As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 25, 2007

Registration No. 333-140630

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

 

Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 5 to

Form S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

960 Stewart Drive

Sunnyvale, CA 94085-3913

(408) 331-3300

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

 

 

John W. Combs

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

ShoreTel, Inc.

960 Stewart Drive

Sunnyvale, CA 94085

(408) 331-3300

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:   As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.   o

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   o

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   o

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   o

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus.

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.

 

Through and including          , 2007 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

	•	Ease of use.   We provide a wide range of innovative, high performance phones that we combine with our feature-rich desktop software application, Personal Call Manager. Personal Call Manager allows end users to control their phones from their PCs, regardless of their location, and integrates with enterprise software applications, such as Microsoft Outlook and salesforce.com.
	•	Ease of installation and management.   Our systems are easy to install as a result of our proprietary installation software, which automatically recognizes and configures the elements of our solution as they are added to the systems. Our systems also feature a single point of management with a simple, intuitive interface that allows IT managers to modify their systems from anywhere through a web browser. We believe our systems are also easier to install and manage because they require fewer hardware elements than alternative systems.
	•	Scalability.   We believe our distributed software architecture and the modular design of our system hardware allow enterprises to incrementally scale our systems more cost-effectively than alternative systems, which can require replacement of substantial amounts of system equipment to increase capacity. In contrast, all of the investment an enterprise customer makes in our systems will continue to operate as their implementation of our systems expands to support their growth.
	•	Reliability.   Our switches are designed to be highly reliable and operate independently. Each switch in our systems is capable of independently establishing and terminating calls without relying on a centralized call control server, as is the case with alternative systems. As a result, enterprise telecommunications can survive a variety of LAN, WAN and hardware failures using our systems.
	•	Low total cost of ownership.   Our systems allow enterprise customers to lower the overall capital expenditures and on-going operating expenses typically associated with the deployment and management of enterprise telecommunications systems.

	•	Extend our technology advantage.   We intend to continue our research and development activities and expand our relationships with technology partners to enhance our product functionality, feature set and end

		user experience. We also intend to continue to develop additional applications for our systems and expand the interoperability of our systems with additional enterprise applications.

	•	Grow our distribution network.   We intend to increase our market penetration and extend our geographic reach by expanding our business with existing channel partners and by adding channel partners that serve specific target markets. We are particularly focused on expanding our relationships with channel partners that are focused on large enterprise accounts and with channel partners that operate in strategic international markets.
	•	Maintain focus on customer satisfaction.   We intend to continue to work closely with enterprise customers to gain valuable knowledge about their existing and future product requirements to help us develop new products and product enhancements that address their evolving requirements. We will continue to actively measure, and develop programs to continue to enhance, customer satisfaction.
	•	Increase our brand awareness.   We believe that increased visibility and awareness of the ShoreTel brand will enhance our ability to participate in enterprise customer evaluations of telecommunications systems, and will enable us to continue to grow our enterprise customer base. We intend to increase our sales and marketing activities to both channel partners and enterprise customers through targeted marketing programs, such as participation in seminars, trade shows and conferences, and advertising and public relations initiatives.
	•	Increase penetration of our installed base.   We plan to leverage our installed enterprise customer base to increase future sales. Since many organizations initially deploy our systems at a single location, we believe we can drive further penetration of our systems at multiple locations within these enterprises.

THE OFFERING

 

Shares of common stock offered by ShoreTel		7,900,000 shares
Shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering		41,255,916 shares
Use of proceeds		We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of $67.6 million from our sale of the 7,900,000 shares of common stock offered by us in this offering, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $9.50 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. In addition, we may use up to $5.0 million of the net proceeds of this offering to acquire technology to extend and enhance the functionality of our existing products. See “Use of Proceeds.”

NASDAQ Global Market symbol		SHOR

	•	3,243,485 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options as of March 31, 2007, at a weighted average exercise price of $1.31 per share;

	•	1,302,038 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options granted between April 1, 2007 and June 25, 2007, at a weighted average exercise price of $11.34 per share;

	•	70,883 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants as of March 31, 2007, at a weighted average exercise price of $2.77 per share;

	•	3,697,962 shares of common stock reserved for future grant or issuance under our 2007 equity incentive plan, including 211,200 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of options that we expect will be granted on the date of this prospectus, at an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price; and

	•	500,000 shares of common stock to be available for issuance under our 2007 employee stock purchase plan effective upon the completion of this offering.

