Liability.
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit
indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us
for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been
informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission, this indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
None
(a)
Financial Statements.
See Index
to Pro Forma Condensed and Combined Financial Statements
(b)
Exhibits.
The following exhibits
are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this
registration statement on Form S-11:
II-3
II-4
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
The undersigned registrant hereby further
undertakes to:
The undersigned registrant hereby further
undertakes to provide to the underwriter at the closing
specified in the underwriting agreements certificates in such
denominations and registered in such names as required by the
underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
II-5
Item 31.
Other Expenses of Issuance and
Distribution.
$
32,563
150,000
150,000
920,000
775,000
5,000
155,400
200,000
67,500
71,000
223,537
$
2,750,000
*
To be filed by amendment.
Item 32.
Sales to Special Parties
Item 33.
Recent Sales of Unregistered
Securities.
Table of Contents
Item 34.
Indemnification of Directors and
Officers.
an act or omission of the director or officer was
material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and:
was committed in bad faith; or
was the result of active and deliberate
dishonesty;
the director or officer actually received an
improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or
in the case of any criminal proceeding, the
director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act
or omission was unlawful.
a written affirmation by the director or officer
of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct
necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and
a written undertaking by the director or on the
directors behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by
the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director
did not meet the standard of conduct.
Table of Contents
any present or former director or officer who is
made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service
in that capacity; or
any individual who, while a director or officer
of our company and at our request, serves or has served another
corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint
venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as
a director, officer, partner or trustee of such corporation,
real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust,
employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made a
party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that
capacity.
Item 35.
Treatment of Proceeds from Stock Being
Registered.
Item 36.
Financial Statements and
Exhibits.
Exhibit
Number
Description of Exhibit
*1
.1
Form of Underwriting Agreement among Ashford
Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Friedman Billings Ramsey
**3
.1
Articles of Amendment and Restatement
**3
.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws
*4
.1
Form of Certificate for Common Stock
**5
.1
Opinion of Hogan & Hartson with respect to
the legality of the shares being registered
*8
.1
Opinion of Andrews & Kurth LLP with respect
to tax matters
**10
.1
Form of Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership
**10
.2
Form of Registration Rights Agreement among
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and the persons named therein
**10
.3
Form of 2003 Stock Plan of Ashford Hospitality
Trust, Inc.
**10
.4
Non-Compete Agreement between Ashford Hospitality
Trust, Inc. and Archie Bennett, Jr.
**10
.5
Employment Agreement between Ashford Hospitality
Trust, Inc. and Montgomery J. Bennett
**10
.6
Employment Agreement between Ashford Hospitality
Trust, Inc. and Douglas Kessler
**10
.7
Employment Agreement between Ashford Hospitality
Trust, Inc. and David A. Brooks
Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
Description of Exhibit
**10
.8
Employment Agreement between Ashford Hospitality
Trust, Inc. and David Kimichik
**10
.9
Employment Agreement between Ashford Hospitality
Trust, Inc. and Mark Nunneley
**10
.10
Form of Management Agreement between Remington
Lodging and Ashford TRS Corporation
**10
.11
Form of Lease Agreement between Ashford
Hospitality Limited Partnership and Ashford TRS Corporation
***10
.12
Omnibus Option Agreement between Ashford
Hospitality Limited Partnership, Remington Suites Austin, L.P.,
Remington Suites Dallas, L.P., Remington Suites Dulles, L.P.,
Remington Suites Las Vegas, L.P., Chicago Illinois Hotel Limited
Partnership and Remington Long Island Hotel, L.P., dated as of
May 15, 2003
***10
.13
Option Agreement between Ashford Hospitality
Limited Partnership and Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as
of May 15, 2003
***10
.14
Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and
between Remington Hospitality, Inc. and Ashford Financial
Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003
***10
.15
Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and
between Remington Indianapolis Employers Corporation and Ashford
Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003
***10
.16
Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and
between Remington Milford Hotel Employers Corporation and
Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003
***10
.17
Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and
between Remington Suites Hotel Corporation and Ashford Financial
Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003
***10
.18
Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and
between Remington Employers Corporation and Ashford Financial
Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003
***10
.19
Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and
between Remington Employers Management Corporation and Ashford
Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003
***10
.20
Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and
between Remington Orlando Management Corporation and Ashford
Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003
***10
.21
Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and
between Remington Ventura Employers Corporation and Ashford
Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003
**10
.22
Form of Mutual Exclusivity Agreement by and
between Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, Ashford
Hospitality Trust, Inc., Remington Hotel Corporation and
Remington Lodging and Hospitality, L.P.
***10
.23
Subscription Agreement between Ashford
Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Montgomery J. Bennett
***10
.24
Subscription Agreement between Ashford
Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Archie Bennett
**10
.25
Form of Tax Indemnification Agreement between
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and the persons named therein
**10
.26
Form of Guaranty by Ashford Financial Corporation
in favor of Ashford Hospitality Trust Limited Partnership
**21
.1
List of Subsidiaries
**23
.1
Consent of Hogan & Hartson (included in
Exhibit 5.1)
*23
.2
Consent of Andrew & Kurth LLP (included in
Exhibit 8.1)
**23
.3
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
***24
.1
Power of Attorney (included on the Signature Page)
***99
.1
Consent of Martin Edelman to be named as a
proposed director
***99
.2
Consent of W.D. Minami to be named as a proposed
director
***99
.3
Consent of Michael Murphy to be named as a
proposed director
***99
.4
Consent of Charles P. Toppino to be named as a
proposed director
**99
.5
Consent of Philip S. Payne to be named as a
proposed director
Table of Contents
*
To be filed by amendment
**
Filed herewith
***
Previously filed
Item 37.
Undertakings.
(1) for purposes of determining any
liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information
omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this
registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and
contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant
pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4), or 497(h) under the
Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration
statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) for purposes of determining any
liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective
amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to
be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that
time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.
(1) file a sticker supplement pursuant to
Rule 424(c) under the Securities Act of 1933 during the
distribution period describing each property not identified in
the prospectus at such time as there arises a reasonable
probability that such property will be acquired and to
consolidate all such stickers into a post-effective amendment
filed at least once every three months, with the information
contained in such amendment provided simultaneously to the
existing stockholders. Each sticker supplement should disclose
all compensation and fees received by the manager and its
affiliates in connection with any such acquisition. The
post-effective amendment shall include audited financial
statements meeting the requirements of Rule 3-14 of
Regulation S-X only for properties acquired during the
distribution period.
(2) file, after the end of the distribution
period, a current report on Form 8-K containing the
financial statements and any additional information required by
Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X, to reflect each
commitment (
i.e.
, the signing of a binding purchase
agreement) made after the end of the distribution period
involving the use of 10% or more (on a cumulative basis) of the
net proceeds of the offering and to provide the information
contained in such report to the stockholders at least once each
quarter after the distribution period of the offering has ended.
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that the registrant meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Dallas, State of Texas, on this 29th day of July, 2003.
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. | |
/s/ DAVID KIMICHIK | |
|
|
David Kimichik | |
Chief Financial Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||||
|
|
|
||||
*
Archie Bennett, Jr. |
Chairman of the Board of Directors | July 29, 2003 | ||||
*
Montgomery J. Bennett |
Chief Executive Officer, President and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | July 29, 2003 | ||||
/s/ DAVID KIMICHIK
David Kimichik |
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | July 29, 2003 | ||||
/s/ MARK NUNNELEY
Mark Nunneley |
Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | July 29, 2003 | ||||
* |
/s/ DAVID KIMICHIK
David Kimichik Attorney-In-Fact |
II-6
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit | ||||
Number | Description of Exhibit | |||
|
|
|||
*1.1 | Form of Underwriting Agreement among Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Friedman Billings Ramsey | |||
**3.1 | Articles of Amendment and Restatement | |||
**3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws | |||
*4.1 | Form of Certificate for Common Stock | |||
**5.1 | Opinion of Hogan & Hartson with respect to the legality of the shares being registered | |||
*8.1 | Opinion of Andrews & Kurth LLP with respect to tax matters | |||
**10.1 | Form of Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership | |||
**10.2 | Form of Registration Rights Agreement among Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and the persons named therein | |||
**10.3 | Form of 2003 Stock Plan of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. | |||
**10.4 | Non-Compete Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Archie Bennett, Jr. | |||
**10.5 | Employment Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Montgomery J. Bennett | |||
**10.6 | Employment Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Douglas Kessler | |||
**10.7 | Employment Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and David A. Brooks | |||
**10.8 | Employment Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and David Kimichik | |||
**10.9 | Employment Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Mark Nunneley | |||
**10.10 | Form of Management Agreement between Remington Lodging and Ashford TRS Corporation | |||
**10.11 | Form of Lease Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership and Ashford TRS Corporation | |||
***10.12 | Omnibus Option Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, Remington Suites Austin, L.P., Remington Suites Dallas, L.P., Remington Suites Dulles, L.P., Remington Suites Las Vegas, L.P., Chicago Illinois Hotel Limited Partnership and Remington Long Island Hotel, L.P., dated as of May 15, 2003 | |||
***10.13 | Option Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership and Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003 | |||
***10.14 | Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and between Remington Hospitality, Inc. and Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003 | |||
***10.15 | Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and between Remington Indianapolis Employers Corporation and Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003 | |||
***10.16 | Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and between Remington Milford Hotel Employers Corporation and Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003 | |||
***10.17 | Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and between Remington Suites Hotel Corporation and Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003 | |||
***10.18 | Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and between Remington Employers Corporation and Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003 | |||
***10.19 | Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and between Remington Employers Management Corporation and Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003 | |||
***10.20 | Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and between Remington Orlando Management Corporation and Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003 | |||
***10.21 | Asset Management and Consulting Agreement by and between Remington Ventura Employers Corporation and Ashford Financial Corporation, dated as of May 15, 2003 | |||
**10.22 | Form of Mutual Exclusivity Agreement by and between Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., Remington Hotel Corporation and Remington Lodging and Hospitality, L.P. | |||
***10.23 | Subscription Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Montgomery J. Bennett |
Exhibit | ||||
Number | Description of Exhibit | |||
|
|
|||
***10.24 | Subscription Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Archie Bennett | |||
**10.25 | Form of Tax Indemnification Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and the persons named therein | |||
**10.26 | Form of Guaranty by Ashford Financial Corporation in favor of Ashford Hospitality Trust Limited Partnership | |||
**21.1 | List of Subsidiaries | |||
**23.1 | Consent of Hogan & Hartson (included in Exhibit 5.1) | |||
*23.2 | Consent of Andrew & Kurth LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1) | |||
**23.3 | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP | |||
***24.1 | Power of Attorney (included on the Signature Page) | |||
***99.1 | Consent of Martin Edelman to be named as a proposed director | |||
***99.2 | Consent of W.D. Minami to be named as a proposed director | |||
***99.3 | Consent of Michael Murphy to be named as a proposed director | |||
***99.4 | Consent of Charles P. Toppino to be named as a proposed director | |||
**99.5 | Consent of Philip S. Payne to be named as a proposed director |
* | To be filed by amendment |
** | Filed herewith |
*** | Previously filed |
EXHIBIT 3.1
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT
FIRST: ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC., a Maryland corporation (the "Corporation"), desires to amend and restate its Charter (the "Charter") as currently in effect and as hereinafter amended.
SECOND: The following provisions are all the provisions of the Charter currently in effect and as hereinafter amended:
ARTICLE I
FORMATION
The Corporation is a corporation under the Maryland General Corporation Law ("MGCL").
ARTICLE II
NAME AND LIFE
Section 1. NAME. The name of the Corporation is Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.
Section 2. LIFE. The Corporation shall have a perpetual existence.
ARTICLE III
PURPOSES
The purposes for which the Corporation is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity (including, without limitation or obligation, engaging in business as a real estate investment trust (a "REIT") under Section 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended or any successor statute (the "Code")) for which corporations may be organized under the MGCL as now or hereafter in force.
ARTICLE IV
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND RESIDENT AGENT
The address of the principal office of the Corporation within the State of Maryland, is 300 E. Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The Corporation may have such other offices and places of business within or outside the State of Maryland as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the "Board of Directors") may from time to time determine. The name of the resident agent of the Corporation within the State of Maryland is The Corporation Trust Incorporated, a Maryland corporation, and the address of such agent is 300 E. Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
ARTICLE V
STOCK
Section 1. NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED SHARES. The Corporation is authorized to issue an aggregate of 250,000,000 shares of stock (the "Capital Stock"), consisting of (a) 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the "Common Stock") and (b) 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share (the "Preferred Stock"). The aggregate par value of all of the shares of all of the classes of stock of the Corporation is $250,000. The Board of Directors by resolution may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of the Common Stock or the Preferred Stock by setting or changing in any one or more respects, from time to time before issuance of such shares, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, or terms or conditions of redemption of such shares.
Section 2. COMMON STOCK. Subject to the rights of the holders of the Preferred Stock, if any, and any other class of stock hereinafter created by the Corporation:
(a) the holders of the Common Stock shall have the exclusive right to vote for the election of directors and on all other matters requiring stockholder action, each share being entitled to one vote;
(b) distributions may be declared and paid or set apart for payment upon the Common Stock out of any assets or funds of the Corporation legally available for the payment of distributions, but only when, as, and if, authorized by the Board of Directors; and
(c) upon the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, the net assets of the Corporation shall be distributed pro rata to the holders of the Common Stock.
Section 3. PREFERRED STOCK. Prior to issuance of any shares of Preferred Stock, the Board of Directors by resolution shall:
(a) designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of stock of the Corporation;
(b) specify the number of shares to be included in the class or series;
(c) establish, subject to the provisions of Article VI and subject to the express terms of any class or series of stock of the Corporation outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions (including, without limitation, restrictions on transferability), limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series; and
(d) cause the Corporation to file articles supplementary with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland containing a description of the stock as set or changed by the Board of Directors.
Section 4. AUTHORIZATION BY BOARD OF STOCK ISSUANCE. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, the Board of Directors may:
(a) authorize the issuance from time to time of shares of stock of the Corporation of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into shares of its stock of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the Board of Directors may deem advisable (or without consideration in the case of a stock split or stock dividend);
(b) classify or reclassify any unissued shares of stock from time to time in one or mores classes or series of stock; and
(c) set or change the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions (including without limitation, restrictions on transferability), limitations as to distributions, qualifications, or terms or conditions of redemption of any series of Preferred Stock, subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in the Charter, the Bylaws of the Corporation (the "Bylaws") or as may otherwise be provided by contract.
Section 5. FRACTIONAL SHARES OF STOCK. The Corporation may, without the consent or approval of any stockholder, issue fractional shares of capital stock.
Section 6. CHARTER AND BYLAWS. All persons who shall acquire capital stock of the Corporation shall acquire the same subject to the provisions of this Charter and the Bylaws, as this Charter and the Bylaws may be amended from time-to-time.
ARTICLE VI
RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP OF
SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK
Section 1. DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this Article VI, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
Beneficial Ownership. The term "Beneficial Ownership" shall mean ownership of shares of Capital Stock by a Person, whether the interest in the shares of Capital Stock is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include (in addition to direct ownership and indirect ownership through a nominee or similar arrangement) interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h) of the Code. The terms "Beneficial Owner," "Beneficially Owns" and "Beneficially Owned" shall have the correlative meanings.
Benefit Plan Investor. The term "Benefit Plan Investor" shall have the meaning provided in 29 C.F.R. Section 2510.3-101(f)(2), or any successor regulation thereto.
Business Day. The term "Business Day" shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
Charitable Beneficiary. The term "Charitable Beneficiary" shall mean
one or more beneficiaries of the Charitable Trust as determined pursuant to
Section 3.7 of this Article VI, provided that each such organization must be
described in Sections 501(c)(3), 170(b)(1)(A)
(other than clause (vii) or (viii) thereof) and 170(c)(2) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.
Charitable Trust. The term "Charitable Trust" shall mean any trust provided for in Section 2.1(b)(i) and Section 3.1 of this Article VI.
Charitable Trustee. The term "Charitable Trustee" shall mean the Person, unaffiliated with the Corporation and a Prohibited Owner, that is appointed by the Corporation from time to time to serve as trustee of the Charitable Trust.
Closing Price. The "Closing Price" on any date shall mean the last sale price on such date for such shares of Capital Stock, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, for such shares of Capital Stock, in either case as reported on the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or, if such shares of Capital Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE, as reported on the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which such shares of Capital Stock are listed or admitted to trading or, if such shares of Capital Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices, in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the NASDAQ Stock Market or, if such system is no longer in use, the principal other automated quotation system that may then be in use or, if such shares of Capital Stock are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such shares of Capital Stock selected by the Board of Directors or, in the event that no trading price is available for such shares of Capital Stock, the fair market value of such shares, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors; provided, if the date for which such determination is to be made is a day that the NYSE is not open for trading, such determination shall be made for the most recent day for which the NYSE was open for trading.
Constructive Ownership. The term "Constructive Ownership" shall mean ownership of shares of Capital Stock by a Person, whether the interest in shares of Capital Stock is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include any interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 318(a) of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code. The terms "Constructive Owner," "Constructively Owns" and "Constructively Owned" shall have the correlative meanings.
ERISA Investor. The term "ERISA Investor" shall mean any holder of
shares of Capital Stock that is (i) an employee benefit plan subject to Title I
of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"),
(ii) a plan as defined in Section 4975(e) of the Code (any such employee benefit
plan or "plan" described in clause (i) or this clause (ii) being referred to
herein as a "Plan"), (iii) a trust which was established pursuant to a Plan, or
a nominee for such trust or Plan, or (iv) an entity whose underlying assets
include assets of a Plan by reason of such Plan's investment in such entity.
Excepted Holder. The term "Excepted Holder" shall mean a stockholder of the Corporation for whom an Excepted Holder Limit is created by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 2.7 of this Article VI.
Excepted Holder Limit. The term "Excepted Holder Limit" shall mean,
provided that (and only so long as) the affected Excepted Holder complies with
all of the requirements established by the Board of Directors pursuant to
Section 2.7 of this Article VI, and subject to adjustment pursuant to Section
2.8 of this Article VI, the percentage limit established by the Board of
Directors pursuant to Section 2.7 of this Article VI.
Initial Date. The date upon which the Articles of Amendment and Restatement containing this Article VI are filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland.
Market Price. The term "Market Price" on any date shall mean, with respect to any class or series of outstanding shares of Capital Stock, the Closing Price for such shares of Capital Stock on such date.
NYSE. The term "NYSE" shall mean the New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Ownership Limit. The term "Ownership Limit" shall mean (i) with respect to shares of Common Stock, 9.8% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding Common Stock of the Corporation; and (ii) with respect to any class or series of shares of Preferred Stock or other stock, 9.8% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of such class or series of Preferred Stock or other stock of the Corporation.
Person. The term "Person" shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Sections 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company, limited liability company, or other entity and also includes a group as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Prohibited Owner. The term "Prohibited Owner" shall mean any Person who, but for the provisions of Section 2.1 of this Article VI, would Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock, and if appropriate in the context, shall also mean any Person who would have been the record owner of shares of Capital Stock that the Prohibited Owner would have so owned.
Publicly Offered Securities. The term "Publicly Offered Securities" shall have the meaning provided in 29 C.F.R Section 2510.3-101(b)(2), or any successor regulation thereto.
Restriction Termination Date. The term "Restriction Termination Date" shall mean the first day after the Initial Date on which the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt to, or continue to, qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions and limitations on Beneficial Ownership, Constructive
Ownership and Transfers of shares of Capital Stock set forth herein is no longer required in order for the Corporation to qualify as a REIT.
Transfer. The term "Transfer" shall mean any issuance, sale, transfer,
gift, assignment, devise or other disposition, as well as any other event (or
any agreement to take any such actions or cause any such events) that causes any
Person to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of shares of
Capital Stock or the right to vote or receive dividends on shares of Capital
Stock, including without limitation, (a) a change in the capital structure of
the Corporation, (b) a change in the relationship between two or more Persons
which causes a change in ownership of shares of Capital Stock by application of
either Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h) of the Code or
Section 318(a) of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code, (c)
the grant or exercise of any option or warrant (or any disposition of any option
or warrant, or any event that causes any option or warrant not theretofore
exercisable to become exercisable), pledge, security interest or similar right
to acquire shares of Capital Stock, (d) any disposition of any securities or
rights convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Capital Stock or any
interest in shares of Capital Stock or any exercise of any such conversion or
exchange right, and (e) Transfers of interests in other entities that result in
changes in Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of shares of Capital
Stock. For purposes of this Article VI, the right of a limited partner in
Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (or any successor thereto), to require
the partnership to redeem such limited partner's units of limited partnership
interest pursuant to Section 7.4 of the Agreement of Limited Partnership of
Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership shall not be considered to be an option
or similar right to acquire shares of Capital Stock of the Corporation so long
as such Section 7.4 is not amended in a manner that would grant to a limited
partner a legal right to require that either Ashford Hospitality Limited
Partnership (or any successor thereto) or the Corporation issue to such limited
partner shares of Capital Stock and so long as the restrictions in Section 7.4
of such Agreement apply to the exercise of the rights set forth in such Section
7.4. The terms "Transferring" and "Transferred" shall have the correlative
meanings.
Section 2. Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer of Shares.
Section 2.1 Ownership Limitations. During the period commencing on the Initial Date and ending at the close of business on the Restriction Termination Date:
(a) Basic Restrictions.
(i) (1) No Person, other than an Excepted Holder, shall Beneficially Own shares of Capital Stock in excess of the Ownership Limit, and (2) no Excepted Holder shall Beneficially Own shares of Capital Stock in excess of the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder.
(ii) No Person shall Beneficially Own or
Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock to the extent that
(1) such Beneficial Ownership of shares of Capital Stock would
result in the Corporation being "closely held" within the
meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to
whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of
a taxable year), (2) such Constructive Ownership would cause
either the Corporation to be considered to constructively own
after
application of the constructive ownership rules of Section 856(d)(5) of the Code an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code for purposes of applying Section 856(c) of the Code or Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (or any successor thereto) to be considered to constructively own after application of the constructive ownership rules of Section 856(d)(5) of the Code, as modified by the rules of Section 7704(d) of the Code, an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code for purposes of applying Section 7704(d) of the Code, or (3) such Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of shares of Capital Stock would result in the Corporation otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT or Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (or any successor thereto) to fail to qualify as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.
(iii) No Person shall Transfer any shares of Capital Stock if, as a result of the Transfer, the outstanding shares of all classes and series of Capital Stock would be Beneficially Owned by less than 100 Persons (determined without reference to the rules of attribution under Section 544 of the Code). Subject to Section 5 of this Article VI and notwithstanding any other provisions contained herein, any Transfer of shares of Capital Stock (whether or not such Transfer is the result of a transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system) that, if effective, would result in outstanding shares of all classes and series of Capital Stock being Beneficially Owned by less than 100 Persons (determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code) shall be void ab initio, and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such shares of Capital Stock.
(b) Transfer in Trust. If any Transfer of shares of Capital Stock (whether or not such Transfer is the result of a transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system) occurs which, if effective, would result in any Person Beneficially Owning or Constructively Owning shares of Capital Stock in violation of Section 2.1(a)(i) or 2.1(a)(ii) of this Article VI, as applicable,
(i) then that number of shares of Capital Stock the
Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of which
otherwise would cause such Person to violate Section 2.1(a)(i)
or 2.1(a)(ii) (rounded upward to the nearest whole share)
shall be automatically transferred to a Charitable Trust for
the benefit of a Charitable Beneficiary, as described in
Section 3, effective as of the close of business on the
Business Day prior to the date of such Transfer, and such
Person shall acquire no rights in such shares of Capital
Stock; or
(ii) if the transfer to the Charitable Trust described in clause (i) of this sentence would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation of Section 2.1(a)(i) or 2.1(a)(ii), as applicable, then the Transfer of that number of shares of Capital Stock that otherwise would cause any Person to violate Section 2.1(a)(i) or 2.1(a)(ii), as applicable, shall be void ab initio, and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such shares of Capital Stock.
Section 2.2 Remedies for Breach. If the Board of Directors or
any duly authorized committee thereof shall at any time determine in
good faith that a Transfer or other event has taken place that results
in a violation of Section 2.1 of this Article VI or that a Person
intends to acquire or has attempted to acquire Beneficial Ownership or
Constructive Ownership of any shares of Capital Stock in violation of
Section 2.1 (whether or not such violation is intended), the Board of
Directors or a committee thereof shall take such action as it deems
advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such Transfer or
other event, including, without limitation, causing the Corporation to
redeem shares of Capital Stock, refusing to give effect to such
Transfer on the books of the Corporation or instituting proceedings to
enjoin such Transfer or other event; provided, however, that any
Transfer or attempted Transfer or other event in violation of Section
2.1 shall automatically result in the transfer to the Charitable Trust
described above, and, where applicable under Section 2.1(b)(ii), such
Transfer (or other event) shall be void ab initio as provided above
irrespective of any action (or non-action) by the Board of Directors or
a committee thereof.
Section 2.3 Notice of Restricted Transfer. Any Person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of shares of Capital Stock that will or may violate Section 2.1(a), or any Person who would have owned shares of Capital Stock that resulted in a transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.1(b), shall immediately give written notice to the Corporation of such event, or in the case of such a proposed or attempted transaction, give at least 15 days prior written notice, and shall provide to the Corporation such other information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such acquisition or ownership on the Corporation's status as a REIT.
Section 2.4 Owners Required To Provide Information. During the period commencing on the Initial Date and ending at the close of business on the Restriction Termination Date:
(a) Every stockholder of record of more than five percent (or such lower percentage as required by the Code or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) of the outstanding shares of Capital Stock, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, shall give written notice to the Corporation stating the name and address of such owner, the number of shares Beneficially Owned, and a description of the manner in which such shares of Capital Stock are held; provided that a stockholder of record who holds outstanding shares of Capital Stock as nominee for another Person, which other Person is required to include in gross income the dividends received on such shares (an "Actual Owner"), shall give written notice to the Corporation stating the name and address of such Actual Owner and the number of shares of Capital Stock of such Actual Owner with respect to which the stockholder of record is nominee. Each such stockholder of record and each Actual Owner shall provide to the Corporation such additional information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Beneficial Ownership on the Corporation's status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Ownership Limit.
(b) Each Person who is a Beneficial Owner or Constructive Owner of shares of Capital Stock and each Person (including the stockholder of record) who is holding shares of Capital Stock for a Beneficial Owner or Constructive Owner shall provide to the Corporation such information as the Corporation may request, in good faith, in order to determine the Corporation's status as a REIT and to comply with requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.
Section 2.5 Remedies Not Limited. Subject to Section 5 of this Article VI, nothing contained in this Section 2 shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors to take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and the interests of its stockholders in preserving the Corporation's status as a REIT.
Section 2.6 Ambiguity. In the case of an ambiguity in the application of any of the provisions of this Section 2, Section 3 or any definition contained in Section 1 of this Article VI, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the application of the provisions of this Section 2 or Section 3 with respect to any situation based upon the facts known to it. If Section 2 or 3 requires an action by the Board of Directors and the Charter of the Corporation fails to provide specific guidance with respect to such action, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the action to be taken so long as such action is not contrary to the provisions of Sections 1, 2 or 3 of this Article VI.
Section 2.7 Exceptions.
(a) The Board of Directors, in its sole and absolute
discretion, may grant to any Person who makes a request therefor an
exception to the Ownership Limit (or one or more elements thereof) with
respect to the ownership of any series or class of Capital Stock of the
Corporation, subject to the following conditions and limitations: (A)
the Board of Directors shall have determined that (x) assuming such
Person would Beneficially Own or Constructively Own the maximum amount
of shares of Common Stock and stock of the Corporation (other than
Common Stock) permitted as a result of the exception to be granted and
(y) assuming that all other Persons who would be treated as
"individuals" for purposes of Section 542(a)(2) of the Code (determined
taking into account Section 856(h)(3)(A) of the Code) would
Beneficially Own or Constructively Own the maximum amount of shares of
Common Stock and stock of the Corporation (other than Common Stock)
permitted under this Article VI (taking into account any exception,
waiver or exemption granted under this Section 2.7 to (or with respect
to) such Persons), the Corporation would not be "closely held" within
the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (assuming that the ownership
of shares of Capital Stock is determined during the second half of a
taxable year) and would not otherwise fail to qualify as a REIT; and
(B) such Person provides to the Board of Directors such representations
and undertakings, if any, as the Board of Directors may, in its sole
and absolute discretion, determine to be necessary in order for it to
make the determination that the conditions set forth in clause (A)
above of this Section 2.7(a) have been and/or will continue to be
satisfied (including, without limitation, an agreement as to a reduced
Ownership Limit or Excepted Holder Limit for such Person with respect
to the Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of one or more
other classes or series of shares of Capital Stock not subject to the
exception), and such Person agrees that any violation of such
representations and undertakings or any attempted violation thereof will result in the application of the remedies set forth in Section 2 of this Article VI with respect to shares of Capital Stock held in excess of the Ownership Limit or the Excepted Holder Limit (as may be applicable) with respect to such Person (determined without regard to the exception granted such Person under this subparagraph (a)). If a member of the Board of Directors requests that the Board of Directors grant an exception pursuant to this subparagraph (a) with respect to such member, or with respect to any other Person if such member would be considered to be the Beneficial Owner or Constructive Owner of shares of Capital Stock owned by such other Person, such member of the Board of Directors shall not participate in the decision of the Board of Directors as to whether to grant any such exception.
(b) In addition to exceptions permitted under subparagraph (a) above, the Board of Directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, may grant to any Person who makes a request therefor (a "Requesting Person") an exception from the Ownership Limit (or one or more elements thereof) if:
(i) such Person submits to the Board of Directors information satisfactory to the Board of Directors, in its reasonable discretion, demonstrating that such Requesting Person is not an individual for purposes of Section 542(a)(2) of the Code (determined taking into account Section 856(h)(3)(A) of the Code);
(ii) such Requesting Person submits to the Board of Directors information satisfactory to the Board of Directors, in its reasonable discretion, demonstrating that no Person who is an individual for purposes of Section 542(a)(2) of the Code (determined taking into account Section 856(h)(3)(A) of the Code) would be considered to Beneficially Own shares of Capital Stock in excess of the Ownership Limit by reason of the Requesting Person's ownership of shares of Capital Stock in excess of the Ownership Limit pursuant to the exception granted under this subparagraph (b);
(iii) such Requesting Person submits to the Board of Directors information satisfactory to the Board of Directors, in its reasonable discretion, demonstrating that neither clause (2) nor clause (3) of subparagraph (a)(ii) of Section 2.1 will be violated by reason of the Requesting Person's ownership of shares of Capital Stock in excess of the Ownership Limit pursuant to the exception granted under this subparagraph (b); and
(iv) such Requesting Person provides to the Board of
Directors such representations and undertakings, if any, as
the Board of Directors may, in its sole and absolute
discretion, require to ensure that the conditions in clauses
(i), (ii) and (iii) hereof are satisfied and will continue to
be satisfied throughout the period during which such
Requesting Person owns shares of Capital Stock in excess of
the Ownership Limit pursuant to any exception thereto granted
under this subparagraph (b), and such Requesting Person agrees
that any violation of such representations and undertakings or
any attempted violation thereof will result in the application
of the remedies set forth in Section 2 of this Article VI with
respect to shares of Capital Stock held in excess of the Ownership Limit with respect to such Requesting Person (determined without regard to the exception granted such Requesting Person under this subparagraph (b)).
(c) Prior to granting any exception or exemption pursuant to subparagraph (a) or (b), the Board of Directors may require a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance satisfactory to the Board of Directors, in its sole and absolute discretion as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to determine or ensure the Corporation's status as a REIT; provided, however, that the Board of Directors shall not be obligated to require obtaining a favorable ruling or opinion in order to grant an exception hereunder.
(d) Subject to Section 2.1(a)(ii), an underwriter that participates in a public offering or a private placement of shares of Capital Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Capital Stock) may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Capital Stock) in excess of the Ownership Limit, but only to the extent necessary to facilitate such public offering or private placement; and provided, that the ownership of shares of Capital Stock by such underwriter would not result in the Corporation being "closely held" within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, or otherwise result in the Corporation's failing to qualify as a REIT. In this regard, at no time may either (x) an underwriter, or (y) any Person who would Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock owned by an underwriter Constructively Own, concurrently, 10% or more of the outstanding securities of any class or series of (i) the Corporation and any tenant or lessee of the Corporation, or (ii) the Corporation and any Person that would be considered to Constructively Own or Beneficially Own 10% or more of any tenant or lessee of the Corporation.
(e) The Board of Directors may only reduce the Excepted Holder Limit for an Excepted Holder: (1) with the written consent of such Excepted Holder at any time or (2) pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreements and undertakings entered into with such Excepted Holder in connection with the establishment of the Excepted Holder Limit for that Excepted Holder. No Excepted Holder Limit shall be reduced to a percentage that is less than the Ownership Limit.
Section 2.8 Increase or Decrease in Ownership Limit. The Board of Directors may from time to time increase or decrease the Ownership Limit, subject to the limitations provided in this Section 2.8.
(a) Any decrease may be made only prospectively as to subsequent holders (other than a decrease as a result of a retroactive change in existing law, in which case such change shall be effective immediately); and further, any decrease may be made only to ensure the Corporation's status as a REIT.
(b) The Ownership Limit may not be increased if, after giving effect to such increase, five Persons who are considered individuals pursuant to Section 542 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h)(3) of the Code (taking into account all of the
Excepted Holders), could Beneficially Own, in the aggregate, more than 49.5% of the value of the outstanding shares of Capital Stock.
(c) Prior to the modification of the Ownership Limit pursuant to this Section 2.8, the Board of Directors may require such opinions of counsel, affidavits, undertakings or agreements as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to determine or ensure the Corporation's status as a REIT if the modification in the Ownership Limit were to be made.
Section 2.9 Legend. Each certificate for shares of Capital Stock (or securities exercisable for or convertible into shares of Capital Stock) shall bear substantially the following legend:
The shares of Capital Stock represented by this certificate are
subject to restrictions on Beneficial Ownership and Constructive
Ownership and Transfer primarily for the purpose of the
Corporation's maintenance of its status as a real estate
investment trust (a "REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the "Code"). Except as expressly provided in the
Corporation's Charter, (i) no Person may Beneficially Own or
Constructively Own shares of Common Stock of the Corporation in
excess of 9.8 percent (in value or number of shares, whichever is
more restrictive) of the outstanding Common Stock of the
Corporation unless such Person is an Excepted Holder (in which
case the Excepted Holder Limit shall be applicable); (ii) with
respect to any class or series of shares of Capital Stock other
than Common Stock, no Person may Beneficially Own or
Constructively Own more than 9.8 percent (in value or number of
shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares
of such class or series of such stock of the Corporation
(collectively, (i) and (ii) are referred to herein as the
"Ownership Limit"), unless such Person is an Excepted Holder (in
which case the Excepted Holder Limit shall be applicable); (iii)
no Person may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of
Capital Stock that would result in the Corporation being "closely
held" under Section 856(h) of the Code, would cause either the
Corporation to be considered to constructively own after
application of the constructive ownership rules of Section
856(d)(5) of the Code an interest in a tenant that is described in
Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code for purposes of applying Section
856(c) of the Code or Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (or
any successor thereto) to be considered to constructively own
after application of the constructive ownership rules of Section
856(d)(5) of the Code, as modified by the rules of Section 7704(d)
of the Code, an interest in a tenant that is described in Section
856(d)(2)(B) of the Code for purposes of applying Section 7704(d)
of the Code, or otherwise would cause the Corporation to fail to
qualify as a REIT under the Code; and (iv) no Person may Transfer
shares of Capital Stock if such Transfer would result in shares of
Capital Stock of the Corporation being owned by fewer than 100
Persons. An "Excepted Holder" means a stockholder of the
Corporation for whom an Excepted
Holder Limit is created by the Board of Directors. Any Person who Beneficially Owns or Constructively Owns or attempts to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock which cause or will cause a Person to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in excess or in violation of the above limitations must immediately notify the Corporation. If any of the restrictions on Transfer are violated, the shares of Capital Stock represented hereby will be automatically transferred to a Charitable Trustee of a Charitable Trust for the benefit (except as otherwise provided in the Charter of the Corporation) of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events, attempted Transfers in violation of the restrictions described above may be void ab initio. A Person who attempts to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in violation of the Transfer restrictions described above shall have no claim, cause of action or any recourse whatsoever against a transferor of such shares of Capital Stock. All capitalized terms in this legend have the meanings defined in the Corporation's charter, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of which, including the restrictions on Transfer, will be furnished to each holder of shares of Capital Stock of the Corporation on request and without charge.
Instead of the foregoing legend, the certificate may state that the Corporation will furnish a full statement about certain restrictions on transferability to a stockholder on request and without charge.
Section 3. Transfer of Shares of Capital Stock in the Corporation.
Section 3.1 Ownership in Trust. Upon any purported Transfer or
other event described in Section 2.1(b) that would result in a transfer
of shares of Capital Stock to a Charitable Trust, such shares of
Capital Stock shall be deemed to have been transferred to the
Charitable Trustee as trustee of a Charitable Trust for the exclusive
benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries (except to the extent
otherwise provided in Section 3.5). Such transfer to the Charitable
Trustee shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on
the Business Day prior to any purported Transfer or other event that
otherwise results in the transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to
Section 2.1(b). The Charitable Trustee shall be appointed by the
Corporation and shall be a Person unaffiliated with the Corporation and
any Prohibited Owner. Each Charitable Beneficiary shall be designated
by the Corporation as provided in Section 3.7.
Section 3.2 Status of Shares of Capital Stock Held by the Charitable Trustee. Shares of Capital Stock held by the Charitable Trustee shall be issued and outstanding shares of Capital Stock of the Corporation. The Prohibited Owner shall have no rights in the shares of Capital Stock held by the Charitable Trustee. The Prohibited Owner shall not benefit economically from ownership of any shares of Capital Stock held in trust by the Charitable Trustee (except to the extent otherwise provided in Section 3.5), shall have no rights to dividends or other distributions, and shall not possess any rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares of Capital Stock held in the Charitable Trust. The
Prohibited Owner shall have no claim, cause of action or other recourse whatsoever against the purported transferor of such shares of Capital Stock.
Section 3.3 Dividend and Voting Rights. The Charitable Trustee shall have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares of Capital Stock held in the Charitable Trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary (except to the extent otherwise provided in Section 3.5). Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to the discovery by the Corporation that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Charitable Trustee shall be paid with respect to such shares of Capital Stock to the Charitable Trustee upon demand and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid when due to the Charitable Trustee. Any dividends or distributions so paid over to the Charitable Trustee shall be held in trust for the Charitable Beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner shall have no voting rights with respect to shares of Capital Stock held in the Charitable Trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Charitable Trustee, the Charitable Trustee shall have the authority (at the Charitable Trustee's sole discretion) (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by a Prohibited Owner prior to the discovery by the Corporation that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Charitable Trustee and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the Charitable Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary; provided, however, that if the Corporation has already taken irreversible action, then the Charitable Trustee shall not have the power to rescind and recast such vote. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article VI, until the Corporation has received notification that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred into a Charitable Trust, the Corporation shall be entitled to rely on its share transfer and other shareholder records for purposes of preparing lists of stockholders entitled to vote at meetings, determining the validity and authority of proxies, and otherwise conducting votes of stockholders.
Section 3.4 Rights Upon Liquidation. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of or any distribution of the assets of the Corporation, the Charitable Trustee shall be entitled to receive, ratably with each other holder of shares of Capital Stock of the class or series of shares of Capital Stock that is held in the Charitable Trust, that portion of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to the holders of such class or series (determined based upon the ratio that the number of shares of such class or series of shares of Capital Stock held by the Charitable Trustee bears to the total number of shares of Capital Stock of such class or series of shares of Capital Stock then outstanding). The Charitable Trustee shall distribute any such assets received in respect of the shares of Capital Stock held in the Charitable Trust in any liquidation, dissolution or winding up or distribution of the assets of the Corporation, in accordance with Section 3.5.
Section 3.5 Sale of Shares by Charitable Trustee.
(a) Within 20 days of receiving notice from the Corporation that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Charitable Trust, the Charitable Trustee of the Charitable Trust shall sell the shares of Capital Stock held in the Charitable Trust
(together with the right to receive dividends or other distributions with respect to such shares of Capital Stock as to any shares of Capital Stock transferred to the Charitable Trustee as a result of the operation of Section 2.1(b)) to a person, designated by the Charitable Trustee, whose ownership of the shares of Capital Stock will not violate the ownership limitations set forth in Section 2.1(a). Upon such sale, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares of Capital Stock sold shall terminate and the Charitable Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and to the Charitable Beneficiary as provided in this Section 3.5.
(b) A Prohibited Owner shall receive the lesser of (1) the net price paid by the Prohibited Owner for the shares of Capital Stock or, if the Prohibited Owner did not give value for the shares of Capital Stock in connection with the event causing the shares of Capital Stock to be held in the Charitable Trust (e.g., in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the Market Price of the shares of Capital Stock on the day of the event causing the shares of Capital Stock to be held in the Charitable Trust, and (2) the net sales proceeds per share received by the Charitable Trustee from the sale or other disposition of the shares of Capital Stock held in the Charitable Trust. Any net sales proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner shall be immediately paid to the Charitable Beneficiary. If, prior to the discovery by the Corporation that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Charitable Trustee, such shares of Capital Stock are sold by a Prohibited Owner, then (i) such shares of Capital Stock shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Charitable Trust and (ii) to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for such shares of Capital Stock that exceeds the amount that such Prohibited Owner was entitled to receive pursuant to this Section 3.5, such excess shall be paid to the Charitable Trustee upon demand.
Section 3.6 Purchase Right in Shares of Capital Stock Transferred to the Charitable Trustee. Shares of Capital Stock transferred to the Charitable Trustee shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to the Corporation, or its designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in such transfer to the Charitable Trust (or, in the case of a devise, gift or other such transaction, the Market Price of the shares of Capital Stock on the day of the event causing the shares of Capital Stock to be held in the Charitable Trust) and (ii) the Market Price on the date the Corporation, or its designee, accepts such offer. The Corporation shall have the right to accept such offer until the Charitable Trustee has sold the shares of Capital Stock held in the Charitable Trust pursuant to Section 3.5. Upon such a sale to the Corporation, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares of Capital Stock sold shall terminate and the Charitable Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner.
Section 3.7 Designation of Charitable Beneficiaries. By written notice to the Charitable Trustee, the Corporation shall designate from time to time one or more nonprofit organizations to be the Charitable Beneficiary of the interest in the Charitable Trust such that (i) shares of Capital Stock held in the Charitable Trust would not violate the restrictions set forth in Section 2.1(a) in the hands of such Charitable Beneficiary and (ii) each such organization must be described in Sections 501(c)(3), 170(b)(1)(A) or
170(c)(2) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.
Section 4. Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer of Shares of Capital Stock by Benefit Plans.
Section 4.1 Ownership Limitations. Notwithstanding any other provisions herein, if and to the extent that any class or series of shares of Capital Stock do not constitute Publicly Offered Securities, then Benefit Plan Investors may not, on any date, hold, individually or in the aggregate, 25 percent or more of the value of such class or series of shares of Capital Stock. For purposes of determining whether Benefit Plan Investors hold, individually or in the aggregate, 25 percent or more of the value of such class or series of shares of Capital Stock, the value of shares of Capital Stock of such class held by any director or officer of the Corporation, or any other Person who has discretionary authority or control with respect to the assets of the Corporation, or any Person who provides investment advice for a fee to the Corporation in connection with its assets, or an "affiliate" of such person, as defined in 29 C.F.R. Section 2510.3-101(f)(3), or any successor regulation thereto, shall be disregarded.
Section 4.2 Remedies for Violations by Benefit Plan Investors. If the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof shall at any time determine in good faith that (i) a Transfer or other event has taken place that results in a violation of Section 4.1 or will otherwise result in the underlying assets and property of the Corporation becoming assets of any ERISA Investor or (ii) that a Person intends to acquire or has attempted to acquire or hold shares of Capital Stock in a manner that will result in a violation of Section 4.1 or will otherwise result in the underlying assets and property of the Corporation becoming assets of any ERISA Investor, the Board of Directors or a committee thereof shall take such action as it deems advisable to mitigate, prevent or cure the consequences that might result to the Corporation from such Transfer or other event, including without limitation, refusing to give effect to or preventing such Transfer or event through redemption of such shares of Capital Stock or refusal to give effect to the Transfer or event on the books of the Corporation or instituting proceedings to enjoin such Transfer or other event.
Section 4.3 Information on Benefit Plan Status. Any Person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire or hold shares of Capital Stock shall provide to the Corporation such information as the Corporation may request in order to determine whether such acquisition or holding has resulted or will result in a violation of Section 4.1 or otherwise has resulted or will result in the underlying assets and property of the Corporation becoming assets of any ERISA Investor, including the name and address of any Person for whom a nominee holds shares of Capital Stock and whether the underlying assets of such Person include assets of any Benefit Plan Investor.
Section 5. NYSE TRANSACTIONS. Nothing in this Article VI shall preclude the settlement of any transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system. The fact that the settlement of any transaction takes place shall not negate the effect of any other provision of this Article VI and
any transferee in such a transaction shall be subject to all of the provisions and limitations set forth in this Article VI.
Section 6. ENFORCEMENT. The Corporation is authorized specifically to seek equitable relief, including injunctive relief, to enforce the provisions of this Article VI.
Section 7. NON-WAIVER. No delay or failure on the part of the Corporation or the Board of Directors in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of any right of the Corporation or the Board of Directors, as the case may be, except to the extent specifically waived in writing.
Section 8. ENFORCEABILITY. If any of the restrictions on transfer of shares of Capital Stock contained in this Article VI are determined to be void, invalid or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Prohibited Owner may be deemed, at the option of the Corporation, to have acted as an agent of the Corporation in acquiring such shares and to hold such shares on behalf of the Corporation.
Section 9. AMENDMENTS. Notwithstanding any other provisions of the MGCL or the Charter of the Corporation to the contrary, the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast thereon shall be required to amend, alter, change, repeal, or adopt any provisions inconsistent with, the provisions of this Article VI.
ARTICLE VII
DIRECTORS
Section 1. GENERAL. All powers of the Corporation shall be exercised by or under the direction of the Board of Directors except as otherwise provided herein or required by law.
Section 2. ELECTION OF DIRECTORS. Directors of the Corporation shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at any meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected and at which a quorum is present. Election of directors need not be by written ballot.
Section 3. NUMBER AND TERMS OF DIRECTORS. The number of directors of the Corporation shall initially be fixed at two (2), which number may be increased or decreased pursuant to the Bylaws, but shall never be less than the minimum number required by the MGCL. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders and each director shall be elected to serve for a term of one year and until his successor shall be elected and shall qualify or until his earlier resignation or removal. The names of the directors who shall serve until the first annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are duly elected and qualify are:
Archie Bennett, Jr., Chairman of the Board Montgomery J. Bennett
Section 4. NOMINATIONS OF DIRECTOR CANDIDATES. Advance notice of nominations for the election of directors, other than by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof, shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws.
Section 5. COMMITTEES. Subject to the MGCL, the directors may establish such committees as they deem appropriate, in their discretion.
Section 6. VACANCIES. Subject to the provisions of the MGCL, any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors, including any vacancy created by reason of any increase in the number of directors or resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other cause, may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though there may be less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the new directorship so created or of the directorship with respect to which such vacancy occurred, as the case may be, and until such director's successor shall have been elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. In the event of vacancy in the Board of Directors, the remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law, may exercise the powers of the full Board of Directors until the vacancy is filled.
Section 7. RESIGNATION. Any director may resign by written notice to the Board of Directors, effective upon execution and delivery to the Corporation of such written notice or upon any future date specified in the notice.
Section 8. VOTING. At all meetings of the Board of Directors or of any committee of the Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided for by law, this Charter or the Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors shall be by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then present for quorum purposes; provided, however, that a majority of the disinterested directors shall approve any transaction or agreement involving the Corporation, its wholly-owned subsidiaries or Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership and a director or officer of the Corporation or an Affiliate or Associate of any director or officer of the Corporation. The proviso in the preceding sentence, however, shall not apply to the fixing by the Board of Directors of reasonable compensation for a director.
Section 9. DETERMINATIONS BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Directors consistent with the Charter and in the absence of actual receipt of an improper benefit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a court, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Corporation and every holder of shares of its stock: the amount of the net income of the Corporation for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of its stock or the payment of other distributions on its stock; the amount of paid-in surplus, net assets, other surplus, annual or other net profit, net assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on sales of assets; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged); the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the Corporation; and any matters relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any assets by the Corporation.
Section 10. BUSINESS COMBINATION STATUTE. Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles of Amendment and Restatement or any contrary provision of law, the Maryland
Business Combination Statute, found in Title 3, subtitle 6 of the MGCL, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto, shall not apply to any "business combination" (as defined in Section 3-601(e) of the MGCL, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto) of the Corporation and any Person.
Section 11. CONTROL SHARE ACQUISITION STATUTE. Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles of Amendment and Restatement or any contrary provision of law, the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Statute, found in Title 3, subtitle 7 of the MGCL, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto shall not apply to any acquisition of securities of the Corporation by any Person.
Section 12. UNSOLICITED TAKEOVERS. Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles of Amendment and Restatement or any contrary provision of law, Title 3, subtitle 8 of the MGCL, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto, shall not apply to the Corporation.
ARTICLE VIII
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Section 1. LIMITATION OF DIRECTOR LIABILITY. To the maximum extent that Maryland law in effect from time to time permits limitation of the liability of directors and officers of a corporation, no director or officer of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for money damages. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article VIII, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of this Charter or the Bylaws inconsistent with this Article VIII shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.
ARTICLE IX
INDEMNIFICATION
The Corporation (a) shall indemnify its directors to the fullest extent
provided by the general laws of the State of Maryland now or hereafter in force,
including the advance of expenses under the procedures provided by such laws and
(b) may indemnify its officers to the extent it shall deem appropriate and as
shall be authorized by the Board of Directors, consistent with law. The
foregoing shall not limit the authority of the Corporation to indemnify other
employees and agents consistent with law.
ARTICLE X
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
The Bylaws of the Corporation may be altered, amended or repealed, and new bylaws adopted, by the vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors or by a vote of a majority of the voting power of the common stock of the Corporation.
ARTICLE XI
AMENDMENT OF ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
The Corporation reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment of this Charter, now or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment which alters the contract rights, as expressly set forth in the Charter, of any of its outstanding stock.
ARTICLE XII
DEFINITIONS
Except as otherwise defined in Article VI, for purposes of this Charter, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
"Affiliate" and "Associate" shall have the respective meanings set forth in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any subsequent provisions replacing such Act, rules and regulations.
"Business Day" shall mean each day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, which is not a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
"Group Acting in Concert" shall mean Persons seeking to combine or pool their voting or other interests in the securities of the Corporation for a common purpose, pursuant to any contract, understanding, relationship, agreement or other arrangement, whether written, oral or otherwise, or any group of Persons as described under Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (or any subsequent provisions replacing such Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder). When Persons act together for any such purpose, their group is deemed to have acquired their stock as a "Group Acting in Concert".
"Person" shall mean an individual or Group Acting in Concert, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a business trust, a government or political subdivision, any unincorporated organization, or any other association or entity.
THIRD: The foregoing Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Charter, and the amendment set forth therein, were duly advised by the Board of Directors, and approved by the stockholders of the Corporation as required by law.
FOURTH: The current address of the principal office of the Corporation is as set forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter.
FIFTH: The name and address of the Corporation's current resident agent is as set forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter.
SIXTH: The number of directors of the Corporation and the names of those currently in office are as set forth in Article VII of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter. The undersigned President acknowledges these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be the corporate act of the Corporation and as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned President acknowledges that, to the best of his knowledge, information and
belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its President and attested to by its Secretary on this _____ day of __________, 2003.
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
ATTEST:
EXHIBIT 3.2
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
ARTICLE I
STOCKHOLDERS
SECTION 1. ANNUAL MEETING. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held upon reasonable notice and not less than 30 days after delivery of the annual report, at the principal office of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the "Corporation") at ten o'clock a.m. unless a different hour, or place is fixed by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 2. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED AT ANNUAL MEETING. At an annual meeting of stockholders, other than the election of directors as provided in Article II hereof, only such business shall be conducted, and only such proposals shall be acted upon, as shall have been properly brought before the annual meeting (a) pursuant to the notice of meeting delivered to stockholders in accordance with Section 4 of this Article I, (b) by, or at the direction of, a majority of the Board of Directors or (c) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving notice provided for in Section 2 and at the time of the meeting is entitled to vote at the meeting and complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2. For a proposal to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the mailing of the notice for the preceding year's annual meeting (for purposes of the Corporation's 2004 annual meeting, notice of the preceding year's annual meeting shall be deemed to have been mailed on March 31, 2003); provided, however, that in the event that the date of the mailing of the notice for the current year's annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the first anniversary of the date of mailing the notice for the preceding year's annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the date of mailing of the notice for such annual meeting (or the tenth day following the day on which disclosure of the date mailing of the notice for such meeting is made, if later). In no event shall the public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder's notice as described above.
A stockholder's notice must contain, as of the date such notice is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation,:
(a) the name and address of the stockholder delivering the notice;
(b) a statement with respect to the amount of the Corporation's stock beneficially and/or legally owned by such stockholder;
(c) the nature of any such beneficial ownership of such stock, the beneficial ownership of any such stock legally held by such stockholder but beneficially owned by one or more others, and the length of time for which all such stock has been beneficially and/or legally owned by such stockholder; and
(d) a description of the proposed business to be brought before the meeting, the reason for conducting such business at the meeting, and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made.
The presiding officer of the meeting shall have the discretion to declare at the meeting that any business proposed by a stockholder to be considered at the meeting is out of order and that such business shall not be transacted at the meeting if:
(a) the presiding officer concludes that the matter has been proposed in a manner inconsistent with this Section 2; or
(b) the presiding officer concludes that the subject matter of the proposed business is inappropriate for consideration by the stockholders at the meeting.
This provision shall not prevent the consideration and approval or disapproval at the annual meeting of reports of officers, directors and committees of the Board of Directors, but in connection with such reports, no new business shall be acted upon at such annual meeting unless stated, filed and received as herein provided.
SECTION 3. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED AT ANNUAL MEETINGS AND SPECIAL MEETINGS. The purpose of each annual meeting of the stockholders is to elect directors of the Corporation and to transact such other business as may be properly brought forth at such annual meeting in accordance with Section 2 above. Only those matters set forth in the notice of a special meeting, as set forth in Section 4 below, may be considered or acted upon at such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law.
SECTION 4. NOTICE OF MEETINGS; ADJOURNMENTS. A written notice of all annual meetings of stockholders stating the hour, date and place of such annual meetings and, to the extent required by the Maryland General Corporation Law, the purpose for which the meeting has been called shall be given by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary (or other person authorized by these Bylaws or by law) not less than 10 days nor more than 90 days before the meeting, unless any provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law prescribe a different period of notice, to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting or to each stockholder who, under the Charter, as amended from time to time or under these Bylaws, is entitled to such notice, by delivering such notice to him or by mailing it, postage prepaid, addressed to such stockholder at the address of such stockholder as it appears on the Corporation's stock transfer books or by any other means permitted by Maryland law. Such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when hand delivered to such address or if mailed, when deposited in the mail so addressed, with postage prepaid.
Subject to the provisions of Section 12 of this Article I, notice of all special meetings of stockholders shall be given in the same manner as provided for annual meetings of the stockholders, except that the written notice of all special meetings shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting has been called.
Notice of an annual or special meeting of stockholders need not be given to a stockholder if a written waiver of notice is executed before or after such meeting by such stockholder, or if
such stockholder attends such meeting in person or by proxy. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any annual or special meeting of stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice.
Any previously scheduled meeting of the stockholders may be postponed, and any special meeting of the stockholders may be canceled, by resolution of the Board of Directors upon public notice given prior to the date previously scheduled for such meeting of stockholders. When any annual or special meeting of stockholders is adjourned to another hour, date or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting other than an announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken of the hour, date and place to which the meeting is adjourned; provided, however, that if the adjournment is to a date more than 120 days after the original record date, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given, as in the case of the original meeting, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting on notice thereof.
SECTION 5. QUORUM. Except as otherwise provided by law, stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any annual or special meeting of stockholders; but if less than a quorum is present at a meeting, stockholders present or the presiding officer may adjourn the meeting from time to time, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice, except as provided in Section 4 of this Article I. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. The stockholders present at a duly constituted meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.
SECTION 6. VOTING AND PROXIES. Stockholders shall have one vote for each share of stock entitled to vote owned by them of record according to the books of the Corporation, unless otherwise provided by law or by the Charter. Stockholders may vote either in person or by written proxy, but no proxy shall be voted or acted upon after eleven months from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Proxies shall be filed with the Secretary of the meeting before being voted. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a stockholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise, and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger.
SECTION 7. ACTION AT MEETING. When a quorum is present, any matter before any annual or special meeting of stockholders shall be decided by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of stock voting on such matter, except where a larger vote is required by law, by the Charter or by these Bylaws. Any election of directors by stockholders shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast, except where a larger vote is required by law, by the Charter or by these Bylaws. The Corporation shall not directly or indirectly vote any shares of its own stock except as to shares which it holds in a fiduciary capacity or except as otherwise permitted by law. An abstention shall not be deemed a vote cast.
SECTION 8. INSPECTORS OF ELECTION. The Board of Directors by resolutions may appoint one or more inspectors, which inspector or inspectors may include individuals who serve the Corporation in other capacities, including, without limitation, as officers, employees, agents or
representatives, to act at a meeting of stockholders and make a written report thereof. One or more persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate has been appointed by the Board of Directors to act or is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the presiding officer of the meeting may appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall have the duties prescribed by law. The presiding officer of the meeting shall fix and announce at the meeting the date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting.
SECTION 9. LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE. The Secretary shall make, or shall cause to be made, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares of stock registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.
SECTION 10. PRESIDING OFFICER. The presiding officer at all annual or special meetings of stockholders shall have the power, among other things, to adjourn such meeting at any time and from time to time, subject to Sections 4 and 5 of this Article I. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of the stockholders shall be determined by the presiding officer.
SECTION 11. STOCKHOLDER ACTION. Except as otherwise required by law and
subject to the rights of the holders of any shares or series of stock having a
preference over the common stock as to dividends, or upon liquidation, special
meetings of the holders of common stock of the Corporation may be called only by
(i) the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the directors then in office, (ii) the Chairman of the
Board of Directors, if one is elected, or (iii) the President of the
Corporation. In addition, special meetings of the holders of common stock shall
be called by the Secretary of the Corporation upon the written request of the
holders of common stock entitled to cast not less than 25% of all votes entitled
to be cast at such meeting (such request shall state the purpose or purposes of
such meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at such meeting). Only
those matters set forth in the notice of the special meeting may be considered
or acted upon at such special meeting, unless otherwise provided in these
Bylaws. Advance notice of any matters which any holder of common stock intends
to propose for action at an annual meeting shall be given in the manner provided
in Section 2 of this Article I.
ARTICLE II
DIRECTORS
SECTION 1. POWERS. All of the powers of the Corporation shall be exercised by or under the direction of the Board of Directors except as otherwise provided by the Charter or required by law.
SECTION 2. NUMBER AND TERMS. The Board of Directors shall establish and may increase or decrease the number of directors of the Corporation, provided, that the number thereof shall never be less than the minimum number permitted under the Maryland General Corporation Law nor more than 15, and further provided, that the tenure of office of a director shall not be affected by any decrease in the number of directors. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders and each director shall be elected to serve for a term of one year and until his successor shall be elected and shall qualify or until his earlier resignation or removal.
SECTION 3. DIRECTOR NOMINATIONS. Nomination of candidates for election as directors of the Corporation at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be made (a) by, or at the direction of, a majority of the Board of Directors or (b) by any stockholder entitled to vote at such annual meeting. Only persons nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 3 shall be eligible for election as directors at an annual or special meeting of stockholders.
Nominations, other than those made by, or at the direction of, the Board of Directors shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation as set forth in this Section 3. To be timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive office of the Corporation not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the mailing of the notice for the preceding year's annual meeting (for purposes of the Corporation's 2004 annual meeting, notice of the preceding year's annual meeting shall be deemed to have been mailed on March 31, 2003); provided, however, that in the event that the date of the mailing of the notice for the current year's annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the first anniversary of the date of mailing the notice for the preceding year's annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the date of mailing of the notice for such annual meeting (or the tenth day following the day on which disclosure of the date mailing of the notice for such meeting is made, if later). In no event shall the public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder's notice as described above. Such stockholder's notice shall set forth, as of the date such notice is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation:
(a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director:
(i) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person;
(ii) the principal occupation or employment of such person;
(iii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation's capital stock which are beneficially owned by such person on the date of such stockholder notice; and
(iv) any other information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies with respect to nominees for election as directors, or is otherwise required, pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), including such person's written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected; and
(b) as to the stockholder giving the notice:
(i) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation's stock transfer books, of such stockholder and of the beneficial owners (if any) of the stock registered in such stockholder's name and the name and address of other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such nominees; and
(ii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation's capital stock which are beneficially owned by such stockholder and beneficial owners (if any) on the date of such stockholder notice and by any other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such nominees on the date of such stockholder notice.
At the request of the Board of Directors, any person nominated by, or
at the direction of, the Board of Directors for election as a Director at an
annual or special meeting shall furnish to the Secretary of the Corporation that
information required to be set forth in a stockholder's notice of nomination
which pertains to the nominee. The Board of Directors may reject any nomination
by a stockholder not timely made in accordance with the requirements of this
Section 3.
No person shall be elected by the stockholders as a Director of the
Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
Section 3. Election of directors at the annual or special meeting need not be by
written ballot, unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors or presiding
officer at such annual or special meeting. If written ballots are to be used,
ballots bearing the names of all the persons who have been nominated for
election as directors at the annual or special meeting in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this Section 3 shall be provided for use at the annual
or special meeting.
SECTION 4. QUALIFICATION. No Director need be a stockholder of the Corporation. Unless waived by a vote of the Board of Directors, no individual may serve as a director of the Corporation if he has reached the age of 70 years at the time of election.
SECTION 5. VACANCIES. Any vacancy occurring on the Board of Directors, including any vacancy created by reason of an increase in the number of directors, may be filled in the manner provided in the Charter.
SECTION 6. RESIGNATION. Any Director may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors, effective upon execution and delivery to the Corporation of such written notice or upon any future date specified in the notice, unless the resignation otherwise provides.
SECTION 7. REGULAR MEETINGS. The regular annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held, without other notice than this Bylaw, on the same date and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders following the close of such meeting of stockholders. Other regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such hour, date and place as the Board of Directors may by resolution from time to time determine without other notice than such resolution.
SECTION 8. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called, orally or in writing, by or at the request of a majority of the Directors, the Chairman of the Board, if one is elected, or the President. The person calling any such special meeting of the Board of Directors may fix the hour, date and place thereof.
SECTION 9. NOTICE OF MEETINGS. Notice of the hour, date and place of all special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be given to each Director by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or in case of the death, absence, incapacity or refusal of such persons, by the Chairman of the Board, if one is elected, or the President or such other officer designated by the Chairman of the Board, if one is elected, or the President. Notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be given to each Director in person or by telephone, electronic mail, facsimile transmission or by telegram sent to his business or home address at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, or by written notice mailed to his business or home address at least 48 hours in advance of the meeting. Such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when hand delivered to such address, read to such Director by telephone, deposited in the mail so addressed, with postage thereon prepaid if mailed, upon transmission of the message by electronic mail, upon completion of transmission of a facsimile message and receipt of a completed answer back indicating receipt or when delivered to the telegraph company if sent by telegram.
When any Board of Directors meeting, either regular or special, is adjourned for more than 30 days, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of an original meeting. It shall not be necessary to give any notice of the hour, date or place of any meeting adjourned for 30 days or less or of the business to be transacted at such meeting, other than an announcement at the meeting at which such adjournment is taken of the hour, date and place to which the meeting is adjourned.
A written waiver of notice executed before or after a meeting by a director and filed with the records of the meeting shall be deemed to be equivalent to notice of the meeting. The attendance of a director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting. Except as otherwise required by law, by the Charter or by these Bylaws, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the Board of Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.
SECTION 10. QUORUM. At any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the Directors then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but if less than a quorum is present at a meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from
time to time, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice, except as provided in Section 10 of this Article II. Any business which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed may be transacted at such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present.
SECTION 11. ACTION AT MEETING. At any meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present and subject to Section 8 of Article VII of the Charter, a majority of the Directors present may take any action on behalf of the Board of Directors, unless otherwise required by law, by the Charter or these Bylaws.
SECTION 12. ACTION BY CONSENT. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors consent thereto in writing. Such written consent shall be filed with the records of the proceedings of the Board of Directors and shall be treated for all purposes as a vote at a meeting of the Board of Directors.
SECTION 13. MANNER OF PARTICIPATION. Members of the Board of Directors or of committees elected by the Board pursuant to Section 15 of this Article II may participate in meetings of the Board or of such committees by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all directors participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time, and participation in a meeting in accordance herewith shall constitute presence in person at such meeting for purposes of these Bylaws.
SECTION 14. COMMITTEES. The Board of Directors, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office may elect from its number directors to serve on one or more committees, including an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and an Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee, and may delegate thereto some or all of its powers except those which by law, by the Charter or by these Bylaws, may not be delegated. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine or as required by law, by the Charter or these Bylaws, any such committee may make rules for conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors or in such rules, its business shall be conducted so far as possible in the same manner as is provided by the Charter and by these Bylaws for the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may abolish any such committee, other than the Audit Committee, at any time. Any committee to which the Board of Directors delegates any of its powers or duties shall keep records of its meetings and shall report its action to the Board of Directors.
The Board of Directors shall have power to rescind any action of any committee, other than the Audit Committee, but no such rescission shall have retroactive effect. With the approval of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer may appoint such other committees consisting of such directors as the Chief Executive Officer shall select. Any recommendations of such committees appointed by the Chief Executive Officer shall be submitted to the Board of Directors.
SECTION 15. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS. Directors shall receive compensation for their services as shall be determined by a majority of the Board of Directors, provided that Directors who are serving the Corporation as officers or employees and who receive
compensation for their services as such ("Employee Directors") shall not receive any salary or other compensation for their services as Directors of the Corporation; provided, however, that such Employee Directors may be paid their reasonable expenses incurred as a director.
ARTICLE III
OFFICERS
SECTION 1. ENUMERATION. The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a President, a Chief Executive Officer, a Secretary and a Treasurer and such other officers, including without limitation a Chairman of the Board, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Legal Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a Chief Accounting Officer, one or more Vice Presidents (including Executive Vice Presidents or Senior Vice Presidents), Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries, as the Board of Directors may determine.
SECTION 2. ELECTION AND APPOINTMENT. At the regular annual meeting of the Board of Directors following the annual meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors shall elect the President, the Chief Executive Officer, the Treasurer and the Secretary. Other officers may be appointed by the Board of Directors at such regular annual meeting of the Board of Directors or at any other regular or special meeting, or other officers may be appointed by the Chief Executive Officer.
SECTION 3. QUALIFICATION. No officer need be a stockholder or a director. Any person may occupy more than one office of the Corporation at any time except the offices of President and Vice President. Any officer may be required by the Board of Directors to give bond, at the Corporation's expense, for the faithful performance of his duties in such amount and with such sureties as the Board of Directors may determine.
SECTION 4. TENURE. Except as otherwise provided by the Charter or by these Bylaws, each of the officers of the Corporation shall hold office until the regular annual meeting of the Board of Directors following the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal. Election or appointment of an officer, employee or agent shall not of itself create contract rights. The Board of Directors may, however, authorize the Corporation to enter into an employment contract with any officer in accordance with law, but no such contract right shall prohibit the right of the Board of Directors to remove any officer at any time in accordance with Section 6 of this Article III.
SECTION 5. RESIGNATION. Any officer may resign by delivering his written resignation to the Corporation addressed to the President or the Secretary, and such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other event.
SECTION 6. REMOVAL. If the Board of Directors in its judgment finds that the best interests of the Corporation will be served, the Board of Directors may remove any officer by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors then in office. Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.
SECTION 7. ABSENCE OR DISABILITY. In the event of the absence or disability of any officer, the Board of Directors may designate another officer to act temporarily in place of such absent or disabled officer.
SECTION 8. VACANCIES. Any vacancy in any office may be filled for the unexpired portion of the term by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 9. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. The President shall be the Chief Executive Officer, unless the Board of Directors shall elect another officer to be the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, have general supervision and control of the Corporation's business and shall preside, when present, at all meetings of the stockholders.
SECTION 10. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors. If the Chairman of the Board is absent, the President shall preside at meetings of the Board of Directors. If the Chairman of the Board is not the Chief Executive Officer and in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board shall preside, when present, at all meetings of the stockholders. The Chairman of the Board shall have such other powers and shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate. If the Chairman of the Board is not the Chief Executive Officer, he shall also have such powers and perform such duties as the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time designate.
SECTION 11. PRESIDENT. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the President shall preside, when present, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. If the President is not the Chief Executive Officer or Chairman of the Board and in the absence of such persons, the President shall preside, when present, at all meetings of the stockholders. If the President is not the Chief Executive Officer, he shall have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time designate.
SECTION 12. CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER, CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER, CHIEF
FINANCIAL OFFICER AND CHIEF ACCOUNTING OFFICER. Any Chief Operating Officer,
Chief Legal Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Chief Accounting Officer shall
have such powers and shall perform such duties as the Board of Directors or the
Chief Executive Officer may from time to time designate.
SECTION 13. VICE PRESIDENTS AND ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENTS. Any Vice
President (including any Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President) and
Assistant Vice President shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as
the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time
designate.
SECTION 14. TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS. The Chief Financial Officer shall be the Treasurer, unless the Board of Directors shall elect another officer to be the Treasurer. The Treasurer shall, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors and except as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may otherwise provide, have general charge of the financial affairs of the Corporation and shall cause to be kept accurate books of account. He shall have custody of all funds, securities, and valuable documents of the Corporation. He shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the Board of
Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence of a Chief Financial Officer, the office of the Treasurer shall be deemed to be the office of the Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation whenever the signature of the Chief Financial Officer is required on any document or instrument, by the laws of the United States or any state, or elsewhere in the Bylaws, and the Treasurer shall have authority to affix his signature in such capacity.
The office of the Vice President of Finance and Accounting shall be deemed an Assistant Treasurer of the Corporation whenever the signature of an Assistant Treasurer is required on any document or instrument, by the laws of the United States or any state, or elsewhere in these Bylaws, and the Vice President of Finance and Accounting shall have authority to affix his signature in such capacity. Any Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer shall have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time designate.
SECTION 15. SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. The Secretary shall record all the proceedings of the meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors (including committees of the Board) in books kept for that purpose. In the absence of the Secretary from any such meeting, a temporary secretary chosen at the meeting shall record the proceedings thereof. The Secretary shall have charge of the stock ledger (which may, however, be kept by any transfer or other agent of the Corporation). The secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation, and the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix it to any instrument requiring it, and, when so affixed, the seal may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. The Secretary shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence of the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary may perform the duties and responsibilities of the Secretary.
Any Assistant Secretary shall have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time designate.
SECTION 16. SALARIES. The salaries of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board (or an appropriately designated committee of the Board) and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such salary by reason of the fact that he is also a director of the Corporation.
SECTION 17. OTHER POWERS AND DUTIES. Subject to these Bylaws and to such limitations as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe, the officers of the Corporation shall each have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their respective offices, as well as such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer.
ARTICLE IV
STOCK
SECTION 1. CERTIFICATES OF STOCK. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors or by law, each stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate of the stock of the Corporation in such form as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors. Such certificate shall
bear the seal of the Corporation, if one has been adopted, and shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, President or a Vice President and countersigned by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. The seal of the Corporation, if one has been adopted, and any and all signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile, including those of any transfer agent or registrar. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the time of its issue. Every certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any restriction on transfer and every certificate issued when the Corporation is authorized to issue more than one class or series of stock shall contain such legend with respect thereto as is required by law.
SECTION 2. TRANSFERS. Subject to any restrictions on transfer and unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, shares of stock may be transferred only on the books of the Corporation by the surrender to the Corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate therefor properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed, with transfer stamps (if necessary) affixed, and with such proof of the authenticity of signature as the Corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require.
SECTION 3. RECORD HOLDERS. Except as may otherwise be required by law, by the Charter or by these Bylaws, the Corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect thereto, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock, until the shares have been transferred on the books of the Corporation in accordance with the requirements of these Bylaws.
It shall be the duty of each stockholder to notify the Corporation or its transfer agent of his post office address and any changes thereto.
SECTION 4. RECORD DATE. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournments thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than 90 days nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 90 days prior to any other action. In such case, only stockholders of record on such record date shall be so entitled, notwithstanding any transfer of stock on the stock transfer books of the Corporation after the record date.
If no record date is fixed:
(a) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to receive notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the later of (i) the close of business on the day on which notice is mailed or (ii) the 30th day before the meeting; and
(b) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to receive payment of a dividend or an allotment of any rights shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
SECTION 5. REPLACEMENT OF CERTIFICATES. In case of the alleged loss, destruction or mutilation of a certificate of stock, a duplicate certificate may be issued in place thereof upon such terms as the Corporation or its transfer agent may prescribe.
SECTION 6. TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRARS. The Corporation may serve as the transfer agent and registrar of the shares of stock, or the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, appoint one or more responsible banks, trust companies or other entity as the Board of Directors may deem advisable, from time to time, to act as transfer agents and registrars of shares of stock. No certificate for shares of stock shall be valid until countersigned by the transfer agent and registered by the registrar.
SECTION 7. STOCKHOLDERS' ADDRESSES. Every stockholder or transferee shall furnish the Secretary or a transfer agent with the address to which notice of meetings and all other notices may be served upon or mailed to such stockholder or transferee, and in default thereof, such stockholder or transferee shall not be entitled to service or mailing of any such notice.
SECTION 8. REPURCHASE OF SHARES OF STOCK. The Corporation may purchase its shares of stock and invest its assets in its own shares of stock, provided that in each case the consent of the Board of Directors shall have been obtained.
ARTICLE V
INDEMNIFICATION
SECTION 1. RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION. The Corporation shall, to the maximum extent permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law in effect from time to time, indemnify, and, without a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee from and against any claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his status as a present or former director or officer of the Corporation or director, officer, partner or trustee of such other entity (each, an "Indemnitee"). The Corporation shall, to the maximum extent permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law in effect from time to time, provide such indemnification and advancement of expenses to a person who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described above (any such person shall also be deemed to be an "Indemnitee").
SECTION 2. INDEMNIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS OF THE CORPORATION. With the approval of the Board of Directors, the Corporation shall, to the maximum extent permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law in effect from time to time, and to such further extent as it shall deem appropriate under the circumstances, provide such indemnification and
advancement of expenses as described in Section 1 above, to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation (each such person shall also be deemed to be an "Indemnitee").
SECTION 3. RIGHT OF INDEMNITEE TO BRING SUIT. If a claim under this Article V is not paid in full by the Corporation within sixty days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be twenty days, the Indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. If the Indemnitee is successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Indemnitee shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In any suit brought by an Indemnitee who is a present or former director to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses), it shall be a defense that such Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Maryland General Corporation Law. In addition, in any suit by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that the Indemnitee who is a present or former director has not met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Maryland General Corporation Law. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Maryland General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or stockholders) that the Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct. In any suit brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article V or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.
SECTION 4. NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. The rights to indemnification and to advancement of expenses conferred in this Article V shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under these Bylaws, the Charter or any statute, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
SECTION 5. INSURANCE. The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or any director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the Maryland General Corporation Law.
ARTICLE VI
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
SECTION 1. FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on December 31 of each year or on such other date as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 2. SEAL. The seal of the Corporation shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation and the year of its organization. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced.
SECTION 3. INVESTMENT POLICIES. The directors may from time to time adopt, amend, revise or terminate any policy or policies with respect to investments by the Corporation as they shall deem appropriate in their sole discretion.
SECTION 4. EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS. All deeds, leases, transfers, contracts, bonds, notes and other obligations to be entered into by the Corporation in the ordinary course of its business without director action may be executed on behalf of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board, if one is elected, the Chief Executive Officer the President or the Treasurer or any other officer, employee or agent of the Corporation as the Board of Directors may authorize.
SECTION 5. VOTING OF SECURITIES. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise provides, the Chairman of the Board, if one is elected, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Treasurer may waive notice of and act on behalf of this Corporation, or appoint another person or persons to act as proxy or attorney in fact for this Corporation with or without discretionary power and/or power of substitutions at any meeting of stockholders or stockholders of any other corporation or organization, any of whose securities are held by this Corporation.
SECTION 6. RESIDENT AGENT. The Board of Directors may appoint a resident agent upon whom legal process may be served in any action or proceeding against the Corporation.
SECTION 7. CORPORATE RECORDS. The original or attested copies of the Charter, Bylaws and records of all meetings of the incorporators, stockholders and the Board of Directors and the stock transfer books, which shall contain the names of all stockholders, their record addresses and the amount of stock held by each, may be kept outside the State of Maryland and shall be kept at the principal office of the Corporation, at the office of its counsel or at an office of its transfer agent.
SECTION 8. AMENDMENTS. These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, and new bylaws adopted, by the vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors or by a vote of a majority of the voting power of the common stock of the Corporation.
SECTION 9. OFFICES. The principal office of the Corporation within the State of Maryland shall be located at such place as the Board of Directors may designate. The Corporation may have additional offices, including a principal executive office, at such place or places both within and without the State of Maryland as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
Exhibit 5.1
July 29, 2003
Board of Directors
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.
14180 Dallas Parkway, Ninth Floor
Dallas, Texas 75254
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are acting as Maryland counsel to Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the "COMPANY"), in connection with its registration statement on Form S-11, as amended (the "REGISTRATION STATEMENT"), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the proposed public offering of up to 40,250,000 shares of the Company's common stock, par value $.001 per share, all of which shares (the "SHARES") are to be sold by the Company. This opinion letter is furnished to you at your request to enable you to fulfill the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K, 17 C.F.R. Section 229.601(b)(5), in connection with the Registration Statement.
For purposes of this opinion letter, we have examined copies of the following documents:
1. An executed copy of the Registration Statement.
2. The Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as certified by the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation on June 30, 2003 and by the Secretary of the Company on the date hereof as being complete, accurate, and in effect.
3. The Bylaws of the Company, as certified by the Secretary of the Company on the date hereof as being complete, accurate, and in effect.
4. The proposed form of Underwriting Agreement among the Company and the several Underwriters to be named therein, for whom Friedman Billings Ramsey will act as representative, filed as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement (the "Underwriting Agreement").
Board of Directors
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.
July 29, 2003
5. Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent on May 15, 2003, as certified by the Secretary of the Company on the date hereof as being complete, accurate, and in effect, relating to the issuance and sale of the Shares and arrangements in connection therewith.
In our examination of the aforesaid documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the accuracy and completeness of all documents submitted to us, the authenticity of all original documents, and the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies (including telecopies). We also have assumed that the Shares will not be issued in violation of the ownership limit contained in the Company's Charter. This opinion letter is given, and all statements herein are made, in the context of the foregoing.
This opinion letter is based as to matters of law solely on the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended. We express no opinion herein as to any other laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, or regulations. As used herein, the term "Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended" includes the statutory provisions contained therein, all applicable provisions of the Maryland Constitution and reported judicial decisions interpreting these laws.
Based upon, subject to and limited by the foregoing, we are of the
opinion that following (i) execution and delivery by the Company of the
Underwriting Agreement (ii) effectiveness of the Registration Statement, (iii)
issuance of the Shares pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, and
(iv) receipt by the Company of the consideration for the Shares specified in the
resolutions of the Board of Directors, the Shares will be validly issued, fully
paid, and nonassessable.
This opinion letter has been prepared for your use in connection with the Registration Statement. We assume no obligation to advise you of any changes in the foregoing subsequent to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement.
Board of Directors
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.
July 29, 2003
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the caption "Legal Matters" in the prospectus constituting a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are an "expert" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Very truly yours,
HOGAN & HARTSON L.L.P.
EXHIBIT 10.1
AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
OF
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
DATED:_______________, 2003
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE ---- ARTICLE I DEFINED TERMS................................................................................... 1 ARTICLE II PARTNERSHIP CONTINUATION; ADMISSION OF LIMITED PARTNERS; NAME; PLACE OF BUSINESS AND REGISTERED AGENT.............................................................. 8 Section 2.1 CONTINUATION.......................................................................... 8 Section 2.2 CERTIFICATE OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP; OTHER FILINGS..................................... 8 Section 2.3 ADDITIONAL LIMITED PARTNERS........................................................... 9 Section 2.4 NAME, OFFICE AND REGISTERED AGENT..................................................... 9 ARTICLE III BUSINESS AND TERM OF PARTNERSHIP.............................................................. 9 Section 3.1 BUSINESS.............................................................................. 9 Section 3.2 TERM.................................................................................. 9 ARTICLE IV CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS.......................................................................... 10 Section 4.1 GENERAL PARTNER....................................................................... 10 Section 4.2 LIMITED PARTNERS...................................................................... 10 Section 4.3 ADDITIONAL CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ISSUANCES OF ADDITIONAL PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS.... 10 Section 4.4 ADDITIONAL FUNDING.................................................................... 12 Section 4.5 INTEREST.............................................................................. 12 Section 4.6 RETURN OF CAPITAL..................................................................... 12 Section 4.7 PERCENTAGE INTEREST................................................................... 12 ARTICLE V PROFITS, LOSSES AND ACCOUNTING.................................................................. 12 Section 5.1 ALLOCATION OF PROFITS AND LOSSES...................................................... 12 Section 5.2 ACCOUNTING............................................................................ 13 Section 5.3 PARTNERS' CAPITAL ACCOUNTS............................................................ 14 Section 5.4 SECTION 754 ELECTIONS................................................................. 15 ARTICLE VI POWERS, DUTIES, LIABILITIES, COMPENSATION AND VOTING OF GENERAL PARTNER........................ 15 Section 6.1 POWERS OF GENERAL PARTNER............................................................. 15 Section 6.2 DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY............................................................... 18 Section 6.3 DUTIES OF GENERAL PARTNER............................................................. 18 Section 6.4 LIABILITIES OF GENERAL PARTNER; INDEMNIFICATION....................................... 19 Section 6.5 COMPENSATION OF GENERAL PARTNER; REIMBURSEMENT........................................ 22 Section 6.6 RELIANCE ON ACT OF GENERAL PARTNER.................................................... 22 Section 6.7 OUTSIDE SERVICES; DEALINGS WITH AFFILIATES; OUTSIDE ACTIVITIES........................ 22 Section 6.8 ADDITIONAL LOANS TO THE PARTNERSHIP................................................... 23 Section 6.9 CONTRIBUTION OF ASSETS................................................................ 23 |
ARTICLE VII RIGHTS, PROHIBITIONS AND REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO LIMITED PARTNERS................... 24 Section 7.1 RIGHTS OF LIMITED PARTNERS......................................................... 24 Section 7.2 PROHIBITIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE LIMITED PARTNERS.................................. 24 Section 7.3 OWNERSHIP BY LIMITED PARTNER OF CORPORATE GENERAL PARTNER OR AFFILIATE............ 25 Section 7.4 REDEMPTION RIGHT................................................................... 25 Section 7.5 WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF THE LIMITED PARTNERS.............................. 28 Section 7.6 INDEMNIFICATION BY LIMITED PARTNERS................................................ 28 Section 7.7 NOTICE OF SALE OR REFINANCING...................................................... 28 Section 7.8 BASIS ANALYSIS AND LIMITED PARTNER GUARANTEES...................................... 29 ARTICLE VIII DISTRIBUTIONS AND PAYMENTS TO PARTNERS..................................................... 29 Section 8.1 DISTRIBUTIONS OF CASH FLOW......................................................... 29 Section 8.2 REIT DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS..................................................... 30 Section 8.3 NO RIGHT TO DISTRIBUTIONS IN KIND.................................................. 30 Section 8.4 DISPOSITION PROCEEDS............................................................... 30 Section 8.5 WITHDRAWALS........................................................................ 30 ARTICLE IX TRANSFERS OF INTERESTS....................................................................... 30 Section 9.1 GENERAL PARTNER.................................................................... 30 Section 9.2 ADMISSION OF A SUBSTITUTE OR ADDITIONAL GENERAL PARTNER............................. 31 Section 9.3 EFFECT OF BANKRUPTCY, WITHDRAWAL, DEATH OR DISSOLUTION OF A GENERAL PARTNER......... 32 Section 9.4 REMOVAL OF A GENERAL PARTNER....................................................... 33 Section 9.5 RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS......................... 33 Section 9.6 ADMISSION OF SUBSTITUTE LIMITED PARTNER............................................ 34 Section 9.7 RIGHTS OF ASSIGNEES OF PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS....................................... 35 Section 9.8 EFFECT OF BANKRUPTCY, DEATH, INCOMPETENCE OR TERMINATION OF A LIMITED PARTNER...... 36 Section 9.9 JOINT OWNERSHIP OF INTERESTS....................................................... 36 Section 9.10 TRANSFEREES........................................................................ 37 Section 9.11 ABSOLUTE RESTRICTION............................................................... 37 Section 9.12 INVESTMENT REPRESENTATION.......................................................... 37 ARTICLE X TERMINATION OF THE PARTNERSHIP................................................................ 37 Section 10.1 TERMINATION........................................................................ 37 Section 10.2 PAYMENT OF DEBTS................................................................... 37 Section 10.3 DEBTS TO PARTNERS.................................................................. 38 Section 10.4 REMAINING DISTRIBUTION............................................................. 38 Section 10.5 RESERVE............................................................................ 38 Section 10.6 FINAL ACCOUNTING................................................................... 38 ARTICLE XI AMENDMENTS................................................................................... 38 |
Section 11.1 AUTHORITY TO AMEND................................................................. 38 Section 11.2 NOTICE OF AMENDMENTS............................................................... 39 ARTICLE XII POWER OF ATTORNEY........................................................................... 39 Section 12.1 POWER.............................................................................. 39 Section 12.2 SURVIVAL OF POWER.................................................................. 40 ARTICLE XIII CONSENTS, APPROVALS, VOTING AND MEETINGS................................................... 40 Section 13.1 METHOD OF GIVING CONSENT OR APPROVAL............................................... 40 Section 13.2 MEETINGS OF LIMITED PARTNERS....................................................... 41 Section 13.3 OPINION............................................................................ 41 Section 13.4 SUBMISSIONS TO PARTNERS............................................................ 41 ARTICLE XIV MISCELLANEOUS............................................................................... 41 Section 14.1 GOVERNING LAW...................................................................... 41 Section 14.2 AGREEMENT FOR FURTHER EXECUTION.................................................... 41 Section 14.3 ENTIRE AGREEMENT................................................................... 42 Section 14.4 SEVERABILITY....................................................................... 42 Section 14.5 NOTICES............................................................................ 42 Section 14.6 TITLES AND CAPTIONS................................................................ 42 Section 14.7 COUNTERPARTS....................................................................... 42 Section 14.8 PRONOUNS........................................................................... 42 Section 14.9 SURVIVAL OF RIGHTS................................................................. 42 EXHIBIT A - List of Partners and Initial Contributed Assets EXHIBIT B - Federal Income Tax Matters EXHIBIT C - Notice of Exercise of Redemption Right |
AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
OF
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
RECITALS:
Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (the "Partnership") was formed as a limited partnership under the laws of the State of Delaware by the filing of a Certificate of Limited Partnership with the Secretary of State of Delaware on May 13, 2003.
The General Partner and the Limited Partners desire to enter into this Agreement as of _______________, 2003.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, of the mutual covenants between the parties hereto, and of other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINED TERMS
Whenever used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in this Article I, unless otherwise expressly provided herein or unless the context otherwise requires:
"Act" shall mean the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, 6 Del C. Section 17-101, et. seq., as amended, supplemented or restated from time to time, and any successor to such statute.
"Additional Funds" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.4 hereof.
"Additional Limited Partner" shall mean a Person admitted to this Partnership as a Limited Partner pursuant to and in accordance with Section 2.3(b) of this Agreement.
"Additional Securities" means any additional REIT Shares (other than
REIT Shares issued in connection with a redemption pursuant to Section 7.4
hereof) or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities
containing the right to subscribe for or purchase REIT Shares, as set forth in
Section 4.3(a)(ii).
"Affiliate" of another Person shall mean (a) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding with power to vote ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person; (b) any Person ten percent (10%) or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held with power to vote by such other Person; (c) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, such other Person; (d) any officer, director, member or partner of such other Person; and (e) if such other Person is
an officer, director, member or partner in a company, the company for which such Person acts in any such capacity.
"Agreed Value" shall mean the fair market value of Contributed Property as agreed to by the contributing partner and the Partnership, using such reasonable method of valuation as they may adopt.
"Agreement" shall mean this Agreement of Limited Partnership of Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, as amended from time to time.
"Articles of Organization" means the Certificate of Formation of the General Partner filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, as amended or restated from time to time.
"Ashford OP Limited Partner, LLC" means Ashford OP Limited Partner, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
"Bankruptcy Code" shall mean the United States Bankruptcy Code, as amended, 11 U.S.C. Sections 101 ET SEQ., and as hereafter amended from time to time.
"Business Day" shall mean any day when the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading.
"Capital Account" shall mean, as to any Partner, the account established and maintained for such Partner pursuant to Section 5.3 hereof.
"Capital Contribution" shall mean the amount in cash or the Agreed Value of Contributed Property contributed by each Partner (or his original predecessor in interest) to the capital of the Partnership for his interest in the Partnership.
"Cash Amount" means an amount of cash per Common Partnership Unit equal to the Value on the Valuation Date of the REIT Common Shares Amount.
"Cash Flow" shall mean the excess of cash revenues actually received by the Partnership in respect of Partnership operations for any period, and the amount of any reduction in reserves of the Partnership, over Operating Expenses for such period. Cash Flow shall not include Disposition Proceeds.
"Code" shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and as hereafter amended from time to time. Reference to any particular provision of the Code shall mean that provision in the Code at the date hereof and any succeeding provision of the Code.
"Commission" shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
"Common Partnership Interest" shall mean an ownership interest in the Partnership, other than a Preferred Partnership Interest, and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such an ownership interest may be entitled as provided in this
Agreement or the Act, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement and the Act.
"Common Partnership Unit" shall mean a fractional, undivided share of the Common Partnership Interests of all Partners issued hereunder. At all times there shall be maintained an equivalency of Common Partnership Units and REIT Common Shares, except as otherwise provided herein.
"Common Percentage Interest" shall mean the percentage ownership interest in the Common Partnership Units of each Partner, as determined by dividing the Common Partnership Units owned by a Partner by the total number of Common Partnership Units then outstanding.
"Company" means Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation.
"Contributed Property" shall mean a Partner's interest in property or other consideration (excluding services and cash) contributed to the Partnership by such Partner.
"Conversion Factor" shall mean 1.0; provided, however, that in the event the Company (i) declares or pays a dividend on its outstanding REIT Common Shares in REIT Common Shares or makes a distribution to all holders of its outstanding REIT Common Shares in REIT Common Shares, (ii) subdivides its outstanding REIT Common Shares, or (iii) combines its outstanding REIT Common Shares into a smaller number of REIT Common Shares, the Conversion Factor shall be adjusted by multiplying the Conversion Factor by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of REIT Common Shares issued and outstanding on the record date for such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination (assuming for such purposes that such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination has occurred as of such time), and the denominator of which shall be the actual number of REIT Common Shares (determined without the above assumption) issued and outstanding on the record date for such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination. Any adjustment to the Conversion Factor shall become effective immediately after the effective date of such event retroactive to the record date, if any, for such event; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the General Partner receives a Notice of Redemption after the record date, but prior to the effective date of such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination, the Conversion Factor shall be determined as if the General Partner had received the Notice of Redemption immediately prior to the record date for such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination.
"Disposition Proceeds" shall mean the excess of the proceeds received by the Partnership from the sale, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Partnership's Property less any expenses incurred or paid by the Partnership in connection with such transaction.
"Event of Bankruptcy" shall mean as to any Person the filing of a petition for relief as to such Person as debtor or bankrupt under the Bankruptcy Code or similar
provision of law of any jurisdiction (except if such petition is contested by such Person and has been dismissed within ninety (90) days of the filing thereof); insolvency of such Person as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction; filing by such Person of a petition or application to accomplish the same or for the appointment of a receiver or a trustee for such Person or a substantial part of such Person's assets; commencement of any proceedings relating to such Person as a debtor under any other reorganization, arrangement, insolvency, adjustment of debt or liquidation law of any jurisdiction, whether now in existence or hereinafter in effect, either by such Person or by another, but if such proceeding is commenced by another, only if such Person indicates his approval of such proceeding, or such proceeding is contested by such Person and has not been finally dismissed within ninety (90) days.
"General Partner" shall mean Ashford OP General Partner, LLC and any Person who becomes a substitute or additional General Partner as provided herein, and any of their successors as General Partner.
"General Partnership Interest" shall mean the ownership interest of a General Partner in the Partnership, provided that the General Partner shall have no interest in profits or losses of the Partnership with respect to its General Partnership Interest.
"Government Obligations" shall mean securities that are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America, for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged, or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, that are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust as custodian with respect to any such obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.
"Hotels" means the hotel properties owned by the Partnership, directly or through any other entity, from time to time.
"Indemnitee" shall mean (i) any Person made a party to a proceeding by reason of his or her status as (A) the General Partner or (B) a director, officer, employee or agent of the Partnership or the General Partner, and (ii) such other Persons (including Affiliates of the General Partner or the Partnership) as the General Partner may designate from time to time (whether before or after the event giving rise to potential liability), in its sole and absolute discretion.
"Initial Contributed Assets" shall mean those properties and asset management and consulting agreements identified as Initial Contributed Assets on Exhibit A hereto.
"IRS" shall mean the Internal Revenue Service.
"Limited Partner" shall mean any Person named as a Limited Partner on Exhibit A attached hereto and any Person who becomes a Substitute Limited Partner pursuant to Section 9.6 hereof or an Additional Limited Partner pursuant to Section 2.3(b) hereof, in such Person's capacity as a Limited Partner in the Partnership.
"Limited Partnership Interest" shall mean the ownership interest of a Limited Partner in the Partnership at any particular time, including the right of such Limited Partner to any and all benefits to which such Limited Partner may be entitled as provided in this Agreement and in the Act, together with the obligations of such Limited Partner to comply with all the provisions of this Agreement and of the Act.
"Notice of Redemption" shall mean the Notice of Exercise of Redemption Right substantially in the form attached as Exhibit C hereto.
"Offering" shall mean the offer and sale by the Company and the purchase by the Underwriters (as defined in the Prospectus) of REIT Common Shares for sale to the public, consummated __________________, 2003.
"Operating Expenses" shall mean (i) all administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the Partnership, (ii) those administrative costs and expenses of the General Partner, including any salaries or other payments to directors, officers or employees of the General Partner, and any accounting and legal expense of the General Partner, which expenses, the Partners have agreed, are expenses of the Partnership and not the General Partner, and (iii) to the extent not included in clause (ii) above, REIT Expenses; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that Operating Expenses shall not include any administrative costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner that are attributable to Properties or partnership interests in a Subsidiary that are owned by the General Partner or the Company directly.
"Partner" shall mean the General Partner or any Limited Partner.
"Partnership" shall mean Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership.
"Partnership Interest" shall mean an ownership interest in the Partnership and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such an ownership interest may be entitled as provided in this Agreement or the Act, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement and the Act.
"Partnership Record Date" shall mean the record date established by the General Partner for the distribution of Cash Flow pursuant to Section 8.1 hereof, which record date shall be the same as the record date established by the General Partner for a distribution to its member of some or all of its portion of such distribution.
"Partnership Unit" means a Common Partnership Unit, a Preferred Partnership Unit or an other fractional, undivided share of the Partnership Interests that the General
Partner has authorized pursuant to this Agreement. The Partnership Units of the Partners shall be set forth on Exhibit A, as may be amended from time to time.
"Person" shall mean any individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, trust or other entity.
"Preferred Partnership Interest" shall mean an ownership interest in the Partnership, having a preference in payment of distributions or on liquidation, and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such an ownership interest may be entitled as provided in this Agreement or the Act, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement and the Act.
"Preferred Partnership Unit" shall mean a fractional, undivided share of the Preferred Partnership Interests of all Partners issued hereunder.
"Preferred Percentage Interest" shall mean the percentage ownership interest in the Preferred Partnership Units of each Partner, as determined by dividing the Preferred Partnership Units owned by a Partner by the total number of Preferred Partnership Units then outstanding.
"Preferred Return" shall mean any payment made or to be made on any Preferred Partnership Unit corresponding to any dividend paid or to be paid on any preferred shares issued by the Company, in accordance with Section 4.3 hereof.
"Property" shall mean any hotel property or other investment in which the Partnership holds an ownership interest.
"Prospectus" shall mean the final prospectus, dated -------, delivered to purchasers of REIT Shares in the Offering.
"Public Offering Price" shall mean the price for REIT shares set forth in the Prospectus.
"Redeeming Partner" shall have the meaning provided in Section 7.4(a) hereof.
"Redemption Right" shall have the meaning provided in Section 7.4(a) hereof.
"REIT" shall mean a real estate investment trust under Sections 856 through 860, inclusive, of the Code.
"REIT Common Share" shall mean a share of the common shares of the Company.
"REIT Common Shares Amount" shall mean a whole number of REIT Common Shares equal to the product of the number of Common Partnership Units offered for redemption by a Redeeming Partner, multiplied by the Conversion Factor in effect on the Specified Redemption Date (rounded down to the nearest whole number in the event such product is not a whole number); provided, however, that in the event the Company at any time
issues to all holders of REIT Common Shares rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities entitling the shareholders to subscribe for or purchase REIT Common Shares, or any other securities or property (collectively, the "Rights"), which Rights have not expired pursuant to their terms, then the REIT Common Shares Amount thereafter shall also include such Rights that a holder of that number of REIT Common Shares would be entitled to receive.
"REIT Expenses" means (i) costs and expenses relating to the formation and continuity of existence of the Company and any Subsidiaries thereof (which Subsidiaries shall, for purposes hereof, be included within the definition of Company), including taxes, fees and assessments associated therewith, any and all costs, expenses or fees payable to any director, officer, or employee of the Company, (ii) costs and expenses relating to the public offering and registration of securities or private offering of securities by the Company and all statements, reports, fees and expenses incidental thereto, including underwriting discounts and selling commissions applicable to any such offering of securities, (iii) costs and expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any periodic reports by the Company under federal, state or local laws or regulations, including filings with the Commission, (iv) costs and expenses associated with compliance by the Company with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body, including the Commission, and (v) all other operating or administrative costs of the Company, including, without limitation, insurance premiums, and legal, accounting and directors' fees, incurred in the ordinary course of its business on behalf of or in connection with the Partnership.
"REIT Preferred Share" shall mean a share of the preferred shares of the Company.
"REIT Share" shall mean a REIT Common Share or a REIT Preferred Share.
"Specified Redemption Date" shall mean, with respect to a given Partner, the tenth (10th) Business Day after receipt by the General Partner of a Notice of Redemption, provided that no Specified Redemption Date may occur before one year after the closing of the Offering.
"Subsidiary" shall mean, with respect to any Person, any corporation or other entity of which a majority of (i) the voting power of the voting equity securities, or (ii) the outstanding equity interests, are owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.
"Substitute General Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2.
"Substitute Limited Partner" shall mean any Person admitted to the Partnership as a Limited Partner pursuant to Section 9.6 hereof.
"Surviving Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1(c) hereof.
"Transaction" has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1(b) hereof.
"Transfer" has the meaning set forth in Section 9.5(a) hereof.
"Valuation Date" shall mean the date of receipt by the General Partner of a Notice of Redemption or, if such date is not a Business Day, the first Business Day thereafter.
"Value" shall mean, with respect to a REIT Common Share, the average of
the daily market price for the ten (10) consecutive trading days immediately
preceding the Valuation Date. The market price for each such trading day shall
be: (i) if the REIT Common Shares are listed or admitted to trading on any
securities exchange or the NASDAQ National Market System, the closing price,
regular way, on such day, or if no such sale takes place on such day, the
average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day; (ii) if the REIT Common
Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any securities exchange or the
NASDAQ National Market System, the last reported sale price on such day or, if
no sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices
on such day, as reported by a reliable quotation source designated by the
General Partner; or (iii) if the REIT Common Shares are not listed or admitted
to trading on any securities exchange or the NASDAQ National Market System and
no such last reported sale price or closing bid and asked prices are available,
the average of the reported high bid and low asked prices on such day, as
reported by a reliable quotation source designated by the General Partner, or if
there shall be no bid and asked prices on such day, the average of the high bid
and low asked prices, as so reported, on the most recent day (not more than ten
(10) days prior to the date in question) for which prices have been so reported;
provided, however, that if there are no bid and asked prices reported during the
ten (10) days prior to the date in question, the Value of the REIT Common Shares
shall be determined by the General Partner acting in good faith on the basis of
such quotations and other information as it considers, in its reasonable
judgment, appropriate. In the event the REIT Common Shares Amount includes
rights that a holder of REIT Common Shares would be entitled to receive, and the
General Partner acting in good faith determines that the value of such rights is
not reflected in the Value of the REIT Common Shares determined as aforesaid,
then the Value of such rights shall be determined by the General Partner acting
in good faith on the basis of such quotations and other information as it
considers, in its reasonable judgment, appropriate.
ARTICLE II
PARTNERSHIP CONTINUATION; ADMISSION OF LIMITED PARTNERS;
NAME; PLACE OF BUSINESS AND REGISTERED AGENT
Section 2.1 CONTINUATION. The Partners hereby agree to continue the Partnership pursuant to the provisions of the Act and upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. Except as expressly provided herein, the rights and obligations of the Partners and the administration and termination of the Partnership shall be governed by the Act. The Partnership Interest of each Partner shall be personal property for all purposes.
Section 2.2 CERTIFICATE OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP; OTHER FILINGS. The General Partner shall prepare (or caused to be prepared), execute, acknowledge, record and file at the expense of the Partnership, a Certificate of Limited Partnership and all requisite fictitious name statements and notices in such places and jurisdictions as may be required by the Act or necessary to cause the Partnership to be
treated as a limited partnership under, and otherwise to comply with, the laws of each state or other jurisdiction in which the Partnership conducts business.
Section 2.3 ADDITIONAL LIMITED PARTNERS. The General Partner shall in timely fashion amend this Agreement and, if required by the Act, the Certificate of Limited Partnership filed for record to reflect the admission pursuant to the terms of this Agreement of a Person as a Limited Partner.
Section 2.4 NAME, OFFICE AND REGISTERED AGENT. The name of the Partnership shall be Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership The principal place of business of the Partnership shall be at 14180 Dallas Parkway, 9th Floor, Dallas, Texas 75254. The General Partner may at any time change the location of such office, provided the General Partner gives notice to the Partners of any such change. The name and address of the Partnership's statutory agent for service of process on the Partnership in Texas is Ashford OP General Partner LLC, 14180 Dallas Parkway, 9th Floor, Dallas, Texas 75254. The name and address of the Partnership's statutory agent for service of process on the Partnership in Delaware is Corporation Service Company, 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, Wilmington, Delaware 19808.
ARTICLE III
BUSINESS AND TERM OF PARTNERSHIP
Section 3.1 BUSINESS. The purpose and nature of the business of the Partnership is to conduct any business that may lawfully be conducted by a limited partnership organized pursuant to the Act; provided, however, that such business shall be limited to and conducted in such a manner as to permit the Company at all times to be qualified as a REIT under the Code, unless the board of directors of the Company determines to cease to qualify as a REIT. To consummate the foregoing and to carry out the obligations of the Partnership in connection therewith or incidental thereto, the General Partner shall have the authority, in accordance with and subject to the limitations set forth elsewhere in this Agreement, to make, enter into, perform and carry out any arrangements, contracts or agreements of every kind for any lawful purpose, without limit as to amount or otherwise, with any corporation, association, partnership, limited liability company, firm, trustee, syndicate, individual or any political or governmental division, subdivision or agency, domestic or foreign, and generally to make and perform agreements and contracts of every kind and description and to do any and all things necessary or incidental to the foregoing for the protection and enhancement of the assets of the Partnership.
Section 3.2 TERM. The Partnership as herein constituted shall continue until December 31, 2053, unless earlier dissolved or terminated pursuant to law or the provisions of this Agreement.
ARTICLE IV
CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Section 4.1 GENERAL PARTNER.The General Partner has not contributed, and shall not be required to contribute, cash or other assets to the capital of the Partnership.
Section 4.2 LIMITED PARTNERS. The Limited Partners have contributed their respective ownership interests in the Initial Contributed Assets to the capital of the Partnership. The Agreed Values of the Limited Partners' proportionate ownership interests in the Initial Contributed Assets are set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto.
Section 4.3 ADDITIONAL CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ISSUANCES OF
ADDITIONAL PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS. Except as provided in this Section 4.3 or in
Section 4.4, the Partners shall have no preemptive or other right or obligation
to make any additional Capital Contributions or loans to the Partnership. The
General Partner or Ashford OP Limited Partner, LLC may contribute additional
capital or property to the Partnership, from time to time, and receive
additional Partnership Interests in respect thereof, in the manner contemplated
in this Section 4.3.
(a) ISSUANCES OF ADDITIONAL PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS.