	•	reflects our reincorporation into Delaware and the filing of our restated certificate of incorporation prior to the completion of this offering;
	•	reflects the conversion of all our outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock into an aggregate of 23,316,406 shares of common stock effective upon the completion of this offering;
	•	reflects the conversion of all outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock into warrants to purchase an aggregate of 67,703 shares of common stock effective upon completion of this offering;
	•	reflects a 1-for-10 reverse split of our outstanding capital stock to be effective prior to the completion of this offering; and
	•	assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase up to an additional 1,185,000 shares from us.

		Year Ended June 30,												Nine Months Ended March 31,
		2004				2005				2006				2006				2007
		(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Consolidated statement of operations data:
Revenue:
Product		$	16,587			$	31,970			$	55,300			$	37,972			$	61,473
Support and services			2,241				3,512				6,308				4,552				7,431
Total revenue			18,828				35,482				61,608				42,524				68,904
Cost of revenue:
Product (1)			7,725				13,961				21,855				15,723				21,271
Support and services (1)			1,660				2,907				5,425				3,942				4,853
Total cost of revenue			9,385				16,868				27,280				19,665				26,124
Gross profit			9,443				18,614				34,328				22,859				42,780
Operating expenses:
Research and development (1)			5,517				7,034				9,720				6,520				11,450
Sales and marketing (1)			8,004				10,050				15,699				10,855				18,441
General and administrative (1)			2,166				3,045				4,936				3,108				8,383
Total operating expenses			15,687				20,129				30,355				20,483				38,274
Income (loss) from operations			(6,244	)			(1,515	)			3,973				2,376				4,506
Other income (expense) — net			(7	)			124				248				96				(7	)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes			(6,251	)			(1,391	)			4,221				2,472				4,499
Income tax provision			—				(11	)			(219	)			(140	)			(311	)
Net income (loss)			(6,251	)			(1,402	)			4,002				2,332				4,188
Accretion of preferred stock			(26	)			(32	)			(51	)			(38	)			(38	)
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders		$	(6,277	)		$	(1,434	)		$	3,951			$	2,294			$	4,150
Net income (loss) per common share available to common shareholders (2):
Basic		$	(1.27	)		$	(0.27	)		$	0.60			$	0.36			$	0.50
Diluted		$	(1.27	)		$	(0.27	)		$	0.39			$	0.24			$	0.34
Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders (2):
Basic			4,934,507				5,351,706				6,609,170				6,358,839				8,341,561
Diluted			4,934,507				5,351,706				10,114,513				9,574,631				12,176,351
Unaudited pro forma net income per share available to common shareholders (3):
Basic										$	0.13							$	0.13
Diluted										$	0.12							$	0.12
Unaudited shares used in computing pro forma net income per share available to common shareholders (3):
Basic											29,925,576								31,657,967
Diluted											33,430,919								35,492,757

(1)		Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

														Nine Months
		Year Ended June 30,												Ended March 31,
		2004				2005				2006				2006				2007
		(In thousands)
Cost of product revenue		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	7
Cost of support and services revenue			—				—				16				14				55
Research and development			—				—				14				6				190
Sales and marketing			—				—				7				2				331
General and administrative			45				82				45				24				1,470
Total stock-based compensation		$	45			$	82			$	82			$	46			$	2,053

(2)		See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for a description of the method used to compute basic and diluted net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders, which gives effect to the 1-for-10 reverse split of our outstanding common stock prior to the closing of this offering.
(3)		See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for a description of the method used to compute basic and diluted net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders. Unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net income per share available to common shareholders have been computed to give effect to the 1-for-10 reverse split of our outstanding common stock prior to the closing of this offering and the assumed conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon the closing of this offering on an if-converted basis for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2006 and the nine-month period ended March 31, 2007.

		As of March 31, 2007
										Pro Forma As
		Actual				Pro Forma				Adjusted(1)
		(In thousands)
Consolidated balance sheet data:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	16,811			$	16,811			$	84,458
Working capital			22,443				22,443				90,090
Total assets			48,112				48,112				115,759
Preferred stock warrant liability			666				—				—
Redeemable convertible preferred stock			56,329				—				—
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)			(34,453	)			22,542				90,189

(1)		Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $9.50 per share would increase or decrease, respectively, the amount of cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets and total shareholders’ equity on a pro forma as adjusted basis by approximately $7.3 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us.

 

This offering and an investment in our common stock involve a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this prospectus, including the consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

Our recent profitability and growth rates may not be indicative of our future profitability or growth, and we may not be able to continue to maintain or increase our profitability or growth.

 

While we have been profitable in recent periods, we had an accumulated deficit of $86.7 million as of March 31, 2007. This accumulated deficit is attributable to net losses incurred from our inception in September 1996 through the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2005. We may not succeed in maintaining or increasing our profitability and could incur losses in future periods. We expect to incur significant additional operating expenses associated with being a public company. We also expect that our operating expenses, including recognition of stock-based compensation, will continue to increase in all areas as we seek to grow our business. If our gross profit does not increase to offset these expected increases in operating expenses, our operating results will be negatively affected. You should not consider our recent growth rates in terms of revenue and net income as indicative of our future growth. Accordingly we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain or increase our profitability in the future.

 

The market in which we operate is intensely competitive, and many of our competitors are larger, more established and better capitalized than we are.

 

The market for IP telecommunications and other telecommunications systems is extremely competitive. Our competitors include companies that offer IP systems, such as Cisco Systems, Inc. and 3Com Corporation, and that offer hybrid systems, such as Alcatel-Lucent, Avaya, Inc., Inter-Tel Incorporated, Mitel Networks Corporation (which recently announced plans to acquire Inter-Tel Incorporated) and Nortel Networks Corporation. Several of the companies that offer hybrid systems are beginning to also offer IP telecommunications systems. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have greater financial, technical, research and development, sales and marketing, manufacturing, distribution and other resources. We could also face competition from new market entrants, whether from new ventures or from established companies moving in to the market. These competitors have various other advantages over us, including:

 

 

 

 

Given their capital resources, many of these competitors are in a better position to withstand any significant reduction in capital spending by enterprise customers on telecommunications equipment and are not as susceptible to downturns in a particular market. This risk is enhanced because we focus our business solely on the enterprise IP telecommunications market and do not have a diversified portfolio of products that are applicable to other market segments.

 

We compete primarily on the basis of price, feature set, reliability, scalability, usability, total cost of ownership and service. Because our competitors have greater financial strength than we do and are able to offer a more diversified bundle of products and services, they have offered and in the future may offer telecommunications products at lower prices than we do. These larger competitors can also bundle products with other services, such as hosted or managed services, effectively reducing the price of their products. In order to remain competitive from a cost perspective, we have in the past reduced the prices of our products, and we may be required to do so in the future, in order to gain enterprise customers. Price reductions could have a negative effect on our gross margins.

 

Our competitors may also be able to devote more resources to developing new or enhanced products, including products that may be based on new technologies or standards. If our competitors’ products become more accepted than our products, our competitive position will be impaired and we may not be able to increase our revenue or may experience decreased gross margins. If any of our competitors’ products or technologies become the industry standard, if they are successful in bringing their products to market earlier, or if their products are more technologically capable than ours, then our sales could be materially adversely affected. We may not be able to maintain or improve our competitive position against our current or future competitors, and our failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our business.

 

As voice and data networks converge, we are likely to face increased competition from companies in the information technology, personal and business applications and software industries.