(i) GENERAL. The General Partner is hereby authorized to cause
the Partnership to issue such additional Partnership Interests in
the form of Common Partnership Units and Preferred Partnership
Units for any Partnership purpose at any time or from time to
time, to the Partners or to other Persons for such consideration
and on such terms and conditions as shall be established by the
General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion, all without
the approval of any of the Limited Partners. Any additional
Partnership Interest issued thereby may be issued in one or more
classes, or one or more series of any of such classes, with such
designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or
other special rights, powers and duties, including rights, powers
and duties senior to Limited Partnership Interests, all as shall
be determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute
discretion and without the approval of any Limited Partner,
subject to Delaware law, including, without limitation, (i) the
allocations of items of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction
and credit to each such class or series of Partnership Interests;
(ii) the right of each such class or series of Partnership
Interests to share in Partnership distributions; (iii) the rights
of each class or series of Partnership Interests upon dissolution
and liquidation of the Partnership and (iv) the right to vote;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no additional Partnership Interests shall
be issued to the General Partner or Ashford OP Limited Partner,
LLC unless:
(ii) (1) (A) The additional Partnership Interests are issued in connection with an issuance of REIT Shares of or other interests in the
Company, all such that the economic interests are substantially similar to the designations, preferences and other rights of the additional Partnership Interests issued to the General Partner or Ashford OP Limited Partner, LLC by the Partnership in accordance with this Section 4.3 and (B) the Company shall make, directly or through one or more Affiliates, a Capital Contribution to the Partnership in an amount equal to the proceeds raised or other property received by the Company, directly or through one or more Affiliates, in connection with the issuance of such shares or other interests in the Company, (2) the additional Partnership Interests are issued in exchange for property owned by the Company, the General Partner or Ashford OP Limited Partner, LLC, as the case may be, with a fair market value, as determined by the General Partner, in good faith, equal to the value of the Partnership Interests, or (3) the additional Partnership Interests are issued to all Partners in proportion to their respective Common Percentage Interests or Preferred Percentage Interests, as applicable.
Without limiting the foregoing, the General Partner is expressly authorized to cause the Partnership to issue Common Partnership Units or Preferred Partnership Units for less than fair market value, so long as the General Partner concludes in good faith that such issuance is in the best interests of the Company and the Partnership.
(b) UPON ISSUANCE OF ADDITIONAL SECURITIES. After the Offering, the Company shall not issue any additional REIT Shares (other than REIT Shares issued in connection with a redemption pursuant to Section 7.4 hereof) or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities containing the right to subscribe for or purchase REIT Shares (collectively, "Additional Securities") other than to all holders of REIT Shares, unless (A) the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to issue to the Company or its Affiliates, Partnership Interests or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities of the Partnership having designations, preferences and other rights, all such that the economic interests are substantially similar to those of the Additional Securities, and (B) the Company contributes, directly or through one or more Affiliates, the proceeds or other property received from the issuance of such Additional Securities and from any exercise of rights contained in such Additional Securities to the Partnership.
Without limiting the foregoing, the Company may issue Additional Securities for less than fair market value, and as a result the General Partner is expressly authorized to cause the Partnership to issue to the Company or its Affiliates corresponding Partnership Interests, so long as (x) the Company concludes in good faith that such issuance is in the best interests of the Company and the Partnership, and (y) the Company, directly or through one or more Affiliates, contributes all proceeds or other property received from such issuance to the Partnership. For example, in the event the Company issues REIT Common Shares for a cash purchase price and contributes, directly or through one or more Affiliates, all of the proceeds of such issuance to the Partnership as required hereunder, the Company or its Affiliates shall be issued a number of additional Common
Partnership Units equal to the product of (A) the number of such REIT Common Shares issued by the Company, the proceeds of which were so contributed, multiplied by (B) a fraction, the numerator of which is 100%, and the denominator of which is the Conversion Factor in effect on the date of such contribution.
(c) CERTAIN DEEMED CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROCEEDS OF ISSUANCE OF REIT SHARES. In connection with any and all issuances of REIT Shares, the Company, directly or through one or more Affiliates, shall contribute all of the proceeds raised in connection with such issuance to the Partnership as Capital Contributions, PROVIDED THAT if the proceeds actually received and contributed by the Company or its Affiliates are less than the gross proceeds of such issuance as a result of any underwriter's discount or other expenses paid or incurred in connection with such issuance, then the Company, directly or through one or more Affiliates, shall be deemed to have made Capital Contributions to the Partnership in the aggregate amount of the gross proceeds of such issuance and the Partnership shall be deemed simultaneously to have paid such offering expenses in connection with the required issuance of additional Partnership Units to the Company or its Affiliates for such Capital Contributions pursuant to Section 4.3(a) hereof.
Section 4.4 ADDITIONAL FUNDING. If the General Partner determines that it is in the best interests of the Partnership to provide for additional Partnership funds ("Additional Funds") for any Partnership purpose, the General Partner may (i) cause the Partnership to obtain such funds from outside borrowings, or (ii) elect to have the General Partner provide such Additional Funds to the Partnership through loans or otherwise.
Section 4.5 INTEREST. No interest shall be paid on the Capital Contribution of any Partner.
Section 4.6 RETURN OF CAPITAL. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, no Partner shall be entitled to demand or receive the return of his Capital Contribution.
Section 4.7 PERCENTAGE INTEREST. If the number of outstanding Common Partnership Units increases or decreases during a taxable year, the General Partner shall adjust each holder of Common Partnership Units' Percentage Interest, as reflected on Exhibit A, to a percentage equal to the number of Common Partnership Units held by such Partner divided by the aggregate number of outstanding Common Partnership Units.
ARTICLE V
PROFITS, LOSSES AND ACCOUNTING
Section 5.1 ALLOCATION OF PROFITS AND LOSSES. Except as otherwise provided herein or in Exhibit B, profits earned and losses incurred by the Partnership shall be allocated among the Partners as follows:
(a) Profits for each year shall be allocated among the Partners, and shall be credited to the respective Capital Accounts of the Partners, in the following order and priority:
(i) First, to the Partners to the extent of losses, in the proportions and in the reverse order in which losses were allocated to them pursuant to Section 5.1(b), until the cumulative amounts allocated to each Partner pursuant to this Section 5.1(a)(i) are equal to the cumulative losses so allocated to such Partner; and
(ii) Second, any remaining profits shall be allocated to the holders of Common Partnership Units in accordance with their Common Percentage Interests.
(b) Losses for each year shall be allocated among the Partners, and shall be debited to the respective Capital Accounts of the Partners, in the following order and priority:
(i) First, to the holders of Common Partnership Units pro rata in accordance with, and to the extent of, the positive balances in their Adjusted Capital Account Balances (as defined in Exhibit B hereto) attributable to Common Partnership Units; and
(ii) Thereafter any remaining losses will be allocated to the holders of Common Partnership Units in accordance with their Common Percentage Interests.
(c) In the event that the Partnership issues additional Partnership Units pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, the General Partner is hereby authorized to make revisions to this Section 5.1 as it determines are necessary or desirable to reflect the terms of the issuance of such additional Partnership Units, including, without limitation, making preferential allocations to certain classes of Partnership Units.
Section 5.2 ACCOUNTING.
(a) The books of the Partnership shall be kept on the accrual basis and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied.
(b) The fiscal year of the Partnership shall be the calendar year.
(c) The terms "profits" and "losses," as used herein, shall mean all items of income, gain, expense or loss as determined utilizing federal income tax accounting principles and shall also include each Partner's share of income described in Section 705(a)(1)(B) of the Code, any expenditures described in Section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code, any expenditures described in Section 709(a) of the Code which are not deducted or amortized in accordance with Section 709(b)
of the Code, losses not deductible pursuant to Sections 267(a) and 707(b) of the Code and adjustments made pursuant to Exhibit B attached hereto.
(d) The General Partner shall be the Tax Matters Partner of the Partnership within the meaning of Section 6231(a)(7) of the Code. As Tax Matters Partner, the General Partner shall have the right and obligation to take all actions authorized and required, respectively, by the Code for the Tax Matters Partner. The General Partner shall have the right to retain professional assistance in respect of any audit of the Partnership by the IRS, and all out-of-pocket expenses and fees incurred by the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership as Tax Matters Partner shall constitute Operating Expenses of the Partnership. In the event the General Partner receives notice of a final Partnership adjustment under Section 6223(a)(2) of the Code, the General Partner shall either (i) file a court petition for judicial review of such final adjustment within the period provided under Section 6226(a) of the Code, a copy of which petition shall be mailed to each Limited Partner on the date such petition is filed, or (ii) mail a written notice to each Limited Partner, within such period, that describes the General Partner's reasons for determining not to file such a petition.
(e) Except as specifically provided herein, all elections required or permitted to be made by the Partnership under the Code shall be made by the General Partner in its sole discretion.
(f) Any Partner shall have the right to a private audit of the books and records of the Partnership, provided such audit is made at the expense of the Partner desiring it, and it is made during normal business hours.
Section 5.3 PARTNERS' CAPITAL ACCOUNTS.
(a) There shall be maintained a Capital Account for each Partner in accordance with this Section 5.3 and the principles set forth in Exhibit B attached hereto and made a part hereof. The amount of cash and the Agreed Value of property contributed to the Partnership by each Partner, net of liabilities assumed by the Partnership or securing property contributed by such Partner, shall be credited to its Capital Account, and from time to time, but not less often than annually, the share of each Partner in profits, losses and fair market value of distributions shall be credited or charged to its Capital Account. The determination of Partners' Capital Accounts, and any adjustments thereto, shall be made consistent with tax accounting and other principles set forth in Section 704(b) of the Code and applicable regulations thereunder and Exhibit B attached hereto.
(b) Except as otherwise specifically provided herein or in a guarantee of a Partnership liability, signed by a Limited Partner, no Limited Partner shall be required to make any further contribution to the capital of the Partnership to restore a loss, to discharge any liability of the Partnership or for any other purpose, nor shall any Limited Partner personally be liable for any liabilities of
the Partnership or of the General Partner except as provided by law or this Agreement. All Limited Partners hereby waive their right of contribution which they may have against other Partners in respect of any payments made by them under any guarantee of Partnership debt.
(c) Immediately following the transfer of any Partnership Interest, the Capital Account of the transferee Partner shall be equal to the Capital Account of the transferor Partner attributable to the transferred interest, and such Capital Account shall not be adjusted to reflect any basis adjustment under Section 743 of the Code.
(d) For purposes of computing the amount of any item of income, gain, deduction or loss to be reflected in the Partners' Capital Accounts, the determination, recognition and classification of any such item shall be the same as its determination, recognition and classification for federal income tax purposes, taking into account any adjustments required pursuant to Section 704(b) of the Code and the applicable regulations thereunder as more fully described in Exhibit B attached hereto.
Section 5.4 SECTION 754 ELECTIONS. The General Partner shall elect, pursuant to Section 754 of the Code, to adjust the basis of the Partnership's assets for all transfers of Partnership Interests if such election would benefit any Partner or the Partnership.
ARTICLE VI
POWERS, DUTIES, LIABILITIES, COMPENSATION AND VOTING OF GENERAL PARTNER
Section 6.1 POWERS OF GENERAL PARTNER. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the General Partner's discretion and authority are subject to the limitations imposed by law, and by the General Partner's Articles of Organization and operating agreement. Subject to the foregoing and to other limitations imposed by this Agreement, the General Partner shall have full, complete and exclusive discretion to manage and control the business and affairs of the Partnership and make all decisions affecting the business and assets of the Partnership. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing (but subject to the restrictions specifically contained in this Agreement), the General Partner shall have the power and authority to take the following actions on behalf of the Partnership:
(a) to acquire, purchase, own, manage, operate, lease and dispose of any real property and any other property or assets that the General Partner determines are necessary or appropriate or in the best interests of conducting the business of the Partnership in each case not inconsistent with the Company's qualification as a REIT;
(b) to construct buildings and make other improvements (including renovations) on or to the properties owned or leased by the Partnership;
(c) to borrow money for the Partnership, issue evidences of indebtedness in connection therewith, refinance, guarantee, increase the amount of, modify, amend or change the terms of, or extend the time for the payment of, any indebtedness or obligation of or to the Partnership, and secure such indebtedness by mortgage, deed of trust, pledge or other lien on the Partnership's assets;
(d) to pay, either directly or by reimbursement, for all Operating Expenses to third parties or to the General Partner (as set forth in this Agreement);
(e) to lease all or any portion of any of the Partnership's assets, whether or not the terms of such leases extend beyond the termination date of the Partnership and whether or not any portion of the Partnership's assets so leased are to be occupied by the lessee, or, in turn, subleased in whole or in part to others, for such consideration and on such terms as the General Partner may determine;
(f) to prosecute, defend, arbitrate, or compromise any and all claims or liabilities in favor of or against the Partnership, on such terms and in such manner as the General Partner may reasonably determine, and similarly to prosecute, settle or defend litigation with respect to the Partners, the Partnership, or the Partnership's assets; provided, however, that the General Partner may not, without the consent of all of the Partners, confess a judgment against the Partnership;
(g) to file applications, communicate, and otherwise deal with any and all governmental agencies having jurisdiction over, or in any way affecting, the Partnership's assets or any other aspect of the Partnership business;
(h) to make or revoke any election permitted or required of the Partnership by any taxing authority;
(i) to maintain such insurance coverage for public liability, fire and casualty, and any and all other insurance for the protection of the Partnership, for the conservation of Partnership assets, or for any other purpose convenient or beneficial to the Partnership, in such amounts and such types as the General Partner shall determine from time to time;
(j) to determine whether or not to apply any insurance proceeds for any Property to the restoration of such Property or to distribute the same;
(k) to retain providers of services of any kind or nature in connection with the Partnership business and to pay therefor such reasonable remuneration as the General Partner may deem proper;
(l) to negotiate and conclude agreements on behalf of the Partnership with respect to any of the rights, powers and authority conferred upon the General Partner, including, without limitation, management agreements, franchise
agreements, agreements with federal, state or local liquor licensing agencies and agreements with operators of restaurants and bars;
(m) to maintain accurate accounting records and to file promptly all federal, state and local income tax returns on behalf of the Partnership;
(n) to form or acquire an interest in, and contribute property to, any further limited or general partnerships, joint ventures or other relationships that it deems desirable (including, without limitation, the acquisition of interests in, and the contributions of property to, its Subsidiaries and any other Person in which it has an equity interest from time to time);
(o) to distribute Partnership cash or other Partnership assets in accordance with this Agreement;
(p) to establish Partnership reserves for working capital, capital expenditures, contingent liabilities or any other valid Partnership purpose;
(q) to authorize, issue, sell, redeem or otherwise purchase any Partnership Interests or any securities (including secured and unsecured debt obligations of the Partnership, debt obligations of the Partnership convertible into any class or series of Partnership Interests, or options, rights, warrants or appreciation rights relating to any Partnership Interests) of the Partnership;
(r) subject to the provisions of Section 9.1, to merge, consolidate or combine the Partnership with or into another Person (to the extent permitted by applicable law);
(s) to do any and all acts and things necessary or prudent to ensure that the Partnership will not be classified as a "publicly traded partnership" for purposes of Section 7704 of the Code;
(t) to issue additional Partnership Interests pursuant to Section 4.3 hereof;
(u) to pay cash to redeem Partnership Units held by a Limited Partner in connection with a Limited Partner's exercise of its Redemption Right under Section 7.4 hereof;
(v) to amend and restate Exhibit A hereto to reflect accurately at all times the Capital Contributions, Common Percentage Interests and Preferred Percentage Interests of the Partners as the same are adjusted from time to time to the extent necessary to reflect redemptions, Capital Contributions, the issuance of Partnership Units, the admission of any Additional Limited Partner or any Substitute Limited Partner or otherwise, which amendment and restatement, notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, shall not be deemed an amendment to this Agreement, as long as the matter or event being reflected in Exhibit A hereto otherwise is authorized by this Agreement;
(w) to take whatever action the General Partner deems appropriate to maintain the economic equivalency of Common Partnership Units and REIT Common Shares and Preferred Partnership Units and REIT Preferred Shares, respectively; and
(x) to take such other action, execute, acknowledge, swear to or deliver such other documents and instruments, and perform any and all other acts the General Partner deems necessary or appropriate for the formation, continuation and conduct of the business and affairs of the Partnership (including, without limitation, all actions consistent with qualification of the Company as a REIT) and to possess and enjoy all of the rights and powers of a general partner as provided by the Act.
Each of the Limited Partners agrees that the General Partner is authorized to execute, deliver and perform the above-mentioned agreements and transactions on behalf of the Partnership without any further act, approval or vote of the Partners, notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement (except as provided in this Section 6.1(r), Section 9.1 or Article XI), the Act or any applicable law, rule or regulation to the fullest extent permitted under the Act or other applicable law, rule or regulation. The execution, delivery or performance by the General Partner or the Partnership of any agreement authorized or permitted under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach by the General Partner of any duty that the General Partner may owe the Partnership or the Limited Partners or any other persons under this Agreement or of any duty stated or implied by law or equity.
Except as otherwise provided herein, to the extent the duties of the General Partner require expenditures of funds to be paid to third parties, the General Partner shall not have any obligations hereunder except to the extent that Partnership funds are reasonably available to it for the performance of such duties, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize or require the General Partner, in its capacity as such, to expend its individual funds for payment to third parties or to undertake any individual liability or obligation on behalf of the Partnership.
Section 6.2 DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY. The General Partner may delegate any or all of its powers, rights and obligations hereunder, and may appoint, employ, contract or otherwise deal with any Person for the transaction of the business of the Partnership, which Person may, under supervision of the General Partner, perform any acts or services for the Partnership as the General Partner may approve.
Section 6.3 DUTIES OF GENERAL PARTNER.
(a) The General Partner, subject to the limitations contained elsewhere in this Agreement, shall manage or cause to be managed the affairs of the Partnership in a prudent and businesslike manner and shall devote sufficient time and effort to the Partnership affairs.
(b) In carrying out its obligations, the General Partner shall:
(i) Render annual reports to all Partners with respect to the operations of the Partnership;
(ii) On or before March 31st of every year, mail to all persons who were Partners at any time during the Partnership's prior fiscal year an annual report of the Partnership, including all necessary tax information, and any other information regarding the Partnership and its operations during the prior fiscal year deemed by the General Partner to be material;
(iii) Maintain complete and accurate records of all business conducted by the Partnership and complete and accurate books of account (containing such information as shall be necessary to record allocations and distributions), and make such records and books of account available for inspection and audit by any Partner or such Partner's duly authorized representative (at the sole expense of such Partner) during regular business hours and at the principal office of the Partnership; and
(iv) Cause to be filed such certificates and do such other acts as may be required by law to qualify and maintain the Partnership as a limited partnership under the laws of the State of Delaware.
(c) The General Partner shall take such actions as it deems necessary to maintain the economic equivalency of Common Partnership Units and REIT Common Shares and Preferred Partnership Units and REIT Preferred Shares, respectively, required by this Agreement.
Section 6.4 LIABILITIES OF GENERAL PARTNER; INDEMNIFICATION.
(a) The General Partner shall not be liable for the return of all or any part of the Capital Contributions of the Limited Partners. Any returns shall be made solely from the assets of the Partnership according to the terms of this Agreement.
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, none of the General Partner or the Company nor any of their officers, directors, agents or employees shall be liable or accountable in damages or otherwise to the Partnership, any Partners or any assignees, or any of their successors or assigns, for any losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived as a result of errors in judgment or mistakes of fact or law or any act or omission if the General Partner acted in good faith. The General Partner shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part on any agent appointed by it in good faith pursuant to Section 6.2 hereof. The Limited Partners expressly acknowledge that the General Partner is acting on behalf of the Partnership, the General Partner, the General Partner's members and the Company's shareholders collectively, and that the General Partner is under no obligation to consider the separate interests of the Limited Partners (including, without limitation, the tax consequences to Limited Partners or their assignees) in
deciding whether to cause the Partnership to take (or decline to take) any actions. In the event of a conflict between the interests of the members of the General Partner or shareholders of the Company on one hand and the Limited Partners on the other, the General Partner shall endeavor in good faith to resolve the conflict in a manner not adverse to either the shareholders of the Company or the Limited Partners; provided, however, that for so long as the Company owns a controlling interest, directly or indirectly, in the Partnership, any such conflict that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either the shareholders of the Company or the Limited Partners shall be resolved in favor of the shareholders of the Company. The General Partner shall not be liable for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred, or benefits not derived by Limited Partners in connection with such decisions, provided that the General Partner has acted in good faith.
(c) The Partnership shall indemnify an Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by law and save and hold it harmless from and against, and in respect of, any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities (joint or several), expenses (including legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, that relate to the operations of the Partnership as set forth in this Agreement in which any Indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise; provided, however, that this indemnification shall not apply if: (A) the act or omission of the Indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; (B) the Indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or (C) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order or settlement does not create a presumption that the Indemnitee did not meet the requisite standard of conduct set forth in this Section 6.4(c). The termination of any proceeding by conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, creates a rebuttable presumption that the Indemnitee acted in a manner contrary to that specified in this Section 6.4(c). Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 6.4 shall be made only out of the assets of the Partnership, and any insurance proceeds from the liability policy covering the General Partner and any Indemnitee.
(d) The Partnership may reimburse an Indemnitee for reasonable expenses incurred by an Indemnitee who is a party to a proceeding in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding upon receipt by the Partnership of (i) a written affirmation by the Indemnitee of the Indemnitee's good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Partnership as authorized in this Section 6.4 has been met, and (ii) a written undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay the amount if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct has not been met.
(e) The indemnification provided by this Section 6.4 shall be in addition to any other rights to which an Indemnitee or any other Person may be entitled under any agreement, pursuant to any vote of the Partners, as a matter of law or otherwise, and shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to serve in such capacity.
(f) The Partnership may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of the Indemnitees, and such other Persons as the General Partner shall determine, against any liability that may be asserted against or expenses that may be incurred by such Person in connection with the Partnership's activities, regardless of whether the Partnership would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability under the provisions of this Agreement.
(g) For purposes of this Section 6.4, the Partnership shall be deemed to have requested an Indemnitee to serve as fiduciary of an employee benefit plan whenever the performance by the Indemnitee of its duties to the Partnership also imposes duties on, or otherwise involves services by, the Indemnitee to the plan or participants or beneficiaries of the plan; excise taxes assessed on an Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan pursuant to applicable law shall constitute fines within the meaning of this Section 6.4; and actions taken or omitted by the Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan in the performance of its duties for a purpose reasonably believed by the Indemnitee to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plan shall be deemed to be for a purpose which is not opposed to the best interests of the Partnership.
(h) In no event may an Indemnitee subject the Limited Partners to personal liability by reason of the indemnification provisions set forth in this Agreement.
(i) An Indemnitee shall not be denied indemnification in whole or in part under this Section 6.4 because the Indemnitee had an interest in the transaction with respect to which the indemnification applies if the transaction was otherwise permitted by the terms of this Agreement.
(j) Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 6.4 or
any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way
affect the limitations on the General Partner's liability to the
Partnership and the Limited Partners under this Section 6.4 as in
effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with
respect to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such
amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when claims relating
to such matters may arise or be asserted. The provisions of this
Section 6.4 are for the benefit of the Indemnitees, their heirs,
successors, assigns and administrators and shall not be deemed to
create any rights for the benefit of any other Persons.
(k) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement or the Act, any action of the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership or any decision of the General Partner to refrain from acting on behalf of the Partnership,
undertaken in the good faith belief that such action or omission is necessary or advisable in order (i) to protect the ability of the Company to continue to qualify as a REIT, or (ii) to prevent the Company from incurring any taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code, is expressly authorized under this Agreement and is deemed approved by all of the Limited Partners. Further, any provision of this Agreement that might jeopardize the Company's REIT status shall be (i) void and of no effect, or (ii) reformed, as necessary, to avoid the Company's loss of REIT status.
Section 6.5 COMPENSATION OF GENERAL PARTNER; REIMBURSEMENT. The General Partner, as such, shall not receive any compensation for services rendered to the Partnership. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the General Partner shall be entitled, in accordance with the provisions of Section 6.7 below, to pay reasonable compensation to its Affiliates and other entities in which it may be associated for services performed. The General Partner shall be reimbursed on a monthly basis, or such other basis as the General Partner may determine in its sole and absolute discretion, for all REIT Expenses.
Section 6.6 RELIANCE ON ACT OF GENERAL PARTNER. No financial institution or any other person, firm or corporation dealing with the General Partner or the Partnership shall be required to ascertain whether the General Partner is acting in accordance with this Agreement, but such financial institution or such other person, firm or corporation shall be protected in relying solely upon the assurance of and the execution of any instrument or instruments by the General Partner.
Section 6.7 OUTSIDE SERVICES; DEALINGS WITH AFFILIATES; OUTSIDE ACTIVITIES.
(a) Notwithstanding any provision of this Article VI to the contrary, the General Partner may employ such agents, accountants, attorneys and others as it shall deem advisable, including its directors, officers, shareholders, and its Affiliates and entities with which the General Partner, any Limited Partner or their respective Affiliates may be associated, the Company's directors, officers and shareholders, and may pay them reasonable compensation from Partnership funds for services performed, which compensation shall be reasonably believed by the General Partner to be comparable to and competitive with fees charged by unrelated Persons who render comparable services which could reasonably be made available to the Partnership. The General Partner shall not be liable for the neglect, omission or wrongdoing of any such Person so long as it appointed such Person in good faith.
(b) The Partnership may lend or contribute to its Subsidiaries or other Persons in which it has an equity investment Partnership funds on terms and conditions established in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner. The foregoing authority shall not create any right or benefit in favor of any Subsidiary or any other Person.
(c) The Partnership may transfer assets to joint ventures, other partnerships, corporations or other business entities in which it is or thereby becomes a participant upon such terms and subject to such conditions as are consistent with this Agreement and applicable law.
(d) Except as expressly permitted by this Agreement, neither the General Partner nor any of its Affiliates nor any Limited Partner shall sell, transfer or convey any property to, or purchase any property from, the Partnership, directly or indirectly, except pursuant to transactions that are on terms that are fair and reasonable to the Partnership.
(e) Subject to the Articles of Organization and any agreements entered into by the General Partner or its Affiliates with the Partnership or a Subsidiary, any officer, director, employee, agent, trustee, Affiliate or shareholder of the General Partner shall be entitled to and may have business interests and engage in business activities in addition to those relating to the Partnership, including business interests and activities substantially similar or identical to those of the Partnership. Neither the Partnership nor any of the Limited Partners shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement in any business ventures of such person.
(f) In the event the Company exercises its rights under its Articles of Incorporation to redeem REIT Common Shares, then the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to purchase from the Company a number of Common Partnership Units determined based on the application of the Conversion Factor on the same terms as those on which the Company redeemed such REIT Common Shares.
Section 6.8 ADDITIONAL LOANS TO THE PARTNERSHIP. If additional funds are required by the Partnership for any purpose relating to the business of the Partnership or for any of its obligations, expenses, costs, or expenditures, including operating deficits, the Partnership may borrow such funds as are needed from time to time from any Person (including, without limitation, the General Partner or any Affiliate of the General Partner; provided, however, that the terms of any loan from the General Partner or any Affiliate of the General Partner shall be substantially equivalent to the terms that could be obtained from a third party on an arm's-length basis) on such terms as the General Partner and such other Person may agree.
Section 6.9 CONTRIBUTION OF ASSETS. The Company, directly or through one or more of its Affiliates, shall contribute to the capital of the Partnership from time to time each asset it owns from time to time during the existence of the Partnership, but it is not required to so contribute:
(a) its interests in the General Partner or Ashford OP Limited Partner, LLC;
(b) its direct or indirect interest in any entity in a chain of entities of which the Company is the sole beneficial owner, so long as all of the assets or
other ownership interests in the entity in that chain furthest removed from the General Partner are contributed directly or indirectly to the Partnership; or
(c) any equity interest in any entity of which the Company is the sole beneficial owner that is created or used solely by the General Partner in connection with any borrowing transaction in whole or in part for the benefit of the Partnership.
ARTICLE VII
RIGHTS, PROHIBITIONS AND REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO LIMITED PARTNERS
Section 7.1 RIGHTS OF LIMITED PARTNERS.
(a) The Partnership may engage the Limited Partners or persons or firms associated with them for specific purposes and may otherwise deal with such Partners on terms and for compensation to be agreed upon by any such Partner and the Partnership; provided, however, that no Limited Partner shall be entitled to participate in the management or control of the business of the Partnership.
(b) Each Limited Partner shall be entitled to have the Partnership books kept at the principal place of business of the Partnership and at all times, during reasonable business hours and at such Partner's sole expense, shall be entitled to inspect and copy any of them and have on demand true and full information of all things affecting the Partnership and a formal accounting of Partnership affairs whenever circumstances render it just and reasonable; provided, however, for such period of time as the General Partner determines in its sole and absolute discretion to be reasonable, the General Partner may keep confidential from the Limited Partners any information that (i) the General Partner believes to be in the nature of trade secrets or other information the disclosure of which the General Partner in good faith believes is not in the best interests of the Partnership or (ii) the Partnership or the General Partner is required by law or by agreements with unaffiliated third parties to keep confidential.
(c) No Limited Partner shall be liable for any debts, liabilities, contracts or obligations of the Partnership. A Limited Partner shall be liable to the Partnership only to make payments of its Capital Contribution, if any, as and when due hereunder. After its Capital Contribution is fully paid, no Limited Partner shall, except as otherwise required by the Act, be required to make any further Capital Contributions or other payments or lend any funds to the Partnership.
Section 7.2 PROHIBITIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE LIMITED PARTNERS. No Limited Partner shall have the right:
(a) To take part in the control or management of the Partnership business, to transact business for or on behalf of the Partnership or to sign for or to bind the Partnership, such powers being vested solely in the General Partner as set forth herein;
(b) To have such Partner's Capital Contributions repaid except to the extent provided in this Agreement;
(c) To require partition of Partnership property or to compel any sale or appraisement of Partnership assets or sale of a deceased Partner's interests therein, notwithstanding any provisions of law to the contrary; or
(d) To sell or assign all or any portion of such Partner's Limited Partnership Interest in the Partnership or to constitute the vendee or assignee thereunder a Substitute Limited Partner, except as provided in Article IX hereof.
Section 7.3 OWNERSHIP BY LIMITED PARTNER OF CORPORATE GENERAL PARTNER OR AFFILIATE. No Limited Partner shall at any time, either directly or indirectly, own any shares or other interest in the General Partner or in any Affiliate thereof if such ownership by itself or in conjunction with other shares or other interests owned by other Limited Partners would, in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership, jeopardize the classification of the Partnership as a partnership or the Company as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. The General Partner shall be entitled to make such reasonable inquiry of the Limited Partners as is required to establish compliance by the Limited Partners with the provisions of this Section 7.3 and the Limited Partners shall promptly and fully respond to such inquiries.
Section 7.4 REDEMPTION RIGHT.
(a) Subject to Section 7.4(b) and Section 7.4(c), and the provisions of any agreements between the Partnership and one or more Limited Partners, each Limited Partner, other than Ashford OP Limited Partner, LLC, shall have the right (the "Redemption Right") to require the Partnership to redeem on a Specified Redemption Date all or a portion of the Common Partnership Units held by such Limited Partner at a redemption price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount to be paid by the Partnership. The Partnership shall have up to one (1) year (the "Payout Period") following exercise of a Redemption Right to pay the Cash Amount to the Limited Partner who is exercising the redemption right (the "Redeeming Partner"). From and after the Specified Redemption Date, the Cash Amount (or portion thereof) due and payable to a Redeeming Partner with respect to such Redeeming Partner's exercise of its Redemption Right shall bear interest at the rate equal to the lower of (i) the Company's annual dividend rate on REIT Common Shares for the prior twelve (12) month period, or (ii) eight percent (8%) per annum, until the Cash Amount (or portion thereof) shall be paid in full by the Partnership. The Redemption Right shall be exercised pursuant to a Notice of Redemption delivered to the Partnership (with a copy to the General Partner) by the Redeeming Partner. A Limited Partner may not exercise the Redemption
Right for less than one thousand (1,000) Common Partnership Units or, if such Limited Partner holds less than one thousand (1,000) Common Partnership Units, all of the Common Partnership Units held by such Partner. Neither the Redeeming Partner nor any permitted or purported assignee of any Limited Partner shall have any right with respect to any Common Partnership Units so redeemed to receive any distributions paid after the Specified Redemption Date. Neither the Redeeming Partner nor any permitted or purported assignee of any Limited Partner shall have any right, with respect to any Common Partnership Units so redeemed, to receive any distributions paid after the Specified Redemption Date. Each Redeeming Partner agrees to provide such representations and related indemnities regarding good and unencumbered title, and to execute such documents, as the General Partner may reasonably require in connection with any redemption.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 7.4(a), in the event
a Limited Partner elects to exercise the Redemption Right, the General
Partner at the direction of the Company, directly or indirectly through
one or more Affiliates, may, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect
to assume directly and satisfy a Redemption Right by paying to the
Redeeming Partner either (i) the Cash Amount, as provided for in
Section 7.4(a), or (ii) the REIT Common Shares Amount, as elected by
the General Partner, as directed by the Company (in its sole and
absolute discretion), on the Specified Redemption Date, provided that
the Company may defer payment of the Cash Amount until the end of the
Payout Period described in Section 7.4(a) (in which case the Cash
Amount shall bear interest as described in Section 7.4(a)), and
provided, further, that the Company may, if it has elected so to defer
payment of the Cash Amount, further elect at any time before the end of
the Payout Period to pay all or any portion of the unpaid Cash Amount
with REIT Common Shares having a Value equal to such portion of the
Cash Amount plus any accrued but unpaid interest thereon. On any such
election, the Company, directly or indirectly through one or more
Affiliates, shall acquire the Common Partnership Units offered for
redemption by the Redeeming Partner and shall be treated for all
purposes of this Agreement as the owner of such Common Partnership
Units. Unless the General Partner, as directed by the Company (in its
sole and absolute discretion) shall exercise its right to assume
directly and satisfy the Redemption Right, neither the General Partner
nor the Company itself shall have any obligation to the Redeeming
Partner or to the Partnership with respect to the Redeeming Partner's
exercise of the Redemption Right. In the event the General Partner, as
directed by the Company shall exercise its right to satisfy the
Redemption Right in the manner described in the first sentence of this
Section 7.4(b), the Partnership shall have no obligation to pay any
amount to the Redeeming Partner with respect to such Redeeming
Partner's exercise of the Redemption Right, and each of the Redeeming
Partner, the Partnership, and the Company shall treat the transaction
between the Company and the Redeeming Partner for federal income tax
purposes as a sale of the Redeeming Partner's Common Partnership Units
to the Company or its Affiliates. Each Redeeming Partner agrees to
provide such representations and related indemnities regarding good
title, and to execute such documents, as the Company
may reasonably require in connection with the issuance of REIT Common Shares upon exercise of the Redemption Right. If the Redemption Right is satisfied by the delivery of REIT Common Shares, the Redeeming Partner shall be deemed to become a holder of REIT Common Shares as of the close of business on the Specified Redemption Date or on such later date permitted by this Section 7.4(b) that the Company delivers REIT Common Shares in satisfaction of a deferred payment of the Cash Amount, as the case may be.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 7.4(a) or this Section 7.4(b), and in addition to the right of the Company to deliver REIT Common Shares in satisfaction of a deferred payment of the Cash Amount, as provided above, should the General Partner, as directed by the Company elect to satisfy a Redemption Right by paying the Redeeming Partner the REIT Common Shares Amount, and it is necessary to obtain Company shareholder approval in order for it to issue sufficient REIT Common Shares to satisfy such Redemption Right in full, then the Company shall have one hundred twenty (120) days beyond the Specified Redemption Date in which to obtain such shareholder approval and to pay the REIT Common Shares Amount, and the redemption date shall be required to occur by the earliest of: (i) ten (10) days after shareholder approval of the issuance of the REIT Common Shares has been obtained, if it is obtained; (ii) the date on which the General Partner, as directed by the Company elects to pay such Redeeming Partner the Cash Amount; or (iii) one hundred and thirty (130) days after such Common Partnership Units are presented for redemption. If such shareholder approval is not obtained, the Partnership shall pay to the Redeeming Partner the Cash Amount no later than the end of what the Payout Period would have been had the General Partner, as directed by the Company not elected to pay the REIT Common Share Amount upon the redemption, together with interest on such Cash Amount as specified in Section 7.4(a) hereof.
(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 7.4(a) and Section 7.4(b), a Limited Partner shall not be entitled to receive REIT Common Shares if the delivery of REIT Common Shares to such Partner on the Specified Redemption Date (or such later date permitted by Section 7.4(b), as applicable) by the Company pursuant to Section 7.4(b) would be prohibited under the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended or restated from time to time. Without limiting the effect of the preceding sentence, no Person shall be permitted to receive REIT Common Shares if as a result of, and after giving effect to, such exercise any Person would Beneficially Own (as defined in the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended or restated from time to time) more than 9.8% of the total number of issued and outstanding REIT Common Shares, unless waived by the board of directors of the Company in its sole discretion. To the extent any attempted redemption for REIT Common Shares would be a violation of this Section 7.4(c), it shall be null and void ab initio. The Cash Amount shall be paid in such instances, in accordance with the terms set forth in Section 7.4(a) or 7.4(b).
(d) Each Limited Partner covenants and agrees with the General Partner that all Common Partnership Units delivered for redemption shall be
delivered to the Partnership, the Company or its Affiliates, as the case may be, free and clear of all liens and, notwithstanding anything herein contained to the contrary, neither the General Partner, the Company (nor any of its Affiliates) nor the Partnership shall be under any obligation to acquire Common Partnership Units which are or may be subject to any liens. Each Limited Partner further agrees that, in the event any state or local property transfer tax is payable as a result of the transfer of its Common Partnership Units to the General Partner, Partnership or the Company, such Limited Partner shall assume and pay such transfer tax.
(e) REIT Common Shares issued pursuant to Section 7.4(b) may contain such legends regarding restrictions on transfer as the Company in good faith determines to be necessary or advisable in order to (1) comply with restrictions on transfer under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws and (2) protect the ability of the Company to continue to qualify as a REIT.
Section 7.5 WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF THE LIMITED PARTNERS. Each Limited Partner contributing Initial Contributed Assets hereby warrants and represents to and for the benefit of the General Partner and the Partnership that, as of_________________, 2003 such Limited Partner owned good, valid and marketable title to the ownership interests in the Initial Contributed Assets being contributed to the capital of the Partnership by such Limited Partner (the "Ownership Interests") and that such Ownership Interests were free and clear of all mortgages, pledges, liens, security interests, encumbrances and restrictions of any nature whatsoever. Each Limited Partner further warrants and represents to and for the benefit of the General Partner and the Partnership that such Limited Partner had all necessary power and authority to transfer the Ownership Interests to the Partnership without the consent or authorization of, or notice to, any third party, except those third parties from whom such consents or authorizations were obtained.
Section 7.6 INDEMNIFICATION BY LIMITED PARTNERS. Each Limited Partner contributing Initial Contributed Assets hereby agrees to indemnify the General Partner and the Partnership and hold the General Partner, its officers and directors and the Partnership and its partners and each of their respective representatives, successors and assigns harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, losses, liabilities, damages and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) arising out of or in connection with (i) the inaccuracy of the warranties and representations made by such Limited Partner under Section 7.5 above, or (ii) the ownership of the Ownership Interests by such Limited Partner and any activities, obligations or liabilities of, or related to, the Initial Contributed Assets to which such Ownership Interest relates for all periods prior to the date of this Agreement.
Section 7.7 NOTICE OF SALE OR REFINANCING. The General Partner shall notify the Limited Partners no less than thirty (30) days prior to any sale, refinancing, reduction (other than scheduled periodic amortization of principal) of debt or other event that will reduce the amount of any nonrecourse liabilities of the Partnership that a Limited Partner may include in the tax basis of his or its Partnership Interests.
Section 7.8 BASIS ANALYSIS AND LIMITED PARTNER GUARANTEES.
(a) Upon the request of any Limited Partner but subject to the General Partner's agreement, which may be withheld in the General Partner's sole discretion, the General Partner may, prior to the end of each calendar year, beginning in 2003, cause accountants to prepare and provide to the Limited Partners a study analyzing each refinancing, reduction (other than scheduled periodic amortization of principal) of debt or other event that occurred during that year that reduced the amount of any nonrecourse liabilities of the Partnership that a Limited Partner may include in the tax basis of its Partnership Interests.
(b) Upon the request of the General Partner, or upon a Limited Partner's own election but subject to the General Partner's agreement, which may be withheld in the General Partner's sole discretion, a Limited Partner (the "Initiating Limited Partner") from time to time, may, but shall not be required to, guarantee or otherwise provide credit support for Partnership indebtedness as such Limited Partner may elect; provided, however, that the Limited Partner shall be entitled to take such action only if the General Partner determines that any such action would not have a material adverse effect on the tax position of the General Partner. All Partners are entitled to notice of any such guarantee or credit support, and shall have the right to provide guarantees or credit support on the same terms and conditions as the Initiating Limited Partner does, and all Limited Partners interested in providing such guarantee or credit support shall cooperate with the General Partner and each other in considering any guarantee or credit support proposal, and the General Partner will cooperate in permitting or obtaining any consents for such guarantees or credit support.
ARTICLE VIII
DISTRIBUTIONS AND PAYMENTS TO PARTNERS
Section 8.1 DISTRIBUTIONS OF CASH FLOW.
(a) The General Partner shall cause the Partnership to distribute on a quarterly basis such portion of the Cash Flow of the Partnership as the General Partner shall determine in its sole discretion. Except as provided in Section 10.4, such distributions shall be made to the Partners who are Partners on the applicable record date in accordance with their respective Common Percentage Interests. In the event the Partnership issues additional Partnership Units pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, the General Partner is hereby authorized to make such revisions to this Article 8 as it determines are necessary or desirable to reflect the issuance of such additional Partnership units, including without limitation, making preferential distributions to certain classes of Partnership Units.
(b) In no event may a Partner receive a distribution of Cash Flow with respect to a Partnership Unit if such Partner is entitled to receive a dividend out of
the Company's share of such Cash Flow with respect to a REIT Share for which all or part of such Partnership Unit has been exchanged.
Section 8.2 REIT DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS. Unless the General Partner determines that such a distribution would not be in the best interests of the Partnership, the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to distribute sufficient amounts to enable the Company (i) to meet its distribution requirement for qualification as a REIT as set forth in Section 857(a)(1) of the Code, and (ii) to avoid the excise tax imposed by Section 4981 of the Code.
Section 8.3 NO RIGHT TO DISTRIBUTIONS IN KIND. No Partner shall be entitled to demand property other than cash in connection with any distribution by the Partnership.
Section 8.4 DISPOSITION PROCEEDS. Disposition Proceeds (less reasonable reserves set aside by the General Partner for reasonably anticipated expenses or needs of the Partnership) shall be distributed to the holders of Common Partnership Interests in accordance with their respective Common Percentage Interests in the Partnership.
Section 8.5 WITHDRAWALS. No Partner shall be entitled to make withdrawals from its Capital Account, or withdraw as a Limited Partner, except as expressly provided herein.
ARTICLE IX
TRANSFERS OF INTERESTS
Section 9.1 GENERAL PARTNER.
(a) Other than to an Affiliate of the General Partner, the General Partner may not transfer any of its General Partnership Interest or Limited Partnership Interests or withdraw as General Partner except as provided in Section 9.1(b) or in connection with a transaction described in Section 9.1(c).
(b) Except as otherwise provided in Section 6.7 or Section 9.1(c), the General Partner, the Company or their Subsidiaries shall not engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another Person or in any sale of all or substantially all of its assets, or any reclassification, or recapitalization or change of outstanding REIT Common Shares (other than a change in par value, or from par value to no par value, or as a result of a subdivision or combination as described in the definition of "Conversion Factor") (each of the foregoing being herein referred to as a "Transaction"), unless the Transaction also includes a merger of the Partnership or sale of substantially all of the assets of the Partnership or other transaction as a result of which all Limited Partners will receive for each Common Partnership Unit an amount of cash, securities or other property equal to the product of the Conversion Factor and the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid to a holder of one REIT Common Share in consideration of one REIT Common Share as a result of the
Transaction; provided, however, that if, in connection with the Transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding REIT Common Shares, the holders of Common Partnership Units shall receive the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property which a Limited Partner would have received had it exercised the Redemption Right and the General Partner at the direction of the Company had exercised its election to satisfy the Redemption Right by the issuance of REIT Common Shares immediately prior to the expiration of such purchase, tender or exchange offer.
(c) Notwithstanding Section 9.1(b), the General Partner, the
Company or their Subsidiaries may merge into or consolidate with
another entity if immediately after such merger or consolidation (i)
substantially all of the assets of the successor or surviving entity
(the "Surviving Partner"), other than Partnership Units held by the
General Partner, the Company or their Subsidiaries, are contributed to
the Partnership as a Capital Contribution in exchange for Partnership
Units with a fair market value equal to the value of the assets so
contributed as determined by the Surviving Partner in good faith and
(ii) the Surviving Partner or one of its Subsidiaries expressly agrees
to assume all obligations of the General Partner hereunder. Upon such
contribution and assumption, the Surviving Partner shall have the right
and duty to amend this Agreement as set forth in this Section 9.1(c).
The Surviving Partner shall in good faith arrive at a new method for
the calculation of the Cash Amount and Conversion Factor for a Common
Partnership Unit after any such merger or consolidation so as to
approximate the existing method for such calculation as closely as
reasonably possible. Such calculation shall take into account, among
other things, the kind and amount of securities, cash and other
property that was receivable upon such merger or consolidation by a
holder of REIT Shares or options, warrants or other rights relating
thereto, and which a holder of Common Partnership Units could have
acquired had such Common Partnership Units been redeemed immediately
prior to such merger or consolidation. Such amendment to this Agreement
shall provide for adjustment to such method of calculation, which shall
be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments
provided for with respect to the Conversion Factor. The above
provisions of this Section 9.1(c) shall similarly apply to successive
mergers or consolidations permitted hereunder.
Section 9.2 ADMISSION OF A SUBSTITUTE OR ADDITIONAL GENERAL PARTNER. A Person shall be admitted as a Substitute or Additional General Partner of the Partnership only if the transaction giving rise to such substitution or admission is otherwise permitted under this Agreement and the following terms and conditions are satisfied:
(a) the Person to be admitted as a Substitute or Additional General Partner shall have accepted and agreed to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement by executing a counterpart thereof and such other documents or instruments as may be required or appropriate in order to effect the admission of such Person as a General Partner, and a certificate evidencing the
admission of such Person as a General Partner shall have been filed for recordation and all other actions required by the Act in connection with such admission shall have been performed;
(b) if the Person to be admitted as a Substitute or Additional General Partner is a corporation or a partnership, it shall have provided the Partnership with evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Partnership of such Person's authority to become a General Partner and to be bound by the terms and provisions of this Agreement; and
(c) counsel for the Partnership shall have rendered an opinion (relying on such opinions from counsel of the state or any other jurisdiction as may be necessary) that the admission of the Person to be admitted as a Substitute or Additional General Partner is in conformity with the Act and that none of the actions taken in connection with the admission of such Person as a Substitute or Additional General Partner will cause the termination of the Partnership under Section 708 of the Code, or will cause it to be classified as other than a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or will result in the loss of any Limited Partner's limited liability status.
Section 9.3 EFFECT OF BANKRUPTCY, WITHDRAWAL, DEATH OR DISSOLUTION OF A GENERAL PARTNER.
(a) Upon the occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to a General Partner (and its automatic removal pursuant to Section 9.4(a) hereof) or the withdrawal or dissolution of a General Partner (except that, if a General Partner is on the date of such occurrence a partnership, the withdrawal, death, dissolution, Event of Bankruptcy as to or removal of a partner in such partnership shall be deemed not to be a dissolution of such General Partner if the business of such General Partner is continued within ninety (90) days by the remaining general partners or all remaining members of such partnership), the Partnership shall be dissolved and terminated unless the Partnership is continued pursuant to Section 9.3(b).
(b) Following the occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to a
General Partner or the withdrawal or dissolution of a General Partner
(except that, if a General Partner is on the date of such occurrence a
partnership, the withdrawal, death, dissolution, Event of Bankruptcy as
to or removal of a partner in such partnership shall be deemed not be a
dissolution of such General Partner if the business of such General
Partner is continued within ninety (90) days by all remaining general
partners or all remaining members of such partnership), persons holding
at least a majority of the Limited Partnership interests, within ninety
(90) days after such occurrence, may elect to continue the business of
the Partnership for the balance of the term specified in Section 3.2 by
selecting, subject to Section 9.2 and any other applicable provisions
of this Agreement, a Substitute General Partner by majority consent of
the Limited Partners. If the Limited Partners elect to reconstitute the
Partnership and admit a Substitute
General Partner, the relationship between the Partners and any Person who has acquired an interest of a Partner in the Partnership shall be governed by this Agreement.
Section 9.4 REMOVAL OF A GENERAL PARTNER.
(a) Upon the occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to, or the dissolution of, a General Partner, such General Partner shall be deemed to be removed automatically; provided, however, that if a General Partner is on the date of such occurrence a partnership, the withdrawal, death, dissolution, Event of Bankruptcy as to or removal of a partner in such partnership shall be deemed not to be a dissolution of the General Partner if the business of such General Partner is continued within ninety (90) days by the remaining general partners or all remaining members of such Partnership.
(b) If a General Partner has been removed pursuant to this Section 9.4(a) and the Partnership is not continued pursuant to Section 9.3(b), the partnership shall be dissolved.
(c) A General Partner may not be removed by the Limited Partners with or without cause.
Section 9.5 RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this Article IX, no Limited Partner may offer, sell, assign, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise transfer its Limited Partnership Interest, in whole or in part, whether voluntarily or by operation of law or at judicial sale or otherwise (collectively, a "Transfer"), without the written consent of the General Partner, which consent may be withheld in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner; provided, however, the consent required by this Section 9.5(a) shall not be required in the event of a Transfer on or after the first anniversary of the date of this Agreement by a Limited Partner that was a limited partner as of the date of this Agreement to any of its partners. The General Partner may require, as a condition of any Transfer, that the transferor assume all costs incurred by the Partnership in connection therewith.
(b) No Limited Partner may effect a Transfer of its Limited Partnership Interest if, (i) in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, such proposed Transfer would require the registration of the Limited Partnership Interest under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or would otherwise violate any applicable federal or state securities or "Blue Sky" law (including investment suitability standards) or (ii) the assignee is not an Accredited Investor within the meaning of Rule 501 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(c) No Transfer by a Limited Partner of its Partnership Units may be made to any Person if (i) in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, the Transfer would result in the Partnership's being treated as an association taxable
as a corporation (other than a qualified REIT subsidiary within the
meaning of Section 856(i) of the Code), (ii) such transfer is
effectuated through an "established securities market" or a "secondary
market" (or the substantial equivalent thereof) within the meaning of
Section 7704 of the Code, (iii) the Transfer would create a risk that
the Company would not be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes or (iv) assuming the Partnership Units subject to the Transfer
were redeemed for REIT Shares, the redemption would create a risk that
the Company would not be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes.
(d) Section 9.5(a) shall not prevent any donative Transfer by an individual Limited Partner to his immediate family members or any trust in which the individual or his immediate family members own, collectively, one hundred percent (100%) of the beneficial interests, provided that the transferor assumes all costs of the Partnership in connection therewith and any such transferee shall not have the rights of a Substitute Limited Partner (unless and until admitted as a Substitute Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 9.5 and Section 9.6 of this Agreement).
(e) Any Transfer in contravention of any of the provisions of this Article IX shall be void and ineffectual and shall not be binding upon, or recognized by, the Partnership.
Section 9.6 ADMISSION OF SUBSTITUTE LIMITED PARTNER.
(a) Subject to the other provisions of this Article IX (including, without limitation, the provisions of Section 9.5(a) regarding consent of the General Partner), an assignee of the Limited Partnership Interest of a Limited Partner (including, without limitation, any purchaser, transferee, donee, or other recipient of any disposition of such Limited Partnership Interest) shall be deemed admitted as a Limited Partner of the Partnership only upon the satisfactory completion of the following:
(i) the assignee has obtained the prior written consent of the General Partner as to its admission as a Substitute Limited Partner, which consent may be given or denied in the exercise of the General Partner's sole and absolute discretion; provided, however, that this Section 9.6(a)(i) shall not apply in the case of assignee resulting from a Transfer by a Limited Partner that was a partner as of the date of this Agreement to any of its partners;
(ii) the assignee shall have accepted and agreed to be bound by the terms and provisions of this Agreement by executing a counterpart or an amendment thereof, including a revised Exhibit A, and such other documents or instruments as the General Partner may require in order to effect the admission of such Person as a Limited Partner;
(iii) to the extent required, an amended certificate of limited partnership evidencing the admission of such Person as a Limited Partner shall have been signed, acknowledged and filed for record in accordance with the Act;
(iv) the assignee shall have delivered a letter containing the representation and warranty set forth in Section 9.12 and the agreement set forth in Section 9.12;
(v) if the assignee is a corporation, partnership or trust, the assignee shall have provided the General Partner with evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Partnership of the assignee's authority to become a Limited Partner under the terms and provisions of this Agreement;
(vi) the assignee shall have executed a power of attorney containing the terms and provisions set forth in Article XII; and
(vii) the assignee shall have paid all reasonable legal fees of the Partnership and the General Partner and all filing and publication costs incurred in connection with its substitution as a Limited Partner.
(b) For the purpose of allocating profits and losses and distributing cash received by the Partnership, a Substitute Limited Partner shall be treated as having become, and appearing in the records of the Partnership as, a Partner upon the filing of the certificate described in Section 9.6(a)(ii) or, if no such filing is required, the later of the date specified in the transfer documents, or the date on which the General Partner has received all necessary instruments of transfer and substitution.
(c) The General Partner shall as promptly as practicable take all action required to effectuate the admission of the Person seeking to become a Substitute Limited Partner, including preparing the documentation required by this Section and making all official filings and publications.
Section 9.7 RIGHTS OF ASSIGNEES OF PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS.
(a) Subject to the provisions of Sections 9.5 and 9.6 hereof,
except as required by operation of law, the Partnership shall not be
obligated for any purposes whatsoever to recognize the assignment by
any Limited Partner of his Partnership Interest until the Partnership
has received notice thereof. If the General Partner, in its sole and
absolute discretion, does not consent (subject to the proviso in
Section 9.6(a)(i)) to the admission of any transferee of any
Partnership Interest as a Substitute Limited Partner in connection with
a Transfer permitted by Section 9.5, such transferee shall be
considered an assignee for the purposes of this Agreement. An assignee
shall be entitled to all the rights of an assignee of a limited
partnership interest under the Act, including the right to receive
distributions attributable to the Partnership Units assigned, but such
assignee shall not be entitled to effect a consent or vote or effect a Redemption Right with respect to such Partnership Units on any matter presented to the Limited Partners for approval (such right to consent or vote or effect a Redemption Right, to the extent provided in this Agreement or under the Act, fully remaining with the transferor Limited Partner).
(b) Any Person who is the assignee of all or any portion of a Limited Partner's Limited Partnership Interest, but does not become a Substitute Limited Partner and desires to make a further assignment of such Limited Partnership Interest, shall be subject to all of the provisions of this Article IX to the same extent and in the same manner as any Limited Partner desiring to make an assignment of its Limited Partnership Interest.
Section 9.8 EFFECT OF BANKRUPTCY, DEATH, INCOMPETENCE OR TERMINATION OF A LIMITED PARTNER. The occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to a Limited Partner, the death of a Limited Partner or a final adjudication that a Limited Partner is incompetent (which term shall include, but not be limited to, insanity) shall not cause the termination or dissolution of the Partnership, and the business of the Partnership shall continue. If an order for relief in a bankruptcy proceeding is entered against an individual Limited Partner, the trustee or receiver of his estate or, if he dies, his executor, administrator or trustee, or, if he is finally adjudicated incompetent, his committee, guardian or conservator, shall have the rights of such Limited Partner for the purpose of settling or managing his estate property and such power as the bankrupt, deceased or incompetent Limited Partner possessed to assign all or any part of his Partnership Interest and to join with the assignee in satisfying conditions precedent to the admission of the assignee as a Substitute Limited Partner.
Section 9.9 JOINT OWNERSHIP OF INTERESTS. A Partnership Interest may be acquired by two (2) individuals as joint tenants with right of survivorship (but not as tenants in common), provided that such individuals either are married or are related and share the same home as tenants in common. The written consent or vote of both owners of any such jointly held Partnership Interest shall be required to constitute the action of the owners of such Partnership Interest; provided, however, that the written consent of only one (1) joint owner will be required if the Partnership has been provided with evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Partnership that the actions of a single joint owner can bind both owners under the applicable laws of the state of residence of such joint owners. Upon the death of one (1) owner of a Partnership Interest held in a joint tenancy with a right of survivorship, the Partnership Interest shall become owned solely by the survivor as a Limited Partner and not as an assignee. The Partnership need not recognize the death of one (1) of the owners of a jointly held Partnership Interest until it shall have received notice of such death. Upon notice to the General Partner from either owner that the tenancy satisfying the first sentence of this Section 9.9 has been destroyed, the General Partner shall cause the Partnership Interest to be divided into two (2) equal Partnership Interests, which shall thereafter be owned separately by each of the former owners.
Section 9.10 TRANSFEREES. Any Partnership Interests owned by the Partners and transferred pursuant to this Article IX shall be and remain subject to all of the provisions of this Agreement.
Section 9.11 ABSOLUTE RESTRICTION. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the sale or exchange of any interest in the Partnership will not be permitted if the interest sought to be sold or exchanged, when added to the total of all other interests sold or exchanged within the period of twelve (12) consecutive months ending with the proposed date of the sale or exchange, would result in the termination of the Partnership under Section 708 of the Code, if such termination would materially and adversely affect the Partnership or any Partner.
Section 9.12 INVESTMENT REPRESENTATION. Each Limited Partner hereby represents and warrants to the General Partner and to the Partnership that the acquisition of his Partnership Interest is made as a principal for his account for investment purposes only and not with a view to the resale or distribution of such Partnership Interest. Each Limited Partner agrees that he will not sell, assign or otherwise transfer his Partnership Interest or any fraction thereof, whether voluntarily or by operation of law or at judicial sale or otherwise, to any Person who does not similarly represent and warrant and similarly agree not to sell, assign or transfer such Partnership Interest or fraction thereof to any Person who does not similarly represent, warrant and agree.
ARTICLE X
TERMINATION OF THE PARTNERSHIP
Section 10.1 TERMINATION. The Partnership shall be dissolved upon (i)
an Event of Bankruptcy as to the General Partner or the dissolution or
withdrawal of the General Partner (unless within ninety (90) days thereafter
Limited Partners holding more than fifty percent (50%) of the Limited
Partnership Interests in the Partnership elect to continue the Partnership and
to elect one or more persons to serve as the General Partner or General Partners
of the Partnership), (ii) ninety (90) days following the sale of all or
substantially all of the Partnership's assets (provided that if the Partnership
receives an installment obligation as consideration for such sale or other
disposition, the Partnership shall continue, unless sooner dissolved under the
provisions of this Agreement, until such time as such obligation is paid in
full), (iii) the expiration of the term specified in Section 3.2, (iv) the
redemption of all Limited Partnership Interests (other than any of such
interests held by the General Partner or Ashford OP Limited Partner, LLC), or
(v) the election by the General Partner (but only in accordance with and as
permitted by applicable law) that the Partnership should be dissolved. Upon
dissolution of the Partnership (unless the business of the Partnership is
continued as set forth above), the General Partner (or its trustee, receiver,
successor or legal representative) shall proceed with the winding up of the
Partnership, and its assets shall be applied and distributed as herein provided.
Section 10.2 PAYMENT OF DEBTS. The assets shall first be applied to the payment of the liabilities of the Partnership (other than any loans or advances that may
have been made by Partners to the Partnership) and the expenses of liquidation. A reasonable time shall be allowed for the orderly liquidation of the assets of the Partnership and the discharge of liabilities to creditors so as to enable the General Partner to minimize any losses resulting from liquidation.
Section 10.3 DEBTS TO PARTNERS. The remaining assets shall next be applied to the repayment of any loans made by any Partner to the Partnership.
Section 10.4 REMAINING DISTRIBUTION. The remaining assets shall then be distributed to the Partners in accordance with their positive Capital Account balances, determined after taking into account all Capital Account adjustments for all prior periods and the Partnership taxable year during which the liquidation occurs.
Section 10.5 RESERVE. Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 10.3 and 10.4, the General Partner may retain such amount as it deems necessary as a reserve for any contingent liabilities or obligations of the Partnership, which reserve, after the passage of a reasonable period of time, shall be distributed pursuant to the provisions of this Article X.
Section 10.6 FINAL ACCOUNTING. Each of the Partners shall be furnished with a statement examined by the Partnership's independent accountants, which shall set forth the assets and liabilities of the Partnership as of the date of the complete liquidation. Upon the compliance by the General Partner with the foregoing distribution plan, the Limited Partners shall cease to be such, and the General Partner, as the sole remaining Partner of the Partnership, shall execute and cause to be filed a Certificate of Cancellation of the Partnership and any and all other documents necessary with respect to termination and cancellation of the Partnership.
ARTICLE XI
AMENDMENTS
Section 11.1 AUTHORITY TO AMEND.
(a) This Agreement may be amended by the General Partner without
the approval of any other Partner if such amendment (i) is solely for
the purpose of clarification or is of an inconsequential nature and
(ii) does not change the substance hereof and the Partnership has
obtained an opinion of counsel to that effect.
(b) This Agreement may be amended by the General Partner without the approval of any other Partner if such amendment is to reflect the admission, substitution or withdrawal of Limited Partners; to reflect the issuance of additional Partnership Interests or to amend the calculation of the Cash Amount and the Conversion Factor pursuant to a transaction described in Section 9.1(c).
(c) This Agreement may be amended by the General Partner without the approval of any other Partner if such amendment is, in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership, necessary or appropriate to satisfy requirements of the Code
with respect to partnerships or REITs or of any federal or state
securities laws or regulations. Any amendment made pursuant to this
Section 11.1(c) may be made effective as of the date of this Agreement.
(d) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of this Agreement, any amendment to this Agreement or other act which would (i) adversely affect the limited liabilities of the Limited Partners, (ii) impose on the Limited Partners any obligation to make additional Capital Contributions to the Partnership, (iii) change the method of allocation of profit and loss as provided in Article V or the distribution provisions of Articles VIII and X hereof, (iv) seek to impose personal liability on the Limited Partners, or (v) affect the operation of the Conversion Factor of the Redemption Right shall require the consent and approval of Limited Partners holding more than sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the Common Percentage Interests of the Limited Partners.
(e) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Section 11.1, amendments to this Agreement shall require the approval of the General Partner and Limited Partners holding more than fifty percent (50%) of the Common Percentage Interests of the Limited Partners.
Section 11.2 NOTICE OF AMENDMENTS. A copy of any amendment to be approved by the Partners pursuant to Sections 11.1(d) or 11.1(e) shall be mailed in advance to such Partners. Partners shall be notified as to the substance of any amendment pursuant to Sections 11.1(a), (b) or (c), and upon request shall be furnished a copy thereof.
ARTICLE XII
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Section 12.1 POWER. Each of the Limited Partners irrevocably constitutes and appoints the General Partner as such Limited Partner's true and lawful attorney in such Limited Partner's name, place and stead to make, execute, swear to, acknowledge, deliver and file:
(a) Any certificates or other instruments which may be required to be filed by the Partnership under the laws of the State of Delaware or of any other state or jurisdiction in which the General Partner shall deem it advisable to file;
(b) Any documents, certificates or other instruments, including, but not limited to, (i) any and all amendments and modifications of this Agreement or of the instruments described in Section 12.1(a) which may be required or deemed desirable by the General Partner to effectuate the provisions of any part of this Agreement, (ii) all instruments relating to the admission, withdrawal, removal or substitution of any Partner, and (iii) by way of extension and not limitation, to do all such other things as shall be necessary to continue and to carry on the business of the Partnership; and
(c) All documents, certificates or other instruments that may be required to effectuate the dissolution and termination of the Partnership, to the extent such dissolution and termination is authorized hereby. The power of attorney granted hereby shall not constitute a waiver of, or be used to avoid, the rights of the Partners to approve certain amendments to this Agreement pursuant to Sections 11.1(d) and 11.1(e) or be used in any other manner inconsistent with the status of the Partnership as a limited partnership or inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement. Each such Limited Partner hereby agrees to be bound by any representation made by the General Partner, acting in good faith pursuant to such power of attorney; and each such Limited Partner hereby waives any and all defenses which may be available to contest, negate or disaffirm the action of the General Partner taken in good faith under such power of attorney.
Section 12.2 SURVIVAL OF POWER. It is expressly intended by each of the Partners that the foregoing power of attorney is coupled with an interest, is irrevocable and shall survive the death, incompetence, dissolution, liquidation or adjudication of insanity or bankruptcy or insolvency of each such Partner. The foregoing power of attorney shall survive the delivery of an assignment by any of the Partners of such Partner's entire interest in the Partnership, except that where an assignee of such entire interest has become a substitute Limited Partner, then the foregoing power of attorney of the assignor Partner shall survive the delivery of such assignment for the sole purpose of enabling the General Partner to execute, acknowledge and file any and all instruments necessary to effectuate such substitution.
ARTICLE XIII
CONSENTS, APPROVALS, VOTING AND MEETINGS
Section 13.1 METHOD OF GIVING CONSENT OR APPROVAL. Any consent or approval required by this Agreement may be given as follows:
(a) by a written consent given by the consenting Partner and received by the General Partner at or prior to the doing of the act or thing for which the consent is solicited, provided that such consent shall not have been nullified by:
(i) Notice to the General Partner of such nullification by the consenting Partner prior to the doing of any act or thing, the doing of which is not subject to approval at a meeting called pursuant to Section 13.2, or
(ii) Notice to the General Partner of such nullification by the consenting Partner prior to the time of any meeting called pursuant to Section 13.2 to consider the doing of such act or thing, or
(iii) The negative vote by such consenting Partner at any meeting called pursuant to Section 13.2 to consider the doing of such act or thing;
(b) by the affirmative vote by the consenting Partner for the doing of the act or thing for which the consent is solicited at any meeting called pursuant to Section 13.2 to consider the doing of such act or thing; or
(c) by the failure of the Partner to respond or object to a request from the General Partner for such Partner's consent within thirty (30) days from its receipt of such request (or such shorter period of time as the General Partner may indicate in such request in order to ensure that the General Partner has sufficient time to respond, if required, to any third party with respect to the subject matter of such request).
Section 13.2 MEETINGS OF LIMITED PARTNERS. Any matter requiring the consent or vote of all or any of the Partners may be considered at a meeting of the Partners held not less than five (5) nor more than sixty (60) days after notice thereof shall have been given by the General Partner to all Partners. Such notice (i) may be given by the General Partner, in its discretion, at any time, or (ii) shall be given by the General Partner within fifteen (15) days after receipt from Limited Partners holding more than fifty percent (50%) of the Common Percentage Interests of the Limited Partners of a request for such meeting.
Section 13.3 OPINION. Except for Consents obtained pursuant to Sections
13.1 or 13.2, no Limited Partner shall exercise any consent or voting rights
unless either (a) at the time of the giving of consent or casting of any vote by
the Partners hereunder, counsel for the Partnership or counsel employed by the
Limited Partners shall have delivered to the Partnership an opinion satisfactory
to the Partners to the effect that such conduct (i) is permitted by the Act,
(ii) will not impair the limited liability of the Limited Partners, and (iii)
will not adversely affect the classification of the Partnership as a partnership
for federal income tax purposes, or (b) irrespective of the delivery or
nondelivery of such opinion of counsel, Limited Partners holding more than
seventy-five percent (75%) of the Common Percentage Interests of the Limited
Partners determine to exercise their consent or voting rights.
Section 13.4 SUBMISSIONS TO PARTNERS. The General Partner shall give the Partners notice of any proposal or other matter required by any provision of this Agreement, or by law, to be submitted for consideration and approval of the Partners. Such notice shall include any information required by the relevant provision or by law.
ARTICLE XIV
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 14.1 GOVERNING LAW. The Partnership and this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.
Section 14.2 AGREEMENT FOR FURTHER EXECUTION. At any time or times upon the request of the General Partner, the Limited Partners hereby agree to sign, swear to, acknowledge and deliver all further documents and certificates required by the laws of Delaware, or any other jurisdiction in which the Partnership does, or proposes to
do, business, or which may be reasonable, necessary, appropriate or desirable to carry out the provisions of this Agreement or the Act. This Section 14.2 shall not prejudice or affect the rights of the Limited Partners to approve certain amendments to this Agreement pursuant to Sections 11.1(d) and 11.1(e).
Section 14.3 ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement and the exhibits attached hereto contain the entire understanding among the parties and supersede any prior understandings or agreements among them respecting the within subject matter. There are no representations, agreements, arrangements or understandings, oral or written, between or among the parties hereto relating to the subject matter of this Agreement which are not fully expressed herein.
Section 14.4 SEVERABILITY. This Agreement is intended to be performed in accordance with, and only to the extent permitted by, all applicable laws, ordinances, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which the Partnership does business. If any provision of this Agreement, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, shall, for any reason and to any extent, be invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby, but rather shall be enforced to the greatest extent permitted by law.
Section 14.5 NOTICES. Notices to Partners or to the Partnership shall be deemed to have been given when personally delivered or mailed, by prepaid registered or certified mail, addressed as set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto, unless a notice of change of address has previously been given in writing by the addressee to the addressor, in which case such notice shall be addressed to the address set forth in such notice of change of address.
Section 14.6 TITLES AND CAPTIONS. All titles and captions are for convenience only, do not form a substantive part of this Agreement, and shall not restrict or enlarge any substantive provisions of this Agreement.
Section 14.7 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each one of which shall constitute an original executed copy of this Agreement.
Section 14.8 PRONOUNS. All pronouns and any variations thereof shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the person or persons may require.
Section 14.9 SURVIVAL OF RIGHTS. Subject to the provisions hereof limiting transfers, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Partners and the Partnership and their respective legal representatives, successors, transferees and assigns.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have hereunto set their hands as of the day and year first above written.
GENERAL PARTNER:
Ashford OP General Partner LLC,
a Delaware limited liability company
LIMITED PARTNERS:
Ashford OP Limited Partner, LLC,
a Delaware limited liability company
The undersigned has executed this Agreement not as a Partner of the Partnership but to agree to the provisions of this Agreement imposing obligations on, granting rights to, the Company.
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
EXHIBIT A
LIST OF PARTNERS AND CONTRIBUTED ASSETS
AS OF____________, 2003
AGREED VALUE COMMON COMMON INITIAL CONTRIBUTED CASH OF CONTRIBUTED PARTNERSHIP PERCENTAGE ASSET CONTRIBUTION ASSET UNITS INTEREST PARTNERS: GENERAL PARTNER: Ashford OP General Partner LLC None None N/A None None LIMITED PARTNERS: Ashford OP Limited Partner LLC Cash $________ 36,797,333 86.6732% Remington Suites Austin, L.P. Embassy Suites Austin None $ 9,637,500 963,750 2.2700% 9505 Stonelake Blvd. Austin, TX Remington Suites Dallas, L.P. Embassy Suites Dallas None $ 6,618,750 661,875 1.5590% 14021 Noel Road Dallas, TX Remington Suites Dulles, L.P. Embassy Suites Dulles None $13,418,750 1,341,875 3.1607% 2339 Centreville Road Herndon, VA Remington Suites Las Vegas, L.P. Embassy Suites Las Vegas None $14,454,170 1,445,417 3.4046% 4315 Swenson Street Las Vegas, NV Chicago Illinois Hotel Limited Radisson Hotel Covington None $ 2,200,000 220,000 .5182% Partnership 668 West Fifth Street Covington, KY Ashford Financial Corporation Asset Management and None $10,250,000 1,025,000 2.4143% Consulting Agreements* |
* There are eight Asset Management and Consulting Agreements, each between Ashford Financial Corporation and a hotel management company. Under these eight agreements, Ashford Financial Corporation provides asset management and consulting services to 27 hotels managed under contract with the eight management companies. Each of the Asset Management and Consulting Agreements is described below:
EXPIRATION DATE OF MANAGER MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT(1) PROPERTY Remington Hospitality, Inc October 26, 2020 Alexandria Sheraton October 11, 2009 Annapolis Historic October 26, 2020 Beverly Hills Ramada June 3, 2011 Coral Gables Holiday Inn October 26, 2020 Ft. Worth Radisson May 31, 2011 Key West -- Crowne Plaza October 26, 2020 Woburn Radisson Remington Indianapolis Employers Corporation October 26, 2020 Indy Airport -- Radisson October 26, 2020 Indy Circle -- Radisson Remington Milford Hotel Employers Corporation April 26, 2008 Hyannis Ramada Remington Suites Hotel Corporation October 25, 2020 Houston Embassy |
(1) These expiration dates represent the initial expiration dates without giving effect to any extensions.
Remington Employers Corporation May 6, 2009 Commack Howard Johnson October 6, 2008 Dallas Best Western March 3, 2008 Falmouth Square Inn March 1, 2009 Gull Wings Suites October 26, 2020 Milford Radisson March 17, 2008 Rockland Radisson May 16, 2009 Saddlebrook Radisson September 1, 2009 St. Petersburg Hilton November 30, 2007 Warner Robins Ramada May 13, 2009 Westbury Howard Johnson May 2, 2009 Woburn Four Points Remington Employers Management Corporation May 31, 2010 West Palm Beach Embassy Suites July 13, 2008 Minnetonka Sheraton October 26, 2020 Nassau Bay Hilton Remington Orlando Management Corporation January 31, 2008 Sheraton Orlando Remington Ventura Employers Corporation December 31, 2008 Ventura Marriott |
EXHIBIT B
FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS
For purposes of interpreting and implementing Article V of the Partnership Agreement, the following rules shall apply and shall be treated as part of the terms of the Partnership Agreement:
A. SPECIAL ALLOCATION PROVISIONS.
1. For purposes of determining the amount of gain or loss to be allocated pursuant to Article V of the Partnership Agreement, any basis adjustments permitted pursuant to Section 743 of the Code shall be disregarded.
2. When Partnership Interests are transferred during any taxable year, the General Partner intends to allocate Partnership income, loss, deductions and credits using the closing of the books method.
3. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Partnership Agreement, to the extent required by law, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to property contributed to the Partnership by a Partner shall be shared among the Partners so as to take into account any variation between the basis of the property and the fair market value of the property at the time of contribution in accordance with the requirements of Section 704(c) of the Code and the applicable regulations thereunder as more fully described in Part B hereof. Treasury regulations under Section 704(c) of the Code allow partnerships to use any reasonable method for accounting for Book-Tax Differences for contributions of property so that a contributing partner receives the tax benefits and burdens of any built-in gain or loss associated with contributed property. The Operating Partnership shall account for Book-Tax Differences using a method specifically approved in the regulations, the traditional method. An allocation of remaining built-in gain under Section 704(c) will be made when Section 704(c) property is sold.
4. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Partnership Agreement, in the event the Partnership is entitled to a deduction for interest imputed under any provision of the Code on any loan or advance from a Partner (whether such interest is currently deducted, capitalized or amortized), such deduction shall be allocated solely to such Partner.
5. Notwithstanding any provision of the Partnership Agreement to the contrary, to the extent any payments in the nature of fees made to a Partner or reimbursements of expenses to any Partner are finally determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be distributions to a Partner for federal income tax purposes, there will be a gross income allocation to such Partner in the amount of such distribution.
6. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of the Partnership Agreement to the contrary and subject to the exceptions set forth in Section 1.704-2(f)(2)-(5) of the Treasury Regulations, if there is a net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain during any Partnership fiscal year, each Partner shall be specially allocated items of Partnership
income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to such Partner's share of the net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain determined in accordance with Section 1.704-2(g)(2) of the Treasury Regulations. Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Partner pursuant thereto. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.704-2(f) of the Treasury Regulations. This paragraph 6(a) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement in such Section of the Treasury Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith. To the extent permitted by such Section of the Treasury Regulations and for purposes of this paragraph 6(a) only, each Partner's Adjusted Capital Account Balance shall be determined prior to any other allocations pursuant to Article V of the Partnership Agreement with respect to such fiscal year and without regard to any net decrease in Partner Minimum Gain during such fiscal year.
(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the Partnership Agreement to the contrary, except paragraph 6(a) of this Exhibit and subject to the exceptions set forth in Section 1.704-2(i)(4) of the Treasury Regulations, if there is a net decrease in Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain during any Partnership fiscal year, each Partner who has a share of the Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain, determined in accordance with Section 1.704-2(i)(3) of the Treasury Regulations, shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to such Partner's share of the net decrease in Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain, determined in accordance with Section 1.704-2(i)(5) of the Treasury Regulations. Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Partner pursuant thereto. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.704-2(i)(4) of the Treasury Regulations. This paragraph 6(b) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement in such Section of the Treasury Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith. Solely for purposes of this paragraph 6(b), each Partner's Adjusted Capital Account Balance shall be determined prior to any other allocations pursuant to Article V of the Partnership Agreement with respect to such fiscal year, other than allocations pursuant to paragraph 6(a) hereof.
7. Notwithstanding any provision of the Partnership Agreement to the contrary, in the event any Partners unexpectedly receive any adjustments, allocations or distributions described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5) or 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6), items of Partnership income and gain shall be specially allocated to such Partners in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate the deficits in their Adjusted Capital Account Balances created by such adjustments, allocations or distributions as quickly as possible.
8. No loss shall be allocated to any Partner to the extent that such allocation would result in a deficit in its Adjusted Capital Account Balance while any other Partner continues to have a positive Adjusted Capital Account Balance; in such event, losses shall first be allocated to any Partners with positive Adjusted Capital Account Balances, and in proportion to such balances, to the extent necessary to reduce their positive
Adjusted Capital Account Balances to zero. Any excess shall be allocated to the General Partner.
9. Any special allocations of items pursuant to this Part A shall be taken into account in computing subsequent allocations so that the net amount of any items so allocated and the profits, losses and all other items allocated to each such Partner pursuant to Article V of the Partnership Agreement shall, to the extent possible, be equal to the net amount that would have been allocated to each such Partner pursuant to the provisions of Article V of the Partnership Agreement if such special allocations had not occurred.
10. Notwithstanding any provision of the Partnership Agreement to the contrary, Nonrecourse Deductions for any fiscal year or other period shall be specially allocated to the Partners in the manner and in accordance with the percentages set forth in Section 5.1 of the Partnership Agreement.
11. Notwithstanding any provision of the Partnership Agreement to the contrary, any Partner Nonrecourse Deduction for any fiscal year or other period shall be specially allocated to the Partner who bears the economic risk of loss with respect to the Partner Nonrecourse Debt to which such Partner Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with Section 1.704-2(i) of the Treasury Regulations.
B. CAPITAL ACCOUNT ADJUSTMENTS AND 704(c) TAX ALLOCATIONS.
1. For purposes of computing the amount of any item of income, gain, deduction or loss to be reflected in the Partners' Capital Accounts, the determination, recognition and classification of any such item shall be the same as its determination, recognition and classification for federal income tax purposes; provided, however, that:
(a) Any income, gain or loss attributable to the taxable disposition of any property shall be determined by the Partnership as if the adjusted basis of such property as of such date of disposition was equal in amount to (i) the Agreed Value in the case of the Initial Contributed Assets or other contributed properties, or (ii) the Carrying Value with respect to property subsequently purchased.
(b) The computation of all items of income, gain, loss and deduction shall be made by the Partnership and, as to those items described in Section 705(a)(1)(B) or Section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code, without regard to the fact that such items are not includable in gross income or are neither currently deductible nor capitalizable for federal income tax purposes.
2. A transferee of a Partnership Interest will succeed to the Capital Account relating to the Partnership Interest transferred.
3. Upon an issuance of additional Partnership Interests, the Capital Accounts of all Partners (and the Agreed Values of all Partnership properties) shall, immediately prior to such issuance, be adjusted (consistent with the provisions hereof) upward or downward to reflect any unrealized gain or unrealized loss attributable to each Partnership property
(as if such unrealized gain or unrealized loss had been recognized upon an actual sale of such property at the fair market value thereof, immediately prior to such issuance, and had been allocated to the Partners, at such time, pursuant to Article V of the Partnership Agreement). In determining such unrealized gain or unrealized loss attributable to the properties, the fair market value of Partnership properties shall be determined by the General Partner using such reasonable methods of valuation as it may adopt.
4. Immediately prior to the distribution of any Partnership property in liquidation of the Partnership, the Capital Accounts of all Partners shall be adjusted (consistent with the provisions hereof and Section 704 of the Code) upward or downward to reflect any unrealized gain or unrealized loss attributable to the Partnership property (as if such unrealized gain or unrealized loss had been recognized upon an actual sale of each such property, immediately prior to such distribution, and had been allocated to the Partners, at such time, pursuant to Article V of the Partnership Agreement). In determining such unrealized gain or unrealized loss attributable to property, the fair market value of Partnership property shall be determined by the General Partner using such reasonable methods of valuation as it may adopt.
5. In accordance with Section 704(c) of the Code and the regulations thereunder, income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to any property shall, solely for tax purposes, and not for Capital Account purposes, be allocated among the Partners so as to take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such property to the Partnership for federal income tax purposes.
6. In the event the Agreed Value of any Partnership asset is adjusted as described in paragraph 3 above, subsequent allocations of income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such asset shall take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such asset for federal income tax purposes and its Agreed Value in the same manner as under Section 704(c) of the Code and the regulations thereunder.
7. Any elections or other decisions relating to such allocations shall be made by the General Partner in any manner that reasonably reflects the purpose and intention of this Agreement.
C. DEFINITIONS. For the purposes of this Exhibit, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
"ADJUSTED CAPITAL ACCOUNT BALANCE": means the balance in the Capital Account of a Partner as of the end of the relevant fiscal year of the Partnership, after giving effect to the following: (i) credit to such Capital Account any amounts the Partner is obligated to restore, pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, or is deemed obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences of Sections 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5) of the Treasury Regulations, and (ii) debit to such capital account the items described in Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6) of the Treasury Regulations.
"AGREED VALUE": means the net fair market value of Contributed Property as agreed to by the Contributing Partner and the Partnership (or other property subsequently adjusted to reflect contributions), using such reasonable method of valuation as they may adopt.
"CARRYING VALUE": means the adjusted basis of such property for federal income tax purposes as of the time of determination.
"NONRECOURSE DEDUCTIONS": shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1.704-2(b)(1) of the Treasury Regulations. The amount of Nonrecourse Deductions for a Partnership fiscal year equals the excess, if any, of the net increase, if any, in the amount of Partnership Minimum Gain during that fiscal year over the aggregate amount of any distributions during that fiscal year of proceeds of a Nonrecourse Liability, that are allocable to an increase in Partnership Minimum Gain, determined according to the provisions of Section 1.704-2(c) of the Treasury Regulations.
"NONRECOURSE LIABILITY": shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1.704-2(b)(3) of the Treasury Regulations.
"PARTNER NONRECOURSE DEBT MINIMUM GAIN": means an amount, with respect to each Partner Nonrecourse Debt, determined in accordance with Section 1.704-2(i) of the Treasury Regulations.
"PARTNER NONRECOURSE DEBT": shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1.704-2(b)(4) of the Treasury Regulations.
"PARTNER NONRECOURSE DEDUCTIONS": shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 1.704-2(i)(2) of the Treasury Regulations. For any Partnership taxable
year, the amount of Partner Nonrecourse Deductions with respect to a Partner
Nonrecourse Debt equal the net increase during the year, if any, in the amount
of Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain reduced (but not below zero) by
proceeds of the liability that are both attributable to the liability and
allocable to an increase in the Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain.
"PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT": shall mean this Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership.
"PARTNERSHIP MINIMUM GAIN": shall have the meaning set forth in Sections 1.704-2(b)(2) and 1.704-2(d) of the Treasury Regulations.
For purposes of this Exhibit, all other capitalized terms will have the same definition as in the Partnership Agreement.
EXHIBIT C
NOTICE OF EXERCISE OF REDEMPTION RIGHT
The undersigned hereby irrevocably (i) presents for redemption _________ Partnership Units (as defined in the Partnership Agreement defined below) in Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, in accordance with the terms of the Agreement of Limited Partnership of Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (the "Partnership Agreement"), and the Redemption Right (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) referred to therein, (ii) surrenders such Partnership Units and all right, title and interest therein, and (iii) directs that the Cash Amount or REIT Shares (both as defined in the Partnership Agreement) deliverable upon exercise of the Redemption Right be delivered to the address specified below, and if REIT Shares are to be delivered, such REIT Shares be registered or placed in the name(s) and at the addresses specified below.
IF REIT Shares are to be issued, issue to:
EXHIBIT 10.2
REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT
THIS REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT, dated as of _________, 2003, is entered into by and between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the "Company"), holders of common partnership units in Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the "Operating Partnership") whose names are set forth on the signature pages hereto (each a "Unit Holder" and collectively, the "Unit Holders") and holders of restricted shares of the Company's common stock whose names are set forth on the signature pages hereto (each a "Restricted Stock Holder" and collectively, the "Restricted Stock Holders").
RECITALS
WHEREAS, in connection with the initial public offering of shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), the Company, the Operating Partnership, the Unit Holders and the Restricted Stock Holders will engage in certain formation transactions (the "Formation Transactions") whereby:
(i) the Unit Holders will contribute to the Operating Partnership their respective interests in certain hotel properties, asset management and consulting agreements and other assets (the "Initial Contributed Assets") in exchange common partnership units ("OP Units") in the Operating Partnership;
(ii) Remington Long Island Hotel, L.P., a Restricted Stock Holder, will convey to the Operating Partnership its interests in a hotel property and other assets (the "Initial Conveyed Assets") in exchange for Common Stock;
(iii) Archie and Montgomery J. Bennett, each a Restricted Stock Holder, will acquire shares of Common Stock in exchange for cash in a privately negotiated transaction; and
(iv) Friedman Billings Ramsey, a Restricted Stock Holder, will acquire shares of Common Stock for services performed in connection with the Initial Public Offering (as defined below);
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Partnership Agreement (as defined below), OP Units owned by the Unit Holders will be redeemable for cash or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock of the Company upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the Partnership Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements herein contained, and for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
SECTION 1.1 DEFINITIONS. In addition to the definitions set forth above, the following terms, as used herein, have the following meanings:
"Affiliate" of any Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with such Person. For the purposes of this definition, "control" when used with respect to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
"Agreement" means this Registration Rights Agreement, as it may be amended, supplemented or restated from time to time.
"Articles of Incorporation" means the Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Maryland on July __, 2003, as the same may be amended, modified or restated from time to time.
"Business Day" means any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in Dallas, Texas are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
"Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
"Demand Registration" means a Demand Registration as defined in Section 2.2.
"Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
"Exchangeable OP Units" means OP Units which may be redeemable for cash or, at the sole and absolute discretion of the Company, exchangeable for Common Stock pursuant to Section 7.4 of the Partnership Agreement (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of such exchange right as a result of the Ownership Limit Provisions).
"Holder" means any Initial Holder who is the record or beneficial owner of any Registrable Security or any assignee or transferee of such Registrable Security (including assignments or transfers of Registrable Securities to such assignees or transferees as a result of the foreclosure on any loans secured by such Registrable Securities) to the extent (x) permitted under the Partnership Agreement and (y) such assignee or transferee agrees in writing to be bound by all the provisions hereof, unless such Registrable Security is acquired in a public distribution pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act or pursuant to transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act where securities sold in such transaction may be resold without subsequent registration under the Securities Act.
"Immediate Family" of any individual means such individual's estate and heirs or current spouse, or former spouse, parents, parents-in-law, children (whether natural or adoptive or by
marriage), siblings and grandchildren and any trust or estate, all of the beneficiaries of which consist of such individual or any of the foregoing.
"Initial Holder" means (i) any Unit Holder, (ii) any Restricted Stock Holder, (iii) any partner, member or stockholder of any Unit Holder or Restricted Stock Holder, (iv) any Affiliate of any such partner, member or stockholder, and (v) the Immediate Family of any of the foregoing.
"Initial Public Offering" means the offering of the Company's Common Stock pursuant to the Form S-11 Registration Statement (No. 333-105277) filed by the Company with the Commission under the Securities Act.
"Ownership Limit Provisions" mean the various provisions of the Company's Charter set forth in ARTICLE VI thereof restricting the ownership of Common Stock by Persons to specified percentages of the outstanding Common Stock.
"Partnership Agreement" means the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership dated as of _________, 2003, as the same may be amended, modified or restated from time to time.
"Person" means an individual or a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, trust, or any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.
"Piggy-Back Registration" means a Piggy-Back Registration as defined in
Section 2.3.
"Registrable Securities" means shares of Common Stock of the Company at any time owned, either of record or beneficially, by any Holder and issued either in connection with the Initial Public Offering or the Formation Transactions or upon exchange of Exchangeable OP Units received in the Formation Transactions and any additional Common Stock issued as a dividend, distribution or exchange for, or in respect of such shares until
(i) a registration statement covering such shares has been declared effective by the Commission and such shares have been disposed of pursuant to such effective registration statement;
(ii) such shares are sold under circumstances in which all of the applicable conditions of Rule 144 (or any similar provisions then in force) under the Securities Act are met or under which such shares may be sold pursuant to Rule 144(k);
(iii) such shares held by such Person may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act and could be sold in one transaction in accordance with the volume limitations contained in Rule 144(e)(1)(i) under the Securities Act; or
(iv) such shares have been otherwise transferred in a transaction that would constitute a sale thereof under the Securities Act, the Company has delivered a new certificate or other evidence of ownership for such shares not
bearing the Securities Act restricted stock legend and such shares may be resold without subsequent registration under the Securities Act;
provided, however, that "Registrable Securities" for purposes of the indemnification obligations contained in Sections 2.7 and 2.8 shall mean all shares that are registered on the applicable Shelf Registration, Demand Registration or Piggy-Back Registration, notwithstanding that such shares may not otherwise be "Registrable Securities" by operation of clause (iii) above.
"Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
"Selling Holder" means a Holder who is selling Registrable Securities pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act.
"Shelf Registration Statement" means a Shelf Registration statement as defined in Section 2.1.
"Underwriter" means a securities dealer who purchases any Registrable Securities as principal and not as part of such dealer's market-making activities.
ARTICLE II
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
SECTION 2.1 SHELF REGISTRATION. Commencing on or after one year after the consummation date of the Initial Public Offering, the Company shall prepare and file a "shelf" registration statement with respect to the resale of the shares of Common Stock issued to the Restricted Stock Holders in connection with the Initial Public Offering or the Formation Transactions and the issuance and the resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exchange of Exchangeable OP Units issued to the Unit Holders in the Formation Transactions and the resale of any other Registrable Securities on an appropriate form for an offering to be made on a continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act (the "Shelf Registration Statement") and shall use its best efforts to cause the Shelf Registration Statement to be declared effective on or as soon as practicable thereafter, and to keep such Shelf Registration Statement continuously effective for a period ending when all shares of Common Stock covered by the Shelf Registration Statement are no longer Registrable Securities. In the event that the Company fails to file, or if filed fails to maintain the effectiveness of, a Shelf Registration Statement, Holders of Registrable Securities may make a written request for a Demand Registration (as defined below) pursuant to Section 2.2 herein or participate in a Piggy Back Registration (as defined below) pursuant to Section 2.3 herein; provided, further, that if and so long as a Shelf Registration Statement is on file and effective, then the Company shall have no obligation to effect a Demand Registration or allow participation in a Piggy Back Registration.
SECTION 2.2 DEMAND REGISTRATION.
(a) Request for Registration. Subject to Section 2.1 hereof, commencing on or after the date which is one year after the consummation date of the Initial Public Offering, Holders of Registrable Securities may make a written request for registration under the Securities Act of all or part of its or their Registrable Securities (a "Demand Registration"); provided, that the
Company shall not be obligated to effect more than one Demand Registration in any twelve month period and not more than two such Demand Registrations in total; and provided, further, that the Holders making such written request number shall propose the sale of at least 100,000 shares of Registrable Securities (such number to be adjusted successively in the event the Company effects any stock split, stock consideration or recapitalization after the date hereof). Any such request will specify the number of shares of Registrable Securities proposed to be sold and will also specify the intended method of disposition thereof. Within ten (10) days after receipt of such request, the Company will give written notice of such registration request to all other Holders of the Registrable Securities and include in such registration all such Registrable Securities with respect to which the Company has received written requests for inclusion therein within twenty (20) Business Days after the receipt by the applicable Holder of the Company's notice. Each such request will also specify the number of shares of Registrable Securities to be registered and the intended method of disposition thereof. Unless the Holder or Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities to be registered in such Demand Registration shall consent in writing, no other party, including the Company (but excluding another Holder of a Registrable Security), shall be permitted to offer securities under any such Demand Registration.
(b) Effective Registration. A registration will not count as a Demand Registration until it has become effective and has remained effective and available for at least 180 days.
(c) Selling Holders Become Party to Agreement. Each Holder acknowledges that by asserting or participating in its registration rights pursuant to this Article II, he or she may become a Selling Holder and thereby will be deemed a party to this Agreement and will be bound by each of its terms.
(d) Priority on Demand Registrations. If the Holders of a majority of
shares of the Registrable Securities to be registered in a Demand Registration
so elect by written notice to the Company, the offering of such Registrable
Securities pursuant to such Demand Registration shall be in the form of an
underwritten offering. The Company shall select the book-running managing
Underwriter in connection with any such Demand Registration; provided that such
managing Underwriter must be reasonably satisfactory to the Holders of a
majority of the shares of the Registrable Securities. The Company may select any
additional investment banks and managers to be used in connection with the
offering; provided that such additional investment bankers and managers must be
reasonably satisfactory to a majority of the Holders making such Demand
Registration. To the extent 10% or more of the Registrable Securities so
requested to be registered are excluded from the offering in accordance with
Section 2.4, the Holders of such Registrable Securities shall have the right to
one additional Demand Registration under this Section in such twelve-month
period with respect to such Registrable Securities.
SECTION 2.3 PIGGY-BACK REGISTRATION. Subject to Section 2.1 hereof, if the Company proposes to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to an underwritten equity offering by the Company for its own account or for the account of any of its respective securityholders of any class of security (other than (i) any registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act relating to an offering of Common Stock for its own account as a result of the exercise of the exchange rights set forth in Section 7.4 of the Partnership Agreement, (ii) any registration statement filed in connection with a demand registration other than a Demand Registration under this Agreement or (iii) a registration statement on Form S-4 or
S-8 (or any substitute form that may be adopted by the Commission) or filed in connection with an exchange offer or offering of securities solely to the Company's existing securityholders), then the Company shall give written notice of such proposed filing to the Holders of Registrable Securities as soon as practicable (but in no event less than ten (10) days before the anticipated filing date), and such notice shall offer such Holders the opportunity to register such number of shares of Registrable Securities as each such Holder may request (a "Piggy-Back Registration"). The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the managing Underwriter or Underwriters of a proposed underwritten offering to permit the Registrable Securities requested to be included in a Piggy-Back Registration to be included on the same terms and conditions as any similar securities of the Company included therein.
SECTION 2.4 REDUCTION OF OFFERING. Notwithstanding anything contained
herein, if the managing Underwriter or Underwriters of an offering described in
Section 2.2 or 2.3 deliver a written opinion to the Company and the Holders of
the Registrable Securities included in such offering that (i) the size of the
offering that the Holders, the Company and such other persons intend to make or
(ii) the kind of securities that the Holders, the Company and/or any other
Persons intend to include in such offering are such that the success of the
offering would be materially and adversely affected by inclusion of the
Registrable Securities requested to be included, then
(A) if the size of the offering is the basis of such Underwriter's opinion, the amount of securities to be offered for the accounts of Holders shall be reduced pro rata (according to the number of Registrable Securities proposed for registration) to the extent necessary to reduce the total amount of securities to be included in such offering to the amount recommended by such managing Underwriter or Underwriters; provided that, in the case of a Piggy-Back Registration, if securities are being offered for the account of other Persons as well as the Company, then with respect to the Registrable Securities intended to be offered by Holders, the proportion by which the amount of such class of securities intended to be offered by Holders is reduced shall not exceed the proportion by which the amount of such class of securities intended to be offered by such other Persons is reduced; and
(B) if the combination of securities to be offered is the basis of such Underwriter's opinion, (x) the Registrable Securities to be included in such offering shall be reduced as described in clause (A) above (subject to the proviso in clause (A)) or (y) if the actions described in clause (x) would, in the judgment of the managing Underwriter, be insufficient to substantially eliminate the adverse effect that inclusion of the Registrable Securities requested to be included would have on such offering, such Registrable Securities will be excluded from such offering.
SECTION 2.5 REGISTRATION PROCEDURES; FILINGS; INFORMATION. In
connection with any Shelf Registration Statement under Section 2.1 or whenever
Holders request that any Registrable Securities be registered pursuant to
Section 2.2 hereof, the Company will use its best efforts to effect the
registration and the sale of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the
intended method of disposition thereof as quickly as practicable, and in
connection with any such request:
(a) The Company will as expeditiously as possible prepare and
file with the Commission a registration statement on any form for which
the Company then qualifies or which counsel for the Company shall deem
appropriate and which form shall be available for the sale of the
Registrable Securities to be registered thereunder in accordance with
the intended method of distribution thereof, and use its best efforts
to cause such filed registration statement to become and remain
effective for a period of not less than 270 days; provided that if the
Company shall furnish to the Holders making a request pursuant to
Section 2.2 a certificate signed by either its Chairman, Chief
Executive Officer or President stating that in his or her good faith
judgment it would be significantly disadvantageous to the Company or
its shareholders for such a registration statement to be filed as
expeditiously as possible, the Company shall have a period of not more
than 180 days within which to file such registration statement measured
from the date of receipt of the request in accordance with Section 2.2.
(b) The Company will, if requested, prior to filing a registration statement or prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, furnish to each Selling Holder and each Underwriter, if any, of the Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement copies of such registration statement as proposed to be filed, and thereafter furnish to such Selling Holder and Underwriter, if any, such number of conformed copies of such registration statement, each amendment and supplement thereto (in each case including all exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein), the prospectus included in such registration statement (including each preliminary prospectus) and such other documents as such Selling Holder or Underwriter may reasonably request to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such Selling Holder.
(c) After the filing of the registration statement, the Company will promptly notify each Selling Holder of Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement of any stop order issued or threatened by the Commission and take all reasonable actions required to prevent the entry of such stop order or to remove it if entered.
(d) The Company will use its best efforts to (i) register or qualify the Registrable Securities under such other securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions in the United States (where an exemption does not apply) as any Selling Holder or managing Underwriter or Underwriters, if any, reasonably (in light of such Selling Holder's intended plan of distribution) requests and (ii) cause such Registrable Securities to be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary by virtue of the business and operations of the Company and do any and all other acts and things that may be reasonably necessary or advisable to enable such Selling Holder to consummate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by
such Selling Holder; provided that the Company will not be required to (A) qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this paragraph (d), (B) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction or (C) consent to general service of process in any such jurisdiction.
(e) The Company will immediately notify each Selling Holder of such Registrable Securities, at any time when a prospectus relating thereto is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, of the occurrence of an event requiring the preparation of a supplement or amendment to such prospectus so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of such Registrable Securities, such prospectus will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and promptly make available to each Selling Holder any such supplement or amendment.
(f) The Company will enter into customary agreements (including an underwriting agreement, if any, in customary form) and take such other actions as are reasonably required to expedite or facilitate the disposition of such Registrable Securities.
(g) The Company will make available for inspection by any Selling Holder of such Registrable Securities, any Underwriter participating in any disposition pursuant to such registration statement and any attorney, accountant or other professional retained by any such Selling Holder or Underwriter (collectively, the "Inspectors"), all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company (collectively, the "Records") as shall be reasonably necessary to enable them to exercise their due diligence responsibility, and cause the Company's officers, directors and employees to supply all information reasonably requested by any Inspectors in connection with such registration statement. Records which the Company determines, in good faith, to be confidential and which it notifies the Inspectors are confidential shall not be disclosed by the Inspectors unless (i) the disclosure of such Records is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in such registration statement or (ii) the release of such Records is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other order from a court of competent jurisdiction. Each Selling Holder of such Registrable Securities agrees that information obtained by it as a result of such inspections shall be deemed confidential and shall not be used by it as the basis for any market transactions in the securities of the Company unless and until such is made generally available to the public. Each Selling Holder of such Registrable Securities further agrees that it will, upon learning that disclosure of such Records is sought in a court of competent jurisdiction, give notice to the Company and allow the Company, at its expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of the Records deemed confidential.
(h) The Company will furnish to each Selling Holder and to each Underwriter, if any, a signed counterpart, addressed to such Selling Holder or Underwriter, of (i) an opinion or opinions of counsel to the Company and (ii) if eligible under SAS 100, a comfort letter or comfort letters from the Company's independent public accountants, each in customary form and covering such matters of the type customarily covered by opinions or comfort letters, as the case may be, as the Holders of a majority of the
Registrable Securities included in such offering or the managing Underwriter or Underwriters therefor reasonably requests.
(i) The Company will otherwise comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the Commission, and make available to its securityholders, as soon as reasonably practicable, an earnings statement covering a period of 12 months, beginning within three months after the effective date of the registration statement, which earnings statement shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of the Commission promulgated thereunder (or any successor rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission).
(j) The Company will use its best efforts to cause all such Registrable Securities to be listed on each securities exchange on which similar securities issued by the Company are then listed.
The Company may require each Selling Holder of Registrable Securities to promptly furnish in writing to the Company such information regarding such Selling Holder, the Registrable Securities held by it and the intended method of distribution of the Registrable Securities as the Company may from time to time reasonably request and such other information as may be legally required in connection with such registration.
Each Selling Holder agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 2.5(e) hereof, such Selling Holder will forthwith discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to the registration statement covering such Registrable Securities until such Selling Holder's receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus contemplated by Section 2.5(e) hereof, and, if so directed by the Company, such Selling Holder will deliver to the Company all copies, other than permanent file copies then in such Selling Holder's possession, of the most recent prospectus covering such Registrable Securities at the time of receipt of such notice. Each Selling Holder of Registrable Securities agrees that it will immediately notify the Company at any time when a prospectus relating to the registration of such Registrable Securities is required to be delivered under the Securities Act of the happening of an event as a result of which information previously furnished by such Selling Holder to the Company in writing expressly for inclusion in such prospectus contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading in light of the circumstances in which they were made. In the event the Company shall give such notice, the Company shall extend the period during which such registration statement shall be maintained effective (including the period referred to in Section 2.5(a) hereof) by the number of days during the period from and including the date of the giving of notice pursuant to Section 2.5(e) hereof to the date when the Company shall make available to the Selling Holders of Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement a prospectus supplemented or amended to conform with the requirements of Section 2.5(e) hereof.
SECTION 2.6 REGISTRATION EXPENSES. In connection with any registration statement required to be filed hereunder, the Company shall pay the following registration expenses incurred in connection with the registration hereunder (the "Registration Expenses"): (i) all registration and filing fees, (ii) fees and expenses of compliance with securities or blue sky laws
(including reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel in connection with blue sky qualifications of the Registrable Securities), (iii) printing expenses, (iv) internal expenses (including, without limitation, all salaries and expenses of its officers and employees performing legal or accounting duties), (v) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Registrable Securities, (vi) reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company and customary fees and expenses for independent certified public accountants retained by the Company (including the expenses of any comfort letters or costs associated with the delivery by independent certified public accountants of a comfort letter or comfort letters requested pursuant to Section 2.5(h) hereof), and (vii) the reasonable fees and expenses of any special experts retained by the Company in connection with such registration. The Company shall have no obligation to pay any underwriting fees, discounts or commissions attributable to the sale of Registrable Securities, or any out-of-pocket expenses of the Holders (or the agents who manage their accounts) or any transfer taxes relating to the registration or sale of the Registrable Securities.
SECTION 2.7 INDEMNIFICATION BY THE COMPANY. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Selling Holder of Registrable Securities, its officers, directors and agents, and each Person, if any, who controls such Selling Holder within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any registration statement or prospectus relating to the Registrable Securities (as amended or supplemented if the Company shall have furnished any amendments or supplements thereto) or any preliminary prospectus, or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities are caused by any such untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission based upon information furnished in writing to the Company by such Selling Holder or on such Selling Holder's behalf expressly for inclusion therein. The Company also agrees to indemnify any Underwriters of the Registrable Securities, their officers and directors and each Person who controls such underwriters within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act on substantially the same basis as that of the indemnification of the Selling Holders provided in this Section 2.7, provided that the foregoing indemnity with respect to any preliminary prospectus shall not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter of the Registrable Securities from whom the person asserting any such losses, claims, damages or liabilities purchased the Registrable Securities which are the subject thereof if such person did not receive a copy of the prospectus (or the prospectus as supplemented) at or prior to the confirmation of the sale of such Registrable Securities to such person in any case where such delivery is required by the Securities Act and the untrue statement or omission of a material fact contained in such preliminary prospectus was corrected in the prospectus (or the prospectus as supplemented). The indemnity provided for in this Section 2.8 shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Selling Holder.
SECTION 2.8 INDEMNIFICATION BY HOLDERS OF REGISTRABLE SECURITIES.
Each Selling Holder agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its officers, directors and agents and each Person, if any, who controls the Company
within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to such Selling Holder, but only with respect to information relating to such Selling Holder furnished in writing by such Selling Holder or on such Selling Holder's behalf expressly for use in any registration statement or prospectus relating to the Registrable Securities, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any preliminary prospectus. In case any action or proceeding shall be brought against the Company or its officers, directors or agents or any such controlling person, in respect of which indemnity may be sought against such Selling Holder, such Selling Holder shall have the rights and duties given to the Company, and the Company or its officers, directors or agents or such controlling person shall have the rights and duties given to such Selling Holder, by Section 2.7. Each Selling Holder also agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Underwriters of the Registrable Securities, their officers and directors and each Person who controls such Underwriters within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act on substantially the same basis as that of the indemnification of the Company provided in this Section 2.8. The liability of any Selling Holder pursuant to this Section 2.8 may, in no event, exceed the net proceeds received by such Selling Holder from sales of Registrable Securities giving rise to the indemnification obligations of such Selling Holder.
SECTION 2.9 CONDUCT OF INDEMNIFICATION PROCEEDINGS. In case any
proceeding (including any governmental investigation) shall be instituted
involving any person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to
Section 2.7 or 2.8, such person (an "Indemnified Party") shall promptly notify
the person against whom such indemnity may be sought (an "Indemnifying Party")
in writing and the Indemnifying Party shall assume the defense thereof,
including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified
Party, and shall assume the payment of all fees and expenses. In any such
proceeding, any Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own
counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of
such Indemnified Party unless (i) the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified
Party shall have mutually agreed to the retention of such counsel or (ii) the
named parties to any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include
both the Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party and representation of both
parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential
differing interests between them. It is understood that the Indemnifying Party
shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same
jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees and expenses of more than one
separate firm of attorneys (in addition to any local counsel) at any time for
all such Indemnified Parties, and that all such fees and expenses shall be
reimbursed as they are incurred. In the case of any such separate firm for the
Indemnified Parties, such firm shall be designated in writing by (i) in the case
of Persons indemnified pursuant to Section 2.7 hereof, the Selling Holders which
owned a majority of the Registrable Securities sold under the applicable
registration statement and (ii) in the case of Persons indemnified pursuant to
Section 2.8, the Company. The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any
settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if
settled with such consent, or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff,
the Indemnifying Party shall indemnify and hold harmless such Indemnified
Parties from and against any loss or liability (to the extent stated above) by
reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence,
if at any time an Indemnified Party shall have requested an Indemnifying Party
to reimburse the Indemnified Party for fees and expenses of counsel as
contemplated by the third sentence of this paragraph, the Indemnifying Party
agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected
without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered
into more than 30 Business Days after receipt by such Indemnifying Party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such Indemnifying Party shall not have reimbursed the Indemnified Party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No Indemnifying Party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability arising out of such proceeding.
SECTION 2.10 CONTRIBUTION. If the indemnification provided for in
Section 2.7 or 2.8 hereof is unavailable to an Indemnified Party or insufficient
in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to herein,
then each such Indemnifying Party, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified
Party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party
as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) as between the
Company and the Selling Holders on the one hand and the Underwriters on the
other, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits
received by the Company and the Selling Holders on the one hand and the
Underwriters on the other from the offering of the securities, or if such
allocation is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is
appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits but also the relative
fault of the Company and the Selling Holders on the one hand and of the
Underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which
resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other
relevant equitable considerations and (ii) between the Company on the one hand
and each Selling Holder on the other, in such proportion as is appropriate to
reflect the relative fault of the Company and of each Selling Holder in
connection with such statements or omissions which resulted in such losses,
claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable
considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling
Holders on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be
in the same proportion as the total proceeds from the offering (net of
underwriting discounts and commissions but before deducting expenses) received
by the Company and the Selling Holders bear to the total underwriting discounts
and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the
table on the cover page of the prospectus. The relative fault of the Company and
the Selling Holders on the one hand and of the Underwriters on the other shall
be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged
untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state
a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company and the Selling
Holders or by the Underwriters. The relative fault of the Company on the one
hand and of each Selling Holder on the other shall be determined by reference
to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a
material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact
relates to information supplied by such party, and the parties' relative intent,
knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such
statement or omission.
The Company and the Selling Holders agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 2.10 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph shall be
deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 2.10, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total commissions and discounts received by such Underwriter in connection with the sale of the securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission, and no Selling Holder shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the net proceeds from the sale of the securities of such Selling Holder to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Selling Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Selling Holder's obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 2.10 are several in proportion to the net proceeds of the offering received by such Selling Holder bears to the total net proceeds of the offering received by all the Selling Holders and not joint.
SECTION 2.11 PARTICIPATION IN UNDERWRITTEN REGISTRATIONS. No Person may participate in any underwritten registration hereunder unless such Person (a) agrees to sell such Person's securities on the basis provided in any underwriting arrangements approved by the Persons entitled hereunder to approve such arrangements and (b) completes and executes all questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements and these registration rights provided for in this Article II.
SECTION 2.12 RULE 144. The Company covenants that it will file any reports required to be filed by it under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and that it will take such further action as any Holder may reasonably request, all to the extent required from time to time to enable Holders to sell Registrable Securities without registration under the Securities Act within the limitation of the exemptions provided by (a) Rule 144 under the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or (b) any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission. Upon the request of any Holder, the Company will deliver to such Holder a written statement as to whether it has complied with such requirements.
SECTION 2.13 HOLDBACK AGREEMENTS.
(a) Restrictions on Public Sale by Holder of Registrable Securities. To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law and except with respect to a Shelf Registration, each Holder whose securities are included in a registration statement agrees not to effect any sale or distribution of the issue being registered or a similar security of the Company, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities, including a sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, during the 14 days prior to, and during the 90-day period beginning on, the effective date of such registration statement (except as part of such registration), if and to the extent requested in writing by the Company in the case of a non-underwritten public offering or if and to the extent requested in writing by the managing Underwriter or Underwriters in the case of an underwritten public offering.
(b) Restrictions on Public Sale by the Company and Others. The Company agrees that any agreement entered into after the date of this Agreement pursuant to which the Company issues or agrees to issue any privately placed securities shall contain a provision under which holders of such securities agree not to effect any sale or distribution of any securities similar to those being registered in accordance with Section 2.2 or Section 2.3 hereof, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities, during the 14 days prior to, and during the 90-day period beginning on, the effective date of any registration statement (except as part of such registration statement where the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities to be included in such registration statement consent or as part of registration statements filed as set forth in Section 2.3(i) or (iii)), if and to the extent requested in writing by the Company in the case of a non-underwritten public offering or if and to the extent requested in writing by the managing Underwriter or Underwriters in the case of an underwritten public offering, in each case including a sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act (except as part of any such registration, if permitted); provided, however, that the provisions of this paragraph (b) shall not prevent the conversion or exchange of any securities pursuant to their terms into or for other securities.
(c) Temporary Suspension of Rights to Sell Based on Confidential Information. If the Company determines in its good faith judgment that the filing of the Shelf Registration Statement under Section 2.1 or a Demand Registration under Section 2.2 hereof or the use of any related prospectus would require the disclosure of material information that the Company has a bona fide business purpose for preserving as confidential or the disclosure of which would impede the Company's ability to consummate a significant transaction, and that the Company is not otherwise required by applicable securities laws or regulations to disclose, upon written notice of such determination by the Company, the rights of the Holders to offer, sell or distribute any Registrable Securities pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement or a Demand Registration or to require the Company to take action with respect to the registration or sale of any Registrable Securities pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement or a Demand Registration shall be suspended until the earlier of (i) the date upon which the Company notifies the Holders in writing that suspension of such rights for the grounds set forth in this Section 2.12(c) is no longer necessary and (ii) 180 days. The Company agrees to give such notice as promptly as practicable following the date that such suspension of rights is no longer necessary. Nothing in this Section 2.12(c) shall prevent a Holder from offering, selling or distributing pursuant to Rule 144 at any time.
(d) Temporary Suspension of Rights to Sell Based on Exchange Act Reports not yet Filed or Regulation S-X. If all reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to the Exchange Act have not been filed by the required date without regard to any extension, or if the consummation of any business combination by the Company has occurred or is probable for purposes of Rule 3-05 or Article 11 of Regulation S-X under the Act, upon written notice thereof by the Company to the Holders, the rights of the Holders to offer, sell or distribute any Registrable Securities pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement or a Demand Registration or to require the Company to take action with respect to the registration or sale of any Registrable Securities pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement or a Demand Registration shall be suspended until the date on which the Company has filed such reports or obtained and filed the financial information required by Rule 3-05 or Article 11 of Regulation S-X to be included or incorporated by reference, as applicable, in the Shelf Registration Statement, and the Company
shall notify the Holders as promptly as practicable when such suspension is no longer required. Nothing in this Section 2.12(d) shall prevent a Holder from offering, selling or distributing pursuant to Rule 144 at any time.
ARTICLE III
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 3.1 NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING. In the event that the
Company shall issue any Common Stock in exchange for OP Units pursuant to
Section 7.4 of the Partnership Agreement, then in any such case the Company
agrees to cause any such shares of Common Stock to be listed on the New York
Stock Exchange prior to or concurrently with the issuance thereof by the
Company.
SECTION 3.2 REMEDIES. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein and granted by law, including recovery of damages, the Holders shall be entitled to specific performance of the rights under this Agreement. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Agreement and hereby agrees to waive the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.
SECTION 3.3 AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS. The provisions of this Agreement, including the provisions of this sentence, may not be amended, modified or supplemented, and waivers or consents to departures from the provisions hereof may not be given, in each case without the written consent of the Company and the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities. No failure or delay by any party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement or condition of this Agreement or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon any breach thereof shall constitute waiver of any such breach or any other covenant, duty, agreement or condition.
SECTION 3.4 NOTICES. All notices and other communications in connection with this Agreement shall be made in writing by hand delivery, registered first-class mail, telex, telecopier, or air courier guaranteeing overnight delivery to the address set forth on the signature page hereto, or to such other address and to such other Persons as any party hereto may hereafter specify in writing.
All such notices and communications shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; when received if deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when answered back, if telexed; when receipt acknowledged, if telecopied; and on the next business day, if timely delivered to an air courier guaranteeing overnight delivery.
SECTION 3.5 SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement the rights and obligations of the Initial Holders under this Agreement shall not be assignable by any Initial Holder to any Person that is not an Initial Holder. This Agreement shall be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.
SECTION 3.6 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed
shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. Each party shall become bound by this Agreement immediately upon affixing its signature hereto.
SECTION 3.7 GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Texas without regard to the choice of law provisions thereof.
SECTION 3.8 SEVERABILITY. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of any such provision in every other respect and of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not be affected or impaired thereby.
SECTION 3.9 ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement is intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement and intended to be a complete and exclusive statement of the agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein. There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to herein with respect to the registration rights granted by the Company with respect to the Registrable Securities. This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements and understandings between the parties with respect to such subject matter.
SECTION 3.10 HEADINGS. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.
SECTION 3.11 NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES. Nothing express or implied herein is intended or shall be construed to confer upon any person or entity, other than the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, any rights, remedies or other benefits under or by reason of this Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.
COMPANY:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
Address:
14180 Dallas Parkway, 9th Floor
Dallas, TX 75254
UNIT HOLDERS:
REMINGTON SUITES AUSTIN, L.P.
By: Remington Suites Austin, Inc.,
its general partner
Address:
14180 Dallas Parkway, 7th Floor
Dallas, TX 75254
REMINGTON SUITES DALLAS, L.P.
By: Remington Suites Dallas, Inc.,
its general partner
Address:
14180 Dallas Parkway, 7th Floor
Dallas, TX 75254
REMINGTON SUITES DULLES, L.P.
By: Remington Suites Dulles, Inc.,
its general partner
Address:
14180 Dallas Parkway, 7th Floor
Dallas, TX 75254
REMINGTON SUITES LAS VEGAS, L.P.
By: Remington Suites Las Vegas, Inc.,
its general partner
Address:
14180 Dallas Parkway, 7th Floor
Dallas, TX 75254
CHICAGO ILLINOIS HOTEL LIMITED
PARTNERSHIP
By: Illinois Hotel II Corp.,
its general partner
Address:
14180 Dallas Parkway, 7th Floor
Dallas, TX 75254
ASHFORD FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Address:
14180 Dallas Parkway, 9th Floor
Dallas, TX 75254
RESTRICTED STOCKHOLDERS:
REMINGTON LONG ISLAND HOTEL, L.P.
By: Remington Long Island Hotel Corp.
its general partner
Address:
14180 Dallas Parkway, 7th Floor
Dallas, TX 75254
FRIEDMAN BILLINGS RAMSEY
Address:
1001 9th Street North
Arlington, VA 22209
Address:
14180 Dallas Parkway, 7th Floor
Dallas, TX 75254
Address:
14180 Dallas Parkway, 7th Floor
Dallas, TX 75254
EXHIBIT 10.3
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
2003 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
___________________, 2003
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
2003 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ARTICLE I INTRODUCTION .............................................. 1 1.1 Purpose .................................................. 1 1.2 Shares Subject to the Plan ............................... 1 1.3 Administration of the Plan ............................... 1 1.4 Amendment and Discontinuance of the Plan ................. 2 1.5 Granting of Awards to Participants ....................... 2 1.6 Term of Plan ............................................. 2 1.7 Leave of Absence ......................................... 2 1.8 Definitions .............................................. 2 ARTICLE II NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTIONS ............................... 7 2.1 Grants ................................................... 7 2.2 Calculation of Exercise Price ............................ 7 2.3 Terms and Conditions of Options .......................... 7 2.4 Amendment ................................................ 9 2.5 Acceleration of Vesting .................................. 9 2.6 Other Provisions ......................................... 9 ARTICLE III INCENTIVE OPTIONS ....................................... 9 3.1 Eligibility .............................................. 10 3.2 Exercise Price ........................................... 10 3.3 Dollar Limitation ........................................ 10 3.4 10% Stockholder .......................................... 10 3.5 Options Not Transferable ................................. 10 3.6 Reload Options ........................................... 10 3.7 Compliance with 422 ...................................... 10 3.8 Limitations on Exercise .................................. 10 ARTICLE IV PURCHASED STOCK .......................................... 10 4.1 Eligible Persons ......................................... 10 4.2 Purchase Price ........................................... 11 4.3 Payment of Purchase Price ................................ 11 ARTICLE V BONUS STOCK ............................................... 11 ARTICLE VI STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS AND PHANTOM STOCK .............. 11 6.1 Stock Appreciation Rights ................................ 11 6.2 Phantom Stock Awards ..................................... 11 |
ARTICLE VII RESTRICTED STOCK ......................................... 12 7.1 Eligible Persons ......................................... 12 7.2 Restricted Period and Vesting ............................ 12 ARTICLE VIII I PERFORMANCE AWARDS .................................... 13 8.1 Performance Awards ....................................... 13 8.2 Performance Goals ........................................ 13 ARTICLE IX OTHER STOCK OR PERFORMANCE BASED AWARDS ................... 15 ARTICLE X CERTAIN PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL AWARDS ................ 15 10.1 General .................................................. 15 10.2 Stand-Alone, Additional, Tandem, and Substitute Awards ... 15 10.3 Term of Awards ........................................... 16 10.4 Form and Timing of Payment under Awards; Deferrals ....... 16 10.5 Vested and Unvested Awards ............................... 16 10.6 Exemptions from Section 16(b) Liability .................. 17 10.7 Other Provisions ......................................... 17 ARTICLE XI WITHHOLDING FOR TAXES ..................................... 17 ARTICLE XII MISCELLANEOUS ............................................ 17 12.1 No Rights to Awards ...................................... 17 12.2 No Right to Employment ................................... 17 12.3 Governing Law ............................................ 18 12.4 Severability ............................................. 18 12.5 Other Laws ............................................... 18 12.6 Shareholder Agreements ................................... 18 |
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
2003 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
ARTICLE I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE. The Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 2003 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Plan") is intended to promote the interests of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, (the "Company") and its stockholders by encouraging Employees, Consultants and Non-Employee Directors of the Company or its Affiliates (as defined below) to acquire or increase their equity interests in the Company, thereby giving them an added incentive to work toward the continued growth and success of the Company. The Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") also contemplates that through the Plan, the Company and its Affiliates will be better able to compete for the services of the individuals needed for the continued growth and success of the Company.
1.2 SHARES SUBJECT TO THE PLAN. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock, $.001 par value per share, of the Company ("Common Stock") that may be issued under the Plan shall not exceed five percent (5%) of the fully diluted shares of outstanding Common Stock as of the forty-fifth (45th) day following the consummation of the initial public offering of Common Stock. No more than 450,000 shares of Common Stock shall be issued to any one Participant in any one calendar year. Notwithstanding the above, however, in the event that at any time after the Effective Date the outstanding shares of Common Stock are changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or other securities of the Company by reason of a merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, stock dividend, combination of shares or the like, the aggregate number and class of securities available under the Plan shall be ratably adjusted by the Committee (as defined below), whose determination shall be final and binding upon the Company and all other interested persons. In the event the number of shares to be delivered upon the exercise or payment of any Award granted under the Plan is reduced for any reason whatsoever or in the event any Award granted under the Plan can no longer under any circumstances be exercised or paid, the number of shares no longer subject to such Award shall thereupon be released from such Award and shall thereafter be available under the Plan for the grant of additional Awards. Shares issued pursuant to the Plan (i) may be treasury shares, authorized but unissued shares or, if applicable, shares acquired in the open market and (ii) shall be fully paid and nonassessable.
1.3 ADMINISTRATION OF THE PLAN. The Plan shall be administered by the Committee. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee shall interpret the Plan and all Awards under the Plan, shall make such rules as it deems necessary for the proper administration of the Plan, shall make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan and shall correct any defect or supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the Plan or in any Award under the Plan in the manner and to the extent that the Committee deems desirable to effectuate the Plan. Any action taken or determination made by the Committee pursuant to this and the other paragraphs of the Plan shall be conclusive on all parties. The act or determination of a majority of the Committee shall be deemed to be the act or determination of the Committee.
1.4 AMENDMENT AND DISCONTINUANCE OF THE PLAN. The Board may amend, suspend or terminate the Plan; provided, however, no amendment, suspension or termination of the Plan may without the consent of the holder of an Award terminate such Award or adversely affect such person's rights with respect to such Award in any material respect; provided further, however, that any amendment which would constitute a "material revision" of the Plan (as that term is used in the rules of the New York Stock Exchange) shall be subject to shareholder approval.
1.5 GRANTING OF AWARDS TO PARTICIPANTS. The Committee shall have the authority to grant, prior to the expiration date of the Plan, Awards to such Employees, Consultants and Non-Employee Directors as may be selected by it on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth in the Plan. In selecting the persons to receive Awards, including the type and size of the Award, the Committee may consider any factors that it may deem relevant.
1.6 TERM OF PLAN. The Plan shall be effective as of August 1, 2003 (the "Effective Date"), subject to approval by the shareholders of the Company. The provisions of the Plan are applicable to all Awards granted on or after the Effective Date. If not sooner terminated under the provisions of Section 1.4, the Plan shall terminate upon, and no further Awards shall be made, after the third anniversary of the Effective Date.
1.7 LEAVE OF ABSENCE. If an employee is on military, sick leave or other bona fide leave of absence, such person shall be considered an "Employee" for purposes of an outstanding Award during the period of such leave provided it does not exceed 90 days, or, if longer, so long as the person's right to reemployment is guaranteed either by statute or by contract. If the period of leave exceeds 90 days, the employment relationship shall be deemed to have terminated on the 91st day of such leave, unless the person's right to reemployment is guaranteed by statute or contract.
1.8 DEFINITIONS. As used in the Plan, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:
"1933 Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
"1934 Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
"Affiliate" means (i) Remington, (ii) any entity in which the Company or Remington, directly or indirectly, owns 10% or more of the combined voting power, as determined by the Committee, (iii) any "parent corporation" of the Company or Remington (as defined in section 424(e) of the Code), (iv) any "subsidiary corporation" of any such parent corporation (as defined in section 424(f) of the Code) of the Company or Remington and (v) any trades or businesses, whether or not incorporated which are members of a controlled group or are under common control (as defined in Sections 414(b) or (c) of the Code) with the Company or Remington.
"Awards" means, collectively, Options, Purchased Stock, Bonus Stock, Stock Appreciation Rights, Phantom Stock, Restricted Stock, Performance Awards, or Other Stock or Performance Based Awards.
"Bonus Stock" is defined in Article V.
"Cause" for termination of any Participant who is a party to an agreement of employment with or services to the Company shall mean termination for "Cause" as such term is defined in such agreement, the relevant portions of which are incorporated herein by reference. If such agreement does not define "Cause" or if a Participant is not a party to such an agreement, "Cause" means (i) the willful commission by a Participant of a criminal or other act that causes or is likely to cause substantial economic damage to the Company or an Affiliate or substantial injury to the business reputation of the Company or Affiliate; (ii) the commission by a Participant of an act of fraud in the performance of such Participant's duties on behalf of the Company or an Affiliate; or (iii) the continuing willful failure of a Participant to perform the duties of such Participant to the Company or an Affiliate (other than such failure resulting from the Participant's incapacity due to physical or mental illness) after written notice thereof (specifying the particulars thereof in reasonable detail) and a reasonable opportunity to be heard and cure such failure are given to the Participant by the Committee. For purposes of the Plan, no act, or failure to act, on the Participant's part shall be considered "willful" unless done or omitted to be done by the Participant not in good faith and without reasonable belief that the Participant's action or omission was in the best interest of the Company or an Affiliate, as the case may be.
"Change of Control" shall be deemed to have occurred upon any of the following events:
(i) any "person" (as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and as modified in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) other than (A) the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (B) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (C) Remington or any Affiliate, (D) a company owned, directly or indirectly, by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company, or (E) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities (a "Person"), becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 30% or more of the shares of voting stock of the Company then outstanding; provided, however, that an initial public offering of Common Stock shall not constitute a Change of Control;
(ii) the consummation of any merger, organization, business combination or consolidation of the Company or one of its subsidiaries with or into any other company, other than a merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation which would result in the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto holding securities which represent immediately after such merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or the surviving company or the parent of such surviving company;
(iii) the consummation of a sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company's assets, other than a sale or disposition if the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto hold securities immediately thereafter which represent more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the acquiror, or parent of the acquiror, of such assets, or the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
(iv) individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the "Incumbent Board") cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election by the Board, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the Board.
"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations thereunder.
"Committee" means the compensation committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan or, if none, the Board; provided however, that with respect to any Award granted to a Covered Employee which is intended to be "performance-based compensation" as described in Section 162(m)(4)(c) of the Code, the Committee shall consist solely of two or more "outside directors" as described in Section 162(m)(4)(c)(i) of the Code.
"Consultant" means any individual, other than a Director or an Employee, who renders consulting or advisory services to the Company or an Affiliate.
"Covered Employee" shall mean the Chief Executive Officer of the Company or the four highest paid officers of the Company other than the Chief Executive Officer as described in Section 162(m)(3) of the Code.
"Disability" means an inability to perform the Participant's material services for the Company for a period of 90 consecutive days or a total of 180 days, during any 365-day period, in either case as a result of incapacity due to mental or physical illness, which is determined to be total and permanent. A determination of Disability shall be made by a physician satisfactory to both the Participant (or his guardian) and the Company, provided that if the Participant (or his guardian and the Company do not agree on a physician, the Participant and the Company shall each select a physician and these two together shall select a third physician, whose determination as to Disability shall be binding on all parties. Eligibility for disability benefits under any policy for long-term disability benefits provided to the Participant by the Company shall conclusively establish the Participant's disability.
"Employee" means any employee of the Company or an Affiliate.
"Employment" includes any period in which a Participant is an Employee or a paid Consultant to the Company or an Affiliate.
"Fair Market Value or FMV Per Share". The Fair Market Value or FMV Per Share of the Common Stock shall be the closing price on the New York Stock Exchange or other national securities exchange or over-the-counter market, if applicable, for the date of the determination, or if no trade of the Common Stock shall have been reported for such date, the closing sales price quoted on such exchange for the most recent trade prior to the determination date. If shares of the Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on any exchange, over-the-counter market or any similar organization as of the determination date, the FMV Per Share shall be determined by the Committee in good faith using any fair and reasonable means selected in its discretion.
"Good Reason" means termination of employment by an Employee, termination of service by a Consultant or resignation from the Board of a Non-Employee Director under any of the following circumstances:
(i) if such Employee, Consultant or Non-Employee Director is a party to an agreement for employment with or services to the Company, which agreement includes a definition of "Good Reason" for termination of employment with or services to the Company, "Good Reason" shall have the same definition for purposes of the Plan as is set forth in such agreement, the relevant portions of which are incorporated herein by reference.
(ii) if such Employee, Consultant or Non-Employee Director is not a party to an agreement with the Company that defines the term "Good Reason," such term shall mean termination of employment or service under any of the following circumstances, if the Company fails to cure such circumstances within thirty (30) days after receipt of written notice from the Participant to the Company setting forth a description of such Good Reason:
(i) the removal from or failure to re-elect the Participant to the office or position in which he or she last served;
(ii) the assignment to the Participant of any duties, responsibilities, or reporting requirements inconsistent with his or her position with the Company, or any material diminishment, on a cumulative basis, of the Participant's overall duties, responsibilities, or status;
(iii) a material reduction by the Company in the Participant's fees, compensation, or benefits; or
(iv) the requirement by the Company that the principal place of business at which the Participant performs his duties be changed to a location more than fifty (50) miles from downtown Dallas, Texas.
"Incentive Option" means any option which satisfies the requirements of Code Section 422 and is granted pursuant to Article III of the Plan.
"Non-Employee Director" means persons who are members of the Board but who are neither Employees nor Consultants of the Company or any Affiliate.
"Non-Qualified Option" shall mean an option not intended to satisfy the requirements of Code Section 422 and which is granted pursuant to Article II of the Plan.
"Option" means an option to acquire Common Stock granted pursuant to the provisions of the Plan, and refers to either an Incentive Stock Option or a Non-Qualified Stock Option, or both, as applicable.
"Option Expiration Date" means the date determined by Committee which shall not be more than ten years after the date of grant of an Option.
"Optionee" means a Participant who has received or will receive an Option.
"Other Stock-Based Award" means an award granted pursuant to Article IX of the Plan that is not otherwise specifically provided for, the value of which is based in whole or in part upon the value of a share of Common Stock.
"Outstanding Company Common Stock" means, as of any date of determination, the then outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company.
"Outstanding Company Voting Securities" means, as of any date of determination, the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities of the Company entitled to vote generally on the election of directors.
"Participant" means any Non-Employee Director, Employee or Consultant granted an Award under the Plan.
"Performance Award" means an Award granted pursuant to Article VIII of the Plan, which, if earned, shall be payable in shares of Common Stock, cash or any combination thereof as determined by the Committee.
"Purchased Stock" means a right to purchase Common Stock granted pursuant to Article IV of the Plan.
"Phantom Shares" means an Award of the right to receive shares of Common Stock issued at the end of a Restricted Period which is granted pursuant to Article VI of the Plan.
"Reload Option" is defined in Section 2.3(f).
"Remington" means Remington Hotel Corporation, a Texas corporation or Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
"Restricted Period" shall mean the period established by the Committee with respect to an Award during which the Award either remains subject to forfeiture or is not exercisable by the Participant.
"Restricted Stock" shall mean any share of Common Stock, prior to the lapse of restrictions thereon, granted under Article VII of the Plan.
"Stock Appreciation Rights" means an Award granted pursuant to Article VI of the Plan.
ARTICLE II
NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTIONS
2.1 GRANTS. The Committee may grant Options to purchase the Common Stock to any Employee, Consultant or Non-Employee Director according to the terms set forth below.
2.2 CALCULATION OF EXERCISE PRICE. The exercise price to be paid for each share of Common Stock deliverable upon exercise of each Option granted under this Article II shall not be less than the FMV Per Share on the date of grant of such Option. The exercise price for each Option granted under Article II shall be subject to adjustment as provided in Section 2.3(d).
2.3 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF OPTIONS. Options shall be in such form as the Committee may from time to time approve, shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and may contain such additional terms and conditions, not inconsistent with this Article II, as the Committee shall deem desirable:
(a) Option Period and Conditions and Limitations on Exercise. No Option shall be exercisable later than the Option Expiration Date. To the extent not prohibited by other provisions of the Plan, each Option shall be exercisable at such time or times as the Committee in its discretion may determine at the time such Option is granted.
(b) Manner of Exercise. In order to exercise an Option, the person or persons entitled to exercise it shall deliver to the Company payment in full for the shares being purchased, together with any required withholding taxes. The payment of the exercise price for each Option shall either be (i) in cash or by check payable and acceptable to the Company, (ii) with the consent of the Committee, by tendering to the Company shares of Common Stock owned by the person for more than six months having an aggregate Fair Market Value as of the date of exercise that is not greater than the full exercise price for the shares with respect to which the Option is being exercised and by paying any remaining amount of the exercise price as provided in (i) above, or (iii) subject to such instructions as the Committee may specify, at the person's written request the Company may deliver certificates for the shares of Common Stock for which the Option is being exercised to a broker for sale on behalf of the person, provided that the person has irrevocably instructed such broker to remit directly to the Company on the person's behalf the full amount of the exercise price from the proceeds of such sale. In the event that the person elects to make payment as allowed under clause (ii) above, the Committee may, upon
confirming that the optionee owns the number of additional shares being tendered, authorize the issuance of a new certificate for the number of shares being acquired pursuant to the exercise of the Option less the number of shares being tendered upon the exercise and return to the person (or not require surrender of) the certificate for the shares being tendered upon the exercise. If the Committee so requires, such person or persons shall also deliver a written representation that all shares being purchased are being acquired for investment and not with a view to, or for resale in connection with, any distribution of such shares.
(c) Options not Transferable. Except as provided below, no Non-qualified Option granted hereunder shall be transferable other than by (i) will or by the laws of descent and distribution or (ii) pursuant to a domestic relations order and, during the lifetime of the Participant to whom any such Option is granted, and it shall be exercisable only by the Participant (or his guardian). Any attempt to transfer, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of, or to subject to execution, attachment or similar process, any Option granted hereunder, or any right thereunder, contrary to the provisions hereof, shall be void and ineffective, shall give no right to the purported transferee, and shall, at the sole discretion of the Committee, result in forfeiture of the Option with respect to the shares involved in such attempt. With respect to a specific Non-qualified Option, the Participant (or his guardian) may transfer, for estate planning purposes, all or part of such Option to one or more immediate family members or related family trusts or partnerships or similar entities.
(d) Adjustment of Options. In the event that at any time after the Effective Date the outstanding shares of Common Stock are changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or other securities of the Company by reason of merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, stock dividend, combination of shares or the like, the Committee shall make an appropriate and equitable adjustment in the number and kind of shares as to which all outstanding Options granted, or portions thereof then unexercised, shall be exercisable, to the end that after such event the shares subject to the Plan and each Participant's proportionate interest shall be maintained as before the occurrence of such event. Such adjustment in an outstanding Option shall be made without change in the total price applicable to the Option or the unexercised portion of the Option (except for any change in the aggregate price resulting from rounding-off of share quantities or prices) and with any necessary corresponding adjustment in exercise price per share. Any such adjustment made by the Committee shall be final and binding upon all Participants, the Company, and all other interested persons.
(e) Listing and Registration of Shares. Each Option shall be subject to the requirement that if at any time the Committee determines, in its discretion, that the listing, registration, or qualification of the shares subject to such Option under any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval of any governmental regulatory body, is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the issue or purchase of shares thereunder, such Option may not be exercised in whole or in part unless such listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval shall have been effected or obtained and the same shall have been free of any conditions not acceptable to the Committee.
(f) Reload Options. A Non-qualified Option may, in the discretion of the Committee, include a reload stock Option right which shall entitle the Participant, upon (i) the exercise of such original Non-qualified Option prior to the Participant's termination of
employment and (ii) payment of the appropriate exercise price in shares of Common Stock that have been owned by such Participant for at least six months prior to the date of exercise, to receive a new Non-qualified Option (the "Reload Option") to purchase, at the FMV Per Share on the date of the exercise of the original Non-qualified Option, the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of whole shares delivered by the Participant in payment of the exercise price of the original Non-qualified Option. Such Reload Option shall be subject to the same terms and conditions, including expiration date, and shall be exercisable at the same time or times as the original Non-qualified Option with respect to which it is granted.
2.4 AMENDMENT. The Committee may, without the consent of the person or persons entitled to exercise any outstanding Option, amend, modify or terminate such Option; provided, however, such amendment, modification or termination shall not, without such person's consent, reduce or diminish the value of such Option determined as if the Option had been exercised, vested, cashed in or otherwise settled on the date of such amendment or termination. The Committee may at any time or from time to time, in its discretion, in the case of any Option which is not then immediately exercisable in full, accelerate the time or times at which such Option may be exercised to any earlier time or times.
2.5 ACCELERATION OF VESTING. Any Option granted hereunder which is not otherwise vested shall vest (unless specifically provided to the contrary by the Committee in the document or instrument evidencing an Option granted hereunder) upon (i) termination of an Employee or Consultant or removal of a Non-Employee Director without Cause or termination by an Employee or Consultant or resignation of a Non-Employee Director with Good Reason; (ii) termination, removal or resignation of an Employee, Consultant or Non-Employee Director for any reason within one (1) year from the effective date of the Change of Control; or death or Disability of the Participant.
2.6 OTHER PROVISIONS.
(a) The person or persons entitled to exercise, or who have exercised, an Option shall not be entitled to any rights as a stockholder of the Company with respect to any shares subject to such Option until he shall have become the holder of record of such shares.
(b) No Option granted hereunder shall be construed as limiting any right which the Company or any Affiliate may have to terminate at any time, with or without cause, the employment of any person to whom such Option has been granted.
(c) Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan or the terms of any Option, the Company shall not be required to issue any shares hereunder if such issuance would, in the judgment of the Committee, constitute a violation of any state or federal law or of the rules or regulations of any governmental regulatory body.
ARTICLE III
INCENTIVE OPTIONS
The terms specified below shall be applicable to all Incentive Options. Except as modified by the provisions of this Article III, all the provisions of Article II shall be applicable to
Incentive Options. Options which are specifically designated as Non-Qualified Options shall NOT be subject to the terms of this Section III.
3.1 ELIGIBILITY. Incentive Options may only be granted to Employees.
3.2 EXERCISE PRICE. The exercise price per Share shall not be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the FMV Per Share on the option grant date.
3.3 DOLLAR LIMITATION. The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the respective date or dates of grant) of shares of Common Stock for which one or more options granted to any Employee under the Plan (or any other option plan of the Corporation or any Parent or Subsidiary) may for the first time become exercisable as Incentive Options during any one (1) calendar year shall not exceed the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000). To the extent the Employee holds two (2) or more such options which become exercisable for the first time in the same calendar year, the foregoing limitation on the exercisability of such options as Incentive Options shall be applied on the basis of the order in which such options are granted.
3.4 10% STOCKHOLDER. If any Employee to whom an Incentive Option is granted is a 10% Stockholder, then the exercise price per share shall not be less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the FMV Per Share on the option grant date and the option term shall not exceed five (5) years measured from the option grant date.
3.5 OPTIONS NOT TRANSFERABLE. No Incentive Option granted hereunder shall be transferable other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution and shall be exercisable during the Optionee's lifetime only by such Optionee.
3.6 RELOAD OPTIONS. No Reload Options shall be granted with respect to any Incentive Options.
3.7 COMPLIANCE WITH 422. All Options that are intended to be Incentive Stock Options shall be designated as such in the Option grant and in all respects shall be issued in compliance with Code Section 422.
3.8 LIMITATIONS ON EXERCISE. No Incentive Option shall be exercisable more than three (3) months after the Optionee ceases to be an Employee for any reason other than death or Disability, or more than one (1) year after the Optionee ceases to be an Employee due to death or Disability.
ARTICLE IV
PURCHASED STOCK
4.1 ELIGIBLE PERSONS. The Committee shall have the authority to sell shares of Common Stock to such Employees, Consultants and Non-Employee Directors of the Company or its Affiliates as may be selected by it, on such terms and conditions as it may establish, subject to the further provisions of this Article IV. Each issuance of Common Stock under this Plan shall be evidenced by an agreement which shall be subject to applicable provisions of this Plan and to such other provisions not inconsistent with this Plan as the Committee may approve for the particular sale transaction.
4.2 PURCHASE PRICE. The price per share of Common Stock to be purchased by a Participant under this Plan shall be determined in the sole discretion of the Committee, and may be less than, but shall not greater than the FMV Per Share at the time of purchase.
4.3 PAYMENT OF PURCHASE PRICE. Payment of the purchase price of Purchased Stock under this Plan shall be made in full in cash.
ARTICLE V
BONUS STOCK
The Committee may, from time to time and subject to the provisions of the Plan, grant shares of Bonus Stock to Employees, Consultants or Non-Employee Directors. Bonus Stock shall be shares of Common Stock that are not subject to a Restricted Period under Article VII.
ARTICLE VI
STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS AND PHANTOM STOCK
6.1 STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS. The Committee is authorized to grant Stock Appreciation Rights to Employees, Consultants or Non-Employee Directors on the following terms and conditions.
(a) Right to Payment. A Stock Appreciation Right shall confer on the Participant to whom it is granted a right to receive, upon exercise thereof, the excess of (A) the FMV Per Share on the date of exercise over (B) the grant price of the Stock Appreciation Right as determined by the Committee.
(b) Rights Related to Options. A Stock Appreciation Right granted in connection with an Option shall entitle a Participant, upon exercise thereof, to surrender that Option or any portion thereof, to the extent unexercised, and to receive payment of an amount computed pursuant to Subsection 5.1(a)(i) hereof. That Option shall then cease to be exercisable to the extent surrendered. A Stock Appreciation Right granted in connection with an Option shall be exercisable only at such time or times and only to the extent that the related Option is exercisable and shall not be transferable (other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution) except to the extent that the related Option is transferable.
(c) Right Without Option. A Stock Appreciation Right granted independent of an Option shall be exercisable as determined by the Committee and set forth in the Award agreement governing the Stock Appreciation Right.
(d) Terms. The Committee shall determine at the date of grant the time or times at which and the circumstances under which a Stock Appreciation Right may be exercised in whole or in part (including based on achievement of performance goals and/or future service requirements), the method of exercise, whether or not a Stock Appreciation Right shall be in tandem or in combination with any other Award, and any other terms and conditions of any Stock Appreciation Right.
6.2 PHANTOM STOCK AWARDS. The Committee is authorized to grant Phantom Stock Awards to Participants, which are rights to receive cash equal to the Fair Market Value of
specified number of shares of Common Stock at the end of a specified deferral period, subject to the following terms and conditions:
(a) Award and Restrictions. Satisfaction of a Phantom Stock Award shall occur upon expiration of the deferral period specified for such Phantom Stock Award by the Committee or, if permitted by the Committee, as elected by the Participant. In addition, Phantom Stock Awards shall be subject to such restrictions (which may include a risk of forfeiture), if any, as the Committee may impose, which restrictions may lapse at the expiration of the deferral period or at earlier specified times (including based on achievement of performance goals and/or future service requirements), separately or in combination, installments or otherwise, as the Committee may determine.
(b) Forfeiture. Except as otherwise determined by the Committee or as may be set forth in any Award, employment or other agreement pertaining to a Phantom Stock Award, upon termination of employment or services during the applicable deferral period or portion thereof to which forfeiture conditions apply, all Phantom Stock Awards that are at that time subject to deferral (other than a deferral at the election of the Participant) shall be forfeited; provided that the Committee may provide, by rule or regulation or in any Award agreement, or may determine in any individual case, that restrictions or forfeiture conditions relating to Phantom Stock Awards shall be waived in whole or in part in the event of terminations resulting from specified causes, and the Committee may in other cases waive in whole or in part the forfeiture of Phantom Stock Awards.
(c) Performance Goals. To the extent the Committee determines that any Award granted pursuant to this Article VI shall constitute performance-based compensation for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code, the grant or settlement of the Award shall, in the Committee's discretion, be subject to the achievement of performance goals determined and applied in a manner consistent with Section 8.2.
ARTICLE VII
RESTRICTED STOCK
7.1 ELIGIBLE PERSONS. All Employees, Consultants and Non-Employee Directors shall be eligible for grants of Restricted Stock.
7.2 RESTRICTED PERIOD AND VESTING.
(a) Unless the Award specifically provides otherwise, Restricted Stock shall be subject to restrictions on transfer by the Participant and repurchase by the Company such that the Participant shall not be permitted to transfer such shares and the Company shall have the right to repurchase or recover such shares for the amount of cash paid therefor, if any, if the Participant shall terminate employment from or services to the Company, provided that such transfer and repurchase restrictions shall lapse with respect to 33.33% of such initial shares on the first anniversary of the date of grant and on each subsequent anniversary of the date of grant that the Participant shall remain continuously as an Employee, Non-Employee Director or Consultant of the Company; subject to section 7.2(b) below.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless the Award specifically
provides otherwise, all Restricted Stock not otherwise vested shall vest upon
(i) termination of an Employee or Consultant or removal of a Non-Employee
Director without Cause; (ii) termination by an Employee or Consultant or
resignation of a Non-Employee Director with Good Reason; (iii) termination,
resignation or removal of an Employee, Consultant or Non-Employee Director for
any reason within one (1) year from the effective date of a Change of Control;
or (iv) death or Disability of the Participant.
(c) Each certificate representing Restricted Stock awarded under the Plan shall be registered in the name of the Participant and, during the Restricted Period, shall be left in deposit with the Company and a stock power endorsed in blank. The grantee of Restricted Stock shall have all the rights of a stockholder with respect to such shares including the right to vote and the right to receive dividends or other distributions paid or made with respect to such shares. Any certificate or certificates representing shares of Restricted Stock shall bear a legend similar to the following:
The shares represented by this certificate have been issued pursuant to the terms of the Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 2003 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended and restated) and may not be sold, pledged, transferred, assigned or otherwise encumbered in any manner except as is set forth in the terms of such award dated __________, 200___.
ARTICLE VIII
PERFORMANCE AWARDS
8.1 PERFORMANCE AWARDS. The Committee may grant Performance Awards based on performance criteria measured over a period of not less than one year and not more than five years. The Committee may use such business criteria and other measures of performance as it may deem appropriate in establishing any performance conditions, and may exercise its discretion to increase the amounts payable under any Award subject to performance conditions except as limited under Section 8.2 in the case of a Performance Award granted to a Covered Employee.
8.2 PERFORMANCE GOALS. The grant and/or settlement of a Performance Award shall be contingent upon terms set forth in this Section 8.2.
(a) General. The performance goals for Performance Awards shall consist of one or more business criteria and a targeted level or levels of performance with respect to each of such criteria, as specified by the Committee. In the case of any Award granted to a Covered Employee, performance goals shall be designed to be objective and shall otherwise meet the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code and regulations thereunder (including Treasury Regulations sec. 1.162-27 and successor regulations thereto), including the requirement that the level or levels of performance targeted by the Committee are such that the achievement of performance goals is "substantially uncertain" at the time of grant. The committee may determine that such Performance Awards shall be granted and/or settled upon achievement of any one performance goal or that two or more of the performance goals must be achieved as a
condition to the grant and/or settlement of such Performance Awards. Performance goals may differ among Performance Awards granted to any one Participant or for Performance Awards granted to different Participants.
(b) Business Criteria. One or more of the following business criteria
for the Company, an a consolidated basis, and/or for specified subsidiaries,
divisions or business or geographical units of the Company (except with respect
to the total stockholder return and earnings per share criteria), shall be used
by the Committee in establishing performance goals for Performance Awards
granted to a Participant: (A) earnings per share; (B) increase in revenues; (C)
increase in cash flow; (D) increase in cash flow return; (E) return on net
assets; (F) return on assets; (G) return on investment; (H) return on capital;
(I) return on equity; (J) economic value added; (K) gross margin; (L) net
income; (M) pretax earnings; (N) pretax earnings before interest, depreciation
and amortization; (O) pretax operating earnings after interest expense and
before incentives, service fees, and extraordinary or special items; (P)
operating income; (Q) total stockholder return; (R) debt reduction; and (S) any
of the above goals determined on the absolute or relative basis or as compared
to the performance of a published or special index deemed applicable by the
Committee including, but not limited to, the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index
or a group of comparable companies.
(c) Performance Period; Timing for Establishing Performance Goals. Achievement of performance goals in respect of Performance Awards shall be measured over a performance period of not less than one year and not more than three years, as specified by the Committee. Performance goals in the case of any Award granted to a Participant shall be established not later than 90 days after the beginning of any performance period applicable to such Performance Awards, or at such other date as may be required or permitted for "performance-based compensation" under Section 162(m) of the Code.
(d) Settlement of Performance Awards; Other Terms. After the end of each performance period, the Committee shall determine the amount, if any, of Performance Awards payable to each Participant based upon achievement of business criteria over a performance period. The Committee may not exercise discretion to increase any such amount payable in respect of a Performance Award designed to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code. The Committee shall specify the circumstances in which such Performance Awards shall be paid or forfeited in the event of termination of employment by the Participant prior to the end of a performance period or settlement of Performance Awards.
(e) Written Determinations. All determinations by the Committee as to the establishment of performance goals, the amount of any Performance Award, and the achievement of performance goals relating to Performance Awards shall be made in writing in the case of any Award granted to a Participant. The Committee may not delegate any responsibility relating to such Performance Awards.
(f) Status of Performance Awards under Section 162(m) of the Code. It is the intent of the Company that Performance Awards granted to persons who are designated by the Committee as likely to be Covered Employees within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code and regulations thereunder (including Treasury Regulations sec. 1.162-27 and successor regulations thereto) shall, if so designated by the Committee, constitute "performance-based
compensation" within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, the terms of this Section 8.2 shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with Section 162(m) of the Code and regulations thereunder. The foregoing notwithstanding, because the Committee cannot determine with certainty whether a given Participant will be a Covered Employee with respect to a fiscal year that has not yet been completed, the term Covered Employee as used herein shall mean only a person designated by the Committee, at the time of grant of a Performance Award, who is likely to be a Covered Employee with respect to that fiscal year. If any provision of the Plan as in effect on the date of adoption or any agreements relating to Performance Awards that are designated as intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code does not comply or is inconsistent with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code or regulations thereunder, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to such requirements.
ARTICLE IX
OTHER STOCK OR PERFORMANCE BASED AWARDS
The Committee is hereby authorized to grant to Employees, Non-Employee Directors and Consultants of the Company or its Affiliates, Other Stock or Performance-Based Awards, which shall consist of a right which (i) is not an Award described in any other Article and (ii) is denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on or related to, shares of Common Stock (including, without limitation, securities convertible into shares of Common Stock) or cash as are deemed by the Committee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Committee shall determine the terms and conditions of any such Other Stock or Performance-Based Award.
ARTICLE X
CERTAIN PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL AWARDS
10.1 GENERAL. Awards may be granted on the terms and conditions set forth herein. In addition, the Committee may impose on any Award or the exercise thereof, such additional terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as the Committee shall determine, including terms requiring forfeiture of Awards in the event of termination of employment by the Participant and terms permitting a Participant to make elections relating to his or her Award. The Committee shall retain full power and discretion to accelerate or waive, at any time, any term or condition of an Award that is not mandatory under the Plan; provided, however, that the Committee shall not have a discretion to accelerate or waive any term or condition of an Award that is intended to qualify as "performance-based compensation" for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code if such discretion would cause the Award not to so qualify. Except in cases in which the Committee is authorized to require other forms of consideration under the Plan, or to the extent other forms of consideration must be paid to satisfy the requirements of the Maryland General Corporation Law, no consideration other than services may be required for the grant of any Award.
10.2 STAND-ALONE, ADDITIONAL, TANDEM, AND SUBSTITUTE AWARDS. Awards granted under the Plan may, in the discretion of the Committee, be granted either alone or in addition to, in tandem with, or in substitution or exchange for, any other Award or any award granted under another plan of the Company, any Affiliate, or any business entity to be acquired by the
Company or an Affiliate, or any other right of a Participant to receive payment from the Company or any Affiliate. Such additional, tandem and substitute or exchange Awards may be granted at any time. If an Award is granted in substitution or exchange for another Award, the Committee shall require the surrender of such other Award in consideration for the grant of the new Award. In addition, Awards may be granted in lieu of cash compensation, including in lieu of cash amounts payable under other plans of the Company or any Affiliate.
10.3 TERM OF AWARDS. The term or Restricted Period of each Award that
is an Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Phantom Stock or Restricted Stock shall
be for such period as may be determined by the Committee; provided that in no
event shall the term of any such Award exceed a period of ten years (or such
shorter terms as may be require in respect of an Incentive Stock Option under
Section 422 of the Code).
10.4 FORM AND TIMING OF PAYMENT UNDER AWARDS; DEFERRALS. Subject to the terms of the Plan and any applicable Award agreement, payments to be made by the Company of a Subsidiary upon the exercise of an Option or other Award or settlement of an Award may be made in a single payment or transfer, in installments, or on a deferred basis. The settlement of any Award may, subject to any limitations set forth in the Award agreement, be accelerated and cash paid in lieu of shares in connection with such settlement, in the discretion of the Committee or upon occurrence of one or more specified events. In the discretion of the Committee, Awards granted pursuant to Article VI or VIII of the Plan may be payable in shares to the extent permitted by the terms of the applicable Award agreement. Installment or deferred payments may be required by the Committee (subject to Section 1.4 of the Plan, including the consent provisions thereof in the case of any deferral of an outstanding Award not provided for in the original Award agreement) or permitted at the election of the Participant on terms and conditions established by the Committee. Payments may include, without limitation, provisions for the payment or crediting of reasonable interest on installment or deferred payments or the grant or crediting of amounts in respect of installment or deferred payments denominated in shares. Any deferral shall only be allowed as is provided in a separate deferred compensation plan adopted by the Company. The Plan shall not constitute any "employee benefit plan" for purposes of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
10.5 VESTED AND UNVESTED AWARDS. After the satisfaction of all of the terms and conditions set by the Committee with respect to an Award of (i) Restricted Stock, a certificate, without the legend set forth in Section 7.2(a), for the number of shares that are no longer subject to such restrictions, terms and conditions shall be delivered to the Employee, (ii) Phantom Stock, to the extent not paid in cash, a certificate for the number of shares equal to the number of shares of Phantom Stock earned, and (iii) Stock Appreciation Rights or Performance Awards, cash and/or a certificate for the number of shares equal in value to the number of Stock Appreciation Rights or amount of Performance Awards vested shall be delivered to the person. Upon termination, resignation or removal of a Participant under circumstances that do not cause such Participant to become fully vested, any remaining unvested Options, shares of Restricted Stock, Phantom Stock, Stock Appreciation Rights or Performance Awards, as the case may be, shall either be forfeited back to the Company or, if appropriate under the terms of the Award, shall continue to be subject to the restrictions, terms and conditions set by the Committee with respect to such Award.
10.6 EXEMPTIONS FROM SECTION 16(b) LIABILITY. It is the intent of the Company that the grant of any Awards to or other transaction by a Participant who is subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act shall be exempt from Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act pursuant to an applicable exemption (except for transactions acknowledged by the Participant in writing to be non-exempt). Accordingly, if any provision of this Plan or any Award agreement does not comply with the requirements of Rule 16b-3 as then applicable to any such transaction, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to the applicable requirements of Rule 16b-3 so that such Participant shall avoid liability under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.
10.7 OTHER PROVISIONS. No grant of any Award shall be construed as limiting any right which the Company or any Affiliate may have to terminate at any time, with or without cause, the employment of any person to whom such Award has been granted.
ARTICLE XI
WITHHOLDING FOR TAXES
Any issuance of Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of an Option or payment of any other Award under the Plan shall not be made until appropriate arrangements satisfactory to the Company have been made for the payment of any tax amounts (federal, state, local or other) that may be required to be withheld or paid by the Company with respect thereto. Such arrangements may, at the discretion of the Committee, include allowing the person to tender to the Company shares of Common Stock owned by the person, or to request the Company to withhold shares of Common Stock being acquired pursuant to the Award, whether through the exercise of an Option or as a distribution pursuant to the Award, which have an aggregate FMV Per Share as of the date of such withholding that is not greater than the sum of all tax amounts to be withheld with respect thereto, together with payment of any remaining portion of such tax amounts in cash or by check payable and acceptable to the Company.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if on the date of an event giving rise to a tax withholding obligation on the part of the Company the person is an officer or individual subject to Rule 16b-3, such person may direct that such tax withholding be effectuated by the Company withholding the necessary number of shares of Common Stock (at the tax rate required by the Code) from such Award payment or exercise.
ARTICLE XII
MISCELLANEOUS
12.1 NO RIGHTS TO AWARDS. No Participant or other person shall have any claim to be granted any Award, there is no obligation for uniformity of treatment of Participants, or holders or beneficiaries of Awards and the terms and conditions of Awards need not be the same with respect to each recipient.
12.2 NO RIGHT TO EMPLOYMENT. The grant of an Award shall not be construed as giving a Participant the right to be retained in the employ of the Company or any Affiliate. Further, the Company or any Affiliate may at any time dismiss a Participant from employment,
free from any liability or any claim under the Plan, unless otherwise expressly provided in the Plan or in any Award Agreement.
12.3 GOVERNING LAW. The validity, construction, and effect of the Plan and any rules and regulations relating to the Plan shall be determined in accordance with applicable federal law and the laws of the State of Maryland, without regard to any principles of conflicts of law.
12.4 SEVERABILITY. If any provision of the Plan or any Award is or becomes or is deemed to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any jurisdiction or as to any Participant or Award, or would disqualify the Plan or any Award under any law deemed applicable by the Committee, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to conform to the applicable laws, or if it cannot be construed or deemed amended without, in the determination of the Committee, materially altering the intent of the Plan or the Award, such provision shall be stricken as to such jurisdiction, Participant or Award and the remainder of the Plan and any such Award shall remain in full force and effect.
12.5 OTHER LAWS. The Committee may refuse to issue or transfer any shares or other consideration under an Award if, acting in its sole discretion, it determines that the issuance of transfer or such shares or such other consideration might violate any applicable law.
12.6 SHAREHOLDER AGREEMENTS. The Committee may condition the grant, exercise or payment of any Award upon such person entering into a stockholders' agreement in such form as approved from time to time by the Board.
EXHIBIT 10.4
NON-COMPETE/SERVICES AGREEMENT
THIS NON-COMPETE/SERVICES AGREEMENT (the "Agreement"), dated as of ___________, 2003, is between ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Maryland and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (hereinafter, the "REIT"), ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a limited partnership organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (the Operating Partnership"), and ARCHIE BENNETT, JR., an individual residing in Dallas, Texas (the "Director").
RECITALS:
A. The REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") desire that the Director serve in the capacities and on the terms and conditions set out below; and
B. The Director desires to accept such service with the Company, on the terms and conditions set forth below.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Director, in consideration of the respective covenants set out below, hereby agree as follows:
1. DIRECTORSHIP.
(a) SERVICE. During the Term (defined below), the Director shall serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the REIT (the "Board"). At the Company's request, the Director shall serve the Company's subsidiaries and affiliates in other offices and capacities in addition to the foregoing. If the Director, during the Term, serves in any one or more of such additional capacities, the Director's fee shall not be increased beyond that provided in Sections 3, 4 or 5 below. Further, if the Director's service in one or more of such additional capacities is terminated, the Director's compensation provided herein shall not be reduced for so long as the Director otherwise remains on the Board of Directors of the Company and subject to the terms of this Agreement.
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES. The Director's principal duties and responsibilities shall be those duties and responsibilities customary for the Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Director will be responsible for and have authority over customary duties and responsibilities of a Chairman of the Board and such other duties reasonably directed by the Board. The Director shall serve in the best interest of the Company and its Shareholders.
(c) EXTENT OF SERVICES. Except for (i) the time reasonably required to perform the Director's duties and responsibilities as Chairman of the Board and an officer of Remington Hotel Corporation ("RHC"), Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P. ("Remington Lodging") and their affiliates (so long as such duties do not materially interfere with the performance of the Director's duties hereunder), and (ii) illnesses, the Director shall devote substantially all of his working time and attention and his best efforts to the performance of his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement. However, the Director may (so long as the following do not materially interfere with the performance of the Director's duties hereunder) (i) make any
passive investments where he is not obligated or required to, and shall not in fact, devote material managerial efforts (provided that the Director may make and continue investments in accordance with the terms of that certain Mutual Exclusivity Agreement, herein so called, among RHC, Remington Lodging and their affiliates (herein collectively called the "Remington Affiliates"), and the Company and its affiliates dated on or about the date hereof), (ii) participate in charitable, academic or community activities or in trade or professional organizations, (iii) hold directorships in charitable or non-profit organizations, (iv) subject to Board approval (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or withdrawn), hold directorships in other companies, except only that the Board shall have the right to limit such services as a director or such participation whenever the Board shall reasonably believe that the time spent on such activities infringes in any material respect upon the time required by the Director for the performance of his duties under this Agreement or is otherwise incompatible with those duties, or (v) hold directorships in private companies owned by the Director (or Montgomery J. Bennett) consistent with the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement. Further it is agreed that to the extent any such activities have been conducted by the Director prior to the Effective Date, the continued reasonable conduct of such activities (or reasonable activities similar in nature and scope thereto) subsequent to the Effective Date shall not, subject to the conditions and limitations of the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement, thereafter be deemed to interfere with the performance of the Director's responsibilities to the Board and to the Company and its Shareholders; provided, that no such activity that violates the non-competition provisions herein shall be permitted.
2. TERM. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock (the "Effective Date") and shall continue for a Term ending on the earlier of the end of the Director's then current term if he is not re-nominated and elected to serve as a director and December 31, 2006 (the "Initial Termination Date") unless it is sooner terminated pursuant to Section 7; provided, however, that if the Director continues to be re-nominated and elected, this Agreement shall be automatically extended for one additional year on the Initial Termination Date and on each subsequent anniversary of the Initial Termination Date, unless the Company or the Director elect not to extend the Term of this Agreement by notifying the other party in writing of such election not less than one hundred eighty (180) days prior to the expiration of the then current Term. For purposes of this Agreement, "Term" shall mean the actual duration of the Director's service hereunder, taking into account any extension pursuant to this Section 2 or early termination of service pursuant to Section 7 or this Section 2.
3. FEE. The Company shall pay the Director a fee which shall be payable
once a month ("Director's Fee"). Commencing as of the Effective Date, the
Director's Fee shall be TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS ($200,000.00) per year,
provided that, at the election of the Board, the Company may pay $25,000 of the
annual Director's Fee in shares of common stock of the REIT. The Board or a
Compensation Committee duly appointed by the Board (the "Compensation
Committee") shall thereafter review the Director's Fee annually to determine
within its sole discretion whether and to what extent the Director's Fee may be
increased (for the purposes of this Agreement, the term "Director's Fee" shall
mean the amount established and adjusted from time to time pursuant to this
Section 3).
4. INITIAL RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD. Effective upon execution of this Agreement, the Company shall grant to the Director, within thirty (30) days after the Effective
Date, a restricted stock award of 0.71% of the fully-diluted shares of the common stock outstanding on the forty-fifth (45th) day after closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock, excluding shares issued to the underwriters as compensation to the underwriters. Such stock shall be subject to restrictions on transfer by the Director and repurchase by the Company such that the Director shall not be permitted to transfer such shares (other than succession by will or by operation of laws of descent and distribution) and the Company shall have the right to repurchase or recover such shares for the amount of cash paid therefor, if any, if the Director shall resign from his service as Chairman of the Board, provided that such transfer and repurchase restrictions shall lapse with respect to 33.33% of such initial shares on the one-year anniversary date of the issuance of the shares and on each subsequent anniversary of the issuance of the shares that the Director shall remain continuously as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company as of such date.
5. INCENTIVE, SAVINGS AND RETIREMENT PLANS. During the Term, to the extent permitted by law, the Director shall be entitled to participate in all other incentive plans, stock and option plans, practices, policies and other programs, and all savings and retirement plans, practices, polices and programs, in each case that may be allowed from time to time by the Company's Compensation Committee; provided, however, that the Director may not participate in any qualified employee pension benefit plan.
6. EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENTS/D&O INSURANCE.
(a) EXPENSES. The Director will be entitled to reimbursement of all reasonable expenses, including, without limitation, business class airfare and other travel expenses for board meetings, committee meetings and corporate business, telephone and facsimile expenses, and expenses for part-time secretarial support incurred by the Director in connection with the business of the Board and the Company, promptly upon the presentation by the Director of appropriate documentation. The Company shall maintain an office at the Company's headquarters for the Director and shall provide administrative support to the Director at such office.
(b) D&O INSURANCE COVERAGE. During and for a period three (3) years after the Term, the Director shall be entitled to director and officer insurance coverage for his acts and omissions while a director of the Company on a basis no less favorable to him than the coverage provided current officers or directors.
7. TERMINATION. The services of the Director and this Agreement (except as otherwise provided herein) shall terminate upon the occurrence of any of the following:
(a) DEATH OR DISABILITY. Immediately upon death or Disability of the Director. As used in this Agreement, "Disability" shall mean an inability to perform the essential functions of his duties, with or without reasonable accommodation, for a period of 90 consecutive days or a total of 180 days, during any 365-day period, in either case as a result of incapacity due to mental or physical illness which is determined to be total and permanent. A determination of Disability shall be made by a physician satisfactory to both the Director and the Company, provided that if the Director (or his guardian) and the Company do not agree on a physician, the Director (or his guardian) and the Company shall each select a physician and these
two together shall select a third physician, whose determination as to Disability shall be binding on all parties. The appointment of one or more individuals to carry out the service of the Director during a period of the Director's inability to perform such service and pending a determination of Disability shall not be considered a breach of this Agreement by the Company.
(b) FOR CAUSE. At the election of the Company, for Cause, immediately upon written notice by the Company to the Director unless the Director fully corrects the circumstances constituting Cause within the cure periods provided below, if applicable. For purposes of this Agreement, "Cause" for termination shall be deemed to exist solely in the event of the following:
(i) The conviction of the Director of, or the entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the Director to, a felony (exclusive of a conviction, plea of guilty or nolo contendere arising solely under a statutory provision imposing criminal liability upon the Director on a PER SE basis due to the services provided under this Agreement by the Director, so long as any act or omission of the Director with respect to such matter was not taken or omitted in contravention of any applicable policy or directive of the Board);
(ii) willful breach of duty of loyalty which is materially detrimental to the Company which is not cured to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board within fifteen (15) days following written warning to the Director from the Board describing the alleged circumstances;
(iii) willful failure to perform or adhere to explicitly stated directives of the Board which continues for fifteen (15) days after written warning to the Director that it will be deemed a basis for a "For Cause" termination;
(iv) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the Director's duties (which is not cured by the Director within thirty (30) days after written warning from the Board);
(v) the Director's willful commission of an act of dishonesty resulting in economic or financial injury to the Company or willful commission of fraud; or
(vi) the Director's chronic absence from Board or committee meetings for reasons other than illness.
For purposes of this Section, no act, or failure to act, on the Director's part will be deemed "willful" unless done, or omitted to be done, by the Director not in good faith and without a reasonable belief that the Director's act, or failure to act, was in the best interest of the Company. Any act, or failure to act, based upon authority given pursuant to a resolution duly adopted by the Board or based upon the advise of counsel for the Company shall be conclusively presumed to be done, or omitted to be done, by the Director in good faith and in the best interests of the Company. The cessation of the services to be provided by the Director shall not be deemed to be for Cause until there shall have been delivered to the Director a copy of a resolution duly adopted by the affirmative vote of not less than 2/3rds of the entire membership of the Board at a meeting of the Board called and held for such purpose (after reasonable notice is provided to the Director and the Director is given an opportunity, together with counsel for the
Director, to be heard before the Board), finding that, in the good faith opinion
of the Board, the Director is guilty of any of the conduct described in this
Section 7(b), and specified in the particulars thereof in detail; provided that
neither the Director nor any family member of the Director shall vote on such
resolution nor shall they be counted in determining the "Entire Membership" of
the Board.
(c) WITHOUT CAUSE OR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Company,
without Cause, and at the election of the Director, without Good Reason, in
either case upon sixty (60) days' prior written notice to the Director or to the
Company, as the case may be. Provided, however, that if the Director gives
notice, without Good Reason, the Company may waive all or a portion of the sixty
(60) days' written notice and accelerate the effective date of the termination.
(d) FOR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Director, for Good Reason, which is not cured by the Company within thirty (30) days after written notice from the Director to the Company setting forth a description of the circumstances constituting Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, "Good Reason" shall mean any of the following actions, omissions or events occurring without the Director's prior written consent:
(i) The assignment to the Director of any duties, responsibilities, or reporting requirements inconsistent with his service as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, or any material diminishment, on a cumulative basis, of the Director's overall duties, responsibilities, or status;
(ii) a reduction by the Company in the annual Director's Fee;
(iii) the failure by the Company to honor the minimum Incentive Bonus or to honor the initial restricted stock award referenced in Sections 4 and 5 hereof, unless equitable alternative compensation arrangements (embodied in ongoing substitute or alternative plans) have been provided for the Director;
(iv) any material breach by the Company of any provision of this Agreement; or
(v) Montgomery J. Bennett is removed without Cause in his capacity as President, Chief Executive Officer and director on the Board, as the term "Cause" is defined in that certain Employment Agreement (the "MJB Employment Agreement") dated on or about the Effective Date, the Company fails to renew the MJB Employment Agreement, or Montgomery J. Bennett leaves for "Good Reason" as defined in the MJB Employment Agreement.
(e) NOTICE OF TERMINATION. Any termination by the Company for Cause, or by the Director for Good Reason, shall be communicated by Notice of Termination to the other parties hereto given in accordance with Section 17(a) of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Notice of Termination" means a written notice which (i) indicates the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon, (ii) to the extent applicable, sets forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of the Director's services under the provision so indicated, and (iii) if the Date of Termination (as
defined below) is other than the date of receipt of such notice, specifies the
termination date (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty
(30) days after the giving of the notice). The failure by the Director or the
Company to set forth in the Notice of Termination any fact or circumstance which
contributes to a showing of Good Reason or Cause shall not waive any right of
the Director of the Company, respectively, hereunder or preclude the Director or
the Company, respectively, from asserting such fact or circumstance in enforcing
the Director's or the Company's rights hereunder.
(f) DATE OF TERMINATION. "Date of Termination" means (i) if the Director's services are terminated by the Company for Cause, or by the Director for Good Reason, the date of receipt of the Notice of Termination or any later date specified in the notice (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the giving of the notice), as the case may be, (ii) if the Director's services are terminated by the Company other than for Cause or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Company notifies the Director of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, (iii) if the Director's services are terminated by the Director without Good Reason, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Director notifies the Company of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, unless otherwise agreed by the Company and the Director, and (iv) if the Director's services are terminated by reason of death or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date of death or Disability of the Director, as the case may be.
8. EFFECTS OF TERMINATION.
(a) TERMINATION FOR DEATH OR DISABILITY FOR DEATH/DISABILITY; BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE AFTER INITIAL TERM; OR NON-RENEWAL BY THE COMPANY. If the services of the Director should terminate by reason of (i) death of the Director or Disability, (ii) termination by the Company for any reason (other than Cause) after the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date or the failure of the Company to re-nominate and elect the Director to serve as Chairman of the Board after such initial Term, or (iii) the Company's failure to renew this Agreement at the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date or any time thereafter, then all compensation and benefits for the Director shall be as follows:
(i) The Director shall be paid, in a single lump sum payment within thirty (30) days after the Date of Termination, the aggregate amount of (A) the Director's earned but unpaid Director's Fee through the Date of Termination, and reimbursement of all expenses through the Date of Termination as required pursuant to Section 6(a) hereof (the "Accrued Obligations"), and (B) one (the "Severance Multiple") times the Director's Fee in effect on the Date of Termination (the "Severance Payment").
(ii) The Director's restricted shares awarded under Section 4 hereof shall immediately vest, and any annual performance shares or options awarded under Section 5 hereof shall immediately vest. Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the Director's services are terminated pursuant to this Section 8(a), all outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to the Director under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(b) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE DURING INITIAL TERM OR BY THE EXECUTIVE WITH GOOD REASON. In the event that the Director's services are terminated for any reason other than Cause before the Initial Termination Date, including failure to re-nominate and elect the Director to serve as Chairman of the Board before the Initial Termination Date, or by the Director with Good Reason, the Company will pay the Director the same Accrued Obligations and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i) and (ii) above at the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the Director shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple shall be two (2). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the Director's services are terminated pursuant to this Section 8(b), all outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to the Director under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) TERMINATION BY EXECUTIVE WITHOUT GOOD REASON. If the Director's services are terminated by the Director without Good Reason including a resignation by the Director without Good Reason and including an election not to renew this Agreement by the Director, the Company will pay the Director the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Director shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i) and (ii) hereof. In addition, in consideration for the Director's agreement for honoring the non-compete and non-solicitation covenants in Section 11 hereof for a period of one (1) year following the Date of Termination resulting from this Section 8(c), the Company shall pay the Director a non-compete payment (the "Non-Compete Payment") equal to the Severance Payment determined with a Severance Multiple equal to one (1). The Non-Compete Payment shall be paid monthly over the one-year non-compete period in equal monthly installments of one-twelfth (1/12th) of the Non-Compete Payment.
(d) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY FOR CAUSE. If the Director's service is terminated by the Company for Cause, the Company will pay the Director the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Director shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i) and (ii) hereof.
(e) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY. Immediately upon the Date of Termination or upon the expiration of this Agreement, notwithstanding anything else to the contrary contained herein or otherwise, the Director will resign (and shall be deemed to have resigned) his directorship and stop serving as Chairman of the Board, and shall be without any of the authority or responsibility for such position.
(f) RELEASE OF CLAIMS. As conditions of Director's entitlement to the Severance Payment, Non-Compete Payment and benefits provided by this Agreement, the Director shall be required to execute and honor the terms of a waiver and release of claims against the Company substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit "A" (as may be modified consistent with the purposes of such waiver and release to reflect changes in law following the date hereof).
9. CHANGE OF CONTROL.
(a) CHANGE OF CONTROL. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Change of Control" will be deemed to have taken place upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
(i) Any "person" (as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and as modified in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) other than (A) the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (B) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (C) any Remington Affiliate, (D) a company owned, directly or indirectly, by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company, or (E) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities, becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 30% or more of the shares of voting stock of the Company then outstanding;
(ii) the consummation of any merger, organization, business combination or consolidation of the Company or one of its subsidiaries with or into any other company, other than a merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation which would result in the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto holding securities which represent immediately after such merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or the surviving company or the parent of such surviving company;
(iii) the consummation of the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company's assets, other than a sale or disposition if the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto hold securities immediately thereafter which represent more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the acquiror, or parent of the acquiror, of such assets; or the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
(iv) individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the "Incumbent Board") cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election to the Board was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the Board.
(b) CERTAIN BENEFITS UPON A CHANGE OF CONTROL. If a Change in Control occurs during the Term and the Director's service is terminated (i) by the Company without Cause or by the Director for any reason on or before the one (1) year anniversary of the effective date of the Change in Control, then the Director shall be entitled to the Accrued Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus, such employee welfare benefits as may be provided in this Agreement and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) above at
the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the Director shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple shall be two (2). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the Director's service is terminated pursuant to this Section 9(b), all outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to the Director under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) EXCISE TAX.
(i) In the event that any payment or benefit received or to be
received by the Director in connection with a Change of Control or the
termination of the Director's service (whether pursuant to the terms of
this Agreement or any other plan, arrangement or agreement with the
Company, any person whose actions result in a Change of Control or any
person affiliated with the Company or such person) (all such payments
and benefits being hereinafter called "Total Payments") will be subject
(in whole or part) to the excise tax (the "Excise Tax") imposed under
Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
"Code"), then, subject to the provisions of Section 9(c)(ii) hereof,
the Company will pay to the Director an additional amount (the
"Gross-Up Payment") such that the net amount retained by the Director,
after deduction of any Excise Tax on the Total Payments and any
federal, state and local income tax and Excise Tax upon the payment
provided for by this Section 9(c)(i), will be equal to the Total
Payments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up
Payment, the Director will be deemed to pay federal income taxes at the
highest marginal rate of federal income taxation in the calendar year
in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made and state and local income
taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation in the state and
locality of the Director's residence on such date, net of the maximum
reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from
deduction of such state and local taxes.
(ii) In the event that, after giving effect to any redeterminations described in Section 9(c)(iv) hereof, a reduction in the Total Payments to the largest amount that would result in no portion of the Total Payments being subject to the Excise Tax (after taking into account any reduction in the Total Payments provided by reason of Section 280G of the Code in such other plan, arrangement or agreement) would produce a net amount (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax on such reduced Total Payments) that would be greater than the net amount of unreduced Total Payments (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax and the amount of Excise Tax to which the Director would be subject in respect of such Total Payments), then Section 9(c)(i) hereof will not apply and the Total Payments will be so reduced.
(iii) The determination of whether any of the Total Payments will be subject to the Excise Tax and the amount of such Excise Tax will be made by the Company's independent auditors. The Company will provide the Director with its calculation of the amounts referred to in this Section 9(c) and such supporting materials as are reasonably necessary for the Director to evaluate the Company's calculations. If the Director
disputes the Company's calculations (in whole or in part), the reasonable opinion of the Company's independent auditors with respect to the matter in dispute will prevail.
(iv) In the event that (A) the Excise Tax is subsequently
determined to be less than the amount taken into account hereunder at
the time of payment of the Total Payments and (B) after giving effect
to such redetermination, the Total Payments are reduced pursuant to
Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Director will repay to the Company, at the
time that the amount of such reduction in Excise Tax is finally
determined, the portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to such
reduction (plus that portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to
the Excise Tax and federal, state and local income tax imposed on the
Gross-Up Payment being repaid by the Director to the extent that such
repayment results in a reduction in the Excise Tax and/or a federal,
state or local income tax deduction) plus interest on the amount of
such repayment at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the
Code. In the event that (X) the Excise Tax is determined to exceed the
amount taken into account hereunder at the time of the termination of
the Director's service (including by reason of any payment the
existence or amount of which cannot be determined at the time of the
Gross-Up Payment) and (Y) after giving effect to such redetermination,
the Total Payments are not reduced pursuant to Section 9(c)(ii) hereof,
the Company will make an additional Gross-Up Payment in respect of such
excess and in respect of any portion of the Excise Tax with respect to
which the Company had not previously made a Gross-Up Payment (plus any
interest, penalties or additions payable by the Director with respect
to such excess and such portion) at the time that the amount of such
excess is finally determined.
(v) The Director shall notify the Company in writing of any
claim that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of
a Gross-Up Payment or might entitle the Company to the refund of all or
part of any previous Gross-Up Payment. Such notification shall be given
as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) business days after
the Director is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the
Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is
required to be paid. The Director shall not pay such claim prior to the
expiration of the thirty (30) day period following the date on which he
gives such notice to the Company. If the Company notifies the Director
in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to
contest such claim, the Director shall: (i) give the Company any
information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim;
(ii) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the
Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time,
including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with
respect to such claim by an attorney jointly selected by the Director
and the Company; (iii) cooperate with the Company in good faith in
order to effectively contest such claim; and (iv) permit the Company to
participate in any proceedings relating to such claim. The Company
shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including legal
fees and additional interest and penalties) incurred in connection with
such contest and shall indemnify and hold the Director harmless, on an
after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest
and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such
representation and payment of costs and expenses.
(vi) Without limitation on the foregoing, the Company shall control all audits and proceedings taken in connection with any claim, audit or proceeding involving Excise Taxes or Gross-Up Payments and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of any such claim, audit or proceeding and may, at its sole option, either direct the Director to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the tax in any permissible manner, and the Director agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the Company directs the Director to pay such tax and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Director, on an interest-free basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance. The Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which such a Gross-Up Payment would be payable or refundable hereunder and the Director shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue.
10. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. The Director recognizes and acknowledges that the Director has and will have access to confidential and proprietary information of the Company which constitute valuable, special, and unique assets of the Company. The term "Confidential Information" as used in this Agreement shall mean all information which is known only to the Director, the Company, the Remington Affiliates with respect to a Remington Transaction (as defined in the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement), other employees of the Company, or others in a confidential relationship with the Company, and relating to the Company's business (including, without limitation, information regarding clients, customers, pricing policies, methods of operation, proprietary company programs, sales, acquisitions, products, profits, costs, conditions (financial or other), cash flows, key personnel, formulae, product applications, technical processes, and trade secrets, as such information may exist from time to time, which the Director acquired or obtained by virtue of work performed for the Company, or which the Director may acquire or may have acquired knowledge of during the performance of said work.
The Director acknowledges that the Company has put in place certain policies and practices to keep such Confidential Information secret, including disclosing the information only on a need-to-know basis. The Director further acknowledges that the Confidential Information has been developed or acquired by the Company through the expenditure of substantial time, effort, and money and provides the Company with an advantage over competitors who do not know such Confidential Information. Finally, the Director acknowledges that such Confidential Information, if revealed to or used for the benefit of the Company's competitors or in a manner contrary to the Company's interests, would cause extensive and immeasurable harm to the Company and to the Company's competitive position.
The Director shall not, during the Term or at any time after this Agreement ends, for a period of two (2) years thereafter, use for personal gain or detrimentally to the Company all or part of the Confidential Information, or disclose or make available all or any part of the Confidential Information to any person, firm, corporation, association, or any other entity for any
reason or purpose whatsoever, directly or indirectly, except as may be required for the benefit of the Company pursuant to his service hereunder, unless and until such Confidential Information becomes publicly available other than as a consequence of the breach by the Director of his confidentiality obligations hereunder.
The Director acknowledges that the Confidential Information shall remain at all times the exclusive property of the Company, and no license is granted. In the event of the termination of his service, whether Without or For Cause or Good Reason whether by the Company or the Director, or within seven (7) business days of the Company's request under any other circumstances, the Director shall deliver to the Company all Confidential Information, in any form whatsoever, including electronic formats, and shall not take with him any Confidential Information or any reproductions (in whole or in part) or extracts of any items relating to the Confidential Information. The Company acknowledges that prior to his service with the Company, the Director has lawfully acquired extensive knowledge of the industries in which the Company engages in business including, without limitation, markets, valuation methods, and techniques, capital markets, investor relationships and similar items, and that the provisions of this Section 10 are not intended to restrict the Director's use of such previously acquired knowledge.
In the event that the Director receives a request or is required (by deposition, interrogatory, request for documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar process) to disclose all or any part of the Confidential Information, the Director agrees to (a) promptly notify the Company of the existence, terms and circumstances surrounding such request or requirement, (b) consult with the Company on the advisability of taking legally available steps to resist or narrow such request or requirement and (c) assist the Company in seeking a protective order or other appropriate remedy; provided, however, that the Director shall not be required to take any action in violation of applicable laws. In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained or that the Company waives compliance with the provisions hereof, the Director shall not be liable for such disclosure unless disclosure to any such tribunal was caused by or resulted from a previous disclosure by the Director not permitted by this Agreement.
11. NON-COMPETITION AND NONSOLICITATION. During the Term and any Non-Compete Period (hereinafter defined), the Director will not, directly or indirectly, either as a principal, agent, employee, employer, stockholder, partner, or director of another company: (i) engage in any "Competitive Business"; or (ii) employ or solicit the employment of, or assist others in employing or soliciting the employment of, any individual employed by the Company at any time while the Director was also so serving on the Board or as Chairman of the Board; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the foregoing shall not prohibit or limit the Director's right to (i) pursue investments, transactions or businesses allowed pursuant to the terms of the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement, (ii) continue the Director's ownership, investment, management and operation of the Remington Affiliates consistent with the terms of the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement, (iii) continue the Director's ownership, investment, management and operation of all existing investments of the Director and the Remington Affiliates as of the Effective Date consistent with the terms of the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement, and (iv) remain an officer and/or director of all Remington Affiliates consistent with the terms of the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement.
For purposes of this Section 11, "Competitive Business" means acquiring, investing in or with respect to, owning, leasing, managing or developing hotel properties in the United States or originating or acquiring loans in respect of hotel properties in the United States where the Executive has duties or performs services that are the same or similar to those services actually performed by the Executive for the Company.
For purposes of this Section 11, the "Non-Compete Period" shall mean:
(i) In the case of a termination of the Director's service as a result of Disability, or a termination by the Director without Good Reason (including, without limitation, a resignation by the Director without Good Reason or an election not to renew by the Director), a period during the Term and ending one (1) year after the Date of Termination;
(ii) in the case of a termination of the Director's services as a result of a termination by the Company for Cause, a period during the Term and ending one (1) year after the Date of Termination;
(iii) in the case of a termination of the Director's services as a result of (i) a Change in Control, (ii) a termination by the Director for Good Reason, or (iii) a termination by the Company for any reason other than Cause, only during the Term; or
(iv) notwithstanding the foregoing, in all cases the Non-Compete Period shall terminate effective on the termination of the REIT Exclusivity Rights (as defined in the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement) by Remington Lodging as a result of a Remington Termination Event (and provided further that upon such termination of the Non-Compete Period, the outstanding Non-Compete Payment shall be paid by the Company within five (5) days of such termination to the Director).
The Director acknowledges that the services provided by the Director are of a special, unique, and extraordinary nature. The Director further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company will enhance his value to a Competitive Business, and that the nature of the Confidential Information to which the Director has immediate access and will continue to have access during the course of his employment makes it difficult, if not impossible, for him to engage in any Competitive Business or work in any capacity similar to the Director's duties or services with the Company without disclosing or utilizing the Confidential Information. The Director further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company places him in a position of trust with the Company.
The Director agrees that restraints imposed upon him pursuant to this
Section are necessary for the reasonable and proper protection of the Company
and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and that each and every one of the
restraints is reasonable in respect to subject matter, length of time and
geographic area. The parties further agree that, in the event that any provision
of this Section shall be determined by any court of competent jurisdiction to be
unenforceable by reason of its being extended over too great a time, too large a
geographic area or too great a
range of activities, such provision shall be deemed to be modified to permit its enforcement to the maximum extent permitted by law.
12. NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent or limit the Director's continuing or future participation in any plan, program, policy or practice provided by the Company and for which the Director may qualify, and on the terms under which he qualifies nor shall anything herein limit or otherwise affect such rights as the Director may have under any contract or agreement with the Company. Amounts which are vested benefits or which the Director is otherwise entitled to receive under any plan, policy, practice or program of or any contract agreement with the Company at or subsequent to the Date of Termination shall be payable in accordance with such plan, policy, practice or program or contract or agreement except as explicitly modified by this Agreement.
13. FULL SETTLEMENT. The Company's obligation to make the payments provided for in this Agreement and otherwise to perform its obligations hereunder shall not be affected by any set-off, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other claim, right or action which the Company may have against the Director or others. In no event shall the Director be obligated to take any action by way of mitigation of the amounts payable to the Director under any of the provisions of this Agreement and except as expressly provided, such amounts shall not be reduced. The Company agrees to pay as incurred (within 30 days following the Company's receipt of an invoice from the Director), to the full extent permitted by law, all reasonable legal fees and expenses which the Director or his beneficiaries may reasonably incur as a result of any contest (regardless of the outcome thereof) by the Company, the Director or others of the validity or enforceability of, or liability under, any provision of this Agreement or any guarantee of performance thereof (including as a result of any contest by the Director or his beneficiaries about the amount of any payment pursuant to this Agreement), plus in each case interest on any delayed payment at the applicable Federal rate provided for in Section 7872(f)(2)(a) of the Code. The preceding sentence shall not apply with respect to any such contest if the court having jurisdiction over such contest determines that the Director's claim in such contest is frivolous or maintained in bad faith.
14. DISPUTES.
(a) EQUITABLE RELIEF. The Director acknowledges and agrees that upon any breach by the Director of his obligations under Sections 10 or 11 hereof, the Company will have no adequate remedy at law, and accordingly will be entitled to specific performance and other appropriate injunctive and equitable relief.
(b) ARBITRATION. Excluding only requests for equitable relief by the Company under Section 14(a) of this Agreement, in the event that there is any claim or dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, and the parties hereto shall not have resolved such claim or dispute within 60 days after written notice from one party to the other setting forth the nature of such claim or dispute, then such claim or dispute shall be settled exclusively by binding arbitration in Dallas, Texas in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association by an arbitrator mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto or, in the absence of such agreement, by an arbitrator selected according to such Rules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if either the Company or the Director shall request,
such arbitration shall be conducted by a panel of three arbitrators, one selected by the Company, one selected by the Director and the third selected by agreement of the first two, or, in the absence of such agreement, in accordance with such Rules. Neither party shall have the right to claim or recover punitive damages. Judgment upon the award rendered by such arbitrator(s) shall be entered in any Court having jurisdiction thereof upon the application of either party.
15. INDEMNIFICATION. The Company will indemnify the Director, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, against all costs, charges and expenses incurred or sustained by the Director, including the cost of legal counsel selected and retained by the Director in connection with any action, suit or proceeding to which the Director may be made a party by reason of the Director being or having been a director of the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate of the Company.
16. COOPERATION IN FUTURE MATTERS. The Director hereby agrees that, for a period of one (1) year following termination of his directorship, he shall cooperate with the Company's reasonable requests relating to matters that pertain to the Director's service as Chairman of the Board by the Company, including, without limitation, providing information or limited consultation as to such matters, participating in legal proceedings, investigations or audits on behalf of the Company, or otherwise making himself reasonably available to the Company for other related purposes. Any such cooperation shall be performed at times scheduled taking into consideration the Director's other commitments, including business and family matters, and the Director shall be compensated at a reasonable hourly or PER DIEM rate to be agreed by the parties to the extent such cooperation is required on more than an occasional and limited basis. The Director shall not be required to perform such cooperation to the extent it conflicts with any requirements of exclusivity of services for an employer or otherwise, nor in any manner that in the good faith belief of the Director would conflict with his rights under or ability to enforce this Agreement.
17. GENERAL.
(a) NOTICES. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing or by written telecommunication, and shall be deemed to have been duly given if delivered personally or if sent by overnight courier or by certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid or sent by written telecommunication or telecopy, to the relevant address set forth below, or to such other address as the recipient of such notice or communication shall have specified to the other party hereto in accordance with this Section 17(a).
If to the Company, to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Board of Directors with a copy to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chief Legal Officer |
If to the Director, at his last residence shown on the records of the Company,
Any such notice shall be effective (i) if delivered personally, when received,
(ii) if sent by overnight courier, when receipted for, and (iii) if mailed, two
(2) days after being mailed as described above.
(b) SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any law, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof shall not in any way be affected or impaired.
(c) WAIVERS. No delay or omission by either party hereto in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall impair such right, power or privilege, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.
(d) COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. In making proof of this Agreement, it shall not be necessary to produce or account for more than one such counterpart.
(e) ASSIGNS. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company's successors and the Director's personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Director, it being understood and agreed that this is a contract for the Director's personal services. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Company except in connection with a transaction involving the succession by a third party to all or substantially all of the Company's business and/or assets (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise), in which case such successor shall assume this Agreement and expressly agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform it in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term "Company" shall include any successor to the Company's business and/or assets that executes and delivers the assumption agreement described in the immediately preceding sentence or that becomes bound by this Agreement by operation of law.
(f) ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement contains the entire understanding of the parties, supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral, relating to the subject matter hereof and may not be amended except by a written instrument hereafter signed by the Director and a duly authorized representative of the Board.
(g) GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement and the performance hereof shall be construed and governed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas, without giving effect
to principles of conflicts of law. Jurisdiction and venue shall be solely in the federal or state courts of Dallas County, Texas. This provision should not be read as a waiver of any right to removal to federal court in Dallas County.
(h) CONSTRUCTION. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rule of strict construction will be applied against any party. The headings of sections of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect its meaning or construction.
(i) PAYMENTS AND EXERCISE OF RIGHTS AFTER DEATH. Any amounts due hereunder after the Director's death shall be paid to the Director's designated beneficiary or beneficiaries, whether received as a designated beneficiary or by will or the laws of descent and distribution. The Director may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries for all purposes of this Agreement, and may change at any time such designation, by notice to the Company making specific reference to this Agreement. If no designated beneficiary survives the Director or the Director fails to designate a beneficiary for purposes of this Agreement prior to his death, all amounts thereafter due hereunder shall be paid, as and when payable, to his spouse, if she survives the Director, and otherwise to his estate.
(j) CONSULTATION WITH COUNSEL. The Director acknowledges that he has had a full and complete opportunity to consult with counsel or other advisers of his own choosing concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement, and that the Company has not made any representations or warranties to the Director concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement other than as are reflected in this Agreement.
(k) WITHHOLDING. Any payments provided for in this Agreement shall be paid net of any applicable tax withholding required under federal, state or local law.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed under seal as of the date first above written.
REIT:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
OPERATING PARTNERSHIP:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED
PARTNERSHIP
By: Ashford OP General Partner, LLC
DIRECTOR:
EXHIBIT "A"
RELEASE AND WAIVER
THIS RELEASE AND WAIVER (the "Termination Release") is made as of the _____ day of ___________, 2003 by ARCHIE BENNETT, JR. (the "Director").
WHEREAS, the Director, Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the "REIT"), and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership") have entered into a Non-Compete/Services Agreement (the "Agreement") dated as of ________________, 2003 and providing certain compensation and severance amounts upon the Director not serving as Chairman of the Board of Directors of REIT (the "Board"); and
WHEREAS, the Director has agreed, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, to execute a release and waiver in the form set forth in this Termination Release in consideration of the REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") agreement to provide the Director's Fee and severance amounts upon the Director not serving as Chairman of the Board as set out in the Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the Director desire to settle all rights, duties and obligations between them, including without limitation all such rights, duties, and obligations arising under the Agreement or otherwise out of the Director's service as Chairman of the Board of the Company;
NOW THEREFORE, intending to be legally bound and for good and valid consideration the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Director agrees as follows:
1. RELEASE. (a) The Director knowingly and voluntarily releases,
acquits, covenants not to sue and forever discharges the Company, and its
respective owners, parents, stockholders, predecessors, successors, assigns,
agents, directors, officers, employees, representatives, divisions and
subsidiaries (collectively, the "Releasees") from any and all charges,
complaints, claims, liabilities, obligations, promises, agreements, damages,
causes of action, suits, rights, costs, losses, debts and expenses of any nature
whatsoever, known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, foreseen or unforeseen,
matured or unmatured, against them which the Director or any of his heirs,
executors, administrators, successors and assigns ever had, now has or at any
time hereafter may have, own or hold by reason of any matter, fact, or cause
whatsoever from the beginning of time up to and including the date of this
Termination Release, including without limitation all claims arising under the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Family and Medical Leave Act of
1993, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Texas Labor Code
Section 21.001, et seq. (Texas Employment Discrimination); Texas Labor Code
Section 61.001, et seq. (Texas Pay Day Act); Texas Labor Code Section 62.002, et
seq. (Texas Minimum Wage Act); Texas Labor Code Section 201.001, et seq. (Texas
Unemployment Compensation Act); Texas Labor Code Section 401.001, et seq.,
specifically Section 451.001 formerly codified as Article 8307c of the Revised
Civil Statutes (Texas Workers' Compensation Act and Discrimination Issues); and
Texas Genetic Information and Testing Law, each as amended, or any other
federal, state or local laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, judicial decisions
or public policies now or hereafter recognized.
(a) The Director represents that he has not filed or permitted to be filed against the Releasee, any complaints, charges or lawsuits and covenants and agrees that he will not seek or be entitled to any personal recovery in any court or before any governmental agency, arbitrator or self-regulatory body against any of the Releasees arising out of any matters set forth in Section 1(a) hereof. Nothing herein shall prevent the Director from seeking to enforce his rights under the Agreement. The Director does not hereby waive or release his rights to any benefits under the Company's employee benefit plans to which he is or will be entitled pursuant to the terms of such plans in the ordinary course.
2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. The Company has advised the Director to consult with an attorney of his choosing prior to signing this Termination Release and the Director hereby represents to the Company that he has been offered an opportunity to consult with an attorney prior to signing this Termination Release. The Company has also advised the Director that Director has up to twenty-one days to consider and sign the Release and Waiver and up to seven days after signing in which to revoke acceptance by giving notice to _____________ at __________________ by personal delivery or by mail postmarked no later than the seventh day after the Director signs the Release and Waiver.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Director has executed this Termination Release under seal as of the day and year first above written.
EXHIBIT 10.5
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the "Agreement"), dated as of ___________, 2003, is between ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Maryland and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (hereinafter, the "REIT"), ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a limited partnership organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (the Operating Partnership"), and MONTGOMERY J. BENNETT, an individual residing in Dallas, Texas (the "Executive").
RECITALS:
A. The REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") desire to employ the Executive in ------- the capacities and on the terms and conditions set out below; and
B. The Executive desires to accept such employment with the Company, on the terms and conditions set forth below.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Executive, in consideration of the respective covenants set out below, hereby agree as follows:
1. EMPLOYMENT.
(a) POSITIONS. During the Term (defined below), the Executive shall be employed by the Company as President and Chief Executive Officer. At the Company's request, the Executive shall serve the Company's subsidiaries and affiliates in other offices and capacities in addition to the foregoing. If the Executive, during the Term, serves in any one or more of such additional capacities, the Executive's compensation shall not be increased beyond that provided in Sections 3, 4 or 5 below. Further, if the Executive's service in one or more of such additional capacities is terminated, the Executive's compensation provided herein shall not be reduced for so long as the Executive otherwise remains employed by the Company under the terms of this Agreement.
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES. The Executive's principal employment duties and responsibilities shall be those duties and responsibilities customary for the positions of President and Chief Executive Officer and such other executive duties and responsibilities as the Board of Directors of the REIT (the "Board") shall from time to time reasonably assign to the Executive. The Executive will be responsible for and have authority over the day-to-day operational management of the Company. The Executive shall report directly to the Board. All other officers of the Company shall report to the Executive or such person(s) as the Executive may designate from time to time.
(c) EXTENT OF SERVICES. Except for (i) the time reasonably required to perform the Executive's duties and responsibilities as Chief Executive Officer and President of Remington Hotel Corporation ("RHC"), Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P. ("Remington Lodging") and their affiliates (so long as such duties do not materially interfere with the performance of the Executive's duties hereunder), and (ii) illnesses and vacation periods, the
Executive shall devote substantially all of his working time and attention and
his best efforts to the performance of his duties and responsibilities under
this Agreement and shall not be otherwise employed. However, the Executive may
(so long as the following do not materially interfere with the performance of
the Executive's duties hereunder) (i) make any passive investments where he is
not obligated or required to, and shall not in fact, devote material managerial
efforts (provided that the Executive may make and continue investments in
accordance with the terms of that certain Mutual Exclusivity Agreement, herein
so called, among RHC, Remington Lodging and their affiliates (herein
collectively called the "Remington Affiliates"), and the Company and its
affiliates dated on or about the date hereof), (ii) participate in charitable,
academic or community activities or in trade or professional organizations,
(iii) hold directorships in charitable or non-profit organizations, (iv) subject
to Board approval (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or
withdrawn), hold directorships in other companies, except only that the Board
shall have the right to limit such services as a director or such participation
whenever the Board shall reasonably believe that the time spent on such
activities infringes in any material respect upon the time required by the
Executive for the performance of his duties under this Agreement or is otherwise
incompatible with those duties, or (v) hold directorships in private companies
owned by the Executive (or Archie Bennett, Jr.) consistent with the Mutual
Exclusivity Agreement. Further, it is agreed that to the extent any such
activities have been conducted by the Executive prior to the Effective Date, the
continued reasonable conduct of such activities (or reasonable activities
similar in nature and scope thereto) subsequent to the Effective Date shall not,
subject to the conditions and limitations of the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement,
thereafter be deemed to interfere with the performance of the Executive's
responsibilities to the Company; provided, that no such activity that violates
the non-competition provisions herein shall be permitted.
2. TERM. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock (the "Effective Date") and shall continue for a Term ending on December 31, 2007 (the "Initial Termination Date") unless it is sooner terminated pursuant to Section 7; provided, however, that this Agreement shall be automatically extended for one additional year on the Initial Termination Date and on each subsequent anniversary of the Initial Termination Date, unless either the Company or the Executive elect not to extend the Term of this Agreement by notifying the other party in writing of such election not less than one hundred eighty (180) days prior to the expiration of the then current Term. For purposes of this Agreement, "Term" shall mean the actual duration of the Executive's employment hereunder, taking into account any extension pursuant to this Section 2 or early termination of employment pursuant to Section 7.
3. SALARY. The Company shall pay the Executive a Base Salary which shall be payable in periodic installments, less statutory deductions and withholdings, according to the Company's normal payroll practices. Commencing as of the Effective Date, the Executive's base salary shall be FOUR HUNDRED TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND Dollars ($425,000) per year. The Board or a Compensation Committee duly appointed by the Board (the "Compensation Committee") shall thereafter review the Executive's Base Salary annually to determine within its sole discretion whether and to what extent the Executive's salary may be increased (for the purposes of this Agreement, the term "Base Salary" shall mean the amount established and adjusted from time to time pursuant to this Section 3).
4. INITIAL RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD. Effective upon execution of this Agreement, the Company shall grant to the Executive, within thirty (30) days after the Effective Date, a restricted stock award of 0.71% of the fully-diluted shares of the common stock outstanding on the forty-fifth (45th) day after closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock, excluding shares issued to the underwriters as compensation to the underwriters. Such stock shall be subject to restrictions on transfer by the Executive and repurchase by the Company such that the Executive shall not be permitted to transfer such shares (other than succession by will or operation of laws of descent and distribution) and the Company shall have the right to repurchase or recover such shares for the amount of cash paid therefor, if any, if the Executive shall terminate employment from the Company, provided that such transfer and repurchase restrictions shall lapse with respect to 33.33% of such initial shares on the one-year anniversary date of the issuance of the shares and on each subsequent anniversary of the issuance of the shares that the Executive shall remain continuously as an employee of the Company as of such date.
5. ANNUAL INCENTIVE AWARDS.
(a) INCENTIVE BONUS. The Executive shall be entitled to receive an annual cash incentive bonus (the "Incentive Bonus") for each calendar year during the Term of this Agreement based on the level of accomplishment of management and performance objectives as established by the Board or Compensation Committee. Except as otherwise provided in Section 8, if the Executive is not employed for the full calendar year, the Executive shall be paid a pro-rated Incentive Bonus in an amount equal to the product of (x) the amount of the Incentive Bonus for the calendar year to which the Executive would have been entitled if the Executive had remained employed for the entire calendar year and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the applicable calendar year for which the Executive was employed through the last day of his employment and the denominator of which is the 365 days of the calendar year. The minimum Incentive Bonus for the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date shall be not less than 75% of Base Salary, and the maximum Incentive Bonus amount shall be 125% of Base Salary. The Incentive Bonus shall be paid as soon as reasonably practical following each calendar year.
(b) INCENTIVE, SAVINGS AND RETIREMENT PLANS. During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to participate in all other incentive plans, stock and option plans, practices, policies and other programs, and all savings and retirement plans, practices, polices and programs, in each case that are applicable generally to senior executives of the Company, as may be adopted, from time to time, by the Company's Compensation Committee.
6. BENEFITS.
(a) VACATION. The Executive will be entitled to four (4) weeks of paid vacation per calendar year. Vacation time not used within the calendar year will not carry forward. The Executive shall not be entitled to cash in lieu of any unused vacation time except as provided in this Agreement.
(b) SICK LEAVE. The Executive shall be entitled to paid sick leave in accordance with the sick leave policies of the Company in effect for other senior executive officers.
(c) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS. The Executive and his spouse and eligible dependents, if any, and their respective designated beneficiaries where applicable, will be eligible for and entitled to participate in other benefits maintained by the Company for its senior executive officers, as such benefits may be modified from time to time and for all such employees, such as, without limitation, any medical, dental, pension, 401(k), accident, disability, and life insurance benefits, on a basis not less favorable than that applicable to other executives of the Company. The Executive will also be entitled to appropriate office space, administrative support, secretarial assistance, and such other facilities and services as are suitable to the Executive's positions and adequate for the performance of the Executive's duties.
(d) EXPENSES. The Executive will be entitled to reimbursement of all reasonable expenses, in accordance with the Company's policy as in effect from time to time and on a basis not less favorable than that applicable to other executives of the Company, including, without limitation, telephone, travel and entertainment expenses incurred by the Executive in connection with the business of the Company, promptly upon the presentation by the Executive of appropriate documentation.
(e) D&O INSURANCE COVERAGE. During and for a period three (3) years after the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to director and officer insurance coverage for his acts and omissions while an officer and director of the Company on a basis no less favorable to him than the coverage provided current officers or directors.
7. TERMINATION. The employment of the Executive by the Company and this Agreement (except as otherwise provided herein) shall terminate upon the occurrence of any of the following:
(a) DEATH OR DISABILITY. Immediately upon death or Disability of the Executive. As used in this Agreement, "Disability" shall mean an inability to perform the essential functions of his duties, with or without reasonable accommodation, for a period of 90 consecutive days or a total of 180 days, during any 365-day period, in either case as a result of incapacity due to mental or physical illness which is determined to be total and permanent. A determination of Disability shall be made by a physician satisfactory to both the Executive and the Company, provided that if the Executive (or his guardian) and the Company do not agree on a physician, the Executive (or his guardian) and the Company shall each select a physician and these two together shall select a third physician, whose determination as to Disability shall be binding on all parties. The appointment of one or more individuals to carry out the offices or duties of the Executive during a period of the Executive's inability to perform such duties and pending a determination of Disability shall not be considered a breach of this Agreement by the Company.
(b) FOR CAUSE. At the election of the Company, for Cause, immediately upon written notice by the Company to the Executive unless the Executive fully corrects the circumstances constituting Cause within the cure periods provided below, if applicable. For purposes of this Agreement, "Cause" for termination shall be deemed to exist solely in the event of the following:
(i) The conviction of the Executive of, or the entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the Executive to, a felony (exclusive of a conviction, plea of guilty or nolo contendere arising solely under a statutory provision imposing criminal liability upon the Executive on a PER SE basis due to the Company offices held by the Executive, so long as any act or omission of the Executive with respect to such matter was not taken or omitted in contravention of any applicable policy or directive of the Board);
(ii) willful breach of duty of loyalty which is materially detrimental to the Company which is not cured to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board within fifteen (15) days following written warning to the Executive from the Board describing the alleged circumstances;
(iii) willful failure to perform or adhere to explicitly stated duties or guidelines of employment or to follow the directives of the Board which continues for fifteen (15) days after written warning to the Executive that it will be deemed a basis for a "For Cause" termination;
(iv) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the Executive's duties (which is not cured by the Executive within 30 days after written warning from the Board);
(v) the Executive's willful commission of an act of dishonesty resulting in economic or financial injury to the Company or willful commission of fraud; or
(vi) the Executive's chronic absence from work for reasons other than illness.
For purposes of this Section, no act, or failure to act, on the Executive's part will be deemed "willful" unless done, or omitted to be done, by the Executive not in good faith and without a reasonable belief that the Executive's act, or failure to act, was in the best interest of the Company. Any act, or failure to act, based upon authority given pursuant to a resolution duly adopted by the Board or based upon the advise of counsel for the Company shall be conclusively presumed to be done, or omitted to be done, by the Executive in good faith and in the best interests of the Company. The cessation of employment of the Executive shall not be deemed to be for Cause until there shall have been delivered to the Executive a copy of a resolution duly adopted by the affirmative vote of not less than 2/3rds of the entire membership of the Board at a meeting of the Board called and held for such purpose (after reasonable notice is provided to the Executive and the Executive is given an opportunity, together with counsel for the Executive, to be heard before the Board), finding that, in the good faith opinion of the Board, the Executive is guilty of any of the conduct described in this Section 7(b), and specified in the particulars thereof in detail; provided, that if the Executive is a member of the Board, neither the Executive nor any family member of the Executive shall vote on such resolution nor shall they be counted in determining the "Entire Membership" of the Board.
(c) WITHOUT CAUSE OR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Company, without Cause, and at the election of the Executive, without Good Reason, in either case upon sixty (60) days' prior written notice to the Executive or to the Company, as the case may be. Provided, however, that if the Executive gives notice, without Good Reason, the Company may
waive all or a portion of the sixty (60) days' written notice and accelerate the effective date of the termination.
(d) FOR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Executive, for Good Reason, which is not cured by the Company within thirty (30) days after written notice from the Executive to the Company setting forth a description of the circumstances constituting Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, "Good Reason" shall mean any of the following actions, omissions or events occurring without the Executive's prior written consent:
(i) The removal without Cause from, or failure to re-elect the Executive as a Director on the Board of Directors of the Company during the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date or, if the Company has not already or in connection therewith elected to terminate the Executive's employment hereunder pursuant to Section 8(c), after such initial Term;
(ii) the assignment to the Executive of any duties, responsibilities, or reporting requirements inconsistent with his positions as President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director on the Board of Directors of the Company, or any material diminishment, on a cumulative basis, of the Executive's overall duties, responsibilities, or status;
(iii) a reduction by the Company in the Executive's annual Base Salary;
(iv) the failure by the Company to honor the minimum Incentive Bonus or to honor the initial restricted stock award referenced in Sections 4 and 5 hereof, unless equitable alternative compensation arrangements (embodied in ongoing substitute or alternative plans) have been provided for the Executive;
(v) the requirement by the Company that the principal place of business at which the Executive performs his duties be changed to a location outside the greater Dallas metropolitan area;
(vi) any material breach by the Company of any provision of this Agreement;
or
(vii) Archie Bennett, Jr. is removed without Cause in his capacity as Chairman of the Board, as the term "Cause" is defined in that certain Non-Compete/Services Agreement (the "ABJ Non-Compete/Services Agreement") dated on or about the Effective Date; the Company fails to renew the ABJ Non-Compete/Services Agreement; or Archie Bennett, Jr. leaves for "Good Reason" as defined in the ABJ Non-Compete/ Services Agreement.