 

The convergence of voice and data networks and their wider deployment by enterprises has led information technology and communication applications deployed on converged networks to become more integrated. This integration has created an opportunity for the leaders in information technology, personal and business applications and the software that connects the network infrastructure to those applications, to enter the telecommunications market and offer products that compete with our systems. Competition from these potential market entrants may take many forms, and they may offer products and applications similar to those we offer. For example, Microsoft Corporation has recently announced its unified communications product roadmap. This includes its recently introduced “Office Communicator 2007,” which Microsoft stated will allow end users to control communications, including voice over IP, through the Office Communicator application on their PC, which we expect will provide functionality similar to that offered by our Personal Call Manager application. Microsoft has also announced plans to introduce Exchange Server 2007, a product that will offer competing unified messaging capabilities. Microsoft has also developed an IP phone and has licensed the rights to produce such phones to third parties. In addition, Microsoft has also entered into alliances with several of our competitors, and in July 2006 announced an extensive relationship with Nortel for the production of IP-based communications equipment that will be integrated with the Microsoft systems and Office Communicator. Microsoft and other leaders in the information technology, personal and business applications and software industries, have substantial financial and other resources that they could devote to this market.

 

If Microsoft continues to move into the telecommunications market or if other new competitors from the information technology, personal and business applications or software industries enter the telecommunications market, the market for IP telecommunications systems will become increasingly competitive. If the solutions offered by Microsoft or other new competitors achieve substantial market penetration, we may not be able to maintain or improve our market position, and our failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

If the emerging market for enterprise IP telecommunications systems does not fully develop, our future business would be harmed.

 

The market for enterprise IP telecommunications systems has begun to develop only recently, is evolving rapidly and is characterized by an increasing number of market entrants. As is typical of a new and rapidly evolving industry, the demand for and market acceptance of, enterprise IP telecommunications systems products and services are uncertain. We cannot assure you that enterprise telecommunications systems that operate on IP networks will become widespread. In particular, enterprises that have already invested substantial resources in other means of communicating information may be reluctant or slow to implement an IP telecommunications system that can require significant initial capital expenditures as compared to a hybrid system that might require a lower initial capital expenditure despite higher potential total expenditures over the long term. If the market for enterprise IP telecommunications systems fails to develop or develops more slowly than we anticipate, our products could fail to achieve market acceptance, which in turn could significantly harm our business. This growth may be inhibited by a number of factors, such as:

 

 

Moreover, as IP-based data communications and telecommunications usage grow, the infrastructure used to support these services, whether public or private, may not be able to support the demands placed on them and their performance or reliability may decline. Even if enterprise IP telecommunications systems become more widespread in the future, we cannot assure you that our products will attain broad market acceptance.

 

Our operating results may fluctuate in the future, which could cause our stock price to decline.

 

Our quarterly and annual results of operations may fluctuate in the future as a result of a variety of factors, some of which may be outside of our control. If our results of operations fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Fluctuations in our quarterly or annual results of operations may be due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to:

 

 

 

Because our operating expenses are largely fixed in the short-term, any shortfalls in revenue in a given period would have a direct and adverse effect on our operating results in that period. We believe that our quarterly and annual revenue and results of operations may vary significantly in the future and that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful. You should not rely on the results of one period as an indication of future performance.

 

We rely on third-party resellers to sell our products, and disruptions to, or our failure to develop and manage, our distribution channels and the processes and procedures that support them could adversely affect our business.

 

Approximately 92% of our total revenue in fiscal 2006 was generated through indirect channel sales. These indirect sales channels consist of third-party resellers that market and sell telecommunications systems and other products and services to customers. We expect indirect channel sales will continue to generate a substantial majority of our total revenue in the future. Our future success is highly dependent upon establishing and maintaining successful relationships with a variety of third-party resellers of telecommunications products and services. In addition, we rely on these entities to provide many of the installation, implementation and support services for our products. Accordingly, our success depends in large part on the effective performance of these channel partners. By relying on channel partners, we may in some cases have little or no contact with the ultimate users of our products, thereby making it more difficult for us to establish brand awareness, ensure proper delivery and installation of our products, service ongoing enterprise customer requirements and respond to evolving enterprise customer needs. This difficulty could be more pronounced in international markets, where we expect that enterprise customers will purchase our systems from a channel partner that purchased through a distributor. Additionally, some of our channel partners are smaller companies that may not have the same financial resources as other of our larger channel partners, which could in some cases expose us to additional collections risk. As of June 30, 2005 and 2006, we had approximately 210 and 340, respectively, third-party resellers in our channel partner program. Historically, we have experienced relatively low turnover of the resellers in our program, with 13 and 19 members leaving the program in fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2006, respectively.