(e) NOTICE OF TERMINATION. Any termination by the Company for Cause, or by the Executive for Good Reason, shall be communicated by Notice of Termination to the other parties hereto given in accordance with Section 17(a) of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Notice of Termination" means a written notice which (i) indicates the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon, (ii) to the extent applicable, sets forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of the Executive's employment under the provision so indicated, and (iii) if the Date of Termination (as
defined below) is other than the date of receipt of such notice, specifies the
termination date (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty
(30) days after the giving of the notice). The failure by the Executive or the
Company to set forth in the Notice of Termination any fact or circumstance which
contributes to a showing of Good Reason or Cause shall not waive any right of
the Executive of the Company, respectively, hereunder or preclude the Executive
or the Company, respectively, from asserting such fact or circumstance in
enforcing the Executive's or the Company's rights hereunder.
(f) DATE OF TERMINATION. "Date of Termination" means (i) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, or by the Executive for Good Reason, the date of receipt of the Notice of Termination or any later date specified in the notice (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the giving of the notice), as the case may be, (ii) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company other than for Cause or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Company notifies the Executive of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, (iii) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Executive without Good Reason, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Executive notifies the Company of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, unless otherwise agreed by the Company and the Executive, and (iv) if the Executive's employment is terminated by reason of death or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date of death or Disability of the Executive, as the case may be.
8. EFFECTS OF TERMINATION.
(a) TERMINATION FOR DEATH OR DISABILITY; BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE AFTER INITIAL TERM; OR NON-RENEWAL BY THE COMPANY. If the employment of the Executive should terminate by reason of (i) death of the Executive or Disability, (ii) termination by the Company for any reason (other than Cause) after the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date, or (iii) the Company's failure to renew this Agreement at the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date or any time thereafter, then all compensation and benefits for the Executive shall be as follows:
(i) The Executive shall be paid, in a single lump sum payment within thirty (30) days after the Date of Termination, the aggregate amount of (A) the Executive's earned but unpaid Base Salary and accrued but unpaid vacation through the Date of Termination, and any Incentive Bonus required to be paid to the Executive pursuant to Section 5(a) above for the prior calendar year to the extent not previously paid, and reimbursement of all expenses through the Date of Termination as required pursuant to Section 6(d) hereof (the "Accrued Obligations"), and (B) one (the "Severance Multiple") times the sum of (x) the Base Salary in effect on the Termination Date plus (y) the average Incentive Bonus received by the Executive for the three complete calendar years (or such lesser number of calendar years as the Executive has been employed by the Company) immediately prior to the Termination Date (the "Severance Payment").
(ii) At the time when incentive bonuses are paid to the Company's other senior executives for the calendar year of the Company in which the Date of Termination occurs, the Executive shall be paid a pro-rated Incentive Bonus in an amount equal to the product of (x) the amount of the Incentive Bonus to which the Executive would have
been entitled if the Executive had remained employed for the entire calendar year and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the applicable calendar year for which the Executive was employed through the Date of Termination and the denominator of which is the 365 days of the calendar year (a "Pro-Rated Bonus").
(iii) The Company will allow the Executive and his dependents, at the Company's cost, to continue to participate for a period of eighteen (18) months following the Date of Termination in any and all of the employee welfare benefit plans of the Company in which the Executive was entitled to participate immediately prior to his termination, to the same extent and upon the same terms as the Executive participated in such plans prior to his termination (the "Other Benefits"); PROVIDED, that the Executive's continued participation is permissible under the general terms and provisions of such plans. To the extent that continued participation is not permissible, the Company shall take such actions as may be necessary to provide the Executive with substantially comparable benefits (without additional cost to the Executive) outside the scope of such plans. If the Executive engages in regular employment after his termination of employment with any organization other than a Remington Affiliate, any employee welfare benefits received by the Executive in consideration of such employment which are similar in nature to the employee welfare benefits provided by the Company will relieve the Company of its obligation under this Section 8(a)(iii) to provide comparable benefits to the extent of the benefits so received.
(iv) The Executive's restricted shares awarded under Section 4 hereof shall immediately vest, and any annual performance shares or options awarded under Section 5(b) hereof shall immediately vest. Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 8(a), all outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(b) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE DURING INITIAL TERM OR BY
THE EXECUTIVE WITH GOOD REASON. In the event that the Executive's employment is
terminated by the Company for any reason other than Cause before the Initial
Termination Date, or by the Executive with Good Reason, the Company will pay the
Executive the same Accrued Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus, employee welfare
benefits and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i) (ii),
(iii) and (iv) above at the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the
Executive shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in
accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple
shall be three (3). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the
Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 8(b), all
outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to
the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards
substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall
become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) TERMINATION BY EXECUTIVE WITHOUT GOOD REASON. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Executive without Good Reason including a
resignation by the Executive without Good Reason and including an election not to renew this Agreement by the Executive, the Company will pay the Executive the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Executive shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment, Pro-rated Bonus, the Other Benefits and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) hereof; provided, however, that if such termination under this Section 8(c) occurs prior to the Initial Termination Date, then the Company will allow the Executive and his dependents, at the Company's cost, during the Non-Compete Period, to continue to participate in any and all of the employee welfare benefit plans of the Company in which the Executive was entitled to participate immediately prior to his termination, to the same extent and upon the same terms as the Executive participated in such plans prior to his termination as allowed under the general terms and provisions of such plans. HOWEVER, if the Executive is re-employed after his termination of employment with any organization other than a Remington Affiliate, any employee welfare benefits received by the Executive in consideration of such employment which are similar in nature to the employee welfare benefits provided by the Company will relieve the Company of its obligation under this Section 8(c) to provide comparable benefits to the extent of the benefits so received. In addition, in consideration for the Executive's agreement for honoring the non-compete and non-solicitation covenants in Section 11 hereof for a period of one (1) year following the Date of Termination resulting from this Section 8(c), the Company shall pay the Executive a non-compete payment (the "Non-Compete Payment") equal to the Severance Payment determined with a Severance Multiple equal to one (1). The Non-Compete Payment shall be paid monthly over the one-year non-compete period in equal monthly installments of one-twelfth (1/12th) of the Non-Compete Payment.
(d) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY FOR CAUSE. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, the Company will pay the Executive the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Executive shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment, Pro-Rated Bonus, the Other Benefits and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) hereof.
(e) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY. Immediately upon the Date of Termination or upon the expiration of this Agreement, notwithstanding anything else to the contrary contained herein or otherwise, the Executive will stop serving the functions of his terminated or expired positions, and shall be without any of the authority or responsibility for such positions. On request of the Board at any time following the termination of the Executive's employment by the Company for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason (including Executive's termination of his employment after a Change in Control (as defined herein)), the Executive agrees to resign immediately from the Board, if then a member.
(f) RELEASE OF CLAIMS. As conditions of Executive's entitlement to the Severance Payment, Non-Compete Payment and benefits provided by this Agreement, the Executive shall be required to execute and honor the terms of a waiver and release of claims against the Company substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit "A" (as may be modified consistent with the purposes of such waiver and release to reflect changes in law following the date hereof).
9. CHANGE OF CONTROL.
(a) CHANGE OF CONTROL. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Change of Control" will be deemed to have taken place upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
(i) Any "person" (as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and as modified in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) other than (A) the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (B) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (C) any Remington Affiliate, (D) a company owned, directly or indirectly, by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company, or (E) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities, becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 30% or more of the shares of voting stock of the Company then outstanding;
(ii) the consummation of any merger, organization, business combination or consolidation of the Company or one of its subsidiaries with or into any other company, other than a merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation which would result in the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto holding securities which represent immediately after such merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or the surviving company or the parent of such surviving company;
(iii) the consummation of the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company's assets, other than a sale or disposition if the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto hold securities immediately thereafter which represent more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the acquiror, or parent of the acquiror, of such assets; or the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
(iv) individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the "Incumbent Board") cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election to the Board was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the Board.
(b) CERTAIN BENEFITS UPON A CHANGE OF CONTROL. If a Change in Control
occurs during the Term and the Executive's employment is terminated by the
Company without Cause or by the Executive for any reason on or before the one
(1) year anniversary of the effective date of the Change in Control, then the
Executive shall be entitled to the Accrued
Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus, employee welfare benefits and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) above at the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the Executive shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple shall be three (3). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 9(b), all outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) EXCISE TAX.
(i) In the event that any payment or benefit received or to be received by the Executive in connection with a Change of Control or the termination of the Executive's employment (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other plan, arrangement or agreement with the Company, any person whose actions result in a Change of Control or any person affiliated with the Company or such person) (all such payments and benefits being hereinafter called "Total Payments") will be subject (in whole or part) to the excise tax (the "Excise Tax") imposed under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), then, subject to the provisions of Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Company will pay to the Executive an additional amount (the "Gross-Up Payment") such that the net amount retained by the Executive, after deduction of any Excise Tax on the Total Payments and any federal, state and local income tax and Excise Tax upon the payment provided for by this Section 9(c)(i), will be equal to the Total Payments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive will be deemed to pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rate of federal income taxation in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made and state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation in the state and locality of the Executive's residence on such date, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes.
(ii) In the event that, after giving effect to any redeterminations described in Section 9(c)(iv) hereof, a reduction in the Total Payments to the largest amount that would result in no portion of the Total Payments being subject to the Excise Tax (after taking into account any reduction in the Total Payments provided by reason of Section 280G of the Code in such other plan, arrangement or agreement) would produce a net amount (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax on such reduced Total Payments) that would be greater than the net amount of unreduced Total Payments (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax and the amount of Excise Tax to which the Executive would be subject in respect of such Total Payments), then Section 9(c)(i) hereof will not apply and the Total Payments will be so reduced.
(iii) The determination of whether any of the Total Payments will be subject to the Excise Tax and the amount of such Excise Tax will be made by the Company's independent auditors. The Company will provide the Executive with its calculation of
the amounts referred to in this Section 9(c) and such supporting materials as are reasonably necessary for the Executive to evaluate the Company's calculations. If the Executive disputes the Company's calculations (in whole or in part), the reasonable opinion of the Company's independent auditors with respect to the matter in dispute will prevail.
(iv) In the event that (A) the Excise Tax is subsequently
determined to be less than the amount taken into account hereunder at
the time of payment of the Total Payments and (B) after giving effect
to such redetermination, the Total Payments are reduced pursuant to
Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Executive will repay to the Company, at
the time that the amount of such reduction in Excise Tax is finally
determined, the portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to such
reduction (plus that portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to
the Excise Tax and federal, state and local income tax imposed on the
Gross-Up Payment being repaid by the Executive to the extent that such
repayment results in a reduction in the Excise Tax and/or a federal,
state or local income tax deduction) plus interest on the amount of
such repayment at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the
Code. In the event that (X) the Excise Tax is determined to exceed the
amount taken into account hereunder at the time of the termination of
the Executive's employment (including by reason of any payment the
existence or amount of which cannot be determined at the time of the
Gross-Up Payment) and (Y) after giving effect to such redetermination,
the Total Payments are not reduced pursuant to Section 9(c)(ii) hereof,
the Company will make an additional Gross-Up Payment in respect of such
excess and in respect of any portion of the Excise Tax with respect to
which the Company had not previously made a Gross-Up Payment (plus any
interest, penalties or additions payable by the Executive with respect
to such excess and such portion) at the time that the amount of such
excess is finally determined.
(v) The Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any
claim that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of
a Gross-Up Payment or might entitle the Company to the refund of all or
part of any previous Gross-Up Payment. Such notification shall be given
as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) business days after
the Executive is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise
the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such
claim is required to be paid. The Executive shall not pay such claim
prior to the expiration of the thirty (30) day period following the
date on which he gives such notice to the Company. If the Company
notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such
period that it desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (i)
give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company
relating to such claim; (ii) take such action in connection with
contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in
writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting
legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney jointly
selected by the Executive and the Company; (iii) cooperate with the
Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim; and
(iv) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to
such claim. The Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and
expenses (including legal fees and additional interest and penalties)
incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold
the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or
income tax
(including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses.
(vi) Without limitation on the foregoing, the Company shall control all audits and proceedings taken in connection with any claim, audit or proceeding involving Excise Taxes or Gross-Up Payments and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of any such claim, audit or proceeding and may, at its sole option, either direct the Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the tax in any permissible manner, and the Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the Company directs the Executive to pay such tax and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Executive, on an interest-free basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance. The Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which such a Gross-Up Payment would be payable or refundable hereunder and the Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue.
10. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. The Executive recognizes and acknowledges that the Executive has and will have access to confidential and proprietary information of the Company which constitute valuable, special, and unique assets of the Company. The term "Confidential Information" as used in this Agreement shall mean all information which is known only to the Executive, the Company, the Remington Affiliates with respect to a Remington Transaction (as defined in the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement), other employees of the Company, or others in a confidential relationship with the Company, and relating to the Company's business (including, without limitation, information regarding clients, customers, pricing policies, methods of operation, proprietary company programs, sales, acquisitions, products, profits, costs, conditions (financial or other), cash flows, key personnel, formulae, product applications, technical processes, and trade secrets, as such information may exist from time to time, which the Executive acquired or obtained by virtue of work performed for the Company, or which the Executive may acquire or may have acquired knowledge of during the performance of said work.
The Executive acknowledges that the Company has put in place certain policies and practices to keep such Confidential Information secret, including disclosing the information only on a need-to-know basis. The Executive further acknowledges that the Confidential Information has been developed or acquired by the Company through the expenditure of substantial time, effort, and money and provides the Company with an advantage over competitors who do not know such Confidential Information. Finally, the Executive acknowledges that such Confidential Information, if revealed to or used for the benefit of the Company's competitors or in a manner contrary to the Company's interests, would cause extensive and immeasurable harm to the Company and to the Company's competitive position.
The Executive shall not, during the Term or at any time after this Agreement ends, for a period of two (2) years thereafter, use for personal gain or detrimentally to the Company all or any part of the Confidential Information, or disclose or make available all or any part of the Confidential Information to any person, firm, corporation, association, or any other entity for any reason or purpose whatsoever, directly or indirectly, except as may be required for the benefit of the Company pursuant to his employment hereunder, unless and until such Confidential Information becomes publicly available other than as a consequence of the breach by the Executive of his confidentiality obligations hereunder.
The Executive acknowledges that the Confidential Information shall remain at all times the exclusive property of the Company, and no license is granted. In the event of the termination of his employment, whether voluntary or involuntary and whether by the Company or the Executive, or within seven (7) business days of the Company's request under any other circumstances, the Executive shall deliver to the Company all Confidential Information, in any form whatsoever, including electronic formats, and shall not take with him any Confidential Information or any reproductions (in whole or in part) or extracts of any items relating to the Confidential Information. The Company acknowledges that prior to his employment with the Company, the Executive has lawfully acquired extensive knowledge of the industries in which the Company engages in business including, without limitation, markets, valuation methods and techniques, capital markets, investor relationships and similar items, and that the provisions of this Section 10 are not intended to restrict the Executive's use of such previously acquired knowledge.
In the event that the Executive receives a request or is required (by deposition, interrogatory, request for documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar process) to disclose all or any part of the Confidential Information, the Executive agrees to (a) promptly notify the Company of the existence, terms and circumstances surrounding such request or requirement, (b) consult with the Company on the advisability of taking legally available steps to resist or narrow such request or requirement and (c) assist the Company in seeking a protective order or other appropriate remedy; provided, however, that the Executive shall not be required to take any action in violation of applicable laws. In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained or that the Company waives compliance with the provisions hereof, the Executive shall not be liable for such disclosure unless disclosure to any such tribunal was caused by or resulted from a previous disclosure by the Executive not permitted by this Agreement.
11. NON-COMPETITION AND NONSOLICITATION. During the Term and any Non-Compete Period (hereinafter defined), the Executive will not, directly or indirectly, either as a principal, agent, employee, employer, stockholder or partner: (i) engage in any "Competitive Business," or (ii) employ or solicit the employment of, or assist others in employing or soliciting the employment of, any individual employed by the Company at any time while the Executive was also so employed; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the foregoing shall not prohibit or limit the Executive's right to (i) pursue investments, transactions or businesses allowed pursuant to the terms of the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement, (ii) continue the Executive's ownership, investment, management and operation of the Remington Affiliates consistent with the terms of the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement, (iii) continue the Executive's ownership, investment, management and operation of all existing investments of the Executive and the Remington
Affiliates as of the Effective Date consistent with the terms of the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement, and (iv) remain an officer and/or director of all Remington Affiliates consistent with the terms of the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement.
For purposes of this Section 11, "Competitive Business" means acquiring, investing in or with respect to, owning, leasing, managing or developing hotel properties in the United States or originating or acquiring loans in respect of hotel properties in the United States where the Executive has duties or performs services that are the same or similar to those services actually performed by the Executive for the Company.
For purposes of this Section 11, the "Non-Compete Period" shall mean:
(i) In the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of Disability, or a termination by the Executive without Good Reason (including, without limitation, a resignation by the Executive without Good Reason or an election not to renew by the Executive), a period during the Term and ending one (1) year after the Date of Termination;
(ii) in the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of a termination by the Company for Cause, a period during the Term and ending eighteen (18) months after the Date of Termination;
(iii) in the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of (i) a Change in Control, (ii) a termination by the Executive for Good Reason, or (iii) a termination by the Company for any reason other than Cause, only during the Term; or
(iv) notwithstanding the foregoing, in all cases the Non-Compete Period shall terminate effective on the termination of the REIT Exclusivity Rights (as defined in the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement) by Remington Lodging as a result of a Remington Termination Event (and provided further that upon such termination of the Non-Compete Period, the outstanding Non-Compete Payment shall be paid by the Company within five (5) days of such termination to the Executive).
The Executive acknowledges that the services provided by the Executive are of a special, unique, and extraordinary nature. The Executive further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company will enhance his value to a Competitive Business, and that the nature of the Confidential Information to which the Executive has immediate access and will continue to have access during the course of his employment makes it difficult, if not impossible, for him to engage in any Competitive Business or work in any capacity similar to the Executive's duties or services with the Company without disclosing or utilizing the Confidential Information. The Executive further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company places him in a position of trust with the Company.
The Executive agrees that restraints imposed upon him pursuant to this
Section are necessary for the reasonable and proper protection of the Company
and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and that each and every one of the
restraints is reasonable in respect to subject matter, length of time and
geographic area. The parties further agree that, in the event that any provision
of this Section shall be determined by any court of competent jurisdiction to be
unenforceable by
reason of its being extended over too great a time, too large a geographic area or too great a range of activities, such provision shall be deemed to be modified to permit its enforcement to the maximum extent permitted by law.
12. NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent or limit the Executive's continuing or future participation in any plan, program, policy or practice provided by the Company and for which the Executive may qualify, nor shall anything herein limit or otherwise affect such rights as the Executive may have under any contract or agreement with the Company. Amounts which are vested benefits or which the Executive is otherwise entitled to receive under any plan, policy, practice or program of or any contract agreement with the Company at or subsequent to the Date of Termination shall be payable in accordance with such plan, policy, practice or program or contract or agreement except as explicitly modified by this Agreement.
13. FULL SETTLEMENT. The Company's obligation to make the payments
provided for in this Agreement and otherwise to perform its obligations
hereunder shall not be affected by any set-off, counterclaim, recoupment,
defense or other claim, right or action which the Company may have against the
Executive or others. In no event shall the Executive be obligated to seek other
employment or take any other action by way of mitigation of the amounts payable
to the Executive under any of the provisions of this Agreement and except as
expressly provided, such amounts shall not be reduced whether or not the
Executive obtains other employment. The Company agrees to pay as incurred
(within 30 days following the Company's receipt of an invoice from the
Executive), to the full extent permitted by law, all reasonable legal fees and
expenses which the Executive or his beneficiaries may reasonably incur as a
result of any contest (regardless of the outcome thereof) by the Company, the
Executive or others of the validity or enforceability of, or liability under,
any provision of this Agreement or any guarantee of performance thereof
(including as a result of any contest by the Executive or his beneficiaries
about the amount of any payment pursuant to this Agreement), plus in each case
interest on any delayed payment at the applicable Federal rate provided for in
Section 7872(f)(2)(a) of the Code. The preceding sentence shall not apply with
respect to any such contest if the court having jurisdiction over such contest
determines that the Executive's claim in such contest is frivolous or maintained
in bad faith.
14. DISPUTES.
(a) EQUITABLE RELIEF. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that upon any breach by the Executive of his obligations under Sections 10 or 11 hereof, the Company will have no adequate remedy at law, and accordingly will be entitled to specific performance and other appropriate injunctive and equitable relief.
(b) ARBITRATION. Excluding only requests for equitable relief by the Company under Section 14(a) of this Agreement, in the event that there is any claim or dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, and the parties hereto shall not have resolved such claim or dispute within 60 days after written notice from one party to the other setting forth the nature of such claim or dispute, then such claim or dispute shall be settled exclusively by binding arbitration in Dallas, Texas in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association by an arbitrator mutually agreed upon
by the parties hereto or, in the absence of such agreement, by an arbitrator selected according to such Rules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if either the Company or the Executive shall request, such arbitration shall be conducted by a panel of three arbitrators, one selected by the Company, one selected by the Executive and the third selected by agreement of the first two, or, in the absence of such agreement, in accordance with such Rules. Neither party shall have the right to claim or recover punitive damages. Judgment upon the award rendered by such arbitrator(s) shall be entered in any Court having jurisdiction thereof upon the application of either party.
15. INDEMNIFICATION. The Company will indemnify the Executive, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, against all costs, charges and expenses incurred or sustained by the Executive, including the cost of legal counsel selected and retained by the Executive in connection with any action, suit or proceeding to which the Executive may be made a party by reason of the Executive being or having been an officer, director, or employee of the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate of the Company.
16. COOPERATION IN FUTURE MATTERS. The Executive hereby agrees that, for a period of one (1) year following his termination of employment, he shall cooperate with the Company's reasonable requests relating to matters that pertain to the Executive's employment by the Company, including, without limitation, providing information or limited consultation as to such matters, participating in legal proceedings, investigations or audits on behalf of the Company, or otherwise making himself reasonably available to the Company for other related purposes. Any such cooperation shall be performed at times scheduled taking into consideration the Executive's other commitments, including business and family matters, and the Executive shall be compensated at a reasonable hourly or PER DIEM rate to be agreed by the parties to the extent such cooperation is required on more than an occasional and limited basis. The Executive shall not be required to perform such cooperation to the extent it conflicts with any requirements of exclusivity of services for another employer or otherwise, nor in any manner that in the good faith belief of the Executive would conflict with his rights under or ability to enforce this Agreement.
17. GENERAL.
(a) NOTICES. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing or by written telecommunication, and shall be deemed to have been duly given if delivered personally or if sent by overnight courier or by certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid or sent by written telecommunication or telecopy, to the relevant address set forth below, or to such other address as the recipient of such notice or communication shall have specified to the other party hereto in accordance with this Section 17(a).
If to the Company, to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chairman of the Board of Directors |
with a copy to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chief Legal Officer |
If to the Executive, at his last residence shown on the records of the Company,
Any such notice shall be effective (i) if delivered personally, when received,
(ii) if sent by overnight courier, when receipted for, and (iii) if mailed, two
(2) days after being mailed as described above.
(b) SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any law, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof shall not in any way be affected or impaired.
(c) WAIVERS. No delay or omission by either party hereto in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall impair such right, power or privilege, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.
(d) COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. In making proof of this Agreement, it shall not be necessary to produce or account for more than one such counterpart.
(e) ASSIGNS. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company's successors and the Executive's personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Executive, it being understood and agreed that this is a contract for the Executive's personal services. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Company except in connection with a transaction involving the succession by a third party to all or substantially all of the Company's business and/or assets (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise), in which case such successor shall assume this Agreement and expressly agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform it in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term "Company" shall include any successor to the Company's business and/or assets that executes and delivers the assumption agreement described in the immediately preceding sentence or that becomes bound by this Agreement by operation of law.
(f) ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement contains the entire understanding of the parties, supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral, relating
to the subject matter hereof and may not be amended except by a written instrument hereafter signed by the Executive and a duly authorized representative of the Board.
(g) GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement and the performance hereof shall be construed and governed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of law. Jurisdiction and venue shall be solely in the federal or state courts of Dallas County, Texas. This provision should not be read as a waiver of any right to removal to federal court in Dallas County.
(h) CONSTRUCTION. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rule of strict construction will be applied against any party. The headings of sections of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect its meaning or construction.
(i) PAYMENTS AND EXERCISE OF RIGHTS AFTER DEATH. Any amounts due hereunder after the Executive's death shall be paid to the Executive's designated beneficiary or beneficiaries, whether received as a designated beneficiary or by will or the laws of descent and distribution. The Executive may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries for all purposes of this Agreement, and may change at any time such designation, by notice to the Company making specific reference to this Agreement. If no designated beneficiary survives the Executive or the Executive fails to designate a beneficiary for purposes of this Agreement prior to his death, all amounts thereafter due hereunder shall be paid, as and when payable, to his spouse, if she survives the Executive, and otherwise to his estate.
(j) CONSULTATION WITH COUNSEL. The Executive acknowledges that he has had a full and complete opportunity to consult with counsel or other advisers of his own choosing concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement, and that the Company has not made any representations or warranties to the Executive concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement other than as are reflected in this Agreement.
(k) WITHHOLDING. Any payments provided for in this Agreement shall be paid net of any applicable tax withholding required under federal, state or local law.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed under seal as of the date first above written.
REIT:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
OPERATING PARTNERSHIP:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED
PARTNERSHIP
By: Ashford OP General Partner, LLC
EXECUTIVE:
EXHIBIT "A"
RELEASE AND WAIVER
THIS RELEASE AND WAIVER (the "Termination Release") is made as of the _____ day of ___________, 2003 by MONTGOMERY J. BENNETT (the "Executive").
WHEREAS, the Executive, Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the "REIT"), and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership") have entered into an Employment Agreement (the "Agreement") dated as of ________________, 2003 and providing certain compensation and severance amounts upon the Executive's termination of employment; and
WHEREAS, the Executive has agreed, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, to execute a release and waiver in the form set forth in this Termination Release in consideration of the REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") agreement to provide the compensation and severance amounts upon the Executive's termination of employment set out in the Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive desire to settle all rights, duties and obligations between them, including without limitation all such rights, duties, and obligations arising under the Agreement or otherwise out of the Executive's employment by the Company;
NOW THEREFORE, intending to be legally bound and for good and valid consideration the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Executive agrees as follows:
1. RELEASE. (a) The Executive knowingly and voluntarily releases,
acquits, covenants not to sue and forever discharges the Company, and its
respective owners, parents, stockholders, predecessors, successors, assigns,
agents, directors, officers, employees, representatives, divisions and
subsidiaries (collectively, the "Releasees") from any and all charges,
complaints, claims, liabilities, obligations, promises, agreements, damages,
causes of action, suits, rights, costs, losses, debts and expenses of any nature
whatsoever, known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, foreseen or unforeseen,
matured or unmatured, against them which the Executive or any of his heirs,
executors, administrators, successors and assigns ever had, now has or at any
time hereafter may have, own or hold by reason of any matter, fact, or cause
whatsoever from the beginning of time up to and including the date of this
Termination Release, including without limitation all claims arising under the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Family and Medical Leave Act of
1993, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Texas Labor Code
Section 21.001, et seq. (Texas Employment Discrimination); Texas Labor Code
Section 61.001, et seq. (Texas Pay Day Act); Texas Labor Code Section 62.002, et
seq. (Texas Minimum Wage Act); Texas Labor Code Section 201.001, et seq. (Texas
Unemployment Compensation Act); Texas Labor Code Section 401.001, et seq.,
specifically Section 451.001 formerly codified as Article 8307c of the Revised
Civil Statutes (Texas Workers' Compensation Act and Discrimination Issues); and
Texas Genetic Information and Testing Law, each as amended, or any other
federal, state or local laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, judicial decisions
or public policies now or hereafter recognized.
(a) The Executive represents that he has not filed or permitted to be filed against the Releasee, any complaints, charges or lawsuits and covenants and agrees that he will not seek or be entitled to any personal recovery in any court or before any governmental agency, arbitrator or self-regulatory body against any of the Releasees arising out of any matters set forth in Section 1(a) hereof. Nothing herein shall prevent the Executive from seeking to enforce his rights under the Agreement. The Executive does not hereby waive or release his rights to any benefits under the Company's employee benefit plans to which he is or will be entitled pursuant to the terms of such plans in the ordinary course.
2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. The Company has advised the Executive to consult with an attorney of his choosing prior to signing this Termination Release and the Executive hereby represents to the Company that he has been offered an opportunity to consult with an attorney prior to signing this Termination Release. The Company has also advised the Executive that Executive has up to twenty-one days to consider and sign the Release and Waiver and up to seven days after signing in which to revoke acceptance by giving notice to _______________ at _________________ by personal delivery or by mail postmarked no later than the seventh day after the Executive signs the Release and Waiver.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Executive has executed this Termination Release under seal as of the day and year first above written.
EXHIBIT 10.6
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the "Agreement"), dated as of ___________, 2003, is between ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Maryland and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (hereinafter, the "REIT"), ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a limited partnership organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (the Operating Partnership"), and DOUGLAS KESSLER, an individual residing in Dallas, Texas (the "Executive").
RECITALS:
A. The REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") desire to employ the Executive in the capacities and on the terms and conditions set out below; and
B. The Executive desires to accept such employment with the Company, on the terms and conditions set forth below.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Executive, in consideration of the respective covenants set out below, hereby agree as follows:
1. EMPLOYMENT.
(a) POSITIONS. During the Term (defined below), the Executive shall be employed by the Company as Chief Operating Officer. At the Company's request, the Executive shall serve the Company's subsidiaries and affiliates in other offices and capacities in addition to the foregoing. If the Executive, during the Term, serves in any one or more of such additional capacities, the Executive's compensation shall not be increased beyond that provided in Sections 3, 4 or 5 below. Further, if the Executive's service in one or more of such additional capacities is terminated, the Executive's compensation provided herein shall not be reduced for so long as the Executive otherwise remains employed by the Company under the terms of this Agreement.
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES. The Executive's principal employment duties and responsibilities shall be those duties and responsibilities customary for the position of Chief Operating Officer and such other executive duties and responsibilities as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company ("CEO") or Board of Directors of the REIT (the "Board") shall from time to time reasonably assign to the Executive. The Executive shall report directly to the CEO or such person(s) as the CEO may designate from time to time.
(c) EXTENT OF SERVICES. Except for illnesses and vacation periods, the Executive shall devote substantially all of his working time and attention and his best efforts to the performance of his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement and shall not be otherwise employed. However, the Executive may (so long as the following do not materially interfere with the performance of the Executive's duties hereunder) (i) make any passive investments where he is not obligated or required to, and shall not in fact, devote material managerial efforts, (ii) participate in charitable, academic or community activities or in trade or professional organizations, (iii) hold directorships in charitable or non-profit organizations, or
(iv) subject to CEO and Board approval (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or withdrawn), hold directorships in for profit companies, except only that the CEO or the Board shall have the right to limit such services as a director or such participation whenever the CEO or the Board shall reasonably believe that the time spent on such activities infringes in any material respect upon the time required by the Executive for the performance of his duties under this Agreement or is otherwise incompatible with those duties.
2. TERM. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock (the "Effective Date") and shall continue for a Term ending on December 31, 2006 (the "Initial Termination Date") unless it is sooner terminated pursuant to Section 7; provided, however, that this Agreement shall be automatically extended for one additional year on the Initial Termination Date and on each subsequent anniversary of the Initial Termination Date, unless either the Company or the Executive elect not to extend the Term of this Agreement by notifying the other party in writing of such election not less than one hundred eighty (180) days prior to the expiration of the then current Term. For purposes of this Agreement, "Term" shall mean the actual duration of the Executive's employment hereunder, taking into account any extension pursuant to this Section 2 or early termination of employment pursuant to Section 7.
3. SALARY. The Company shall pay the Executive a Base Salary which shall be payable in periodic installments, less statutory deductions and withholdings, according to the Company's normal payroll practices. Commencing as of the Effective Date, the Executive's base salary shall be THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND Dollars ($300,000) per year. The Board or a Compensation Committee duly appointed by the Board (the "Compensation Committee") shall thereafter review the Executive's Base Salary annually to determine within its sole discretion whether and to what extent the Executive's salary may be increased (for the purposes of this Agreement, the term "Base Salary" shall mean the amount established and adjusted from time to time pursuant to this Section 3).
4. INITIAL RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD. Effective upon execution of this Agreement, the Company shall grant to the Executive, within thirty (30) days after the Effective Date, a restricted stock award of 0.34% of the fully-diluted shares of the common stock outstanding on the forty-fifth (45th) day after closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock, excluding shares issued to the underwriters as compensation to the underwriters. Such stock shall be subject to restrictions on transfer by the Executive and repurchase by the Company such that the Executive shall not be permitted to transfer such shares (other than succession by will or by operation of laws of descent and distribution) and the Company shall have the right to repurchase or recover such shares for the amount of cash paid therefor, if any, if the Executive shall terminate employment from the Company, provided that such transfer and repurchase restrictions shall lapse with respect to 33.33% of such initial shares on the one-year anniversary date of the issuance of the shares and on each subsequent anniversary of the issuance of the shares that the Executive shall remain continuously as an employee of the Company as of such date.
5. ANNUAL INCENTIVE AWARDS.
(a) INCENTIVE BONUS. The Executive shall be entitled to receive an annual cash incentive bonus (the "Incentive Bonus") for each calendar year during the Term of this Agreement based on the level of accomplishment of management and performance objectives as established by the Board or Compensation Committee. Except as otherwise provided in Section 8, if the Executive is not employed for the full calendar year, the Executive shall be paid a pro-rated Incentive Bonus in an amount equal to the product of (x) the amount of the Incentive Bonus for the calendar year to which the Executive would have been entitled if the Executive had remained employed for the entire calendar year and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the applicable calendar year for which the Executive was employed through the last day of his employment and the denominator of which is the 365 days of the calendar year. The minimum Incentive Bonus for the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date shall be not less than 50% of Base Salary, and the maximum bonus amount shall be 100% of Base Salary.
(b) INCENTIVE, SAVINGS AND RETIREMENT PLANS. During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to participate in all other incentive plans, stock and option plans, practices, policies and other programs, and all savings and retirement plans, practices, polices and programs, in each case that are applicable generally to senior executives of the Company, as may be adopted, from time to time, by the Company's Compensation Committee.
6. BENEFITS.
(a) VACATION. The Executive will be entitled to four (4) weeks of paid vacation per calendar year. Vacation time not used within the calendar year will not carry forward. The Executive shall not be entitled to cash in lieu of any unused vacation time except as provided herein.
(b) SICK LEAVE. The Executive shall be entitled to paid sick leave in accordance with the sick leave policies of the Company in effect for other senior executive officers.
(c) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS. The Executive and his spouse and eligible dependents, if any, and their respective designated beneficiaries where applicable, will be eligible for and entitled to participate in other benefits maintained by the Company for its senior executive officers, as such benefits may be modified from time to time and for all such employees, such as, without limitation, any medical, dental, pension, 401(k), accident, disability, and life insurance benefits, on a basis not less favorable than that applicable to other executives of the Company. The Executive will also be entitled to appropriate office space, administrative support, secretarial assistance, and such other facilities and services as are suitable to the Executive's positions and adequate for the performance of the Executive's duties.
(d) EXPENSES. The Executive will be entitled to reimbursement of all reasonable expenses, in accordance with the Company's policy as in effect from time to time and on a basis not less favorable than that applicable to other executives of the Company, including, without limitation, telephone, travel and entertainment expenses incurred by the Executive in connection
with the business of the Company, promptly upon the presentation by the Executive of appropriate documentation.
(e) D&O INSURANCE COVERAGE. During and for a period three (3) years after the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to director and officer insurance coverage for his acts and omissions while an officer and director of the Company on a basis no less favorable to him than the coverage provided current officers or directors.
7. TERMINATION. The employment of the Executive by the Company and this Agreement (except as otherwise provided herein) shall terminate upon the occurrence of any of the following:
(a) DEATH OR DISABILITY. Immediately upon death or Disability of the Executive. As used in this Agreement, "Disability" shall mean an inability to perform the essential functions of his duties, with or without reasonable accommodation, for a period of 90 consecutive days or a total of 180 days, during any 365-day period, in either case as a result of incapacity due to mental or physical illness which is determined to be total and permanent. A determination of Disability shall be made by a physician satisfactory to both the Executive (or his guardian) and the Company, provided that if the Executive and the Company do not agree on a physician, the Executive (or his guardian) and the Company shall each select a physician and these two together shall select a third physician, whose determination as to Disability shall be binding on all parties. The appointment of one or more individuals to carry out the offices or duties of the Executive during a period of the Executive's inability to perform such duties and pending a determination of Disability shall not be considered a breach of this Agreement by the Company.
(b) FOR CAUSE. At the election of the Company, for Cause, immediately upon written notice by the Company to the Executive unless the Executive fully corrects the circumstances constituting Cause within the cure periods provided below, if applicable. For purposes of this Agreement, "Cause" for termination shall be deemed to exist solely in the event of the following:
(i) The conviction of the Executive of, or the entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the Executive to, a felony (exclusive of a conviction, plea of guilty or nolo contendere arising solely under a statutory provision imposing criminal liability upon the Executive on a PER SE basis due to the Company offices held by the Executive, so long as any act or omission of the Executive with respect to such matter was not taken or omitted in contravention of any applicable policy or directive of the CEO or the Board);
(ii) willful breach of duty of loyalty which is materially detrimental to the Company which is not cured to the reasonable satisfaction of the CEO or the Board within fifteen (15) days following written warning to the Executive from the CEO or the Board describing the alleged circumstances provided that if there is an inconsistency in directives given by the Board as compared to a directive from the CEO, the Board directives shall control;
(iii) willful failure to perform or adhere to explicitly stated duties or guidelines of employment or to follow the directives of the CEO which continues for fifteen (15) days after written warning to the Executive that it will be deemed a basis for a "For Cause" termination;
(iv) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the Executive's duties (which is not cured by the Executive within 30 days after written warning from the CEO);
(v) the Executive's willful commission of an act of dishonesty resulting in economic or financial injury to the Company or willful commission of fraud; or
(vi) the Executive's chronic absence from work for reasons other than illness.
For purposes of this Section, no act, or failure to act, on the Executive's part will be deemed "willful" unless done, or omitted to be done, by the Executive not in good faith and without a reasonable belief that the Executive's act, or failure to act, was in the best interest of the Company. Any act, or failure to act, based upon authority given pursuant to a resolution duly adopted by the Board, a directive of the CEO, or based upon the advise of counsel for the Company shall be conclusively presumed to be done, or omitted to be done, by the Executive in good faith and in the best interests of the Company.
(c) WITHOUT CAUSE OR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Company,
without Cause, and at the election of the Executive, without Good Reason, in
either case upon sixty (60) days' prior written notice to the Executive or to
the Company, as the case may be. Provided, however, that if the Executive gives
notice, without Good Reason, the Company may waive all or a portion of the sixty
(60) days' written notice and accelerate the effective date of the termination.
(d) FOR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Executive, for Good Reason, which is not cured by the Company within thirty (30) days after written notice from the Executive to the Company setting forth a description of the circumstances constituting Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, "Good Reason" shall mean any of the following actions, omissions or events occurring without the Executive's prior written consent:
(i) The assignment to the Executive of any duties, responsibilities, or reporting requirements inconsistent with his position as Chief Operating Officer of the Company, or any material diminishment, on a cumulative basis, of the Executive's overall duties, responsibilities, or status;
(ii) a reduction by the Company in the Executive's annual Base Salary;
(iii) the failure by the Company to honor the minimum Incentive Bonus or to honor the initial restricted stock award referenced in Sections 4 and 5 hereof, unless equitable alternative compensation arrangements (embodied in ongoing substitute or alternative plans) have been provided for the Executive;
(iv) the requirement by the Company that the principal place of business at which the Executive performs his duties be changed to a location outside the greater Dallas metropolitan area; or
(v) any material breach by the Company of any provision of this Agreement.
(e) NOTICE OF TERMINATION. Any termination by the Company for Cause, or by the Executive for Good Reason, shall be communicated by Notice of Termination to the other parties hereto given in accordance with Section 17(a) of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Notice of Termination" means a written notice which (i) indicates the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon, (ii) to the extent applicable, sets forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of the Executive's employment under the provision so indicated, and (iii) if the Date of Termination (as defined below) is other than the date of receipt of such notice, specifies the termination date (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the giving of the notice). The failure by the Executive or the Company to set forth in the Notice of Termination any fact or circumstance which contributes to a showing of Good Reason or Cause shall not waive any right of the Executive of the Company, respectively, hereunder or preclude the Executive or the Company, respectively, from asserting such fact or circumstance in enforcing the Executive's or the Company's rights hereunder.
(f) DATE OF TERMINATION. "Date of Termination" means (i) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, or by the Executive for Good Reason, the date of receipt of the Notice of Termination or any later date specified in the notice (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the giving of the notice), as the case may be, (ii) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company other than for Cause or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Company notifies the Executive of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, (iii) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Executive without Good Reason, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Executive notifies the Company of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, unless otherwise agreed by the Company and the Executive, and (iv) if the Executive's employment is terminated by reason of death or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date of death or Disability of the Executive, as the case may be.
8. EFFECTS OF TERMINATION.
(a) TERMINATION FOR DEATH OR DISABILITY; BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE AFTER INITIAL TERM; OR NON-RENEWAL BY THE COMPANY. If the employment of the Executive should terminate by reason of (i) death of the Executive or Disability, (ii) termination by the Company for any reason (other than Cause) after the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date, or (iii) the Company's failure to renew this Agreement at the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date or any time thereafter, then all compensation and benefits for the Executive shall be as follows:
(i) The Executive shall be paid, in a single lump sum payment within thirty (30) days after the Date of Termination, the aggregate amount of (A) the Executive's earned but unpaid Base Salary through the Date of Termination, and any Incentive Bonus
required to be paid to the Executive pursuant to Section 5(a) above for the prior calendar year to the extent not previously paid, and reimbursement of all expenses through the Date of Termination as required pursuant to Section 6(d) hereof (the "Accrued Obligations"), and (B) one (the "Severance Multiple") times the sum of (x) the Base Salary in effect on the Termination Date plus (y) the average Incentive Bonus received by the Executive for the three complete calendar years (or such lesser number of calendar years as the Executive has been employed by the Company) immediately prior to the Termination Date (the "Severance Payment").
(ii) At the time when incentive bonuses are paid to the Company's other senior executives for the calendar year of the Company in which the Date of Termination occurs, the Executive shall be paid a pro-rated Incentive Bonus in an amount equal to the product of (x) the amount of the Incentive Bonus to which the Executive would have been entitled if the Executive's employment had not been terminated, and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the applicable calendar year for which the Executive was employed through the Date of Termination and the denominator of which is the 365 days of the calendar year (a "Pro-Rated Bonus").
(iii) The Company will allow the Executive and his dependents, at the Company's cost, to continue to participate for a period of twelve (12) months following the Date of Termination in any and all of the employee welfare benefit plans of the Company in which the Executive was entitled to participate immediately prior to his termination, to the same extent and upon the same terms as the Executive participated in such plans prior to his termination (the "Other Benefits"); PROVIDED, that the Executive's continued participation is permissible under the general terms and provisions of such plans. To the extent that continued participation is not permissible, the Company shall take such actions as may be necessary to provide the Executive with substantially comparable benefits (without additional cost to the Executive) outside the scope of such plans. If the Executive engages in regular employment after his termination of employment with any organization, any employee welfare benefits received by the Executive in consideration of such employment which are similar in nature to the employee welfare benefits provided by the Company will relieve the Company of its obligation under this Section 8(a)(iii) to provide comparable benefits to the extent of the benefits so received.
(iv) The Executive's restricted shares awarded under Section 4 hereof shall immediately vest, and any annual performance shares or options awarded under Section 5(b) hereof shall immediately vest. Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 8(a), all outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(b) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE DURING INITIAL TERM OR BY THE EXECUTIVE WITH GOOD REASON. In the event that the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other than Cause before the Initial
Termination Date, or by the Executive with Good Reason, the Company will pay the
Executive the same Accrued Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus, employee welfare
benefits and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i) (ii),
(iii) and (iv) above at the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the
Executive shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in
accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple
shall be two (2). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the
Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 8(b), all
outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to
the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards
substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall
become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) TERMINATION BY EXECUTIVE WITHOUT GOOD REASON. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Executive without Good Reason including a resignation by the Executive without Good Reason and including an election not to renew this Agreement by the Executive, the Company will pay the Executive the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Executive shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment, Pro-rated Bonus, the Other Benefits and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) hereof; provided, however, if such termination under this Section 8(c) occurs prior to the Initial Termination Date, then the Company will allow the Executive and his dependents, at the Company's cost, during the Non-Compete Period, to continue to participate in any and all of the employee welfare benefit plans of the Company in which the Executive was entitled to participate immediately prior to his termination, to the same extent and upon the same terms as the Executive participated in such plans prior to his termination as allowed under the general terms and provisions of such plans. HOWEVER, if the Executive is re-employed after his termination of employment with any organization, any employee welfare benefits received by the Executive in consideration of such employment which are similar in nature to the employee welfare benefits provided by the Company will relieve the Company of its obligation under this Section 8(c) to provide comparable benefits to the extent of the benefits so received. In addition, in consideration for the Executive's agreement for honoring the non-compete and non-solicitation covenants in Section 11 hereof for a period of one (1) year following the Date of Termination resulting from this Section 8(c) if such termination occurs prior to the Initial Termination Date, the Company shall pay the Executive a non-compete payment (the "Non-Compete Payment") equal to the Severance Payment determined with a Severance Multiple equal to one (1). The Non-Compete Payment shall be paid monthly over the one-year non-compete period in equal monthly installments of one-twelfth (1/12th) of the Non-Compete Payment. If, however, a termination under this Section 8(c) occurs after the Initial Termination Date, then the Executive shall not be entitled to the Non-Compete Payment and the Executive shall not be bound to the non-compete covenants of Section 11 hereof but only to the covenants of confidentiality set forth in Section 10 hereof.
(d) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY FOR CAUSE. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, the Company will pay the Executive the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Executive shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment, Pro-Rated Bonus, the Other Benefits and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) hereof.
(e) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY. Immediately upon the Date of Termination or upon the expiration of this Agreement, notwithstanding anything else to the contrary contained herein or otherwise, the Executive will stop serving the functions of his terminated or expired positions, and shall be without any of the authority or responsibility for such positions.
(f) RELEASE OF CLAIMS. As conditions of Executive's entitlement to the Severance Payment, Non-Compete Payment and benefits provided by this Agreement, the Executive shall be required to execute and honor the terms of a waiver and release of claims against the Company substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit "A" (as may be modified consistent with the purposes of such waiver and release to reflect changes in law following the date hereof).
9. CHANGE OF CONTROL.
(a) CHANGE OF CONTROL. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Change of Control" will be deemed to have taken place upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
(i) Any "person" (as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and as modified in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) other than (A) the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (B) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (C) any Remington Affiliate, (D) a company owned, directly or indirectly, by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company, or (E) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities, becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 30% or more of the shares of voting stock of the Company then outstanding;
(ii) the consummation of any merger, organization, business combination or consolidation of the Company or one of its subsidiaries with or into any other company, other than a merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation which would result in the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto holding securities which represent immediately after such merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or the surviving company or the parent of such surviving company;
(iii) the consummation of the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company's assets, other than a sale or disposition if the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto hold securities immediately thereafter which represent more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the acquiror, or parent of the acquiror, of such assets; or the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
(iv) individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the "Incumbent Board") cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;
provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election to the Board was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the Board.
(b) CERTAIN BENEFITS UPON A CHANGE OF CONTROL. If a Change in Control
occurs during the Term and the Executive's employment is terminated by the
Company without Cause or by the Executive for any reason on or before the one
(1) year anniversary of the effective date of the Change in Control, then the
Executive shall be entitled to the Accrued Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus,
employee welfare benefits for a period of one year following the Date of
Termination and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii),
(iii) and (iv) above at the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the
Executive shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in
accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple
shall be two (2). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the
Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 9(b), all
outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to
the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards
substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall
become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) EXCISE TAX.
(i) In the event that any payment or benefit received or to be received by the Executive in connection with a Change of Control or the termination of the Executive's employment (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other plan, arrangement or agreement with the Company, any person whose actions result in a Change of Control or any person affiliated with the Company or such person) (all such payments and benefits being hereinafter called "Total Payments") will be subject (in whole or part) to the excise tax (the "Excise Tax") imposed under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), then, subject to the provisions of Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Company will pay to the Executive an additional amount (the "Gross-Up Payment") such that the net amount retained by the Executive, after deduction of any Excise Tax on the Total Payments and any federal, state and local income tax and Excise Tax upon the payment provided for by this Section 9(c)(i), will be equal to the Total Payments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive will be deemed to pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rate of federal income taxation in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made and state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation in the state and locality of the Executive's residence on such date, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes.
(ii) In the event that, after giving effect to any redeterminations described in Section 9(c)(iv) hereof, a reduction in the Total Payments to the largest amount that would result in no portion of the Total Payments being subject to the Excise Tax (after
taking into account any reduction in the Total Payments provided by reason of Section 280G of the Code in such other plan, arrangement or agreement) would produce a net amount (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax on such reduced Total Payments) that would be greater than the net amount of unreduced Total Payments (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax and the amount of Excise Tax to which the Executive would be subject in respect of such Total Payments), then Section 9(c)(i) hereof will not apply and the Total Payments will be so reduced.
(iii) The determination of whether any of the Total Payments will be subject to the Excise Tax and the amount of such Excise Tax will be made by the Company's independent auditors. The Company will provide the Executive with its calculation of the amounts referred to in this Section 9(c) and such supporting materials as are reasonably necessary for the Executive to evaluate the Company's calculations. If the Executive disputes the Company's calculations (in whole or in part), the reasonable opinion of the Company's independent auditors with respect to the matter in dispute will prevail.
(iv) In the event that (A) the Excise Tax is subsequently
determined to be less than the amount taken into account hereunder at
the time of payment of the Total Payments and (B) after giving effect
to such redetermination, the Total Payments are reduced pursuant to
Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Executive will repay to the Company, at
the time that the amount of such reduction in Excise Tax is finally
determined, the portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to such
reduction (plus that portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to
the Excise Tax and federal, state and local income tax imposed on the
Gross-Up Payment being repaid by the Executive to the extent that such
repayment results in a reduction in the Excise Tax and/or a federal,
state or local income tax deduction) plus interest on the amount of
such repayment at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the
Code. In the event that (X) the Excise Tax is determined to exceed the
amount taken into account hereunder at the time of the termination of
the Executive's employment (including by reason of any payment the
existence or amount of which cannot be determined at the time of the
Gross-Up Payment) and (Y) after giving effect to such redetermination,
the Total Payments are not reduced pursuant to Section 9(c)(ii) hereof,
the Company will make an additional Gross-Up Payment in respect of such
excess and in respect of any portion of the Excise Tax with respect to
which the Company had not previously made a Gross-Up Payment (plus any
interest, penalties or additions payable by the Executive with respect
to such excess and such portion) at the time that the amount of such
excess is finally determined.
(v) The Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of a Gross-Up Payment or might entitle the Company to the refund of all or part of any previous Gross-Up Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) business days after the Executive is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is required to be paid. The Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the thirty (30) day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company. If the Company
notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such
period that it desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (i)
give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company
relating to such claim; (ii) take such action in connection with
contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in
writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting
legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney jointly
selected by the Executive and the Company; (iii) cooperate with the
Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim; and
(iv) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to
such claim. The Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and
expenses (including legal fees and additional interest and penalties)
incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold
the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or
income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto)
imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and
expenses.
(vi) Without limitation on the foregoing, the Company shall control all audits and proceedings taken in connection with any claim, audit or proceeding involving Excise Taxes or Gross-Up Payments and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of any such claim, audit or proceeding and may, at its sole option, either direct the Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the tax in any permissible manner, and the Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the Company directs the Executive to pay such tax and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Executive, on an interest-free basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance. The Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which such a Gross-Up Payment would be payable or refundable hereunder and the Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue.
10. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. The Executive recognizes and acknowledges that the Executive has and will have access to confidential and proprietary information of the Company which constitute valuable, special, and unique assets of the Company. The term "Confidential Information" as used in this Agreement shall mean all information which is known only to the Executive, the Company, other employees of the Company, or others in a confidential relationship with the Company, and relating to the Company's business (including, without limitation, information regarding clients, customers, pricing policies, methods of operation, proprietary company programs, sales, acquisitions, products, profits, costs, conditions (financial or other), cash flows, key personnel, formulae, product applications, technical processes, and trade secrets, as such information may exist from time to time, which the Executive acquired or obtained by virtue of work performed for the Company, or which the Executive may acquire or may have acquired knowledge of during the performance of said work.
The Executive acknowledges that the Company has put in place certain policies and practices to keep such Confidential Information secret, including disclosing the information only on a need-to-know basis. The Executive further acknowledges that the Confidential Information has been developed or acquired by the Company through the expenditure of substantial time, effort, and money and provides the Company with an advantage over competitors who do not know such Confidential Information. Finally, the Executive acknowledges that such Confidential Information, if revealed to or used for the benefit of the Company's competitors or in a manner contrary to the Company's interests, would cause extensive and immeasurable harm to the Company and to the Company's competitive position.
The Executive shall not, during or after the Term or at any time after this Agreement ends, for a period of two (2) years thereafter, use for personal gain or detrimentally to the Company all or any part of the Confidential Information, or disclose or make available all or any part of the Confidential Information to any person, firm, corporation, association, or any other entity for any reason or purpose whatsoever, directly or indirectly, except as may be required pursuant to his employment hereunder, unless and until such Confidential Information becomes publicly available other than as a consequence of the breach by the Executive of his confidentiality obligations hereunder.
The Executive acknowledges that the Confidential Information shall remain at all times the exclusive property of the Company, and no license is granted. In the event of the termination of his employment, whether voluntary or involuntary and whether by the Company or the Executive, or within seven (7) business days of the Company's request under any other circumstances, the Executive shall deliver to the Company all Confidential Information, in any form whatsoever, including electronic formats, and shall not take with him any Confidential Information or any reproductions (in whole or in part) or extracts of any items relating to the Confidential Information. The Company acknowledges that prior to his employment with the Company, the Executive has lawfully acquired extensive knowledge of the industries in which the Company engages in business including, without limitation, markets, valuation methods and techniques, capital markets, investor relationships and similar items, and that the provisions of this Section 10 are not intended to restrict the Executive's use of such previously acquired knowledge.
In the event that the Executive receives a request or is required (by deposition, interrogatory, request for documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar process) to disclose all or any part of the Confidential Information, the Executive agrees to (a) promptly notify the Company of the existence, terms and circumstances surrounding such request or requirement, (b) consult with the Company on the advisability of taking legally available steps to resist or narrow such request or requirement and (c) assist the Company in seeking a protective order or other appropriate remedy; provided, however, that the Executive shall not be required to take any action in violation of applicable laws. In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained or that the Company waives compliance with the provisions hereof, the Executive shall not be liable for such disclosure unless disclosure to any such tribunal was caused by or resulted from a previous disclosure by the Executive not permitted by this Agreement.
11. NON-COMPETITION AND NONSOLICITATION. During the Term and any
Non-Compete Period (hereinafter defined), the Executive will not, directly or
indirectly, either as a principal, agent, employee, employer, stockholder or
partner: (i) engage in any "Competitive Business"; or (ii) employ or solicit the
employment of, or assist others in employing or soliciting the employment of,
any individual employed by the Company at any time while the Executive was also
so employed; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the foregoing shall not prohibit or limit the
Executive's right to pursue and maintain passive investments allowed pursuant to
Section 1(c) hereof.
For purposes of this Section 11, "Competitive Business" means acquiring, investing in or with respect to, owning, leasing, managing or developing hotel properties in the United States or originating or acquiring loans in respect of hotel properties in the United States where the Executive has duties or performs services that are the same or similar to those services actually performed by the Executive for the Company.
For purposes of this Section 11, the "Non-Compete Period" shall mean:
(i) In the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of Disability, or a termination by the Executive without Good Reason (including, without limitation, a resignation by the Executive without Good Reason), at any time prior to the Initial Termination Date, a period during the Term and ending one (1) year after the Date of Termination; and
(ii) in the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of (a) a Change in Control, (b) a termination by the Executive for Good Reason, or (c) a termination by the Company for Cause or without Cause or (d) a termination by the Executive without Good Reason (including an election not to renew this Agreement by the Executive) at any time after the Initial Termination Date, the Non-Compete Period shall only extend through the end of the Term.
The Executive acknowledges that the services provided by the Executive are of a special, unique, and extraordinary nature. The Executive further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company will enhance his value to a Competitive Business, and that the nature of the Confidential Information to which the Executive has immediate access and will continue to have access during the course of his employment makes it difficult, if not impossible, for him to engage in any Competitive Business or work in any capacity similar to the Executive's duties or services with the Company without disclosing or utilizing the Confidential Information. The Executive further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company places him in a position of trust with the Company.
The Executive agrees that restraints imposed upon him pursuant to this
Section are necessary for the reasonable and proper protection of the Company
and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and that each and every one of the
restraints is reasonable in respect to subject matter, length of time and
geographic area. The parties further agree that, in the event that any provision
of this Section shall be determined by any court of competent jurisdiction to be
unenforceable by reason of its being extended over too great a time, too large a
geographic area or too great a
range of activities, such provision shall be deemed to be modified to permit its enforcement to the maximum extent permitted by law.
12. NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent or limit the Executive's continuing or future participation in any plan, program, policy or practice provided by the Company and for which the Executive may qualify, nor shall anything herein limit or otherwise affect such rights as the Executive may have under any contract or agreement with the Company. Amounts which are vested benefits or which the Executive is otherwise entitled to receive under any plan, policy, practice or program of or any contract agreement with the Company at or subsequent to the Date of Termination shall be payable in accordance with such plan, policy, practice or program or contract or agreement except as explicitly modified by this Agreement.
13. FULL SETTLEMENT. The Company's obligation to make the payments
provided for in this Agreement and otherwise to perform its obligations
hereunder shall not be affected by any set-off, counterclaim, recoupment,
defense or other claim, right or action which the Company may have against the
Executive or others. In no event shall the Executive be obligated to seek other
employment or take any other action by way of mitigation of the amounts payable
to the Executive under any of the provisions of this Agreement and except as
expressly provided, such amounts shall not be reduced whether or not the
Executive obtains other employment. The Company agrees to pay as incurred
(within 30 days following the Company's receipt of an invoice from the
Executive), to the full extent permitted by law, all reasonable legal fees and
expenses which the Executive or his beneficiaries may reasonably incur as a
result of any contest (regardless of the outcome thereof) by the Company, the
Executive or others of the validity or enforceability of, or liability under,
any provision of this Agreement or any guarantee of performance thereof
(including as a result of any contest by the Executive or his beneficiaries
about the amount of any payment pursuant to this Agreement), plus in each case
interest on any delayed payment at the applicable Federal rate provided for in
Section 7872(f)(2)(a) of the Code. The preceding sentence shall not apply with
respect to any such contest if the court having jurisdiction over such contest
determines that the Executive's claim in such contest is frivolous or maintained
in bad faith.
14. DISPUTES.
(a) EQUITABLE RELIEF. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that upon any breach by the Executive of his obligations under Sections 10 or 11 hereof, the Company will have no adequate remedy at law, and accordingly will be entitled to specific performance and other appropriate injunctive and equitable relief.
(b) ARBITRATION. Excluding only requests for equitable relief by the Company under Section 14(a) of this Agreement, in the event that there is any claim or dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, and the parties hereto shall not have resolved such claim or dispute within 60 days after written notice from one party to the other setting forth the nature of such claim or dispute, then such claim or dispute shall be settled exclusively by binding arbitration in Dallas, Texas in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association by an arbitrator mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto or, in the absence of such agreement, by an arbitrator selected according to
such Rules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if either the Company or the Executive shall request, such arbitration shall be conducted by a panel of three arbitrators, one selected by the Company, one selected by the Executive and the third selected by agreement of the first two, or, in the absence of such agreement, in accordance with such Rules. Neither party shall have the right to claim or recover punitive damages. Judgment upon the award rendered by such arbitrator(s) shall be entered in any Court having jurisdiction thereof upon the application of either party.
15. INDEMNIFICATION. The Company will indemnify the Executive, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, against all costs, charges and expenses incurred or sustained by the Executive, including the cost of legal counsel selected and retained by the Executive in connection with any action, suit or proceeding to which the Executive may be made a party by reason of the Executive being or having been an officer, director, or employee of the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate of the Company.
16. COOPERATION IN FUTURE MATTERS. The Executive hereby agrees that, for a period of one (1) year following his termination of employment, he shall cooperate with the Company's reasonable requests relating to matters that pertain to the Executive's employment by the Company, including, without limitation, providing information or limited consultation as to such matters, participating in legal proceedings, investigations or audits on behalf of the Company, or otherwise making himself reasonably available to the Company for other related purposes. Any such cooperation shall be performed at times scheduled taking into consideration the Executive's other commitments, including business and family matters, and the Executive shall be compensated at a reasonable hourly or PER DIEM rate to be agreed by the parties to the extent such cooperation is required on more than an occasional and limited basis. The Executive shall not be required to perform such cooperation to the extent it conflicts with any requirements of exclusivity of services for another employer or otherwise, nor in any manner that in the good faith belief of the Executive would conflict with his rights under or ability to enforce this Agreement.
17. GENERAL.
(a) NOTICES. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing or by written telecommunication, and shall be deemed to have been duly given if delivered personally or if sent by overnight courier or by certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid or sent by written telecommunication or telecopy, to the relevant address set forth below, or to such other address as the recipient of such notice or communication shall have specified to the other party hereto in accordance with this Section 17(a).
If to the Company, to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chairman of the Board of Directors with a copy to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chief Legal Officer |
If to the Executive, at his last residence shown on the records of the Company,
Any such notice shall be effective (i) if delivered personally, when received,
(ii) if sent by overnight courier, when receipted for, and (iii) if mailed, two
(2) days after being mailed as described above.
(b) SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any law, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof shall not in any way be affected or impaired.
(c) WAIVERS. No delay or omission by either party hereto in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall impair such right, power or privilege, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.
(d) COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. In making proof of this Agreement, it shall not be necessary to produce or account for more than one such counterpart.
(e) ASSIGNS. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company's successors and the Executive's personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Executive, it being understood and agreed that this is a contract for the Executive's personal services. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Company except in connection with a transaction involving the succession by a third party to all or substantially all of the Company's business and/or assets (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise), in which case such successor shall assume this Agreement and expressly agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform it in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term "Company" shall include any successor to the Company's business and/or assets that executes and delivers the assumption agreement described in the immediately preceding sentence or that becomes bound by this Agreement by operation of law.
(f) ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement contains the entire understanding of the parties, supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral, relating to the subject matter hereof and may not be amended except by a written instrument hereafter signed by the Executive and a duly authorized representative of the Board.
(g) GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement and the performance hereof shall be construed and governed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas, without giving effect
to principles of conflicts of law. Jurisdiction and venue shall be solely in the federal or state courts of Dallas County, Texas. This provision should not be read as a waiver of any right to removal to federal court in Dallas County.
(h) CONSTRUCTION. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rule of strict construction will be applied against any party. The headings of sections of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect its meaning or construction.
(i) PAYMENTS AND EXERCISE OF RIGHTS AFTER DEATH. Any amounts due hereunder after the Executive's death shall be paid to the Executive's designated beneficiary or beneficiaries, whether received as a designated beneficiary or by will or the laws of descent and distribution. The Executive may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries for all purposes of this Agreement, and may change at any time such designation, by notice to the Company making specific reference to this Agreement. If no designated beneficiary survives the Executive or the Executive fails to designate a beneficiary for purposes of this Agreement prior to his death, all amounts thereafter due hereunder shall be paid, as and when payable, to his spouse, if she survives the Executive, and otherwise to his estate.
(j) CONSULTATION WITH COUNSEL. The Executive acknowledges that he has had a full and complete opportunity to consult with counsel or other advisers of his own choosing concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement, and that the Company has not made any representations or warranties to the Executive concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement other than as are reflected in this Agreement.
(k) WITHHOLDING. Any payments provided for in this Agreement shall be paid net of any applicable tax withholding required under federal, state or local law.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed under seal as of the date first above written.
REIT:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
OPERATING PARTNERSHIP:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
By: Ashford OP General Partner, LLC
EXECUTIVE:
EXHIBIT "A"
RELEASE AND WAIVER
THIS RELEASE AND WAIVER (the "Termination Release") is made as of the _____ day of ___________, 2003 by DOUGLAS KESSLER (the "Executive").
WHEREAS, the Executive, Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the "REIT"), and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership") have entered into an Employment Agreement (the "Agreement") dated as of ________________, 2003 and providing certain compensation and severance amounts upon the Executive's termination of employment; and
WHEREAS, the Executive has agreed, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, to execute a release and waiver in the form set forth in this Termination Release in consideration of the REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") agreement to provide the compensation and severance amounts upon the Executive's termination of employment set out in the Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive desire to settle all rights, duties and obligations between them, including without limitation all such rights, duties, and obligations arising under the Agreement or otherwise out of the Executive's employment by the Company;
NOW THEREFORE, intending to be legally bound and for good and valid consideration the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Executive agrees as follows:
1. RELEASE. (a) The Executive knowingly and voluntarily releases,
acquits, covenants not to sue and forever discharges the Company, and its
respective owners, parents, stockholders, predecessors, successors, assigns,
agents, directors, officers, employees, representatives, divisions and
subsidiaries (collectively, the "Releasees") from any and all charges,
complaints, claims, liabilities, obligations, promises, agreements, damages,
causes of action, suits, rights, costs, losses, debts and expenses of any nature
whatsoever, known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, foreseen or unforeseen,
matured or unmatured, against them which the Executive or any of his heirs,
executors, administrators, successors and assigns ever had, now has or at any
time hereafter may have, own or hold by reason of any matter, fact, or cause
whatsoever from the beginning of time up to and including the date of this
Termination Release, including without limitation all claims arising under the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Family and Medical Leave Act of
1993, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Texas Labor Code
Section 21.001, et seq. (Texas Employment Discrimination); Texas Labor Code
Section 61.001, et seq. (Texas Pay Day Act); Texas Labor Code Section 62.002, et
seq. (Texas Minimum Wage Act); Texas Labor Code Section 201.001, et seq. (Texas
Unemployment Compensation Act); Texas Labor Code Section 401.001, et seq.,
specifically Section 451.001 formerly codified as Article 8307c of the Revised
Civil Statutes (Texas Workers' Compensation Act and Discrimination Issues); and
Texas Genetic Information and Testing Law, each as amended, or any other
federal, state or local laws, rules, regulations, judicial decisions or public
policies now or hereafter recognized.
(a) The Executive represents that he has not filed or permitted to be filed against the Releasee, any complaints, charges or lawsuits and covenants and agrees that he will not seek or be entitled to any personal recovery in any court or before any governmental agency, arbitrator or self-regulatory body against any of the Releasees arising out of any matters set forth in Section 1(a) hereof. Nothing herein shall prevent the Executive from seeking to enforce his rights under the Agreement. The Executive does not hereby waive or release his rights to any benefits under the Company's employee benefit plans to which he is or will be entitled pursuant to the terms of such plans in the ordinary course.
2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. The Company has advised the Executive to consult with an attorney of his choosing prior to signing this Termination Release and the Executive hereby represents to the Company that he has been offered an opportunity to consult with an attorney prior to signing this Termination Release. The Company has also advised the Executive that Executive has up to twenty-one days to consider and sign the Release and Waiver and up to seven days after signing in which to revoke acceptance by giving notice to ______________________________ at __________________ by personal delivery or by mail postmarked no later than the seventh day after the Executive signs the Release and Waiver.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Executive has executed this Termination Release under seal as of the day and year first above written.
EXHIBIT 10.7
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the "Agreement"), dated as of ___________, 2003, is between ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Maryland and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (hereinafter, the "REIT"), ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a limited partnership organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (the Operating Partnership"), and DAVID BROOKS, an individual residing in Dallas, Texas (the "Executive").
RECITALS:
A. The REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") desire to employ the Executive in the capacities and on the terms and conditions set out below; and
B. The Executive desires to accept such employment with the Company, on the terms and conditions set forth below.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Executive, in consideration of the respective covenants set out below, hereby agree as follows:
1. EMPLOYMENT.
(a) POSITIONS. During the Term (defined below), the Executive shall be employed by the Company as Chief Legal Officer and Secretary. At the Company's request, the Executive shall serve the Company's subsidiaries and affiliates in other offices and capacities in addition to the foregoing. If the Executive, during the Term, serves in any one or more of such additional capacities, the Executive's compensation shall not be increased beyond that provided in Sections 3, 4 or 5 below. Further, if the Executive's service in one or more of such additional capacities is terminated, the Executive's compensation provided herein shall not be reduced for so long as the Executive otherwise remains employed by the Company under the terms of this Agreement.
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES. The Executive's principal employment duties and responsibilities shall be those duties and responsibilities customary for the positions of Chief Legal Officer and Secretary and such other executive duties and responsibilities as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company ("CEO") or Board of Directors of the REIT (the "Board") shall from time to time reasonably assign to the Executive. The Executive shall report directly to the CEO or such person(s) as the CEO may designate from time to time.
(c) EXTENT OF SERVICES. Except for illnesses and vacation periods, the Executive shall devote substantially all of his working time and attention and his best efforts to the performance of his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement and shall not be otherwise employed. However, the Executive may (so long as the following do not materially interfere with the performance of the Executive's duties hereunder) (i) make any passive investments (including, without limitation, continuing existing investments with Remington Hotel Corporation or its affiliates) where he is not obligated or required to, and shall not in fact, devote material managerial efforts, (ii) participate in charitable, academic or community
activities or in trade or professional organizations, (iii) hold directorships in charitable or non-profit organizations, or (iv) subject to CEO and Board approval (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or withdrawn), hold directorships in for profit companies, except only that the CEO or the Board shall have the right to limit such services as a director or such participation whenever the CEO or the Board shall reasonably believe that the time spent on such activities infringes in any material respect upon the time required by the Executive for the performance of his duties under this Agreement or is otherwise incompatible with those duties.
2. TERM. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock (the "Effective Date") and shall continue for a Term ending on December 31, 2006 (the "Initial Termination Date") unless it is sooner terminated pursuant to Section 7; provided, however, that this Agreement shall be automatically extended for one additional year on the Initial Termination Date and on each subsequent anniversary of the Initial Termination Date, unless either the Company or the Executive elect not to extend the Term of this Agreement by notifying the other party in writing of such election not less than one hundred eighty (180) days prior to the expiration of the then current Term. For purposes of this Agreement, "Term" shall mean the actual duration of the Executive's employment hereunder, taking into account any extension pursuant to this Section 2 or early termination of employment pursuant to Section 7.
3. SALARY. The Company shall pay the Executive a Base Salary which shall be payable in periodic installments, less statutory deductions and withholdings, according to the Company's normal payroll practices. Commencing as of the Effective Date, the Executive's base salary shall be TWO HUNDRED SIXTY THOUSAND Dollars ($260,000) per year. The Board or a Compensation Committee duly appointed by the Board (the "Compensation Committee") shall thereafter review the Executive's Base Salary annually to determine within its sole discretion whether and to what extent the Executive's salary may be increased (for the purposes of this Agreement, the term "Base Salary" shall mean the amount established and adjusted from time to time pursuant to this Section 3).
4. INITIAL RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD. Effective upon execution of this Agreement, the Company shall grant to the Executive, within thirty (30) days after the Effective Date, a restricted stock award of 0.12% of the fully-diluted shares of the common stock outstanding on the forty-fifth (45th) day after closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock, excluding shares issued to the underwriters as compensation to the underwriters. Such stock shall be subject to restrictions on transfer by the Executive and repurchase by the Company such that the Executive shall not be permitted to transfer such shares (other than succession by will or by operation of laws of descent and distribution) and the Company shall have the right to repurchase or recover such shares for the amount of cash paid therefor, if any, if the Executive shall terminate employment from the Company, provided that such transfer and repurchase restrictions shall lapse with respect to 33.33% of such initial shares on the one-year anniversary date of the issuance of the shares and on each subsequent anniversary of the issuance of the shares that the Executive shall remain continuously as an employee of the Company as of such date.
5. ANNUAL INCENTIVE AWARDS.
(a) INCENTIVE BONUS. The Executive shall be entitled to receive an annual cash incentive bonus (the "Incentive Bonus") for each calendar year, during the Term of this Agreement based on the level of accomplishment of management and performance objectives as established by the Board or Compensation Committee. Except as otherwise provided in Section 8, if the Executive is not employed for the full calendar year, the Executive shall be paid a pro-rated Incentive Bonus in an amount equal to the product of (x) the amount of the Incentive Bonus for the calendar year to which the Executive would have been entitled if the Executive had remained employed for the entire calendar year and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the applicable calendar year for which the Executive was employed through the last day of his employment and the denominator of which is the 365 days of the calendar year. The minimum Incentive Bonus for the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date shall be not less than 30% of Base Salary, and the maximum Incentive Bonus amount shall be 90% of Base Salary. The Incentive Bonus shall be paid as soon as reasonably practical following each calendar year.
(b) INCENTIVE, SAVINGS AND RETIREMENT PLANS. During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to participate in all other incentive plans, stock and option plans, practices, policies and other programs, and all savings and retirement plans, practices, polices and programs, in each case that are applicable generally to senior executives of the Company, as may be adopted, from time to time, by the Company's Compensation Committee.
6. BENEFITS.
(a) VACATION. The Executive will be entitled to four (4) weeks of paid vacation per calendar year. Vacation time not used within the calendar year will not carry forward. The Executive shall not be entitled to cash in lieu of any unused vacation time except as provided herein.
(b) SICK LEAVE. The Executive shall be entitled to paid sick leave in accordance with the sick leave policies of the Company in effect for other senior executive officers.
(c) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS. The Executive and his spouse and eligible dependents, if any, and their respective designated beneficiaries where applicable, will be eligible for and entitled to participate in other benefits maintained by the Company for its senior executive officers, as such benefits may be modified from time to time and for all such employees, such as, without limitation, any medical, dental, pension, 401(k), accident, disability, and life insurance benefits, on a basis not less favorable than that applicable to other executives of the Company. The Executive will also be entitled to appropriate office space, administrative support, secretarial assistance, and such other facilities and services as are suitable to the Executive's positions and adequate for the performance of the Executive's duties.
(d) EXPENSES. The Executive will be entitled to reimbursement of all reasonable expenses, in accordance with the Company's policy as in effect from time to time and on a basis not less favorable than that applicable to other executives of the Company, including, without limitation, telephone, travel and entertainment expenses incurred by the Executive in connection
with the business of the Company, promptly upon the presentation by the Executive of appropriate documentation.
(e) D&O INSURANCE COVERAGE. During and for a period three (3) years after the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to director and officer insurance coverage for his acts and omissions while an officer and director of the Company on a basis no less favorable to him than the coverage provided current officers or directors.
7. TERMINATION. The employment of the Executive by the Company and this Agreement (except as otherwise provided herein) shall terminate upon the occurrence of any of the following:
(a) DEATH OR DISABILITY. Immediately upon death or Disability of the Executive. As used in this Agreement, "Disability" shall mean an inability to perform the essential functions of his duties, with or without reasonable accommodation, for a period of 90 consecutive days or a total of 180 days, during any 365-day period, in either case as a result of incapacity due to mental or physical illness which is determined to be total and permanent. A determination of Disability shall be made by a physician satisfactory to both the Executive (or his guardian) and the Company, provided that if the Executive and the Company do not agree on a physician, the Executive (or his guardian) and the Company shall each select a physician and these two together shall select a third physician, whose determination as to Disability shall be binding on all parties. The appointment of one or more individuals to carry out the offices or duties of the Executive during a period of the Executive's inability to perform such duties and pending a determination of Disability shall not be considered a breach of this Agreement by the Company.
(b) FOR CAUSE. At the election of the Company, for Cause, immediately upon written notice by the Company to the Executive unless the Executive fully corrects the circumstances constituting Cause within the cure periods provided below, if applicable. For purposes of this Agreement, "Cause" for termination shall be deemed to exist solely in the event of the following:
(i) The conviction of the Executive of, or the entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the Executive to, a felony (exclusive of a conviction, plea of guilty or nolo contendere arising solely under a statutory provision imposing criminal liability upon the Executive on a PER SE basis due to the Company offices held by the Executive, so long as any act or omission of the Executive with respect to such matter was not taken or omitted in contravention of any applicable policy or directive of the CEO or the Board);
(ii) willful breach of duty of loyalty which is materially detrimental to the Company which is not cured to the reasonable satisfaction of the CEO or the Board within fifteen (15) days following written warning to the Executive from the CEO or the Board describing the alleged circumstances provided that if there is an inconsistency in directives given by the Board as compared to a directive from the CEO, the Board directives shall control;
(iii) willful failure to perform or adhere to explicitly stated duties or guidelines of employment or to follow the directives of the CEO which continues for fifteen (15) days after written warning to the Executive that it will be deemed a basis for a "For Cause" termination;
(iv) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the Executive's duties (which is not cured by the Executive within 30 days after written warning from the CEO);
(v) the Executive's willful commission of an act of dishonesty resulting in economic or financial injury to the Company or willful commission of fraud; or
(vi) the Executive's chronic absence from work for reasons other than illness.
For purposes of this Section, no act, or failure to act, on the Executive's part will be deemed "willful" unless done, or omitted to be done, by the Executive not in good faith and without a reasonable belief that the Executive's act, or failure to act, was in the best interest of the Company. Any act, or failure to act, based upon authority given pursuant to a resolution duly adopted by the Board, a directive of the CEO, or based upon the advise of counsel for the Company shall be conclusively presumed to be done, or omitted to be done, by the Executive in good faith and in the best interests of the Company.
(c) WITHOUT CAUSE OR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Company,
without Cause, and at the election of the Executive, without Good Reason, in
either case upon sixty (60) days' prior written notice to the Executive or to
the Company, as the case may be. Provided, however, that if the Executive gives
notice, without Good Reason, the Company may waive all or a portion of the sixty
(60) days' written notice and accelerate the effective date of the termination.
(d) FOR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Executive, for Good Reason, which is not cured by the Company within thirty (30) days after written notice from the Executive to the Company setting forth a description of the circumstances constituting Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, "Good Reason" shall mean any of the following actions, omissions or events occurring without the Executive's prior written consent:
(i) The assignment to the Executive of any duties, responsibilities, or reporting requirements inconsistent with his positions as Chief Legal Officer and Secretary of the Company, or any material diminishment, on a cumulative basis, of the Executive's overall duties, responsibilities, or status;
(ii) a reduction by the Company in the Executive's annual Base Salary;
(iii) the failure by the Company to honor the minimum Incentive Bonus or to honor the initial restricted stock award referenced in Sections 4 and 5 hereof, unless equitable alternative compensation arrangements (embodied in ongoing substitute or alternative plans) have been provided for the Executive;
(iv) the requirement by the Company that the principal place of business at which the Executive performs his duties be changed to a location outside the greater Dallas metropolitan area; or
(v) any material breach by the Company of any provision of this Agreement.
(e) NOTICE OF TERMINATION. Any termination by the Company for Cause, or by the Executive for Good Reason, shall be communicated by Notice of Termination to the other parties hereto given in accordance with Section 17(a) of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Notice of Termination" means a written notice which (i) indicates the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon, (ii) to the extent applicable, sets forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of the Executive's employment under the provision so indicated, and (iii) if the Date of Termination (as defined below) is other than the date of receipt of such notice, specifies the termination date (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the giving of the notice). The failure by the Executive or the Company to set forth in the Notice of Termination any fact or circumstance which contributes to a showing of Good Reason or Cause shall not waive any right of the Executive of the Company, respectively, hereunder or preclude the Executive or the Company, respectively, from asserting such fact or circumstance in enforcing the Executive's or the Company's rights hereunder.
(f) DATE OF TERMINATION. "Date of Termination" means (i) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, or by the Executive for Good Reason, the date of receipt of the Notice of Termination or any later date specified in the notice (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the giving of the notice), as the case may be, (ii) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company other than for Cause or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Company notifies the Executive of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, (iii) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Executive without Good Reason, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Executive notifies the Company of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, unless otherwise agreed by the Company and the Executive, and (iv) if the Executive's employment is terminated by reason of death or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date of death or Disability of the Executive, as the case may be.
8. EFFECTS OF TERMINATION.
(a) TERMINATION FOR DEATH OR DISABILITY; BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE AFTER INITIAL TERM; OR NON-RENEWAL BY THE COMPANY. If the employment of the Executive should terminate by reason of (i) death of the Executive or Disability, (ii) termination by the Company for any reason (other than Cause) after the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date, or (iii) the Company's failure to renew this Agreement at the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date or any time thereafter, then all compensation and benefits for the Executive shall be as follows:
(i) The Executive shall be paid, in a single lump sum payment within thirty (30) days after the Date of Termination, the aggregate amount of (A) the Executive's earned but unpaid Base Salary through the Date of Termination, and any Incentive Bonus
required to be paid to the Executive pursuant to Section 5(a) above for the prior calendar year to the extent not previously paid, and reimbursement of all expenses through the Date of Termination as required pursuant to Section 6(d) hereof (the "Accrued Obligations"), and (B) one (the "Severance Multiple") times the sum of (x) the Base Salary in effect on the Termination Date plus (y) the average Incentive Bonus received by the Executive for the three complete calendar years (or such lesser number of calendar years as the Executive has been employed by the Company) immediately prior to the Termination Date (the "Severance Payment").
(ii) At the time when incentive bonuses are paid to the Company's other senior executives for the calendar year of the Company in which the Date of Termination occurs, the Executive shall be paid a pro-rated Incentive Bonus in an amount equal to the product of (x) the amount of the Incentive Bonus to which the Executive would have been entitled if the Executive's employment had not been terminated, and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the applicable calendar year for which the Executive was employed through the Date of Termination and the denominator of which is the total 365 days of the calendar year (a "Pro-Rated Bonus").
(iii) The Company will allow the Executive and his dependents, at
the Company's cost, to continue to participate for a period of twelve
(12) months following the Date of Termination in any and all of the
employee welfare benefit plans of the Company in which the Executive
was entitled to participate immediately prior to his termination, to
the same extent and upon the same terms as the Executive participated
in such plans prior to his termination (the "Other Benefits");
PROVIDED, that the Executive's continued participation is permissible
under the general terms and provisions of such plans. To the extent
that continued participation is not permissible, the Company shall take
such actions as may be necessary to provide the Executive with
substantially comparable benefits (without additional cost to the
Executive) outside the scope of such plans. If the Executive engages in
regular employment after his termination of employment with any
organization, any employee welfare benefits received by the Executive
in consideration of such employment which are similar in nature to the
employee welfare benefits provided by the Company will relieve the
Company of its obligation under this Section 8(a)(iii) to provide
comparable benefits to the extent of the benefits so received.
(iv) The Executive's restricted shares awarded under Section 4 hereof shall immediately vest, and any annual performance shares or options awarded under Section 5(b) hereof shall immediately vest. Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 8(a), all outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(b) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE DURING INITIAL TERM OR BY THE EXECUTIVE WITH GOOD REASON. In the event that the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other than Cause before the Initial
Termination Date, or by the Executive with Good Reason, the Company will pay the
Executive the same Accrued Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus, employee welfare
benefits and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i) (ii),
(iii) and (iv) above at the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the
Executive shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in
accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple
shall be two (2). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the
Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 8(b), all
outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to
the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards
substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall
become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) TERMINATION BY EXECUTIVE WITHOUT GOOD REASON. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Executive without Good Reason including a resignation by the Executive without Good Reason and including an election not to renew this Agreement by the Executive, the Company will pay the Executive the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Executive shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment, Pro-rated Bonus, the Other Benefits and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) hereof; provided, however, if such termination under this Section 8(c) occurs prior to the Initial Termination Date, then the Company will allow the Executive and his dependents, at the Company's cost, during the Non-Compete Period, to continue to participate in any and all of the employee welfare benefit plans of the Company in which the Executive was entitled to participate immediately prior to his termination, to the same extent and upon the same terms as the Executive participated in such plans prior to his termination as allowed under the general terms and provisions of such plans. HOWEVER, if the Executive is re-employed after his termination of employment with any organization, any employee welfare benefits received by the Executive in consideration of such employment which are similar in nature to the employee welfare benefits provided by the Company will relieve the Company of its obligation under this Section 8(c) to provide comparable benefits to the extent of the benefits so received. In addition, in consideration for the Executive's agreement for honoring the non-compete and non-solicitation covenants in Section 11 hereof for a period of one (1) year following the Date of Termination resulting from this Section 8(c) if such termination occurs prior to the Initial Termination Date, the Company shall pay the Executive a non-compete payment (the "Non-Compete Payment") equal to the Severance Payment determined with a Severance Multiple equal to one (1). The Non-Compete Payment shall be paid monthly over the one-year non-compete period in equal monthly installments of one-twelfth (1/12th) of the Non-Compete Payment. If, however, a termination under this Section 8(c) occurs after the Initial Termination Date, then the Executive shall not be entitled to the Non-Compete Payment and the Executive shall not be bound to the non-compete covenants of Section 11 hereof but only to the covenants of confidentiality set forth in Section 10 hereof.
(d) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY FOR CAUSE. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, the Company will pay the Executive the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Executive shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment, Pro-Rated Bonus, the Other Benefits and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) hereof.
(e) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY. Immediately upon the Date of Termination or upon the expiration of this Agreement, notwithstanding anything else to the contrary contained herein or otherwise, the Executive will stop serving the functions of his terminated or expired positions, and shall be without any of the authority or responsibility for such positions.
(f) RELEASE OF CLAIMS. As conditions of Executive's entitlement to the Severance Payment, Non-Compete Payment and benefits provided by this Agreement, the Executive shall be required to execute and honor the terms of a waiver and release of claims against the Company substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit "A" (as may be modified consistent with the purposes of such waiver and release to reflect changes in law following the date hereof).
9. CHANGE OF CONTROL.
(a) CHANGE OF CONTROL. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Change of Control" will be deemed to have taken place upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
(i) any "person" (as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and as modified in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) other than (A) the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (B) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (C) any Remington Affiliate, (D) a company owned, directly or indirectly, by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company, or (E) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities, becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 30% or more of the shares of voting stock of the Company then outstanding;
(ii) the consummation of any merger, organization, business combination or consolidation of the Company or one of its subsidiaries with or into any other company, other than a merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation which would result in the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto holding securities which represent immediately after such merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or the surviving company or the parent of such surviving company;
(iii) the consummation of the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company's assets, other than a sale or disposition if the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto hold securities immediately thereafter which represent more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the acquiror, or parent of the acquiror, of such assets; or the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
(iv) individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the "Incumbent Board") cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;
provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election to the Board was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the Board.
(b) CERTAIN BENEFITS UPON A CHANGE OF CONTROL. If a Change in Control
occurs during the Term and the Executive's employment is terminated by the
Company without Cause or by the Executive for any reason on or before the one
(1) year anniversary of the effective date of the Change in Control, then the
Executive shall be entitled to the Accrued Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus,
employee welfare benefits for a period of one year following the Date of
Termination and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii),
(iii) and (iv) above at the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the
Executive shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in
accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple
shall be two (2). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the
Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 9(b), all
outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to
the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards
substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall
become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) EXCISE TAX.
(i) In the event that any payment or benefit received or to be received by the Executive in connection with a Change of Control or the termination of the Executive's employment (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other plan, arrangement or agreement with the Company, any person whose actions result in a Change of Control or any person affiliated with the Company or such person) (all such payments and benefits being hereinafter called "Total Payments") will be subject (in whole or part) to the excise tax (the "Excise Tax") imposed under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), then, subject to the provisions of Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Company will pay to the Executive an additional amount (the "Gross-Up Payment") such that the net amount retained by the Executive, after deduction of any Excise Tax on the Total Payments and any federal, state and local income tax and Excise Tax upon the payment provided for by this Section 9(c)(i), will be equal to the Total Payments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive will be deemed to pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rate of federal income taxation in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made and state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation in the state and locality of the Executive's residence on such date, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes.
(ii) In the event that, after giving effect to any redeterminations described in Section 9(c)(iv) hereof, a reduction in the Total Payments to the largest amount that would result in no portion of the Total Payments being subject to the Excise Tax (after
taking into account any reduction in the Total Payments provided by reason of Section 280G of the Code in such other plan, arrangement or agreement) would produce a net amount (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax on such reduced Total Payments) that would be greater than the net amount of unreduced Total Payments (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax and the amount of Excise Tax to which the Executive would be subject in respect of such Total Payments), then Section 9(c)(i) hereof will not apply and the Total Payments will be so reduced.
(iii) The determination of whether any of the Total Payments will
be subject to the Excise Tax and the amount of such Excise Tax will be
made by the Company's independent auditors. The Company will provide
the Executive with its calculation of the amounts referred to in this
Section 9(c) and such supporting materials as are reasonably necessary
for the Executive to evaluate the Company's calculations. If the
Executive disputes the Company's calculations (in whole or in part),
the reasonable opinion of the Company's independent auditors with
respect to the matter in dispute will prevail.
(iv) In the event that (A) the Excise Tax is subsequently
determined to be less than the amount taken into account hereunder at
the time of payment of the Total Payments and (B) after giving effect
to such redetermination, the Total Payments are reduced pursuant to
Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Executive will repay to the Company, at
the time that the amount of such reduction in Excise Tax is finally
determined, the portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to such
reduction (plus that portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to
the Excise Tax and federal, state and local income tax imposed on the
Gross-Up Payment being repaid by the Executive to the extent that such
repayment results in a reduction in the Excise Tax and/or a federal,
state or local income tax deduction) plus interest on the amount of
such repayment at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the
Code. In the event that (X) the Excise Tax is determined to exceed the
amount taken into account hereunder at the time of the termination of
the Executive's employment (including by reason of any payment the
existence or amount of which cannot be determined at the time of the
Gross-Up Payment) and (Y) after giving effect to such redetermination,
the Total Payments are not reduced pursuant to Section 9(c)(ii) hereof,
the Company will make an additional Gross-Up Payment in respect of such
excess and in respect of any portion of the Excise Tax with respect to
which the Company had not previously made a Gross-Up Payment (plus any
interest, penalties or additions payable by the Executive with respect
to such excess and such portion) at the time that the amount of such
excess is finally determined.
(v) The Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of a Gross-Up Payment or might entitle the Company to the refund of all or part of any previous Gross-Up Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) business days after the Executive is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is required to be paid. The Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the thirty (30) day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company. If the Company
notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such
period that it desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (i)
give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company
relating to such claim; (ii) take such action in connection with
contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in
writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting
legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney jointly
selected by the Executive and the Company; (iii) cooperate with the
Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim; and
(iv) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to
such claim. The Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and
expenses (including legal fees and additional interest and penalties)
incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold
the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or
income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto)
imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and
expenses.
(vi) Without limitation on the foregoing, the Company shall control all audits and proceedings taken in connection with any claim, audit or proceeding involving Excise Taxes or Gross-Up Payments and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of any such claim, audit or proceeding and may, at its sole option, either direct the Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the tax in any permissible manner, and the Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the Company directs the Executive to pay such tax and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Executive, on an interest-free basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance. The Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which such a Gross-Up Payment would be payable or refundable hereunder and the Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue.
10. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. The Executive recognizes and acknowledges that the Executive has and will have access to confidential and proprietary information of the Company which constitute valuable, special, and unique assets of the Company. The term "Confidential Information" as used in this Agreement shall mean all information which is known only to the Executive, the Company, other employees of the Company, or others in a confidential relationship with the Company, and relating to the Company's business (including, without limitation, information regarding clients, customers, pricing policies, methods of operation, proprietary company programs, sales, acquisitions, products, profits, costs, conditions (financial or other), cash flows, key personnel, formulae, product applications, technical processes, and trade secrets, as such information may exist from time to time, which the Executive acquired or obtained by virtue of work performed for the Company, or which the Executive may acquire or may have acquired knowledge of during the performance of said work.
The Executive acknowledges that the Company has put in place certain policies and practices to keep such Confidential Information secret, including disclosing the information only on a need-to-know basis. The Executive further acknowledges that the Confidential Information has been developed or acquired by the Company through the expenditure of substantial time, effort, and money and provides the Company with an advantage over competitors who do not know such Confidential Information. Finally, the Executive acknowledges that such Confidential Information, if revealed to or used for the benefit of the Company's competitors or in a manner contrary to the Company's interests, would cause extensive and immeasurable harm to the Company and to the Company's competitive position.
The Executive shall not, during or after the Term or at any time after this Agreement ends, for a period of two (2) years thereafter, use for personal gain or detrimentally to the Company all or any part of the Confidential Information, or disclose or make available all or any part of the Confidential Information to any person, firm, corporation, association, or any other entity for any reason or purpose whatsoever, directly or indirectly, except as may be required pursuant to his employment hereunder, unless and until such Confidential Information becomes publicly available other than as a consequence of the breach by the Executive of his confidentiality obligations hereunder.
The Executive acknowledges that the Confidential Information shall remain at all times the exclusive property of the Company, and no license is granted. In the event of the termination of his employment, whether voluntary or involuntary and whether by the Company or the Executive, or within seven (7) business days of the Company's request under any other circumstances, the Executive shall deliver to the Company all Confidential Information, in any form whatsoever, including electronic formats, and shall not take with him any Confidential Information or any reproductions (in whole or in part) or extracts of any items relating to the Confidential Information. The Company acknowledges that prior to his employment with the Company, the Executive has lawfully acquired extensive knowledge of the industries in which the Company engages in business including, without limitation, markets, valuation methods and techniques, capital markets, investor relationships and similar items, and that the provisions of this Section 10 are not intended to restrict the Executive's use of such previously acquired knowledge.
In the event that the Executive receives a request or is required (by deposition, interrogatory, request for documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar process) to disclose all or any part of the Confidential Information, the Executive agrees to (a) promptly notify the Company of the existence, terms and circumstances surrounding such request or requirement, (b) consult with the Company on the advisability of taking legally available steps to resist or narrow such request or requirement and (c) assist the Company in seeking a protective order or other appropriate remedy; provided, however, that the Executive shall not be required to take any action in violation of applicable laws. In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained or that the Company waives compliance with the provisions hereof, the Executive shall not be liable for such disclosure unless disclosure to any such tribunal was caused by or resulted from a previous disclosure by the Executive not permitted by this Agreement.
11. NON-COMPETITION AND NONSOLICITATION. During the Term and any
Non-Compete Period (hereinafter defined), the Executive will not, directly or
indirectly, either as a principal, agent, employee, employer, stockholder or
partner: (i) engage in any "Competitive Business"; or (ii) employ or solicit the
employment of, or assist others in employing or soliciting the employment of,
any individual employed by the Company at any time while the Executive was also
so employed; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the foregoing shall not prohibit or limit the
Executive's right to pursue and maintain passive investments allowed pursuant to
Section 1(c) hereof.
For purposes of this Section 11, "Competitive Business" means acquiring, investing in or with respect to, owning, leasing, managing or developing hotel properties in the United States or originating or acquiring loans in respect of hotel properties in the United States where the Executive has duties or performs services that are the same or similar to those services actually performed by the Executive for the Company.
For purposes of this Section 11, the "Non-Compete Period" shall mean:
(i) In the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of Disability, or a termination by the Executive without Good Reason (including, without limitation, a resignation by the Executive without Good Reason), at any time prior to the Initial Termination Date, a period during the Term and ending one (1) year after the Date of Termination; and
(ii) in the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of (a) a Change in Control, (b) a termination by the Executive for Good Reason, or (c) a termination by the Company for Cause or without Cause or (d) a termination by the Executive without Good Reason (including an election not to renew this Agreement by the Executive) at any time after the Initial Termination Date, the Non-Compete Period shall only extend through the end of the Term.
The Executive acknowledges that the services provided by the Executive are of a special, unique, and extraordinary nature. The Executive further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company will enhance his value to a Competitive Business, and that the nature of the Confidential Information to which the Executive has immediate access and will continue to have access during the course of his employment makes it difficult, if not impossible, for him to engage in any Competitive Business or work in any capacity similar to the Executive's duties or services with the Company without disclosing or utilizing the Confidential Information. The Executive further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company places him in a position of trust with the Company.
The Executive agrees that restraints imposed upon him pursuant to this
Section are necessary for the reasonable and proper protection of the Company
and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and that each and every one of the
restraints is reasonable in respect to subject matter, length of time and
geographic area. The parties further agree that, in the event that any provision
of this Section shall be determined by any court of competent jurisdiction to be
unenforceable by reason of its being extended over too great a time, too large a
geographic area or too great a
range of activities, such provision shall be deemed to be modified to permit its enforcement to the maximum extent permitted by law.
12. NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent or limit the Executive's continuing or future participation in any plan, program, policy or practice provided by the Company and for which the Executive may qualify, nor shall anything herein limit or otherwise affect such rights as the Executive may have under any contract or agreement with the Company. Amounts which are vested benefits or which the Executive is otherwise entitled to receive under any plan, policy, practice or program of or any contract agreement with the Company at or subsequent to the Date of Termination shall be payable in accordance with such plan, policy, practice or program or contract or agreement except as explicitly modified by this Agreement.
13. FULL SETTLEMENT. The Company's obligation to make the payments
provided for in this Agreement and otherwise to perform its obligations
hereunder shall not be affected by any set-off, counterclaim, recoupment,
defense or other claim, right or action which the Company may have against the
Executive or others. In no event shall the Executive be obligated to seek other
employment or take any other action by way of mitigation of the amounts payable
to the Executive under any of the provisions of this Agreement and except as
expressly provided, such amounts shall not be reduced whether or not the
Executive obtains other employment. The Company agrees to pay as incurred
(within 30 days following the Company's receipt of an invoice from the
Executive), to the full extent permitted by law, all reasonable legal fees and
expenses which the Executive or his beneficiaries may reasonably incur as a
result of any contest (regardless of the outcome thereof) by the Company, the
Executive or others of the validity or enforceability of, or liability under,
any provision of this Agreement or any guarantee of performance thereof
(including as a result of any contest by the Executive or his beneficiaries
about the amount of any payment pursuant to this Agreement), plus in each case
interest on any delayed payment at the applicable Federal rate provided for in
Section 7872(f)(2)(a) of the Code. The preceding sentence shall not apply with
respect to any such contest if the court having jurisdiction over such contest
determines that the Executive's claim in such contest is frivolous or maintained
in bad faith.
14. DISPUTES.
(a) EQUITABLE RELIEF. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that upon any breach by the Executive of his obligations under Sections 10 or 11 hereof, the Company will have no adequate remedy at law, and accordingly will be entitled to specific performance and other appropriate injunctive and equitable relief.
(b) ARBITRATION. Excluding only requests for equitable relief by the Company under Section 14(a) of this Agreement, in the event that there is any claim or dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, and the parties hereto shall not have resolved such claim or dispute within 60 days after written notice from one party to the other setting forth the nature of such claim or dispute, then such claim or dispute shall be settled exclusively by binding arbitration in Dallas, Texas in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association by an arbitrator mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto or, in the absence of such agreement, by an arbitrator selected according to
such Rules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if either the Company or the Executive shall request, such arbitration shall be conducted by a panel of three arbitrators, one selected by the Company, one selected by the Executive and the third selected by agreement of the first two, or, in the absence of such agreement, in accordance with such Rules. Neither party shall have the right to claim or recover punitive damages. Judgment upon the award rendered by such arbitrator(s) shall be entered in any Court having jurisdiction thereof upon the application of either party.
15. INDEMNIFICATION. The Company will indemnify the Executive, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, against all costs, charges and expenses incurred or sustained by the Executive, including the cost of legal counsel selected and retained by the Executive in connection with any action, suit or proceeding to which the Executive may be made a party by reason of the Executive being or having been an officer, director, or employee of the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate of the Company.
16. COOPERATION IN FUTURE MATTERS. The Executive hereby agrees that, for a period of one (1) year following his termination of employment, he shall cooperate with the Company's reasonable requests relating to matters that pertain to the Executive's employment by the Company, including, without limitation, providing information or limited consultation as to such matters, participating in legal proceedings, investigations or audits on behalf of the Company, or otherwise making himself reasonably available to the Company for other related purposes. Any such cooperation shall be performed at times scheduled taking into consideration the Executive's other commitments, including business and family matters, and the Executive shall be compensated at a reasonable hourly or PER DIEM rate to be agreed by the parties to the extent such cooperation is required on more than an occasional and limited basis. The Executive shall not be required to perform such cooperation to the extent it conflicts with any requirements of exclusivity of services for another employer or otherwise, nor in any manner that in the good faith belief of the Executive would conflict with his rights under or ability to enforce this Agreement.
17. GENERAL.
(a) NOTICES. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing or by written telecommunication, and shall be deemed to have been duly given if delivered personally or if sent by overnight courier or by certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid or sent by written telecommunication or telecopy, to the relevant address set forth below, or to such other address as the recipient of such notice or communication shall have specified to the other party hereto in accordance with this Section 17(a).
If to the Company, to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chairman of the Board of Directors with a copy to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chief Legal Officer |
If to the Executive, at his last residence shown on the records of the Company,
Any such notice shall be effective (i) if delivered personally, when received,
(ii) if sent by overnight courier, when receipted for, and (iii) if mailed, two
(2) days after being mailed as described above.
(b) SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any law, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof shall not in any way be affected or impaired.
(c) WAIVERS. No delay or omission by either party hereto in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall impair such right, power or privilege, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.
(d) COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. In making proof of this Agreement, it shall not be necessary to produce or account for more than one such counterpart.
(e) ASSIGNS. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company's successors and the Executive's personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Executive, it being understood and agreed that this is a contract for the Executive's personal services. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Company except in connection with a transaction involving the succession by a third party to all or substantially all of the Company's business and/or assets (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise), in which case such successor shall assume this Agreement and expressly agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform it in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term "Company" shall include any successor to the Company's business and/or assets that executes and delivers the assumption agreement described in the immediately preceding sentence or that becomes bound by this Agreement by operation of law.
(f) ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement contains the entire understanding of the parties, supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral, relating to the subject matter hereof and may not be amended except by a written instrument hereafter signed by the Executive and a duly authorized representative of the Board.
(g) GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement and the performance hereof shall be construed and governed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas, without giving effect
to principles of conflicts of law. Jurisdiction and venue shall be solely in the federal or state courts of Dallas County, Texas. This provision should not be read as a waiver of any right to removal to federal court in Dallas County.
(h) CONSTRUCTION. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rule of strict construction will be applied against any party. The headings of sections of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect its meaning or construction.
(i) PAYMENTS AND EXERCISE OF RIGHTS AFTER DEATH. Any amounts due hereunder after the Executive's death shall be paid to the Executive's designated beneficiary or beneficiaries, whether received as a designated beneficiary or by will or the laws of descent and distribution. The Executive may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries for all purposes of this Agreement, and may change at any time such designation, by notice to the Company making specific reference to this Agreement. If no designated beneficiary survives the Executive or the Executive fails to designate a beneficiary for purposes of this Agreement prior to his death, all amounts thereafter due hereunder shall be paid, as and when payable, to his spouse, if she survives the Executive, and otherwise to his estate.
(j) CONSULTATION WITH COUNSEL. The Executive acknowledges that he has had a full and complete opportunity to consult with counsel or other advisers of his own choosing concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement, and that the Company has not made any representations or warranties to the Executive concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement other than as are reflected in this Agreement.
(k) WITHHOLDING. Any payments provided for in this Agreement shall be paid net of any applicable tax withholding required under federal, state or local law.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed under seal as of the date first above written.
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
By:_____________________________________
Name:___________________________________
Title:__________________________________
Dated:____________________
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED
PARTNERSHIP
By: Ashford OP General Partner, LLC
By:_____________________________________
Name:___________________________________
Title:__________________________________
Dated:____________________
Dated:____________________
EXHIBIT "A"
RELEASE AND WAIVER
THIS RELEASE AND WAIVER (the "Termination Release") is made as of the _____ day of ___________, 2003 by DAVID BROOKS (the "Executive").