 

Recruiting and retaining qualified channel partners and training them in our technology and products requires significant time and resources. In order to develop and expand our distribution channel, we must continue to scale and improve our processes and procedures that support our channel, including investment in systems and training, and those processes and procedures may become increasingly complex and difficult to manage. We have no long-term contracts or minimum purchase commitments with any of our channel partners, and our contracts with these channel partners do not prohibit them from offering products or services that compete with ours. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to existing and potential channel partners to favor their products or to prevent or reduce sales of our products. Our channel partners may choose not to offer our products exclusively or at all. Our failure to establish and maintain successful relationships with channel partners would likely materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

 

Our sales cycle can be lengthy and unpredictable, which makes it difficult to forecast the amount of our sales and operating expenses in any particular period.

 

The sales cycle for our products typically ranges from six to nine months, and in some cases can be over 12 months. Part of our strategy is to increasingly target our sales efforts on larger enterprises. Because the sales cycle for large enterprises is generally longer than for smaller enterprises, our sales cycle in the future may be even longer than it has been historically. As a result, we may have limited ability to forecast whether or in which period a sale will occur. The success of our product sales process is subject to many factors, some of which we have little or no control over, including:

 

 

We may expend substantial time, effort and money educating our current and prospective enterprise customers as to the value of, and benefits delivered by, our products, and ultimately fail to produce a sale. If we are unsuccessful in closing sales after expending significant resources, our operating results will be adversely affected. Furthermore, if sales forecasted for a particular period do not occur in such period, our operating results for that period could be substantially lower than anticipated and the market price of our common stock could decline.

 

Our products incorporate some sole sourced components and the inability of these sole source suppliers to provide adequate supplies of these components may prevent us from selling our products for a significant period of time or limit our ability to deliver sufficient amounts of our products.

 

We rely on sole or limited numbers of suppliers for several key components utilized in the assembly of our products. For example, we source semiconductors that are essential to the operation of our phones from separate single suppliers, and we have not identified or qualified any alternative suppliers for these components. We do not have supply agreements with our sole source suppliers, and the components for our products are typically procured by our contract manufacturers. If we lose access to these components we may not be able to sell our products for a significant period of time, and we could incur significant costs to redesign our products or to qualify alternative suppliers. This reliance on a sole source or limited number of suppliers involves several additional risks, including:

 

 

This reliance is exacerbated by the fact that we maintain a relatively small amount of inventory and our contract manufacturers typically acquire components only as needed. As a result, our ability to respond to enterprise customer orders efficiently may be constrained by the then-current availability or the terms and pricing of these components. Disruption or termination of the supply of these components could delay shipments of our products and could materially and adversely affect our relationships with current and prospective enterprise customers. For example, in December 2004, our power supply component vendor was unable to provide sufficient components, and we had to obtain this component from another source. Also, from time to time we have experienced component quality issues with products obtained from our contract manufacturers. For example, in the first quarter of our 2005 fiscal year, we had to expend resources to fix keys that were not working properly on some of our phones. In addition, any increase in the price of these components could reduce our gross margin and adversely impact our profitability. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain a sufficient quantity of these components to meet the demands of enterprise customers in a timely manner or that prices of these components will not increase. In

addition, problems with respect to yield and quality of these components and timeliness of deliveries could occur. These delays could also materially and adversely affect our operating results.

 

Our business may be harmed if our contract manufacturers are not able to provide us with adequate supplies.

 

We outsource the manufacturing of our products. Currently, we have arrangements for the production of our switches with a contract manufacturer in California and for the production of our phones with a contract manufacturer located in China. Our reliance on contract manufacturers involves a number of potential risks, including the absence of adequate capacity and reduced control over delivery schedules.

 

We depend on our contract manufacturers to finance the production of goods ordered and to maintain adequate manufacturing capacity. We do not exert direct control over our contract manufacturers, so we may be unable to procure timely delivery of acceptable products to our enterprise customers.