WHEREAS, the Executive, Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the "REIT"), and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership") have entered into an Employment Agreement (the "Agreement") dated as of ________________, 2003 and providing certain compensation and severance amounts upon the Executive's termination of employment; and
WHEREAS, the Executive has agreed, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, to execute a release and waiver in the form set forth in this Termination Release in consideration of the REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") agreement to provide the compensation and severance amounts upon the Executive's termination of employment set out in the Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive desire to settle all rights, duties and obligations between them, including without limitation all such rights, duties, and obligations arising under the Agreement or otherwise out of the Executive's employment by the Company;
NOW THEREFORE, intending to be legally bound and for good and valid consideration the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Executive agrees as follows:
1. RELEASE. (a) The Executive knowingly and voluntarily releases,
acquits, covenants not to sue and forever discharges the Company, and its
respective owners, parents, stockholders, predecessors, successors, assigns,
agents, directors, officers, employees, representatives, divisions and
subsidiaries (collectively, the "Releasees") from any and all charges,
complaints, claims, liabilities, obligations, promises, agreements, damages,
causes of action, suits, rights, costs, losses, debts and expenses of any nature
whatsoever, known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, foreseen or unforeseen,
matured or unmatured, against them which the Executive or any of his heirs,
executors, administrators, successors and assigns ever had, now has or at any
time hereafter may have, own or hold by reason of any matter, fact, or cause
whatsoever from the beginning of time up to and including the date of this
Termination Release, including without limitation all claims arising under the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Family and Medical Leave Act of
1993, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Texas Labor Code
Section 21.001, et seq. (Texas Employment Discrimination); Texas Labor Code
Section 61.001, et seq. (Texas Pay Day Act); Texas Labor Code Section 62.002, et
seq. (Texas Minimum Wage Act); Texas Labor Code Section 201.001, et seq. (Texas
Unemployment Compensation Act); Texas Labor Code Section 401.001, et seq.,
specifically Section 451.001 formerly codified as Article 8307c of the Revised
Civil Statutes (Texas Workers' Compensation Act and Discrimination Issues); and
Texas Genetic Information and Testing Law, each as amended, or any other
federal, state or local laws, rules, regulations, judicial decisions or public
policies now or hereafter recognized.
(a) The Executive represents that he has not filed or permitted to be filed against the Releasee, any complaints, charges or lawsuits and covenants and agrees that he will not seek or be entitled to any personal recovery in any court or before any governmental agency, arbitrator or self-regulatory body against any of the Releasees arising out of any matters set forth in Section 1(a) hereof. Nothing herein shall prevent the Executive from seeking to enforce his rights under the Agreement. The Executive does not hereby waive or release his rights to any benefits under the Company's employee benefit plans to which he is or will be entitled pursuant to the terms of such plans in the ordinary course.
2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. The Company has advised the Executive to consult with an attorney of his choosing prior to signing this Termination Release and the Executive hereby represents to the Company that he has been offered an opportunity to consult with an attorney prior to signing this Termination Release. The Company has also advised the Executive that Executive has up to twenty-one days to consider and sign the Release and Waiver and up to seven days after signing in which to revoke acceptance by giving notice to ______________________________ at _____________ by personal delivery or by mail postmarked no later than the seventh day after the Executive signs the Release and Waiver.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Executive has executed this Termination Release under seal as of the day and year first above written.
EXHIBIT 10.8
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the "Agreement"), dated as of ___________, 2003, is between ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Maryland and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (hereinafter, the "REIT"), ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a limited partnership organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (the Operating Partnership"), and DAVID KIMICHIK, an individual residing in Dallas, Texas (the "Executive").
RECITALS:
A. The REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") desire to employ the Executive in the capacities and on the terms and conditions set out below; and
B. The Executive desires to accept such employment with the Company, on the terms and conditions set forth below.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Executive, in consideration of the respective covenants set out below, hereby agree as follows:
1. EMPLOYMENT.
(a) POSITIONS. During the Term (defined below), the Executive shall be employed by the Company as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. At the Company's request, the Executive shall serve the Company's subsidiaries and affiliates in other offices and capacities in addition to the foregoing. If the Executive, during the Term, serves in any one or more of such additional capacities, the Executive's compensation shall not be increased beyond that provided in Sections 3, 4 or 5 below. Further, if the Executive's service in one or more of such additional capacities is terminated, the Executive's compensation provided herein shall not be reduced for so long as the Executive otherwise remains employed by the Company under the terms of this Agreement.
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES. The Executive's principal employment duties and responsibilities shall be those duties and responsibilities customary for the positions of Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and such other executive duties and responsibilities as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company ("CEO") or Board of Directors of the REIT (the "Board") shall from time to time reasonably assign to the Executive. The Executive shall report directly to the CEO or such person(s) as the CEO may designate from time to time.
(c) EXTENT OF SERVICES. Except for illnesses and vacation periods, the Executive shall devote substantially all of his working time and attention and his best efforts to the performance of his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement and shall not be otherwise employed. However, the Executive may (so long as the following do not materially interfere with the performance of the Executive's duties hereunder) (i) make any passive investments (including, without limitation, continuing existing investments with Remington Hotel Corporation or its affiliates) where he is not obligated or required to, and shall not in fact,
devote material managerial efforts, (ii) participate in charitable, academic or community activities or in trade or professional organizations, (iii) hold directorships in charitable or non-profit organizations, or (iv) subject to CEO and Board approval (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or withdrawn), hold directorships in for profit companies, except only that the CEO or the Board shall have the right to limit such services as a director or such participation whenever the CEO or the Board shall reasonably believe that the time spent on such activities infringes in any material respect upon the time required by the Executive for the performance of his duties under this Agreement or is otherwise incompatible with those duties.
2. TERM. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock (the "Effective Date") and shall continue for a Term ending on December 31, 2006 (the "Initial Termination Date") unless it is sooner terminated pursuant to Section 7; provided, however, that this Agreement shall be automatically extended for one additional year on the Initial Termination Date and on each subsequent anniversary of the Initial Termination Date, unless either the Company or the Executive elect not to extend the Term of this Agreement by notifying the other party in writing of such election not less than one hundred eighty (180) days prior to the expiration of the then current Term. For purposes of this Agreement, "Term" shall mean the actual duration of the Executive's employment hereunder, taking into account any extension pursuant to this Section 2 or early termination of employment pursuant to Section 7.
3. SALARY. The Company shall pay the Executive a Base Salary which shall be payable in periodic installments, less statutory deductions and withholdings, according to the Company's normal payroll practices. Commencing as of the Effective Date, the Executive's base salary shall be TWO HUNDRED SIXTY THOUSAND Dollars ($260,000) per year. The Board or a Compensation Committee duly appointed by the Board (the "Compensation Committee") shall thereafter review the Executive's Base Salary annually to determine within its sole discretion whether and to what extent the Executive's salary may be increased (for the purposes of this Agreement, the term "Base Salary" shall mean the amount established and adjusted from time to time pursuant to this Section 3).
4. INITIAL RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD. Effective upon execution of this Agreement, the Company shall grant to the Executive, within thirty (30) days after the Effective Date, a restricted stock award of 0.23% of the fully-diluted shares of the common stock outstanding on the forty-fifth (45th) day after closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock, excluding shares issued to the underwriters as compensation to the underwriters. Such stock shall be subject to restrictions on transfer by the Executive and repurchase by the Company such that the Executive shall not be permitted to transfer such shares (other than succession by will or by operation of laws of descent and distribution) and the Company shall have the right to repurchase or recover such shares for the amount of cash paid therefor, if any, if the Executive shall terminate employment from the Company, provided that such transfer and repurchase restrictions shall lapse with respect to 33.33% of such initial shares on the one-year anniversary date of the issuance of the shares and on each subsequent anniversary of the issuance of the shares that the Executive shall remain continuously as an employee of the Company as of such date.
5. ANNUAL INCENTIVE AWARDS.
(a) INCENTIVE BONUS. The Executive shall be entitled to receive an annual cash incentive bonus (the "Incentive Bonus") for each calendar year during the Term of this Agreement based on the level of accomplishment of management and performance objectives as established by the Board or Compensation Committee. Except as otherwise provided in Section 8, if the Executive is not employed for the full calendar year, the Executive shall be paid a pro-rated Incentive Bonus in an amount equal to the product of (x) the amount of the Incentive Bonus for the calendar year to which the Executive would have been entitled if the Executive had remained employed for the entire calendar year and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the applicable calendar year for which the Executive was employed through the last day of his employment and the denominator of which is the 365 days of the calendar year. The minimum Incentive Bonus for the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date shall be not less than 30% of Base Salary, and the maximum Incentive Bonus amount shall be 90% of Base Salary. The Incentive Bonus shall be paid as soon as reasonably practical following each calendar year.
(b) INCENTIVE, SAVINGS AND RETIREMENT PLANS. During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to participate in all other incentive plans, stock and option plans, practices, policies and other programs, and all savings and retirement plans, practices, polices and programs, in each case that are applicable generally to senior executives of the Company, as may be adopted, from time to time, by the Company's Compensation Committee.
6. BENEFITS.
(a) VACATION. The Executive will be entitled to four (4) weeks of paid vacation per calendar year. Vacation time not used within the calendar year will not carry forward. The Executive shall not be entitled to cash in lieu of any unused vacation time except as provided herein.
(b) SICK LEAVE. The Executive shall be entitled to paid sick leave in accordance with the sick leave policies of the Company in effect for other senior executive officers.
(c) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS. The Executive and his spouse and eligible dependents, if any, and their respective designated beneficiaries where applicable, will be eligible for and entitled to participate in other benefits maintained by the Company for its senior executive officers, as such benefits may be modified from time to time and for all such employees, such as, without limitation, any medical, dental, pension, 401(k), accident, disability, and life insurance benefits, on a basis not less favorable than that applicable to other executives of the Company. The Executive will also be entitled to appropriate office space, administrative support, secretarial assistance, and such other facilities and services as are suitable to the Executive's positions and adequate for the performance of the Executive's duties.
(d) EXPENSES. The Executive will be entitled to reimbursement of all reasonable expenses, in accordance with the Company's policy as in effect from time to time and on a basis not less favorable than that applicable to other executives of the Company, including, without limitation, telephone, travel and entertainment expenses incurred by the Executive in connection
with the business of the Company, promptly upon the presentation by the Executive of appropriate documentation.
(e) D&O INSURANCE COVERAGE. During and for a period three (3) years after the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to director and officer insurance coverage for his acts and omissions while an officer and director of the Company on a basis no less favorable to him than the coverage provided current officers or directors.
7. TERMINATION. The employment of the Executive by the Company and this Agreement (except as otherwise provided herein) shall terminate upon the occurrence of any of the following:
(a) DEATH OR DISABILITY. Immediately upon death or Disability of the Executive. As used in this Agreement, "Disability" shall mean an inability to perform the essential functions of his duties, with or without reasonable accommodation, for a period of 90 consecutive days or a total of 180 days, during any 365-day period, in either case as a result of incapacity due to mental or physical illness which is determined to be total and permanent. A determination of Disability shall be made by a physician satisfactory to both the Executive (or his guardian) and the Company, provided that if the Executive and the Company do not agree on a physician, the Executive (or his guardian) and the Company shall each select a physician and these two together shall select a third physician, whose determination as to Disability shall be binding on all parties. The appointment of one or more individuals to carry out the offices or duties of the Executive during a period of the Executive's inability to perform such duties and pending a determination of Disability shall not be considered a breach of this Agreement by the Company.
(b) FOR CAUSE. At the election of the Company, for Cause, immediately upon written notice by the Company to the Executive unless the Executive fully corrects the circumstances constituting Cause within the cure periods provided below, if applicable. For purposes of this Agreement, "Cause" for termination shall be deemed to exist solely in the event of the following:
(i) The conviction of the Executive of, or the entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the Executive to, a felony (exclusive of a conviction, plea of guilty or nolo contendere arising solely under a statutory provision imposing criminal liability upon the Executive on a PER SE basis due to the Company offices held by the Executive, so long as any act or omission of the Executive with respect to such matter was not taken or omitted in contravention of any applicable policy or directive of the CEO or the Board);
(ii) willful breach of duty of loyalty which is materially detrimental to the Company which is not cured to the reasonable satisfaction of the CEO or the Board within fifteen (15) days following written warning to the Executive from the CEO or the Board describing the alleged circumstances provided that if there is an inconsistency in directives given by the Board as compared to a directive from the CEO, the Board directives shall control;
(iii) willful failure to perform or adhere to explicitly stated duties or guidelines of employment or to follow the directives of the CEO which continues for fifteen (15) days after written warning to the Executive that it will be deemed a basis for a "For Cause" termination;
(iv) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the Executive's duties (which is not cured by the Executive within 30 days after written warning from the CEO);
(v) the Executive's willful commission of an act of dishonesty resulting in economic or financial injury to the Company or willful commission of fraud; or
(vi) the Executive's chronic absence from work for reasons other than illness.
For purposes of this Section, no act, or failure to act, on the Executive's part will be deemed "willful" unless done, or omitted to be done, by the Executive not in good faith and without a reasonable belief that the Executive's act, or failure to act, was in the best interest of the Company. Any act, or failure to act, based upon authority given pursuant to a resolution duly adopted by the Board, a directive of the CEO, or based upon the advise of counsel for the Company shall be conclusively presumed to be done, or omitted to be done, by the Executive in good faith and in the best interests of the Company.
(c) WITHOUT CAUSE OR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Company,
without Cause, and at the election of the Executive, without Good Reason, in
either case upon sixty (60) days' prior written notice to the Executive or to
the Company, as the case may be. Provided, however, that if the Executive gives
notice, without Good Reason, the Company may waive all or a portion of the sixty
(60) days' written notice and accelerate the effective date of the termination.
(d) FOR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Executive, for Good Reason, which is not cured by the Company within thirty (30) days after written notice from the Executive to the Company setting forth a description of the circumstances constituting Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, "Good Reason" shall mean any of the following actions, omissions or events occurring without the Executive's prior written consent:
(i) The assignment to the Executive of any duties, responsibilities, or reporting requirements inconsistent with his positions as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, or any material diminishment, on a cumulative basis, of the Executive's overall duties, responsibilities, or status;
(ii) a reduction by the Company in the Executive's annual Base Salary;
(iii) the failure by the Company to honor the minimum Incentive Bonus or to honor the initial restricted stock award referenced in Sections 4 and 5 hereof, unless equitable alternative compensation arrangements (embodied in ongoing substitute or alternative plans) have been provided for the Executive;
(iv) the requirement by the Company that the principal place of business at which the Executive performs his duties be changed to a location outside the greater Dallas metropolitan area; or
(v) any material breach by the Company of any provision of this Agreement.
(e) NOTICE OF TERMINATION. Any termination by the Company for Cause, or by the Executive for Good Reason, shall be communicated by Notice of Termination to the other parties hereto given in accordance with Section 17(a) of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Notice of Termination" means a written notice which (i) indicates the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon, (ii) to the extent applicable, sets forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of the Executive's employment under the provision so indicated, and (iii) if the Date of Termination (as defined below) is other than the date of receipt of such notice, specifies the termination date (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the giving of the notice). The failure by the Executive or the Company to set forth in the Notice of Termination any fact or circumstance which contributes to a showing of Good Reason or Cause shall not waive any right of the Executive of the Company, respectively, hereunder or preclude the Executive or the Company, respectively, from asserting such fact or circumstance in enforcing the Executive's or the Company's rights hereunder.
(f) DATE OF TERMINATION. "Date of Termination" means (i) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, or by the Executive for Good Reason, the date of receipt of the Notice of Termination or any later date specified in the notice (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the giving of the notice), as the case may be, (ii) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company other than for Cause or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Company notifies the Executive of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, (iii) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Executive without Good Reason, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Executive notifies the Company of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, unless otherwise agreed by the Company and the Executive, and (iv) if the Executive's employment is terminated by reason of death or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date of death or Disability of the Executive, as the case may be.
8. EFFECTS OF TERMINATION.
(a) TERMINATION FOR DEATH OR DISABILITY; BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE AFTER INITIAL TERM; OR NON-RENEWAL BY THE COMPANY. If the employment of the Executive should terminate by reason of (i) death of the Executive or Disability, (ii) termination by the Company for any reason (other than Cause) after the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date, or (iii) the Company's failure to renew this Agreement after the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date or any time thereafter, then all compensation and benefits for the Executive shall be as follows:
(i) The Executive shall be paid, in a single lump sum payment within thirty (30) days after the Date of Termination, the aggregate amount of (A) the Executive's earned but unpaid Base Salary through the Date of Termination, and any Incentive Bonus
required to be paid to the Executive pursuant to Section 5(a) above for the prior calendar year to the extent not previously paid, and reimbursement of all expenses through the Date of Termination as required pursuant to Section 6(d) hereof (the "Accrued Obligations"), and (B) one (the "Severance Multiple") times the sum of (x) the Base Salary in effect on the Termination Date plus (y) the average Incentive Bonus received by the Executive for the three complete calendar years (or such lesser number of calendar years as the Executive has been employed by the Company) immediately prior to the Termination Date (the "Severance Payment").
(ii) At the time when incentive bonuses are paid to the Company's other senior executives for the calendar year of the Company in which the Date of Termination occurs, the Executive shall be paid a pro-rated Incentive Bonus in an amount equal to the product of (x) the amount of the Incentive Bonus to which the Executive would have been entitled if the Executive's employment had not been terminated, and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the applicable calendar year for which the Executive was employed through the Date of Termination and the denominator of which is the 365 days of the calendar year (a "Pro-Rated Bonus").
(iii) The Company will allow the Executive and his dependents, at
the Company's cost, to continue to participate for a period of twelve
(12) months following the Date of Termination in any and all of the
employee welfare benefit plans of the Company in which the Executive
was entitled to participate immediately prior to his termination, to
the same extent and upon the same terms as the Executive participated
in such plans prior to his termination (the "Other Benefits");
PROVIDED, that the Executive's continued participation is permissible
under the general terms and provisions of such plans. To the extent
that continued participation is not permissible, the Company shall take
such actions as may be necessary to provide the Executive with
substantially comparable benefits (without additional cost to the
Executive) outside the scope of such plans. If the Executive engages in
regular employment after his termination of employment with any
organization, any employee welfare benefits received by the Executive
in consideration of such employment which are similar in nature to the
employee welfare benefits provided by the Company will relieve the
Company of its obligation under this Section 8(a)(iii) to provide
comparable benefits to the extent of the benefits so received.
(iv) The Executive's restricted shares awarded under Section 4 hereof shall immediately vest, and any annual performance shares or options awarded under Section 5(b) hereof shall immediately vest. Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 8(a), all outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(b) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE DURING INITIAL TERM OR BY THE EXECUTIVE WITH GOOD REASON. In the event that the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other than Cause before the Initial
Termination Date, or by the Executive with Good Reason, the Company will pay the
Executive the same Accrued Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus, employee welfare
benefits and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i) (ii),
(iii) and (iv) above at the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the
Executive shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in
accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple
shall be two (2). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the
Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 8(b), all
outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to
the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards
substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall
become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) TERMINATION BY EXECUTIVE WITHOUT GOOD REASON. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Executive without Good Reason including a resignation by the Executive without Good Reason, and including an election not to renew this Agreement by the Executive, the Company will pay the Executive the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Executive shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment, Pro-rated Bonus, the Other Benefits and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) hereof; provided, however, if such termination under this Section 8(c) occurs prior to the Initial Termination Date, then the Company will allow the Executive and his dependents, at the Company's cost, during the Non-Compete Period, to continue to participate in any and all of the employee welfare benefit plans of the Company in which the Executive was entitled to participate immediately prior to his termination, to the same extent and upon the same terms as the Executive participated in such plans prior to his termination as allowed under the general terms and provisions of such plans. HOWEVER, if the Executive is re-employed after his termination of employment with any organization, any employee welfare benefits received by the Executive in consideration of such employment which are similar in nature to the employee welfare benefits provided by the Company will relieve the Company of its obligation under this Section 8(c) to provide comparable benefits to the extent of the benefits so received. In addition, in consideration for the Executive's agreement for honoring the non-compete and non-solicitation covenants in Section 11 hereof for a period of one (1) year following the Date of Termination resulting from this Section 8(c) if such termination occurs prior to the Initial Termination Date, the Company shall pay the Executive a non-compete payment (the "Non-Compete Payment") equal to the Severance Payment determined with a Severance Multiple equal to one (1). The Non-Compete Payment shall be paid monthly over the one-year non-compete period in equal monthly installments of one-twelfth (1/12th) of the Non-Compete Payment. If, however, a termination under this Section 8(c) occurs after the Initial Termination Date, then the Executive shall not be entitled to the Non-Compete Payment and the Executive shall not be bound to the non-compete covenants of Section 11 hereof but only to the covenants of confidentiality set forth in Section 10 hereof.
(d) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY FOR CAUSE. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, the Company will pay the Executive the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Executive shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment, Pro-Rated Bonus, the Other Benefits and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) hereof.
(e) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY. Immediately upon the Date of Termination or upon the expiration of this Agreement, notwithstanding anything else to the contrary contained herein or otherwise, the Executive will stop serving the functions of his terminated or expired positions, and shall be without any of the authority or responsibility for such positions.
(f) RELEASE OF CLAIMS. As conditions of Executive's entitlement to the Severance Payment, Non-Compete Payment and benefits provided by this Agreement, the Executive shall be required to execute and honor the terms of a waiver and release of claims against the Company substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit "A" (as may be modified consistent with the purposes of such waiver and release to reflect changes in law following the date hereof).
9. CHANGE OF CONTROL.
(a) CHANGE OF CONTROL. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Change of Control" will be deemed to have taken place upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
(i) any "person" (as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and as modified in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) other than (A) the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (B) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (C) any Remington Affiliate, (D) a company owned, directly or indirectly, by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company, or (E) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities, becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 30% or more of the shares of voting stock of the Company then outstanding;
(ii) the consummation of any merger, organization, business combination or consolidation of the Company or one of its subsidiaries with or into any other company, other than a merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation which would result in the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto holding securities which represent immediately after such merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or the surviving company or the parent of such surviving company;
(iii) the consummation of the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company's assets, other than a sale or disposition if the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto hold securities immediately thereafter which represent more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the acquiror, or parent of the acquiror, of such assets; or the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
(iv) individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the "Incumbent Board") cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;
provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election to the Board was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the Board.
(b) CERTAIN BENEFITS UPON A CHANGE OF CONTROL. If a Change in Control
occurs during the Term and the Executive's employment is terminated by the
Company without Cause or by the Executive for any reason on or before the one
(1) year anniversary of the effective date of the Change in Control, then the
Executive shall be entitled to the Accrued Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus,
employee welfare benefits for a period of one year following the Date of
Termination and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii),
(iii) and (iv) above at the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the
Executive shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in
accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple
shall be two (2). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the
Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 9(b), all
outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to
the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards
substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall
become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) EXCISE TAX.
(i) In the event that any payment or benefit received or to be received by the Executive in connection with a Change of Control or the termination of the Executive's employment (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other plan, arrangement or agreement with the Company, any person whose actions result in a Change of Control or any person affiliated with the Company or such person) (all such payments and benefits being hereinafter called "Total Payments") will be subject (in whole or part) to the excise tax (the "Excise Tax") imposed under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), then, subject to the provisions of Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Company will pay to the Executive an additional amount (the "Gross-Up Payment") such that the net amount retained by the Executive, after deduction of any Excise Tax on the Total Payments and any federal, state and local income tax and Excise Tax upon the payment provided for by this Section 9(c)(i), will be equal to the Total Payments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive will be deemed to pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rate of federal income taxation in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made and state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation in the state and locality of the Executive's residence on such date, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes.
(ii) In the event that, after giving effect to any redeterminations described in Section 9(c)(iv) hereof, a reduction in the Total Payments to the largest amount that would result in no portion of the Total Payments being subject to the Excise Tax (after
taking into account any reduction in the Total Payments provided by reason of Section 280G of the Code in such other plan, arrangement or agreement) would produce a net amount (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax on such reduced Total Payments) that would be greater than the net amount of unreduced Total Payments (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax and the amount of Excise Tax to which the Executive would be subject in respect of such Total Payments), then Section 9(c)(i) hereof will not apply and the Total Payments will be so reduced.
(iii) The determination of whether any of the Total Payments will
be subject to the Excise Tax and the amount of such Excise Tax will be
made by the Company's independent auditors. The Company will provide
the Executive with its calculation of the amounts referred to in this
Section 9(c) and such supporting materials as are reasonably necessary
for the Executive to evaluate the Company's calculations. If the
Executive disputes the Company's calculations (in whole or in part),
the reasonable opinion of the Company's independent auditors with
respect to the matter in dispute will prevail.
(iv) In the event that (A) the Excise Tax is subsequently
determined to be less than the amount taken into account hereunder at
the time of payment of the Total Payments and (B) after giving effect
to such redetermination, the Total Payments are reduced pursuant to
Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Executive will repay to the Company, at
the time that the amount of such reduction in Excise Tax is finally
determined, the portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to such
reduction (plus that portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to
the Excise Tax and federal, state and local income tax imposed on the
Gross-Up Payment being repaid by the Executive to the extent that such
repayment results in a reduction in the Excise Tax and/or a federal,
state or local income tax deduction) plus interest on the amount of
such repayment at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the
Code. In the event that (X) the Excise Tax is determined to exceed the
amount taken into account hereunder at the time of the termination of
the Executive's employment (including by reason of any payment the
existence or amount of which cannot be determined at the time of the
Gross-Up Payment) and (Y) after giving effect to such redetermination,
the Total Payments are not reduced pursuant to Section 9(c)(ii) hereof,
the Company will make an additional Gross-Up Payment in respect of such
excess and in respect of any portion of the Excise Tax with respect to
which the Company had not previously made a Gross-Up Payment (plus any
interest, penalties or additions payable by the Executive with respect
to such excess and such portion) at the time that the amount of such
excess is finally determined.
(v) The Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of a Gross-Up Payment or might entitle the Company to the refund of all or part of any previous Gross-Up Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) business days after the Executive is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is required to be paid. The Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the thirty (30) day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company. If the Company
notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such
period that it desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (i)
give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company
relating to such claim; (ii) take such action in connection with
contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in
writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting
legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney jointly
selected by the Executive and the Company; (iii) cooperate with the
Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim; and
(iv) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to
such claim. The Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and
expenses (including legal fees and additional interest and penalties)
incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold
the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or
income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto)
imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and
expenses.
(vi) Without limitation on the foregoing, the Company shall control all audits and proceedings taken in connection with any claim, audit or proceeding involving Excise Taxes or Gross-Up Payments and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of any such claim, audit or proceeding and may, at its sole option, either direct the Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the tax in any permissible manner, and the Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the Company directs the Executive to pay such tax and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Executive, on an interest-free basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance. The Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which such a Gross-Up Payment would be payable or refundable hereunder and the Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue.
10. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. The Executive recognizes and acknowledges that the Executive has and will have access to confidential and proprietary information of the Company which constitute valuable, special, and unique assets of the Company. The term "Confidential Information" as used in this Agreement shall mean all information which is known only to the Executive, the Company, other employees of the Company, or others in a confidential relationship with the Company, and relating to the Company's business (including, without limitation, information regarding clients, customers, pricing policies, methods of operation, proprietary company programs, sales, acquisitions, products, profits, costs, conditions (financial or other), cash flows, key personnel, formulae, product applications, technical processes, and trade secrets, as such information may exist from time to time, which the Executive acquired or obtained by virtue of work performed for the Company, or which the Executive may acquire or may have acquired knowledge of during the performance of said work.
The Executive acknowledges that the Company has put in place certain policies and practices to keep such Confidential Information secret, including disclosing the information only on a need-to-know basis. The Executive further acknowledges that the Confidential Information has been developed or acquired by the Company through the expenditure of substantial time, effort, and money and provides the Company with an advantage over competitors who do not know such Confidential Information. Finally, the Executive acknowledges that such Confidential Information, if revealed to or used for the benefit of the Company's competitors or in a manner contrary to the Company's interests, would cause extensive and immeasurable harm to the Company and to the Company's competitive position.
The Executive shall not, during or after the Term or at any time after this Agreement ends, for a period of two (2) years thereafter, use for personal gain or detrimentally to the Company all or any part of the Confidential Information, or disclose or make available all or any part of the Confidential Information to any person, firm, corporation, association, or any other entity for any reason or purpose whatsoever, directly or indirectly, except as may be required pursuant to his employment hereunder, unless and until such Confidential Information becomes publicly available other than as a consequence of the breach by the Executive of his confidentiality obligations hereunder.
The Executive acknowledges that the Confidential Information shall remain at all times the exclusive property of the Company, and no license is granted. In the event of the termination of his employment, whether voluntary or involuntary and whether by the Company or the Executive, or within seven (7) business days of the Company's request under any other circumstances, the Executive shall deliver to the Company all Confidential Information, in any form whatsoever, including electronic formats, and shall not take with him any Confidential Information or any reproductions (in whole or in part) or extracts of any items relating to the Confidential Information. The Company acknowledges that prior to his employment with the Company, the Executive has lawfully acquired extensive knowledge of the industries in which the Company engages in business including, without limitation, markets, valuation methods and techniques, capital markets, investor relationships and similar items, and that the provisions of this Section 10 are not intended to restrict the Executive's use of such previously acquired knowledge.
In the event that the Executive receives a request or is required (by deposition, interrogatory, request for documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar process) to disclose all or any part of the Confidential Information, the Executive agrees to (a) promptly notify the Company of the existence, terms and circumstances surrounding such request or requirement, (b) consult with the Company on the advisability of taking legally available steps to resist or narrow such request or requirement and (c) assist the Company in seeking a protective order or other appropriate remedy; provided, however, that the Executive shall not be required to take any action in violation of applicable laws. In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained or that the Company waives compliance with the provisions hereof, the Executive shall not be liable for such disclosure unless disclosure to any such tribunal was caused by or resulted from a previous disclosure by the Executive not permitted by this Agreement.
11. NON-COMPETITION AND NONSOLICITATION. During the Term and any
Non-Compete Period (hereinafter defined), the Executive will not, directly or
indirectly, either as a principal, agent, employee, employer, stockholder or
partner: (i) engage in any "Competitive Business"; or (ii) employ or solicit the
employment of, or assist others in employing or soliciting the employment of,
any individual employed by the Company at any time while the Executive was also
so employed; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the foregoing shall not prohibit or limit the
Executive's right to pursue and maintain passive investments allowed pursuant to
Section 1(c) hereof.
For purposes of this Section 11, "Competitive Business" means acquiring, investing in or with respect to, owning, leasing, managing or developing hotel properties in the United States or originating or acquiring loans in respect of hotel properties in the United States where the Executive has duties or performs services that are the same or similar to those services actually performed by the Executive for the Company.
For purposes of this Section 11, the "Non-Compete Period" shall mean:
(i) In the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of Disability, or a termination by the Executive without Good Reason (including, without limitation, a resignation by the Executive without Good Reason), at any time prior to the Initial Termination Date, a period during the Term and ending one (1) year after the Date of Termination; and
(ii) In the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of (a) a Change in Control, (b) a termination by the Executive for Good Reason, or (c) a termination by the Company for Cause or without Cause or (d) a termination by the Executive without Good Reason (including an election not to renew this Agreement by the Executive) at any time after the Initial Termination Date, the Non-Compete Period shall only extend through the end of the Term.
The Executive acknowledges that the services provided by the Executive are of a special, unique, and extraordinary nature. The Executive further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company will enhance his value to a Competitive Business, and that the nature of the Confidential Information to which the Executive has immediate access and will continue to have access during the course of his employment makes it difficult, if not impossible, for him to engage in any Competitive Business or work in any capacity similar to the Executive's duties or services with the Company without disclosing or utilizing the Confidential Information. The Executive further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company places him in a position of trust with the Company.
The Executive agrees that restraints imposed upon him pursuant to this
Section are necessary for the reasonable and proper protection of the Company
and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and that each and every one of the
restraints is reasonable in respect to subject matter, length of time and
geographic area. The parties further agree that, in the event that any provision
of this Section shall be determined by any court of competent jurisdiction to be
unenforceable by reason of its being extended over too great a time, too large a
geographic area or too great a
range of activities, such provision shall be deemed to be modified to permit its enforcement to the maximum extent permitted by law.
12. NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent or limit the Executive's continuing or future participation in any plan, program, policy or practice provided by the Company and for which the Executive may qualify, nor shall anything herein limit or otherwise affect such rights as the Executive may have under any contract or agreement with the Company. Amounts which are vested benefits or which the Executive is otherwise entitled to receive under any plan, policy, practice or program of or any contract agreement with the Company at or subsequent to the Date of Termination shall be payable in accordance with such plan, policy, practice or program or contract or agreement except as explicitly modified by this Agreement.
13. FULL SETTLEMENT. The Company's obligation to make the payments
provided for in this Agreement and otherwise to perform its obligations
hereunder shall not be affected by any set-off, counterclaim, recoupment,
defense or other claim, right or action which the Company may have against the
Executive or others. In no event shall the Executive be obligated to seek other
employment or take any other action by way of mitigation of the amounts payable
to the Executive under any of the provisions of this Agreement and except as
expressly provided, such amounts shall not be reduced whether or not the
Executive obtains other employment. The Company agrees to pay as incurred
(within 30 days following the Company's receipt of an invoice from the
Executive), to the full extent permitted by law, all reasonable legal fees and
expenses which the Executive or his beneficiaries may reasonably incur as a
result of any contest (regardless of the outcome thereof) by the Company, the
Executive or others of the validity or enforceability of, or liability under,
any provision of this Agreement or any guarantee of performance thereof
(including as a result of any contest by the Executive or his beneficiaries
about the amount of any payment pursuant to this Agreement), plus in each case
interest on any delayed payment at the applicable Federal rate provided for in
Section 7872(f)(2)(a) of the Code. The preceding sentence shall not apply with
respect to any such contest if the court having jurisdiction over such contest
determines that the Executive's claim in such contest is frivolous or maintained
in bad faith.
14. DISPUTES.
(a) EQUITABLE RELIEF. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that upon any breach by the Executive of his obligations under Sections 10 or 11 hereof, the Company will have no adequate remedy at law, and accordingly will be entitled to specific performance and other appropriate injunctive and equitable relief.
(b) ARBITRATION. Excluding only requests for equitable relief by the Company under Section 14(a) of this Agreement, in the event that there is any claim or dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, and the parties hereto shall not have resolved such claim or dispute within 60 days after written notice from one party to the other setting forth the nature of such claim or dispute, then such claim or dispute shall be settled exclusively by binding arbitration in Dallas, Texas in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association by an arbitrator mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto or, in the absence of such agreement, by an arbitrator selected according to such Rules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if either the Company or the Executive shall request, such arbitration shall be conducted by a panel of three arbitrators, one selected by the Company, one selected by the Executive and the third selected by agreement of the first two, or, in the absence of such agreement, in accordance with such Rules. Neither party shall have the right to claim or recover punitive damages. Judgment upon the award rendered by such arbitrator(s) shall be entered in any Court having jurisdiction thereof upon the application of either party.
15. INDEMNIFICATION. The Company will indemnify the Executive, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, against all costs, charges and expenses incurred or sustained by the Executive, including the cost of legal counsel selected and retained by the Executive in connection with any action, suit or proceeding to which the Executive may be made a party by reason of the Executive being or having been an officer, director, or employee of the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate of the Company.
16. COOPERATION IN FUTURE MATTERS. The Executive hereby agrees that, for a period of one (1) year following his termination of employment, he shall cooperate with the Company's reasonable requests relating to matters that pertain to the Executive's employment by the Company, including, without limitation, providing information or limited consultation as to such matters, participating in legal proceedings, investigations or audits on behalf of the Company, or otherwise making himself reasonably available to the Company for other related purposes. Any such cooperation shall be performed at times scheduled taking into consideration the Executive's other commitments, including business and family matters, and the Executive shall be compensated at a reasonable hourly or PER DIEM rate to be agreed by the parties to the extent such cooperation is required on more than an occasional and limited basis. The Executive shall not be required to perform such cooperation to the extent it conflicts with any requirements of exclusivity of services for another employer or otherwise, nor in any manner that in the good faith belief of the Executive would conflict with his rights under or ability to enforce this Agreement.
17. GENERAL.
(a) NOTICES. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing or by written telecommunication, and shall be deemed to have been duly given if delivered personally or if sent by overnight courier or by certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid or sent by written telecommunication or telecopy, to the relevant address set forth below, or to such other address as the recipient of such notice or communication shall have specified to the other party hereto in accordance with this Section 17(a).
If to the Company, to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chairman of the Board of Directors with a copy to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chief Legal Officer |
If to the Executive, at his last residence shown on the records of the
Any such notice shall be effective (i) if delivered personally, when received,
(ii) if sent by overnight courier, when receipted for, and (iii) if mailed, two
(2) days after being mailed as described above.
(b) SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any law, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof shall not in any way be affected or impaired.
(c) WAIVERS. No delay or omission by either party hereto in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall impair such right, power or privilege, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.
(d) COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. In making proof of this Agreement, it shall not be necessary to produce or account for more than one such counterpart.
(e) ASSIGNS. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company's successors and the Executive's personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Executive, it being understood and agreed that this is a contract for the Executive's personal services. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Company except in connection with a transaction involving the succession by a third party to all or substantially all of the Company's business and/or assets (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise), in which case such successor shall assume this Agreement and expressly agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform it in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term "Company" shall include any successor to the Company's business and/or assets that executes and delivers the assumption agreement described
in the immediately preceding sentence or that becomes bound by this Agreement by operation of law.
(f) ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement contains the entire understanding of the parties, supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral, relating to the subject matter hereof and may not be amended except by a written instrument hereafter signed by the Executive and a duly authorized representative of the Board.
(g) GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement and the performance hereof shall be construed and governed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of law. Jurisdiction and venue shall be solely in the federal or state courts of Dallas County, Texas. This provision should not be read as a waiver of any right to removal to federal court in Dallas County.
(h) CONSTRUCTION. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rule of strict construction will be applied against any party. The headings of sections of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect its meaning or construction.
(i) PAYMENTS AND EXERCISE OF RIGHTS AFTER DEATH. Any amounts due hereunder after the Executive's death shall be paid to the Executive's designated beneficiary or beneficiaries, whether received as a designated beneficiary or by will or the laws of descent and distribution. The Executive may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries for all purposes of this Agreement, and may change at any time such designation, by notice to the Company making specific reference to this Agreement. If no designated beneficiary survives the Executive or the Executive fails to designate a beneficiary for purposes of this Agreement prior to his death, all amounts thereafter due hereunder shall be paid, as and when payable, to his spouse, if she survives the Executive, and otherwise to his estate.
(j) CONSULTATION WITH COUNSEL. The Executive acknowledges that he has had a full and complete opportunity to consult with counsel or other advisers of his own choosing concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement, and that the Company has not made any representations or warranties to the Executive concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement other than as are reflected in this Agreement.
(k) WITHHOLDING. Any payments provided for in this Agreement shall be paid net of any applicable tax required under federal, state or local law.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed under seal as of the date first above written.
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
By:__________________________________
Name:________________________________
Title:_______________________________
Dated:____________________
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED
PARTNERSHIP
By: Ashford OP General Partner, LLC
By:__________________________________
Name:________________________________
Title:_______________________________
Dated:____________________
Dated:____________________
EXHIBIT "A"
RELEASE AND WAIVER
THIS RELEASE AND WAIVER (the "Termination Release") is made as of the _____ day of ___________, 2003 by DAVID KIMICHIK (the "Executive").
WHEREAS, the Executive, Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the "REIT"), and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership") have entered into an Employment Agreement (the "Agreement") dated as of ________________, 2003 and providing certain compensation and severance amounts upon the Executive's termination of employment; and
WHEREAS, the Executive has agreed, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, to execute a release and waiver in the form set forth in this Termination Release in consideration of the REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") agreement to provide the compensation and severance amounts upon the Executive's termination of employment set out in the Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive desire to settle all rights, duties and obligations between them, including without limitation all such rights, duties, and obligations arising under the Agreement or otherwise out of the Executive's employment by the Company;
NOW THEREFORE, intending to be legally bound and for good and valid consideration the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Executive agrees as follows:
1. RELEASE. (a) The Executive knowingly and voluntarily releases,
acquits, covenants not to sue and forever discharges the Company, and its
respective owners, parents, stockholders, predecessors, successors, assigns,
agents, directors, officers, employees, representatives, divisions and
subsidiaries (collectively, the "Releasees") from any and all charges,
complaints, claims, liabilities, obligations, promises, agreements, damages,
causes of action, suits, rights, costs, losses, debts and expenses of any nature
whatsoever, known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, foreseen or unforeseen,
matured or unmatured, against them which the Executive or any of his heirs,
executors, administrators, successors and assigns ever had, now has or at any
time hereafter may have, own or hold by reason of any matter, fact, or cause
whatsoever from the beginning of time up to and including the date of this
Termination Release, including without limitation all claims arising under the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Family and Medical Leave Act of
1993, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Texas Labor Code
Section 21.001, et seq. (Texas Employment Discrimination); Texas Labor Code
Section 61.001, et seq. (Texas Pay Day Act); Texas Labor Code Section 62.002, et
seq. (Texas Minimum Wage Act); Texas Labor Code Section 201.001, et seq. (Texas
Unemployment Compensation Act); Texas Labor Code Section 401.001, et seq.,
specifically Section 451.001 formerly codified as Article 8307c of the Revised
Civil Statutes (Texas Workers' Compensation Act and Discrimination Issues); and
Texas Genetic Information and Testing Law, each as amended, or any other
federal, state or local laws, rules, regulations, judicial decisions or public
policies now or hereafter recognized.
(a) The Executive represents that he has not filed or permitted to be filed against the Releasee, any complaints, charges or lawsuits and covenants and agrees that he will not seek or be entitled to any personal recovery in any court or before any governmental agency, arbitrator or self-regulatory body against any of the Releasees arising out of any matters set forth in Section 1(a) hereof. Nothing herein shall prevent the Executive from seeking to enforce his rights under the Agreement. The Executive does not hereby waive or release his rights to any benefits under the Company's employee benefit plans to which he is or will be entitled pursuant to the terms of such plans in the ordinary course.
2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. The Company has advised the Executive to consult with an attorney of his choosing prior to signing this Termination Release and the Executive hereby represents to the Company that he has been offered an opportunity to consult with an attorney prior to signing this Termination Release. The Company has also advised the Executive that Executive has up to twenty-one days to consider and sign the Release and Waiver and up to seven days after signing in which to revoke acceptance by giving notice to ______________________________ at ________________ by personal delivery or by mail postmarked no later than the seventh day after the Executive signs the Release and Waiver.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Executive has executed this Termination Release under seal as of the day and year first above written.
EXHIBIT 10.9
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the "Agreement"), dated as of ___________, 2003, is between ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Maryland and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (hereinafter, the "REIT"), ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a limited partnership organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business at Dallas, Texas (the Operating Partnership"), and MARK NUNNELEY, an individual residing in Dallas, Texas (the "Executive").
RECITALS:
A. The REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") desire to employ the Executive in the capacities and on the terms and conditions set out below; and
B. The Executive desires to accept such employment with the Company, on the terms and conditions set forth below.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Executive, in consideration of the respective covenants set out below, hereby agree as follows:
1. EMPLOYMENT.
(a) POSITIONS. During the Term (defined below), the Executive shall be employed by the Company as Chief Accounting Officer. At the Company's request, the Executive shall serve the Company's subsidiaries and affiliates in other offices and capacities in addition to the foregoing. If the Executive, during the Term, serves in any one or more of such additional capacities, the Executive's compensation shall not be increased beyond that provided in Sections 3, 4 or 5 below. Further, if the Executive's service in one or more of such additional capacities is terminated, the Executive's compensation provided herein shall not be reduced for so long as the Executive otherwise remains employed by the Company under the terms of this Agreement.
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES. The Executive's principal employment duties and responsibilities shall be those duties and responsibilities customary for the position of Chief Accounting Officer and such other executive duties and responsibilities as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company ("CEO") or Board of Directors of the REIT (the "Board") shall from time to time reasonably assign to the Executive. The Executive shall report directly to the CEO or such person(s) as the CEO may designate from time to time.
(c) EXTENT OF SERVICES. Except for illnesses and vacation periods, the Executive shall devote substantially all of his working time and attention and his best efforts to the performance of his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement and shall not be otherwise employed. However, the Executive may (so long as the following do not materially interfere with the performance of the Executive's duties hereunder) (i) make any passive investments (including, without limitation, continuing existing investments with Remington Hotel Corporation or its affiliates) where he is not obligated or required to, and shall not in fact, devote material managerial efforts, (ii) participate in charitable, academic or community
activities or in trade or professional organizations, (iii) hold directorships in charitable or non-profit organizations, or (iv) subject to CEO and Board approval (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or withdrawn), hold directorships in for profit companies, except only that the CEO or the Board shall have the right to limit such services as a director or such participation whenever the CEO or the Board shall reasonably believe that the time spent on such activities infringes in any material respect upon the time required by the Executive for the performance of his duties under this Agreement or is otherwise incompatible with those duties.
2. TERM. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock (the "Effective Date") and shall continue for a Term ending on December 31, 2006 (the "Initial Termination Date") unless it is sooner terminated pursuant to Section 7; provided, however, that this Agreement shall be automatically extended for one additional year on the Initial Termination Date and on each subsequent anniversary of the Initial Termination Date, unless either the Company or the Executive elect not to extend the Term of this Agreement by notifying the other party in writing of such election not less than one hundred eighty (180) days prior to the expiration of the then current Term. For purposes of this Agreement, "Term" shall mean the actual duration of the Executive's employment hereunder, taking into account any extension pursuant to this Section 2 or early termination of employment pursuant to Section 7.
3. SALARY. The Company shall pay the Executive a Base Salary which shall be payable in periodic installments, less statutory deductions and withholdings, according to the Company's normal payroll practices. Commencing as of the Effective Date, the Executive's base salary shall be ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND Dollars ($135,000) per year. The Board or a Compensation Committee duly appointed by the Board (the "Compensation Committee") shall thereafter review the Executive's Base Salary annually to determine within its sole discretion whether and to what extent the Executive's salary may be increased (for the purposes of this Agreement, the term "Base Salary" shall mean the amount established and adjusted from time to time pursuant to this Section 3).
4. INITIAL RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD. Effective upon execution of this Agreement, the Company shall grant to the Executive, within thirty (30) days after the Effective Date, a restricted stock award of 0.06% of the fully-diluted shares of the common stock outstanding on the forty-fifth (45th) day after closing of the initial public offering of shares of the REIT's common stock, excluding shares issued to the underwriters as compensation to the underwriters. Such stock shall be subject to restrictions on transfer by the Executive and repurchase by the Company such that the Executive shall not be permitted to transfer such shares (other than succession by will or by operation of laws of descent and distribution) and the Company shall have the right to repurchase or recover such shares for the amount of cash paid therefor, if any, if the Executive shall terminate employment from the Company, provided that such transfer and repurchase restrictions shall lapse with respect to 33.33% of such initial shares on the one-year anniversary date of the issuance of the shares and on each subsequent anniversary of the issuance of the shares that the Executive shall remain continuously as an employee of the Company as of such date.
5. ANNUAL INCENTIVE AWARDS.
(a) INCENTIVE BONUS. The Executive shall be entitled to receive an annual cash incentive bonus (the "Incentive Bonus") for each calendar year during the Term of this Agreement based on the level of accomplishment of management and performance objectives as established by the Board or Compensation Committee. Except as otherwise provided in Section 8, if the Executive is not employed for the full calendar year, the Executive shall be paid a pro-rated Incentive Bonus in an amount equal to the product of (x) the amount of the Incentive Bonus for the calendar year to which the Executive would have been entitled if the Executive had remained employed for the entire calendar year and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the applicable calendar year for which the Executive was employed through the last day of his employment and the denominator of which is the 365 days of the calendar year. The minimum Incentive Bonus for the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date shall be not less than 20% of Base Salary, and the maximum Incentive Bonus amount shall be 60% of Base Salary. The Incentive Bonus shall be paid as soon as reasonably practical following each calendar year.
(b) INCENTIVE, SAVINGS AND RETIREMENT PLANS. During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to participate in all other incentive plans, stock and option plans, practices, policies and other programs, and all savings and retirement plans, practices, polices and programs, in each case that are applicable generally to senior executives of the Company, as may be adopted, from time to time, by the Company's Compensation Committee.
6. BENEFITS.
(a) VACATION. The Executive will be entitled to four (4) weeks of paid vacation per calendar year. Vacation time not used within the calendar year will not carry forward. The Executive shall not be entitled to cash in lieu of any unused vacation time except as provided herein.
(b) SICK LEAVE. The Executive shall be entitled to paid sick leave in accordance with the sick leave policies of the Company in effect for other senior executive officers.
(c) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS. The Executive and his spouse and eligible dependents, if any, and their respective designated beneficiaries where applicable, will be eligible for and entitled to participate in other benefits maintained by the Company for its senior executive officers, as such benefits may be modified from time to time and for all such employees, such as, without limitation, any medical, dental, pension, 401(k), accident, disability, and life insurance benefits, on a basis not less favorable than that applicable to other executives of the Company. The Executive will also be entitled to appropriate office space, administrative support, secretarial assistance, and such other facilities and services as are suitable to the Executive's positions and adequate for the performance of the Executive's duties.
(d) EXPENSES. The Executive will be entitled to reimbursement of all reasonable expenses, in accordance with the Company's policy as in effect from time to time and on a basis not less favorable than that applicable to other executives of the Company, including, without limitation, telephone, travel and entertainment expenses incurred by the Executive in connection
with the business of the Company, promptly upon the presentation by the Executive of appropriate documentation.
(e) D&O INSURANCE COVERAGE. During and for a period three (3) years after the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to director and officer insurance coverage for his acts and omissions while an officer and director of the Company on a basis no less favorable to him than the coverage provided current officers or directors.
7. TERMINATION. The employment of the Executive by the Company and this Agreement (except as otherwise provided herein) shall terminate upon the occurrence of any of the following:
(a) DEATH OR DISABILITY. Immediately upon death or Disability of the Executive. As used in this Agreement, "Disability" shall mean an inability to perform the essential functions of his duties, with or without reasonable accommodation, for a period of 90 consecutive days or a total of 180 days, during any 365-day period, in either case as a result of incapacity due to mental or physical illness which is determined to be total and permanent. A determination of Disability shall be made by a physician satisfactory to both the Executive (or his guardian) and the Company, provided that if the Executive and the Company do not agree on a physician, the Executive (or his guardian) and the Company shall each select a physician and these two together shall select a third physician, whose determination as to Disability shall be binding on all parties. The appointment of one or more individuals to carry out the offices or duties of the Executive during a period of the Executive's inability to perform such duties and pending a determination of Disability shall not be considered a breach of this Agreement by the Company.
(b) FOR CAUSE. At the election of the Company, for Cause, immediately upon written notice by the Company to the Executive unless the Executive fully corrects the circumstances constituting Cause within the cure periods provided below, if applicable. For purposes of this Agreement, "Cause" for termination shall be deemed to exist solely in the event of the following:
(i) The conviction of the Executive of, or the entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the Executive to, a felony (exclusive of a conviction, plea of guilty or nolo contendere arising solely under a statutory provision imposing criminal liability upon the Executive on a PER SE basis due to the Company offices held by the Executive, so long as any act or omission of the Executive with respect to such matter was not taken or omitted in contravention of any applicable policy or directive of the CEO or the Board);
(ii) willful breach of duty of loyalty which is materially detrimental to the Company which is not cured to the reasonable satisfaction of the CEO or the Board within fifteen (15) days following written warning to the Executive from the CEO or the Board describing the alleged circumstances provided that if there is an inconsistency in directives given by the Board as compared to a directive from the CEO, the Board directives shall control;
(iii) willful failure to perform or adhere to explicitly stated duties or guidelines of employment or to follow the directives of the CEO which continues for fifteen (15) days after written warning to the Executive that it will be deemed a basis for a "For Cause" termination;
(iv) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the Executive's duties (which is not cured by the Executive within 30 days after written warning from the CEO);
(v) the Executive's willful commission of an act of dishonesty resulting in economic or financial injury to the Company or willful commission of fraud; or
(vi) the Executive's chronic absence from work for reasons other than illness.
For purposes of this Section, no act, or failure to act, on the Executive's part will be deemed "willful" unless done, or omitted to be done, by the Executive not in good faith and without a reasonable belief that the Executive's act, or failure to act, was in the best interest of the Company. Any act, or failure to act, based upon authority given pursuant to a resolution duly adopted by the Board, a directive of the CEO, or based upon the advise of counsel for the Company shall be conclusively presumed to be done, or omitted to be done, by the Executive in good faith and in the best interests of the Company.
(c) WITHOUT CAUSE OR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Company,
without Cause, and at the election of the Executive, without Good Reason, in
either case upon sixty (60) days' prior written notice to the Executive or to
the Company, as the case may be. Provided, however, that if the Executive gives
notice, without Good Reason, the Company may waive all or a portion of the sixty
(60) days' written notice and accelerate the effective date of the termination.
(d) FOR GOOD REASON. At the election of the Executive, for Good Reason, which is not cured by the Company within thirty (30) days after written notice from the Executive to the Company setting forth a description of the circumstances constituting Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, "Good Reason" shall mean any of the following actions, omissions or events occurring without the Executive's prior written consent:
(i) The assignment to the Executive of any duties, responsibilities, or reporting requirements inconsistent with his position as Chief Accounting Officer of the Company, or any material diminishment, on a cumulative basis, of the Executive's overall duties, responsibilities, or status;
(ii) a reduction by the Company in the Executive's annual Base Salary;
(iii) the failure by the Company to honor the minimum Incentive Bonus or to honor the initial restricted stock award referenced in Sections 4 and 5 hereof, unless equitable alternative compensation arrangements (embodied in ongoing substitute or alternative plans) have been provided for the Executive;
(iv) the requirement by the Company that the principal place of business at which the Executive performs his duties be changed to a location outside the greater Dallas metropolitan area; or
(v) any material breach by the Company of any provision of this Agreement.
(e) NOTICE OF TERMINATION. Any termination by the Company for Cause, or by the Executive for Good Reason, shall be communicated by Notice of Termination to the other parties hereto given in accordance with Section 17(a) of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Notice of Termination" means a written notice which (i) indicates the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon, (ii) to the extent applicable, sets forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of the Executive's employment under the provision so indicated, and (iii) if the Date of Termination (as defined below) is other than the date of receipt of such notice, specifies the termination date (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the giving of the notice). The failure by the Executive or the Company to set forth in the Notice of Termination any fact or circumstance which contributes to a showing of Good Reason or Cause shall not waive any right of the Executive of the Company, respectively, hereunder or preclude the Executive or the Company, respectively, from asserting such fact or circumstance in enforcing the Executive's or the Company's rights hereunder.
(f) DATE OF TERMINATION. "Date of Termination" means (i) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, or by the Executive for Good Reason, the date of receipt of the Notice of Termination or any later date specified in the notice (provided that the date specified shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the giving of the notice), as the case may be, (ii) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company other than for Cause or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Company notifies the Executive of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, (iii) if the Executive's employment is terminated by the Executive without Good Reason, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the Executive notifies the Company of such termination or such later date specified in such notice, unless otherwise agreed by the Company and the Executive, and (iv) if the Executive's employment is terminated by reason of death or Disability, the Date of Termination shall be the date of death or Disability of the Executive, as the case may be.
8. EFFECTS OF TERMINATION.
(a) TERMINATION FOR DEATH OR DISABILITY; BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE AFTER INITIAL TERM; OR NON-RENEWAL BY THE COMPANY. If the employment of the Executive should terminate by reason of (i) death of the Executive or Disability, (ii) termination by the Company for any reason (other than Cause) after the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date, or (iii) the Company's failure to renew this Agreement at the initial Term ending on the Initial Termination Date or any time thereafter, then all compensation and benefits for the Executive shall be as follows:
(i) The Executive shall be paid, in a single lump sum payment within thirty (30) days after the Date of Termination, the aggregate amount of (A) the Executive's earned but unpaid Base Salary through the Date of Termination, and any Incentive Bonus
required to be paid to the Executive pursuant to Section 5(a) above for the prior calendar year to the extent not previously paid, and reimbursement of all expenses through the Date of Termination as required pursuant to Section 6(d) hereof (the "Accrued Obligations"), and (B) one (the "Severance Multiple") times the sum of (x) the Base Salary in effect on the Termination Date plus (y) the average Incentive Bonus received by the Executive for the three complete calendar years (or such lesser number of calendar years as the Executive has been employed by the Company) immediately prior to the Termination Date (the "Severance Payment").
(ii) At the time when incentive bonuses are paid to the Company's other senior executives for the calendar year of the Company in which the Date of Termination occurs, the Executive shall be paid a pro-rated Incentive Bonus in an amount equal to the product of (x) the amount of the Incentive Bonus to which the Executive would have been entitled if the Executive's employment had not been terminated, and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the applicable calendar year for which the Executive was employed through the Date of Termination and the denominator of which is the 365 days of the calendar year (a "Pro-Rated Bonus").
(iii) The Company will allow the Executive and his dependents, at the Company's cost, to continue to participate for a period of twelve (12) months following the Date of Termination in any and all of the employee welfare benefit plans of the Company in which the Executive was entitled to participate immediately prior to his termination, to the same extent and upon the same terms as the Executive participated in such plans prior to his termination (the "Other Benefits"); PROVIDED, that the Executive's continued participation is permissible under the general terms and provisions of such plans. To the extent that continued participation is not permissible, the Company shall take such actions as may be necessary to provide the Executive with substantially comparable benefits (without additional cost to the Executive) outside the scope of such plans. If the Executive engages in regular employment after his termination of employment with any organization, any employee welfare benefits received by the Executive in consideration of such employment which are similar in nature to the employee welfare benefits provided by the Company will relieve the Company of its obligation under this Section 8(a)(iii) to provide comparable benefits to the extent of the benefits so received.
(iv) The Executive's restricted shares awarded under Section 4 hereof shall immediately vest, and any annual performance shares or options awarded under Section 5(b) hereof shall immediately vest. Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 8(a), all outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(b) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY WITHOUT CAUSE DURING INITIAL TERM OR BY THE EXECUTIVE WITH GOOD REASON. In the event that the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other than Cause before the Initial
Termination Date, or by the Executive with Good Reason, the Company will pay the
Executive the same Accrued Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus, employee welfare
benefits and accelerated vesting, all as provided in Sections 8(a)(i) (ii),
(iii) and (iv) above at the times as provided in such sections. In addition, the
Executive shall be entitled to a Severance Payment determined and paid in
accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Severance Multiple
shall be two (2). Without limiting the foregoing, it is agreed that if the
Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section 8(b), all
outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards granted to
the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or awards
substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company) shall
become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) TERMINATION BY EXECUTIVE WITHOUT GOOD REASON. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Executive without Good Reason including a resignation by the Executive without Good Reason and including an election not to renew this Agreement by the Executive, the Company will pay the Executive the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Executive shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment, Pro-rated Bonus, the Other Benefits and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) hereof; provided, however, if such termination under this Section 8(c) occurs prior to the Initial Termination Date, then the Company will allow the Executive and his dependents, at the Company's cost, during the Non-Compete Period, to continue to participate in any and all of the employee welfare benefit plans of the Company in which the Executive was entitled to participate immediately prior to his termination, to the same extent and upon the same terms as the Executive participated in such plans prior to his termination as allowed under the general terms and provisions of such plans. HOWEVER, if the Executive is re-employed after his termination of employment with any organization, any employee welfare benefits received by the Executive in consideration of such employment which are similar in nature to the employee welfare benefits provided by the Company will relieve the Company of its obligation under this Section 8(c) to provide comparable benefits to the extent of the benefits so received. In addition, in consideration for the Executive's agreement for honoring the non-compete and non-solicitation covenants in Section 11 hereof for a period of one (1) year following the Date of Termination resulting from this Section 8(c) if such termination occurs prior to the Initial Termination Date, the Company shall pay the Executive a non-compete payment (the "Non-Compete Payment") equal to the Severance Payment determined with a Severance Multiple equal to one (1). The Non-Compete Payment shall be paid monthly over the one-year non-compete period in equal monthly installments of one-twelfth (1/12th) of the Non-Compete Payment. If, however, a termination under this Section 8(c) occurs after the Initial Termination Date, then the Executive shall not be entitled to the Non-Compete Payment and the Executive shall not be bound to the non-compete covenants of Section 11 hereof but only to the covenants of confidentiality set forth in Section 10 hereof.
(d) TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY FOR CAUSE. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause, the Company will pay the Executive the Accrued Obligations as provided in Section 8(a)(i) above but the Executive shall not be entitled to the Severance Payment, Pro-Rated Bonus, the Other Benefits and accelerated vesting set forth in Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) hereof.
(e) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY. Immediately upon the Date of Termination or upon the expiration of this Agreement, notwithstanding anything else to the contrary contained herein or otherwise, the Executive will stop serving the functions of his terminated or expired positions, and shall be without any of the authority or responsibility for such positions.
(f) RELEASE OF CLAIMS. As conditions of Executive's entitlement to the Severance Payment, Non-Compete Payment and benefits provided by this Agreement, the Executive shall be required to execute and honor the terms of a waiver and release of claims against the Company substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit "A" (as may be modified consistent with the purposes of such waiver and release to reflect changes in law following the date hereof).
9. CHANGE OF CONTROL.
(a) CHANGE OF CONTROL. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Change of Control" will be deemed to have taken place upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
(i) Any "person" (as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and as modified in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) other than (A) the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (B) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (C) any Remington Affiliate, (D) a company owned, directly or indirectly, by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company, or (E) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities, becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 30% or more of the shares of voting stock of the Company then outstanding;
(ii) the consummation of any merger, organization, business combination or consolidation of the Company or one of its subsidiaries with or into any other company, other than a merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation which would result in the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto holding securities which represent immediately after such merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or the surviving company or the parent of such surviving company;
(iii) the consummation of the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company's assets, other than a sale or disposition if the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto hold securities immediately thereafter which represent more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the acquiror, or parent of the acquiror, of such assets; or the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
(iv) individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the "Incumbent Board") cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;
provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election to the Board was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the Board.
(b) CERTAIN BENEFITS UPON A CHANGE OF CONTROL. If a Change in Control
occurs during the Term and the Executive's employment is terminated for any
reason on or before the one (1) year anniversary of the effective date of the
Change in Control, then the Executive shall be entitled to the Accrued
Obligations, Pro-Rated Bonus, employee welfare benefits for a period of one year
following the Date of Termination and accelerated vesting, all as provided in
Sections 8(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) above at the times as provided in such
sections. In addition, the Executive shall be entitled to a Severance Payment
determined and paid in accordance with Section 8(a)(i) above; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
the Severance Multiple shall be two (2). Without limiting the foregoing, it is
agreed that if the Executive's employment is terminated pursuant to this Section
9(b), all outstanding stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards
granted to the Executive under any of the Company's equity incentive plans (or
awards substituted therefore covering the securities of a successor company)
shall become immediately vested and exercisable in full.
(c) EXCISE TAX.
(i) In the event that any payment or benefit received or to be received by the Executive in connection with a Change of Control or the termination of the Executive's employment (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other plan, arrangement or agreement with the Company, any person whose actions result in a Change of Control or any person affiliated with the Company or such person) (all such payments and benefits being hereinafter called "Total Payments") will be subject (in whole or part) to the excise tax (the "Excise Tax") imposed under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), then, subject to the provisions of Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Company will pay to the Executive an additional amount (the "Gross-Up Payment") such that the net amount retained by the Executive, after deduction of any Excise Tax on the Total Payments and any federal, state and local income tax and Excise Tax upon the payment provided for by this Section 9(c)(i), will be equal to the Total Payments. For purposes of determining the amount of the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive will be deemed to pay federal income taxes at the highest marginal rate of federal income taxation in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is to be made and state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation in the state and locality of the Executive's residence on such date, net of the maximum reduction in federal income taxes which could be obtained from deduction of such state and local taxes.
(ii) In the event that, after giving effect to any redeterminations described in Section 9(c)(iv) hereof, a reduction in the Total Payments to the largest amount that would result in no portion of the Total Payments being subject to the Excise Tax (after
taking into account any reduction in the Total Payments provided by reason of Section 280G of the Code in such other plan, arrangement or agreement) would produce a net amount (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax on such reduced Total Payments) that would be greater than the net amount of unreduced Total Payments (after deduction of the net amount of federal, state and local income tax and the amount of Excise Tax to which the Executive would be subject in respect of such Total Payments), then Section 9(c)(i) hereof will not apply and the Total Payments will be so reduced.
(iii) The determination of whether any of the Total Payments will be subject to the Excise Tax and the amount of such Excise Tax will be made by the Company's independent auditors. The Company will provide the Executive with its calculation of the amounts referred to in this Section 9(c) and such supporting materials as are reasonably necessary for the Executive to evaluate the Company's calculations. If the Executive disputes the Company's calculations (in whole or in part), the reasonable opinion of the Company's independent auditors with respect to the matter in dispute will prevail.
(iv) In the event that (A) the Excise Tax is subsequently
determined to be less than the amount taken into account hereunder at
the time of payment of the Total Payments and (B) after giving effect
to such redetermination, the Total Payments are reduced pursuant to
Section 9(c)(ii) hereof, the Executive will repay to the Company, at
the time that the amount of such reduction in Excise Tax is finally
determined, the portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to such
reduction (plus that portion of the Gross-Up Payment attributable to
the Excise Tax and federal, state and local income tax imposed on the
Gross-Up Payment being repaid by the Executive to the extent that such
repayment results in a reduction in the Excise Tax and/or a federal,
state or local income tax deduction) plus interest on the amount of
such repayment at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the
Code. In the event that (X) the Excise Tax is determined to exceed the
amount taken into account hereunder at the time of the termination of
the Executive's employment (including by reason of any payment the
existence or amount of which cannot be determined at the time of the
Gross-Up Payment) and (Y) after giving effect to such redetermination,
the Total Payments are not reduced pursuant to Section 9(c)(ii) hereof,
the Company will make an additional Gross-Up Payment in respect of such
excess and in respect of any portion of the Excise Tax with respect to
which the Company had not previously made a Gross-Up Payment (plus any
interest, penalties or additions payable by the Executive with respect
to such excess and such portion) at the time that the amount of such
excess is finally determined.
(v) The Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of a Gross-Up Payment or might entitle the Company to the refund of all or part of any previous Gross-Up Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) business days after the Executive is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is required to be paid. The Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the thirty (30) day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company. If the Company
notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such
period that it desires to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (i)
give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company
relating to such claim; (ii) take such action in connection with
contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in
writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting
legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney jointly
selected by the Executive and the Company; (iii) cooperate with the
Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim; and
(iv) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to
such claim. The Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and
expenses (including legal fees and additional interest and penalties)
incurred in connection with such contest and shall indemnify and hold
the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or
income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto)
imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and
expenses.
(vi) Without limitation on the foregoing, the Company shall control all audits and proceedings taken in connection with any claim, audit or proceeding involving Excise Taxes or Gross-Up Payments and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of any such claim, audit or proceeding and may, at its sole option, either direct the Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the tax in any permissible manner, and the Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to a determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the Company directs the Executive to pay such tax and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to the Executive, on an interest-free basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance. The Company's control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which such a Gross-Up Payment would be payable or refundable hereunder and the Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issue.
10. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. The Executive recognizes and acknowledges that the Executive has and will have access to confidential and proprietary information of the Company which constitute valuable, special, and unique assets of the Company. The term "Confidential Information" as used in this Agreement shall mean all information which is known only to the Executive, the Company, other employees of the Company, or others in a confidential relationship with the Company, and relating to the Company's business (including, without limitation, information regarding clients, customers, pricing policies, methods of operation, proprietary company programs, sales, acquisitions, products, profits, costs, conditions (financial or other), cash flows, key personnel, formulae, product applications, technical processes, and trade secrets, as such information may exist from time to time, which the Executive acquired or obtained by virtue of work performed for the Company, or which the Executive may acquire or may have acquired knowledge of during the performance of said work.
The Executive acknowledges that the Company has put in place certain policies and practices to keep such Confidential Information secret, including disclosing the information only on a need-to-know basis. The Executive further acknowledges that the Confidential Information has been developed or acquired by the Company through the expenditure of substantial time, effort, and money and provides the Company with an advantage over competitors who do not know such Confidential Information. Finally, the Executive acknowledges that such Confidential Information, if revealed to or used for the benefit of the Company's competitors or in a manner contrary to the Company's interests, would cause extensive and immeasurable harm to the Company and to the Company's competitive position.
The Executive shall not, during or after the Term or at any time after this Agreement ends, for a period of two (2) years thereafter, use for personal gain or detrimentally to the Company all or any part of the Confidential Information, or disclose or make available all or any part of the Confidential Information to any person, firm, corporation, association, or any other entity for any reason or purpose whatsoever, directly or indirectly, except as may be required pursuant to his employment hereunder, unless and until such Confidential Information becomes publicly available other than as a consequence of the breach by the Executive of his confidentiality obligations hereunder.
The Executive acknowledges that the Confidential Information shall remain at all times the exclusive property of the Company, and no license is granted. In the event of the termination of his employment, whether voluntary or involuntary and whether by the Company or the Executive, or within seven (7) business days of the Company's request under any other circumstances, the Executive shall deliver to the Company all Confidential Information, in any form whatsoever, including electronic formats, and shall not take with him any Confidential Information or any reproductions (in whole or in part) or extracts of any items relating to the Confidential Information. The Company acknowledges that prior to his employment with the Company, the Executive has lawfully acquired extensive knowledge of the industries in which the Company engages in business including, without limitation, markets, valuation methods and techniques, capital markets, investor relationships and similar items, and that the provisions of this Section 10 are not intended to restrict the Executive's use of such previously acquired knowledge.
In the event that the Executive receives a request or is required (by deposition, interrogatory, request for documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar process) to disclose all or any part of the Confidential Information, the Executive agrees to (a) promptly notify the Company of the existence, terms and circumstances surrounding such request or requirement, (b) consult with the Company on the advisability of taking legally available steps to resist or narrow such request or requirement and (c) assist the Company in seeking a protective order or other appropriate remedy; provided, however, that the Executive shall not be required to take any action in violation of applicable laws. In the event that such protective order or other remedy is not obtained or that the Company waives compliance with the provisions hereof, the Executive shall not be liable for such disclosure unless disclosure to any such tribunal was caused by or resulted from a previous disclosure by the Executive not permitted by this Agreement.
11. NON-COMPETITION AND NONSOLICITATION. During the Term and any
Non-Compete Period (hereinafter defined), the Executive will not, directly or
indirectly, either as a principal, agent, employee, employer, stockholder or
partner: (i) engage in any "Competitive Business"; or (ii) employ or solicit the
employment of, or assist others in employing or soliciting the employment of,
any individual employed by the Company at any time while the Executive was also
so employed; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the foregoing shall not prohibit or limit the
Executive's right to pursue and maintain passive investments allowed pursuant to
Section 1(c) hereof.
For purposes of this Section 11, "Competitive Business" means acquiring, investing in or with respect to, owning, leasing, managing or developing hotel properties in the United States or originating or acquiring loans in respect of hotel properties in the United States where the Executive has duties or performs services that are the same or similar to those services actually performed by the Executive for the Company.
For purposes of this Section 11, the "Non-Compete Period" shall mean:
(i) In the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of Disability, or a termination by the Executive without Good Reason (including, without limitation, a resignation by the Executive without Good Reason), at any time prior to the Initial Termination Date, a period during the Term and ending one (1) year after the Date of Termination; and
(ii) in the case of a termination of the Executive's employment as a result of (a) a Change in Control, (b) a termination by the Executive for Good Reason, or (c) a termination by the Company for Cause or without Cause or (d) a termination by the Executive without Good Reason (including an election not to renew this Agreement by the Executive) at any time after the Initial Termination Date, the Non-Compete Period shall only extend through the end of the Term.
The Executive acknowledges that the services provided by the Executive are of a special, unique, and extraordinary nature. The Executive further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company will enhance his value to a Competitive Business, and that the nature of the Confidential Information to which the Executive has immediate access and will continue to have access during the course of his employment makes it difficult, if not impossible, for him to engage in any Competitive Business or work in any capacity similar to the Executive's duties or services with the Company without disclosing or utilizing the Confidential Information. The Executive further acknowledges that his work and experience with the Company places him in a position of trust with the Company.
The Executive agrees that restraints imposed upon him pursuant to this
Section are necessary for the reasonable and proper protection of the Company
and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and that each and every one of the
restraints is reasonable in respect to subject matter, length of time and
geographic area. The parties further agree that, in the event that any provision
of this Section shall be determined by any court of competent jurisdiction to be
unenforceable by reason of its being extended over too great a time, too large a
geographic area or too great a
range of activities, such provision shall be deemed to be modified to permit its enforcement to the maximum extent permitted by law.
12. NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent or limit the Executive's continuing or future participation in any plan, program, policy or practice provided by the Company and for which the Executive may qualify, nor shall anything herein limit or otherwise affect such rights as the Executive may have under any contract or agreement with the Company. Amounts which are vested benefits or which the Executive is otherwise entitled to receive under any plan, policy, practice or program of or any contract agreement with the Company at or subsequent to the Date of Termination shall be payable in accordance with such plan, policy, practice or program or contract or agreement except as explicitly modified by this Agreement.
13. FULL SETTLEMENT. The Company's obligation to make the payments
provided for in this Agreement and otherwise to perform its obligations
hereunder shall not be affected by any set-off, counterclaim, recoupment,
defense or other claim, right or action which the Company may have against the
Executive or others. In no event shall the Executive be obligated to seek other
employment or take any other action by way of mitigation of the amounts payable
to the Executive under any of the provisions of this Agreement and except as
expressly provided, such amounts shall not be reduced whether or not the
Executive obtains other employment. The Company agrees to pay as incurred
(within 30 days following the Company's receipt of an invoice from the
Executive), to the full extent permitted by law, all reasonable legal fees and
expenses which the Executive or his beneficiaries may reasonably incur as a
result of any contest (regardless of the outcome thereof) by the Company, the
Executive or others of the validity or enforceability of, or liability under,
any provision of this Agreement or any guarantee of performance thereof
(including as a result of any contest by the Executive or his beneficiaries
about the amount of any payment pursuant to this Agreement), plus in each case
interest on any delayed payment at the applicable Federal rate provided for in
Section 7872(f)(2)(a) of the Code. The preceding sentence shall not apply with
respect to any such contest if the court having jurisdiction over such contest
determines that the Executive's claim in such contest is frivolous or maintained
in bad faith.
14. DISPUTES.
(a) EQUITABLE RELIEF. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that upon any breach by the Executive of his obligations under Sections 10 or 11 hereof, the Company will have no adequate remedy at law, and accordingly will be entitled to specific performance and other appropriate injunctive and equitable relief.
(b) ARBITRATION. Excluding only requests for equitable relief by the Company under Section 14(a) of this Agreement, in the event that there is any claim or dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, and the parties hereto shall not have resolved such claim or dispute within 60 days after written notice from one party to the other setting forth the nature of such claim or dispute, then such claim or dispute shall be settled exclusively by binding arbitration in Dallas, Texas in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association by an arbitrator mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto or, in the absence of such agreement, by an arbitrator selected according to
such Rules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if either the Company or the Executive shall request, such arbitration shall be conducted by a panel of three arbitrators, one selected by the Company, one selected by the Executive and the third selected by agreement of the first two, or, in the absence of such agreement, in accordance with such Rules. Neither party shall have the right to claim or recover punitive damages. Judgment upon the award rendered by such arbitrator(s) shall be entered in any Court having jurisdiction thereof upon the application of either party.
15. INDEMNIFICATION. The Company will indemnify the Executive, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, against all costs, charges and expenses incurred or sustained by the Executive, including the cost of legal counsel selected and retained by the Executive in connection with any action, suit or proceeding to which the Executive may be made a party by reason of the Executive being or having been an officer, director, or employee of the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate of the Company.
16. COOPERATION IN FUTURE MATTERS. The Executive hereby agrees that, for a period of one (1) year following his termination of employment, he shall cooperate with the Company's reasonable requests relating to matters that pertain to the Executive's employment by the Company, including, without limitation, providing information or limited consultation as to such matters, participating in legal proceedings, investigations or audits on behalf of the Company, or otherwise making himself reasonably available to the Company for other related purposes. Any such cooperation shall be performed at times scheduled taking into consideration the Executive's other commitments, including business and family matters, and the Executive shall be compensated at a reasonable hourly or PER DIEM rate to be agreed by the parties to the extent such cooperation is required on more than an occasional and limited basis. The Executive shall not be required to perform such cooperation to the extent it conflicts with any requirements of exclusivity of services for another employer or otherwise, nor in any manner that in the good faith belief of the Executive would conflict with his rights under or ability to enforce this Agreement.
17. GENERAL.
(a) NOTICES. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing or by written telecommunication, and shall be deemed to have been duly given if delivered personally or if sent by overnight courier or by certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid or sent by written telecommunication or telecopy, to the relevant address set forth below, or to such other address as the recipient of such notice or communication shall have specified to the other party hereto in accordance with this Section 17(a).
If to the Company, to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chairman of the Board of Directors with a copy to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chief Legal Officer |
If to the Executive, at his last residence shown on the records of the Company,
Any such notice shall be effective (i) if delivered personally, when received,
(ii) if sent by overnight courier, when receipted for, and (iii) if mailed, two
(2) days after being mailed as described above.
(b) SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any law, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof shall not in any way be affected or impaired.
(c) WAIVERS. No delay or omission by either party hereto in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall impair such right, power or privilege, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.
(d) COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. In making proof of this Agreement, it shall not be necessary to produce or account for more than one such counterpart.
(e) ASSIGNS. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company's successors and the Executive's personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Executive, it being understood and agreed that this is a contract for the Executive's personal services. This Agreement shall not be assignable by the Company except in connection with a transaction involving the succession by a third party to all or substantially all of the Company's business and/or assets (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise), in which case such successor shall assume this Agreement and expressly agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform it in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term "Company" shall include any successor to the Company's business and/or assets that executes and delivers the assumption agreement described in the immediately preceding sentence or that becomes bound by this Agreement by operation of law.
(f) ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement contains the entire understanding of the parties, supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral, relating to the subject matter hereof and may not be amended except by a written instrument hereafter signed by the Executive and a duly authorized representative of the Board.
(g) GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement and the performance hereof shall be construed and governed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas, without giving effect
to principles of conflicts of law. Jurisdiction and venue shall be solely in the federal or state courts of Dallas County, Texas. This provision should not be read as a waiver of any right to removal to federal court in Dallas County.
(h) CONSTRUCTION. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rule of strict construction will be applied against any party. The headings of sections of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect its meaning or construction.
(i) PAYMENTS AND EXERCISE OF RIGHTS AFTER DEATH. Any amounts due hereunder after the Executive's death shall be paid to the Executive's designated beneficiary or beneficiaries, whether received as a designated beneficiary or by will or the laws of descent and distribution. The Executive may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries for all purposes of this Agreement, and may change at any time such designation, by notice to the Company making specific reference to this Agreement. If no designated beneficiary survives the Executive or the Executive fails to designate a beneficiary for purposes of this Agreement prior to his death, all amounts thereafter due hereunder shall be paid, as and when payable, to his spouse, if she survives the Executive, and otherwise to his estate.
(j) CONSULTATION WITH COUNSEL. The Executive acknowledges that he has had a full and complete opportunity to consult with counsel or other advisers of his own choosing concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement, and that the Company has not made any representations or warranties to the Executive concerning the terms, enforceability and implications of this Agreement other than as are reflected in this Agreement.
(k) WITHHOLDING. Any payments provided for in this Agreement shall be paid net of any applicable tax withholding required under federal, state or local law.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed under seal as of the date first above written.
REIT:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
OPERATING PARTNERSHIP:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
By: Ashford OP General Partner, LLC
EXECUTIVE:
EXHIBIT "A"
RELEASE AND WAIVER
THIS RELEASE AND WAIVER (the "Termination Release") is made as of the _____ day of ___________, 2003 by MARK NUNNELEY (the "Executive").
WHEREAS, the Executive, Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the "REIT"), and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership") have entered into an Employment Agreement (the "Agreement") dated as of ________________, 2003 and providing certain compensation and severance amounts upon the Executive's termination of employment; and
WHEREAS, the Executive has agreed, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, to execute a release and waiver in the form set forth in this Termination Release in consideration of the REIT and the Operating Partnership (collectively, the "Company") agreement to provide the compensation and severance amounts upon the Executive's termination of employment set out in the Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive desire to settle all rights, duties and obligations between them, including without limitation all such rights, duties, and obligations arising under the Agreement or otherwise out of the Executive's employment by the Company;
NOW THEREFORE, intending to be legally bound and for good and valid consideration the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Executive agrees as follows:
1. RELEASE. (a) The Executive knowingly and voluntarily releases,
acquits, covenants not to sue and forever discharges the Company, and its
respective owners, parents, stockholders, predecessors, successors, assigns,
agents, directors, officers, employees, representatives, divisions and
subsidiaries (collectively, the "Releasees") from any and all charges,
complaints, claims, liabilities, obligations, promises, agreements, damages,
causes of action, suits, rights, costs, losses, debts and expenses of any nature
whatsoever, known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, foreseen or unforeseen,
matured or unmatured, against them which the Executive or any of his heirs,
executors, administrators, successors and assigns ever had, now has or at any
time hereafter may have, own or hold by reason of any matter, fact, or cause
whatsoever from the beginning of time up to and including the date of this
Termination Release, including without limitation all claims arising under the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Family and Medical Leave Act of
1993, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Texas Labor Code
Section 21.001, et seq. (Texas Employment Discrimination); Texas Labor Code
Section 61.001, et seq. (Texas Pay Day Act); Texas Labor Code Section 62.002, et
seq. (Texas Minimum Wage Act); Texas Labor Code Section 201.001, et seq. (Texas
Unemployment Compensation Act); Texas Labor Code Section 401.001, et seq.,
specifically Section 451.001 formerly codified as Article 8307c of the Revised
Civil Statutes (Texas Workers' Compensation Act and Discrimination Issues); and
Texas Genetic Information and Testing Law, each as amended, or any other
federal, state or local laws, rules, regulations, judicial decisions or public
policies now or hereafter recognized.
(a) The Executive represents that he has not filed or permitted to be filed against the Releasee, any complaints, charges or lawsuits and covenants and agrees that he will not seek or be entitled to any personal recovery in any court or before any governmental agency, arbitrator or self-regulatory body against any of the Releasees arising out of any matters set forth in Section 1(a) hereof. Nothing herein shall prevent the Executive from seeking to enforce his rights under the Agreement. The Executive does not hereby waive or release his rights to any benefits under the Company's employee benefit plans to which he is or will be entitled pursuant to the terms of such plans in the ordinary course.
2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. The Company has advised the Executive to consult with an attorney of his choosing prior to signing this Termination Release and the Executive hereby represents to the Company that he has been offered an opportunity to consult with an attorney prior to signing this Termination Release. The Company has also advised the Executive that Executive has up to twenty-one days to consider and sign the Release and Waiver and up to seven days after signing in which to revoke acceptance by giving notice to ______________________________ at _____________ by personal delivery or by mail postmarked no later than the seventh day after the Executive signs the Release and Waiver.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Executive has executed this Termination Release under seal as of the day and year first above written.
EXHIBIT 10.10
HOTEL MASTER MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
BY AND BETWEEN
ASHFORD TRS CORPORATION,
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
AND
REMINGTON LODGING & HOSPITALITY, L.P.,
A DELAWARE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Hotel Master Management Agreement
Ashford TRS Corporation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ARTICLE I DEFINITION OF TERMS.....................................................................................1 1.01 Definition of Terms...................................................................................1 ARTICLE II TERM OF AGREEMENT.....................................................................................11 2.01 Term.................................................................................................11 2.02 Actions to be Taken upon Termination.................................................................12 2.03 Early Termination Rights; Liquidated Damages.........................................................13 2.04 Substitution of Initial Hotel........................................................................17 ARTICLE III PREMISES.............................................................................................17 ARTICLE IV APPOINTMENT OF MANAGER................................................................................17 4.01 Appointment..........................................................................................17 4.02 Delegation of Authority..............................................................................17 4.03 Contracts, Equipment Leases and Other Agreements.....................................................18 4.04 Alcoholic Beverage/Liquor Licensing Requirements.....................................................18 ARTICLE V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.........................................................................18 5.01 Lessee Representations...............................................................................18 5.02 Manager Representations..............................................................................19 ARTICLE VI OPERATION.............................................................................................20 6.01 Name of Premises; Standard of Operation..............................................................20 6.02 Use of Premises......................................................................................21 6.03 Group Services.......................................................................................21 6.04 Right to Inspect.....................................................................................22 ARTICLE VII WORKING CAPITAL AND INVENTORIES......................................................................22 7.01 Working Capital and Inventories......................................................................22 7.02 Fixed Asset Supplies.................................................................................23 ARTICLE VIII MAINTENANCE, REPLACEMENT AND CHANGES................................................................23 8.01 Routine and Non-Routine Repairs and Maintenance......................................................23 8.02 Capital Improvement Reserve..........................................................................24 ARTICLE IX EMPLOYEES.............................................................................................28 9.01 Employee Hiring......................................................................................28 9.02 Costs; Benefit Plans.................................................................................29 9.03 Manager's Employees..................................................................................29 9.04 Special Projects - Corporate Employees...............................................................29 9.05 Termination..........................................................................................30 9.06 Employee Use of Hotel................................................................................30 9.07 Non-Solicitation.....................................................................................30 ARTICLE X BUDGET, STANDARDS AND CONTRACTS........................................................................31 |
Hotel Master Management Agreement
Ashford TRS Corporation
10.01 Annual Operating Budget...........................................................................31 10.02 Budget Approval...................................................................................31 10.03 Operation Pending Approval........................................................................32 10.04 Budget Meetings...................................................................................32 ARTICLE XI OPERATING DISTRIBUTIONS...............................................................................32 11.01 Management Fee....................................................................................32 11.02 Accounting and Interim Payment....................................................................33 ARTICLE XII INSURANCE............................................................................................33 12.01 Insurance.........................................................................................33 12.02 Replacement Cost..................................................................................35 12.03 Increase in Limits................................................................................35 12.04 Blanket Policy....................................................................................35 12.05 Costs and Expenses................................................................................35 12.06 Policies and Endorsements.........................................................................35 12.07 Termination.......................................................................................36 ARTICLE XIII TAXES AND DEBT SERVICE..............................................................................36 13.01 Taxes.............................................................................................36 13.02 Debt Service; Ground Lease Payments...............................................................37 ARTICLE XIV BANK ACCOUNTS........................................................................................37 ARTICLE XV ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.....................................................................................38 15.01 Books and Records.................................................................................38 15.02 Monthly Financial Statements......................................................................38 15.03 Annual Financial Statements.......................................................................39 ARTICLE XVI PAYMENT BY LESSEE....................................................................................39 16.01 Payment of Base Management Fee....................................................................39 16.02 Distributions.....................................................................................39 16.03 Payment Option....................................................................................39 ARTICLE XVII RELATIONSHIP AND AUTHORITY..........................................................................41 ARTICLE XVIII DAMAGE, CONDEMNATION AND FORCE MAJEURE.............................................................41 18.01 Damage and Repair.................................................................................41 18.02 Condemnation......................................................................................41 18.03 Force Majeure.....................................................................................42 18.04 Liquidated Damages if Casualty....................................................................42 18.05 No Liquidated Damages if Condemnation or Force Majeure............................................43 ARTICLE XIX DEFAULT AND TERMINATION..............................................................................43 19.01 Events of Default.................................................................................43 19.02 Consequence of Default............................................................................44 |
Hotel Master Management Agreement
Ashford TRS Corporation
ARTICLE XX WAIVER AND INVALIDITY.................................................................................44 20.01 Waiver............................................................................................44 20.02 Partial Invalidity................................................................................44 ARTICLE XXI ASSIGNMENT...........................................................................................45 ARTICLE XXII NOTICES.............................................................................................45 ARTICLE XXIII SUBORDINATION; NON-DISTURBANCE.....................................................................46 23.01 Subordination.....................................................................................46 23.02 Non-Disturbance Agreement.........................................................................47 ARTICLE XXIV PROPRIETARY MARKS; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY............................................................47 24.01 Proprietary Marks.................................................................................47 24.02 Computer Software and Equipment...................................................................47 24.03 Intellectual Property.............................................................................48 24.04 Books and Records.................................................................................48 ARTICLE XXV INDEMNIFICATION......................................................................................48 25.01 Manager Indemnity.................................................................................48 25.02 Lessee Indemnity..................................................................................49 25.03 Indemnification Procedure.........................................................................49 25.04 Survival..........................................................................................50 25.05 No Successor Liability............................................................................50 ARTICLE XXVI FUTURE HOTELS.......................................................................................50 ARTICLE XXVII GOVERNING LAW VENUE................................................................................51 ARTICLE XXVIII MISCELLANEOUS.....................................................................................51 28.01 Rights to Make Agreement..........................................................................51 28.02 Agency............................................................................................51 28.03 Failure to Perform................................................................................51 28.04 Headings..........................................................................................52 28.05 Attorneys' Fees and Costs.........................................................................52 28.06 Entire Agreement..................................................................................52 28.07 Consents..........................................................................................52 28.08 Eligible Independent Contractor...................................................................52 28.09 Environmental Matters.............................................................................53 28.10 Equity and Debt Offerings.........................................................................53 28.11 Estoppel Certificates.............................................................................54 28.12 Confidentiality...................................................................................54 28.13 Modification......................................................................................55 28.14 Counterparts......................................................................................55 |
Hotel Master Management Agreement
Ashford TRS Corporation
HOTEL MASTER MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
THIS HOTEL MASTER MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT is made and entered into on this ___ day of __________, 2003, by and between ASHFORD TRS CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (hereinafter referred to as "LESSEE"), REMINGTON LODGING & HOSPITALITY, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (hereinafter referred to as "MANAGER"), and for the limited purposes of ARTICLE VIII herein, the Landlords (defined below).
RECITALS:
1. Lessee is the tenant under the Leases (defined below) covering those certain hotel properties, fully equipped with furniture and fixtures, and more particularly described by address location, franchise name and room number information, on EXHIBIT "A" attached hereto (the hotels, together with all ancillary facilities, improvements and amenities set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto as such exhibit exists as of the date of this Agreement, herein called the "INITIAL HOTELS").
2. Lessee desires to retain Manager to manage and operate the Initial Hotels and any Future Hotels (as defined below), and Manager is willing to perform such services for the account of Lessee, all as more particularly set forth in this Agreement.
AGREEMENTS:
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.01 DEFINITION OF TERMS. The following terms when used in this Agreement shall have the meanings indicated below.
"ACCOUNTING PERIOD" shall mean a calendar month.
"AGREEMENT" shall mean this Master Management Agreement, and all amendments, modifications, supplements, consolidations, extensions and revisions to this Master Management Agreement approved by Lessee and Manager in accordance with the provisions hereof.
"AHT" means Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation.
"AMENDMENT" shall have the meaning as set forth in ARTICLE XXVI.
"ANNUAL OPERATING BUDGET" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 10.01.
"AOB OBJECTION NOTICE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 10.02.
"APPLICABLE STANDARDS" shall mean standards of operation for the Premises which are (a) in accordance with the requirements of the applicable Franchise Agreement, this Agreement
Hotel Master Management Agreement
Ashford TRS Corporation
and all CCRs affecting the Premises and of which true and complete copies have
been made available by Lessee to Manager, (b) in accordance with applicable
Legal Requirements, (c) in accordance with the terms and conditions of any Hotel
Mortgage or Ground Lease to the extent not otherwise inconsistent with the terms
of this Agreement (to the extent Lessee has made available to Manager true and
complete copies of the applicable loan documents relating to any such Hotel
Mortgage and/or the Ground Leases), (d) in accordance with the Leases (to the
extent Lessee has made available to Manager a true and complete copy thereof),
(e) in accordance with the requirements of any carrier having insurance on the
Hotels or any part thereof (to the extent Manager has been given written notice
of such requirements or policies and/or has coordinated same on behalf of
Lessee), and (f) in accordance with the requirements of Section 856(d)(9)(D) of
the Code for qualifying each of the Hotels as a Qualified Lodging Facility.
"APPROVAL REQUIREMENT" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 8.02I.
"BASE MANAGEMENT FEE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 11.01A.
"BENEFIT PLANS" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 9.02.
"BLACK-SCHOLES AMOUNT" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 16.03B.
"BLACK-SCHOLES MODEL" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 16.03B.
"BUSINESS DAY" shall mean any day excluding (i) Saturday, (ii) Sunday,
(iii) any day which is a legal holiday under the laws of the States of New York,
Maryland or Texas, and (iv) any day on which banking institutions located in
such states are generally not open for the conduct of regular business.
"BUDGETED GOP" shall mean the Gross Operating Profit as set forth in the Annual Operating Budget for the applicable Fiscal Year, as approved by Lessee and Manager pursuant to ARTICLE X hereof.
"CCRS" shall mean those certain restrictive covenants encumbering the Premises recorded in the real property records of the county where such premises are located, as described in the owner policies of title insurance relating to such premises, a copy of which are acknowledged received by the Manager.
"CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT BUDGET" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 8.02E.
"CASH MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS" shall mean agreements, if any, entered into by Lessee, Landlord and a Holder for the collection and disbursement of any lease payments by Lessee to Landlord under the applicable Lease with respect to the applicable Premises, which constitute a part of the loan documents executed and delivered in connection with any Hotel Mortgage by Landlord.
"CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT RESERVE" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 8.02A.
"CIB OBJECTION NOTICE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 8.02E.
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"CPI" means the Consumer Price Index, published for all Urban Consumers for the U.S. City Average for All Items, 1982-84=100 issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor, as published in the Wall Street Journal.
"CODE" shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
"COMMENCEMENT DATE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 2.01.
"COMPETITIVE SET" shall initially mean for each Hotel, the hotels situated in the same market segment as such Hotel as noted on SCHEDULE 1 attached hereto, which competitive set shall include the applicable Hotel. The Competitive Set may be changed from time to time by mutual agreement of Lessee and Manager to reasonably and accurately reflect a set within the market of such Hotel that is comparable in rate quality and in operation to such Hotel and directly competitive with such Hotel. The requirements for the Competitive Set are not applicable to any of the Initial Hotels until after the expiration of the base 10 year term of this Agreement.
"CONTRACT(s)" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 4.03.
"DEBT SERVICE" shall mean actual scheduled payments of principal and interest, including accrued and cumulative interest, payable by a Landlord with respect to any Hotel Mortgage.
"DEDUCTIONS" shall mean the following matters:
1. Employee Costs and Expenses (including, Employee Claims but excluding Excluded Employee Claims);
2. Administrative and general expenses and the cost of advertising and business promotion, heat, light, power, communications (i.e., telephone, fax, cable service and internet) and other utilities and routine repairs, maintenance and minor alterations pertaining to the Premises;
3. The cost of replacing, maintaining or replenishing Inventories and Fixed Asset Supplies consumed in the operation of the Premises;
4. A reasonable reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable as reasonably determined by Manager and approved by Lessee (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld);
5. All costs and fees of independent accountants, attorneys or other third parties who perform services related to the Hotels or the operation thereof, including, without limitation, an allocation of costs of Manager's in-house corporate counsel who performs legal services directly for the benefit of the Hotels to be allocated on a fair and equitable cost basis as reasonably determined by Manager and approved by Lessee (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld);
6. The cost and expense of non-routine technical consultants and operational experts for specialized services in connection with the Premises, including, without
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limitation, an allocation of costs of Manager's corporate staff who may perform special services directly related to the Hotels such as sales and marketing, revenue management, training, property tax services, federal, state and/or local tax services, recruiting, and similar functions or services as set forth in SECTION 9.04, to be allocated on a fair and equitable cost basis as reasonably determined by Manager and approved by Lessee (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld);
7. Insurance costs and expenses as provided in ARTICLE XII;
8. Real estate and personal property taxes levied or assessed against the Premises by duly authorized taxing authorities and such other taxes, if any, payable by or assessed against Manager or the Premises related to the operation and/or ownership of the Premises;
9. Franchise fees, royalties, license fees, or compensation or consideration paid or payable to the Franchisor (as hereinafter defined), or any successor Franchisor, pursuant to a Franchise Agreement (as hereinafter defined);
10. The Premises' allocable share of the actual costs and expenses
incurred by Manager in providing Group Services as provided in
SECTION 6.03 hereof;
11. The Management Fee;
12. Rental payments made under equipment leases; and
13. Other expenses incurred in connection with the maintenance or operation of the Premises not expressly set forth above and authorized pursuant to this Agreement.
Deductions shall not include: (a) depreciation and amortization, (b) Debt Service, (c) Ground Lease Payments, or (d) payments allocated or made to the Capital Improvement Reserve.
"DESIGNATED FEES" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 16.03.
"EFFECTIVE DATE" shall mean the date this Agreement is fully executed and delivered.
"ELIGIBLE INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR" shall have the meaning as set forth
in SECTION 28.08.
"EMERGENCY EXPENSES" shall mean any expenses, regardless of amount, which, in Manager's reasonable judgment, are immediately necessary to protect the physical integrity or lawful operation of the Hotels or the health or safety of its occupants.
"EMPLOYEE CLAIMS" shall mean any claims (including all fines, judgments, penalties, costs, litigation and/or arbitration expenses, attorneys' fees and expenses, and costs of settlement with respect to any such claim) made by or in respect of an employee or potential hire of Manager against Manager and/or Lessee which are based on a violation or alleged violation of the Employment Laws or alleged contractual obligations.
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"EMPLOYEE COSTS AND EXPENSES" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 9.03.
"EMPLOYEE RELATED TERMINATION COSTS" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 9.05.
"EMPLOYMENT LAWS" shall mean all applicable federal, state and local laws (including, without limitation, any statutes, regulations, ordinances or common laws) regarding the employment, hiring or discharge of persons.
"EVENT(s) OF DEFAULT" shall have the meaning set forth in ARTICLE XIX.
"EXCLUDED EMPLOYEE CLAIMS" shall mean any Employee Claims (a) to the
extent attributable to a substantial violation by Manager of Employment Laws, or
(b) which do not arise from an isolated act of an individual employee but rather
is the direct result of corporate policies of Manager which either encourage or
fail to discourage the conduct from which such Employee Claim arises.
"EXECUTIVE EMPLOYEES" shall mean each member of the senior executive or Premises level staff and each department head of the Hotels.
"EXPIRATION DATE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 2.01.
"FF&E" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 8.01.
"FISCAL YEAR" shall mean the twelve (12) month calendar year ending December 31, except that the first Fiscal Year and last Fiscal Year of the term of this Agreement may not be full calendar years.
"FIXED ASSET SUPPLIES" shall mean supply items included within "Property and Equipment" under the Uniform System of Accounts, including linen, china, glassware, silver, uniforms, and similar items.
"FORCE MAJEURE" shall mean any act of God (including adverse weather conditions); act of the state or federal government in its sovereign or contractual capacity; war; civil disturbance, riot or mob violence; terrorism; earthquake, flood, fire or other casualty; epidemic; quarantine restriction; labor strikes or lock out; freight embargo; civil disturbance; or similar causes beyond the reasonable control of Manager.
"FRANCHISOR" shall mean those certain franchisors and any successor franchisors selected by Lessee (subject to the terms of the Leases) identified on EXHIBIT "C" attached hereto (as modified from time to time).
"FRANCHISE AGREEMENT" shall mean those certain license agreements between a Franchisor and Lessee and/or Landlord, as applicable, as such license agreements are amended from time to time, and any other contract hereafter entered into between Lessee and/or Landlord, as applicable, and such Franchisor pertaining to the name and operating procedures, systems and standards for the Hotels, as described on EXHIBIT "C" attached hereto (as modified from time to time).
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"FULL REPLACEMENT COST" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 12.02.
"FUTURE HOTELS" shall mean any hotel or motel properties leased after the date hereof by Lessee from Affiliates of the Partnership as more particularly described in ARTICLE XXVI hereof.
"GAAP" shall mean generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied as recognized by the accounting industry and standards within the United States.
"GENERAL MANAGER" or "GENERAL MANAGERS" shall have the meanings as set forth in SECTION 9.07.
"GOP TEST" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 11.01B.
"GROSS OPERATING PROFIT" shall mean the actual gross operating profit of the Premises determined generally in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, consistently applied and consistent with the determination thereof in the Annual Operating Budget.
"GROSS OPERATING PROFIT MARGIN" shall mean for any applicable Fiscal Year, the quotient expressed as a percentage, (i) the numerator of which is the Gross Operating Profit, and (ii) the denominator of which is Gross Revenues.
"GROSS REVENUES" shall mean all revenues and receipts of every kind
received from operating the Premises and all departments and parts thereof,
including but not limited to, income from both cash and credit transactions,
income from the rental of rooms, stores, offices, banquet rooms, conference
rooms, exhibits or sale space of every kind, license, lease and concession fees
and rentals (not including gross receipts of licensees, lessees and
concessionaires), vending machines, health club membership fees, food and
beverage sales, wholesale and retail sales of merchandise, service charges, and
proceeds, if any, from business interruption or other loss of income insurance;
provided, however, Gross Revenues shall not include (a) gratuities to the
Premises' employees, (b) federal, state or municipal excise, sales or use taxes
or similar impositions collected directly from customers, patrons or guests or
included as part of the sales prices of any goods or services paid over to
federal, state or municipal governments, (c) property insurance or condemnation
proceeds (excluding proceeds from business interruption or other loss of income
coverage), (d) proceeds from the sale or refinance of assets other than sales in
the ordinary course of business, (e) funds furnished by the Lessee, (f)
judgments and awards other than for lost business, (g) the amount of all
credits, rebates or refunds (which shall be deductions from Gross Revenues) to
customers, patrons or guests, (h) receipts of licensees, concessionaires, and
tenants, (i) payments received at any of the Hotels for hotel accommodations,
goods or services to be provided at other hotels, although arranged by, for or
on behalf of Manager; (j) the value of complimentary rooms, food and beverages,
(k) interest income, (l) lease security deposits, and (m) items constituting
"allowances" under the Uniform System of Accounts.
"GROUND LEASE PAYMENTS" shall mean payments due under any of the Ground Leases and payable by Landlord thereunder.
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"GROUND LEASES" shall mean any ground lease agreements relating to any of the Hotels, executed by Landlord with any third party landlords.
"GROUP SERVICES" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 6.03.
"HOLDER" shall mean the holder of any Hotel Mortgage and the indebtedness secured thereby, and such holder's successors and assigns.
"HOTELS" shall collectively mean the Initial Hotels and any Future Hotels.
"HOTEL MORTGAGE" shall mean, collectively, any mortgage or deed of trust hereafter from time to time, encumbering all or any portion of the Premises (or the leasehold interest therein), together with all other instruments evidencing or securing payment of the indebtedness secured by such mortgage or deed of trust and all amendments, modifications, supplements, extensions and revisions of such mortgage, deed of trust, and other instruments.
"HOTEL'S REVPAR YIELD PENETRATION" shall mean, for a Hotel for any applicable Fiscal Year, (i) such Hotel's actual occupancy rate multiplied by the actual average daily rate, divided by (ii) the Competitive Set's occupancy rate multiplied by the Competitive Set's average daily rate for the same Fiscal Period. The determination of the Competitive Set's occupancy and rate shall be made by reference to the Smith Travel Research reports or its successor or comparable market research reports prepared by another nationally recognized hospitality firm reasonably acceptable to Lessee and Manager.
"INCENTIVE FEE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 11.01B.
"INDEMNIFYING PARTY" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 25.03.
"Independent Directors" shall mean those directors of AHT who are "independent" within the meaning of the rules of the New York Stock Exchange or such other national securities exchange or interdealer quotation system on which AHT's common stock is then principally traded.
"INITIAL HOTELS" shall have the meaning as set forth in RECITAL 1.
"INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 24.03.
"INVENTORIES" shall mean "INVENTORIES" as defined in the Uniform System of Accounts, such as provisions in storerooms, refrigerators, pantries and kitchens, beverages in wine cellars and bars, other merchandise intended for sale, fuel, mechanical supplies, stationery, and other supplies and similar items.
"ISSUING PARTY" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 28.10.
"KEY EMPLOYEES" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 9.07.
"LANDLORDS" shall mean the landlords under the Leases as described on EXHIBIT "C" attached hereto (as amended from time to time).
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"LEASES" shall mean those certain lease agreements as amended, modified, supplemented, and extended from time to time, as described on EXHIBIT "B" attached hereto, executed by Lessee as tenant and the Landlords.
"LEGAL REQUIREMENTS" shall mean all laws, statutes, ordinances, orders, rules, regulations, permits, licenses, authorizations, directions and requirements of all governments and governmental authorities, which now or hereafter may be applicable to the Premises and the operation of the Hotels.
"LESSEE" shall have the meaning as set forth in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.
"MANAGEMENT FEE" shall collectively mean the Base Management Fee, the Incentive Fee, the Project Management Fee, the Market Service Fee, and any other fees payable to Manager pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
"MANAGER" shall have the meaning as set forth in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.
"MANAGER AFFILIATE ENTITY" shall have the meaning as set forth in
ARTICLE XXI.
"MARKET SERVICE FEES" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 8.02(G).
"MUTUAL EXCLUSIVITY AGREEMENT" shall mean that certain Mutual Exclusivity Agreement dated the date hereof among the Partnership, AHT, Manager, and Remington Hotel Corporation, a Texas corporation.
"NECESSARY EXPENSES" shall mean any expenses, regardless of amount, which are necessary for the continued operation of the Hotels in accordance with Legal Requirements and the Applicable Standards and which are not within the reasonable control of Manager (including, but not limited to those for taxes, utility charges, approved leases and contracts, licensing and permits).
"NET OPERATING INCOME" shall be equal to Gross Operating Profit LESS
(i) all amounts to be paid or credited to the Capital Improvement Reserve, and
(ii) Rental Payments to the extent that such rental payments are not properly
chargeable as an operating expense.