 

If sales of our products continue to grow, one or both of our contract manufacturers may not have sufficient capacity to enable it to increase production to meet the demand for our products. Moreover, both of our contract manufacturers could have manufacturing engagements with companies that are much larger than we are and whose production needs are much greater than ours. As a result, one or both of our contract manufacturers may choose to devote additional resources to the production of products other than ours if capacity is limited.

 

In addition, our contract manufacturers do not have any written contractual obligation to accept any purchase order that we submit for the manufacture of any of our products nor do we have any assurance that our contract manufacturers will agree to manufacture and supply any or all of our requirements for our products. Furthermore, either of our contract manufacturers may unilaterally terminate their relationship with us at any time upon 180 days notice with respect to the contract manufacturer of our switches and 120 days notice with respect to the contract manufacturer of our phones or seek to increase the prices they charge us. For example, in January 2005, one of our former contract manufacturers, which at the time was the sole manufacturer of our switches, notified us that it was terminating its relationship with us upon six months of advance notice, which required us to qualify and obtain a new contract manufacturer. As a result, we are not assured that our current manufacturers will continue to provide us with an uninterrupted supply of products of at an acceptable price in the future.

 

Even if our contract manufacturers accept and fulfill our orders, it is possible that the products may not meet our specifications. Because we do not control the final assembly and quality assurance of our products, there is a possibility that these products may contain defects or otherwise not meet our quality standards, which could result in warranty claims against us that could adversely affect our operating results and future sales.

 

If our contract manufacturers are unable or unwilling to continue manufacturing our products in required volumes and to meet our quality specifications, or if they significantly increase their prices, we will have to identify one or more acceptable alternative contract manufacturers. The process of identifying and qualifying a new contract manufacturer can be time consuming, and we may not be able to substitute suitable alternative contract manufacturers in a timely manner or at acceptable prices. Additionally, transitioning to new contract manufacturers may cause delays in supply if the new contract manufacturers have difficulty manufacturing products to our specifications or quality standards. Furthermore, we do not own the electronic design for our phones, hence it may be more difficult or costly for us to change the contract manufacturer of our phones or to arrange for an alternate of or a replacement for these products in a timely manner should a transition be required. This could also subject us to the risk that our competitors could obtain phones containing technology that is the same as or similar to the technology in our phones.

 

Any disruption in the supply of products from our contract manufacturers may harm our business and could result in a loss of sales and an increase in production costs, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

The gross margins on our products may decrease due to competitive pressures or otherwise, which could negatively impact our profitability.

 

It is possible that the gross margins on our products will decrease in the future in response to competitive pricing pressures, new product introductions by us or our competitors, changes in the costs of components or other factors. If we experience decreased gross margins and we are unable to respond in a timely manner by introducing and selling new, higher-margin products successfully and continually reducing our product costs, our gross margins may decline, which will harm our business and results of operations.

 

If we fail to make necessary improvements to address material weaknesses and significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting noted by our independent registered public accounting firm, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately and timely or prevent fraud, any of which could harm our business, reputation and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

 

In connection with the audit of our financial statements for the six-month period ended December 31, 2006, our independent registered public accounting firm noted in their report to our audit committee that we had the following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006:

 

 

If vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, of fair value does not exist for commitments to provide specified upgrades, services or additional products to customers in the future, as has been the case from time to time in the past, we defer all revenue from the arrangement until the earlier of the point at which VSOE of fair value does exist or all such elements from the arrangement have been delivered.

 

Additionally, the following two significant deficiencies in the design or operation of our internal control over financial reporting were noted:

 

 

A material weakness and significant deficiency are defined as a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affect an entity’s ability to initiate, authorize, record, process or report financial data reliably in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles such that there is more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement (with respect to a material weakness) of the entity’s financial statements or a misstatement that is more than inconsequential (with respect to a significant deficiency) will not be prevented or detected by the entity’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

These material weaknesses and significant deficiencies resulted in a number of audit adjustments to our consolidated financial statements for the six-month period ended December 31, 2006 that were noted during the course of the audit. In addition, these material weaknesses and significant deficiencies contributed to delays in the completion of the audit.