"NON-DISTURBANCE AGREEMENT" means an agreement, in recordable form in the jurisdiction in which a Hotel is located, executed and delivered by the Holder of a Hotel Mortgage or a Landlord, as applicable, (which agreement shall by its terms be binding upon all assignees of such lender or landlord and upon any individual or entity that acquires title to or possession of a Hotel (referred to as a "SUBSEQUENT OWNER"), for the benefit of Manager, pursuant to which, in the event such holder (or its assignee) or landlord (or its assignee) or any Subsequent Owner comes into possession of or acquires title to a Hotel, such holder (and its assignee) or landlord (or its assignee) and all Subsequent Owners shall (x) recognize Manager's rights under this Agreement, and (y) shall not name Manager as a party in any foreclosure action or proceeding, and (z) shall not disturb Manager in its right to continue to manage the Hotels
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pursuant to this Agreement; provided, however, that at such time, (i) this Agreement has not expired or otherwise been earlier terminated in accordance with its terms, and (ii) there are no outstanding Events of Default by Manager, and (iii) no material event has occurred and no material condition exists which, after notice or the passage of time or both, would entitle Lessee to terminate this Agreement.
"NON-ISSUING PARTY" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 28.10.
"NOTICE" shall have the meaning as set forth in ARTICLE XXII.
"OPERATING ACCOUNT" shall have the meaning as set forth in ARTICLE XIV.
"PARTNERSHIP" means Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership.
"PAYMENT OPTION REQUEST" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 16.03.
"PERFORMANCE CURE PERIOD" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 2.03(b)(i)(2).
"PERFORMANCE FAILURE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 2.03(b)(II).
"PERFORMANCE TEST" shall have the meaning as defined in SECTION 2.03(b)(i).
"PREDECESSOR MANAGERS" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 25.05.
"PREMISES" shall mean collectively the Lessee's leasehold interest in the Hotels and the Sites, as both terms are defined herein, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Leases.
"PRIME RATE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 28.03.
"PROJECT MANAGEMENT FEE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 8.02G.
"PROJECT RELATED SERVICES" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 8.02G.
"PROPERTY SERVICE ACCOUNT" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 13.02.
"PROPRIETARY MARKS" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 24.01.
"PROSPECTUS" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 28.10.
"QUALIFIED LODGING FACILITY" shall mean a "qualified lodging facility" as defined in Section 856(d)(9)(D) of the Code and means a "Lodging Facility" (defined below), unless wagering activities are conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. A "LODGING FACILITY" is a hotel, motel or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis, and includes customary amenities and facilities operated as part of, or associated with, the lodging
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facility so long as such amenities and facilities are customary for other properties of a comparable size and class owned by other owners unrelated to AHT.
"REASONABLE WORKING CAPITAL" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 16.02.
"RELATED PERSON" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 28.08(e).
"RENTAL PAYMENTS" shall mean rental payments made under equipment leases permitted pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
"REVPAR" shall mean the revenue per available room, determined by taking the actual occupancy rate of the applicable hotel and multiplying such rate by the actual average daily rate of such hotel.
"SALE" shall mean any sale, assignment, transfer or other disposition, for value or otherwise, voluntary or involuntary of Landlord's title (whether fee or leasehold) in the Hotel, or of a controlling interest therein, other than a collateral assignment intended to provide security for a loan, and shall include any such disposition through the disposition of the ownership interests in the entity that holds such title and any lease or sublease of the Hotel.
"SITES" shall collectively mean those certain tracts or parcels of land described in EXHIBIT "B-1" hereto, as amended from time to time.
"SOFTWARE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 24.02.
"STRIKE PRICE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 16.03.
"SUBJECT HOTEL" shall have the meaning set forth in SECTION 2.03(b)(i).
"TARGETED REVPAR YIELD PENETRATION" shall mean the Competitive Set's REVPAR for the applicable Fiscal Year times 80%.
"TERM" shall mean the contractual duration of this Agreement, as defined in SECTION 2.01.
"TERMINATION" shall mean the expiration or sooner cessation of this Agreement.
"TERMINATION DATE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 2.01.
"UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS" shall mean the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry, 9th Revised Edition, as may be modified from time to time by the International Association of Hospitality Accountants.
"UNRELATED PERSON" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 28.08(e).
"WORKING CAPITAL" shall mean the amounts by which current assets exceed current liabilities as defined by the Uniform System of Accounts which are reasonably necessary for the day-to-day operation of the Premises' business, including, without limitation, the excess of
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change and petty cash funds, operating bank accounts, receivables, prepaid expenses and funds required to maintain Inventories, over the amount of accounts payable and accrued current liabilities.
ARTICLE II
TERM OF AGREEMENT
2.01 TERM. The term ("TERM") of this Agreement shall commence on the
"COMMENCEMENT DATE" for each of the Hotels as noted on EXHIBIT "A" attached
hereto and, unless sooner terminated as herein provided, shall continue with
respect to such Hotels until the "Termination Date." For purposes of this
Agreement, the "TERMINATION DATE" for each of the Hotels shall be the earlier to
occur of (i) the Expiration Date applicable to each such Hotels, (ii)
termination at the option of Lessee in connection with the bona fide Sale of one
or more of the Hotels by Landlord or Lessee to an unaffiliated third party as
provided in and subject to the terms of SECTION 2.03(a) hereof, (iii)
termination at the option of Lessee after the Performance Test has not been
satisfied pursuant to and subject to the terms and conditions of SECTION 2.03(b)
below, (iv) termination at the option of Lessee for convenience pursuant to and
subject to the terms and conditions of SECTION 2.03(c) below (and subject to
SECTION 2.03(a) with respect to any sale of the Hotels), or (v) termination by
either Lessee or Manager pursuant to ARTICLE XVIII hereof in connection with a
condemnation, casualty or Force Majeure, subject to the terms thereof. The
"EXPIRATION DATE" with respect to a Hotel shall mean the 10th anniversary of the
Commencement Date applicable to such Hotel, provided that such initial 10-year
term may thereafter be renewed by Manager, at its option, on the same terms and
conditions contained herein, for three (3) successive periods of seven (7)
Fiscal Years each, and thereafter, for a final period of four (4) Fiscal Years;
and provided further, that at the time of exercise of any such option to renew
an Event of Default by Manager does not then exist beyond any applicable grace
or cure period. If at any time of the exercise of any renewal period, Manager is
then in default under this Agreement, then the exercise of the renewal option
will be conditional on timely cure of such default, and if such default is not
timely cured, then Lessee may terminate this Agreement regardless of the
exercise of such renewal period and without the payment of any fee or liquidated
damages. If Manager desires to exercise any such option to renew, it shall give
Lessee Notice to that effect not less than ninety (90) days prior to the
expiration of the then current Term. Notwithstanding the expiration or earlier
termination of the Term, Lessee and Manager agree that the obligations of Lessee
to pay, remit, reimburse and to otherwise indemnify Manager for any and all
expenses and fees incurred or accrued by Manager pursuant to the provisions of
this Agreement prior to the expiration or earlier termination of the Term (or
actually incurred by Manager after the termination) shall survive Termination,
provided such expenses and fees have been incurred consistent with the then
current terms of this Agreement and the applicable Annual Operating Budget,
including, without limitation but only to the extent so consistent, all costs,
expenses and liabilities arising from the termination of the Premises' employees
such as accrued vacation and sick leave, severance pay and other accrued
benefits, employer liabilities pursuant to the Consolidated Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act and employer liabilities pursuant to the Worker Adjustment
and Retraining Notification Act. In addition, subject to SECTION 19.02 below and
the foregoing sentence, upon Termination of this Agreement, Lessee and Manager
shall have no further obligations to one another pursuant to this Agreement,
except that SECTION 2.02, obligations to make payments under SECTION 2.03 or
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SECTION 9.05, SECTION 9.07, the last sentence of SECTION 15.01, obligations to make payments of termination fees pursuant to ARTICLE XVIII, ARTICLE XXIV, ARTICLE XXV, ARTICLE XXVII and SECTION 28.12 shall survive Termination.
2.02 ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN UPON TERMINATION. Upon a Termination of this Agreement, the following shall be applicable:
A. Manager shall, within forty-five (45) days after Termination
of this Agreement, prepare and deliver to Lessee a final
accounting statement with respect to the Hotels, in form and
substance consistent with the statements provided pursuant to
SECTION 15.02, along with a statement of any sums due from
Lessee to Manager pursuant hereto, dated as of the date of
Termination. Within thirty (30) days after the receipt by
Lessee of such final accounting statement, the parties will
make whatever cash adjustments are necessary pursuant to such
final statement. The cost of preparing such final accounting
statement shall be a Deduction. Manager and Lessee acknowledge
that there may be certain adjustments for which the necessary
information will not be available at the time of such final
accounting, and the parties agree to readjust such amounts and
make the necessary cash adjustments when such information
becomes available.
B. As of the date of the final accounting referred to in
subsection A above, Manager shall release and transfer to
Lessee any of Lessee's funds which are held or controlled by
Manager with respect to the Hotels, with the exception of
funds to be held in escrow pursuant to SECTION 9.05 AND
SECTION 12.07. During the period between the date of
Termination and the date of such final accounting, Manager
shall pay (or reserve against) all Deductions which accrued
(but were not paid) prior to the date of Termination, using
for such purpose any Gross Revenues which accrued prior to the
date of Termination.
C. Manager shall make available to Lessee such books and records
respecting the Hotels (including those from prior years,
subject to Manager's reasonable records retention policies) as
will be needed by Lessee to prepare the accounting statements,
in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts, for the
Hotels for the year in which the Termination occurs and for
any subsequent year. Such books and records shall not include:
(i) employee records which must remain confidential pursuant
to either Legal Requirements or confidentiality agreements, or
(ii) any Intellectual Property.
D. Manager shall (to the extent permitted by Legal Requirements) assign to Lessee, or to any other manager employed by Lessee to operate and manage the Hotels, all operating licenses for the Hotels which have been issued in Manager's name; provided that if Manager has expended any of its own funds in the acquisition of any of such licenses, Lessee shall reimburse Manager therefor if it has not done so already.
E. Lessee agrees that Hotel reservations and any and all contracts made in connection with Hotel convention, banquet or other group services made by
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Manager in the ordinary and normal course of business consistent with this Agreement, for dates subsequent to the date of Termination and at rates prevailing for such reservations at the time they were made, shall be honored and remain in effect after Termination of this Agreement.
F. Manager shall cooperate with the new operator of the Hotels as to effect a smooth transition and shall peacefully vacate and surrender the Hotels to Lessee.
G. Manager and Lessee agree to use best efforts to resolve any disputes amicably and promptly under this SECTION 2.02 to effect a smooth transition of the Hotels to Lessee and/or Lessee's new manager.
2.03 EARLY TERMINATION RIGHTS; LIQUIDATED DAMAGES.
(a) TERMINATION UPON SALE. Upon Notice to Manager, Lessee shall have the option to terminate this Agreement with respect to one, more or all of the Hotels effective as of the closing of the Sale of such Hotels to a third party. Such Notice shall be given at least forty-five (45) days' in advance (unless otherwise required by Legal Requirements, in which case Lessee shall provide such additional notice in order to comply with such Legal Requirements) and shall inform Manager of the identity of the contract purchaser. Manager, at its election, may offer to provide management services to such contract purchaser after the closing of the sale. Lessee shall, in connection with such Sale, by a separate document reasonably acceptable to Lessee and Manager, indemnify and save Manager harmless against any and all losses, costs, damages, liabilities and court costs, claims and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees arising or resulting from the failure of Lessee or such prospective purchaser to provide any of the services contracted for in connection with the business booked for such hotels to, and including, the date of such Termination, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, including without limitation, any and all business so booked as to which facilities and/or services are to be furnished subsequent to the date of Termination, provided that any settlement by Manager of any such claims shall be subject to the prior written approval of Lessee which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. In addition, the following terms shall apply in connection with the sale of any Hotel:
(i) SALE OF FUTURE HOTEL. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to SECTION 2.03(a) with respect to any of the Future Hotels prior to the first anniversary of the Commencement Date applicable to such Future Hotel, then Lessee shall pay to Manager on such termination, a termination fee as liquidated damages and not as a penalty (provided that an Event of Default by Manager is not then existing beyond any cure or grace periods set forth in this Agreement) in an amount equal to the estimated Base Management Fee and Incentive Fee that was estimated to be paid to Manager with respect to the Hotels pursuant to the Annual Operating Budget for the remaining Accounting Periods until the first anniversary of the Commencement Date for such Future Hotel (irrespective of the Management Fees paid to Manager prior to the date of the Termination with respect to the Hotels). If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to SECTION 2.03(a) with respect to any of the Future Hotels after the first anniversary of the
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Commencement Date applicable to such Future Hotel, then no termination fees shall be payable by Lessee.
(ii) SALE OF INITIAL HOTEL. If this Agreement is
terminated pursuant to SECTION 2.03(a) with respect to any of
the Initial Hotels prior to the expiration of the base 10-year
term of this Agreement applicable to such Initial Hotel, then
Lessee shall pay to Manager on such termination, a termination
fee as liquidated damages and not as a penalty (provided that
an Event of Default by Manager is not then existing beyond any
cure or grace periods set forth in this Agreement), an amount
equal to the sum obtained by multiplying (1) the aggregate
Base Management Fees and Incentive Fees budgeted in the Annual
Operating Budget applicable to such Initial Hotel(s) for the
full current Fiscal Year in which such termination is to occur
(but in no event less than the Base Management Fees and
Incentive Fees for the preceding full Fiscal Year) by (2) the
number of years remaining in the base 10-year Term of this
Agreement applicable to such Initial Hotel(s). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if this Agreement is terminated pursuant to
SECTION 2.03(a) with respect to any of the Initial Hotels
after the base 10-year term of this Agreement applicable to
such Initial Hotel, then no termination fees shall be payable
by Lessee.
(b) TERMINATION DUE TO FAILURE TO SATISFY PERFORMANCE TEST.
(i) PERFORMANCE TEST. Lessee shall have the right to
terminate this Agreement with respect to any Initial Hotel
after the base 10-year term of this Agreement applicable to
such Initial Hotel and any Future Hotel (for the purposes of
this SECTION 2.03(b)(i) called "SUBJECT HOTEL"), subject to
the payment of a termination fee as set forth in subsection
(ii) below, in the event of the occurrence of the following
(collectively herein called, the "PERFORMANCE TEST"):
(1) If, commencing with Fiscal Year 2004,
and for each Fiscal Year thereafter (a) a Subject
Hotel's Gross Operating Profit Margin for such Fiscal
Year is less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the
average Gross Operating Profit Margin of comparable
hotels in similar markets and geographic locations to
the applicable Hotel as reasonably determined by
Lessee and Manager, and (b) such Subject Hotel's
REVPAR Yield Penetration is less than the Targeted
REVPAR Yield Penetration for such Fiscal Year (herein
(a) and (b) collectively called "PERFORMANCE
FAILURE"); then
(2) Manager shall have a period of two (2) years, commencing with the next ensuing Fiscal Year (the "PERFORMANCE CURE PERIOD"), to cure the Performance Failure after Manager's receipt of Notice from Lessee of such Performance Failure and Lessee's intent to terminate this Agreement with respect to the Subject Hotel if the Performance Failure is not cured within such Performance Cure Period; and
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(3) If after the first full Fiscal Year
during the Performance Cure Period, the Performance
Failure remains uncured, then upon written Notice to
Manager by Lessee, Manager shall engage a consultant
reasonably acceptable to Manager and Lessee (with
significant experience in the hotel lodging industry)
to make a written determination (within forty-five
(45) days of such Notice) as to whether another
management company (with comparable breadth of
knowledge and experience as any of the hotel
management companies owned and/or controlled by
Archie Bennett, Jr. and/or Monty Bennett, including
with respect to number and type of hotels managed in
similar markets and geographical areas) could manage
the Subject Hotel in a materially more efficient
manner. If such consultant determination is in the
negative, then Manager will be deemed not to be in
default under the Performance Test. If such
consultant determination is in the affirmative, then
Manager agrees to engage such consultant (such cost
and expense to be shared by Lessee and Manager
equally) to assist Manager during the second Fiscal
Year of the Performance Cure Period with the cure of
the Performance Failure; and
(4) If after the end of the Performance Cure Period, the Performance Failure remains uncured and the consultant again makes a written determination that another management company (with comparable breadth of knowledge and experience as any of the hotel management companies owned and/or controlled by Archie Bennett, Jr. and/or Monty Bennett, including with respect to number and type of hotels managed in similar markets and geographical areas) could manage the Subject Hotel in a materially more efficient manner, then Lessee may, at its election, terminate this Agreement upon forty-five (45) days' prior Notice to Manager.
(ii) TERMINATION FEES. If Lessee elects to terminate this Agreement with respect to a Subject Hotel for failure to satisfy the Performance Test, Lessee shall pay to Manager as liquidated damages but not as a penalty, a termination fee (provided that there does not then exist an Event of Default by Manager under this Agreement beyond any applicable cure periods) in the amount equal to 60% of the product obtained by multiplying (A) 65% of the aggregate Base Management Fees and Incentive Fees budgeted in the Annual Operating Budget applicable to the Subject Hotel for the full current Fiscal Year in which such termination is to occur (but in no event less than the Base Management Fees and Incentive Fees for the preceding full Fiscal Year) by (B) nine (9).
(iii) FINANCE REPORTS. Determinations of the performance of the Subject Hotel shall be in accordance with the audited annual financial statements delivered by Lessee's accountant pursuant to SECTION 15.03 hereof.
(iv) EXTENSION OF PERFORMANCE CURE PERIOD. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if at any time during the Performance Cure Period (a) Lessee is in material default under any of its obligations under this Agreement, or (b) Lessee
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has terminated, terminates or causes a termination of the Franchise Agreement (other than defaults due to Manager) and does not obtain a new franchise agreement with a comparable franchisor, or (c) the operation of the Hotel or the use of the Hotel's facilities are materially disrupted by casualty, condemnation, or events of Force Majeure that are beyond the reasonable control of Manager, or by major repairs to or major refurbishment of the Hotel, then, for such period, the Performance Cure Period shall be extended.
(v) RENEWAL PERIOD. If at the time of Manager's exercise of a renewal period with respect to any Hotel, such hotel is a Subject Hotel within a Performance Cure Period, the exercise of such renewal period shall be conditional upon timely cure of the Performance Failure, and if such Performance Failure is not timely cured, then, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, Lessee may elect to terminate this Agreement with respect to such Subject Hotel pursuant to the terms of this SECTION 2.03(b) without payment of any termination fee.
(c) TERMINATION FOR CONVENIENCE. Lessee may terminate this Agreement for convenience (except if due to a Sale of a Hotel, whereupon SECTION 2.03(a) shall govern) upon ninety (90) days Notice to Manager, and shall pay to Manager as liquidated damages but not as a penalty, a termination fee (provided that there does not then exist an Event of Default by Manager under this Agreement beyond any applicable cure or grace periods) in an amount equal to the product of (1) 65% of the aggregate Base Management Fees and Incentive Fees budgeted in the Annual Operating Budget applicable to the Hotels for the full current Fiscal Year in which such termination is to occur (but in no event less than the Base Management Fees and Incentive Fees for the preceding full Fiscal Year) by (2) nine (9).
(D) PAYMENT OF LIQUIDATED DAMAGES. WITH RESPECT TO ANY
TERMINATION FEES PAYABLE IN CONNECTION WITH ANY EARLY TERMINATION RIGHT
SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION 2.03, OR IN SECTION 18.04 BELOW, LESSEE
RECOGNIZES AND AGREES THAT, IF THIS AGREEMENT IS TERMINATED WITH
RESPECT TO ANY OF THE HOTELS FOR THE REASONS SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION
2.03 OR IN SECTION 18.04 BELOW, THEREBY ENTITLING MANAGER TO RECEIVE
THE TERMINATION FEES AS SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION 2.03 OR IN SECTION
18.04 BELOW, MANAGER WOULD SUFFER AN ECONOMIC LOSS BY VIRTUE OF THE
RESULTING LOSS OF MANAGEMENT FEES WHICH WOULD OTHERWISE HAVE BEEN
EARNED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT. BECAUSE SUCH FEES VARY IN AMOUNT DEPENDING
ON THE TOTAL GROSS REVENUES EARNED AT THE HOTELS AND ACCORDINGLY WOULD
BE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT AND IMPRACTICAL TO ASCERTAIN WITH CERTAINTY, THE
PARTIES AGREE THAT THE TERMINATION FEES PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION 2.03
AND IN SECTION 18.04 BELOW CONSTITUTE A REASONABLE ESTIMATE OF
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES TO MANAGER FOR PURPOSES OF ANY AND ALL LEGAL
REQUIREMENTS, AND IT IS AGREED THAT MANAGER SHALL NOT BE ENTITLED TO
MAINTAIN A CAUSE OF ACTION AGAINST LESSEE,
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EXCEPT AS SPECIFICALLY PROVIDED HEREIN, FOR ACTUAL DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE TERMINATION FEES IN ANY CONTEXT WHERE THE TERMINATION FEES ARE PROVIDED BY THIS AGREEMENT, AND RECEIPT OF SUCH FEES (TOGETHER WITH ALL OTHER AMOUNTS DUE AND PAYABLE BY LESSEE TO MANAGER WITH RESPECT TO EVENTS OCCURRING PRIOR TO TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICABLE HOTELS OR AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED HEREIN) SHALL BE MANAGER'S SOLE REMEDY FOR DAMAGES AGAINST LESSEE IN ANY SUCH CASE. The foregoing shall in no way affect any other sums due Manager under this ARTICLE II or otherwise hereunder, including, without limitation, the Management Fees earned during the Term, or any other rights or remedies, at law or in equity of Manager under this Agreement or under Legal Requirements, including any indemnity obligations of Lessee to Manager under this Agreement.
2.04 SUBSTITUTION OF INITIAL HOTEL. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a termination of this Agreement with respect to an Initial Hotel and in connection with such termination, a termination fee becomes payable by Lessee, Lessee may (in its sole and absolute discretion) avoid payment of such termination fee by substituting for the terminated Initial Hotel within 120 days of such termination, another hotel facility reasonably comparable in size, number of rooms, quality of franchise operation, market and geographical location, and gross revenues, to be governed by the terms and conditions of this Agreement as an "INITIAL HOTEL" from and after the date of such substitution, and this Agreement shall be amended accordingly pursuant to a form of amendment similar to EXHIBIT "E" attached hereto.
ARTICLE III
PREMISES
Manager shall be responsible, at the sole cost and expense of Lessee, for keeping and maintaining the Premises fully equipped in accordance with plans, specifications, construction safety and fire safety standards, and designs pursuant to applicable Legal Requirements, the standards and requirements of a Franchisor pursuant to any applicable Franchise Agreement, any applicable Hotel Mortgage, the Leases and the Capital Improvement Budgets approved pursuant to the terms hereof, subject in all respects to performance by Lessee of its obligations pursuant to this Agreement.
ARTICLE IV
APPOINTMENT OF MANAGER
4.01 APPOINTMENT. Lessee hereby appoints Manager as its sole, exclusive and continuing operator and manager to supervise and direct, for and at the expense of Lessee, the management and operation of the Premises under the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth. In exercising its duties hereunder, Manager shall act as agent and for the account of Lessee. Manager hereby accepts said appointment and agrees to manage the Premises during the Term of this Agreement under the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth.
4.02 DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY. The operation of the Premises shall be under the exclusive supervision and control of Manager who, except as otherwise specifically provided in
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this Agreement, shall be responsible for the proper and efficient management and operation of the Premises in accordance with this Agreement, the Leases, the Franchise Agreements, the Capital Improvement Budget and the Annual Operating Budget. Subject to the terms of such agreements and budgets, the Manager shall have discretion and control in all matters relating to the management and operation of the Premises, including, without limitation, charges for rooms and commercial space, the determination of credit policies (including entering into agreements with credit card organizations), food and beverage service and policies, employment policies, procurement of inventories, supplies and services, promotion, advertising, publicity and marketing, and, generally, all activities necessary for the operation of the Premises. Manager shall also be responsible for the receipt, holding and disbursement of funds and maintenance of bank accounts in compliance with the Cash Management Agreements, if applicable.
4.03 CONTRACTS, EQUIPMENT LEASES AND OTHER AGREEMENTS. Manager is hereby authorized to grant concessions, lease commercial space and enter into any other contract, equipment lease, agreement or arrangement pertaining to or otherwise reasonably necessary for the normal operation of the Premises (such concession, lease, equipment lease, contract, agreement or arrangement hereinafter being referred to individually as a "CONTRACT" and collectively as "CONTRACTS") on behalf of Lessee, as may be necessary or advisable and reasonably prudent business judgment in connection with the operation of the Premises and consistent with the Annual Operating Budget, and subject to any restrictions imposed by the Franchise Agreements, Leases or any Hotel Mortgage, and subject to the Lessee's prior written approval of: (i) any Contract which provides for a term exceeding one (1) year (unless such Contract is thirty day cancellable without cost, premium or penalty exceeding $25,000.00) or (ii) any tenant space lease, license or concession concerning any portion of the public space in or on the Premises for stores, office space, restaurant space, or lobby space. Lessee's approval of any Contract shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned. Unless otherwise agreed, all Contracts for the Premises shall be entered into in Lessee's name. Manager shall make available to Lessee, its agents, and employees, at the Premises during business hours, executed counterparts or certified true copies of all Contracts it enters into pursuant to this SECTION 4.03.
4.04 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE/LIQUOR LICENSING REQUIREMENTS. With respect to any licenses and permits held by Lessee or any of its subsidiaries for the sale of any liquor and alcoholic beverages at any of the Premises, Manager agrees, as part of its management duties and services under this Agreement, to fully cooperate with any applicable liquor and/or alcoholic beverage authority and to assist Lessee with any documentation and other requests of such authority to the extent necessary to comply with any licensing and/or permitting requirements applicable to the Premises.
ARTICLE V
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
5.01 LESSEE REPRESENTATIONS. Lessee, in order to induce Manager to enter into this Agreement, hereby represents and warrants to Manager as follows:
5.01.1. The execution of this Agreement is permitted by the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of Lessee and this Agreement has been duly authorized,
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executed and delivered on behalf of Lessee and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of Lessee enforceable in accordance with the terms hereof;
5.01.2. There is no claim, litigation, proceeding or governmental investigation pending, or, to the best knowledge and belief of Lessee, threatened, against or relating to Lessee, the properties or businesses of Lessee or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement which does, or may reasonably be expected to, materially or adversely affect the ability of Lessee to enter into this Agreement or to carry out its obligations hereunder, and, to the best knowledge and belief of Lessee, there is no basis for any such claim, litigation, proceeding or governmental investigation except as has been fully disclosed in writing by Lessee to Manager;
5.01.3. Neither the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement on the part of Lessee to be performed, nor the fulfillment of the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement, conflicts with or will result in the breach of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any agreement, indenture, instrument or undertaking to which Lessee is a party or by which it is bound;
5.01.4. No approval of any third party (including any Landlord or the Holder of any Hotel Mortgage in effect as of the date of this Agreement) is required for Lessee's execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement that has not been obtained prior to the execution hereof;
5.01.5. Lessee holds all required governmental approvals required (if applicable) to be held by it to lease the Hotels; and
5.01.6. As of the date of this Agreement there are no defaults under any of the Leases.
5.02 MANAGER REPRESENTATIONS. Manager, in order to induce Lessee to enter into this Agreement, hereby represents and warrants to Lessee as follows:
5.02.1. The execution of this Agreement is permitted by the Limited Partnership Agreement of Manager and this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered on behalf of Manager and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Manager enforceable in accordance with the terms hereof;
5.02.2. There is no claim, litigation, proceeding or governmental investigation pending, or, to the best knowledge and belief of Manager, threatened, against or relating to Manager, the properties or business of Manager or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement which does, or may reasonably be expected to, materially or adversely affect the ability of Manager to enter into this Agreement or to carry out its obligations hereunder, and, to the best knowledge and belief of Manager, there is no basis for any such claim, litigation, proceeding or governmental investigation, except as has been fully disclosed in writing by Manager to Lessee;
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5.02.3. Neither the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement on the part of Manager to be performed, nor the fulfillment of the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement, conflicts with or will result in the breach of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any agreement, indenture, instrument or undertaking to which Manager is a party or by which it is bound;
5.02.4. No approval of any third party is required for Manager's execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement that has not been obtained prior to the execution and delivery hereof;
5.02.5. Manager holds all required governmental approvals required to be held by it to perform its obligations under this Agreement; and
5.02.6. Manager qualifies as an Eligible Independent Contractor, and during the Term of this Agreement, agrees to continue to qualify as an Eligible Independent Contractor.
ARTICLE VI
OPERATION
6.01 NAME OF PREMISES; STANDARD OF OPERATION. During the Term of this Agreement, the Premises shall be known and operated by Manager as hotels licensed with the applicable Franchisor as noted on EXHIBIT C, with additional identification as may be necessary to provide local identification, provided Manager and/or Lessee have obtained and are successful in continuously maintaining the right to so operate the Premises, which Manager agrees to use its reasonable best efforts to do. Manager agrees to manage the Premises, for the account of Lessee, and so far as is legally possible, in accordance with the Annual Operating Budget and Applicable Standards subject to Force Majeure. In the event of termination of a Franchise Agreement for one or more of the Premises, Manager shall operate such Premises under such other franchise agreement, if any, as Lessee enters into or obtains as franchisee. If the name of a Franchisor's hotel system is changed, Lessee shall have the right to change the name of the applicable Hotel to conform thereto.
Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision in this Agreement to the contrary, Manager's obligation with respect to operating and managing the Hotels in accordance with any Hotel Mortgage, Ground Leases, the Leases and the CCRs shall be limited to the extent (i) true and complete copies thereof have been made available to Manager by Lessee reasonably sufficient in advance to allow Manager to manage the Hotels in compliance with such documents, and (ii) the provisions thereof and/or compliance with such provisions by Manager (a) are applicable to the day-to-day management, maintenance and routine repair and replacement of the Hotels, the FF&E or any portion thereof, (b) do not require contribution of funds from Manager, (c) do not materially increase Manager's obligations hereunder or materially decrease Manager's rights or benefits hereunder, (d) do not limit or restrict, or attempt to limit or restrict any corporate activity or transaction with respect to Manager or any Manager Affiliate Entity or any other activity, transfer, transaction, property or other matter involving Manager or the Manager Affiliate Entities other than at the Site of the Hotels and (e) are
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otherwise within the scope of Manager's duties under this Agreement. Lessee acknowledges and agrees, without limiting the foregoing, that any failure of (i) Lessee to comply with the provisions of any Hotel Mortgage, Ground Leases, the Leases and the CCRs or Legal Requirements or (ii) Manager to comply with the provisions of any such agreements or Legal Requirements arising out of, in the case of both (i) and (ii), (A) the condition of the Hotels, and/or the failure of the Hotels to comply with the provisions of such agreements, prior to the Commencement Date, (B) construction activities at the Hotels prior to the Commencement Date, (C) inherent limitations in the design and/or construction of, location of the Hotels and/or parking at the Hotels prior to the Commencement Date, (D) failure of Lessee to provide funds, from operations or otherwise, sufficient to allow timely compliance with the provisions of the Applicable Standards or the Leases, the Ground Leases, any Hotel Mortgage and/or the CCRs through reasonable and customary business practices, and/or (E) Lessee's failure to approve any matter reasonably requested by Manager in Manager's good faith business judgment as necessary or appropriate to achieve compliance with such items, shall not be deemed a breach by Manager of its obligations under this Agreement. Manager and Lessee agree, that Manager may from time to time, so long as Manager is in compliance with the Franchise Agreements and Legal Requirements, provide collateral marketing materials in the rooms of the Hotels which advertise other hotels or programs of Manager or its Affiliates (including, through a dedicated television channel in the rooms of the Hotels), at the sole cost and expense of Manager, provided such other hotels or programs being marketed by Manager are not competing directly in the same market with the Hotel where the marketing materials and information are being placed by Manager.
6.02 USE OF PREMISES. Manager shall use the Premises solely for the operation of the Hotels in accordance with the Applicable Standards and for all activities in connection therewith which are customary and usual to such an operation. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, Manager shall comply with and abide by all applicable Legal Requirements, and the requirements of any insurance companies covering any of the risks against which the Premises are insured, any Hotel Mortgage, the Ground Leases, the Leases, and the Franchise Agreements. If there are insufficient funds in the Operating Account to make any expenditure required to remedy non-compliance with such Legal Requirements or with the requirements of any Hotel Mortgage, the Ground Leases, the Leases, or the Franchise Agreements or applicable insurance, Manager shall promptly notify Lessee of such non-compliance and estimated cost of curing such non-compliance. If Lessee fails to make funds available for the expenditure so requested by Manager within thirty (30) days, Lessee agrees to indemnify and hold Manager harmless from and against any and all costs, expenses and other liabilities incurred by Manager resulting from such non-compliance (which such indemnity shall survive any termination of this Agreement). In no event shall Manager be required to make available or distribute, as applicable, sexually explicit materials or items of any kind, whether through retail stores or gift shops located at the Hotels or through "pay for view" programming in the guest rooms of the Hotels.
6.03 GROUP SERVICES. Manager may cause to be furnished to the Premises
certain services ("GROUP SERVICES") which are furnished generally on a central
or regional basis to other hotels managed by Manager or any Manager Affiliate
Entity and which benefit each hotel managed by Manager including, by way of
example and not by way of limitation, (i) marketing, advertising and promotion;
(ii) centralized accounting payroll processing, ADP management,
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management and administration of accounts payable, accounts receivable and cash
management accounting and MIS support services; (iii) the preparation and
maintenance of the general ledger and journal entries, internal audit, budgeting
and financial statement preparation, (iv) recruiting, training, career
development and relocation in accordance with Manager's or any Manager Affiliate
Entities' relocation plan; (v) employee benefits administration; (vi)
engineering and risk management; (vii) information technology; (viii) legal
support (such as license and permit coordination, filing and completion,
standardized contracts, negotiation and preparation, and similar legal services
benefiting the Hotels); (ix) purchasing arising out of ordinary hotel operations
not otherwise contemplated in SECTION 8.02G hereof; (x) internal audit services;
(xi) reservation systems; and (xii) such other additional services as are or may
be, from time to time, furnished for the benefit of Manager's or any Manager
Affiliate Entities' hotels or in substitution for services now performed at
Manager's individual hotels which may be more efficiently performed on a group
basis. Manager shall assure that the costs and expenses incurred in providing
Group Services to the Premises shall have been allocated to the Premises on a
pro-rata basis consistent with the method of allocation to all of Manager's (and
any Manager Affiliate Entities') hotels receiving the same services, shall be
incurred at a cost consistent with the Annual Operating Budget and shall
constitute Deductions. All Group Services provided by Manager shall be at the
actual costs (without mark up for fee or profit to Manager or any Manager
Affiliate Entity, but including salary and employee benefit costs and costs of
equipment used in performing such services and overhead costs) of Group Services
for the benefit of all of Manager's hotels receiving the same services, and
shall be of a quality comparable to which Manager could obtain from other
providers for similar services.
6.04 RIGHT TO INSPECT. Lessee, the beneficial owners of Lessee, the Landlords (to the extent permitted under such Leases), any Holder under any Hotel Mortgage (to the extent permitted under such Hotel Mortgage), and their respective agents, shall have access to the Premises at any and all reasonable times for any purpose. Manager will be available to consult with and advise such parties, at their reasonable request, concerning all policies and procedures affecting all phases of the conduct of business at the Hotels.
ARTICLE VII
WORKING CAPITAL AND INVENTORIES
7.01 WORKING CAPITAL AND INVENTORIES. The Lessee shall cause funds to
be deposited in one or more operating accounts established by Manager, in
amounts sufficient to operate the Premises in accordance with the Annual
Operating Budget, including the establishment and maintenance of positive
Working Capital and Inventories as reasonably determined by Manager. All Working
Capital and Inventories are and shall remain the property of Lessee. In the
event Lessee fails to advance funds which are necessary in order to maintain
positive Working Capital and Inventories at reasonable levels for any of the
Hotels, Manager shall have the right to elect to terminate this Agreement upon
sixty (60) days' prior written notice to Lessee with respect to the affected
applicable Hotel. During such sixty (60) day period, Lessee and Manager shall
use reasonable efforts to resolve the dispute over such Working Capital and
Inventory requirements. If such dispute is not resolved, then this Agreement
shall terminate with respect to the affected applicable Hotel on the sixtieth
(60th) day following Manager's delivery of written notice of termination as
provided above. If such dispute is resolved, then the notice will be deemed
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rescinded and this Agreement shall not be terminated pursuant to the notice with
respect to the affected applicable Hotel. Further, if Manager should so
terminate this Agreement with respect to the affected applicable Hotel and if
Manager in good faith incurs expenditures, or otherwise accrues liabilities in
accordance with the Annual Operating Budget and variances allowed herein, in
each case, prior to the date of termination, Lessee agrees to promptly indemnify
and hold Manager harmless from and against (i) any and all liabilities, costs
and expenses properly incurred by Manager in connection with the operations of
the applicable Hotel through the date of Termination of this Agreement with
respect to such Hotel, and (ii) any and all liabilities, costs and expenses
properly incurred by Manager as a result of Lessee's failure to perform any
obligation or pay any liability arising under any service, maintenance,
franchise or other agreements, employment relationships (other than Excluded
Employee Claims), leases or contracts pertaining to the applicable Hotel after
Termination of this Agreement with respect to such Hotel. Lessee acknowledges
that liabilities arising in connection with the operation and management of the
applicable Hotel including, without limitation, all Deductions, incurred in
accordance with the terms of this Agreement, are and shall remain the
obligations of Lessee, and Manager shall have no liability therefor unless
otherwise expressly provided herein. In the event of a Termination by Manager
pursuant to this SECTION 7.01, Manager shall be entitled to a termination fee as
liquidated damages but not as a penalty, as set forth in connection with a
termination for convenience as described in SECTION 2.03(c) and subject to
SECTION 2.03(d) above.
7.02 FIXED ASSET SUPPLIES. Lessee shall provide the funds necessary to supply the Premises initially with Fixed Asset Supplies as reasonably determined by Manager consistent with the cost budgeted therefor in the Annual Operating Budget and otherwise consistent with the intent of the parties that the level of such supplies will be adequate for the proper and efficient operation of the Premises at the Applicable Standards. Fixed Asset Supplies shall remain the property of Lessee.
ARTICLE VIII
MAINTENANCE, REPLACEMENT AND CHANGES
8.01 ROUTINE AND NON-ROUTINE REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE. Manager, at the expense of Lessee, shall maintain the Premises in good repair and condition as is required by the Applicable Standards. Manager, on behalf of Lessee, shall make or cause to be made such routine maintenance, repairs and minor alterations as Manager from time to time deems reasonably necessary for such purposes, the cost of which: (i) can be expensed under GAAP, (ii) shall be paid from Gross Revenues, and treated as a Deduction, and (iii) are consistent with the Annual Operating Budget. In addition, Lessee shall make or cause to be made such non-routine repairs and maintenance, either to the Premises' building or its fixtures, furniture, furnishings and equipment ("FF&E"), pursuant to the Capital Improvement Budget approved by Lessee and Landlord, the cost of which shall be paid for in the manner described in SECTION 8.02. Manager and Lessee shall use their respective best efforts to prevent any liens from being filed against the Premises which arise from any maintenance, changes, repairs, alterations, improvements, renewals or replacements in or to the Premises. Lessee and Manager shall cooperate fully in obtaining the release of any such liens. If the lien arises as a result of the fault of either party, then the party at fault shall bear the cost of obtaining the lien release. All changes, repairs,
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alterations, improvements, renewals or replacements made pursuant to this ARTICLE VIII shall be the property of the Lessee.
8.02 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT RESERVE.
A. Manager shall establish (on behalf of Landlord), in respect of each Fiscal Year during the term of this Agreement, a reserve account on the Hotel's books of account ("CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT RESERVE") to cover the cost of:
1. Replacements and renewals to the Premises' FF&E; and
2. Certain non-routine repairs and maintenance to the Hotel's building(s) which are normally capitalized under GAAP such as, but not limited to, exterior and interior repainting, resurfacing, building walls, floors, roofs and parking areas, and replacing folding walls and the like, and major repairs, alterations, improvements, renewals or replacement to the Hotel's building structure or to its mechanical, electrical, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, plumbing or vertical transportation systems.
B. For each Fiscal Year, the Capital Improvement Reserve shall be an amount equal to four percent (4%) of the Hotel's Gross Revenues for the applicable year (or greater if required by any Landlord, Holder or Franchisor), or in such other amount as agreed to by Landlord, Lessee and Manager.
Payments of the percentage amounts specified above shall be made on an interim accounting basis as specified in SECTION 11.02 hereof. Calculations and payments from the Capital Improvement Reserve made with respect to each Accounting Period shall be accounted for cumulatively for each Fiscal Year. After the close of each Fiscal Year, any adjustments required by the Fiscal Year accounting shall be made by Manager. Any proceeds from the sale of the Premises' FF&E no longer necessary to the operations of the Premises shall also be credited to the Capital Improvement Reserve. All payments from the Capital Improvement Reserve shall be reserved and paid from Gross Revenues. Such payments and sale proceeds shall be placed in an escrow account or accounts consistent with the requirements of the Cash Management Agreements, if any. Any interest earned in said account attributable to funds deposited pursuant to this Agreement shall be added to such Capital Improvement Reserve, thereby reducing the amount required to be placed in the account from Gross Revenues.
C. Manager shall, in accordance with and subject to the Capital Improvement Budget described in SECTION 8.02E, from time to time make such substitutions and replacements of or renewals to FF&E and non-routine repairs and maintenance as described in SECTION 8.01 as it deems necessary to maintain the Hotels as required by this Agreement. Except as hereinafter provided, no expenditures will be made except as otherwise provided in the Capital Improvement Budget without the approval of Lessee and Landlord, and provided further, however, that if any such expenditures which are required by reason of any (i) emergency, or (ii) applicable
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Legal Requirements, or (iii) the terms of the Franchise Agreement, or (iv) are otherwise required for the continued safe and orderly operation of the Hotels, Manager shall immediately give Lessee and Landlord notice thereof and shall be authorized to take appropriate remedial action without such approval whenever there is a clear and present danger to life, limb or property of the Hotels or its guests or employees. The cost of all such changes, repairs, alterations, improvements, renewals, or replacements will be paid for first from the Capital Improvement Reserve or other monies advanced by Lessee from funds received or owned by Landlord. At the end of each Fiscal Year any amount remaining in the Capital Improvement Reserve in excess of the amounts unspent but contemplated to be spent pursuant to the Capital Improvement Budget for such Fiscal Year or as otherwise approved by Lessee and Landlord may be withdrawn by the Lessee on behalf of Landlord.
D. All changes, repairs, alterations, improvements, renewals or replacements made pursuant to this ARTICLE VIII shall be the property of Landlord.
E. Manager shall prepare a budget ("CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT BUDGET") of the expenditures necessary for replacement of FF&E and building repairs of the nature contemplated by SECTION 8.01 during the ensuing Fiscal Year and shall provide such Capital Improvement Budget to Lessee and Landlord for approval at the same time Manager submits the Annual Operating Budget. The Capital Improvement Budget shall not be deemed accepted by Lessee and Landlord in the absence of their respective express written approval. Not later than thirty (30) days after receipt by Lessee and Landlord of a proposed Capital Improvement Budget (or such longer period as Lessee and Landlord may reasonably request on Notice to the Manager), Lessee and/or Landlord may deliver a Notice (a "CIB OBJECTION NOTICE") to the Manager stating that Lessee and/or Landlord objects to any information contained in or omitted from such proposed Capital Improvement Budget and setting forth the nature of such objections with reasonable specificity. Failure of Lessee and/or Landlord to deliver a CIB Objection Notice shall be deemed rejection of the Manager's proposed Capital Improvement Budget in its entirety. Upon receipt of any CIB Objection Notice, the Manager shall, after consultation with Lessee and Landlord, modify the proposed Capital Improvement Budget, taking into account Lessee's and/or Landlord's objections, and shall resubmit the same to Lessee and Landlord for Lessee's approval within fifteen (15) days thereafter, and Lessee and/or Landlord may deliver further CIB Objection Notices (if any) within fifteen (15) days thereafter (in which event, the re-submission and review process described above in this sentence shall continue until the proposed Capital Improvement Budget in question is accepted and consented to by Lessee and Landlord). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, Lessee and Landlord shall have the right at any time subsequent to the acceptance and consent with respect to any Capital Improvement Budget, on Notice to the Manager, to revise, with the reasonable approval of Manager, such Capital Improvement Budget or to request that the Manager prepare for Lessee's and/or Landlord's approval a revised Capital Improvement Budget,
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taking into account such circumstances as Lessee and Landlord deem appropriate; provided, however, that the revision of a Capital Improvement Budget shall not be deemed a revocation of the Manager's authority with respect to such actions as the Manager may have already taken prior to receipt of such revision notice in implementing a previously approved budget or plan. Manager shall have the right and discretion to expend funds from the Capital Improvement Reserve for replacements and renewals of FF&E in the Hotels' interior public areas and guest rooms and routine maintenance, repairs and minor alterations during the Fiscal Year in question (but not for any other capital expenditures) in accordance with the provisions of the Capital Improvement Budget.
F. It is the intent of Manager and Lessee to maintain the Premises in conformance with the Applicable Standards. Accordingly, as the Hotels age, if the Capital Improvement Reserve established pursuant to the terms hereof is insufficient to meet such standards, and if the Capital Improvement Budget prepared in good faith by Manager and approved by Lessee and Landlord exceeds the available and anticipated funds in the Capital Improvement Reserve, Lessee, Landlord and Manager will consider the matter and Lessee and Landlord may elect to:
1. increase the annual reserve provision to provide the additional funds required; or
2. obtain financing for the additional funds required.
G. In consideration of the Project Management Fee (as defined below), Manager shall be responsible for managing, coordinating, planning and executing the Capital Improvement Budget and all major repositionings of the Hotels. In addition, Manager shall be paid additional fees at current market rates (determined with reference to other third party providers of such services who are not discounting such fees as result of fees generated from other services) (collectively, the "MARKET SERVICE FEES"), subject to the Approval Requirement (defined in subparagraph 8.02(I) below), for the following services (the "PROJECT RELATED SERVICES") to be provided in accordance with the Applicable Standards (with the understanding that Manager may subcontract for any or all of the following Project Related Services):
1. Construction Management - Manager shall, on major renovation tasks which involve the selection and engagement of a general contractor, coordinate the selection process with Lessee and/or Landlord, shall assist in the negotiation of construction contracts, manage such construction contracts and related issues, and shall engage separate contractors and subcontractors for specific tasks outside the scope of the general contractor.
2. Interior Design - With respect to any interior design elements involved in the implementation of the Capital Improvement Budget, Manager shall be responsible for overseeing the development of conceptual plans
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(consistent with Lessee's and Landlord's objectives), shall arrange for preparation of specifications, coordinate and make all fabric, flooring, furniture and wall treatment selections (both colors and finishes), coordinate reselections and document all selections in specification books as required under the terms of the Franchise Agreement and coordinate all related franchise approvals, and will manage the applicable Franchisor process on approval of all selections relating to initial and final selections.
3. Architectural - Manager shall, if applicable, make recommendations of engagement of architects, negotiate architectural agreements on behalf of Lessee and Landlord (with Lessee's and Landlord's approval), manage all architects applicable to the implementation of the Capital Improvement Budget, oversee all conceptual designs and sketches, review all necessary plans, drawings, shop drawings and other matters necessary for the proper implementation of the Capital Improvement Budget, and coordinate and manage all approvals necessary for the implementation of the Capital Improvement Budget such as Franchisor approvals, governmental approvals and Holder approvals.
4. FF&E Purchasing - Manager shall be responsible for the evaluation of all specifications and negotiations of all prices associated with the purchasing of FF&E, shall manage and issue all purchase orders and place orders necessary for the proper and timely delivery of all FF&E.
5. FF&E Expediting/Freight Management - Manager shall be responsible for the expediting of all FF&E contemplated in an applicable Capital Improvement Budget including managing the freight selection and shipping process in a cost effective manner.
6. FF&E Warehousing - Manager shall be responsible, if applicable, for the management and coordination of all warehousing of goods delivered at the job site, inspection of materials delivered, and the filing of all claims associated with the delivery of defective or damaged goods.
7. FF&E Installation and Supervision - Manager shall be responsible for the management and oversight of the installation of all FF&E in compliance with specifications and Franchisor standards as required to implement the Capital Improvement Budget.
Manager shall be paid a project management fee (herein, the "PROJECT MANAGEMENT FEE") equal to four percent (4%) of the total project costs associated with the implementation of the Capital Improvement Budget (both hard and soft) payable monthly in arrears based upon the prior calendar month's total expenditures under the Capital Improvement Budget until such time that the Capital Improvement Budget and/or renovation project involves the expenditure of an amount in excess of five percent (5%) of Gross Revenues of the applicable Hotel, whereupon the Project Management Fee shall be reduced to three percent
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(3%) of the total project costs in excess of the five percent (5%) of Gross Revenue threshold. The Project Management Fee shall be accounted for and documented and consistent with the requirements of SECTION 11.02 herein. Any onsite or dedicated personnel required for the direct supervision of the implementation of a Capital Improvement Budget or other renovation project will be a direct cost to, and shall be reimbursed by, the Landlord.
H. Except as otherwise provided herein, in no event shall Manager realize any kick backs, rebates, cash incentives, administration fees, concessions, profit participations, investment rights or similar payments or economic consideration from or in, as applicable, vendors or suppliers of goods or services. Manager agrees that any such amounts or benefits derived shall be held in trust for the benefit of Lessee or Landlord (as applicable).
I. Any Market Service Fees for the Project Related Services shall be, once approved, reflected in the Capital Improvements Budget (such Market Service Fees subject to any adjustments necessary for then existing market conditions) shall be submitted for approval to Lessee and Landlord with the applicable Capital Improvement Budget, and shall be deemed approved by the Lessee and Landlord unless a majority of the Independent Directors of AHT affirmatively vote that such Market Service Fees are not market (determined by reference to fees charged by third party providers who are not hotel managers or who are not discounting such fees as result of fees generated from other services) (herein called the "APPROVAL REQUIREMENT"). In the event that the majority of the Independent Directors of AHT affirmatively votes that the Market Service Fees proposed by Manager are not market, the Lessee and Manager agree to engage a consultant reasonably satisfactory to both Lessee and Manager to provide then current market information with respect to the proposed Market Service Fees and a written recommendation as to whether such fees are market or not. If the consultant's recommendation provides that such Market Service Fees as proposed by Manager are market, then the Landlord agrees to pay any consultant fees incurred by such consultant in making the recommendation. If the consultant's recommendation does not support the Market Service Fees as proposed by Manager, then Manager agrees to pay the consultant's fees incurred in connection with the recommendation and agrees to either re-submit Manager's proposed Market Service Fees consistent with the market research and recommendation of the consultant for approval to Lessee and Landlord, or elect by Notice to Lessee and Landlord that Manager will not provide the Project Related Services.
ARTICLE IX
EMPLOYEES
9.01 EMPLOYEE HIRING. Manager will hire, train, promote, supervise, direct the work of and discharge all personnel working on the Premises. Manager shall be the sole judge of the fitness and qualification of such personnel and is vested with absolute discretion in the hiring, discharging, supervision, and direction of such personnel during the course of their employment and in the operation of the Premises.
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9.02 COSTS; BENEFIT PLANS. Manager shall fix the employees' terms of compensation and establish and maintain all policies relating to employment, so long as they are reasonable and in accordance with the Applicable Standards and the Annual Operating Budget. Without limiting the foregoing, Manager may, consistent with the applicable budgets, enroll the employees of the Hotels in pension, medical and health, life insurance, and similar employee benefit plans ("BENEFIT PLANS") substantially similar to plans reasonably necessary to attract and retain employees and generally remain competitive. The Benefit Plans may be joint plans for the benefit of employees at more than one hotel owned, leased or managed by Manager or Manager Affiliate Entities. Employer contributions to such plans (including any withdrawal liability incurred upon Termination of this Agreement) and reasonable administrative fees (but without further markup by Manager), which Manager may expend in connection therewith, shall be the responsibility of Lessee and shall be a Deduction. The administrative expenses of any joint plans will be equitably apportioned by Manager among properties covered by such plan.
9.03 MANAGER'S EMPLOYEES. It is expressly understood and agreed that all such personnel employed at the Hotels, including the Manager's acting General Managers for each of the Hotels, will be the employees of Manager for all purposes including, without limitation, federal, state and local tax and reporting purposes, but the expense incurred in connection therewith will be a Deduction and for Lessee's account. A General Manager's compensation may be allocated to other Hotels on a fair and equitable basis if the General Manager oversees and supervises other Hotel operations. Manager shall use such care when hiring any employees as may be common to the hospitality business and consistent with the Manager's standards of operation. Lessee acknowledges and agrees that Manager, as the employer of all of the Hotels' employees, shall be entitled to all federal, state and/or local tax credits or benefits allowed to employers relating to the Hotels' employees including, without limitation, the Work Opportunity Tax Credit, the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, and similar tax credits (provided that Manager shall pay all incremental fees, if applicable, to qualify for such tax credits). Manager, in accordance with the Annual Operating Budget, may draw down from Gross Revenues all costs and expenses, of whatever nature, incurred in connection with such employees, including, but not limited to, wages, salaries, on-site staff, bonuses, commissions, fringe benefits, employee benefits, recruitment costs, workmen's compensation and unemployment insurance premiums, payroll taxes, vacation and sick leave (collectively, "EMPLOYEE COSTS AND EXPENSES").
9.04 SPECIAL PROJECTS - CORPORATE EMPLOYEES. The costs, fees, compensation and other expenses of any persons engaged by Manager to perform duties of a special nature, directly related to the operation of the Premises, including, but not limited to, in-house or outside counsel, accountants, bookkeepers, auditors, employment search firms, marketing and sales firms, and similar firms of personnel, shall be operating expenses, payable from and consistent with the Annual Operating Budget and not the responsibility of the Manager. The costs, fees, compensation and other expenses of those personnel of Manager assigned to special projects for the Hotels shall also be operating expenses payable by the Lessee and not the responsibility of Manager. The daily per diem rate for those personnel shall be based upon the actual costs of Manager in providing its personnel for such special services or projects, without mark-up for fee or profit but including salary and employee benefit costs and costs of equipment used in performing such services, overhead costs, travel costs and long distance telephone. Such special services shall include, but not be limited to, those matters which are not included within the
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scope of the duties to be performed by Manager hereunder and, if not provided by Lessee, would involve the Lessee's engagement of a third party to perform such services; for example, special sales or marketing programs, market reviews, assistance in opening new food and beverage facilities, legal services, accounting services, tax services, insurance services, data processing, engineering personnel, and similar services.
9.05 TERMINATION. At Termination, subject to SECTION 2.01 above, Lessee shall reimburse Manager for costs and expenses incurred by Manager which arise out of either the transfer or termination of Manager's employees at the Hotels, such as reasonable transfer costs, compensation in lieu of vacation and sick leave, severance pay (including a reasonable allowance for severance pay for Executive Employees of the Hotels, the amount of such allowance not to exceed an amount equal to Manager's then current severance benefits for such terminated Executive Employees, unless Lessee otherwise approves), unemployment compensation, employer liability pursuant to the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA liability) and the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN Act) and other employment liability costs arising out of the termination of the employment of the Manager's employees at the Premises (herein collectively called "EMPLOYEE RELATED TERMINATION COSTS"). This reimbursement obligation shall not apply to any corporate personnel of Manager assigned to the Hotels for special projects or who perform functions for Manager at the corporate level. In order to be reimbursable hereunder, any Employee Related Termination Costs must be pursuant to policies of Manager which shall be consistent with those of other managers managing similar hotels in similar markets and geographical locations and which shall be subject to review and reasonable approval of Lessee from time to time upon Notice from Lessee and which review and approval shall occur no more than one time during each Fiscal Year during the term of this Agreement.
At Termination, an escrow fund shall be established from Gross Revenues (or, if Gross Revenues are not sufficient, with funds provided by Lessee) to reimburse Manager for all reimbursable Employee Related Termination Costs.
9.06 EMPLOYEE USE OF HOTEL. Manager, in its discretion, may (i) provide lodging for Manager's Executive Employees and corporate staff visiting the Hotels in connection with the performance of Manager's services hereunder and allow them the use of the facilities of the Hotels, and (ii) provide the management of the Hotels with temporary living quarters within the Hotels and the use of all facilities of the Hotels, in either case at a discounted price or without charge, as the case may be. Manager shall, on a space available basis, provide lodging at the Hotels for Lessee's employees, officers and directors visiting the Hotels and allow them the use of all facilities of the Hotels in either case without charge, except for recreational facilities for which a charge will apply.
9.07 NON-SOLICITATION. During the term of this Agreement and for a period of two (2) years thereafter, unless an Event of Default by Manager exists under this Agreement beyond applicable grace or cure periods, or the Agreement has been terminated as a result of an uncured Event of Default by Manager, Lessee agrees that it (and its Affiliates) will not, without the prior written consent of Manager, either directly or indirectly, alone or in conjunction with any other
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person or entity, (i) solicit or attempt to solicit any general manager (each a
"GENERAL MANAGER" and, collectively, "GENERAL MANAGERS") of the Hotels or any
other hotels managed by Manager or any of Manager's Executive Employees
(collectively, the General Manager and Executive Employees are herein called the
"KEY EMPLOYEES") to terminate, alter or lessen Key Employees' employment or
affiliation with Manager or to violate the terms of any agreement or
understanding between any such Key Employee and Manager, as the case may be, or
(ii) employ, retain, or contract with any Key Employee.
ARTICLE X
BUDGET, STANDARDS AND CONTRACTS
10.01 ANNUAL OPERATING BUDGET. Not less than forty-five (45) days prior to the beginning of each Fiscal Year, Manager shall submit to Lessee for each of the Hotels, a budget (the "ANNUAL OPERATING BUDGET") setting forth in detail an estimated profit and loss statement for the next twelve (12) Accounting Periods, or for the balance of the Fiscal Year in the event of a partial first Fiscal Year, including a schedule of hotel room rentals and other rentals and a marketing and business plan for each of the Hotels, such budget to be substantially in the format of EXHIBIT "D" attached hereto.
10.02 BUDGET APPROVAL. The Annual Operating Budget submitted to Lessee
by Manager shall be subject to the approval of Lessee (such approval not to be
unreasonably withheld). The Annual Operating Budget shall not be deemed accepted
by Lessee in the absence of its express written approval. Not later than thirty
(30) days after receipt by Lessee of a proposed Annual Operating Budget (or such
longer period as Lessee may reasonably request on Notice to Manager), Lessee may
deliver an AOB OBJECTION NOTICE with reasonable detail to the Manager stating
that Lessee objects to any information contained in or omitted from such
proposed Annual Operating Budget and setting forth the nature of such objections
with reasonable specificity. Failure of Lessee to deliver an AOB Objection
Notice shall be deemed rejection of the Manager's proposed Annual Operating
Budget in its entirety. Upon receipt of any AOB Objection Notice, the Manager
shall, after consultation with Lessee, modify the proposed Annual Operating
Budget, taking into account Lessee's objections, and shall resubmit the same to
Lessee for Lessee's approval within fifteen (15) days thereafter, and Lessee may
deliver further AOB Objection Notices (if any) within fifteen (15) days
thereafter (in which event, the re-submission and review process described above
in this sentence shall continue until the proposed Annual Operating Budget in
question is accepted and consented to by Lessee). Notwithstanding anything to
the contrary set forth herein, Lessee shall have the right at any time
subsequent to the acceptance and consent with respect to any Annual Operating
Budget, on Notice to the Manager, to revise such Annual Operating Budget or to
request that the Manager prepare for Lessee's approval a revised Annual
Operating Budget (with the approval of Manager, such approval not to be
unreasonably withheld), taking into account such circumstances as Lessee deems
appropriate; provided, however, that the revision of an Annual Operating Budget
shall not be deemed a revocation of the Manager's authority with respect to such
actions as the Manager may have already taken prior to receipt of such revision
notice in implementing a previously approved budget or plan. Lessee and Manager
acknowledge and agree that the Annual Operating Budgets are merely forecasts of
operating revenues and expenses for an ensuing year and shall be revised, by
agreement of Lessee and Manager, from time to time as
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business and operating conditions shall demand. However, Manager shall use its reasonable best efforts to operate the Premises in accordance with the Annual Operating Budget. The failure of any of the Hotels to perform in accordance with such Annual Operating Budget shall not constitute a default by Manager of this Agreement, however, the Lessee has a right to terminate this Agreement with respect to a Subject Hotel if such Subject Hotel fails to satisfy the Performance Test as set forth in SECTION 2.03(c) above.
10.03 OPERATION PENDING APPROVAL. If the Annual Operating Budget (or
any component thereof) has not yet been approved by Lessee prior to any
applicable Fiscal Year, then, until approval of such Annual Operating Budget (or
such component) by Lessee, Manager shall operate the Hotels substantially in
accordance with the prior year's Annual Operating Budget except for (a) those
components of the Annual Operating Budget for the applicable Fiscal Year
approved by Lessee, (b) the Necessary Expenses which shall be paid as required,
(c) the Emergency Expenses which shall be paid as required, and (d) those
expenses that vary in correlation with Gross Revenues and/or occupancy in the
aggregate.
10.04 BUDGET MEETINGS. At each budget meeting and at any additional meetings during a Fiscal Year reasonably called by Lessee or Manager, Manager shall consult with Lessee on matters of policy concerning management, sales, room rates, wage scales, personnel, general overall operating procedures, economics and operation and other matters affecting the operation of the Hotels.
ARTICLE XI
OPERATING DISTRIBUTIONS
11.01 MANAGEMENT FEE. As consideration for the services to be rendered by Manager pursuant to this Agreement as manager and operator of the Premises, Manager shall be paid the following Base Management Fee and Incentive Management Fee (as such terms are hereinafter defined), collectively called the "MANAGEMENT FEE", for each of the Hotels on a property by property basis as follows:
A. BASE MANAGEMENT FEE. The base management fee ("BASE MANAGEMENT FEE") shall be equal to the greater of (i) $10,000 (to be increased annually based on any increases in CPI over the preceding annual period), or (ii) three percent (3%) of the Gross Revenues for each Accounting Period, to be paid monthly in arrears. If this Agreement shall commence or expire on other than the first and last day of a calendar month, respectively, the Base Management Fee shall be apportioned based on the actual number of days of service in the month.
B. INCENTIVE FEE. The incentive fee (the "INCENTIVE FEE") shall be equal to the lesser of (i) one percent (1%) of Gross Revenues for each Fiscal Year and (ii) the amount by which the actual Gross Operating Profit exceeds the Budgeted GOP determined on a property by property basis ("GOP TEST"). The Incentive Fee shall be payable annually in arrears within ninety (90) days after the end of each Fiscal Year; provided, however, if based on actual operations and revised forecasts from time to time, it is reasonably anticipated that the Incentive Fee is reasonably expected to be earned for such Fiscal Year, Lessee shall reasonably
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consider payment of the Incentive Fee, pro-rata on a quarterly
basis, within twenty (20) days following the end of each
calendar quarter, subject to final adjustment within ninety
(90) days following the end of the Fiscal Year.
11.02 ACCOUNTING AND INTERIM PAYMENT.
A. Manager shall submit monthly, pursuant to SECTION 15.02, an interim accounting to Lessee showing Gross Revenues, Deductions, Gross Operating Profit and Net Operating Income before Debt Service.
B. Calculations and payments of the Base Management Fee made with respect to each Accounting Period shall be made on an interim accounting basis and shall be accounted for cumulatively for each Fiscal Year. After the end of each Fiscal Year, Manager shall submit to Lessee an accounting for such Fiscal Year, consistent with SECTION 15.03, which accounting shall be controlling over the interim accountings. Any adjustments required by the Fiscal Year accounting shall be made promptly by the parties.
C. The Incentive Fee shall only be calculated and earned based upon the Gross Operating Profit achieving the required GOP Test for any given Fiscal Year or a portion thereof if the period of calculation cannot include the full period from January 1 to December 31.
D. If Lessee raises no objection for any reason (excluding fraud) within one (1) year from the receipt of annual accounting statements as provided herein (or for fraud within any applicable statute of limitations period, and if no statute of limitations period exists, then in no event to exceed four (4) years from receipt of annual accounting statements as provided herein), such accounting shall be deemed to have been accepted by Lessee as true and correct, and Lessee shall have no further right to question its accuracy. Manager will provide Lessee profit and loss statements for the current period and year-to-date, including actual, budget and last year comparisons, as required by SECTION 15.03.
ARTICLE XII
INSURANCE
12.01 INSURANCE. Manager shall coordinate with Lessee, at all times during any period of development, construction, renovation, furnishing and equipping of the Premises, the procurement and maintenance in amount and scope as available and market for the hotel lodging industry for hotels of similar type and in similar markets and geographical locations as the Hotels, public liability and indemnity and property insurance with minimum limits of liability as required by Lessee, the Landlords, any Holder, or Franchisors, if applicable, to protect Lessee, Landlord, Manager, any Holder, and any Franchisor, if applicable, against loss or damage arising in connection with the development, construction, renovation, furnishing and equipping of the Premises (and pre-opening activities, if applicable), including, without limitation, the following:
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12.01.1. EXTENDED COVERAGE, BOILER, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION AND LIABILITY INSURANCE.
(a) Building insurance on the "Special Form" (formerly "All Risk" form) (including earthquake and flood in reasonable amounts as determined by Lessee) in an amount not less than 100% of the then "FULL REPLACEMENT COST" thereof (as defined below) or such other amount which is acceptable to Lessee, and personal property insurance on the "Special Form" in the full amount of the replacement cost thereof;
(b) Insurance for loss or damage (direct and indirect) from steam boilers, pressure vessels or similar apparatus, now or hereafter installed in the Hotels, in the minimum amount of $5,000,000 or in such greater amounts as are then customary or as may be reasonably requested by Lessee from time to time;
(c) Loss of income insurance on the "Special Form", in the amount of one year of the sum of Base Rent plus Percentage Rent (as such terms are defined in and as determined pursuant to the Leases) for the benefit of Landlords, and business interruption insurance on the "Special Form" in the amount of one year of Gross Operating Profit, for the benefit of Lessee. All loss of income insurance proceeds shall be part of Gross Revenues;
(d) Commercial general liability insurance, with amounts not
less than $1,000,000 combined single limit for each occurrence and
$2,000,000.00 for the aggregate of all occurrences within each policy
year, as well as excess liability (umbrella) insurance with limited of
at least $35,000,000 per occurrence, covering each of the following:
bodily injury, death, or property damage liability per occurrence,
personal and advertising injury, general aggregate, products and
completed operations, and "all risk legal liability" (including liquor
law or "dram shop" liability if liquor or alcoholic beverages are
served at the Hotels);
(e) Automobile insurance on vehicles operating in conjunction with the Hotels with limits of liability of at least $1,000,000.00 combined, single limit coverage; and
(f) Insurance covering such other hazards and in such amounts as may be customary for comparable properties in the area of the Hotels and is available from insurance companies, insurance pools or other appropriate companies authorized to do business in the State where the Hotels are located at rates which are economically practicable in relation to the risks covered as may be reasonably requested by Lessee and otherwise consistent with the costs allocated therefor in the Annual Operating Budget.
12.01.2. OPERATIONAL INSURANCE.
(a) Workers' compensation and employer's liability insurance as may be required under Legal Requirements and as Manager may deem reasonably prudent covering all of Manager's employees at the Premises, with such deductible limits or self-insured retentions as may be reasonably established from time to time by Manager;
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(b) Fidelity bonds, with limits and deductibles as may be reasonably requested by Lessee, covering Manager's employees in job classifications normally bonded under prudent hotel management practices in the United States or otherwise required by law; and
(c) Such other insurance in amounts as Manager in its reasonable judgment deems advisable for its protection against claims, liabilities and losses arising out of or connected with its performance under this Agreement, and otherwise consistent with the costs allocated therefor in the Annual Operating Budget.
12.02 REPLACEMENT COST. The term "FULL REPLACEMENT COST" as used herein shall mean the actual replacement cost of the Hotels requiring replacement from time to time including an increased cost of construction endorsement, if available, and the cost of debris removal. In the event either party to this Agreement believes that full replacement cost (the then-replacement cost less such exclusions) has increased or decreased at any time during the Term, it shall have the right to have such full replacement cost re-determined.
12.03 INCREASE IN LIMITS. If either party to this Agreement at any time deems the limits of the personal injury or property damage under the comprehensive commercial general liability insurance then carried to be either excessive or insufficient, such parties shall endeavor in good faith to agree on the proper and reasonable limits for such insurance to be carried and such insurance shall thereafter be carried with the limits thus agreed on until further change pursuant to the provisions of this Section.
12.04 BLANKET POLICY. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this ARTICLE XII, Manager may include the insurance required hereunder within the coverage of a so-called blanket policy or policies of insurance carried and maintained by Manager; provided, however, that the coverage afforded to the parties as required herein will not be reduced or diminished or otherwise be different from that which would exist under a separate policy meeting all other requirements of this Agreement by reason of the use of such blanket policy of insurance, and provided further that the requirements of this ARTICLE XII are otherwise satisfied.
12.05 COSTS AND EXPENSES. Insurance premiums and any costs or expenses with respect to the insurance, including, without limitation, agent's and consultant's costs used to place insurance or adjust claims, shall be Deductions. Premiums on policies for more than one year shall be charged pro-rata against Gross Revenues over the period of the policies and to the extent, through blanket policies, cover other hotels managed by Manager or owned by Lessee or any of its Affiliates, shall be allocated based on rooms, number of employees, values or other methods as determined to be reasonable by Manager and Lessee. Any reserves, losses, costs, damages or expenses which are uninsured, self-insured, or fall within deductible limits shall be treated as a cost of insurance and shall be Deductions, subject to ARTICLE XXV.
12.06 POLICIES AND ENDORSEMENTS.
A. Where permitted, all insurance provided for under this ARTICLE XII shall name Lessee as insured, and Manager, any Holder, the Landlords, and, if required, the Franchisors, as additional insureds. The party procuring such insurance shall
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deliver to the other party certificates of insurance with respect to all policies so procured, including existing, additional and renewal policies and, in the event of insurance about to expire, shall deliver certificates of insurance with respect to the renewal policies not less than ten (10) days prior to the respective dates of expiration.
B. All policies of insurance provided for under this ARTICLE XII shall, to the extent obtainable, be with insurance companies licensed or authorized to do business in the state in which the Premises are located, with a minimum rating of A or better in the Best's Insurance Guide and an S&P rating of at least A+V (or such higher rating if so required by any Holder, Landlord or Franchisor), and shall have attached thereto an endorsement that such policy shall not be cancelled or materially changed without at least thirty (30) days' (and for Texas Hotels, ten (10) days') prior written notice to Lessee. All insurance policies obtained pursuant to this ARTICLE XII shall contain a standard waiver of subrogation endorsement.
12.07 TERMINATION. Upon Termination of this Agreement, an escrow fund in an amount reasonably acceptable to Manager shall be established from Gross Revenues (or, if Gross Revenues are not sufficient, with funds provided by Lessee) to cover the amount of any costs which, in Manager's reasonable business judgment, will likely need to be paid by either Lessee or Manager with respect to pending or contingent claims, including those which arise after Termination for causes arising during the Term of this Agreement. Upon the final disposition of all such pending or contingent claims, any unexpended funds remaining in such escrow shall be paid to Lessee.
ARTICLE XIII
TAXES AND DEBT SERVICE
13.01 TAXES.
(a) All real estate and ad valorem property taxes, assessments and similar charges on or relating to the Premises during the Term of this Agreement shall be paid by Manager, on behalf of Lessee, before any fine, penalty, or interest is added thereto or lien placed upon the Premises, unless payment thereof is stayed. All such payments shall be reserved and paid from Gross Revenues and treated as Deductions in determining Net Operating Income. Gross Revenues reserved for such purposes shall be placed in an escrow account or accounts established pursuant to the requirements of any applicable Holder. Interest earned in said account attributable to funds deposited pursuant to this Agreement shall be added to such reserve, thereby reducing the amount required to be placed in the account from Gross Revenues.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon Lessee's request, Manager shall, as a Deduction, contest the validity or the amount of any such tax or assessment. Lessee agrees to cooperate with Manager and execute any documents or pleadings required for such purpose, provided that Lessee is satisfied that the facts set forth in such documents or pleadings are accurate and that such execution or cooperation does not impose any
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unreasonable obligations on Lessee, and Lessee agrees to reimburse Manager as a Deduction for all expenses occasioned to Manager by any such contest, provided that such expenses shall be approved by Lessee prior to the time that they are incurred.
13.02 DEBT SERVICE; GROUND LEASE PAYMENTS. In the event of a Hotel Mortgage and/or Ground Lease and upon direction of Lessee, Manager shall establish an account (the "PROPERTY SERVICE ACCOUNT") to pay Debt Service and/or Ground Lease Payments in such periodic payments as required by any applicable Holder under any applicable Hotel Mortgage and/or landlord under any Ground Lease. The Property Service Account shall be funded by Landlord under the Lease from funds paid by Landlord to Lessee. In the event sufficient funds are unavailable for the payment of Debt Service and/or Ground Lease Payments from the Property Service Account, then Manager shall notify Lessee in writing of such insufficiency who shall in turn advise the Landlord under the applicable Lease to replenish the Property Service Account to provide funds for payment of Debt Service and/or Ground Lease Payments.
ARTICLE XIV
BANK ACCOUNTS
All funds made available to Manager by Lessee for operations of the Premises, exclusive of those amounts described in ARTICLE VIII, shall be deposited into a banking checking account or accounts to be established in the name of Lessee (the "OPERATING ACCOUNT"), consistent with the requirements of any Cash Management Agreements, if any. The Operating Account shall be interest bearing when possible. Subject to the limitation of Manager's authority set forth herein, both Manager and Lessee shall be authorized to withdraw funds from said Operating Account, except that Lessee may withdraw funds from said account only if an Event of Default by Manager has occurred under this Agreement or an event has occurred that with the passage of time might be an Event of Default by Manager. Prior to any such withdrawal by Lessee, Lessee shall provide Notice of same to Manager, and Manager shall not be liable to Lessee for any checks written by Manager for operating expenses which are returned due to insufficient funds caused by such Lessee withdrawal. From time to time both Manager and Lessee shall designate signatory parties on such account and shall provide written notice of such designation or change in designation to the other party, and the signatures of such persons shall be formally and expressly recognized by the bank in which such account or accounts are maintained. The bank or banks to be utilized shall be selected and approved by Lessee and Manager. All monies received shall be deposited in, including, but not limited to, Gross Revenues, and expenses paid, including, but not limited to, Deductions, shall be paid from such bank checking account(s) except that Manager shall have the right to maintain payroll and petty cash funds and to make payments therefrom as the same are customary and utilized in the lodging business. Such funds shall not be commingled with Manager's funds. Lessee shall have the right, at its expense, to audit said account or accounts at any reasonable time.
Manager may establish one or more separate bank accounts for handling payroll costs in the name of Lessee. Such accounts shall be in a bank selected by Manager and approved by Lessee, and shall be handled exclusively by the individuals designated by Manager and approved in writing by Lessee. Funds shall be deposited in the payroll account or accounts from the Operating Account, as needed, in order to meet payroll requirements.
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Until otherwise prescribed by Lessee in writing, the Operating Account shall be under the control of Manager, without prejudice, however, to Manager's obligation to account to Lessee as and when provided herein. All receipts and income, including without limitation, Gross Revenues shall be promptly deposited in the Operating Account. Checks or other documents of withdrawal shall be signed only by the individual representatives of Manager approved in writing by Lessee and duly recognized for such purpose by the bank or banks in which the referenced accounts are maintained. Manager shall supply Lessee with fidelity bonds or other insurance insuring the fidelity of authorized signatories to such accounts, unless said bonds or other insurance shall have been placed by Lessee and delivered directly by the bonding or insurance company to Lessee. The cost of such fidelity bonds or other insurance shall be a Deduction, at Lessee's expense, and subject to Lessee's approval. Neither Lessee nor Manager shall be responsible for any losses occasioned by the failure or insolvency of the bank or banks in which the referenced accounts are maintained. Upon expiration or termination of this Agreement and the payment to Manager of all amounts due Manager hereunder upon such expiration or termination, as provided in this Agreement, all remaining amounts in the referenced accounts shall be transferred forthwith to Lessee, or made freely available to Lessee.
Manager shall not be required to advance funds, and Manager shall not be obligated to incur any liability or obligation for Lessee's account, without assurance that necessary funds for the discharge thereof will be provided by Lessee.
All reserve accounts established pursuant to this Agreement shall be placed in segregated interest-bearing accounts in the name of Lessee which interest shall be added to such reserve and serve to reduce the amount required to be placed in such reserve account.
ARTICLE XV
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
15.01 BOOKS AND RECORDS. Manager shall maintain an adequate and separate accounting system in connection with its management and operation of the Premises. The books and records shall be kept in accordance with GAAP and the Uniform System of Accounts (to the extent consistent with GAAP) and shall be maintained at all times either on the Premises, at the principal office of the Manager, or in storage, for at least three (3) years after the Fiscal Year to which the books and records relate. Lessee, the beneficial owners of Lessee, the Landlords (to the extent permitted under the Leases), any Holder (to the extent permitted under the Hotel Mortgage), any Franchisor (to the extent permitted under any applicable Franchise Agreement), or their respective employees or duly authorized agents, shall have the right and privilege of examining and inspecting the books and records at any reasonable time. Upon termination of this Agreement, all such books and records shall be turned over to Lessee so as to insure the orderly continuance of the operation of the Hotels; provided however, that all such books and records thereafter shall be available to Manager at the Hotels at all reasonable times for inspection, audit, examination and copying for a period of three (3) years.
15.02 MONTHLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. Within twenty-five (25) days following each Accounting Period, Manager shall furnish Lessee with respect to each of the Hotels an accrual basis balance sheet on Manager's standard format in reasonable detail, together with a reasonably detailed accrual basis profit and loss statement for the calendar month next preceding
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and with a cumulative calendar year accrual basis profit and loss statement to date, including a comparison to the Annual Operating Budget and the Capital Improvements Budget and a statement of cash flows for each monthly and cumulative period for which a profit and loss statement is prepared. Further, from time to time as reasonably requested by Lessee, Manager shall provide a statement of bank account balances, an allocation to reserve accounts, a sources and uses statement, a narrative discussing any of the aforementioned reports and material variances from the Annual Operating Budget and the Capital Improvements Budget, such other reports and financial statements as Lessee may reasonably request and as are customarily provided by managers of similar hotel properties in the area of the Hotels without Manager receiving additional fees to provide same.
15.03 ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. Within forty-five (45) days after the end of each Fiscal Year, Manager shall furnish to Lessee year-end financial statements for the Hotels (including a balance sheet, income statement and statement of sources and uses of funds) which statements shall be unaudited and shall be prepared in accordance with GAAP and the Uniform System of Accounts (to the extent consistent with GAAP). Lessee will engage an independent national certified public accounting firm with hospitality experience and reasonably acceptable to Lessee to provide audited annual financial statements. Manager shall cooperate in all respects with such accountant in the preparation of such statements, including the delivery of any financial information generated by Manager pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and reasonably required by the Lessee's accountant to prepare such audited financial statements.
ARTICLE XVI
PAYMENT BY LESSEE
16.01 PAYMENT OF BASE MANAGEMENT FEE. On the fifth (5th) day of each month during the term of this Agreement, Manager shall be paid out of the Operating Account, the Base Management Fee for the preceding Accounting Period, as determined from the books and records referred to in ARTICLE XV.
16.02 DISTRIBUTIONS. Subject to retention of Reasonable Working Capital (including any amounts as required by the Capital Improvement Budget) and retention of such reserves as may be required under any Hotel Mortgage and/or Ground Lease, as applicable, Manager shall deliver to Lessee from the Operating Account, any excess Working Capital for the preceding Accounting Period on the 25th day of the following month, and such amounts of Lessee's money in the possession or under the control of Manager as Lessee shall from time to time request. For purposes of this Article "REASONABLE WORKING CAPITAL" shall mean an amount reasonably determined by Manager at the same time as the monthly financial statements are prepared pursuant to SECTION 15.02 hereof, but in no event to exceed a sum equal to a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of 2:1 (but excluding from such calculation cash restricted or unavailable under any Cash Management Agreement).
16.03 PAYMENT OPTION. Management Fees shall be paid in cash, except that subject to the requirements of SECTION 5.02.6 and SECTION 28.08 Manager may request, no later than thirty (30) days prior to the payment due date, by Notice to Lessee (such request to be subject to the approval of a majority of the Independent Directors of AHT, in their sole discretion, and to any applicable restrictions of a national securities exchange (including NASDAQ NMS and
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NASDAQ Small Cap) and to federal and state securities laws), payment of up to one-third (1/3rd) of its Base Management Fee and up to one hundred percent (100%) of its Incentive Fee, in the form of shares of common stock of AHT priced at the "Strike Price," or in the form of stock options priced in accordance with the "Black-Scholes Model" (the "PAYMENT OPTION REQUEST"), as follows:
A. COMMON STOCK AT "STRIKE PRICE". The number of shares of common stock of AHT to be issued in lieu of the applicable Base Management Fees and/or Incentive Fee as noted in the Payment Option Request (the "DESIGNATED FEES") shall be based upon the "Strike Price" of such common stock determined as follows: The term "STRIKE PRICE" shall be and mean the amount obtained (rounded upward to the next highest cent) by determining the simple average of the daily closing price of the common stock of AHT for the twenty (20) trading days ending on the last trading day of the calendar week immediately preceding the applicable payment due date on the New York Stock Exchange or, if the shares of such common stock are not then being traded on the New York Stock Exchange, then on the principal stock exchange (including without limitation NASDAQ NMS or NASDAQ Small Cap) on which such common stock is then listed or admitted to trading as determined by AHT or, if such common stock is not then so listed or admitted to trading the average of the last reported closing bid and asked prices on such days in the over-the-counter market or, if no such prices are available, the fair market value per share of such common stock, as determined by a majority of the Independent Directors of AHT in their sole discretion. The Strike Price shall not be subject to any adjustment as a result of the issuance of any additional shares of common stock by AHT for any purpose, except for stock splits (whether accomplished by stock dividends or otherwise) or reverse stock splits occurring during the 20 trading days referenced in the calculation of the Strike Price. Upon determination of the Strike Price for such common stock (and provided payment in the form of common stock has been approved by the board of directors of AHT), AHT agrees to issue to Manager the number of shares of common stock in AHT determined by dividing the Designated Fees by the Strike Price per share of common stock, and any balance remaining shall be paid to Manager in cash.
B. OPTIONS BASED ON BLACK-SCHOLES MODEL. The number of stock options to be issued in lieu of the Designated Fees shall be based upon the "Black-Scholes Model" as follows: The term "BLACK-SCHOLES MODEL" means the Black-Scholes model for valuing the "fair value" of an option calculated based on historical data and calculated probabilities of future stock prices, reasonably applied. Upon determination of the value of an option on the date such options are to be issued, as determined using the Black-Scholes Model (the "BLACK-SCHOLES AMOUNT"), provided payment in the form of options has been approved by the board of directors of AHT, AHT agrees to issue to Manager the number of options for common stock of AHT determined by dividing the Designated Fees by the Black-Scholes Amount per option, and any balance remaining shall be paid to Manager in cash. The "Strike Price" for any option (which must be exercised within ten
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(10) years of issuance), shall have the meaning of the term "Strike Price" as used in subparagraph A above.
ARTICLE XVII
RELATIONSHIP AND AUTHORITY
Lessee and Manager shall not be construed as partners, joint venturers or as members of a joint enterprise and neither shall have the power to bind or obligate the other except as set forth in this Agreement. Nevertheless, Manager is granted such authority and power as may be reasonably necessary for it to carry out the provisions of this Agreement. This Agreement, either alone or in conjunction with any other documents, shall not be deemed to constitute a lease of any portion of the Premises. Nothing contained herein shall prohibit or restrict Manager or any affiliate of Manager from operating, owning, managing, leasing or constructing any hotel of any nature or description which may in any manner compete with that of the Premises, except as otherwise set forth in the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement; provided that Manager agrees to comply with the conflicts policies of AHT. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, (a) all debts and liabilities to third persons incurred by Manager in the course of its operation and management of the Hotels in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement shall be the debts and liabilities of Lessee only, and (b) Manager shall not be liable for any such obligations by reason of its management, supervision, direction and operation of the Hotels as agent for Lessee. Manager may so inform third parties with whom it deals on behalf of Lessee and may take any other reasonable steps to carry out the intent of this paragraph.
ARTICLE XVIII
DAMAGE, CONDEMNATION AND FORCE MAJEURE
18.01 DAMAGE AND REPAIR. If, during the Term hereof, a Hotel is damaged or destroyed by fire, casualty, or other cause, Lessee shall, subject to the requirements of the applicable underlying Lease, repair or replace the damaged or destroyed portion of the Hotel to the same condition as existed previously. In the event the underlying Lease relating to such damaged Hotel is terminated pursuant to the provisions of such Lease, Lessee may terminate this Agreement with respect to such Hotel upon sixty (60) days' Notice from the date of such damage or destruction, in which case this Agreement shall then terminate with respect to such Hotel sixty (60) days from the date of such notice and neither party shall have any further rights, obligations, liabilities or remedies one to the other hereunder with respect to such Hotel, except as otherwise provided in ARTICLE II (provided that no termination fees shall be payable by Lessee pursuant to ARTICLE II) and SECTION 18.04. If this Agreement remains in effect with respect to such damaged Hotel and the damage does not result in a reduction of Gross Revenues at such Hotel, the Management Fee will be unabated. If however, this Agreement remain in effect with respect to such Hotel, but the damage does result in a reduction of Gross Revenues at such Hotel, Lessee shall be entitled to partial, pro rata abatement with respect to the Management Fee until such time as such Hotel is restored.
18.02 CONDEMNATION.
A. In the event all or substantially all of a Hotel shall be taken in any eminent domain, condemnation, compulsory acquisition, or similar proceeding by any
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competent authority for any public or quasi-public use or purpose, this Agreement shall terminate with respect to such Hotel, subject to the requirements of the applicable underlying Lease. However, in any event of such termination, Lessee shall give Manager at least fifteen (15) days prior Notice of such termination. In the event of such termination, neither party shall have any further rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities one to the other hereunder with respect to such Hotel except as otherwise provided in ARTICLE II above (provided that no termination fees shall be payable by Lessee pursuant to ARTICLE II).
B. If a portion of the Premises shall be taken by the events described in SECTION 18.02A or the entire Premises are temporarily affected, the result of either of which is not to make it, in the reasonable business judgment of Lessee, unreasonable to continue to operate the applicable Hotel, subject to the requirements of the applicable underlying Lease, this Agreement shall not terminate with respect to such Hotel. However, so much of any award for any such partial taking or condemnation shall be made available to the extent necessary to render the applicable Premises equivalent to its condition prior to such event and the balance shall be paid to Lessee or the Holder, if required by any Hotel Mortgage covering the Premises.
18.03 FORCE MAJEURE. If an event of Force Majeure directly involves a Hotel and has a significant adverse effect upon the continued operations of such Hotel, then Lessee shall be entitled to terminate this Agreement with respect to the applicable Hotel by written Notice within sixty (60) days from the date of such Force Majeure, and this Agreement shall then terminate with respect to the applicable Hotel sixty (60) days from such notice, in which event neither Lessee nor Manager shall have any further rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities, one to the other, hereunder, with respect to the applicable Premises except as otherwise provided in ARTICLE II (provided that no termination fees shall be payable by Lessee pursuant to ARTICLE II).
18.04 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES IF CASUALTY.
A. CASUALTY OF INITIAL HOTEL. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, if any of the Initial Hotels is damaged due to a casualty as set forth in SECTION 18.01 hereof, and Lessee elects, for any reason, not to rebuild the applicable Initial Hotel, Lessee agrees to pay to Manager (provided there does not then exist an Event of Default by Manager under this Agreement, beyond any applicable grace and cure periods), a termination fee as liquidated damages and not as a penalty in an amount as if such Initial Hotel was being sold, as set forth in SECTION 2.03(a)(II) above.
B. CASUALTY OF A FUTURE HOTEL. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, if any of the Future Hotels is damaged pursuant to a casualty as set forth in SECTION 18.01 hereof within the first year of the initial 10-year term for such hotel, and Lessee elects, for any reason, not to rebuild such Future Hotel, Lessee agrees to pay Manager (provided there does not then exist an Event of Default by Manager beyond any applicable cure periods), a termination fee, if any, that would be owed if such hotel were then sold, as set forth in SECTION
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2.03(a)(i) above. However, if after the first year of the initial 10-year term for a Future Hotel, such hotel is damaged and Lessee elects not to rebuild such hotel even though sufficient casualty proceeds are available to do so, then Lessee will pay to Manager a termination fee (provided there does not then exist an Event of Default by Manager beyond any applicable cure periods), equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) 65% of the aggregate Base Management Fee and Incentive Fee estimated to be paid Manager budgeted in the Annual Operating Budget applicable to such Future Hotel (but in no event less than the Base Management Fee and Incentive Fee for the preceding full Fiscal Year) by (ii) nine (9).
Payment of the termination fees set forth in this SECTION 18.04 shall be subject to SECTION 2.03(d) above with respect to liquidated damages.
18.05 NO LIQUIDATED DAMAGES IF CONDEMNATION OR FORCE MAJEURE. No liquidated damages shall be payable in the event of a condemnation relating to any of the Hotels, provided that Manager shall be entitled to seek recovery from the condemning authority for its loss of contract and this Agreement shall not terminate for that purpose. No liquidated damages shall be payable by Lessee as a result of its termination of this Agreement pursuant to SECTION 18.03 (Force Majeure).
ARTICLE XIX
DEFAULT AND TERMINATION
19.01 EVENTS OF DEFAULT. The following shall constitute events of default (each an "EVENT OF DEFAULT"):
A. The filing of a voluntary petition in bankruptcy or insolvency or a petition for reorganization under any bankruptcy law by Lessee or Manager;
B. The consent to any involuntary petition in bankruptcy or the failure to vacate, within ninety (90) days from the date of entry thereof, any order approving an involuntary petition by Lessee or Manager;
C. The entering of an order, judgment or decree by any court of competent jurisdiction, on the application of a creditor, adjudicating Lessee or Manager as bankrupt or insolvent, or approving a petition seeking reorganization or appointing a receiver, trustee, or liquidator of all or a substantial part of such party's assets, and such order, judgment or decree continues unstayed and in effect for any period of ninety (90) days or more;
D. The appointment of a receiver for all or any substantial portion of the property of Lessee or Manager;
E. The failure of Lessee or Manager to make any payment required to be made in accordance with the terms of this Agreement within ten (10) days after receipt of
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Notice, specifying said default with reasonable specificity, when such payment is due and payable; or
F. The failure of Lessee or Manager to perform, keep or fulfill any of the other covenants, undertakings, obligations or conditions set forth in this Agreement, and the continuance of such default for a period of thirty (30) days after written notice of said failure; provided, however, if such default cannot be cured within such thirty (30) day period and Lessee or Manager, as the case may be, commences to cure such default within such thirty (30) day period and thereafter diligently and expeditiously proceeds to cure the same, such thirty (30) day period shall be extended so long as it shall require Lessee or Manager, as the case may be, in the exercise of due diligence to cure such default, it being agreed that no such extension (including the original 30 day cure period) shall be for a period in excess of one hundred twenty (120) days.
G. The Manager does not qualify as an Eligible Independent Contractor.
19.02 CONSEQUENCE OF DEFAULT. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default, the non-defaulting party may give the defaulting party Notice of intention to terminate this Agreement (after the expiration of any applicable grace or cure period provided in SECTION 19.01), and upon the expiration of thirty (30) days from the date of such notice, this Agreement shall terminate, whereupon the non-defaulting party shall be entitled to pursue all of its rights and remedies, at law or in equity, under this Agreement (including, without limitation, any indemnity obligations which shall survive termination of this Agreement) and any other rights and remedies available under Legal Requirements except as otherwise expressly limited by the terms of ARTICLE II. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that an Event of Default is applicable to one or more of the Hotels but not all of the Hotels, such termination shall only be as to such applicable Hotel(s).
ARTICLE XX
WAIVER AND INVALIDITY
20.01 WAIVER. The failure of either party to insist upon a strict performance of any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement or to exercise any option, right or remedy herein contained, shall not be construed as a waiver or as a relinquishment for the future of such term, provision, option, right or remedy, but the same shall continue and remain in full force and effect. No waiver by either party of any term or provision hereof shall be deemed to have been made unless expressed in writing and signed by such party.
20.02 PARTIAL INVALIDITY. In the event that any portion of this Agreement shall be declared invalid by order, decree or judgment of a court, this Agreement shall be construed as if such portion had not been inserted herein except when such construction would operate as an undue hardship on the Manager or Lessee or constitute a substantial deviation from the general intent and purpose of said parties as reflected in this Agreement, in which event it shall be terminated.
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ARTICLE XXI
ASSIGNMENT
Subject to the requirements of any Hotel Mortgage, Franchise Agreement, Ground Lease or any of the Leases, neither party shall assign or transfer (by operation of law or otherwise) or permit the assignment or transfer of this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other (which may be withheld in its sole discretion) and any such prohibited assignment or transfer shall be null and void; provided, however, that Manager shall have the right, without such consent, to assign its interest in this Agreement to any "Manager Affiliate Entity", provided such Manager Affiliate Entity qualifies as an Eligible Independent Contractor as of the date of such transfer. The term "MANAGER AFFILIATE ENTITY" shall mean any entity controlled directly or indirectly by (i) Archie Bennett, Jr. and/or Monty Bennett, (ii) family partnerships or trusts (the sole members or beneficiaries of which are at all times lineal descendants of Archie Bennett, Jr. or Monty Bennett (including step-children) and spouses of any of the foregoing), or (iii) by lineal descendants of Archie Bennett, Jr. or Monty Bennett (including step-children) and spouses of any of the foregoing. For purposes hereof, "controlled" shall mean (i) the possession, directly or indirectly of a majority of the voting power and capital stock or ownership interest of such entity, or (ii) the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such entity in the capacity of chief executive officer, president, chairman, or other similar capacity where they are actively engaged and/or involved in providing such direction or control and spend a substantial amount of time managing such entity. Any such permitted assignee shall be deemed to be the Manager for purposes of this Agreement provided such assignee assumes all of Manager's future obligations under this Agreement pursuant to an assumption agreement reasonably acceptable to Lessee. Any and all such assignments, however, shall at all times be subject to the prior right, title and interest of Lessee with respect to the Premises. An assignment by Manager or any permitted assignee of its interest in this Agreement, shall not relieve Manager or any such permitted assignee, as the case may be, from their respective obligations under this Agreement, and shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, their permitted successors and assigns. For purposes of this ARTICLE XXI any change in the ownership of the Manager or other event that would cause the Manager to fail to be a Manager Affiliate Entity shall be deemed to be a transfer of this Agreement, prohibited by this ARTICLE XXI unless first consented to in writing by Lessee.
ARTICLE XXII
NOTICES
All notices, demands, elections, or other communications that any party this Agreement may desire or be required to be given hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given by hand, by depositing the same in the United States mail, first class, postage prepaid, certified mail, return receipt requested, or by a recognized overnight courier service providing confirmation of delivery, to the addresses set forth below, or at such address as may be designated by the addressee upon written notice to the other party, (herein called "NOTICE").
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To Lessee: Ashford TRS Corporation 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 700 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chief Financial Officer Fax: (972) 490-9605 With a copy to: Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 700 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: General Counsel Fax: (972) 490-9605 To Manager: Remington Lodging & Hospitality L.P. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75240 Attn: Monty Bennett Fax: (972) 980-2705 With a copy to: Remington Lodging & Hospitality L.P. 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 700 Dallas, Texas 75240 Attn: Legal Department Fax: (972) 490-9605 To the Landlords: c/o Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 700 Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: General Counsel Fax: (972) 490-9605 |
All notices given pursuant to this ARTICLE XXII shall be deemed to have been given (i) if delivered by hand on the date of delivery or on the date that delivery was refused by the addressee, or (ii) if delivered by certified mail or by overnight courier, on the date of delivery as established by the return receipt or courier service confirmation (or the date on which the return receipt or courier service confirms that acceptance of delivery was refused by the addressee).
ARTICLE XXIII
SUBORDINATION; NON-DISTURBANCE
23.01 SUBORDINATION. This Agreement shall be subject and subordinate to any Hotel Mortgage and Lease, and Manager agrees to enter into a lender-manager or landlord-manager (as applicable) agreement with respect to each Hotel, which agreement shall contain reasonable provisions, including, without limitation, Manager's acknowledgment that its real estate interest in and to the applicable Hotel, if any, created by this Agreement is subject and subordinate to the applicable Hotel Mortgage or Lease, including providing any purchaser of such Hotel at a foreclosure sale or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, including the Holder, with the right to terminate this Agreement with respect to the applicable Hotel; provided, however, in no event will
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Manager agree to subordinate or waive its right to receive fees, reimbursements or indemnification payments under this Agreement arising prior to termination (but (a) if this Agreement is terminated by the Holder or such purchaser or Landlord (or its assignee) with respect to such Hotel, Manager shall not look to the Holder for payment of such fees, reimbursements or indemnification payments and Manager's right to receive such fees, reimbursements or indemnification payments shall be subordinated to the Holder's rights and (b) if this Agreement is not terminated by the Holder or such purchaser with respect to such Hotel, then such fees, reimbursements or indemnification payments shall be payable by the Holder or such purchaser). Notwithstanding the foregoing, Manager shall in no event be obligated to perform its duties hereunder without payment and/or reasonable assurance of payment of such fees, reimbursements or indemnification payments.
23.02 NON-DISTURBANCE AGREEMENT. Notwithstanding SECTION 23.01, Lessee
agrees that, prior to obtaining any Hotel Mortgage or executing any Lease,
Lessee will use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain from each
prospective Holder or Landlord (as applicable), a Non-Disturbance Agreement
pursuant to which Manager's rights under this Agreement will not be disturbed as
a result of a default stemming from non-monetary factors which (i) relate to
Lessee and do not relate solely to the applicable Hotel, and (ii) are not
defaults by Manager under SECTION 19.01 of this Agreement. If Lessee desires to
obtain a Hotel Mortgage or to execute a Lease, Manager, on written request from
Lessee, shall promptly identify those provisions in the proposed Hotel Mortgage
or Lease documents which fall within the categories described in clauses (i) and
(ii) above, and Manager shall otherwise assist in expediting the preparation of
an agreement between the prospective Holder and/or Landlord and Manager which
will implement the provisions of this SECTION 23.02.
ARTICLE XXIV
PROPRIETARY MARKS; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
24.01 PROPRIETARY MARKS. During the Term of this Agreement, the name "Remington," whether used alone or in connection with other another word(s), and all proprietary marks (being all present and future trademarks, trade names, symbols, logos, insignia, service marks, and the like) of Manager or any one of its Manager Affiliate Entities, whether or not registered ("PROPRIETARY MARKS") shall in all events remain the exclusive property of Manager and its Manager Affiliate Entities. Lessee shall have no right to use any Proprietary Mark, except during the term of this Agreement to have signage installed using any Proprietary Mark in conformance with the specifications provided by Manager. Upon Termination, any use of a Proprietary Mark by Lessee under this Agreement shall immediately cease. Upon Termination, Manager shall have the option to purchase, at their then book value, any items of the applicable Hotel's Inventories and Fixed Asset Supplies as may be marked with a Proprietary Mark. In the event Manager does not exercise such option, Lessee agrees that it will use any such items not so purchased exclusively in connection with Hotels until they are consumed.
24.02 COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND EQUIPMENT. All "SOFTWARE" (meaning all computer software and accompanying documentation, other than software which is commercially available, which are used by Manager in connection with the property management system, any reservation system and all future electronic systems developed by Manager for use in the Hotels)
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is and shall remain the exclusive property of Manager or any one of its Manager Affiliate Entities (or the licensor of such Software, as the case may be), and Lessee shall have no right to use, or to copy, any Software. Upon Termination, Manager shall have the right to remove from the Hotels, without compensation to Lessee, all Software, and any computer equipment which is utilized as part of a centralized property management system or is otherwise considered proprietary by Manager, excepting any software which is owned by the applicable Franchisor; provided that Manager shall cooperate with Lessee in the transition of the centralized management system to the new manager, including in the change of any Software and computer equipment. If any of such computer equipment is owned by Lessee, Manager shall reimburse Lessee for previous expenditures made by Lessee for the purchase of such equipment, subject to a reasonable allowance for depreciation.
24.03 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. All "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" (meaning all Software and manuals, brochures and directives issued by Manager to its employees at the Hotel regarding procedures and techniques to be used in operating the Hotel) shall at all times be proprietary to Manager or its Affiliates, and shall be the exclusive property of Manager or its Affiliates. Upon Termination, all Intellectual Property shall be removed from the Hotels by Manager, without compensation to Lessee.
24.04 BOOKS AND RECORDS. All Books and Records maintained with respect to the Hotels, including guest records but excluding employee records, shall be the sole property of Lessee but may be used by the Manager during the Term in connection with its management and operation of the Hotels.
ARTICLE XXV
INDEMNIFICATION
25.01 MANAGER INDEMNITY. Manager shall indemnify and hold Lessee (and Lessee's agents, principals, shareholders, partners, members, officers, directors, attorneys and employees) harmless from and against all liabilities, losses, claims, damages, costs and expenses (including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) which are not covered by insurance proceeds that may be incurred by or asserted against any such party and that arise from (a) the fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence of Manager; provided, however, that the act or omission of any employee of Manager who is not an Executive Employee, which act or omission is willful or constitutes fraud or gross negligence on the part of such employee, shall not constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of Manager unless Manager's home office or regional staff, or an Executive Employee, acted with gross negligence in employing, training, supervising or continuing the employment of such employee; (b) the infringement of any of Manager's intellectual property rights (including trademarks, software, etc.) on the intellectual property rights of any third party; (c) any Excluded Employee Claims; (d) knowing or reckless placing, discharge, leakage, use or storage, of hazardous materials on the Premises or in the Hotels by Manager during the Term of this Agreement as set forth in SECTION 28.09C; or (e) the breach by Manager of any provision of this Agreement, including, without limitation, any action taken by Manager which is beyond the scope of Manager's authority under this Agreement, which is not cured within any applicable notice and cure periods. Lessee shall promptly provide Manager with written notice of any claim or suit brought against it by a third party which might result in such indemnification.
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25.02 LESSEE INDEMNITY. Except with respect to matters for which Manager is obligated to provide indemnification pursuant to SECTION 25.01, and except with respect to matters that constitute a breach of any of the representations, warranties or agreements made by any of the grantors pursuant to the Omnibus Option Agreement dated May 15, 2003, among the Partnership and the grantors named therein or pursuant to any of the closing documents or other instruments, certificates or agreements delivered in connection therewith, provided that such representations, warranties or agreements are then surviving pursuant to the terms of said Omnibus Option Agreement. Lessee shall indemnify and hold Manager (and Manager's agents, principals, shareholders, partners, members, officers, directors, attorneys and employees) harmless from and against all liabilities, losses, claims, damages, costs and expenses (including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) which are not covered by insurance proceeds and that may be incurred by or asserted against such party and that arise from or in connection with (a) the performance of Manager's services under this Agreement; (b) the condition or use of the Hotels, to the fullest extent permitted by law, including without limitation, any injury to person(s) or damage to property or business by reason of any cause whatsoever in or about the Hotels; (c) any Employee Related Termination Costs, including any liability to which Manager is subjected pursuant to the WARN Act in connection with the termination of this Agreement, provided that Manager has provided notices in the form (other than any reference to the time period) required by the WARN Act within five (5) business days of Manager's receipt of a notice of the termination of this Agreement (excluding any termination of this Agreement which results from the commission of any theft, embezzlement or other criminal misappropriation of funds of the Hotels or from the Lessee or any fraud or felony by any Executive Employee that relates to or materially affects the operation or reputation of the Hotels); (d) the Employee Costs and Expenses as set forth in ARTICLE IX herein above; or (e) any Employee Claims, but excluding any Excluded Employee Claims. Manager shall promptly provide Lessee with written Notice of any claim or suit brought against it by a third party which might result in such indemnification. THIS INDEMNITY PROVISION IS INTENDED TO INDEMNIFY MANAGER (i) AGAINST THE CONSEQUENCES OF ITS OWN NEGLIGENCE OR FAULT WHEN MANAGER IS SOLELY NEGLIGENT OR CONTRIBUTORILY, PARTIALLY, JOINTLY, COMPARATIVELY OR CONCURRENTLY NEGLIGENT WITH LESSEE OR ANY OTHER PERSON (BUT IS NOT GROSSLY NEGLIGENT, HAS NOT COMMITTED AN INTENTIONAL ACT OR MADE INTENTIONAL OMISSION) AND (II) AGAINST ANY LIABILITY OF MANAGER BASED ON ANY APPLICABLE DOCTRINE OF STRICT LIABILITY.
25.03 INDEMNIFICATION PROCEDURE. Any party obligated to indemnify the other party under this Agreement (the "INDEMNIFYING PARTY") shall have the right, by Notice to the other party, to assume the defense of any claim with respect to which the other party is entitled to indemnification hereunder. If the Indemnifying Party gives such notice, (i) such defense shall be conducted by counsel selected by the Indemnifying Party and approved by the other party, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed (provided, however, that the other party's approval shall not be required with respect to counsel designated by the Indemnifying Party's insurer); (ii) so long as the Indemnifying Party is conducting such defense with reasonable diligence, the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to control said defense and shall not be required to pay the fees or disbursements of any counsel engaged by the other party for services rendered after the Indemnifying Party has given the Notice provided for above to the other party,
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except if there is a conflict of interest between the parties with respect to such claim or defense; and (iii) the Indemnifying Party shall have the right, without the consent of the other party, to settle such claim, but only provided that such settlement involves only the payment of money, the Indemnifying Party pays all amounts due in connection with or by reason of such settlement and, as part thereof, the other party is unconditionally released from all liability in respect of such claim. The other party shall have the right to participate in the defense of such claim being defended by the Indemnifying Party at the expense of the other party, but the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to control such defense (other than in the event of a conflict of interest between the parties with respect to such claim or defense). In no event shall (i) the other party settle any claim without the consent of the Indemnifying Party so long as the Indemnifying Party is conducting the defense thereof in accordance with this Agreement; or (ii) if a claim is covered by the Indemnifying Party's liability insurance, take or omit to take any action which would cause the insurer not to defend such claim or to disclaim liability in respect thereof.
25.04 SURVIVAL. The provisions of this Article shall survive the termination of this Agreement with respect to acts, omissions and occurrences arising during the Term.
25.05 NO SUCCESSOR LIABILITY. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Manager shall not be liable as a successor employer or entity for any actions Manager's predecessors may have taken in the employer-employee relationship with Manager's current or former employees or employees of Manager's agents before the commencement of the term.
ARTICLE XXVI
FUTURE HOTELS
Lessee acknowledges and agrees that any motel and/or hotel properties leased by Lessee from any Affiliates of the Partnership (including the Landlords) from and after the Effective Date ("FUTURE HOTELS"), may at the election of the parties to the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement either be subject to the terms and provisions of this Agreement effective upon execution of an amendment to this Agreement (the "AMENDMENT") in the form of EXHIBIT "E" attached hereto, or pursuant to a management agreement in form and substance substantially similar to the terms of this Agreement with either Manager or an Affiliate of Manager (provided said Affiliate constitutes an Eligible Independent Contractor); provided that there does not then exist an uncured Event of Default by Manager under this Agreement and the independent director approval requirements under the Mutual Exclusivity Agreement have been satisfied. Upon execution of such Amendment (as set forth therein), EXHIBIT "A" (Hotel Information), EXHIBIT "B" (Description of Leases), EXHIBIT "B-1" (Legal Descriptions for Sites), EXHIBIT "C" (Description of Franchise Agreements and Franchisors), EXHIBIT "D" (Annual Operating Budget) to this Agreement shall be amended to add the applicable information required by this Agreement with respect to the Future Hotel(s) subject of the Amendment. Effective upon execution of said Amendment, all terms and conditions of this Agreement shall be deemed amended to include and apply to such Future Hotel(s).
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ARTICLE XXVII
GOVERNING LAW VENUE
THIS AGREEMENT AND ITS INTERPRETATION, VALIDITY AND PERFORMANCE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF TEXAS WITHOUT REGARD TO ITS CONFLICTS OF LAWS PRINCIPLES. IN THE EVENT ANY COURT OF LAW OF APPROPRIATE JUDICIAL AUTHORITY SHALL HOLD OR DECLARE THAT THE LAW OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION IS APPLICABLE, THIS AGREEMENT SHALL REMAIN ENFORCEABLE UNDER THE LAWS OF THE APPROPRIATE JURISDICTION. THE PARTIES HERETO AGREE THAT VENUE FOR ANY ACTION IN CONNECTION HEREWITH SHALL BE PROPER IN DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS. EACH PARTY HERETO CONSENTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY LOCAL, STATE OR FEDERAL COURT SITUATED IN ANY OF SUCH LOCATIONS AND WAIVES ANY OBJECTION WHICH IT MAY HAVE PERTAINING TO IMPROPER VENUE OR FORUM NON CONVENIENS TO THE CONDUCT OF ANY PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT.
ARTICLE XXVIII
MISCELLANEOUS
28.01 RIGHTS TO MAKE AGREEMENT. Each party warrants, with respect to itself, that neither the execution of this Agreement nor the finalization of the transactions contemplated hereby shall violate any provision of law or judgment, writ, injunction, order or decree of any court or governmental authority having jurisdiction over it; result in or constitute a breach or default under any indenture, contract, other commitment or restriction to which it is a party or by which it is bound; or require any consent, vote or approval which has not been given or taken. Each party covenants that it has and will continue to have throughout the term of this Agreement and any extensions thereof, the full right to enter into this Agreement and perform its obligations hereunder.
28.02 AGENCY. Manager's limited agency established by this Agreement is coupled with an interest and may not be terminated by Lessee until the expiration of the Term of this Agreement except as otherwise provided in this Agreement.
28.03 FAILURE TO PERFORM. If Manager or Lessee at any time fails to make any payments as specified or required hereunder or fails to perform any other act required on its part to be made or performed hereunder without limitation, then the other party after thirty (30) days' written notice to the defaulting party may (but shall not be obligated to) pay any such delinquent amount or perform any such other act on the defaulting party's part. Any sums thus paid and all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the making of such payment or the proper performance of any such act, together with interest thereon at the lesser of (i) the interest rate allowed by the applicable usury laws or (ii) at the Prime Rate plus three percent (3%), from the date that such payment is made or such costs and expenses incurred, shall constitute a liquidated amount to be paid by the defaulting party under this Agreement to the other party on demand. For the purposes of this SECTION 28.03, the term "PRIME RATE" shall mean the "prime rate" as published in the "Money Rates" section of The Wall Street Journal; however, if such rate is, at any time during the Term of this Agreement, no longer so published, the term "Prime Rate" shall mean the average of the prime interest rates which are announced, from time to time, by the three (3) largest banks (by assets) headquartered in the United States which publish a "prime rate".
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28.04 HEADINGS. Headings of Articles and Sections are inserted only for convenience and are in no way to be construed as a limitation on the scope of the particular Articles or Sections to which they refer.
28.05 ATTORNEYS' FEES AND COSTS. If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of this Agreement, the prevailing party shall be entitled to reasonable attorneys' fees, costs and necessary disbursements in addition to any other relief to which such party may be entitled.
28.06 ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement, together with other writings signed by the parties expressly stated to be supplementary hereto and together with any instruments to be executed and delivered pursuant to this Agreement, constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes all prior understandings and writings, and may be changed only by a writing signed by the parties hereto.
28.07 CONSENTS. Whenever the consent or approval of Lessee is required under the terms of this Agreement, unless otherwise stated to the contrary, such consent or approval may be granted or withheld by Lessee in its reasonable discretion.
28.08 ELIGIBLE INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR. During the Term of this Agreement, Manager shall at all times qualify as an "eligible independent contractor" as defined in Section 856(d)(9) of the Code ("ELIGIBLE INDEPENDENT Contractor"). To that end, during the Term of this Agreement, Manager agrees that:
(a) Manager shall not conduct wagering activities at any of the Hotels;
(b) Manager shall not own, directly or indirectly (within the meaning of Section 856(d)(5) of the Code), more than thirty-five percent (35%) of the outstanding stock of AHT;
(c) no more than thirty-five percent (35%) of the Manager's partnership interest (in its assets or net profits) shall be owned (within the meaning of Section 856(d)(5) of the Code), directly or indirectly, by one or more persons owning thirty-five percent (35%) (within the meaning of Section 856(d)(5) of the Code) or more of the outstanding stock of AHT;
(d) neither AHT, the Partnership, the Landlords, nor the Lessee, shall derive any income from the Manager or any of its subsidiaries; and
(e) Manager (or a person who is a "related person" within the
meaning of Section 856(d)(9)(F) of the Code (a "RELATED PERSON") with
respect to Manager) shall be actively engaged in the trade or business
of operating "qualified lodging facilities" within the meaning of
Section 856(d)(9)(D) of the Code (defined below) for one or more
persons who are not Related Persons with respect to AHT or Lessee
("UNRELATED PERSONS"). For purposes of determining whether the
requirement of this paragraph (e) has been met, Manager shall be
treated as being "actively engaged" in such a trade or business if
Manager (i) derives at least 10% of both its profits and revenue from
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operating "qualified lodging facilities" within the meaning of Section 856(d)(9)(D) of the Code for Unrelated Persons or (ii) complies with any regulations or other administrative guidance under Section 856(d)(9) of the Code that provide a "safe harbor" rule with respect to the hotel management business with Unrelated Persons that is necessary to qualify as an "eligible independent contractor" within the meaning of such Code section.
A "qualified lodging facility" is defined in Section 856(d)(9)(D) of the Code and means a "Lodging Facility" (defined below), unless wagering activities are conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is fully authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. A "LODGING FACILITY" is a hotel, motel or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis, and includes customary amenities and facilities operated as party of, or associated with, the lodging facility so long as such amenities and facilities are customary for other properties of a comparable size and class owned by other owners unrelated to AHT.
28.09 ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS.
A. For purposes of this SECTION 28.09, "hazardous materials" means any substance or material containing one or more of any of the following: "hazardous material," "hazardous waste," "hazardous substance," "regulated substance," "petroleum," "pollutant," "contaminant," or "asbestos," as such terms are defined in any applicable environmental law, in such concentration(s) or amount(s) as may impose clean-up, removal, monitoring or other responsibility under any applicable environmental law, or which may present a significant risk of harm to guests, invitees or employees of the Hotels.
B. Regardless of whether or not a given hazardous material is permitted on the Premises under applicable environmental law, Manager shall only bring on the Premises such hazardous materials as are needed in the normal course of business of the Hotels.
C. In the event of the discovery of hazardous materials (as such term may be defined in any applicable environmental law) on the Premises or in the Hotels during the Term of this Agreement, Lessee shall promptly remove, if required by applicable environmental law, such hazardous materials, together with all contaminated soil and containers, and shall otherwise remedy the problem in accordance with all environmental laws (except to the extent knowingly or recklessly caused by Manager during the Term of this Agreement, whereupon the responsibility to promptly remove and/or remedy the environmental problem shall be that of Manager and at Manager's sole cost and expense). All costs and expenses of the compliance with all environmental laws shall be paid by Lessee from its own funds (except to the extent knowingly or recklessly caused by Manager during the Term of this Agreement as set forth herein above).
28.10 EQUITY AND DEBT OFFERINGS. Neither Lessee nor Manager (as an "ISSUING PARTY") shall make reference to the other party (the "NON-ISSUING PARTY") or any of its Affiliates
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in any prospectus, private placement memorandum, offering circular or offering documentation related thereto (collectively, referred to as the "PROSPECTUS"), issued by the issuing party, unless the non-issuing party has received a copy of all such references. In no event will the non-issuing party be deemed a sponsor of the offering described in any such Prospectus, nor will it have any responsibility for the Prospectus, and the Prospectus will so state. The issuing party shall be entitled to include in the Prospectus an accurate summary of this Agreement but shall not include any proprietary mark of the non-issuing party without prior written consent of the non-issuing party. The issuing party shall indemnify, defend and hold the non-issuing party and its Affiliates (and their respective directors, officers, shareholders, employees and agents) harmless from and against all loss, costs, liability and damage (including attorneys' fees and expenses, and the cost of litigation), arising out of any Prospectus or the offering described therein, except for any such losses, costs, liability and damage arising from material misstatements or omissions in a Prospectus based on information provided in writing by the non-issuing party expressly for inclusion in the Prospectus.
28.11 ESTOPPEL CERTIFICATES. Lessee and Manager will, at any time and from time to time within fifteen (15) days of the request of the other party or a Holder, or a Franchisor (if so permitted under the applicable Franchise Agreement), or a Landlord (if so permitted under the applicable Lease), execute, acknowledge, and deliver to the other party and such Holder, Franchisor or Landlord, as applicable, a certificate certifying:
A. That the Agreement is unmodified and in full force and effect (or, if there have been modifications, that the same is in full force and effect as modified and stating such modifications);
B. The dates, if any, to which the distributions of excess Working Capital have been paid;
C. Whether there are any existing Event(s) of Default or events which, with the passage of time, would become an Event of Default, by the other party to the knowledge of the party making such certification, and specifying the nature of such Event(s) of Default or defaults or events which, with the passage of time, would become an Event of Default, if any; and
D. Such other matters as may be reasonably requested.
Any such certificates may be relied upon by any party to whom the certificate is directed.
28.12 CONFIDENTIALITY. The Manager shall keep confidential all non-public information obtained in connection with the services rendered under this Agreement and shall not disclose any such information or use any such information except in furtherance of its duties under this Agreement and as may be required by any of its lenders or owners (provided said lenders and/or owners, as applicable agree prior to disclosure to keep such information confidential as set forth in this subparagraph 28.12), or as may be required by applicable Legal Requirements or court order, or as may be required under any Franchise Agreement, Hotel Mortgage, Lease or Ground Lease.
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28.13 MODIFICATION. Any amendment, supplement or modification of this Agreement must be in writing signed by both parties hereto.
28.14 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which is an original and all of which collectively constitute one instrument.
[SIGNATURE PAGES TO FOLLOW]
Hotel Master Management Agreement
Ashford TRS Corporation
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the Effective Date.
LESSEE:
ASHFORD TRS CORPORATION, a Delaware
corporation
MANAGER:
REMINGTON LODGING & HOSPITALITY, L.P., a
Delaware limited partnership
By: Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC,
a Delaware limited liability company,
its General Partner
AGREED TO AND ACCEPTED
FOR THE LIMITED PURPOSES
OF ARTICLE VIII SET FORTH
HEREIN:
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ASHFORD DALLAS LP, a
Delaware limited partnership
By: Ashford Properties General
Partner LLC, a Delaware
limited liability company
ASHFORD AUSTIN LP, a
Delaware limited partnership
By: Ashford Properties General
Partner LLC, a Delaware
limited liability company
ASHFORD LAS VEGAS LP, a
Delaware limited partnership
By: Ashford Properties General
Partner LLC, a Delaware
limited liability company
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ASHFORD DULLES LP, a
Delaware limited partnership
By: Ashford Properties General
Partner LLC, a Delaware
limited liability company
ASHFORD COVINGTON LP, a
Delaware limited partnership
By: Ashford Properties General
Partner LLC, a Delaware
limited liability company
ASHFORD HOLTSVILLE LP, a
Delaware limited partnership
By: Ashford Properties General
Partner LLC, a Delaware
limited liability company
Hotel Master Management Agreement
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LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit "A" - Hotel Information
Exhibit "B" - Description of Leases
Exhibit "B-1" - Legal Descriptions for Sites
Exhibit "C" - Description of Franchise Agreements and Franchisors
Exhibit "D" - Annual Operating Budget
Exhibit "E" - Form of Amendment to Hotel Master Management Agreement
LIST OF SCHEDULES
Schedule 1 - Competitive Set of Hotels
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EXHIBIT 10.11
LEASE AGREEMENT
DATED AS OF _______________, 2003
BETWEEN
[OWNER PARTNERSHIP]
AS LESSOR
AND
ASHFORD TRS CORPORATION
AS LESSEE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ARTICLE I LEASED PROPERTY; TERM...................................................................................1 1.1 Leased Property.......................................................................................1 1.2 Term..................................................................................................2 ARTICLE II DEFINITIONS............................................................................................2 2.1 Definitions...........................................................................................2 ARTICLE III BASE RENT; PERCENTAGE RENT; ADDITIONAL CHARGES.......................................................12 3.1 Rent.................................................................................................12 3.2 Confirmation of Percentage Rent......................................................................15 3.3 Additional Charges...................................................................................15 3.4 Net Lease Provision..................................................................................16 3.5 Conversion of Property...............................................................................16 ARTICLE IV IMPOSITIONS...........................................................................................16 4.1 Payment of Impositions...............................................................................16 4.2 Notice of Impositions................................................................................17 4.3 Adjustment of Impositions............................................................................18 4.4 Utility Charges......................................................................................18 ARTICLE V NO TERMINATION; ABATEMENT..............................................................................18 5.1 No Termination, Abatement, etc.......................................................................18 5.2 Abatement Procedures.................................................................................18 ARTICLE VI PERSONAL PROPERTY; LANDLORD'S LIEN....................................................................19 6.1 Ownership of the Leased Property.....................................................................19 6.2 Lessee's Personal Property...........................................................................19 6.3 Lessor's Lien........................................................................................19 ARTICLE VII CONDITIONS; USE......................................................................................19 7.1 Condition of the Leased Property.....................................................................19 7.2 Use of the Leased Property...........................................................................20 7.3 Lessor to Grant Easements, etc.......................................................................21 ARTICLE VIII COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAWS.....................................................................21 8.1 Compliance with Legal and Insurance Requirements, etc................................................21 8.2 Legal Requirement Covenants..........................................................................21 8.3 Environmental Covenants..............................................................................22 ARTICLE IX MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS...............................................................................24 9.1 Maintenance and Repair...............................................................................24 9.2 Encroachments, Restrictions, Etc.....................................................................25 ARTICLE X ALTERATIONS............................................................................................25 10.1 Alterations..........................................................................................25 ARTICLE XI PROHIBITED LIENS AND ENCUMBRANCES.....................................................................25 11.1 Liens................................................................................................25 ARTICLE XII PERMITTED CONTESTS...................................................................................26 12.1 Permitted Contests...................................................................................26 ARTICLE XIII INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS..............................................................................27 13.1 General Insurance Requirements.......................................................................27 13.2 Replacement Cost.....................................................................................28 13.3 Waiver of Subrogation................................................................................28 |
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13.4 Form Satisfactory, etc...............................................................................29 13.5 Increase in Limits...................................................................................29 13.6 Blanket Policy.......................................................................................29 13.7 No Separate Insurance................................................................................29 ARTICLE XIV INSURANCE PROCEEDS...................................................................................30 14.1 Insurance Proceeds...................................................................................30 14.2 Reconstruction in the Event of Damage or Destruction Covered by Insurance............................30 14.3 Reconstruction in the Event of Damage or Destruction Not Covered by Insurance........................31 14.4 Lessee's Property....................................................................................31 14.5 Abatement of Rent....................................................................................31 14.6 Damage Near End of Term..............................................................................31 14.7 Waiver...............................................................................................31 14.8 Termination Fees.....................................................................................31 ARTICLE XV CONDEMNATION; TAKING..................................................................................31 15.1 Definitions..........................................................................................31 15.2 Parties' Rights and Obligations......................................................................32 15.3 Total Taking.........................................................................................32 15.4 Allocation of Award..................................................................................32 15.5 Partial Taking.......................................................................................32 15.6 Temporary Taking.....................................................................................33 ARTICLE XVI EVENTS OF DEFAULT; REMEDIES; DAMAGES.................................................................33 16.1 Events of Default....................................................................................33 16.2 Surrender............................................................................................35 16.3 Damages..............................................................................................35 16.4 Waiver...............................................................................................36 16.5 Application of Funds.................................................................................36 ARTICLE XVII LESSOR'S RIGHT TO CURE..............................................................................36 17.1 Lessor's Right to Cure Lessee's Default..............................................................36 ARTICLE XVIII CAPITAL EXPENDITURE RESERVE........................................................................37 18.1 Capital Expenditure Reserve..........................................................................37 ARTICLE XIX REIT REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................37 19.1 REIT Requirements....................................................................................37 19.2 Lessee Officer and Employee Limitation...............................................................38 19.3 Management Agreement.................................................................................38 ARTICLE XX HOLDING OVER..........................................................................................39 20.1 Holding Over.........................................................................................39 ARTICLE XXI RISK OF LOSS.........................................................................................39 21.1 Risk of Loss.........................................................................................39 ARTICLE XXII INDEMNIFICATION.....................................................................................39 22.1 Indemnification......................................................................................39 ARTICLE XXIII SUBLETTING AND ASSIGNMENT..........................................................................40 23.1 Subletting and Assignment............................................................................40 23.2 Attornment...........................................................................................41 ARTICLE XXIV REPORTING AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS............................................................41 24.1 Officer's Certificates; Financial Statements; Budgets; Lessor's Estoppel Certificates and Covenants..................................................................41 |
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24.2 Operating Budget.....................................................................................42 24.3 Capital Budget.......................................................................................42 ARTICLE XXV LESSOR'S DEFAULT; CURE RIGHTS........................................................................42 25.1 Lessee's Right to Cure...............................................................................42 25.2 Breach by Lessor.....................................................................................43 ARTICLE XXVI NOTICES.............................................................................................43 26.1 Notices..............................................................................................43 ARTICLE XXVII MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS...........................................................................43 27.1 Transfer of Licenses.................................................................................43 27.2 Early Termination Rights; Termination Fees...........................................................43 27.3 Substitution of Initial Hotel........................................................................44 27.4 Compliance with Franchise Agreement..................................................................44 27.5 Lessor's Right to Inspect............................................................................44 27.6 Conveyance by Lessor.................................................................................44 27.7 Lessor May Grant Liens...............................................................................45 27.8 Non Disturbance Agreement............................................................................45 27.9 Waiver of Presentment, etc...........................................................................45 27.10 Memorandum of Lease...............................................................................45 27.11 Usury.............................................................................................45 27.12 No Waiver.........................................................................................45 27.13 Remedies Cumulative...............................................................................45 27.14 Acceptance of Surrender...........................................................................45 27.15 No Merger of Title................................................................................46 27.16 Quiet Enjoyment...................................................................................46 27.17 Binding Effect....................................................................................46 27.18 Entire Agreement; No Offer........................................................................46 27.19 Severability......................................................................................46 27.20 Counterparts......................................................................................47 27.21 Governing Law.....................................................................................47 27.22 Recitals; Headings................................................................................47 27.23 Survival..........................................................................................47 27.24 Exhibits..........................................................................................47 |
LIST OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT "A" - Property Description
EXHIBIT "B" - Rent Components and Terms
EXHIBIT "C" - Management Agreement
Lease Agreement
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LEASE AGREEMENT
THIS LEASE AGREEMENT (hereinafter called "LEASE"), is made as of the ____ day of _______________, 2003, by and between [OWNER PARTNERSHIP], a Delaware limited partnership (hereinafter called "LESSOR"), and ASHFORD TRS CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (hereinafter called "LESSEE"), and provides as follows:
WITNESSETH:
Lessor owns fee title to the Leased Property (as defined below);
Lessor desires to lease to Lessor and Lessee desires to lease from Lessor, the Leased Property, pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Lease;
NOW, THEREFORE, intending to be legally bound, Lessor, in consideration of the payment of rent by Lessee to Lessor, the covenants and agreements to be performed by Lessee, and upon the terms and conditions hereinafter stated, does hereby rent and lease unto Lessee, and Lessee does hereby rent and lease from Lessor, the Leased Property, as follows:
ARTICLE I
LEASED PROPERTY; TERM
1.1 LEASED PROPERTY. The Leased Property is comprised of Lessor's interest in that certain [EMBASSY SUITES] [RADISSON] hotel located at __________________ in ________ County, ______ and known as the "____________," as follows (collectively, "LEASED PROPERTY"):
(a) the land and/or ground leasehold interests described in EXHIBIT "A" attached hereto and by reference incorporated herein (the "LAND");
(b) all buildings, structures and other improvements of every kind including, but not limited to, alleyways and connecting tunnels, sidewalks, utility pipes, conduits and lines (on-site and offsite), parking areas and roadways appurtenant to such buildings and structures presently situated upon the Land (collectively, the "IMPROVEMENTS");
(c) all easements, rights and appurtenances relating to the Land and the Improvements;
(d) all equipment, machinery, fixtures, and other items of property required or incidental to the use of the Improvements as a hotel, including all components thereof, now and hereafter permanently affixed to or incorporated into the Improvements, including, without limitation, all furnaces, boilers, heaters, electrical equipment, heating, plumbing, lighting, ventilating, refrigerating, incineration, air and water pollution control, waste disposal, air-cooling and air-conditioning systems and apparatus, sprinkler systems and fire and theft protection equipment, all of which to the greatest extent permitted by law are hereby deemed by the parties hereto to constitute real estate, together with all replacements, modifications, alterations and additions thereto (collectively, the "FIXTURES");
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(e) all furniture and furnishings and all other items of personal property (excluding Inventory and personal property owned by Lessee) located on, and used in connection with, the operation of the Improvements as a hotel, together with all replacements, modifications, alterations and additions thereto; and
(f) all existing occupancy leases within the Leased Property (including any security deposits or collateral held by Lessor pursuant thereto).
THE LEASED PROPERTY IS DEMISED IN ITS PRESENT CONDITION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY (EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED) BY LESSOR AND SUBJECT TO THE RIGHTS OF PARTIES IN POSSESSION, AND TO THE EXISTING STATE OF TITLE INCLUDING ALL COVENANTS, CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, EASEMENTS AND OTHER MATTERS OF RECORD INCLUDING ALL APPLICABLE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS, THE LIEN OF FINANCING INSTRUMENTS, MORTGAGES, DEEDS OF TRUST AND SECURITY DEEDS, AND INCLUDING OTHER MATTERS WHICH WOULD BE DISCLOSED BY AN INSPECTION OF THE LEASED PROPERTY OR BY AN ACCURATE SURVEY THEREOF.
1.2 TERM. The term of the Lease (the "TERM") shall commence on _______________, 2003 (the "COMMENCEMENT DATE") and shall end on _______________, 2008 (the "EXPIRATION DATE"), unless sooner terminated in accordance with the provisions hereof.
ARTICLE II
DEFINITIONS
2.1 DEFINITIONS. For all purposes of this Lease, used in this Lease and not otherwise defined, shall except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires, (a) the terms used in this Lease and not otherwise defined, shall have the meanings assigned to them in this ARTICLE II and include the plural as well as the singular, (b) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as are at the time applicable, (c) all references in this Lease to designated "Articles," "Sections" and other subparagraphs are to the designated Articles, Sections and other subparagraphs of this Lease and (d) the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of similar import refer to this Lease as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subparagraphs.
ADDITIONAL CHARGES: As defined in SECTION 3.3.
AFFILIATE: As used in this Lease the term "AFFILIATE" of a person shall mean (a) any person that, directly or indirectly, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with such person, (b) any other person that owns, beneficially, directly or indirectly, ten percent or more of the outstanding capital stock, shares or equity interests of such person, or (c) any officer, director, employee, partner or trustee of such person or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such person (excluding trustees and persons serving in similar capacities who are not otherwise an Affiliate of such person). The term "PERSON" as used within
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this definition means and includes individuals, corporations, general and limited partnerships, stock companies or associations, joint ventures, associations, companies, trusts, banks, trust companies, land trusts, business trusts, or other entities and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof. For the purposes of this definition, "CONTROL" (including the correlative meanings of the terms "CONTROLLED BY" and "UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH"), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such person, through the ownership of voting securities, partnership interests or other equity interests.
AHT: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation.
AWARD: As defined in SECTION 15.1(c).
BASE RATE: The rate of interest announced publicly by Citibank, N.A., in New York, New York, from time to time, as such bank's base rate. If no such rate is announced or becomes discontinued, then such other rate as Lessor may reasonably designate.
BASE RENT: As defined in ARTICLE III.
BEVERAGE SALES: Shall mean gross revenue from (i) the sale of wine, beer, liquor or other alcoholic beverages, whether sold in the bar or lounge, delivered to a guest room, sold at meetings or banquets or at any other location at the Leased Property, or (ii) non-alcoholic beverages sold in the bar or lounge. Such revenues shall not include the following:
(a) Any gratuity or service charge added to a customer's bill or statement in lieu of a gratuity which is paid to an employee;
(b) Any revenues that are subsequently credited, rebated or refunded in the ordinary course of business; and
(c) Sales taxes or taxes of any other kind imposed on the sale of alcoholic or other beverages.
BUSINESS DAY: Each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which national banks in the City of Dallas, Texas, or in the municipality wherein the Leased Property is located are closed.
CAPITAL BUDGET: As defined in SECTION 24.3.
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES: Amounts expended to pay the costs of replacement and renewals to the FF&E of the Leased Property and Capital Improvements.
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE RESERVE: As defined in SECTION 18.1(a).
CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS: Certain non-routine repairs and maintenance to the building(s) of the Leased Property which are normally capitalized under generally accepted accounting principles such as, but not limited to, exterior and interior repainting, resurfacing, building walls, floors, roofs and parking areas, and replacing folding walls and the like, and major repairs,
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alterations, improvements, renewals or replacement to the building structure of the Leased Property or to its mechanical, electrical, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, plumbing or vertical transportation systems.
CERCLA: The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended.
CLAIMS: As defined in SECTION 12.1.
CODE: The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
COMMENCEMENT DATE: The date set forth in SECTION 1.2 as the commencement date with respect to the Facility.
CONDEMNATION: As defined in SECTION 15.1(a).
CONDEMNOR: As defined in SECTION 15.1(d).
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX: Consumer Price Index, published for Urban Consumers for the U.S. City Average for all Items, 1982-84 = 100 issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor, as published in The Wall Street Journal.
CPI ADJUSTMENT YEAR: The calendar year next following the year in which the Commencement Date occurs, if the Commencement Date occurs between January 1 and June 30, or the second calendar year following the year in which the Commencement Date occurs, if the Commencement Date occurs between July 1 and December 31.
DATE OF TAKING: As defined in SECTION 15.1(b).
ENCUMBRANCE: As defined in SECTION 27.7.
ELIGIBLE INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR: A management company that meets the following requirements:
(a) The management company does not permit wagering activities to be conducted at or in connection with the Facility.
(b) The management company does not own, directly or indirectly (within the meaning of Section 856(d)(5) of the Code), more than 35% of the outstanding stock of AHT.
(c) No more than 35% of its partnership interest (in its assets or net profits) is owned, directly or indirectly (within the meaning of Section 856(d)(5) of the Code), by one or more Persons owning 35% (within the meaning of Section 856(d) of the Code) or more of the outstanding stock of AHT.
(d) Neither AHT, the Lessor, nor the Lessee, derives any income from the management company or any of its subsidiaries.
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(e) At the time that the management company enters into a management agreement with the Lessee to operate the Leased Property, the management company (or any "RELATED PERSON" within the meaning of Section 856(d)(9)(F) of the Code) is actively engaged in the trade or business of operating "qualified lodging facilities" within the meaning of Section 856(d)(9)(D) of the Code for any Person who is not a "related person" within the meaning of Section 856(d)(9)(F) of the Code with respect to AHT or the Lessee (an "UNRELATED PERSON"). For purposes of determining whether the requirement of this paragraph (e) has been met, a management company shall be treated as being "actively engaged" in such a trade or business if the management company (i) derives at least 10% of both its profits and revenue from operating "qualified lodging facilities" within the meaning of Section 856(d)(9)(D) of the Code for Unrelated Persons or (ii) complies with any regulations or other administrative guidance under Section 856(d)(9) of the Code that provide a "safe harbor" rule with respect to the amount of hotel management business with Unrelated Persons that is necessary to qualify as an "eligible independent contractor" within the meaning of such Code section.
A "qualified lodging facility" is defined in Section 856(d)(9)(D) of the Code and means a "Lodging Facility" (defined below), unless wagering activities are conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is fully authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. A "LODGING FACILITY" is a hotel, motel or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis, and includes customary amenities and facilities operated as party of, or associated with, the lodging facility so long as such amenities and facilities are customary for other properties of a comparable size and class owned by other owners unrelated to AHT.
ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY: Any department, agency or other body or component of any Government that exercises any form of jurisdiction or authority under any Environmental Law.
ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORIZATION: Any license, permit, order, approval, consent, notice, registration, filing or other form of permission or authorization required under any Environmental Law.
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS: All applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to pollution of the environment (including without limitation, ambient air, surface water, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to emissions, discharges, a Release or threatened Release of Hazardous Materials or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials. Environmental Laws include but are not limited to CERCLA, FIFRA, RCRA, SARA and TSCA.
ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES: Any and all obligations to pay the amount of any judgment or settlement, the cost of complying with any settlement, judgment or order for injunctive or other equitable relief, the cost of compliance or corrective action in response to any notice, demand or request from an Environmental Authority, the amount of any civil penalty or criminal
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fine, and any court costs and reasonable amounts for attorney's fees, fees for witnesses and experts, and costs of investigation and preparation for defense of any claim or any Proceeding, regardless of whether such Proceeding is threatened, pending or completed, that may be or have been asserted against or imposed upon Lessor, Lessee, any Predecessor, the Leased Property or any property used therein and arising out of:
(a) Failure of Lessee, Lessor, any Predecessor or the Leased Property to comply at any time with all Environmental Laws;
(b) Presence of any Hazardous Materials on, in, under, at or in any way affecting the Leased Property;
(c) A Release at any time of any Hazardous Materials on, in, at, under or in any way affecting the Leased Property;
(d) Identification of Lessee, Lessor or any Predecessor as a potentially responsible party under CERCLA or under any Environmental Law similar to CERCLA;
(e) Presence at any time of any above-ground and/or underground storage tanks, as defined in RCRA or in any applicable Environmental Law on, in, at or under the Leased Property or any adjacent site or facility; or
(f) Any and all claims for injury or damage to persons or property arising out of exposure to Hazardous Materials originating or located at the Leased Property, or resulting from operation thereof or any adjoining property.
EVENT OF DEFAULT: As defined in SECTION 16.1.
EXPIRATION DATE: The date set forth in SECTION 1.2 as the expiration date with respect to the Facility.
FACILITY: The hotel and/or other facility offering lodging and other services or amenities being operated or proposed to be operated on the Leased Property.
FF&E: Shall mean all Fixtures, furniture, furnishings and equipment.
FIFRA: The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended.
FIRST ANNUAL ROOM REVENUES BREAK POINT: The amount of Room Revenues for the applicable Lease Year corresponding to such term as set forth on EXHIBIT "B".
FIRST TIER ROOM REVENUE PERCENTAGE: The percentage corresponding to such term as set forth on EXHIBIT "B".
FISCAL YEAR: The 12-month period from January 1 to December 31.
FIXTURES: As defined in SECTION 1.1(d).
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FOOD SALES: Shall mean gross revenue from the sale, for on-site consumption, of food and non-alcohol beverages sold at the Leased Property, including in respect to guest rooms, banquet rooms, meeting rooms and other similar rooms. Such revenues shall not include the following:
(a) Vending machine sales;
(b) Any gratuities or service charges added to a customer's bill or statement in lieu of a gratuity which is paid to an employee;
(c) Non-alcoholic beverages sold from the bar or lounge;
(d) Sales taxes or taxes of any other kind imposed on the sale of food or non-alcoholic beverages; and
(e) Any revenues that are subsequently credited, refunded or rebated in the ordinary course of business.
FRANCHISE AGREEMENT: Any franchise license agreement with a national franchisor under which the Facility is operated.
FULL REPLACEMENT COST: As defined in SECTION 13.2.
GAAP: GAAP shall mean, as of any date of determination, accounting
principles (a) set forth as generally accepted in then currently effective
Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of
Certified Public Accountants, (b) set forth as generally accepted in then
currently effective Statements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or
(c) that are then approved by such other entity as may be approved by a
significant segment of the accounting profession in the United States of
America. The term "consistently applied," as used in connection therewith, means
that the accounting principles applied are consistent in all material respects
to those applied at prior dates or for prior periods.
GOVERNMENT: The United States of America, any state, district or territory thereof, any foreign nation, any state, district, department, territory or other political division thereof, or any political subdivision of any of the foregoing.
GROSS REVENUES: shall mean all revenues and receipts of every kind received from operating the Facility and all departments and parts thereof, including but not limited to, income from both cash and credit transactions, income from the rental of rooms, stores, offices, banquet rooms, conference rooms, exhibits or sale space of every kind, license, lease and concession fees and rentals (not including gross receipts of licensees, lessors and concessionaires), vending machines, health club membership fees, food and beverage sales, wholesale and retail sales of merchandise, service charges, and proceeds, if any, from business interruption or other loss of income insurance; provided, however, Gross Revenues shall not include (a) gratuities to the Facility' employees, (b) federal, state or municipal excise, sales or use taxes or similar impositions collected directly from customers, patrons or guests or included as part of the sales prices of any goods or services paid over to federal, state or municipal governments, (c) property
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insurance or condemnation proceeds (excluding proceeds from business interruption coverage), (d) proceeds from the sale or refinance of assets other than sales in the ordinary course of business, (e) funds furnished by the Lessor, (f) judgments and awards, (g) the amount of all credits, rebates or refunds (which shall be deductions from Gross Revenues) to customers, patrons or guests, (h) the value of complimentary rooms, food and beverages, (i) interest income, (j) lease security deposits, and (k) items constituting "allowances" under the Uniform System.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS: All chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes and toxic substances, including without limitation:
(a) Solid or hazardous waste, as defined in RCRA or in any Environmental Law;
(b) Hazardous substances, as defined in CERCLA or in any Environmental Law;
(c) Toxic substances, as defined in TSCA or in any Environmental Law;
(d) Insecticides, fungicides, or rodenticides, as defined in FIFRA or in any Environmental Law; and
(e) Gasoline or any other petroleum product or byproduct, polychlorinated biphenols, asbestos and urea formaldehyde.
IMPOSITIONS: Collectively, all taxes (including, without limitation,
all ad valorem, sales and use, single business, gross receipts, transaction
privilege, rent or similar taxes as the same relate to or are imposed upon
Lessee or its business conducted upon the Leased Property), assessments
(including, without limitation, all assessments for public improvements or
benefit, whether or not commenced or completed prior to the date hereof and
whether or not to be completed within the Term), ground rents, water, sewer or
other rents and charges, excises, tax inspection, authorization and similar fees
and all other governmental charges, in each case whether general or special,
ordinary or extraordinary, or foreseen or unforeseen, of every character in
respect of the Leased Property or the business conducted thereon by Lessee
(including all interest and penalties thereon caused by any failure in payment
by Lessee), which at any time prior to, during or with respect to the Term
hereof may be assessed or imposed on or with respect to or be a lien upon (a)
Lessor's interest in the Leased Property, (b) the Leased Property, or any part
thereof or any rent therefrom or any estate, right, title or interest therein,
or (c) any occupancy, operation, use or possession of, or sales from, or
activity conducted on or in connection with the Leased Property, or the leasing
or use of the Leased Property or any part thereof by Lessee. Nothing contained
in this definition of Impositions shall be construed to require Lessee to pay
(1) any tax based on net income (whether denominated as a franchise or capital
stock or other tax) imposed on Lessor or any other person, or (2) any net
revenue tax of Lessor or any other person, or (3) any tax imposed with respect
to the sale, exchange or other disposition by Lessor of any Leased Property or
the proceeds thereof, or (4) any single business, gross receipts (other than a
tax on any rent received by Lessor from Lessee), transaction, privilege or
similar taxes as the same relate to or are imposed upon Lessor, except to the
extent that any tax, assessment, tax levy or charge that Lessee is obligated to
pay pursuant to the first sentence of this definition and that is in effect at
any time during the Term hereof is totally or
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partially repealed, and a tax, assessment, tax levy or charge set forth in clause (1) or (2) is levied, assessed or imposed expressly in lieu thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS: As defined in SECTION 1.1(b).
INDEMNIFIED PARTY: Either Lessee Indemnified Party or a Lessor Indemnified Party.
INDEMNIFYING PARTY: Any party obligated to indemnify an Indemnified Party pursuant to SECTIONS 8.3 OR 22.1.
INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS: All terms of any insurance policy required by this Lease and all requirements of the issuer of any such policy.
INVENTORY: All "INVENTORIES OF MERCHANDISE" and "INVENTORIES OF SUPPLIES" as defined in the Uniform System and including any property of the type described in Section 1221(1) of the Code.
LAND: As defined in SECTION 1.1(a).
LEASE: This Lease Agreement.
LEASE YEAR: Any 12-month period from January 1 through December 31 during the Term, or any shorter period at the beginning or end of the Term.
LEASED PROPERTY: As defined in SECTION 1.1.
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS: All federal, state, county, municipal and other governmental statutes, laws, rules, orders, regulations, ordinances, judgments, decrees and injunctions affecting either the Leased Property or the maintenance, construction, use or alteration thereof (whether by Lessee or otherwise), whether or not hereafter enacted and in force, including (a) all laws, rules or regulations pertaining to the environment, occupational health and safety and public health, safety or welfare, and (b) any laws, rules or regulations that may (1) require repairs, modifications or alterations in or to the Leased Property or (2) in any way adversely affect the use and enjoyment thereof; and all permits, licenses and authorizations and regulations relating thereto and all covenants, agreements, restrictions and encumbrances contained in any instruments, either of record or known to Lessee (other than encumbrances created by Lessor without the consent of Lessee), at any time in force affecting the Leased Property.
LESSEE: The Lessee designated on this Lease and its respective permitted successors and assigns.
LESSEE INDEMNIFIED PARTY: Lessee, any Affiliate of Lessee, any other Person against whom any claim for indemnification may be asserted hereunder as a result of a direct or indirect ownership interest (including a stockholder's interest) in Lessee, the officers, directors, stockholders, employees, agents and representatives of Lessee and any corporate stockholder, agent, or representative of Lessee, and the respective heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of any such officer, director, stockholder, employee, agent or representative.
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LESSEE'S PERSONAL PROPERTY: As defined in SECTION 6.2.
LESSOR: The Lessor designated on this Lease and its respective successors and assigns.
LESSOR INDEMNIFIED PARTY: Lessor, any Affiliate of Lessor, including AHT, any other Person against whom any claim for indemnification may be asserted hereunder as a result of a direct or indirect ownership interest in Lessor, the officers, trustees, directors, stockholders, partners, members, employees, agents and representatives of any of the foregoing Persons and of any stockholder, partner, member, agent, or representative of any of the foregoing Persons, and the respective heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of any such officer, trustee, director, partner, member, stockholder, employee, agent or representative.
LICENSES: As defined in SECTION 27.1.
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT: As defined in SECTION 19.2.
MANAGER: As defined in SECTION 19.2.
NOTICE: A notice given pursuant to ARTICLE XXVI.
OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE: A certificate of Lessee signed by the chief financial officer or another officer authorized so to sign by the board of directors or by-laws of Lessee, or any other person whose power and authority to act has been authorized by delegation in writing by any such officer.
OPERATING BUDGET: As defined in SECTION 24.2.
OTHER REVENUE PERCENTAGE: The percentage corresponding to such term as set forth on EXHIBIT "B".
OTHER REVENUES: All revenues, receipts, and income of any kind derived directly or indirectly from or in connection with the Facility and included in Gross Revenues, other than Room Revenues, Food Sales and Beverage Sales.
OVERDUE RATE: On any date, a rate equal to the Base Rate plus 5% per annum, but in no event greater than the maximum rate then permitted under applicable law.
PAYMENT DATE: Any due date for the payment of any installment of Base Rent.
PERCENTAGE RENT: As defined in SECTION 3.1(b).
PERIOD REVENUES COMPUTATION: As defined in SECTION 3.1(b).
PERSON: Any Government, natural person, corporation, partnership or other legal entity.
PREDECESSOR: Any Person whose liabilities arising under any Environmental Law have or may have been retained or assumed by Lessee, either contractually or by operation of law, relating to the Leased Property.
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PRIMARY INTENDED USE: As defined in SECTION 7.2(b).
PROCEEDING: Any judicial action, suit or proceeding (whether civil or criminal), any administrative proceeding (whether formal or informal), any investigation by a governmental authority or entity (including a grand jury), and any arbitration, mediation or other non-judicial process for dispute resolution.
RCRA: The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended.
REAL ESTATE TAXES: All real estate taxes, including general and special assessments, if any, which are imposed upon the Land, and any improvements thereon.
REIT REQUIREMENTS: As defined in SECTION 19.1(a).
RELEASE: A "Release" as defined in CERCLA or in any Environmental Law, unless such Release has been properly authorized and permitted in writing by all applicable Environmental Authorities or is allowed by such Environmental Law without authorizations or permits.
RENT: As defined in SECTION 3.1.
ROOM REVENUES: Shall mean gross revenue from the rental of guest rooms, whether to individuals, groups or transients, but excluding the following:
(a) The amount of all credits, rebates or refunds to customers, guests or patrons;
(b) All sales taxes or any other taxes imposed on the rental of such guest rooms; and
(c) Any fees collected for amenities including, but not limited to: telephone, laundry, Internet, movies or concessions.
SARA: The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, as amended.
SECOND ANNUAL ROOM REVENUES BREAK POINT: The amount of Room Revenues for the applicable Lease Year corresponding to such term as set forth on EXHIBIT "B".
SECOND TIER ROOM REVENUE PERCENTAGE: The percentage corresponding to such term as set forth on EXHIBIT "B".
STATE: The State or Commonwealth of the United States in which the Leased Property is located.
SUBSIDIARIES: One or more corporations in which Lessee owns, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting stock or control, as applicable.
TAKING: A taking or voluntary conveyance during the Term hereof of all or part of the Leased Property, or any interest therein or right accruing thereto or use thereof, as the result of, or in settlement of, any Condemnation or other eminent domain proceeding affecting the Leased Property whether or not the same shall have actually been commenced.
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TERM: As defined in SECTION 1.2.
THIRD TIER ROOM REVENUE PERCENTAGE: The percentage corresponding to such term as set forth on EXHIBIT "B".
TSCA: The Toxic Substances Control Act, as amended.
UNAVOIDABLE DELAY: Delays due to acts of God (including adverse weather conditions), acts of the state or federal government in its sovereign or contractual capacity, war, civil disturbance, riot or mob violence, terrorism, earthquake, flood, fire or other casualty, epidemic, quarantine restriction, labor strikes or lockout, freight embargo, or similar causes beyond the control of the parties hereto.
UNECONOMIC FOR ITS PRIMARY INTENDED USE: A state or condition of the Facility such that, in the good faith judgment of Lessee, reasonably exercised and evidenced by the resolution of the board of directors or other governing body of Lessee, the Facility cannot be operated on a commercially practicable basis for its Primary Intended Use, taking into account, among other relevant factors, the number of usable rooms and projected revenues, such that Lessee intends to, and shall, complete the cessation of operations at the Leased Facility.
UNIFORM SYSTEM: Shall mean the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry, 9th Revised Edition, as may be modified from time to time by the International Association of Hospitality Accountants.
UNSUITABLE FOR ITS PRIMARY INTENDED USE: A state or condition of the Facility such that, in the good faith judgment of Lessee, reasonably exercised and evidenced by the resolution of the board of directors or other governing body of Lessee, due to casualty damage or loss through Condemnation, the Facility cannot function as an integrated hotel facility consistent with standards applicable to a well maintained and operated hotel.
ARTICLE III
BASE RENT; PERCENTAGE RENT; ADDITIONAL CHARGES
3.1 RENT. Lessee will pay to Lessor, in lawful money of the United States of America which shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts, in immediately available funds, at Lessor's address set forth in ARTICLE II hereof or at such other place or to such other Person, as Lessor from time to time may designate in a Notice, the greater of the following:
(a) Base Rent: the annual amount of Base Rent set forth on EXHIBIT "B" (the "BASE RENT"), which shall be payable one-twelfth (1/12th) monthly in arrears on or before the first Business Day of the subsequent calendar month beginning on the date as set forth on EXHIBIT "B"; provided, however, that Base Rent shall be prorated as to any partial Lease Year; plus
(b) Percentage Rent: an amount of percentage rent ("PERCENTAGE RENT"), calculated for each calendar quarter, equal to the Period Revenues Computation through the end of such calendar quarter for the applicable Lease Year, which amount shall be payable on or before the
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fifteenth (15th) day of the following calendar quarter, beginning on the date as set forth on EXHIBIT "B".
The term "PERIOD REVENUES COMPUTATION" as used herein shall mean the
amount equal to the sum of, for the applicable Lease Year, (i) an amount equal
to the First Tier Room Revenue Percentage of all "Lease Year to date" Room
Revenues up to (but not exceeding) the First Annual Room Revenues Break Point,
(ii) an amount equal to the Second Tier Room Revenue Percentage of all "Lease
Year to date" Room Revenues in excess of the First Annual Room Revenues Break
Point but not exceeding the Second Annual Room Revenues Break Point, (iii) an
amount equal to the Third Tier Room Revenue Percentage of all "Lease Year to
date" Room Revenues in excess of the Second Annual Room Revenues Break Point,
and (iv) an amount equal to the Other Revenue Percentage of all "Lease Year to
date" Other Revenues.
If the Term begins or ends in the middle of a calendar year, then the number of calendar quarters falling within the Term during such calendar year shall constitute a separate Lease Year. In that event, the First Annual Room Revenues Break Point and the Second Annual Room Revenues Break Point shall be multiplied by a fraction equal to (x) the number of calendar quarters (including partial calendar quarters) in the Lease Year divided by (y) four.
(c) Officer's Certificates. Additionally, an Officer's Certificate in form reasonably acceptable to Lessor shall be delivered to Lessor quarterly of each Lease Year during the Term with each Percentage Rent payment, setting forth the calculation of such rent payment for such quarter. Such quarterly payments shall be as set forth in SECTION 3.1(b).
In addition, on or before January 25 of each year, commencing with
January 25 first following the end of the Fiscal Year in which the Commencement
Date occurs, Lessee shall deliver to Lessor an Officer's Certificate reasonably
acceptable to Lessor setting forth the computation of Percentage Rent accrued
and paid during the Fiscal Year that ended on the immediately preceding December
31. If the annual Percentage Rent due and payable for any Fiscal Year (as shown
in the applicable Officer's Certificate) exceeds the amount actually paid as
Percentage Rent by Lessee for such year, Lessee shall pay such excess to Lessor
at the time such certificate is delivered. If the Percentage Rent actually due
and payable for such Fiscal Year is shown by such certificate to be less than
the amount actually paid as Percentage Rent for the applicable Fiscal Year,
Lessor, at its option, shall reimburse such amount to Lessee or credit such
amount against the following months' Rent payments.
Any difference between the annual Percentage Rent due and payable for any Fiscal Year (as shown in the applicable Officer's Certificate or as adjusted pursuant to this SECTION 3.1(c)) and the total amount of quarterly payments for such Fiscal Year actually paid by Lessee as Percentage Rent, whether in favor of Lessor or Lessee, shall bear interest at the Overdue Rate, which interest shall accrue from the close of such Fiscal Year until the amount of such difference shall be paid or otherwise discharged. Any such interest payable to Lessor shall be deemed to be and shall be payable as Additional Charges.
The obligation to pay Percentage Rent shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of the Term, and a final reconciliation, taking into account, among other relevant adjustments, any adjustments which are accrued after such expiration or termination date but which related to
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Percentage Rent accrued prior to such termination date, and Lessee's good faith best estimate of the amount of any unresolved contractual allowances, shall be made not later than two years after such expiration or termination date, but Lessee shall advise Lessor within sixty (60) days after such expiration or termination date of Lessee's best estimate at that time of the approximate amount of such adjustments, which estimate shall not be binding on Lessee or have any legal effect whatsoever.
(d) CPI Adjustments to Rent. For each Fiscal Year of the Term beginning on or after the CPI Adjustment Year, the Base Rent then in effect, and the threshold Room Revenues then included in the Period Revenues Computations set forth in SECTION 3.1(b) shall be adjusted from time to time beginning in the CPI Adjustment Year as follows:
(1) The average Consumer Price Index for the most recently ended Fiscal Year shall be divided by the average Consumer Price Index for the immediately preceding Fiscal Year.
(A) The new Base Rent for the then current Fiscal Year shall be the adjusted amount obtained by multiplying the Base Rent for the immediately preceding Fiscal Year by the quotient obtained in subparagraph (d)(1) above.
(B) The new threshold dollar amount in the Period Revenues Computations described in SECTION 3.1(b) above for the then current Fiscal Year shall be the product of the threshold dollar amount of Room Revenues in effect in the most recently ended Fiscal Year and the quotient obtained in subparagraph (d)(1) above.
By way of example, if the CPI Adjustment Year were 2002, the amount of Base Rent and the threshold Room Revenues amounts in the Period Revenues Computations for the Fiscal Year commencing January 1, 2003 would be adjusted to reflect any change in the average Consumer Price Index from the Fiscal Year ended December 31, 2001 as compared to the Fiscal Year ended December 31, 2002. Base Rent and the threshold Room Revenues amounts in the Period Revenues Computations for the Fiscal Year commencing January 1, 2004 would be the Base Rent and threshold Room Revenues amounts applicable for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 as further adjusted to reflect any change in the average Consumer Price Index from December 31, 2003 as compared to December 31, 2002.
Lessor shall calculate the annual adjustments as soon as reasonably possible after the Consumer Price Index becomes available and shall notify Lessee in writing of the amount of the annual adjustment, together with a copy of the computation showing the adjustment amount. Adjustments calculated as set forth above in the Base Rent and threshold Room Revenues amounts shall be effective on January 1 of the Fiscal Year to which such adjusted amounts apply. If Rent is paid in any Fiscal Year prior to the determination of the amount of any adjustment to Base Rent or the threshold Room Revenues applicable for such Fiscal Year, payment adjustments for any shortfall in or overpayment of rent paid shall be made with the first Base Rent payment due after the amount of the adjustments are determined.
The "AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX" for any period shall be the average of the Consumer Price Index for each month during the period.
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(2) If (i) a significant change is made in the number or nature (or both) of items used in determining the Consumer Price Index, or (ii) the Consumer Price Index shall be discontinued for any reason, the Bureau of Labor Statistics shall be requested to furnish a new index comparable to the Consumer Price Index, together with information which will make possible a conversion to the new index in computing the adjustments to Rent hereunder. If for any reason the Bureau of Labor Statistics does not furnish such an index and such information, the parties will instead mutually select, accept and use such other index or comparable statistics on the cost of living that is computed and published by an agency of the United States or a responsible financial periodical of recognized authority.
(e) Capital Expenditures. The amounts funded to the Capital Expenditure Reserve shall be a credit to Rent payable hereunder.
3.2 CONFIRMATION OF PERCENTAGE RENT. Lessee shall utilize, or cause to
be utilized, an accounting system for the Leased Property in accordance with its
usual and customary practices, and in accordance with GAAP and the Uniform
System, that will accurately record all data necessary to compute Percentage
Rent, and Lessee shall retain, for at least four (4) years after the expiration
of each Fiscal Year (and in any event until the reconciliation described in
SECTION 3.1(c) for such Fiscal Year has been made), reasonably adequate records
conforming to such accounting system showing all data necessary to compute
Percentage Rent for the applicable Fiscal Years. Lessor, at its expense (except
as provided hereinbelow), shall have the right from time to time by its
accountants or representatives to audit the information that formed the basis
for the data set forth in any Officer's Certificate provided under SECTION
3.1(c) and, in connection with such audits, to examine all Lessee's records
(including supporting data, franchisor reports and sales and excise tax returns)
reasonably required to verify Percentage Rent, subject to any prohibitions or
limitations on disclosure of any such data under Legal Requirements. If any such
audit discloses a deficiency in the payment of Percentage Rent, and either
Lessee agrees with the result of such audit or the matter is otherwise
determined or compromised, Lessee shall forthwith pay to Lessor the amount of
the deficiency, as finally agreed or determined, together with interest at the
Overdue Rate from the date when said payment should have been made to the date
of payment thereof; provided, however, that as to any audit that is commenced
more than two years after the date Percentage Rent for any Fiscal Year is
reported by Lessee to Lessor, the deficiency, if any, with respect to such
Percentage Rent shall bear interest at the Overdue Rate only from the date such
determination of deficiency is made unless such deficiency is the result of
gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of Lessee, in which case
interest at the Overdue Rate will accrue from the date such payment should have
been made to the date of payment thereof. If any such audit discloses that the
Percentage Rent actually due from Lessee for any Fiscal Year exceed those
reported and paid by Lessee by more than 3%, Lessee shall pay the cost of such
audit and examination. Any proprietary information obtained by Lessor pursuant
to the provisions of this Section shall be treated as confidential, except that
such information may be used, subject to appropriate confidentiality safeguards,
in any litigation between the parties and except further that Lessor may
disclose such information to prospective lenders. The obligations of Lessee
contained in this Section shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of
this Lease.
3.3 ADDITIONAL CHARGES. In addition to the Base Rent and Percentage Rent, (a) Lessee also will pay and discharge as and when due and payable all other amounts, liabilities, obligations and Impositions that Lessee assumes or agrees to pay under this Lease, and (b) in the event of any failure on the part of Lessee to pay any of those items referred to in clause (a) of
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this SECTION 3.3, Lessee also will promptly pay and discharge every fine, penalty, interest and cost that may be added for non-payment or late payment of such items (the items referred to in clauses (a) and (b) of this SECTION 3.3 being additional rent hereunder and being referred to herein collectively as the "ADDITIONAL CHARGES"), and Lessor shall have all legal, equitable and contractual rights, powers and remedies provided either in this Lease or by statute or otherwise in the case of non-payment of the Additional Charges as in the case of non-payment of the Base Rent, including, but not limited to, the right, but not the obligation to pay such Additional Charges on behalf of the Lessee and to require reimbursement thereof by Lessee, together with interest thereon at the Overdue Rate. If any installment of Base Rent, Percentage Rent or Additional Charges (but only as to those Additional Charges that are payable directly to Lessor) shall not be paid on its due date, Lessee will pay Lessor on demand, as Additional Charges, a late charge (to the extent permitted by law) computed at the Overdue Rate on the amount of such installment, from the due date of such installment to the date of payment thereof. To the extent that Lessee pays any Additional Charges to Lessor pursuant to any requirement of this Lease, Lessee shall be relieved of its obligation to pay such Additional Charges to the entity to which they would otherwise be due and Lessor shall pay same from monies received from Lessee.
3.4 NET LEASE PROVISION. The Rent shall be paid absolutely net to Lessor, so that this Lease shall yield to Lessor the full amount of the installments of Base Rent, Percentage Rent and Additional Charges throughout the Term, all as more fully set forth in ARTICLE V, but subject to any other provisions of this Lease that expressly provide for adjustment or abatement of Rent or other charges or expressly provide that certain expenses or maintenance shall be paid or performed by Lessor.
3.5 CONVERSION OF PROPERTY. If, during the Term, Lessee wishes to cease
food and beverage operations or institute food and beverage operations at the
Facility (all in accordance with the requirements of any applicable Franchise
Agreement), Lessee shall give Notice of such desire to Lessor. If, during the
Term, Lessor wishes (a) Lessee to cease food and beverage operations or to
institute food and beverage operations at the Facility (all in accordance with
the requirements of any applicable Franchise Agreement), or (b) to change the
franchise affiliation of the Facility or to make substantial renovations to the
Facility, Lessor shall give Notice thereof to Lessee. Following any such notice,
Lessor and Lessee shall commence negotiations to adjust Rent to reflect the
proposed renovation or change to the operation of the Facility, each acting
reasonably and in good faith, and subject to Lessor's reasonable satisfaction
that any Rent adjustment will not adversely affect AHT's status as a real estate
investment trust under the Code. All other terms of this Lease will remain
substantially the same. During negotiations, which shall not extend beyond sixty
(60) days, Lessee shall not "convert" the Facility and Lessor shall not change
the franchise or commence substantial renovations and Lessee shall continue
fulfilling its obligations under the existing terms of this Lease. If no
agreement is reached after such 60-day period, Lessee or Lessor, as appropriate,
shall withdraw such notice and this Lease shall continue in full force.
ARTICLE IV
IMPOSITIONS
4.1 PAYMENT OF IMPOSITIONS. Subject to ARTICLE XII relating to permitted contests, Lessee will pay, or cause to be paid, all Impositions (other than Real Estate Taxes, which shall be
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paid by Lessor) before any fine, penalty, interest or cost may be added for
non-payment, such payments to be made directly to the taxing or other
authorities where feasible, and will promptly furnish to Lessor copies of
official receipts or other satisfactory proof evidencing such payments. Lessee's
obligation to pay such Impositions shall be deemed absolutely fixed upon the
date such Impositions become a lien upon the Leased Property or any part
thereof. If any such Imposition may, at the option of the taxpayer, lawfully be
paid in installments (whether or not interest shall accrue on the unpaid balance
of such Imposition), Lessee may exercise the option to pay the same (and any
accrued interest on the unpaid balance of such Imposition) in installments and
in such event, shall pay such installments during the Term hereof (subject to
Lessee's right of contest pursuant to the provisions of ARTICLE XII) as the same
respectively become due and before any fine, penalty, premium, further interest
or cost may be added thereto. Lessor, at its expense, shall, to the extent
required or permitted by applicable law, prepare and file all tax returns in
respect of Lessor's net income, gross receipts, sales and use, single business,
transaction privilege, rent, ad valorem, franchise taxes, Real Estate Taxes and
taxes on its capital stock, and Lessee, at its expense, shall, to the extent
required or permitted by applicable laws and regulations, prepare and file all
other tax returns and reports in respect of any Imposition as may be required by
governmental authorities. If any refund shall be due from any taxing authority
in respect of any Imposition paid by Lessee, the same shall be paid over to or
retained by Lessee if no Event of Default shall have occurred hereunder and be
continuing. If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, any
such refund shall be paid over to or retained by Lessor. Any such funds retained
by Lessor due to an Event of Default shall be applied as provided in ARTICLE
XVI. Lessor and Lessee shall, upon request of the other, provide such data as is
maintained by the party to whom the request is made with respect to the Leased
Property as may be necessary to prepare any required returns and reports. Lessee
shall file all personal property tax returns in such jurisdictions where it is
legally required to so file. Lessor, to the extent it possesses the same, and
Lessee, to the extent it possesses the same, will provide the other party, upon
request, with cost and depreciation records necessary for filing returns for any
property so classified as personal property. Where Lessor is legally required to
file personal property tax returns, Lessor shall provide Lessee with copies of
assessment notices in sufficient time for Lessee to file a protest. Lessee may,
upon notice to Lessor, at Lessee's option and at Lessee's sole expense, protest,
appeal, or institute such other proceedings (in its or Lessor's name) as Lessee
may deem appropriate to effect a reduction of real estate or personal property
assessments for those Impositions to be paid by Lessee, and Lessor, at Lessee's
expense as aforesaid, shall fully cooperate with Lessee in such protest, appeal,
or other action. Lessee hereby agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless
Lessor from and against any claims, obligations, and liabilities against or
incurred by Lessor in connection with such cooperation. Billings for
reimbursement of personal property taxes by Lessee to Lessor shall be
accompanied by copies of a bill therefor and payments thereof which identify the
personal property with respect to which such payments are made. Lessor, however,
reserves the right to effect any such protest, appeal or other action and, upon
notice to Lessee, shall control any such activity, which shall then go forward
at Lessor's sole expense. Upon such notice, Lessee, at Lessor's expense, shall
cooperate fully with such activities.
4.2 NOTICE OF IMPOSITIONS. To the extent Lessor is notified of any Impositions, Lessor shall give prompt Notice to Lessee of such Impositions payable by Lessee hereunder, provided that Lessor's failure to give any such Notice shall in no way diminish Lessee's
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obligations hereunder to pay such Impositions, but such failure shall obviate any default hereunder for a reasonable time after Lessee receives Notice of any Imposition which it is obligated to pay during the first taxing period applicable thereto.
4.3 ADJUSTMENT OF IMPOSITIONS. Impositions imposed in respect of the tax-fiscal period during which the Term terminates shall be adjusted and prorated between Lessor and Lessee, whether or not such Imposition is imposed before or after such termination, and Lessee's obligation to pay its prorated share thereof after termination shall survive such termination.
4.4 UTILITY CHARGES. Lessee will be solely responsible for obtaining and maintaining utility services to the Leased Property and will pay or cause to be paid all charges for electricity, gas, oil, water, sewer and other utilities used in the Leased Property during the Term.
ARTICLE V
NO TERMINATION; ABATEMENT
5.1 NO TERMINATION, ABATEMENT, ETC. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Lease, Lessee, to the extent permitted by law, shall remain bound by this Lease in accordance with its terms and shall neither take any action without the written consent of Lessor to modify, surrender or terminate the same, nor seek nor be entitled to any abatement, deduction, deferment or reduction of the Rent, or setoff against the Rent, nor shall the obligations of Lessee be otherwise affected by reason of (a) any damage to, or destruction of, any Leased Property or any portion thereof from whatever cause or any Taking of the Leased Property or any portion thereof, (b) the lawful or unlawful prohibition of, or restriction upon, Lessee's use of the Leased Property, or any portion thereof, or the interference with such use by any Person, corporation, partnership or other entity, or by reason of eviction by paramount title, (c) any claim which Lessee has or might have against Lessor by reason of any default or breach of any warranty by Lessor under this Lease or any other agreement between Lessor and Lessee, or to which Lessor and Lessee are parties, (d) any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, composition, readjustment, liquidation, dissolution, winding up or other proceedings affecting Lessor or any assignee or transferee of Lessor, or (e) for any other cause whether similar or dissimilar to any of the foregoing other than a discharge of Lessee from any such obligations as a matter of law. Lessee hereby specifically waives all rights, arising from any occurrence whatsoever, which may now or hereafter be conferred upon it by law to (1) modify, surrender or terminate this Lease or quit or surrender the Leased Property or any portion thereof, or (2) entitle Lessee to any abatement, reduction, suspension or deferment of the Rent or other sums payable by Lessee hereunder, except as otherwise specifically provided in this Lease. The obligations of Lessee hereunder shall be separate and independent covenants and agreements and the Rent and all other sums payable by Lessee hereunder shall continue to be payable in all events unless the obligations to pay the same shall be terminated pursuant to the express provisions of this Lease or by termination of this Lease other than by reason of an Event of Default.
5.2 ABATEMENT PROCEDURES. In the event of a partial Taking as described in SECTION 15.5, the Lease shall not terminate, but the Base Rent shall be abated in the manner and to the extent that is fair, just and equitable to both Lessee and Lessor, taking into consideration, among other relevant factors, the number of usable rooms, the amount of square footage, or the revenues affected by such partial Taking. If Lessor and Lessee are unable to agree upon the amount of
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such abatement within thirty (30) days after such partial Taking, the matter may be submitted by either party to a court of competent jurisdiction for resolution.
ARTICLE VI
PERSONAL PROPERTY; LANDLORD'S LIEN
6.1 OWNERSHIP OF THE LEASED PROPERTY. Lessee acknowledges that the Leased Property is the property of Lessor and that Lessee has only the right to the possession and use of the Leased Property upon the terms and conditions of this Lease.
6.2 LESSEE'S PERSONAL PROPERTY. At all times during the Term, Lessee will maintain Inventory as is required to operate the Leased Property in the manner contemplated by this Lease. Lessee may (and shall as provided hereinbelow), at its expense, install, affix or assemble or place on any parcels of the Land or in any of the Improvements, any items of personal property (including Inventory) owned by Lessee (the "LESSEE'S PERSONAL PROPERTY"). Lessee may, subject to the conditions set forth herein, remove any of Lessee's Personal Property upon the expiration or any prior termination of the Term. All of Lessee's Personal Property, other than Inventory, not removed by Lessee within ten days following the expiration or earlier termination of the Term shall be considered abandoned by Lessee and may be appropriated, sold, destroyed or otherwise disposed of by Lessor without first giving Notice thereof to Lessee, without any payment to Lessee and without any obligation to account therefor. Lessee will, at its expense, restore the Leased Property to the condition required by SECTION 9.1(d), including repair of all damage to the Leased Property caused by the removal of Lessee's Personal Property, whether effected by Lessee or Lessor.
6.3 LESSOR'S LIEN. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, Lessor is granted a lien and security interest on all of Lessee's Personal Property now or hereinafter placed in or upon the Leased Property, and such lien and security interest shall remain attached to Lessee's Personal Property until payment in full of all Rent and satisfaction of all of Lessee's obligations hereunder; provided, however, Lessor shall subordinate its lien and security interest to that of any non-Affiliate of Lessee which finances such Lessee's Personal Property or any non-Affiliate conditional seller of such Lessee's Personal Property, the terms and conditions of such subordination to be satisfactory to Lessor in the exercise of reasonable discretion. Lessee shall, upon the request of Lessor, execute such financing statements or other documents or instruments reasonably requested by Lessor to perfect the lien and security interests herein granted.
ARTICLE VII
CONDITIONS; USE
7.1 CONDITION OF THE LEASED PROPERTY. Lessee acknowledges receipt and delivery of possession of the Leased Property. Lessee has examined and otherwise has knowledge of the condition of the Leased Property and has found the same to be satisfactory for its purposes hereunder. LESSEE IS LEASING THE LEASED PROPERTY "AS IS" IN ITS PRESENT CONDITION. LESSEE WAIVES ANY CLAIM OR ACTION AGAINST LESSOR IN RESPECT OF THE CONDITION OF THE LEASED PROPERTY. LESSOR MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN RESPECT OF
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THE LEASED PROPERTY, OR ANY PART THEREOF, EITHER AS TO ITS FITNESS FOR USE, DESIGN OR CONDITION FOR ANY PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE OR OTHERWISE, AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE MATERIAL OR WORKMANSHIP THEREIN, LATENT OR PATENT, IT BEING AGREED THAT ALL SUCH RISKS ARE TO BE BORNE BY LESSEE. LESSEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT THE LEASED PROPERTY HAS BEEN INSPECTED BY LESSEE AND IS SATISFACTORY TO IT. Provided, however, to the extent permitted by law, Lessor hereby assigns to Lessee all of Lessor's rights to proceed against any predecessor in title other than Lessee for breaches of warranties or representations or for defects in the Leased Property. Lessor shall fully cooperate with Lessee in the prosecution of any such claim, in Lessor's or Lessee's name, all at Lessee's sole cost and expense. Lessee hereby agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Lessor from and against any claims, obligations and liabilities against or incurred by Lessor in connection with such cooperation.
7.2 USE OF THE LEASED PROPERTY.
(a) Lessee covenants that it will proceed with all due diligence and will exercise its best efforts to obtain and to maintain all approvals needed to use and operate the Leased Property and the Facility under applicable local, state and federal law.
(b) Lessee shall use or cause to be used the Leased Property only as a hotel facility, and for such other uses as may be necessary or incidental to such use or such other use as otherwise approved by Lessor (the "PRIMARY INTENDED USE"). Lessee shall not use the Leased Property or any portion thereof for any other use without the prior written consent of Lessor, which consent may be granted, denied or conditioned in Lessor's sole discretion. No use shall be made or permitted to be made of the Leased Property, and no acts shall be done, which will cause the cancellation or increase the premium of any insurance policy covering the Leased Property or any part thereof (unless another adequate policy satisfactory to Lessor is available and Lessee pays any premium increase), nor shall Lessee sell or permit to be kept, used or sold in or about the Leased Property any article which may be prohibited by law or fire underwriter's regulations. Lessee shall, at its sole cost, comply with all of the requirements pertaining to the Leased Property of any insurance board, association, organization or company necessary for the maintenance of insurance, as herein provided, covering the Leased Property and Lessee's Personal Property.
(c) Subject to the provisions of ARTICLES XIV, XV, XXI and XXII, Lessee
covenants and agrees that during the Term it will (1) operate or cause to
operate continuously the Leased Property as a hotel facility, (2) keep in full
force and effect and comply with all the provisions of the Franchise Agreement,
(3) not terminate or amend the Franchise Agreement without the consent of
Lessor, (4) maintain appropriate certifications and licenses for such use and
(5) will seek to maximize the gross revenues generated therefrom consistent with
sound business practices.
(d) Lessee shall not commit or suffer to be committed any waste on the Leased Property, or in the Facility, nor shall Lessee cause or permit any nuisance thereon.
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(e) Lessee shall neither suffer nor permit the Leased Property or any
portion thereof, or Lessee's Personal Property, to be used in such a manner as
(1) might reasonably tend to impair Lessor's (or Lessee's, as the case may be)
title thereto or to any portion thereof, or (2) may reasonably make possible a
claim or claims of adverse usage or adverse possession by the public, as such,
or of implied dedication of the Leased Property or any portion thereof, except
as necessary in the ordinary and prudent operation of the Facility on the Leased
Property.
7.3 LESSOR TO GRANT EASEMENTS, ETC. Lessor will, from time to time, so
long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, at the request of
Lessee and at Lessee's cost and expense (but subject to the approval of Lessor,
which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), (a) grant
easements and other rights in the nature of easements with respect to the Leased
Property to third parties, (b) release existing easements or other rights in the
nature of easements which are for the benefit of the Leased Property, (c)
dedicate or transfer unimproved portions of the Leased Property for road,
highway or other public purposes, (d) execute petitions to have the Leased
Property annexed to any municipal corporation or utility district, (e) execute
amendments to any covenants and restrictions affecting the Leased Property and
(f) execute and deliver to any person any instrument appropriate to confirm or
effect such grants, releases, dedications, transfers, petitions and amendments
(to the extent of its interests in the Leased Property), but only upon delivery
to Lessor of an Officer's Certificate stating that such grant, release,
dedication, transfer, petition or amendment is not detrimental to the proper
conduct of the business of Lessee on the Leased Property and does not materially
reduce the value of the Leased Property.
ARTICLE VIII
COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAWS
8.1 COMPLIANCE WITH LEGAL AND INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS, ETC. Subject to
SECTION 8.3(b) below and ARTICLE XII relating to permitted contests, and subject
further to the obligations of Lessor with respect to Capital Improvements as set
forth in SECTION 9.1(b), Lessee, at its expense, will promptly (a) comply with
all applicable Legal Requirements and Insurance Requirements in respect of the
use, operation, maintenance, repair and restoration of the Leased Property, and
(b) procure, maintain and comply with all appropriate licenses and other
authorizations required for any use of the Leased Property and Lessee's Personal
Property then being made, and for the proper erection, installation, operation
and maintenance of the Leased Property or any part thereof.
8.2 LEGAL REQUIREMENT COVENANTS. Subject to SECTION 8.3(b) below, Lessee covenants and agrees that the Leased Property and Lessee's Personal Property shall not be used for any unlawful purpose, and that Lessee shall not permit or suffer to exist any unlawful use of the Leased Property by others. Lessee shall acquire and maintain all appropriate licenses, certifications, permits and other authorizations and approvals needed to operate the Leased Property in its customary manner for the Primary Intended Use, and any other lawful use conducted on the Leased Property as may be permitted from time to time hereunder. Lessee further covenants and agrees that Lessee's use of the Leased Property and maintenance, alteration, and operation of the same, and all parts thereof, shall at all times conform to all Legal Requirements, unless the same are finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unlawful (and Lessee shall cause all such sub-tenants, invitees or others to so comply with all
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Legal Requirements). Lessee may, however, upon prior Notice to Lessor, contest the legality or applicability of any such Legal Requirement or any licensure or certification decision if Lessee maintains such action in good faith, with due diligence, without prejudice to Lessor's rights hereunder, and at Lessee's sole expense. If by the terms of any such Legal Requirement compliance therewith pending the prosecution of any such proceeding may legally be delayed without the incurrence of any lien, charge or liability of any kind against the Facility or Lessee's leasehold interest therein and without subjecting Lessee or Lessor to any liability, civil or criminal, for failure so to comply therewith, Lessee may delay compliance therewith until the final determination of such proceeding. If any lien, charge or civil or criminal liability would be incurred by reason of any such delay, Lessee, on the prior written consent of Lessor, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, may nonetheless contest as aforesaid and delay as aforesaid provided that such delay would not subject Lessor to criminal liability and Lessee both (a) furnishes to Lessor security reasonably satisfactory to Lessor against any loss or injury by reason of such contest or delay and (b) prosecutes the contest with due diligence and in good faith.
8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS. Lessor and Lessee (in addition to, and not in diminution of, Lessee's covenants and undertakings in SECTIONS 8.1 AND 8.2 hereof) covenant and agree as follows:
(a) At all times hereafter until such time as all liabilities, duties
or obligations of Lessee to the Lessor under the Lease have been satisfied in
full, Lessee shall fully comply with all Environmental Laws applicable to the
Leased Property and the operations thereon unless caused by the acts or grossly
negligent failures to act of Lessor. Lessee agrees to give Lessor written notice
of the following, promptly after Lessee receives knowledge thereof: (1) all
Environmental Liabilities; (2) all pending, threatened or anticipated
Proceedings, and all notices, demands, requests or investigations, relating to
any Environmental Liability or relating to the issuance, revocation or change in
any Environmental Authorization required for operation of the Leased Property;
(3) all Releases at, on, in, under or in any way affecting the Leased Property,
or any Release at, on, in or under any property adjacent to the Leased Property;
and (4) all facts, events or conditions that could reasonably lead to the
occurrence of any of the above-referenced matters.
(b) Lessee hereby agrees to defend, indemnify and save harmless any and all Lessor Indemnified Parties from and against any and all Environmental Liabilities except to the extent caused by the willful misconduct or gross negligence of Lessor.
(c) Lessor hereby agrees to defend, indemnify and save harmless any and all Lessee Indemnified Parties from and against any and all Environmental Liabilities caused by the willful misconduct or gross negligence of Lessor.
(d) If any Proceeding is brought against any Indemnified Party in respect of an Environmental Liability with respect to which such Indemnified Party may claim indemnification hereunder the Indemnifying Party, upon request, shall at its sole expense resist and defend such Proceeding, or cause the same to be resisted and defended by counsel designated by the Indemnified Party and approved by the Indemnifying Party, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld; provided, however, that such approval shall not be required
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in the case of defense by counsel designated by any insurance company undertaking such defense pursuant to any applicable policy of insurance. Each Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such Proceeding and to participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel will be at the sole expense of such Indemnified Party unless such counsel has been approved by the Indemnifying Party, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any such Proceeding made without its consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, but if settled with the consent of the Indemnifying Party, or if settled without its consent (if its consent shall be unreasonably withheld), or if there be a final, nonappealable judgment for an adversary party in any such Proceeding, the Indemnifying Party shall indemnify and hold harmless the Indemnified Parties from and against any liabilities incurred by such Indemnified Parties by reason of such settlement or judgement.
(e) At any time any Indemnified Party has reason to believe circumstances exist which could reasonably result in an Environmental Liability, upon reasonable prior written notice to Lessee stating such Indemnified Party's basis for such belief, an Indemnified Party shall be given immediate access to the Leased Property (including, but not limited to, the right to enter upon, investigate, drill wells, take soil borings, excavate, monitor, test, cap and use available land for the testing of remedial technologies), Lessee's employees, and to all relevant documents and records regarding the matter as to which a responsibility, liability or obligation is asserted or which is the subject of any Proceeding; provided that such access may be conditioned or restricted as may be reasonably necessary to ensure compliance with law and the safety of personnel and facilities or to protect confidential or privileged information. All Indemnified Parties requesting such immediate access and cooperation shall endeavor to coordinate such efforts to result in as minimal interruption of the operation of the Leased Property as practicable.
(f) The indemnification rights and obligations provided for in this ARTICLE VIII shall be in addition to any indemnification rights and obligations provided for elsewhere in this Lease.
(g) The indemnification rights and obligations provided for in this ARTICLE VIII shall survive the termination of this Lease.
For purposes of this SECTION 8.3, all amounts for which any Indemnified Party seeks indemnification shall be computed net of (a) any actual income tax benefit resulting therefrom to such Indemnified Party, (b) any insurance proceeds received (net of tax effects) with respect thereto, and (c) any amounts recovered (net of tax effects) from any third parties based on claims the Indemnified Party has against such third parties which reduce the damages that would otherwise be sustained; provided that in all cases, the timing of the receipt or realization of insurance proceeds or income tax benefits or recoveries from third parties shall be taken into account in determining the amount of reduction of damages. Each Indemnified Party agrees to use its reasonable efforts to pursue, or assign to Lessee or Lessor, as the case may be, any claims or rights it may have against any third party which would materially reduce the amount of damages otherwise incurred by such Indemnified Party.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Lease, if Lessor shall become entitled to the possession of the Leased Property by virtue of the termination of the Lease or repossession of the Leased Property, then Lessor may assign its indemnification rights under
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SECTION 8.3 of this Lease (but not any other rights hereunder) to any Person to whom the Lessor subsequently transfers the Leased Property, subject to the following conditions and limitations, each of which shall be deemed to be incorporated into the terms of such assignment, whether or not specifically referred to therein:
(1) The indemnification rights referred to in this section may be assigned only if a known Environmental Liability then exists or if a Proceeding is then pending or, to the knowledge of Lessee or Lessor, then threatened with respect to the Leased Property;
(2) Such indemnification rights shall be limited to Environmental Liabilities relating to or specifically affecting the Leased Property; and
(3) Any assignment of such indemnification rights shall be limited to the immediate transferee of Lessor, and shall not extend to any such transferee's successors or assigns.
ARTICLE IX
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS
9.1 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR.
(a) Except as provided in SECTION 9.1(b) or ARTICLES VIII OR XIV, Lessee, at its sole expense, will keep the Leased Property in good order and repair except for ordinary wear and tear (whether or not the need for such repairs occurred as a result of Lessee's use, any prior use, the elements or the age of the Leased Property, or any portion thereof), and, with reasonable promptness, make all necessary and appropriate repairs, replacements, and improvements thereto of every kind and nature, whether interior or exterior, ordinary or extraordinary, foreseen or unforeseen or arising by reason of a condition existing prior to the commencement of the Term of this Lease (concealed or otherwise), or required by any governmental agency having jurisdiction over the Leased Property. Lessee, however, shall be permitted to prosecute claims against Lessor's predecessors in title for breach of any representation or warranty or for any latent defects in the Leased Property to be maintained by Lessee unless Lessor is already diligently pursuing such a claim. All repairs shall, to the extent reasonably achievable, be at least equivalent in quality to the original work. Lessee will not take or omit to take any action, the taking or omission of which might materially impair the value or the usefulness of the Leased Property or any part thereof for its Primary Intended Use.
(b) Except as set forth in ARTICLE XVIII of this Lease, Lessee shall be required to make (at the sole cost and expense of Lessor) all Capital Expenditures required in connection with (i) Emergency Situations, (ii) Legal Requirements, (iii) maintenance of the Franchise Agreement, (iv) the performance by Lessee of its obligations under this Lease, and (v) other additions to the Leased Property as it may reasonably deem appropriate and that are permitted hereunder during the Term.
(c) Lessee will, upon the expiration or prior termination of the Term, vacate and surrender the Leased Property to Lessor in the condition in which the Leased Property was originally received from Lessor, except as repaired, rebuilt, restored, altered or added to as permitted or required by the provisions of this Lease and except for ordinary wear and tear
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(subject to the obligation of Lessee to maintain the Leased Property in good order and repair, as would a prudent owner, during the entire Term of the Lease, to the extent required in SECTION 9.1(a)), or damage by casualty or Condemnation (subject to the obligations of Lessee to restore or repair as set forth in the Lease.)
9.2 ENCROACHMENTS, RESTRICTIONS, ETC. If any of the Improvements, at any time, materially encroach upon any property, street or right-of-way adjacent to the Leased Property, or violate the agreements or conditions contained in any lawful restrictive covenant or other agreement affecting the Leased Property, or any part thereof, or impair the rights of others under any easement or right-of-way to which the Leased Property is subject, then promptly upon the request of Lessor or at the behest of any person affected by any such encroachment, violation or impairment, Lessee shall, at its expense, subject to its right to contest the existence of any encroachment, violation or impairment and in such case, in the event of an adverse final determination, either (a) obtain valid and effective waivers or settlements of all claims, liabilities and damages resulting from each such encroachment, violation or impairment, whether the same shall affect Lessor or Lessee or (b) make such changes in the Improvements, and take such other actions, as Lessee in the good faith exercise of its judgment deems reasonably practicable to remove such encroachment, and to end such violation or impairment, including, if necessary, the alteration of any of the Improvements, and in any event take all such actions as may be necessary in order to be able to continue the operation of the Improvements for the Primary Intended Use substantially in the manner and to the extent the Improvements were operated prior to the assertion of such violation, impairment or encroachment. Any such alteration shall be made in conformity with the applicable requirements of ARTICLE X. Lessee's obligations under this SECTION 9.2 shall be in addition to and shall in no way discharge or diminish any obligation of any insurer under any policy of title or other insurance held by Lessor.
ARTICLE X
ALTERATIONS
10.1 ALTERATIONS. Lessor shall have the right to make additions, modifications or improvements to the Leased Property from time to time as Lessor, in its discretion, may deem to be desirable for the permitted uses and purposes of the Leased Property, provided that such action will not significantly alter the character or purposes or significantly detract from the value or operating efficiency thereof and will not significantly impair the revenue-producing capability of the Leased Property or adversely affect the ability of the Lessee to comply with the provisions of this Lease. The cost of such additions, modifications or improvements to the Leased Property shall be paid by Lessor, and all such additions, modifications and improvements shall, be included under the terms of this Lease and shall at all times be the property of Lessor.
ARTICLE XI
PROHIBITED LIENS AND ENCUMBRANCES
11.1 LIENS. Subject to the provision of ARTICLE XII relating to permitted contests, Lessee will not directly or indirectly create or allow to remain and will promptly discharge at its expense any lien, encumbrance, attachment, title retention agreement or claim upon the Leased Property or any attachment, levy, claim or encumbrance in respect of the Rent, not including, however, (a) this Lease, (b) the matters, if any, included as exceptions in the title policy insuring
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Lessor's interest in the Leased Property, (c) restrictions, liens and other encumbrances which are consented to in writing by Lessor or any easements granted pursuant to the provisions of SECTION 7.3 of this Lease, (d) liens for those taxes upon Lessor which Lessee is not required to pay hereunder, (e) subleases permitted by ARTICLE XXIII hereof, (f) liens for Impositions or for sums resulting from noncompliance with Legal Requirements so long as (1) the same are not yet payable or are payable without the addition of any fine or penalty or (2) such liens are in the process of being contested as permitted by ARTICLE XII, (g) liens of mechanics, laborers, materialmen, suppliers or vendors for sums either disputed or not yet due provided that (1) the payment of such sums shall not be postponed under any related contract for more than sixty (60) days after the completion of the action giving rise to such lien and such reserve or other appropriate provisions as shall be required by law or generally accepted accounting principles shall have been made therefor or (2) any such liens are in the process of being contested as permitted by ARTICLE XII hereof, and (h) any liens which are the responsibility of Lessor pursuant to the provisions of ARTICLE IV of this Lease.
ARTICLE XII
PERMITTED CONTESTS
12.1 PERMITTED CONTESTS. Lessee shall have the right to contest the amount or validity of any Imposition to be paid by Lessee or any Legal Requirement or Insurance Requirement or any lien, attachment, levy, encumbrance, charge or claim ("CLAIMS") not otherwise permitted by ARTICLE XI, by appropriate legal proceedings in good faith and with due diligence (but this shall not be deemed or construed in any way to relieve, modify or extend Lessee's covenants to pay or its covenants to cause to be paid any such charges at the time and in the manner as in this ARTICLE XII provided), on condition, however, that such legal proceedings shall not operate to relieve Lessee from its obligations hereunder and shall not cause the sale or risk the loss of the Leased Property, or any part thereof, or cause Lessor or Lessee to be in default under any mortgage, deed of trust or security deed encumbering the Leased Property or any interest therein. Upon the request of Lessor, Lessee shall either (a) provide a bond or other assurance reasonably satisfactory to Lessor that all Claims which may be assessed against the Leased Property together with interest and penalties, if any, thereon will be paid, or (b) deposit within the time otherwise required for payment with a bank or trust company as trustee upon terms reasonably satisfactory to Lessor, as security for the payment of such Claims, money in an amount sufficient to pay the same, together with interest and penalties in connection therewith, as to all Claims which may be assessed against or become a Claim on the Leased Property, or any part thereof, in said legal proceedings. Lessee shall furnish Lessor and any lender of Lessor with reasonable evidence of such deposit within five days of the same. Lessor agrees to join in any such proceedings if the same be required to legally prosecute such contest of the validity of such Claims; provided, however, that Lessor shall not thereby be subjected to any liability for the payment of any costs or expenses in connection with any proceedings brought by Lessee; and Lessee covenants to indemnify and save harmless Lessor from any such costs or expenses. Lessee shall be entitled to any refund of any Claims and such charges and penalties or interest thereon which have been paid by Lessee or paid by Lessor and for which Lessor has been fully reimbursed. In the event that Lessee fails to pay any Claims when due or to provide the security therefor as provided in this paragraph and to diligently prosecute any contest of the same, Lessor may, upon ten days advance Notice to Lessee, pay such charges together with any interest and penalties and the same
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shall be repayable by Lessee to Lessor as Additional Charges at the next Payment Date provided for in this Lease. Provided, however, that should Lessor reasonably determine that the giving of such Notice would risk loss to the Leased Property or cause damage to Lessor, then Lessor shall give such Notice as is practical under the circumstances. Lessor reserves the right to contest any of the Claims at its expense not pursued by Lessee. Lessor and Lessee agree to cooperate in coordinating the contest of any Claims.
ARTICLE XIII
INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS
13.1 GENERAL INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS. During the Term of this Lease, Lessee and/or Lessor, as applicable shall at all times keep the Leased Property insured (or cause the Leased Property to be insured) with the kinds and amounts of insurance described below. This insurance shall be written by companies authorized to issue insurance in the State. The policies must name Lessor and/or Lessee, as the insured or as an additional named insured, as the case may be. Losses shall be payable to Lessor or Lessee as provided in this Lease. Any loss adjustment shall require the written consent of Lessor and Lessee, each acting reasonably and in good faith. Evidence of insurance shall be deposited with Lessor (with a copy to Lessee). The policies on the Leased Property, including the Improvements, Fixtures and Lessee's Personal Property, shall include:
(a) To be paid for by Lessor as primary insured, with Lessee (lender or ground lessor, as applicable) as additional insured:
(i) Building insurance on the "SPECIAL FORM" (formerly "All Risk" form) (including earthquake and flood in reasonable amounts as determined by Lessor) in an amount not less than 100% of the then full replacement cost thereof (as defined in SECTION 13.2) or such other amount which is acceptable to Lessor, and personal property insurance on the "SPECIAL FORM" in the full amount of the replacement cost thereof;
(ii) Insurance for loss or damage (direct and indirect) from steam boilers, pressure vessels or similar apparatus, now or hereafter installed in the Facility, in the minimum amount of $5,000,000 or in such greater amounts as are then customary or as may be reasonably requested by Lessor from time to time;
(b) To be paid for by Lessee as primary insured, with Lessor, franchisor and Manager, as required, as additional insured:
(i) Personal property insurance on the "SPECIAL FORM" in the full amount of the replacement cost thereof for any personal property owned by Lessee;
(ii) Loss of income insurance on the "SPECIAL FORM", in the amount of one year of the sum of Base Rent plus Percentage Rent (based on the last Lease Year of operation or, to the extent the Leased Property has not been operated for an entire 12-month Lease Year, based on prorated Percentage Rent) for the benefit of
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Lessor, and business interruption insurance on the "SPECIAL FORM" in the amount of one year of gross operating profit, for the benefit of Lessee;
(iii) Commercial general liability insurance, with amounts not less than $1,000,000 combined single limit for each occurrence and $2,000,000.00 for the aggregate of all occurrences within each policy year, as well as excess liability (umbrella) insurance with limited of at least $35,000,000 per occurrence, covering each of the following: bodily injury, death, or property damage liability per occurrence, personal and advertising injury, general aggregate, products and completed operations, with respect to Lessor, and "all risk legal liability" (including liquor law or "dram shop" liability if liquor or alcoholic beverages are served on the Leased Property) with respect to Lessor and Lessee;
(c) To be paid for by Lessee for the benefit of Manager as primary insured, with Lessor and Lessee as additional insured:
(i) Automobile insurance on vehicles operating in conjunction with the Facility with limits of liability of at least $1,000,000.00 combined, single limit coverage;
(ii) Workers' compensation and employer's liability insurance as may be required under applicable laws to the extent necessary to protect Lessor, Lessee, and the Leased Property against workers' compensation claims covering all employees at the Facility, with such deductible limits or self insured retentions as may be established from time to time by Lessee and/or it's Manager;
(iii) Fidelity bonds with limits and deductibles as may be reasonably requested by Lessor, covering Manager's employees in job classifications normally bonded under prudent hotel management practices in the United States or otherwise required by law; and
(d) Such other insurance covering such other hazards and in such amounts as may be customary for comparable properties in the area of the Leased Property to be paid for and carried by Lessor or Lessee, as customary, and which is available from insurance companies, insurance pools or other appropriate companies authorized to do business in the State at rates which are economically practicable in relation to the risks covered as may be reasonably requested by Lessor.
13.2 REPLACEMENT COST. The term "FULL REPLACEMENT COST" as used herein shall mean the actual replacement cost of the Leased Property requiring replacement from time to time including an increased cost of construction endorsement, if available, and the cost of debris removal. In the event either party believes that full replacement cost (the then-replacement cost less such exclusions) has increased or decreased at any time during the Term, it shall have the right to have such full replacement cost re-determined.
13.3 WAIVER OF SUBROGATION. All insurance policies carried by Lessor or Lessee covering the Leased Property, the Fixtures, the Facility or Lessee's Personal Property, including, without limitation, contents, fire and casualty insurance, shall expressly waive any right of
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subrogation on the part of the insurer against the other party. The parties hereto agree that their policies will include such waiver clause or endorsement so long as the same are obtainable without extra cost, and in the event of such an extra charge the other party, at its election, may pay the same, but shall not be obligated to do so.
13.4 FORM SATISFACTORY, ETC. All of the policies of insurance referred to in this ARTICLE XIII shall be written in a form, with deductibles and by insurance companies satisfactory to Lessor and shall satisfy the requirements of the Franchise Agreement. Lessee shall pay all of the premiums required for any insurance required to be carried by Lessee hereunder, and shall deliver such policies or certificates thereof to Lessor prior to their effective date (and, with respect to any renewal policy, thirty (30) days prior to the expiration of the existing policy), and in the event of the failure by Lessee either to effect such insurance as herein called for or to pay the premiums therefor, or to deliver such policies or certificates thereof to Lessor at the times required, Lessor shall be entitled, but shall have no obligation, after ten (10) days' Notice to Lessee, to effect such insurance and pay the premiums therefor, and to be reimbursed for any premium or premiums upon written demand therefore. Each insurer mentioned in this ARTICLE XIII shall agree, by endorsement to the policy or policies issued by it, or by independent instrument furnished to Lessee, that it will give to Lessor thirty (30) days' [TEXAS: TEN (10) DAYS'] written notice before the policy or policies in question shall be materially altered, allowed to expire or canceled.
13.5 INCREASE IN LIMITS. If either Lessor or Lessee at any time deems the limits of the personal injury or property damage under the comprehensive commercial general liability insurance then carried to be either excessive or insufficient, Lessor or Lessee shall endeavor in good faith to agree on the proper and reasonable limits for such insurance to be carried and such insurance shall thereafter be carried with the limits thus agreed on until further change pursuant to the provisions of this Section.
13.6 BLANKET POLICY. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this ARTICLE XIII, Lessee may bring the insurance provided for herein within the coverage of a so-called blanket policy or policies of insurance carried and maintained by Lessee; provided, however, that the coverage afforded to Lessor and Lessee will not be reduced or diminished or otherwise be different from that which would exist under a separate policy meeting all other requirements of this Lease by reason of the use of such blanket policy of insurance, and provided further that the requirements of this ARTICLE XIII are otherwise satisfied.
13.7 NO SEPARATE INSURANCE. Lessee shall not on Lessee's own initiative or pursuant to the request or requirement of any third party, take out separate insurance concurrent in form or contributing in the event of loss with that required in this ARTICLE XIII to be furnished, or increase the amount of any then existing insurance by securing an additional policy or additional policies, unless all parties having an insurable interest in the subject matter of the insurance, including in all cases Lessor, are included therein as additional insureds, and the loss is payable under such additional separate insurance in the same manner as losses are payable under this Lease. Lessee shall immediately notify Lessor that Lessee has obtained any such separate insurance or of the increasing of any of the amounts of the then existing insurance.
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ARTICLE XIV
INSURANCE PROCEEDS
14.1 INSURANCE PROCEEDS. Subject to the provisions of SECTION 14.6 and the terms of any lender mortgage, all proceeds payable by reason of any loss or damage to the Leased Property, or any portion thereof, and insured under any policy of insurance required by ARTICLE XIII of this Lease shall be paid to Lessor and held by Lessor in an interest-bearing account, shall be made available, if applicable, for reconstruction or repair, as the case may be, of any damage to or destruction of the Leased Property, or any portion thereof, and, if applicable, shall be paid out by Lessor from time to time for the reasonable costs of such reconstruction or repair upon satisfaction of reasonable terms and conditions specified by Lessor. Any excess proceeds of insurance remaining after the completion of the restoration or reconstruction of the Leased Property shall be paid to Lessor. If neither Lessor nor Lessee is required or elects to repair and restore, all insurance proceeds shall be retained by Lessor. All salvage resulting from any risk covered by insurance shall belong to Lessor.
14.2 RECONSTRUCTION IN THE EVENT OF DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION COVERED BY INSURANCE.
(a) Except as provided in SECTION 14.6, if during the Term the Leased Property is totally or partially destroyed by a risk covered by the insurance described in ARTICLE XIII, whether or not such damage or destruction renders the Facility Unsuitable for its Primary Intended Use, Lessee shall be obligated, but only to the extent of any insurance proceeds made available to Lessee and any other sums advanced by Lessor pursuant to the next sentence, to restore the Facility to substantially the same condition as existed immediately before the damage or destruction and otherwise in accordance with the terms of the Lease. If the insurance proceeds are not adequate to restore the Facility to that condition, each of Lessor and Lessee shall have the right to terminate this Lease, without in any way affecting any other leases in effect between Lessor and Lessee, by giving Notice to the other and all insurance proceeds shall be retained by Lessor; provided, however, that, if such termination is by Lessee, Lessor shall have the right, in its sole discretion, to nullify the termination and keep this Lease in full force by providing, within thirty (30) days after Lessee's Notice of termination, a Notice to Lessee of Lessor's unconditional, legally binding obligation to be responsible for all restoration costs in excess of the insurance proceeds. If this Lease is not terminated and Lessee restores the Facility, the insurance proceeds, and any other sums made available by Lessor as aforesaid, shall be paid out by Lessor from time to time for the reasonable costs of such restoration upon satisfaction of reasonable terms and conditions, and any excess proceeds remaining after such restoration shall be retained by Lessor.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of SECTION 14.2(a) above, if Lessee cannot within a reasonable time obtain all necessary government approvals, including building permits, licenses and conditional use permits, after diligent efforts to do so, to perform all required repair and restoration work and to operate the Facility for its Primary Intended Use in substantially the same manner as that existing immediately prior to such damage or destruction and otherwise in accordance with the terms of the Lease, either Lessor or Lessee may terminate this Lease by providing Notice to the other party, without in any way affecting any other Leases then in effect between Lessor and Lessee.
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14.3 RECONSTRUCTION IN THE EVENT OF DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION NOT COVERED
BY INSURANCE. Except as provided in SECTION 14.6, if during the Term the
Facility is totally or materially destroyed by a risk not covered by the
insurance described in ARTICLE XIII, whether or not such damage or destruction
renders the Facility Unsuitable for its Primary Intended Use, the provisions of
SECTION 14.2 applicable to casualties for which insurance proceeds are
inadequate shall govern.
14.4 LESSEE'S PROPERTY. All insurance proceeds payable by reason of any loss of or damage to any of Lessee's Personal Property shall be paid to Lessee; provided, however, no such payments shall diminish or reduce the insurance payments otherwise payable to or for the benefit of Lessor hereunder.
14.5 ABATEMENT OF RENT. Any damage or destruction due to casualty notwithstanding, this Lease shall remain in full force and effect (unless otherwise terminated as set forth hereinabove) and Lessee's obligation to make rental payments and to pay Rent required by this Lease shall remain unabated by any damage or destruction which does not result in a reduction of Gross Revenues. If and to the extent that any damage or destruction results in a reduction of Gross Revenues which would otherwise be realizable from the operation of the Facility, then Lessor shall receive all loss of income insurance and Lessee shall have no obligation to pay Rent in excess of the amount of Percentage Rent, if any, realizable from Gross Revenues generated by the operation of the Leased Property during the existence of such damage or destruction.
14.6 DAMAGE NEAR END OF TERM. Notwithstanding any provisions of SECTION
14.2 OR 14.3 appearing to the contrary, if damage to or destruction of the
Facility unsuitable for its Primary Intended Use occurs during the last
twenty-four (24) months of the Term, then Lessee shall have the right to
terminate this Lease by giving written notice to Lessee within thirty (30) days
after the date of damage or destruction, whereupon all accrued Rent shall be
paid immediately, and this Lease shall automatically terminate five days after
the date of such notice.
14.7 WAIVER. Lessee hereby waives any statutory rights of termination that may arise by reason of any damage or destruction of the Facility that Lessor is obligated to restore or may restore under any of the provisions of this Lease.
14.8 TERMINATION FEES. Notwithstanding anything appearing contrary in this ARTICLE XIV, if this Lease is terminated by Lessor by reason of damage to the Facility due to a casualty, then Lessor agrees to pay Lessee, within forty-five (45) says of said termination, the termination fees, as applicable, as set forth in Section 18.04 of the Management Agreement. No termination fees are payable in the event of Unavoidable Delay (except for a casualty as set forth hereinabove) or Condemnation.
ARTICLE XV
CONDEMNATION; TAKING
15.1 DEFINITIONS.
(a) "CONDEMNATION" means a Taking resulting from (1) the exercise of any governmental power, whether by legal proceedings or otherwise, by a Condemnor, and (2) a
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voluntary sale or transfer by Lessor to any Condemnor, either under threat of condemnation or while legal proceedings for condemnation are pending.
(b) "DATE OF TAKING" means the date the Condemnor has the right to possession of the property being condemned.
(c) "AWARD" means all compensation, sums or anything of value awarded, paid or received on a total or partial Condemnation.
(d) "CONDEMNOR" means any public or quasi-public authority, or private corporation or individual, having the power of Condemnation.
15.2 PARTIES' RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS. If during the Term there is any Condemnation of all or any part of the Leased Property or any interest in this Lease, the rights and obligations of Lessor and Lessee shall be determined by this ARTICLE XV.
15.3 TOTAL TAKING. If title to the fee of the whole of the Leased Property is condemned by any Condemnor, this Lease shall cease and terminate as of the Date of Taking by the Condemnor. If title to the fee of less than the whole of the Leased Property is so taken or condemned, which nevertheless renders the Leased Property Unsuitable or Uneconomic for its Primary Intended Use, Lessee and Lessor shall each have the option, by notice to the other, at any time prior to the Date of Taking, to terminate this Lease as of the Date of Taking. Upon such date, if such Notice has been given, this Lease shall thereupon cease and terminate. All Base Rent, Percentage Rent and Additional Charges paid or payable by Lessee hereunder shall be apportioned as of the Date of Taking, and Lessee shall promptly pay Lessor such amounts.
15.4 ALLOCATION OF AWARD. The total Award made with respect to the Leased Property in connection with a Total Taking shall be equitably apportioned between Lessor and Lessee in proportion to the then fair market values of the respective estates and interests of Lessor and Lessee in and to the Leased Property and under this Lease.
15.5 PARTIAL TAKING. If title to less than the whole of the Leased
Property is condemned, and the Leased Property is still suitable for its Primary
Intended Use, and not Uneconomic for its Primary Intended Use, or if Lessee or
Lessor is entitled but neither elects not to terminate this Lease as provided in
SECTION 15.3, Lessee at its cost shall with all reasonable dispatch, but only to
the extent of any condemnation awards made available to Lessee and any other
sums advanced by Lessor pursuant to the next sentence, restore the untaken
portion of any Improvements so that such Improvements constitute a complete
architectural unit of the same general character and condition (as nearly as may
be possible under the circumstances) as the Improvements existing immediately
prior to the Condemnation. If the condemnation awards are not adequate to
restore the Facility to that condition, each of Lessor and Lessee shall have the
right to terminate this Lease, without in any way affecting any other leases in
effect between Lessor and Lessee, by giving Notice to the other; provided,
however that, if such termination is by Lessee, Lessor shall have the right, in
its sole discretion, to nullify the termination and keep this Lease in full
force by providing, within thirty (30) days after Lessee's Notice of
termination, a Notice to Lessee of Lessor's unconditional, legally binding
obligation to be responsible for all restoration costs in excess of the
condemnation awards. If this Lease is not terminated and
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Lessee restores the Facility, the condemnation awards, and any other sums made available by Lessor as aforesaid, subject to the terms of any lender mortgage, shall be held in trust by Lessor and paid out by Lessor from time to time for the reasonable costs of such restoration upon satisfaction of reasonable terms and conditions, and any excess awards remaining after such restoration shall be retained by Lessor unless the partial condemnation materially impairs the operations or financial performance of the Facility, in which latter event the award shall be equitably apportioned between Lessor and Lessee in proportion to the then fair market values of the respective estates and interests of Lessor and Lessee in and to the Leased Property and under this Lease.
15.6 TEMPORARY TAKING. If the whole or any part of the Leased Property or of Lessee's interest under this Lease is condemned by any Condemnor for its temporary use or occupancy, this Lease shall not terminate by reason thereof, and Lessee shall continue to pay, in the manner and at the terms herein specified, the full amounts of the Base Rent, Percentage Rent and Additional Charges. In addition, the entire amount of any Award made for such Condemnation allocable to the Term of this Lease, whether paid by way of damages, rent or otherwise, shall be paid to Lessee and, except for any portion thereof utilized for restoration, shall be deemed to be Room Revenues for the purpose of calculating the Percentage Rent payable hereunder during such temporary taking. Except only to the extent that Lessee may be prevented from so doing pursuant to the terms of the order of the Condemnor, Lessee shall continue to perform and observe all of the other terms, covenants, conditions and obligations hereof on the part of the Lessee to be performed and observed, as though such Condemnation had not occurred. Lessee covenants that upon the termination of any such period of temporary use or occupancy it will, at its sole cost and expense (subject to Lessor's contribution as set forth below), restore the Leased Property as nearly as may be reasonably possible to the condition in which the same was immediately prior to such Condemnation, unless (a) such period of temporary use or occupancy extends beyond the expiration of the Term, in which case Lessee shall not be required to make such restoration, or (b) the condemnation award is inadequate to cover the costs of such restoration, in which case the provisions of SECTION 15.5 applicable to inadequate awards shall govern. If restoration is required in connection with such temporary taking and the condemnation award (together with any other sums Lessor elects, in its sole discretion, to advance) is adequate to pay the costs thereof, the provisions of SECTION 15.5 shall govern the disbursement of the awards (and other sums, if applicable) and the disposition of any awards in excess of restoration costs. If restoration is required hereunder, Lessor shall contribute to the cost of such restoration that portion of its entire Award that is specifically allocated to such restoration in the judgment or order of the court, if any, and Lessee shall fund the balance of such costs in advance of restoration in a manner reasonably satisfactory to Lessor.