 

We are in the process of taking steps intended to remedy these material weaknesses and significant deficiencies, and we will not be able to fully address these material weaknesses and significant deficiencies until these steps have been completed. If we fail to further increase and maintain the number and expertise of our staff for our accounting and finance functions and to improve and maintain internal control over financial reporting adequate to meet the demands that will be placed upon us as a public company, including the requirements of the Sarbanes-

Oxley Act, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately and prevent fraud. If we cannot do so, our business, reputation and stock price may decline.

 

Furthermore, SEC rules require that, as a publicly-traded company following completion of this offering, we file periodic reports containing our financial statements within a specified time following the completion of quarterly and annual periods. Prior to this offering, we have never been required to have our financial statements completed and reviewed or audited within a specified period, and, as such, we may experience difficulty in meeting the SEC’s reporting requirements in a timely manner. Any failure by us to timely file our periodic reports with the SEC could harm our reputation and reduce the market price of our common stock.

 

Even if we are able to report our financial statements accurately and timely, if we do not make all the necessary improvements to address the material weaknesses, continued disclosure of our material weaknesses will be required in future filings with the SEC, which could cause our reputation to be harmed and our stock price to decline.

 

We will incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to public company compliance initiatives. These added costs and required management focus could adversely affect our operating results.

 

As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the NASDAQ Stock Market, have imposed a variety of new requirements on public companies, including requiring changes in corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these new compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect these new rules and regulations will make it more difficult and expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we will be required to incur substantial costs to maintain the same or similar coverage.

 

In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, commencing in fiscal 2008, we must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management and our independent registered public accounting firm to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our compliance with Section 404 will require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts. We currently do not have an internal audit group, and we will need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. Moreover, if we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm continues to note or identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the NASDAQ Stock Market, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

 

The increased costs associated with operating as a public company may decrease our net income or increase our net loss, and may cause us to reduce costs in other areas of our business or increase the prices of our products or services to offset the effect of such increased costs. Additionally, if these requirements divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

If we fail to develop and introduce new products and features in a timely manner, or if we fail to manage product transitions, we could experience decreased revenue or decreased selling prices in the future.

 

Our future growth depends on our ability to develop and introduce new products successfully. Due to the complexity of the type of products we produce, there are significant technical risks that may affect our ability to introduce new products and features successfully. In addition, we must commit significant resources to developing new products and features before knowing whether our investments will result in products that are accepted by the market. The success of new products depends on many factors, including:

 

 

 

If we are unable to develop and introduce new products in a timely manner or in response to changing market conditions or enterprise customer requirements, or if these products do not achieve market acceptance, our operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

 

Product introductions by us in future periods may also reduce demand for, or cause price declines with respect to, our existing products. As new or enhanced products are introduced, we must successfully manage the transition from older products, avoid excessive levels of older product inventories and ensure that sufficient supplies of new products can be delivered to meet enterprise customer demand. Our failure to do so could adversely affect our revenue, gross margins and other operating results.

 

If we fail to respond to technological changes and evolving industry standards, our products could become obsolete or less competitive in the future.

 

The telecommunications industry is highly competitive and characterized by rapidly changing technologies and standards, frequent product introductions and short product life cycles. Accordingly, our operating results depend upon, among other things, our ability to develop and introduce new products and our ability to reduce production costs of existing products. The process of developing new technologies and products is complex, and if we are unable to develop enhancements to, and new features for, our existing products or acceptable new products that keep pace with technological developments or industry standards, our products may become obsolete, less marketable and less competitive and our business will be harmed.

 

In addition, as industry standards evolve, it is possible that one standard becomes predominant in the market. This could facilitate the entry into the market of competing products, which could result in significant pricing pressure. Additionally, if one standard becomes predominant and we adopt that standard, enterprises may be able to create a unified, integrated system by using phones, switches, servers, applications, or other telecommunications products produced by different companies. Therefore, we may be unable to sell complete systems to enterprise customers because the enterprise customers elect to purchase portions of their telecommunications systems from our competitors. For example, if a single industry standard is adopted, customers may elect to purchase our switches, but could purchase software applications and phones from other vendors. This could reduce our revenue and gross margins if enterprise customers instead purchase primarily lower-margin products from us. Conversely, if one standard becomes predominant, and we do not adopt it, potential enterprise customers may choose to buy a competing system that is based on that standard.