ARTICLE XVI
EVENTS OF DEFAULT; REMEDIES; DAMAGES
16.1 EVENTS OF DEFAULT. If any one or more of the following events (individually, an "EVENT OF DEFAULT") occurs:
(a) if Lessee fails to make payment of the Base Rent or Percentage Rent
or Additional Charges when the same become due and payable for a period of ten
(10) days after receipt by the Lessee of Notice from the Lessor thereof;
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(b) if Lessee fails to observe or perform any term, covenant or condition of this Lease, other than the payment of Rent or Additional Rent, and such failure is not cured by Lessee within a period of thirty (30) days after receipt by the Lessee of Notice thereof from Lessor, unless such failure cannot with due diligence be cured within a period of thirty (30) days, in which case it shall not be deemed an Event of Default if Lessee proceeds promptly and with due diligence to cure the failure and diligently completes the curing thereof provided, however, in no event shall such cure period extend beyond one hundred and twenty (120) days after such Notice; or
(c) if the Lessee shall file a petition in bankruptcy or reorganization for an arrangement pursuant to any federal or state bankruptcy law or any similar federal or state law, or shall be adjudicated a bankrupt or shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or if a petition or answer proposing the adjudication of the Lessee as a bankrupt or its reorganization pursuant to any federal or state bankruptcy law or any similar federal or state law shall be filed in any court and the Lessee shall be adjudicated a bankrupt and such adjudication shall not be vacated or set aside or stayed within sixty (60) days after the entry of an order in respect thereof, or if a receiver of the Lessee or of the whole or substantially all of the assets of the Lessee shall be appointed in any proceeding brought by the Lessee or if any such receiver, trustee or liquidator shall be appointed in any proceeding brought against the Lessee and shall not be vacated or set aside or stayed within sixty (60) days after such appointment; or
(d) if Lessee is liquidated or dissolved, or begins proceedings toward such liquidation or dissolution, or, in any manner, permits the sale or divestiture of substantially all of its assets; or
(e) if the estate or interest of Lessee in the Leased Property or any part thereof is voluntarily or involuntarily transferred, assigned, conveyed, levied upon or attached in any proceeding (unless Lessee is contesting such lien or attachment in good faith in accordance with ARTICLE XII hereof); or
(f) if, except as a result of and to the extent required by damage, destruction, partial or complete Condemnation or Unavoidable Delay, Lessee voluntarily ceases operations on the Leased Property for a period in excess of thirty (30) days; or
(g) if: (A) an event of default has been declared by the franchisor under the Franchise Agreement with respect to the Facility on the Leased Premises as a result of any action or failure to act by Lessee or any Person with whom Lessee contracts for management services at the Facility, and (B) Lessee has failed, within thirty (30) days thereafter, to cure such default by either (1) curing the underlying default under the Franchise Agreement and paying all costs and expenses associated therewith, or (2) obtaining at Lessee's sole cost and expense a substitute franchise license agreement with a substitute franchisor acceptable to Lessor, on terms and conditions acceptable to Lessor; provided, however, that if Lessee is in good faith disputing an assertion of default by the franchisor or is proceeding diligently to cure such default, the 30-day period shall be extended for such period of time as Lessee continues to dispute such default in good faith or diligently proceeds to cure such default, so long as there is no period during which the Facility is not operated pursuant to a Franchise Agreement approved by Lessor;
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then, and in any such event, Lessor may exercise one or more remedies available to it herein or at law or in equity, including, but not limited to, its right to terminate this Lease by giving Lessee not less than ten (10) days' Notice of such termination.
If litigation is commenced with respect to any alleged default under this Lease, the prevailing party in such litigation shall receive, in addition to its damages incurred, such sum as the court shall determine as its reasonable attorneys' fees, and all costs and expenses incurred in connection therewith.
No Event of Default (other than a failure to make a payment of money) shall be deemed to exist under clause (c) during any time the curing thereof is prevented by an Unavoidable Delay, provided that upon the cessation of such Unavoidable Delay, Lessee remedies such default or Event of Default without further delay.
16.2 SURRENDER. If an Event of Default occurs (and the event giving rise to such Event of Default has not been cured within the curative period relating thereto as set forth in SECTION 16.1) and is continuing, whether or not this Lease has been terminated pursuant to SECTION 16.1, Lessee shall, if requested by Lessor so to do, immediately surrender to Lessor the Leased Property including, without limitation, any and all books, records, files, licenses, permits and keys relating thereto, and quit the same and Lessor may enter upon and repossess the Leased Property by reasonable force, summary proceedings, ejectment or otherwise, and may remove Lessee and all other persons and any and all personal property from the Leased Property, subject to rights of any hotel guests and to any requirement of law. Lessee hereby waives any and all requirements of applicable laws for service of notice to re-enter the Leased Property. Lessor shall be under no obligation to, but may if it so chooses, relet the Leased Property or otherwise mitigate Lessor's damages, except unless otherwise required by applicable law.
16.3 DAMAGES. Neither (a) the termination of this Lease, (b) the repossession of the Leased Property, (c) the failure of Lessor to relet the Leased Property, nor (d) the reletting of all or any portion thereof, shall relieve Lessee of its liability and obligations hereunder, all of which shall survive any such termination, repossession or reletting. In the event of any such termination, Lessee shall forthwith pay to Lessor all Rent due and payable with respect to the Leased Property to and including the date of such termination.
Lessee shall forthwith pay to Lessor, at Lessor's option, as and for liquidated and agreed current damages for Lessee's default, either:
(1) Without termination of Lessee's right to possession of the Leased Property, each installment of Rent and other sums payable by Lessee to Lessor under the Lease as the same becomes due and payable, which Rent and other sums shall bear interest at the Overdue Rate, and Lessor may enforce, by action or otherwise, any other term or covenant of this Lease; or
(2) the sum of:
(A) the unpaid Rent which had been earned at the time of termination, repossession or reletting, and
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(B) the worth at the time of termination, repossession or reletting of the amount by which the unpaid Rent for the balance of the Term after the time of termination, repossession or reletting, exceeds the amount of such rental loss that Lessee proves could be reasonably avoided, and
(C) any other amount necessary to compensate Lessor for all the detriment proximately caused by Lessee's failure to perform its obligations under this Lease or which in the ordinary course of things, would be likely to result therefrom. The worth at the time of termination, repossession or reletting of the amount referred to in subparagraph (B) is computed by discounting such amount at the discount rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York at the time of award plus 1%.
Rent for the purposes of this SECTION 16.3 shall be a sum equal to (i) the average of the annual amounts of the greater of the Base Rent or Percentage Rent for the three Fiscal Years immediately preceding the Fiscal Year in which the termination, re-entry or repossession takes place, or (ii) if three Fiscal Years shall not have elapsed, the average of the greater of the Base Rent or Percentage Rent during the preceding Fiscal Years during which the Lease was in effect, or (iii) if one Fiscal Year has not elapsed, the amount derived by annualizing the greater of the Base Rent or Percentage Rent from the effective date of this Lease.
16.4 WAIVER. If this Lease is terminated pursuant to SECTION 16.1, Lessee waives, to the extent permitted by applicable law, (a) any right to a trial by jury in the event of summary proceedings to enforce the remedies set forth in this ARTICLE XVI, and (b) the benefit of any laws now or hereafter in force exempting property from liability for rent or for debt and Lessor waives any right to "pierce the corporate veil" of Lessee other than to the extent funds shall have been inappropriately paid any Affiliate of Lessee following a default resulting in an Event of Default.
16.5 APPLICATION OF FUNDS. Any payments received by Lessor under any of the provisions of this Lease during the existence or continuance of any Event of Default shall be applied to Lessee's obligations in the order that Lessor may determine or as may be prescribed by the laws of the State.
ARTICLE XVII
LESSOR'S RIGHT TO CURE
17.1 LESSOR'S RIGHT TO CURE LESSEE'S DEFAULT. If Lessee fails to make any payment or to perform any act required to be made or performed under this Lease including, without limitation, Lessee's failure to comply with the terms of any Franchise Agreement, and fails to cure the same within the relevant time periods provided in SECTION 16.1, Lessor, without waiving or releasing any obligation of Lessee, and without waiving or releasing any obligation or default, may (but shall be under no obligation to) at any time thereafter make such payment or perform such act for the account and at the expense of Lessee, and may, to the extent permitted by law, enter upon the Leased Property for such purpose and, subject to SECTION 16.4, take all such action thereon as, in Lessor's opinion, may be necessary or appropriate therefor. No such entry shall be deemed an eviction of Lessee. All sums so paid by Lessor and all costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses, in each case to the extent permitted by law) so incurred, together with a late charge thereon (to the extent permitted by
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law) at the Overdue Rate from the date on which such sums or expenses are paid or incurred by Lessor, shall be paid by Lessee to Lessor on demand. The obligations of Lessee and rights of Lessor contained in this ARTICLE XVII shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease.
ARTICLE XVIII
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE RESERVE
18.1 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE RESERVE.
(a) Lessee shall establish and fund from Gross Revenues, in respect of each Fiscal Year during the Term of this Lease, a reserve account on the Leased Property's books of account (the "CAPITAL EXPENDITURE RESERVE") to cover the cost of Capital Expenditures (which cost shall be paid by the Lessor); provided, however, that no Capital Expenditures shall be made to purchase property (other than "real property" within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.856-3(d)), to the extent that doing so would cause the Lessor to recognize income other than "rents from real property" as defined in Section 856(d) of the Code. All Capital Improvements shall be owned by Lessor subject to the provisions of this Lease.
(b) For each Fiscal Year, the Capital Expenditure Reserve shall be an amount equal to four percent (4%) of the Gross Revenues, or in such other amount as determined by Lessor.
(c) All Capital Expenditures whether pursuant to the Capital Budget or otherwise for material structural components of the Facility involving expenditures of $1,000,000.00 or more, shall be subject to the approval of Lessor, which approval shall extend both to the plans and specifications (including matters of design and decor) and to the contracting and purchasing of all labor, services and materials. Lessor shall have the right to require competitive bidding of contracts for such Capital Improvements, review all bids and monitor costs, time, quality and performance. Except as set forth in SECTION 9.1(b) of this Lease, all Capital Expenditures shall be made by Lessor.
ARTICLE XIX
REIT REQUIREMENTS
19.1 REIT REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Lessee understands that, in order for AHT to qualify as a REIT, the following requirements (the "REIT REQUIREMENTS") must be satisfied:
(A) The average of the fair market values of Lessor's personal property that is leased to Lessee under a lease at the beginning and end of a calendar year cannot exceed 15% of the average of the aggregate fair market values of all of Lessor's property that is leased to Lessee under such lease at the beginning and end of such calendar year.
(B) Lessee cannot sublet the property that is leased to it by Lessor, or enter into any similar arrangement, on any basis such that the rental or other amounts paid by the sublessee thereunder would be based, in whole or in part, on either (i) the net income or profits derived by
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the business activities of the sublessee or (ii) any other formula such that any portion of the rent paid by Lessee to Lessor would fail to qualify as "rents from real property" within the meaning of Section 856(d) of the Code.
(C) Lessee cannot sublease the property leased to it by Lessor to, or enter into any similar arrangement with, any person in which AHT owns, directly or indirectly, a 10% or more interest, within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code.
(D) Lessee agrees to make an election to be, and to operate as a "TAXABLE REIT SUBSIDIARY" of AHT within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code.
(E) No person can own, directly or directly, capital stock of AHT that exceeds the "LIMIT" (as defined in AHT's Charter, as amended and restated).
(F) Lessee shall not (i) directly or indirectly operate or manage a "LODGING FACILITY" within the meaning of Section 856(d)(9)(D)(ii) of the Code or a "HEALTH CARE FACILITY" within the meaning of Section 856(e)(6)(D)(ii) or (ii) directly or indirectly provide to any other person (under a franchise, license, or otherwise) rights to any brand name under which any lodging facility or health care facility is operated; provided, however, that Lessee may provide such rights to Manager to operate or manage a lodging facility as long as such rights are held by Lessee as a franchisee, licensee, or in a similar capacity and such lodging facility is either owned by Lessee or is leased to Lessee by Lessor or one of its Affiliates.
(b) Lessee agrees, and agrees to use reasonable efforts to cause its Affiliates, to use its best efforts to permit the REIT Requirements to be satisfied. Lessee agrees, and agrees to use reasonable efforts to cause its Affiliates, to cooperate in good faith with AHT and Lessor to ensure that the REIT Requirements are satisfied, including but not limited to, providing AHT with information about the ownership of Lessee, and its Affiliates to the extent that such information is reasonably available. Lessee agrees, and agrees to use reasonable efforts to cause its Affiliates, upon request by AHT, and, where appropriate, at AHT's expense, to take reasonable action necessary to ensure compliance with the REIT Requirements. Immediately after becoming aware that the REIT Requirements are not, or will not be, satisfied, Lessee shall notify, or use reasonable efforts to cause its Affiliates to notify, AHT of such noncompliance.
19.2 LESSEE OFFICER AND EMPLOYEE LIMITATION. Anything contained in this Lease to the contrary notwithstanding, none of the officers or employees of the Lessee or any subsidiary of Lessee shall be officers or employees of Manager (or any Person who operates or manages the Leased Property). In addition, if a Person serves as both (a) a director of the Lessee or any subsidiary of Lessee and (b) a director and officer (or employee) of Manager (or any Person who operates or manages the Leased Property), that Person shall not receive any compensation for serving as a director of the Lessee or any subsidiary of Lessee. If a person serves as both (a) a director of Manager or any subsidiary of Manager (or any Person who operates or manages the Leased Property) and (b) a director and officer (or employee) of Lessee, that Person shall not receive any compensation for serving as a director of Manager.
19.3 MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT. Lessee agrees that, in order to comply with certain of the REIT Requirements, it will, at all times during the Term, cause the Leased Property to be
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operated and managed by a management company ("MANAGER") that is an Eligible Independent Contractor. Effective as of the Commencement Date, the Lessee shall enter into an initial management agreement in the form of EXHIBIT "C" attached hereto (the "MANAGEMENT Agreement") and Lessee shall provide Lessor with an executed copy thereof. The Management Agreement is a hotel master management agreement which covers the Leased Property and all of the other hotel properties currently (or to be in the future) leased by Lessee from Affiliates of Lessor. Lessee may not amend, modify or terminate the Management Agreement in any material respect or change the Manager without the prior written consent of Lessor, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. Lessee shall also provide Lessor with copies of any amendments or modifications to the Management Agreement which are entered into from time to time or any other management agreement. Lessor shall have the right to approve in advance any Manager.
ARTICLE XX
HOLDING OVER
20.1 HOLDING OVER. If Lessee for any reason remains in possession of
the Leased Property after the expiration or earlier termination of the Term,
such possession shall be as a tenant at sufferance during which time Lessee
shall pay as rental each month two times the aggregate of (a) one-twelfth of the
Base Rent and Percentage Rent payable with respect to the last Fiscal Year of
the Term, (b) all Additional Charges accruing during the applicable month and
(c) all other sums, if any, payable by Lessee under this Lease with respect to
the Leased Property. During such period, Lessee shall be obligated to perform
and observe all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease, but shall
have no rights hereunder other than the right, to the extent given by law to
tenancies at sufferance, to continue its occupancy and use of the Leased
Property. Nothing contained herein shall constitute the consent, express or
implied, of Lessor to the holding over of Lessee after the expiration or earlier
termination of this Lease.
ARTICLE XXI
RISK OF LOSS
21.1 RISK OF LOSS. During the Term, the risk of loss or of decrease in the enjoyment and beneficial use of the Leased Property in consequence of the damage or destruction thereof by fire, the elements, casualties, thefts, riots, wars or otherwise, or in consequence of foreclosures, attachments, levies or executions (other than those caused by Lessor and those claiming from, through or under Lessor) is assumed by Lessee except as specifically provided in this Lease, and, Lessor shall in no event be answerable or accountable therefor, nor shall any of the events mentioned in this Section entitle Lessee to any abatement of Rent except as specifically provided in this Lease.
ARTICLE XXII
INDEMNIFICATION
22.1 INDEMNIFICATION. Notwithstanding the existence of any insurance, and without regard to the policy limits of any such insurance or self-insurance, but subject to ARTICLES VIII, XIV AND XV, Lessee will protect, indemnify, hold harmless and defend Lessor from and against all liabilities, obligations, claims, damages, penalties, causes of action, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses), to the extent permitted
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by law, imposed upon or incurred by or asserted against Lessor Indemnified Parties by reason of: (a) any accident, injury to or death of persons or loss of or damage to property occurring on or about the Leased Property or adjoining sidewalks, including without limitation any claims under liquor liability, "dram shop" or similar laws, (b) any past, present or future use, misuse, non-use, condition, management, maintenance or repair by Lessee or any of its agents, employees or invitees of the Leased Property or Lessee's Personal Property or any litigation, proceeding or claim by governmental entities or other third parties to which a Lessor Indemnified Party is made a party or participant related to such use, misuse, non-use, condition, management, maintenance, or repair thereof by Lessee or any of its agents, employees or invitees, including any failure of Lessee or any of its agents, employees or invitees to perform any obligations under this Lease or imposed by applicable law (other than arising out of Condemnation proceedings), (c) any Impositions that are the obligations of Lessee pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Lease, (d) any failure on the part of Lessee to perform or comply with any of the terms of this Lease, and (e) the non-performance of any of the terms and provisions of any and all existing and future subleases of the Leased Property to be performed by the landlord thereunder.
Lessor shall indemnify, save harmless and defend Lessee Indemnified Parties from and against all liabilities, obligations, claims, damages, penalties, causes of action, costs and expenses imposed upon or incurred by or asserted against Lessee Indemnified Parties as a result of (a) the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Lessor arising in connection with this Lease or (b) any failure on the part of Lessor to perform or comply with any of its obligations under this Lease.
Any amounts that become payable by an Indemnifying Party under this
Section shall be paid within ten days after liability therefor on the part of
the Indemnifying Party is determined by litigation or otherwise, and if not
timely paid, shall bear a late charge (to the extent permitted by law) at the
Overdue Rate from the date of such determination to the date of payment. An
Indemnifying Party, at its expense, shall contest, resist and defend any such
claim, action or proceeding asserted or instituted against the Indemnified
Party. The Indemnified Party, at its expense, shall be entitled to participate
in any such claim, action, or proceeding, and the Indemnifying Party may not
compromise or otherwise dispose of the same without the consent of the
Indemnified Party, which may not be unreasonably withheld. Nothing herein shall
be construed as indemnifying a Lessor Indemnified Party against its own grossly
negligent acts or omissions or willful misconduct.
Lessee's or Lessor's liability for a breach of the provisions of this ARTICLE XXII shall survive any termination of this Lease.
ARTICLE XXIII
SUBLETTING AND ASSIGNMENT
23.1 SUBLETTING AND ASSIGNMENT. Subject to the provisions of ARTICLE XIX and SECTION 23.2 and any other express conditions or limitations set forth herein, Lessee may, but only with the prior written consent of Lessor which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, (a) assign this Lease or sublet all or any part of the Leased Property to an Affiliate of Lessee, or (b) sublet any retail or restaurant portion of the Improvements in the normal course of the Primary Intended Use; provided that any subletting to any party other than an Affiliate of Lessee
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shall not individually as to any one such subletting, or in the aggregate, materially diminish the actual or potential Percentage Rent payable under this Lease. In the case of a subletting, the sublessee shall comply with the provisions of SECTION 23.2, and in the case of an assignment, the assignee shall assume in writing and agree to keep and perform all of the terms of this Lease on the part of Lessee to be kept and performed and shall be, and become, jointly and severally liable with Lessee for the performance thereof. In case of either an assignment or subletting made during the Term, Lessee shall remain primarily liable, as principal rather than as surety, for the prompt payment of the Rent and for the performance and observance of all of the covenants and conditions to be performed by Lessee hereunder. An original counterpart of each such sublease and assignment and assumption, duly executed by Lessee and such sublessee or assignee, as the case may be, in form and substance satisfactory to Lessor, shall be delivered promptly to Lessor.
23.2 ATTORNMENT. Lessee shall insert in each sublease permitted under
SECTION 23.1 provisions to the effect that (a) such sublease is subject and
subordinate to all of the terms and provisions of this Lease and to the rights
of Lessor hereunder, (b) if this Lease terminates before the expiration of such
sublease, the sublessee thereunder will, at Lessor's option, attorn to Lessor
and waive any right the sublessee may have to terminate the sublease or to
surrender possession thereunder as a result of the termination of this Lease,
and (c) if the sublessee receives a written Notice from Lessor or Lessor's
assignees, if any, stating that an uncured Event of Default exists under this
Lease, the sublessee shall thereafter be obligated to pay all rentals accruing
under said sublease directly to the party giving such Notice, or as such party
may direct. All rentals received from the sublessee by Lessor or Lessor's
assignees, if any, as the case may be, shall be credited against the amounts
owing by Lessee under this Lease.
ARTICLE XXIV
REPORTING AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
24.1 OFFICER'S CERTIFICATES; FINANCIAL STATEMENTS; BUDGETS; LESSOR'S ESTOPPEL CERTIFICATES AND COVENANTS.
(a) At any time and from time to time upon not less than twenty (20) days Notice by Lessor, Lessee will furnish to Lessor an Officer's Certificate certifying that this Lease is unmodified and in full force and effect (or that this Lease is in full force and effect as modified and setting forth the modifications), the date to which the Rent has been paid, whether to the knowledge of Lessee there is any existing default or Event of Default exists thereunder by Lessor or Lessee, and such other information as may be reasonably requested by Lessor. Any such certificate furnished pursuant to this Section may be relied upon by Lessor, any lender and any prospective purchaser of the Leased Property.
(b) Throughout the Term, Lessee will furnish to Lessor such historical financial information of Lessee and the Facility as Lessor may reasonably request and shall provide Lessor access to Lessee's books and records with respect thereto.
(c) Within five (5) days of Lessee's receipt thereof, any inspection reports received from the franchisor under the Franchise Agreement.
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(d) At any time and from time to time upon not less than twenty (20) days notice by Lessee, Lessor will furnish to Lessee or to any person designated by Lessee an estoppel certificate certifying that this Lease is unmodified and in full force and effect (or that this Lease is in full force and effect as modified and setting forth the modifications), the date to which Rent has been paid, whether to the knowledge of Lessor there is any existing default or Event of Default on Lessee's part hereunder, and such other information as may be reasonably requested by Lessee.
24.2 OPERATING BUDGET. Not later than forty-five (45) days prior to the commencement of each Lease Year, Lessee, in consultation with the Manager, shall prepare and submit to Lessor an operating budget (the "OPERATING BUDGET") in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Lessor, prepared in accordance with the requirements of this SECTION 24.2. The Operating Budget shall be prepared in accordance with the Uniform System to the extent applicable and show by month and quarter and for the year as a whole in the degree of detail specified by the Uniform System for monthly statements, and in accordance with the detail level of monthly financial statements, the following:
(a) Lessee's reasonable estimate of Gross Revenues, Room Revenues, Food Sales and Beverage Sales (including room rates) for the Facility for the forthcoming Lease Year itemized on schedules on a monthly and quarterly basis as approved by Lessor and Lessee, together with the assumptions, in narrative form, forming the basis of such schedules;
(b) A cash flow projection; and
(c) Lessee's reasonable estimate for each quarter of the Lease Year of Percentage Rent.
24.3 CAPITAL BUDGET. Not later than forty-five (45) days prior to the commencement of each Lease Year, Lessee shall prepare and submit to Lessor a capital improvement budget (the "CAPITAL BUDGET") prepared in accordance with the Uniform System to the extent applicable, and shall set forth the proposed Capital Expenditures for the ensuing Lease Year.
ARTICLE XXV
LESSOR'S DEFAULT; CURE RIGHTS
25.1 LESSEE'S RIGHT TO CURE. Subject to the provisions of SECTION 25.2, if Lessor breaches any covenant to be performed by it under this Lease, Lessee, after Notice to and demand upon Lessor, without waiving or releasing any obligation hereunder, and in addition to all other remedies available to Lessee, may (but shall be under no obligation at any time thereafter to) make such payment or perform such act for the account and at the expense of Lessor. All sums so paid by Lessee and all costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees) so incurred, together with interest thereon at the Overdue Rate from the date on which such sums or expenses are paid or incurred by Lessee, shall be paid by Lessor to Lessee on demand or, following entry of a final, nonappealable judgment against Lessor for such sums, may be offset by Lessee against the Base Rent payments next accruing or coming due. The rights of Lessee hereunder to cure and to secure payment from Lessor in accordance
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with this SECTION 25.1 shall survive the termination of this Lease with respect to the Leased Property.
25.2 BREACH BY LESSOR. It shall be a breach of this Lease if Lessor fails to observe or perform any term, covenant or condition of this Lease on its part to be performed and such failure continues for a period of thirty (30) days after Notice thereof from Lessee, unless such failure cannot with due diligence be cured within a period of thirty (30) days, in which case such failure shall not be deemed to continue if Lessor, within such 30-day period, proceeds promptly and with due diligence to cure the failure and diligently completes the curing thereof. The time within which Lessor shall be obligated to cure any such failure also shall be subject to extension of time due to the occurrence of any Unavoidable Delay.
ARTICLE XXVI
NOTICES
26.1 NOTICES. All notices, demands, requests, consents approvals and
other communications ("NOTICE" or "NOTICES") hereunder shall be in writing and
personally served, mailed (by registered or certified mail, return receipt
requested and postage prepaid) or sent by facsimile, addressed to Lessor at
14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 900, Dallas, Texas 75254, Facsimile (972) 490-9605,
Attention: General Counsel, and addressed to Lessee at 14180 Dallas Parkway,
Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75254, Attention: Chief Financial Officer, Facsimile
(972) 490-9605, or to such other address or addresses as either party may
hereafter designate. Personally delivered Notice shall be effective upon
receipt, and Notice given by mail shall be complete at the time of deposit in
the U.S. Mail system, but any prescribed period of Notice and any right or duty
to do any act or make any response within any prescribed period or on a date
certain after the service of such Notice given by mail shall be extended five
days.
ARTICLE XXVII
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
27.1 TRANSFER OF LICENSES. Upon the expiration or earlier termination of the Term, Lessee shall use its best efforts (i) to transfer to Lessor or Lessor's nominee or designee all Franchise Agreements, licenses, operating permits and other governmental authorizations and all contracts, including contracts with governmental or quasi-governmental entities, that may be necessary for the operation of the Facility (collectively, "LICENSES"), or (ii) if such transfer is prohibited by law or Lessor otherwise elects, to cooperate with Lessor or Lessor's nominee in connection with the processing by Lessor or Lessor's nominee of any applications for, all Licenses; provided, in either case, that the costs and expenses of any such transfer or the processing of any such application shall be paid by Lessor or Lessor's nominee.
27.2 EARLY TERMINATION RIGHTS; TERMINATION FEES. Lessor may terminate the Lease as to any Leased Property prior to the Expiration Date by reason of a sale of the Facility, the Manager's failure to satisfy certain performance tests, or for convenience, as set forth in Section 2.03 of the Management Agreement (and pursuant to the notice requirements contained therein), provided Lessor pays to Lessee the termination fees as liquidated damages pursuant to the terms and conditions as set forth in Section 2.03 of the Management Agreement.
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Ashford TRS Corporation
The terms and conditions set forth in Section 2.03 of the Management Agreement are fully incorporated herein for all purposes as if fully set forth herein and shall survive termination of this Lease.
27.3 SUBSTITUTION OF INITIAL HOTEL. Notwithstanding the foregoing
SECTION 27.2, in the event of a termination of this Lease with respect to an
Initial Hotel (as such term is defined in the Management Agreement) and in
connection with such termination, a termination fee becomes payable by Lessor,
Lessor may (in its sole and absolute discretion) avoid payment of such
termination fee by substituting for the terminated Initial Hotel within 120 days
of such termination, another hotel facility reasonably comparable in size,
number of rooms, quality of franchise operation, market and geographical
location, and gross revenues, to be governed by the terms and conditions of this
Lease from and after the date of such substitution, and this Lease shall be
amended accordingly. In the event of a substitution, any Rent and other charges
payable under this Lease shall be suspended until the substitution is fully
consummated.
27.4 COMPLIANCE WITH FRANCHISE AGREEMENT. To the extent any of the provisions of the Franchise Agreement impose a greater obligation on Lessee than the corresponding provisions of this Lease, then Lessee shall be obligated to comply with the provisions of the Franchise Agreement except in regard to those obligations which are the responsibility of Lessor as provided herein. It is the intent of the parties hereto that Lessee shall comply in every respect with the provisions of the Franchise Agreement so as to avoid any default thereunder during the term of this Lease. Lessee shall not terminate, extend or enter into any modification of the Franchise Agreement without in each instance first obtaining Lessor's prior written consent. Lessor and Lessee agree to cooperate with each other in the event it becomes necessary to obtain a franchise extension or modification or a new franchise for the Leased Property, and in any transfer of the Franchise Agreement to Lessor (if applicable) or any designee of or any successor to Lessee (as applicable) upon the termination of this Lease. In the event of expiration or termination of a Franchise Agreement, for whatever reason, the Lessor will have the right, in its sole discretion, to approve any new Franchise Agreement for the Facility. If, upon any expiration or earlier termination of this Lease (other than upon an Event of Default by Lessee), a Franchise Agreement remains in effect, or would but for such expiration or termination remain in effect, Lessor shall indemnify, defend and hold Lessee harmless with respect to the obligations and liabilities arising thereunder after the date of expiration or termination of this Lease.
27.5 LESSOR'S RIGHT TO INSPECT. Lessee shall permit Lessor and its authorized representatives as frequently as reasonably requested by Lessor to inspect the Leased Property and Lessee's accounts and records pertaining thereto and make copies thereof, during usual business hours upon reasonable advance notice, subject only to any business confidentiality requirements reasonably requested by Lessee, provided that Lessor shall not cause any interference with the operation of the Leased Property.
27.6 CONVEYANCE BY LESSOR. If Lessor or any successor owner of the Leased Property conveys the Leased Property to a Person other than a wholly owned Affiliate of Lessor in accordance with the terms hereof other than as security for a debt, and the grantee or transferee of the Leased Property expressly assumes all obligations of Lessor hereunder arising or accruing from and after the date of such conveyance or transfer, Lessor or such successor owner, as the case may be, shall thereupon be released from all future liabilities and obligations of Lessor
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Ashford TRS Corporation
under this Lease arising or accruing from and after the date of such conveyance or other transfer as to the Leased Property and all such future liabilities and obligations shall thereupon be binding upon the new owner.
27.7 LESSOR MAY GRANT LIENS. Without the consent of Lessee, Lessor may, subject to the terms and conditions set forth below in this SECTION 27.7, from time to time, directly or indirectly, create or otherwise cause to exist any lien, encumbrance or title retention agreement ("ENCUMBRANCE") upon the Leased Property, or any portion thereof or interest therein, whether to secure any borrowing or other means of financing or refinancing. Upon the request of Lessor, Lessee shall subordinate this Lease to the lien of a new mortgage on the Leased Property.
27.8 NON DISTURBANCE AGREEMENT. Lessor agrees, subject to any restrictions or limitations imposed by any lender of Lessor, to execute in favor of Manager a non disturbance and attornment agreement in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Lessor and Manager.
27.9 WAIVER OF PRESENTMENT, ETC. Lessee waives all presentments, demands for payment and for performance, notices of nonperformance, protests, notices of protest, notices of dishonor, and notices of acceptance and waives all notices of the existence, creation, or incurring of new or additional obligations, except as expressly granted herein.
27.10 MEMORANDUM OF LEASE. Lessor and Lessee shall promptly upon the request of either enter into a short form memorandum of this Lease, in form suitable for recording under the laws of the State in which reference to this Lease, and all options contained herein, shall be made. Lessee shall pay all costs and expenses of recording such memorandum of this Lease.
27.11 USURY. If any late charges or any interest rate provided for in any provision of this Lease are based upon a rate in excess of the maximum rate permitted by applicable law, the parties agree that such charges shall be fixed at the maximum permissible rate.
27.12 NO WAIVER. No failure by Lessor or Lessee to insist upon the strict performance of any term hereof or to exercise any right, power or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof, and no acceptance of full or partial payment of Rent during the continuance of any such breach, shall constitute a waiver of any such breach or of any such term. To the extent permitted by law, no waiver of any breach shall affect or alter this Lease, which shall continue in full force and effect with respect to any other then existing or subsequent breach.
27.13 REMEDIES CUMULATIVE. To the extent permitted by law, each legal, equitable or contractual right, power and remedy of Lessor or Lessee now or hereafter provided either in this Lease or by statute or otherwise shall be cumulative and concurrent and shall be in addition to every other right, power and remedy and the exercise or beginning of the exercise by Lessor or Lessee of any one or more of such rights, powers and remedies shall not preclude the simultaneous or subsequent exercise by Lessor or Lessee of any or all of such other rights, powers and remedies.
27.14 ACCEPTANCE OF SURRENDER. No surrender to Lessor of this Lease or of the Leased Property or any part thereof, or of any interest therein, shall be valid or effective unless agreed to and accepted in writing by Lessor and no act by Lessor or any representative or agent of Lessor,
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Ashford TRS Corporation
other than such a written acceptance by Lessor, shall constitute an acceptance of any such surrender.
27.15 NO MERGER OF TITLE. There shall be no merger of this Lease or of the leasehold estate created hereby by reason of the fact that the same person or entity may acquire, own or hold, directly or indirectly: (a) this Lease or the leasehold estate created hereby or any interest in this Lease or such leasehold estate and (b) the fee estate in the Leased Property.
27.16 QUIET ENJOYMENT. So long as Lessee pays all Rent as the same becomes due and complies with all of the terms of this Lease and performs its obligations hereunder, in each case within the applicable grace periods, if any, Lessee shall peaceably and quietly have, hold and enjoy the Leased Property for the Term hereof, free of any claim or other action by Lessor or anyone claiming by, through or under Lessor, but subject to all liens and encumbrances subject to which the Leased Property was conveyed to Lessor or hereafter consented to by Lessee or provided for herein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Lessee shall have the right by separate and independent action to pursue any claim it may have against Lessor as a result of a breach by Lessor of the covenant of quiet enjoyment contained in this Section.
27.17 BINDING EFFECT. The covenants, terms, conditions, provisions and undertakings in this Lease shall extend to and be binding upon the heirs, personal representatives, executors, administrators and permitted successors and assigns of the respective parties hereto.
27.18 ENTIRE AGREEMENT; NO OFFER. This Lease contains the entire agreement of Lessor and Lessee with respect to the subject matter hereof, and no representations, warranties, inducements, promises or agreements, oral or otherwise, between the parties not embodied in this Lease shall be of any force or effect. This Lease may be modified only by a written agreement executed by both parties with the same formalities as this Lease. All prior agreements or communications are and shall be merged into this Lease and shall have no force or effect. Neither any submission of this Lease by one party to the other, nor any correspondence or other communications between the parties in connection therewith, is intended or shall be deemed to constitute an offer of any kind or to create any obligations between the parties unless and until one or more duplicates of this Lease has been fully executed and delivered between the parties. Accordingly, any such submission or communications or correspondence between the parties or their respective agents or attorneys is intended only as non-binding discussions, and either party shall have the absolute right to withdraw from such discussions without any liability whatsoever to the other party.
27.19 SEVERABILITY. If any clause or provision of this Lease is illegal, invalid or unenforceable under applicable present or future Laws effective during the Term, the remainder of this Lease shall not be affected. In lieu of each clause or provision of this Lease which is illegal, invalid or unenforceable, there shall be added as a part of this Lease a clause or provision as nearly identical as may be possible and as may be legal, valid and enforceable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event any clause or provision of this Lease is illegal, invalid or unenforceable as aforesaid and the effect of such illegality, invalidity or unenforceability is that Lessor no longer has the substantial benefit of its bargain under this Lease, then, in such event, Lessor may in its discretion cancel and terminate this Lease upon providing at least ninety (90) days advance notice thereof to Lessee.
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Ashford TRS Corporation
27.20 COUNTERPARTS. This Lease may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
27.21 GOVERNING LAW. THIS LEASE AND ITS INTERPRETATION, VALIDITY AND PERFORMANCE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF TEXAS. IN THE EVENT ANY COURT OF LAW OF APPROPRIATE JUDICIAL AUTHORITY SHALL HOLD OR DECLARE THAT THE LAW OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION IS APPLICABLE, THIS LEASE SHALL REMAIN ENFORCEABLE UNDER THE LAWS OF THE APPROPRIATE JURISDICTION. THE PARTIES HERETO AGREE THAT VENUE FOR ANY ACTION IN CONNECTION HEREWITH SHALL BE PROPER IN DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS. EACH PARTY HERETO CONSENTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY LOCAL, STATE OR FEDERAL COURT SITUATED IN ANY OF SUCH LOCATIONS AND WAIVES ANY OBJECTION WHICH IT MAY HAVE PERTAINING TO IMPROPER VENUE OR FORUM NON CONVENIENS TO THE CONDUCT OF ANY PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT.
27.22 RECITALS; HEADINGS. The recitals set forth in this Lease are true and correct, and are incorporated herein by this reference. The use of headings, captions and numbers in this Lease is solely for the convenience of identifying and indexing the various paragraphs and shall in no event be considered in construing or interpreting any provision in this Lease.
27.23 SURVIVAL. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Lease, the provisions (including, without limitation, covenants, agreements, representations, warranties, obligations and liabilities described therein) of this Lease which from their sense and context are intended to survive the expiration or sooner termination of this Lease shall survive such expiration or sooner termination of this Lease and continue to be binding upon the applicable party.
27.24 EXHIBITS. The exhibits referred to in, and attached to, this Lease are hereby incorporated in full by reference. Unless otherwise expressly provided in the exhibit or the body of this Lease, in the event of any conflict or inconsistency with the provisions contained in the body of this Lease and the exhibits, the provisions contained in the body of this Lease shall control.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Lease by their duly authorized officers as of the date first above written.
[SIGNATURE PAGES TO FOLLOW]
Lease Agreement
Ashford TRS Corporation
"LESSOR"
[OWNER PARTNERSHIP], a
Delaware limited partnership
By: Ashford Properties General Partner LLC,
a Delaware limited liability company,
its general partner
"LESSEE"
ASHFORD TRS CORPORATION, a Delaware
corporation
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Ashford TRS Corporation
EXHIBIT 10.22
MUTUAL EXCLUSIVITY AGREEMENT
THIS MUTUAL EXCLUSIVITY AGREEMENT (this "AGREEMENT") is entered as of the ____ day of __________, 2003 (the "EFFECTIVE DATE") by and between ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a Delaware limited partnership (the "Partnership"), ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC., a Maryland corporation (the "REIT"), REMINGTON HOTEL CORPORATION, a Texas corporation ("RHC"), and REMINGTON LODGING & HOSPITALITY, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("MANAGER"), and is consented and agreed to by ARCHIE BENNETT, JR. and MONTGOMERY J. BENNETT as Remington Affiliates.
THE PARTIES HERETO ENTER THIS AGREEMENT on the basis of the following facts, understandings and intentions:
A. Prior to the date hereof, the Remington Parties have been actively engaged in various aspects of acquisition, development, renovation, management and operation of Hotel Properties, including, without limitation, the hotel properties described on EXHIBIT A attached hereto (the "INITIAL HOTELS").
B. The Remington Parties plan to continue to engage in various aspects of development, renovation, management and operation of Hotel Properties.
C. The REIT has undertaken, or will concurrently with its initial public offering, undertake to acquire, develop, invest in, or purchase or make loans with respect to Hotel Properties that meet the REIT's investment criteria.
D. The REIT Parties desire to benefit from the hotel development and management experience of the Remington Parties and have agreed to engage Manager in connection with certain investment opportunities (subject to an Independent Director Election); provided, the Remington Parties agree to grant the REIT Parties a first right of refusal with respect to any Remington Transaction that any of the Remington Parties resource or identify.
NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants and promises of the parties hereto, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. DEFINITIONS. All terms used in this Agreement but not defined herein shall have the meanings as set forth on EXHIBIT B attached hereto and incorporated herein for all purposes (applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined).
2. TERM OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement shall commence as of the Effective Date and shall terminate ten (10) years thereafter (the "INITIAL TERM"), unless earlier terminated in whole or in part (with respect to the Remington Exclusivity Rights or the REIT Exclusivity Rights, or both, as applicable), due to (a) an Event of Default under this Agreement and the non-defaulting party elects to terminate this Agreement, (b) the occurrence of a Remington Termination Event, (c) the occurrence of a REIT Termination Event, or (d) termination of the Master Management Agreement with respect to all of the properties covered thereby pursuant to
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an Event of Default (as defined therein) applicable to all of the properties then covered by the Master Management Agreement as set forth in Section 19.02 thereof and the non-defaulting party thereunder elects in writing to terminate this Agreement (the events in subparagraphs (a) through (d) herein each called, a "TERMINATION EVENT"). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Initial Term shall automatically be extended at the expiration of the Initial Term (with respect to the Remington Exclusivity Rights or the REIT Exclusivity Rights, or both, as applicable), on the same terms and conditions contained herein, for each of three (3) successive periods of seven (7) Fiscal Years each and one final period of four (4) years; provided, however, that at the time of the expiration of the Initial Term or extension term, as applicable, a Termination Event with respect to the entirety of this Agreement does not then exist. The Initial Term as extended by any extension terms, if any, shall herein be called the "TERM." Upon the occurrence of a Termination Event (except where such Termination Event is due to an Event of Default by any of the Remington Parties under this Agreement), the Remington Parties shall be entitled to receive the Reimbursement Amount payable under this Agreement. Subject to SECTION 8(b) below, upon termination of the entirety of this Agreement, the Remington Parties and the REIT Parties shall have no further obligations to one another pursuant to this Agreement, except for any indemnification obligations contained herein, which shall survive such termination. Any termination of this Agreement in whole or in part shall not terminate any existing management and/or development agreements or any other agreements executed between the parties hereto that are then continuing and in full force and effect.
3. EARLY TERMINATION EVENTS.
(a) REMINGTON TERMINATION EVENT. Upon the occurrence of any of the following events, the Remington Parties acting through Manager may, at their election exercised in their sole and absolute discretion and upon written notice to the REIT Parties, terminate the REIT Exclusivity Rights:
(i) Montgomery J. Bennett (1) is removed without Cause, (2) is not re-appointed as chief executive officer of the REIT, (3) resigns as chief executive officer of the REIT for Good Reason or as a result of a Change in Control (within 12 months of the occurrence of such event), or (4) the Employment Agreement is not renewed; but with respect to all of the foregoing, excluding in connection with the death of Montgomery J. Bennett;
(ii) Archie Bennett, Jr. (1) is removed as a director of the REIT without Cause, (2) is not renominated to serve as Chairman of the board of directors of the REIT, or (3) resigns from the board of directors for Good Reason or as a result of a Change in Control (within 12 months of the occurrence of such event); but with respect to all of the foregoing, excluding in connection with the death of Archie Bennett, Jr.;
(iii) Upon expiration of the non-compete restrictions contained in the Employment Agreement of Montgomery J. Bennett, if the REIT Parties have not already terminated the Remington Exclusivity Rights with respect to the REIT Termination Events set forth in SECTION 3(b)(ii) OR (iii) below; and
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(iv) Subject to each party's obligation to act in good faith, if Montgomery J. Bennett is then no longer chief executive officer of the REIT and subject to the non-compete restrictions in his Employment Agreement, and three times in any Fiscal Year during the Term hereof, in any combination set forth below:
(a) the Independent Directors elect not to pursue a
Remington Transaction presented to the REIT
Affiliates by the Remington Affiliates pursuant to
SECTION 4(a);
(b) the Independent Directors elect not to engage Manager
with respect to the management or development
opportunities part of a Remington Transaction which
the REIT Parties have elected to pursue pursuant to
SECTION 4(a); and/or
(c) the REIT Parties fail to close on a Remington Transaction presented to the REIT Affiliates by the Remington Affiliates, and the failure to close is caused by a REIT Affiliate and not the third party selling the Remington Transaction (it being understood that a failure to close shall not be "caused" by a REIT Affiliate if a REIT Party elects not to close because of the third party's breach of an applicable agreement);
(v) If the REIT Parties terminate the Remington Exclusivity Rights
based upon a REIT Termination Event set forth in SECTIONS
3(b)(ii) THROUGH (v).
Upon the REIT Parties' receipt of written notice of termination of the REIT Exclusivity Rights from the Remington Parties, the REIT Exclusivity Rights set forth in this Agreement shall terminate; however, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect, including the Remington Exclusivity Rights, until this Agreement expires or is otherwise terminated as permitted under this Agreement.
(b) REIT TERMINATION EVENT. Upon the occurrence of any of the following events, the REIT Parties may, at their election exercised in their sole and absolute discretion and upon written notice to the Remington Parties, terminate the Remington Exclusivity Rights:
(i) The Manager fails to qualify as an "eligible independent contractor" as defined in Section 856(d)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code;
(ii) If Montgomery J. Bennett resigns as chief executive officer of the REIT without Good Reason;
(iii) If Montgomery J. Bennett's Employment Agreement is terminated for Cause;
(iv) Any one of the Remington Parties ceases to be controlled by Archie Bennett, Jr. and/or Montgomery J. Bennett and/or their respective family partnership or trusts, the sole members of which are at all times lineal descendants of Archie Bennett, Jr. or Montgomery J. Bennett (including step children) and spouses of any of the foregoing, with "control" meaning (a) the possession, directly or indirectly, of a
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majority of the capital stock and voting power of such Remington Parties, or (b) the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of the Remington Parties in the capacity of chief executive officer, president, chairman, or other similar capacity where they are actively engaged and/or involved in providing such direction or control and spend substantial time managing the Remington Parties;
(v) If there is a Change In Control, provided that the REIT first pays to the Manager the termination fees payable in connection with a termination for convenience as set forth in Section 2.03(c) of the Master Management Agreement for all of the properties then covered by such Master Management Agreement; and
(vi) If the Remington Parties terminate the REIT Exclusivity Rights by reason of a Remington Termination Event.
Upon the Remington Parties' receipt of written notice of termination of the Remington Exclusivity Rights from the REIT Parties, the Remington Exclusivity Rights set forth in this Agreement shall terminate; however, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect, including the REIT Exclusivity Rights, until this Agreement expires or is otherwise terminated as permitted under this Agreement.
4. REIT EXCLUSIVITY RIGHTS.
(a) REMINGTON TRANSACTION; REMINGTON NOTICE. If any of the Remington Affiliates identify an opportunity to develop and construct, acquire all or a portion of, invest in, make loans with respect to, or acquire all or a portion of the debt with respect to, a Hotel Property (herein each called, a "REMINGTON TRANSACTION"), the Remington Parties on behalf of themselves and their Affiliates, hereby grant to the REIT Parties the exclusive first right of refusal to purchase and assume such Remington Transaction and agree not to pursue any such opportunity (except as provided in this SECTION 4) and acknowledge that each such opportunity will belong to the REIT Parties (the "REIT EXCLUSIVITY RIGHTS"). In connection with each Remington Transaction, the Remington Parties on behalf of the Remington Affiliates shall deliver to the REIT Parties, with a copy to the Independent Directors, a written notice (the "REMINGTON NOTICE") in reasonable detail sufficient to describe the material terms of the Remington Transaction, including without limitation, as applicable, a description of the nature of the transaction (acquisition, development, or other investment), description and location of the asset, name of franchisor, inspection period, timing for closing, earnest money requirements, closing costs, a break down estimate of the Reimbursement Amount, and to the extent available and in the possession of the Remington Parties, copies of any letters of intent, purchase and sale agreements, or development agreements, as applicable (the "REIT TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS"). Such Remington Notice shall be delivered to the REIT Parties (with a copy to the Independent Directors), as soon as reasonably practical after the opportunity of the Remington Transaction is identified for any of the Remington Affiliates.
(b) REIT ROFR. The REIT Parties shall have the right, through any of the REIT Affiliates, to accept or decline such Remington Transaction (the "REIT ROFR") by giving
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written notice (the "REIT ROFR NOTICE") to the Remington Parties at any time on or before ten (10) business days from its receipt of a Remington Notice (the "REIT ROFR PERIOD").
(c) ACCEPTANCE OF REMINGTON TRANSACTION. Any acceptance of the Remington Transaction by the REIT Parties shall be in accordance with the following terms and conditions:
(i) Upon delivery of a REIT ROFR Notice accepting the Remington Transaction, the REIT Parties (through any of the REIT Affiliates) shall assume (and the applicable Remington Affiliate shall assign) any applicable REIT Transaction Documents containing materially the same terms and conditions as set forth in the Remington Notice within ten (10) business days of the receipt by the Remington Parties of the REIT ROFR Notice;
(ii) The REIT Parties (through any of the REIT Affiliates) shall pay the Reimbursement Amount to the applicable Remington Affiliate;
(iii) The REIT Parties (through any of the REIT Affiliates) shall pursue the Remington Transaction in accordance with the applicable REIT Transaction Documents with commercially reasonable diligence; and
(iv) If the Remington Transaction involves the management and
operation of a hotel property and/or the construction and/or
development of a Hotel Property, the applicable REIT Affiliate
assuming the Remington Transaction shall engage Manager, and
Manager agrees to accept such engagement, to perform such
services and execute the applicable documents as described in
SECTION 5(c) below, provided Independent Director Disapproval
has not been received.
(d) REJECTION OR LAPSE OF REIT ROFR; FAILURE TO CLOSE. If the REIT Parties fail to deliver a REIT ROFR Notice within the REIT ROFR Period or by REIT ROFR Notice reject or decline to purchase and assume the Remington Transaction, or the applicable REIT Affiliate fails to timely prepare and execute the proper REIT Transaction Documents with respect to the Remington Transaction, then the REIT ROFR shall lapse. In such event, the applicable Remington Affiliate shall be entitled to proceed with the Remington Transaction described in the Remington Notice on materially the same terms and conditions as outlined therein within the time period established therein and in accordance with the underlying REIT Transaction Documents, subject to reasonable extensions of the closing date. If the terms and conditions of the Remington Transaction materially change, then the Remington Parties hereby grant (on behalf of themselves and the applicable Remington Affiliate) to the REIT Parties the exclusive first right of refusal to purchase and assume the rights and obligations of the applicable Remington Affiliate with respect to such Remington Transaction on the changed terms and conditions and in connection therewith shall deliver to the REIT Parties a new Remington Notice (subject to the same time requirements for review and exercise as set forth in this Agreement).
(e) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. During the REIT ROFR Period with respect to each Remington Transaction and the related Hotel Property, the Remington Parties shall deliver to the REIT Parties upon the written request of the REIT Parties, from time to time and to the extent available, (i) any and all documents, correspondence and reports, including, without limitation,
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Ashford REIT
due diligence information (including, property condition reports, surveys,
environmental reports), information and documents bearing on contracts,
litigation and such other matters, and title and lien information; (ii) any
notices of non-compliance with applicable laws bearing on such Hotel Property;
(iii) quarterly financial information with respect to such Hotel Property
showing hotel revenues and hotel operating expenses; and (iv) such other
information relating to the Hotel Property or the Remington Transaction as
reasonably requested by the REIT Parties.
(f) NO ADDITIONAL FEES. Reimbursement to the Remington Parties of the Reimbursement Amount shall be the sole payment to the applicable Remington Affiliate with regard to a Remington Transaction. The Remington Parties shall not receive any finder's fee, brokerage fee, development fee, or other commissions or compensation with regard to any Remington Transaction.
5. REMINGTON EXCLUSIVITY RIGHTS.
(a) REIT TRANSACTION; REIT NOTICE. If any of the REIT Parties and their subsidiaries (i) acquires Property for the purposes of development or construction of a Hotel Property, or (ii) acquires all or a portion of, invests in, or acquires all or a portion of the debt with respect to a Hotel Property, or makes a loan with respect to a Hotel Property, and such REIT subsidiaries have the right and/or control the right to direct the management of and/or development and construction of and/or capital improvements to or refurbishment of, or the provision of other services, such as purchasing, interior design, freight management, and construction management for such Hotel Property (herein each called, a "REIT TRANSACTION"), the REIT Parties hereby agree (on behalf of themselves and the applicable REIT subsidiary) to engage Manager or an Affiliate of Manager (so long as such Affiliate constitutes an Eligible Independent Contractor and there has not been an Independent Director Election), to provide, and Manager agrees to then provide or cause such Affiliate to provide, any development, construction, improvement, refurbishment, capital improvement budget, and/or management services in connection with such REIT Transaction (the "REMINGTON EXCLUSIVITY RIGHTS") and in connection therewith shall deliver to the Remington Parties, a written notice (the "REIT NOTICE") which describes such REIT Transaction and the services to be provided by Manager, including, the description and location of the asset, name of the franchisor, and the development, construction or improvement timeline. The REIT Parties may engage a third party and not Manager or an Affiliate of Manager to provide the services in connection with the REIT Transaction if the REIT Transaction has received Independent Director Disapproval.
(b) REMINGTON TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS.
(i) MASTER MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT. In the event that a REIT Transaction (for which Manager has been engaged) relates to the management and operation of a Hotel Property, the terms and conditions of the management, operation and any construction, renovations, improvements, refurbishments, or other services, such as purchasing, interior design, freight management, and construction management, to be undertaken with respect to such Hotel Property during the term of such management and operation, including the amount of any management, incentive, project or other service fees shall be either pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Master Management Agreement (and the Master
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
Management Agreement shall be amended accordingly to include such Hotel Property), or pursuant to a management agreement with a subsidiary of Manager substantially in form of the Master Management Agreement.
(ii) DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT. In the event that a REIT Transaction relates to the development and construction of a Hotel Property, then the terms and conditions of any such development and construction, including the project oversight and developer management fees, shall be pursuant to the terms set forth in that certain form of Development Agreement attached hereto as EXHIBIT C.
6. EXCEPTED TRANSACTIONS. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the REIT Parties' rights under SECTION 4 do not extend to the Excluded Remington Transactions and the Remington Parties' rights under SECTION 4(c) or SECTION 5 do not extend to the Excluded REIT Transactions. Each party hereto agrees to give written notice to the other party of any Excluded REIT Transaction or Excluded Remington Transaction, as applicable, describing said transaction with reasonable detail.
7. INDEMNITY.
(a) REMINGTON PARTIES' INDEMNITY. Except as set forth in SECTION 7(b) below, the Remington Parties shall indemnify and hold the REIT Affiliates (and their respective agents, principals, shareholders, partners, members, officers, directors, attorneys and employees) harmless from and against all liabilities, losses, claims, damages, costs and expenses (including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) that may be incurred by or asserted against any such party and that arise from (i) the fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence of any of the Remington Affiliates, (ii) the breach by the Remington Affiliates of any provision of this Agreement, or (iii) the breach by the Remington Affiliates of any Remington Transaction Documents first occurring prior to the date of the assumption of same by any of the REIT Affiliates. The REIT Parties shall promptly provide the Remington Parties with written notice of any claim or suit brought against any of them by a third party which might result in such indemnification.
(b) REIT PARTIES' INDEMNITY. Except as set forth in SECTION 7(a) herein
above, the REIT Parties shall indemnify and hold the Remington Affiliates (and
their respective agents, principals, shareholders, partners, members, officers,
directors, attorneys and employees) harmless from and against all liabilities,
losses, claims, damages, costs and expenses (including, but not limited to,
reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) that may be incurred by or asserted
against any such party and that arise from (i) the fraud, willful misconduct or
gross negligence of the REIT Affiliates (other than any Remington Affiliate), or
(ii) the breach by the REIT Affiliates of any provision of this Agreement (other
than any Remington Affiliate). The Remington Parties shall promptly provide the
REIT Parties with written notice of any claim or suit brought against any of
them by a third party which might result in such indemnification.
(c) INDEMNIFICATION PROCEDURE. Any party obligated to indemnify the other party under this Agreement (the "INDEMNIFYING PARTY") shall have the right, by written notice to the indemnified party, to assume the defense of any claim with respect to which the indemnified party is entitled to indemnification hereunder. If the Indemnifying Party gives such notice, (i)
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
such defense shall be conducted by counsel selected by the Indemnifying Party and approved by the indemnified party, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed (provided, however, that the indemnified party's approval shall not be required with respect to counsel designated by the Indemnifying Party's insurer); (ii) so long as the Indemnifying Party is conducting such defense with reasonable diligence, the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to control said defense and shall not be required to pay the fees or disbursements of any counsel engaged by the indemnified party for services rendered after the Indemnifying Party has given the written notice provided for above to the indemnified party, except if there is a conflict of interest between the parties with respect to such claim or defense; and (iii) the Indemnifying Party shall have the right, without the consent of the indemnified party, to settle such claim, provided that such settlement involves only the payment of money, the Indemnifying Party pays all amounts due in connection with or by reason of such settlement and, as part thereof, the indemnified party is unconditionally released from all liability in respect of such claim. The indemnified party shall have the right to participate in the defense of such claim being defended by the Indemnifying Party at the expense of the indemnified party, but the Indemnifying Party shall have the right to control such defense (other than in the event of a conflict of interest between the parties with respect to such claim or defense). In no event shall (i) the indemnified party settle any claim without the consent of the Indemnifying Party so long as the Indemnifying Party is conducting the defense thereof in accordance with this Agreement; or (ii) if a claim is covered by the Indemnifying Party's liability insurance, take or omit to take any action which would cause the insurer not to defend such claim or to disclaim liability in respect thereof.
8. EVENTS OF DEFAULT; CONSEQUENCES; REMEDIES.
(a) EVENTS OF DEFAULT. The following shall constitute events of default (each an "EVENT OF DEFAULT"):
(i) The filing of a voluntary petition in bankruptcy or insolvency or a petition for reorganization under any bankruptcy law by any of the Remington Parties or the REIT Parties;
(ii) The consent to any involuntary petition in bankruptcy or the failure to vacate, within ninety (90) days from the date of entry thereof, any order approving an involuntary petition by any of the Remington Parties or the REIT Parties;
(iii) The entering of an order, judgment or decree by any court of competent jurisdiction, on the application of a creditor, adjudicating any of the Remington Parties or the REIT Parties as bankrupt or insolvent, or approving a petition seeking reorganization or appointing a receiver, trustee, or liquidator of all or a substantial part of such party's assets, and such order, judgment or decree continues unstayed and in effect for any period of ninety (90) days or more;
(iv) The appointment of a receiver for all or any substantial portion of the property of any of the Remington Parties or the REIT Parties;
(v) The failure of any of the REIT Parties to make any payment required to be made in accordance with the terms of this Agreement within thirty (30) days after
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
receipt of written notice from the Remington Parties specifying said default with reasonable specificity as to when such payment is due and payable; or
(vi) The failure of any of the Remington Parties or the REIT Parties to perform, keep or fulfill any of the other covenants, undertakings, obligations or conditions set forth in this Agreement, and the continuance of such default for a period of thirty (30) days after written notice of said failure; provided, however, if such default cannot be cured within such thirty (30) day period and the Remington Parties or the REIT Parties, as the case may be, commences to cure such default within such thirty (30) day period and thereafter diligently and expeditiously proceeds to cure the same, such thirty (30) day period shall be extended so long as it shall require the Remington Parties or the REIT Parties, as the case may be, in the exercise of due diligence to cure such default, it being agreed that no such extension shall be for a period in excess of one hundred twenty (120) days.
(b) CONSEQUENCE OF DEFAULT. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default, the non-defaulting party may, at its election, give the defaulting party written notice of intention to terminate this Agreement (after the expiration of any applicable grace or cure period provided in SECTION 8(a) above), and upon the expiration of thirty (30) days from the date of such notice, this Agreement shall terminate and the non-defaulting party shall be entitled to pursue any and all rights and remedies available, at law or in equity, to the non-defaulting party under this Agreement (including any indemnity obligations which shall survive this Agreement) or under applicable law.
9. MISCELLANEOUS.
(a) NOTICES. All notices and other communications required or permitted
hereunder shall be in writing, shall be deemed duly given upon actual receipt
and shall be delivered (i) in person, (ii) by registered or certified mail (air
mail if addressed to an address outside of the country in which mailed), postage
prepaid, return receipt requested, or (iii) by facsimile or other generally
accepted means of electronic transmission (provided that a copy of any notice
delivered pursuant to this clause (iii) shall also be sent pursuant to clause
(ii), addressed as follows (or to such other addresses as may be specified by
like notice to the other parties):
To the Remington Parties: Remington Hotel Corporation Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P. 14180 Dallas Parkway 9th Floor Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Mr. Montgomery J. Bennett To the REIT Parties: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership 14180 Dallas Parkway 7th Floor Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Chief Financial Officer Mutual Exclusivity Agreement Ashford REIT -9- |
with a copy to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership 14180 Dallas Parkway 7th Floor Dallas, Texas 75254 Attn: Legal Department with a copy to: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. 14180 Dallas Parkway 9th Floor Dallas, Texas 75254 |
Attn: Independent Directors
(b) AMENDMENTS. No amendment, modification or supplement to this Agreement shall be binding on any of the parties hereto unless it is in writing and signed by the parties in interest at the time of the modification, and further provided any such modification is approved by a majority of the Independent Directors.
(c) SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. Neither this Agreement nor any rights or obligations hereunder shall be assignable by a party to this Agreement without the prior, express written consent of the other party. This Agreement and all of the provisions hereof shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties to this Agreement and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
(d) NO THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARIES. This Agreement is solely for the benefit of the parties to this Agreement and should not be deemed to confer upon third parties any remedy, claim, liability, reimbursement, claims or action or other right in excess of those existing without reference to this Agreement.
(e) TITLES AND HEADINGS. Titles and headings to paragraphs and sections in this Agreement are inserted for the convenience of reference only and are not intended to be a part of or to affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.
(f) MAXIMUM LEGAL ENFORCEABILITY; TIME OF ESSENCE. Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof. Any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. Without prejudice to any rights or remedies otherwise available to any party to this Agreement, each party hereto acknowledges that damages would not be an adequate remedy for any breach of the provisions of this Agreement and agrees that the obligations of the parties hereunder shall be specifically enforceable. Time shall be of the essence as to each and every provision of this Agreement.
(g) FURTHER ASSURANCES. The parties to this Agreement will execute and deliver or cause the execution and delivery of such further instruments and documents and will take such
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
other actions as any other party to the Agreement may reasonably request in order to effectuate the purpose of this Agreement and to carry out the terms hereof.
(h) COMPLETE AGREEMENT; CONSTRUCTION. This Agreement, and the other agreements and documents referred to herein, shall constitute the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter thereof and shall supersede all previous negotiations, commitments and writings with respect to such subject matter.
(i) GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND ITS INTERPRETATION, VALIDITY AND PERFORMANCE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND, WITHOUT REGARD TO ITS CONFLICTS OF INTEREST PRINCIPLES. IN THE EVENT ANY COURT OF LAW OF APPROPRIATE JUDICIAL AUTHORITY SHALL HOLD OR DECLARE THAT THE LAW OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION IS APPLICABLE, THIS AGREEMENT SHALL REMAIN ENFORCEABLE UNDER THE LAWS OF THE APPROPRIATE JURISDICTION.
[SIGNATURE PAGES TO FOLLOW]
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the day and year first written above.
PARTNERSHIP:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP,
a Delaware limited partnership
By: Ashford GP Limited Liability Company,
a Delaware limited liability company,
its general partner
By: Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.,
a Maryland corporation, its sole
member
REIT:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC., a
Maryland corporation
RHC:
REMINGTON HOTEL CORPORATION, a Texas
corporation
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
MANAGER:
REMINGTON LODGING & HOSPITALITY, L.P.,
a Delaware limited partnership
By: Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC,
a Delaware limited liability company,
its general partner
By:
----------------------------------,
a Delaware corporation, its Manager
CONSENTED AND AGREED
TO THIS _______ DAY OF
_______________, 2003, AS
REMINGTON AFFILIATES:
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
EXHIBIT B
DEFINITIONS
"AFFILIATE" means with respect to a person, any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such person. The term "person" means and includes any natural person, corporation, partnership, association, limited liability company or any other legal entity.
"CAUSE" shall have the meaning as set forth in the Employment Agreement or the Non-Competition Agreement, as applicable.
"CHANGE OF CONTROL" shall have the meaning as defined in the Employment Agreement or the Non-Competition Agreement, as applicable.
"EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT" shall mean the employment agreement of Montgomery J. Bennett dated on or about the date of this Agreement and executed with the REIT as employer.
"EVENT OF DEFAULT" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 8.
"EXCLUDED REIT TRANSACTIONS" shall mean a REIT Transaction with respect to which there has been an Independent Director Election.
"EXCLUDED REMINGTON TRANSACTIONS" shall mean the following excluded transactions of the Remington Affiliates:
(a) Existing hotel investments made by one or more of the Remington Affiliates with any of their Existing Investors;
(b) Existing bona fide arm's length third party management arrangements (or arrangements for other services such as project management) with parties other than the REIT Affiliates pursuant to which one or more of the Remington Affiliates provide customary hotel management and hotel construction management, project management and other services; and
(c) Like-kind exchanges under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, made by any of the Existing Investors pursuant to contractual obligations existing as of the date of this Agreement provided that Manager provides ten (10) days prior notice to the REIT of said transaction.
"EXISTING INVESTORS" shall mean the existing joint venture partners, investors or property owners of the Remington Affiliates as listed on EXHIBIT D attached hereto.
"FISCAL YEAR" shall mean the twelve (12) month calendar year ending December 31, except that the first Fiscal Year and last Fiscal Year of the term of this Agreement may not be full calendar years.
Exhibit B to
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
"GOOD REASON" shall have the meaning as set forth in the Employment Agreement or the Non-Competition Agreement, as applicable.
"HOTEL PROPERTY" means any Property that is used in whole or in part for hotel purposes, including, without limitation, any motels, motor inns, or hotels and the like (full service, limited service, extended stay or otherwise), whether in fee or leasehold, together with any improvements and fixtures now or hereafter located thereon, all rights, privileges and easements appurtenant thereto, and all tangible and intangible personal property used in connection therewith.
"INDEMNIFYING PARTY" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 7(c).
"INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS" shall mean those directors of the REIT who are "independent" within the meaning of the rules of the New York Stock Exchange or such other national securities exchange or interdealer quotation system on which the REIT's common stock is then principally traded.
"INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR ELECTION" shall mean either of the following:
1) The Independent Directors upon a unanimous vote, have at any time elected not to engage Manager; or
2) A majority of the Independent Directors have elected not to engage Manager based upon a determination in their reasonable business judgment that either:
A) Special circumstances exist such that it would be in the best interest of the REIT not to engage Manager with respect to a particular Hotel Property; or
B) Based on the prior performance of Manager, another manager or developer could perform the management, development or other duties in question materially better than Manager for a particular Hotel Property.
"INITIAL TERM" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 2.
"MANAGER" means Remington Lodging and Hospitality, Inc., a Texas corporation.
"MASTER MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT" means that certain Hotel Master Management Agreement of even date herewith executed between Manager as the manager and Tenant, as the owner in interest of the Hotel Properties subject of such agreement, a copy of which is attached hereto as EXHIBIT E.
"NON-COMPETITION AGREEMENT" shall mean that certain Non-Competition Agreement dated on or about the date of this Agreement, executed between Archie Bennett, Jr. and the REIT.
"PARTNERSHIP" means Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership.
Exhibit B to
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
"PROPERTY" means any real property or any interest therein.
"REIMBURSEMENT AMOUNT" shall mean the total of all actual out of pocket and third party costs and expenses paid by and to be reimbursed to the Remington Affiliates that were necessary and/or appropriate in connection with the Remington Transaction, including all earnest money deposits. The Reimbursement Amount shall be calculated by the Remington Parties and set forth in a certificate delivered to the REIT Parties and certified as true and correct by the Remington Parties. The Reimbursement Amount shall not include any finder's fee, brokerage fee, development fee, or other compensation paid to the Remington Affiliates.
"REIT" means Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation.
"REIT AFFILIATES" shall mean the REIT Parties and their Affiliates.
"REIT EXCLUSIVITY RIGHTS" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 4(a).
"REIT NOTICE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 4(a).
"REIT ROFR" shall have the meaning as described in SECTION 5(a).
"REIT ROFR NOTICE" shall have the meaning as described in SECTION 5(a).
"REIT ROFR PERIOD" shall have the meaning as described in SECTION 5(a).
"REIT PARTIES" shall mean the REIT and the Partnership.
"REIT TERMINATION EVENT" shall mean the events described in SECTION 3(b).
"REIT TRANSACTION" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 5(a).
"REIT TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 4(a).
"REMINGTON NOTICE" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 5(a).
"REMINGTON AFFILIATES" shall mean the Remington Parties and their Affiliates.
"REMINGTON EXCLUSIVITY RIGHTS" shall have the meaning as set forth in
SECTION 5(a).
"REMINGTON PARTIES" shall mean RHC and Manager.
"REMINGTON TERMINATION EVENT" shall mean the events described in
SECTION 3(a).
"REMINGTON TRANSACTION" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 4(a).
"REMINGTON TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS" shall have the meaning as set forth
in SECTION 5(b).
"TENANT" shall mean Ashford TRS Corporation, a Delaware corporation.
Exhibit B to
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
"TERM" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 2.
"TERMINATION EVENT" shall have the meaning as set forth in SECTION 2.
Exhibit B to
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
Ashford REIT
EXHIBIT 10.25
TAX INDEMNITY AND DEBT MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT
This TAX INDEMNITY AND DEBT MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT (this "Agreement"), dated as of_______, 2003, is entered into by and among Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the "REIT"), Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership") and Remington Suites Austin, L.P., Remington Suites Dallas, L.P., Remington Suites Dulles, L.P., Remington Suites Las Vegas, L.P.and Chicago Illinois Hotel Limited Partnership.
RECITALS
A. In connection with the execution and delivery of the Omnibus Agreement, as defined below, the Contributors have agreed to contribute the Initial Properties to the Operating Partnership in exchange for Units in the Operating Partnership.
B. The REIT and the Operating Partnership desire to evidence their agreement regarding amounts that may be payable as a result of certain actions being taken by the Operating Partnership regarding its debt and assets.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1 Definitions.
"Applicable Tax Rate" means, as to any given Taxable Event, the Tax Rate applicable to income having the same character as that arising from such Taxable Event, for example, by way of illustration and not limitation, (i) the Tax Rate applicable to ordinary income, if the Taxable Event gave rise to ordinary income, or (ii) the Tax Rate applicable to long term capital gain, if the Taxable Event gave rise to long term capital gain.
"Agreement" has the meaning specified in the Preamble.
"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any replacement to such provisions.
"Contributor" means one of the limited partnerships identified on Exhibit A hereto and each successor or assign whose acquisition of Units was pursuant to a Permitted Disposition.
"Current Tax Excess" means with respect to each Taxable Period and each Taxable Event, an amount equal to the product of (i) the taxable income or gain allocable to or otherwise reportable by a Contributor during such Taxable Period resulting from the
occurrence of the Taxable Event and (ii) the Applicable Tax Rate. For purposes of the foregoing calculation, the taxable income or gain on a taxable sale or taxable disposition of assets of the Operating Partnership will be limited to the amount of any gain or income allocated to a Contributor pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Code (as reduced by any applicable adjustment to the tax basis of the assets of the Operating Partnership with respect to such Contributor pursuant to Section 754 of the Code).
"Damages" means with respect to each calendar year and each Contributor an amount equal to the sum for each Current Tax Excess during such calendar year of the Current Tax Excess divided by the difference of: one minus the related Applicable Tax Rate.
"Disposition" means any sale, assignment, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation, mortgage, exchange, or any swap agreement or other arrangement that transfers all or a portion of the economic consequences associated with the Units of the Contributor, provided that the following shall not constitute Dispositions: (i) a pledge of all or a portion of the Units of the Contributor to secure bona fide indebtedness that does not exceed sixty percent (60%) of the value of the pledged Units of the Contributor at the time such indebtedness is incurred so long as no foreclosure has occurred; (ii) any pledge of Units to the Operating Partnership; and (iii) a Permitted Disposition.
"Federal Rate" means, with respect to a Taxable Event, the highest marginal federal income tax rate applicable to income having the same character (e.g., ordinary income or long term capital gain) as that arising from such Taxable Event applicable to the Contributor in effect for the Taxable Period in issue, taking into account the deductibility of state income taxes payable at the related State Tax Rate by the affected Contributor, without regard to any limitations on such deduction applicable solely to such Contributor or its owners.
"Initial Properties" means all properties, whether real or personal, whether tangible or intangible, contributed by Contributors to the Operating Partnership pursuant to the Omnibus Option Agreement.
"Omnibus Agreement" means the Omnibus Option Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, Remington Suites Austin, L.P., Remington Suites Dallas, L.P., Remington Suites Dulles, L.P., Remington Suites Las Vegas, L.P., Chicago Illinois Hotel Limited Partnership and Remington Long Island Hotel, L.P., dated as of May 15, 2003.
"Original Contributor" means one of the partnership Contributors identified on Exhibit A.
"Permitted Disposition" means a disposition to (i) a member of the
immediate family or an affiliate of the applicable Contributor, (ii) a
charitable organization a contribution to which would be deductible pursuant to
Section 170 of the Code, (iii) any partnership, limited liability company or
trust, the partners, members or beneficiaries, as applicable, of which are
exclusively one or more of the Contributor or members of the
immediate family or affiliates of the Contributor and/or a charitable organization a contribution to which would be deductible pursuant to Section 170 of the Code, or (iv) a beneficiary, partner, member or shareholder by the trust, partnership, limited liability company or corporation in which such person owns an interest, provided that any such disposition shall not involve a disposition for value (other than the issuance or redemption of an interest in the transferor or a reduction in the transferor's share of liabilities of the Operating Partnership).
"Permitted Transferee" means any Person who acquires Units pursuant to a Permitted Disposition.
"Person" means and includes an individual, a general partnership, limited partnership, a joint venture, a corporation (including a business trust), limited liability company, joint stock company, trust, joint venture or other entity, unincorporated association or a governmental authority.
"Protected Period" means, as to each Original Contributor and its Permitted Transferees the period commencing on the closing date (or the first closing date, if there is more than one closing date) of the contributions of the Initial Properties pursuant to the Omnibus Agreement and ending on the earlier of (i) the tenth anniversary of the closing date (or final closing, if there is more than one closing date) of the contributions pursuant to the Omnibus Agreement or (ii) as to such Original Contributor and its Permitted Transferees, the first date that the Unit Sales Restriction is not satisfied.
"State Tax Rate" means with respect to each Taxable Event the highest marginal state tax rate applicable to income having the same character (e.g., ordinary income or long-term capital gain) as that arising from such Taxable Event applicable to the Contributor in effect for the Taxable Period in issue; and shall be determined with respect to the state in which such income is taxable to the Contributor or its owners having the highest marginal state tax rate, whether such state is the one in which the applicable property is located or the state of residence of the Contributor or its owners subject to the provisions of Section 2.1(g)(iii). Appropriate adjustments shall be made if more than one non-federal income tax applies within a state.
"Taxable Period" means with respect to a Taxable Event the calendar year in which such Taxable Event occurs but if during such calendar year the State Tax Rate or Federal Tax Rate changes, each portion of the calendar year having a different Applicable Tax Rate shall be considered a separate Taxable Period.
"Tax Rate" means with respect to a Taxable Event the sum of (i) the State Tax Rate plus (ii) the Federal Rate.
"Taxable Event" means, with respect to each Contributor, an event described in Section 2.1(a) giving rise to the requirement of the REIT or the Operating Partnership to pay Damages, subject to the provisions of Section 2.1(g).
"Units" has the meaning ascribed to it in the Omnibus Agreement.
"Units Sale Restriction" means as to any Original Contributor or any of its Permitted Transferees, that the Original Contributor and each of its Permitted Transferees shall have satisfied this requirement with respect to a period if at the end of such period, aggregate Dispositions by the Original Contributor and its Permitted Transferees of Units received pursuant to the Omnibus Agreement have not caused the aggregate Units then owned by the Original Contributor and its Permitted Transferees to be less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the aggregate Units issued to the Original Contributor pursuant to the Omnibus Agreement.
Section 1.2 Additional Definitions. Capitalized terms used in this Agreement and not defined in Section 1.1 or elsewhere in this Agreement shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in the Omnibus Agreement.
Section 1.3 Section References. The Article and Section headings herein are for reference only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
Section 1.4 Interpretation. No provisions of this Agreement shall be interpreted or construed against any person solely because that Person or its legal representative drafted such provision.
ARTICLE II
DAMAGES
Section 2.1 Damages.
(a) The REIT and the Operating Partnership, jointly and severally, agree to pay to a Contributor, in accordance with Section 2.1(b) below, an amount equal to the Damages incurred by a Contributor as a result of the occurrence of the following events:
(i) If, during the Protected Period, there occurs a taxable sale or other taxable disposition of assets of the Operating Partnership or its subsidiaries resulting in the allocation of income or gain to such Contributor under Section 704(c) of the Code; and
(ii) If, during the Protected Period, the Operating Partnership fails to maintain indebtedness, constituting non-recourse indebtedness for purposes of Treas. Reg. Section 1.752-3, in an amount of at least $16.0 million and such Contributor is allocated or otherwise required to recognize taxable income or gain as a result of such failure.
(b) Within 90 days after the occurrence of any event specified in
Section 2.1(a), the REIT or the Operating Partnership will (i) pay all Damages
then due to the Contributor and (ii) provide sufficient documentation to support
the calculation of the amounts paid.
(c) The making of a payment by the REIT or the Operating Partnership under this Section 2.1 shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of the Contributor with respect to any tax liability incurred in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
(d) Contributor shall have the right to review or audit (i) records of asset sales and disposition by the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries, and (ii) the calculation of Damages pursuant to this Agreement.
(e) During the Protected Period, the Operating Partnership will use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain nonrecourse indebtedness in the amount of at least $16 million.
(f) Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed to permit a party to receive a double benefit or compensation with respect to Damages.
(g) For purposes of determining any Damages under this agreement the following will apply:
(i) Each Taxable Event will be determined solely with respect to a single Taxable Period. If a Taxable Event would otherwise result in taxable income or gain allocable to more than one Taxable Period, the taxable income or gain allocable to each Taxable Period will be treated as arising from a separate Taxable Period and as constituting a separate Taxable Event.
(ii) The use of the term "allocation" in Section 2.1 shall not be limiting, thus if a Contributor recognizes taxable income or gain with respect to an event described in Section 2.1(a), such event will be a Taxable Event notwithstanding that some portion of such taxable income or gain is not subject to the profit and loss allocation provisions of any partnership agreement applicable to the Operating Partnership or is not reported or not required to be reported on any Schedule K-1 to U.S. Form 1065 or any other federal or state tax report or return required to be filed by the Operating Partnership.
(iii) For purposes of determining an Applicable Tax Rate for a Contributor, if the Contributor is a partnership under local law or is otherwise not taxable as an individual for either federal or state tax purposes, (A) the Federal Tax Rate shall be the tax rate which is the greater of any tax rate applicable to individuals or to the type of entity that such Contributor is treated as for federal income tax purposes, and (B) the State Tax Rate shall be the tax rate which is the greater of any tax rate applicable to individuals or to the type of entity that such Contributor is treated as by such taxing jurisdiction, and (C) no other adjustment shall be made if any income or gain arising from a Taxable Event is taxable to both the Contributor and its owners. If a Contributor is not an individual, any
State Tax Rate required to be determined with respect to the residence of the individuals that own such Contributor shall be determined with respect to the state having those individuals as residents that have the greatest total percentage ownership interest in such Contributor. Solely for purposes of determining an Applicable Tax Rate, any Permitted Disposition, other than to the owners of the Contributor, shall be ignored.
(iv) Each Taxable Event will be determined solely with respect to a single character of income or gain. If a Taxable Event would otherwise result in items of taxable income or gain having more than one character, each item of taxable income or gain having the same character shall be treated as a separate Taxable Event.
ARTICLE III
CONDUCT OF AUDITS, LITIGATION
Section 3.1 No Contributor shall have any right to participate in (i) any audit, conference or other proceeding with the Internal Revenue Service or the relevant state or local authorities, or any judicial proceedings concerning the determination of the tax liability of the REIT, the Operating Partnership or any of their subsidiaries, (ii) any administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of any such proceeding or (iii) any compromise or settlement of any adjustment or deficiency proposed, asserted or assessed as a result of any such proceeding.
ARTICLE IV
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 4.1 Amendment and Waivers. Any provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived by a Contributor, but only as to itself or himself and not any other Contributor, if, but only if, such amendment or waiver is in writing and is signed by the REIT, the Operating Partnership and the relevant Contributor.
Section 4.2 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding the REIT, the Operating Partnership, the Contributors and their respective successors and assigns. If any Contributor constituting a partnership under local law distributes one or more Units to one or more of its partners, each such partner shall be a "Contributor" for purposes of this Agreement without the necessity of any amendment of this Agreement and no consent or waiver of the REIT, the Operating Partnership or any other Contributor shall be required.
Section 4.3 Notices. Any and all notices, requests or other communications hereunder shall be given in writing and delivered by: (a) regular, overnight, registered or certified mail (return receipt requested), with first class postage prepaid; (b) hand delivery; (c) facsimile transmission; or (d) overnight courier service,
If to the REIT, at the following address or facsimile number for the
REIT:
If to the Operating Partnership, at the following address or facsimile number for the Operating Partnership:
If to a Contributor, at the address or facsimile number for the relevant Contributor set forth on Exhibit A:
or at such other address or number as shall be designated by the REIT, the Operating Partnership or a Contributor in a notice to other parties to this Agreement. All such communications shall be deemed to have been duly given: (A) in the case of a notice sent by regular mail, on the date actually received by the addressee; (B) in the case of a notice sent by registered or certified mail, on the date receipted for (or refused) on the return receipt; (C) in the case of a notice delivered by hand, when personally delivered; (D) in the case of a notice sent by facsimile, upon transmission subject to telephone confirmation of receipt; and (E) in the case of a notice sent by overnight mail or overnight courier service, the date delivered at the designated address, in each case given or addressed as aforesaid.
Section 4.4 Separability. Should any clause, sentence, paragraph, subsection or Section of this Agreement be judicially declared to be invalid, unenforceable or void, such decision will not have the effect of invalidating or voiding the remainder of this Agreement, and the part or parts of this Agreement so held to be invalid, unenforceable or void will be deemed to have been stricken herefrom, and the remainder will have the same force and effectiveness as if such stricken part or parts had never been included herein.
Section 4.5 Entire Agreement. This Agreement sets forth all of the covenants, agreements, conditions, understandings, warranties and representations of the REIT, the Operating Partnership and the Contributors relative to the subject matter hereof, and any previous agreement among such parties with respect to the subject matter hereof is superseded by this Agreement.
Section 4.6 GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF TEXAS.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by the general partner or duly authorized officer of each of the parties hereto, to be effective as of the date first above written.
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST,
INC., A MARYLAND CORPORATION
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED
PARTNERSHIP, A DELAWARE LIMITED
PARTNERSHIP
By: Ashford OP General Partner L.L.C.,
its General Partner
CONTRIBUTORS
REMINGTON SUITES AUSTIN, L.P.
By: Remington Suites Austin, Inc.,
as general partner
Exhibit A - Contributors
REMINGTON SUITES DALLAS, L.P.
By: Remington Suites Dallas, Inc.,
as general partner
REMINGTON SUITES DULLES, L.P.
By: Remington Suites Dulles, Inc.,
as general partner
REMINGTON SUITES LAS VEGAS, L.P.
By: Remington Suites Las Vegas, Inc.,
as general partner
CHICAGO ILLINOIS HOTEL LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
By: Illinois Hotel II Corp., as general partner By: -------------------------------- Name: ------------------------------ Title: ----------------------------- |
EXHIBIT 10.26
GUARANTY
THIS GUARANTY (this "GUARANTY"), is executed this __ day of ________, 2003 (the "EFFECTIVE DATE") by ASHFORD FINANCIAL CORPORATION, a Texas corporation ("GUARANTOR"), whose address for notice hereunder is 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75254, Attention: Legal Department, in favor of ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a Delaware limited partnership ("AHT"), whose address for notice hereunder is 14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75254, Attention: Legal Department. All capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meaning as set forth in the Asset Management Agreements (defined below).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, Guarantor has entered into the following Asset Management and Consulting Agreements as "Consultant" with each of the Managers identified below (collectively, the "MANAGERS" and individually, a "MANAGER"):
(i) Asset Management and Consulting Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2003, with Remington Hospitality, Inc., as Manager;
(ii) Asset Management and Consulting Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2003, with Remington Suites Hotel Corporation, as Manager;
(iii) Asset Management and Consulting Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2003, with Remington Employers Corporation, as Manager;
(iv) Asset Management and Consulting Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2003, with Remington Employers Management Corporation, as Manager;
(v) Asset Management and Consulting Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2003, with Remington Indianapolis Employers Corporation, as Manager;
(vi) Asset Management and Consulting Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2003, with Milford Hotel Employers Corporation, as Manager;
(vii) Asset Management and Consulting Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2003, with Remington Orlando Management Corp., as Manager; and
(viii) Asset Management and Consulting Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2003, with Remington Ventura Employers Corporation, as Manager;
(the foregoing agreements collectively, the "ASSET MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS" and singularly, an "ASSET MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT");
WHEREAS, each Asset Management Agreement provides that the respective Manager is obligated to pay Guarantor a Consulting Fee (as defined therein) during the Term hereof;
WHEREAS, AHT is involved in the formation of a real estate investment trust which will be an indirect general and a limited partner of AHT (the "REIT") and the proposed initial public offering of such REIT's shares of common stock;
GUARANTY PAGE 1
WHEREAS, Guarantor has assigned its rights and obligations under the Asset Management Agreements (including, its obligation to provide the Services (as defined therein) as Consultant and its rights to receive the Consulting Fee), pursuant to the terms of an Option Agreement (the "OPTION AGREEMENT"), in consideration of the issuance by AHT to Guarantor of certain partnership interest units in AHT (herein called, the "AHT UNITS"); and
WHEREAS, in order to induce AHT to enter into the Option Agreement, Guarantor has agreed to guarantee the full payment to AHT of a minimum amount in total Consulting Fees under all of the Asset Management Agreements combined, in the amount of the Minimum Guaranteed Fee (defined below), for each year during the Guarantee Period (defined below), and it is a condition precedent to AHT's performance under the Option Agreement that Guarantor execute this Guaranty in favor of AHT.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Guarantor hereby agrees as follows:
1. GUARANTEED OBLIGATIONS. For a period of five (5) years from and after the Effective Date (the "GUARANTEE PERIOD"), Guarantor, absolutely and unconditionally, guarantees the prompt and punctual payment to AHT of a minimum of One Million Two Hundred and No/100 ($1,200,000) per year (a "GUARANTEE YEAR") in total Consulting Fees (the "MINIMUM GUARANTEED FEE") under all of the Asset Management Agreements combined (the "GUARANTEED OBLIGATIONS"), for a total of Six Million Dollars ($6,000,000.00). The Minimum Guaranteed Fee shall be subject to annual adjustment based on the Consumer Price Index, all Items for all Urban Consumers, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor, as reported in the Wall Street Journal ("CPI").
2. NOTICE OF DEFICIENCY OF NON-PAYMENT. After the expiration of a Guarantee Year, upon written notice by AHT to Guarantor that the total of the Consulting Fees paid to AHT under the Asset Management Agreements for the immediately preceding and expired Guarantee Year during the Guarantee Period was less than the Minimum Guaranteed Fee as adjusted by CPI, Guarantor agrees to pay to AHT, within thirty (30) days thereafter, the difference between the Consulting Fees paid to AHT and the Minimum Guaranteed Fee as adjusted by CPI in lawful currency of the United States of America. The notice from AHT shall include a reasonably detailed accounting of all Consulting Fees paid to AHT under the Asset Management Agreements and shall be certified by an authorized officer of AHT.
3. PLEDGE OF AHT UNITS.
A. PLEDGE OF UNITS. Guarantor agrees to pledge the AHT Units issued to it in connection with the Option Agreement, to AHT as security for Guarantor's obligations under this Guaranty, pursuant to the terms of a Pledge Agreement of Partnership Units ("PLEDGE AGREEMENT") in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to AHT.
B. RELEASE OF UNITS. Upon expiration of a Guarantee Year and provided that AHT has received, for each previous Guarantee Year, all of the Consulting Fees as required under the Asset Management Agreements, in an amount of at least the Minimum Guaranteed Fee, then AHT shall release ("RELEASE") within thirty (30) days after the end of such most recent Guarantee Year, subject to subsection 3(c) below, the lesser of (i) 20% of the original number of the AHT Units pledged under the Pledge Agreement (herein called, the "20% AHT UNITS") or (ii) the Releasable Units (as defined below), if any, as determined in this subsection below; provided, AHT has received a written notice and determination ("REQUEST NOTICE") from Guarantor (certified as true and correct by an authorized officer of Guarantor) requesting a release of the applicable AHT Units and setting forth, in reasonable detail, the determination of the Unit Value per AHT Unit as of the anniversary
GUARANTY PAGE 2
date of the Effective Date determined in accordance with the method below. If the Request Notice provides that the total Unit Value of the remaining AHT Units (after release of the 20% AHT Units) equals at least the amount of the remaining Guaranteed Obligations under this Guaranty, then, provided that AHT reasonably approves the Unit Value as determined by Guarantor in the Request Notice which approval shall be limited to the accuracy of the calculation, AHT shall release the AHT Units as set forth in clause (i) hereinabove. If, however, the Request Notice determines that the total Unit Value of the remaining AHT Units (after release of the 20% AHT Units) is less than the remaining Guaranteed Obligations under this Guaranty, then, provided that AHT reasonably approves the Unit Value as determined by Guarantor in the Request Notice, only so many of the 20% AHT Units shall be released so that the total AHT Units remaining equals a total of at least the remaining Guaranteed Obligations under this Guaranty (such AHT Units to be released being collectively, the "RELEASABLE UNITS"). The failure of Guarantor to deliver a Request Notice shall not release AHT from its obligation to release the Releasable Units based on the Unit Value for the applicable 90-day period (as described below). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the Units released after any Guarantee Year were less than the 20% Units, the unreleased portion of such 20% Units ("UNRELEASED UNITS") shall be released after the following Guarantee Year with the Units then released under this subparagraph 3(b), if any, provided that at the time of such release, the total Unit Value of the remaining AHT Units (after any release permitted under subparagraph 3(b)) equals at least the amount of the Guaranteed Obligations under this Guaranty (subject to AHT's approval of the Unit Value). Conversely, if it is determined any Audit Adjustment Procedures (defined below) that AHT released too many Units ("EXCESS UNITS"), such Excess Units shall be credited to any Units to be released upon the expiration of the then current Guarantee Year, and if the then current Guarantee Year is the last Guarantee Year under this Guaranty and it is determined that the total Unit Value of the remaining unreleased AHT units is less than the remaining Guaranteed Obligations under this Guaranty, then Guarantor agrees to return the number of Excess Units to AHT as needed to secure the remaining Guaranteed Obligations. The term "UNIT VALUE" as used herein shall mean on a per unit basis, the average close price per share of the common stock of the REIT for the 90-day period ending on the last trading day of the most recently ended Guarantee Year. AHT agrees to respond to a Request Notice delivered by Guarantor within a reasonable time period and in no event less than 15 days after its receipt of same and to reasonably cooperate with Guarantor in resolving any disagreements AHT may have with regard to Guarantor's determination of the Unit Value of the AHT Units. C. ADJUSTMENT OF MINIMUM GUARANTEE FEE. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, if it is determined by AHT that for the immediately preceding Guarantee Year AHT did not in fact earn Consulting Fees in an amount of at least the Minimum Guaranteed Fee (through audit procedures or otherwise, including without limitation any management and incentive fee adjustments made pursuant to provisions contained in the underlying management agreements requiring a repayment of Consulting Fees to the underlying managers ("Audit Adjustment Procedures")), then, upon written notice from AHT containing reasonably detailed supporting information, the Minimum Guaranteed Amount for the then current Guaranty Year shall be deemed to be a minimum amount of $1,200,000 plus the difference in what was paid in Consulting Fees and the Minimum Guaranteed Fee for such Guaranty Year. D. REDEMPTION UPON DEFAULT. Pursuant to the terms of the Pledge Agreement, upon a default under this Guaranty and/or the Pledge Agreement that is not cured within any applicable grace or cure periods, AHT shall have the immediate right to redeem (the "REDEMPTION DATE") the number of AHT Units at the Unit Value per unit sufficient to cure the then existing uncured default. E. SUBSTITUTION OF COLLATERAL. Guarantor may from time to time, upon the approval of AHT (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld), substitute the Units with other collateral with |
GUARANTY PAGE 3
reasonably equivalent value in the form of cash, securities, or letters of credit, in form and of a nature reasonably acceptable to AHT (the "SUBSTITUTE COLLATERAL"), and Guarantor agrees to execute such documentation as deemed by AHT to be reasonably necessary, at the sole cost of Guarantor, to evidence and perfect AHT's lien and security interest in and to such Substitute Collateral. 4. CONTINUING GUARANTY. This Guaranty is a continuing guarantee of the |
Guaranteed Obligations, whether now or hereafter arising, whether due and owing or to become due and owing, howsoever created or arising or evidenced, whether absolute or contingent.
5. COSTS AND EXPENSES. Guarantor agrees to pay to AHT all of AHT's collection costs, including any additional amount for reasonable attorneys' fees, if the Guaranteed Obligations are not paid by Guarantor when due as required herein or if this Guaranty is enforced by suit or through bankruptcy court or through any judicial proceedings whatsoever.
6. ABSOLUTE AND UNCONDITIONAL NATURE. This is an absolute and unconditional guarantee of payment, and not of collection, by Guarantor. Guarantor waives any right to require that (a) any action be brought against any Manager or any other person or entity, (b) AHT have any Manager joined with the Guarantor of all or part of the Guaranteed Obligations in any suit arising out of this Guaranty and/or the Guaranteed Obligations, or (c) AHT pursue any other remedy available to AHT whatsoever. AHT shall not be required to mitigate damages or take any action to reduce, collect or enforce the Guaranteed Obligations. Guarantor waives any defense arising by reason of any disability, lack of corporate authority or power, or other defense of, or which may be made, by any Manager or Guarantor of the Guaranteed Obligations, and shall remain liable hereon regardless of whether any Manager or Guarantor be found not liable thereon for any reason. Should AHT seek to enforce the obligations of Guarantor by action in any court, Guarantor waives any necessity, substantive or procedural, that a judgment be previously rendered against any Manager or any other person or entity, or that any Manager or any other person or entity be joined in such cause, or that a separate action be brought against any Manager or any other person or entity. The obligations of Guarantor hereunder are several from those of any Manager or any other person or entity (including without limitation any other surety for any Manager), and are primary obligations for which Guarantor is a principal obligor. All waivers herein contained shall be without prejudice to AHT at its option to proceed against any or all of the Managers or any other person or entity, whether by separate action or by joinder.
7. RIGHT TO SUE. Guarantor agrees that suit may be brought against Managers, or any Manager, and Guarantor, jointly and severally, and against one or more of them, and without impairing the rights of AHT, its successors or assigns, against the other; nor shall AHT be required to join any Manager or any other liable party in a suit against Guarantor. AHT may release any or all of the Managers or Guarantor or settle with such persons or entities as AHT deems fit without releasing or impairing the rights of AHT to demand and collect the balance of such indebtedness from the other remaining parties not so released.
8. WAIVER OF RIGHTS. Guarantor hereby consents and agrees that Guarantor's obligations under this Guaranty shall not be released, diminished, impaired, reduced or adversely affected by any of the following, and waives any rights (including, without limitation, rights to notice) which Guarantor might otherwise have as a result of or in connection with any of the following:
a. Any renewal, extension, modification, increase, decrease, alteration or rearrangement of all or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations or any instrument executed in connection therewith, or any contract or understanding between Managers, or any Manager, and AHT, or any other person or entity, pertaining to the Guaranteed Obligations;
GUARANTY PAGE 4
b. Any adjustment, indulgence, forbearance or compromise that might be granted or given by AHT to any Manager; c. The insolvency, bankruptcy arrangement, adjustment, composition, liquidation, disability, dissolution, or lack of power of any Manager or Guarantor or any other party at any time liable for the payment of all or part of the Guaranteed Obligations; or any dissolution of any Manager or Guarantor, or any sale, lease or transfer of any or all of the assets of any Manager or Guarantor, or any changes in the shareholders, partners, or members of any Manager or Guarantor; or any reorganization of any Manager or Guarantor; d. The invalidity, illegality or unenforceability of all or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations, or any document or agreement executed in connection with the Guaranteed Obligations, for any reason whatsoever including, without limitation, (i) the fact that the Guaranteed Obligations, or any part thereof, exceed the amount permitted by law, (ii) the act of creating the Guaranteed Obligations or any part thereof is ultra vires, (iii) the officers or representatives executing the documents or otherwise creating the Guaranteed Obligations acted in excess of their authority, (iv) the Guaranteed Obligations violate applicable usury laws, (v) a valid defense, claim or offset of any Manager (whether at law, in equity or by agreement), which renders the Guaranteed Obligations wholly or partially uncollectible from such Manager, (vi) the creation, performance or repayment of the Guaranteed Obligations (or the execution, delivery and performance of any document or instrument representing part of the Guaranteed Obligations, executed in connection with the Guaranteed Obligations, or given to secure the repayment of the Guaranteed Obligations), is illegal, uncollectible, legally impossible or unenforceable, or (vii) the documents or instruments pertaining to the Guaranteed Obligations have been forged or otherwise are irregular or not genuine or authentic; e. Any full or partial release of the liability of any Manager for the Guaranteed Obligations or any part thereof, or of Guarantor, or of any other person or entity now or hereafter liable, whether directly or indirectly, jointly, severally, or jointly and severally, to pay, perform, guarantee or assure the payment of the Guaranteed Obligations or any part thereof, it being recognized, acknowledged and agreed by Guarantor that Guarantor may be required to pay the Guaranteed Obligations in full without assistance or support of any other person or entity, and Guarantor has not been induced to enter into this Guaranty on the basis of a contemplation, belief, understanding or agreement that parties other than Managers will be liable to pay the Guaranteed Obligations or that AHT will look to other parties to pay the Guaranteed Obligations; f. The taking or accepting of any other security, collateral or guaranty, or other assurance of payment, for all or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations; g. Any release, surrender, exchange, subordination, deterioration, waste, loss or impairment (including without limitation negligent, willful, unreasonable or unjustifiable impairment) of any collateral, property or security, at any time existing in connection with, or assuring or securing payment of, all or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations; h. The failure of AHT or any other person or entity to exercise diligence or reasonable care in the preservation, protection, enforcement, sale or other handling or treatment of all or any part of such collateral, property or security; i. The fact that any collateral, security, security interest or lien contemplated or intended to be given, created or granted as security for the repayment of the Guaranteed Obligations shall not be properly perfected or created, or shall prove to be unenforceable or subordinate to any GUARANTY PAGE 5 |
other security interest or lien, it being recognized and agreed by Guarantor that Guarantor is not entering into this Guaranty in reliance on, or in contemplation of the benefits of, the validity, enforceability, collectibility or value of any collateral for the Guaranteed Obligations; j. Any payment by any Manager to AHT is held to constitute a preference under the bankruptcy laws, or for any reason AHT is required to refund such payment or pay such amount to such Manager or someone else; k. Any other action taken or omitted to be taken with respect to the Guaranteed Obligations, or any security or collateral therefor, whether or not such action or omission prejudices Guarantor or increases the likelihood that Guarantor will be required to pay the Guaranteed Obligations pursuant to the terms hereof; it being the unambiguous and unequivocal intention of Guarantor that Guarantor shall be obligated to pay the Guaranteed Obligations when due, notwithstanding any occurrence, circumstance, event, action, or omission whatsoever, whether contemplated or uncontemplated, and whether or not otherwise or particularly described herein, except for the full and final payment and satisfaction of the Guaranteed Obligations; or l. The fact that all or any of the Guaranteed Obligations cease to exist by operation of law including, without limitation, by way of a discharge, limitation or tolling thereof under applicable bankruptcy laws. 9. MISCELLANEOUS. a. In the event any payment by any Manager or Guarantor of all or part of the Guaranteed Obligations to AHT is held to be a preference under the bankruptcy laws, or if for any other reason AHT is required to refund such payment or pay the amount thereof to any other party, such payment by such Manager or by Guarantor to AHT shall not constitute a release of Guarantor from any liability respecting payment of the Guaranteed Obligations, and Guarantor agrees to pay such amount to AHT upon demand. b. Any notice, request or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be given in writing by delivering the same against receipt therefor or by depositing the same in the United States Postal Service, postage prepaid, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the respective parties at the address shown above or to such other address as the intended recipient may have specified in a prior written notice received by the sender (and if so given, shall be deemed given when mailed). c. This Guaranty shall be binding upon Guarantor, its successors and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by AHT. Guarantor shall not assign or delegate its obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of AHT. d. Guarantor does hereby acknowledge that it has investigated fully the benefits and advantages which will be derived by Guarantor from execution of this Guaranty, and the Board of Directors, and officers, as the case may be, of Guarantor have decided that, and Guarantor does hereby acknowledge, warrant and represent that, a direct or an indirect benefit will accrue to Guarantor by reason of execution of this Guaranty. e. Guarantor represents and warrants that: (a) it is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of its incorporation, (b) it has the power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Guaranty, (c) the execution, delivery and performance by Guarantor of this Guaranty has been duly authorized by all requisite action and does |
GUARANTY PAGE 6
not violate or conflict with, breach, or constitute a default under, or require consent under, the organization documents of Guarantor or any agreement or document binding or covering Guarantor or any of its property, and (d) this Guaranty constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Guarantor, enforceable against Guarantor in accordance with its terms. F. THIS GUARANTY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE STATE OF TEXAS. DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS SHALL BE THE PROPER PLACE OF VENUE TO ENFORCE PAYMENT OR PERFORMANCE UNDER THIS GUARANTY. GUARANTOR IRREVOCABLY AGREES THAT ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS GUARANTY SHALL BE BROUGHT IN THE STATE DISTRICT COURTS OF DALLAS, COUNTY, TEXAS, OR IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT IN WHICH SUCH COUNTY IS LOCATED. g. Upon any change by Guarantor of its address, name or identity, Guarantor will notify AHT of such change in writing within a reasonable period of time after such change, but in no event later than sixty (60) days from such change. h. No delay on the part of AHT in exercising any right hereunder or failure to exercise the same shall operate as a waiver of such right, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege bar any further or subsequent exercise of the same or any other right, power or privilege. i. This Guaranty shall not be changed orally but shall be changed only by agreement in writing signed by the person against whom enforcement of such change is sought. j. The masculine and neuter genders used herein shall each include the masculine, feminine and neuter genders and the singular number used herein shall include the plural number. The words "person" and "entity" shall include without limitation individuals, corporations, partnerships, joint ventures, associations, joint stock companies, trusts, unincorporated organizations, and governments and any agency or political subdivision thereof. k. If any provision of this Guaranty is determined to be invalid by any court of competent jurisdiction or to be in violation of any applicable law, such invalidity or violation shall have no effect on any other provisions of this Guaranty (which shall remain valid and binding and in full force and effect) or in any other jurisdiction, and to that end the provisions of this Guaranty shall be considered severable. EXECUTED by the undersigned Guarantor on the Effective Date set forth above. ASHFORD FINANCIAL CORPORATION, a Texas corporation By: -------------------------------- Printed Name: ---------------------- Its: ------------------------------- |
GUARANTY PAGE 7
ACCEPTED AND AGREED
TO BY AHT THIS ________
DAY OF ____________, 2003:
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST
LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
By: Ashford OP General Partner LLC,
as general partner
GUARANTY PAGE 8
.
.
.
EXHIBIT 21.1
LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES OF ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.
NAME JURISDICTION OF FORMATION/INCORPORATION ---- --------------------------------------- Ashford OP General Partner LLC Delaware Ashford OP Limited Partner LLC Delaware Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership Delaware Ashford Properties General Partner LLC Delaware Ashford Dulles LP Delaware Ashford Las Vegas LP Delaware Ashford Dallas LP Delaware Ashford Austin LP Delaware Ashford Covington LP Delaware Ashford Holtsville LP Delaware Ashford TRS Corporation Delaware |
EXHIBIT 23.3
Consent of Independent Auditors
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" and to the use of our report dated May 8, 2003 (except for Note 8, as to which the date is May 13, 2003) in Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement (Form S-11 No. 333-105277) and related Prospectus of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. for the Registration of 40,250,000 shares of its common stock.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP Dallas, TX July 30, 2003 |
EXHIBIT 99.5
CONSENT OF PHILIP S. PAINE
I consent to the use of my name as a Director Nominee in the section "Management" in the Registration Statement filed by Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. on Form S-11 and the related Prospectus and any amendments thereto.
Dated: July 25, 2003 /s/ PHILIP S. PAYNE ---------------------------------- PHILIP S. PAYNE |