 

Our products are highly complex and may contain undetected software or hardware errors, which could harm our reputation and future product sales.

 

Because our enterprise customers rely on our products for telecommunications, an application that is critical to their business, any failure to provide high quality and reliable products, whether caused by our own failure or failures by our contract manufacturer or suppliers, could damage our reputation and reduce demand for our products. Our products have in the past contained, and may in the future contain, undetected errors or defects. Some errors in our products may only be discovered after a product has been installed and used by enterprise customers. Any errors or defects discovered in our products after commercial release could result in loss of revenue, loss of enterprise customers and increased service and warranty costs, any of which could adversely affect our business. In addition, we could face claims for product liability, tort or breach of warranty. Our purchase orders contain provisions relating to warranty disclaimers and liability limitations, which may not be upheld. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of its merit, is costly and may divert management’s attention and adversely affect the market’s perception of us and our products. In addition, if our business liability insurance coverage proves inadequate or future coverage is unavailable on acceptable terms or at all, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

 

Our business could be harmed by adverse economic conditions in our target markets or reduced spending on information technology and telecommunication products.

 

Our business depends on the overall demand for information technology, and in particular for telecommunications systems. The market we serve is emerging and the purchase of our products involves significant upfront expenditures. In addition, the purchase of our products can be discretionary and may involve a significant commitment of capital and other resources. Weak economic conditions in our target markets, or a reduction in information technology or telecommunications spending even if economic conditions improve, would likely adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition in a number of ways, including longer sales cycles, lower prices for our products and reduced unit sales.

 

Our future success depends on our ability to attract, integrate and retain key personnel, and our failure to do so could harm our ability to grow our business.

 

Our future success will depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to attract, integrate and retain our key personnel, namely our management team and experienced sales and engineering personnel. For example, we hired Michael E. Healy as our new Chief Financial Officer, effective May 10, 2007, and we have also recently hired other personnel in our finance department. We may experience difficulty assimilating our newly hired personnel, which may adversely affect our business. In addition, we must retain and motivate high quality personnel, and we must also attract and assimilate other highly qualified employees. Competition for qualified management, technical and other personnel can be intense, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. Competitors have in the past and may in the future attempt to recruit our employees, and our management and key employees are not bound by agreements that could prevent them from terminating their employment at any time. If we fail to attract, integrate and retain key employees, our ability to manage and grow our business could be harmed.

 

If we fail to manage our growth effectively, our business could be harmed.

 

We have recently experienced a period of rapid growth in our headcount and operations. In the last year and a half, we have more than doubled our workforce and significantly expanded our channel partner network and the number and size of enterprise customers implementing our systems. We anticipate that we will further expand our operations. This growth has placed, and future growth will place, a significant strain on our management, administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. Our success will depend in part upon our ability to manage this growth effectively. To manage the expected growth of our operations and personnel, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. Failure to effectively manage growth could result in difficulty in filling enterprise customer orders, declines in product quality or customer satisfaction, increases in costs or other production and distribution difficulties, and any of these difficulties could adversely impact our business performance and results of operations.

 

We intend to expand our international operations, which could expose us to significant risks.

 

To date we have limited international operations and have not had material revenue from international enterprise customers. The future success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to expand our operations and enterprise customer base successfully worldwide. Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks that are different from those in the United States. Because of our limited experience with international operations, we cannot assure you that our international expansion efforts will be successful. In addition, we will face risks in doing business internationally that could adversely affect our business, including:

 

 

 

Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our future international operations and our overall business.

 

Failure to protect our intellectual property could substantially harm our business.

 

Our success and ability to compete are substantially dependent upon our intellectual property. We rely on patent, trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection and confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, enterprise customers, strategic partners and others to protect our intellectual proprietary rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property rights may be inadequate. We currently have three issued patents and 11 patent applications in the United States. We also have one foreign patent application relating to one of our U.S. patents. We cannot assure you that any additional patents will be issued. Even if patents are issued, they may not adequately protect our intellectual property rights or our products against competitors, and third-parties may challenge the scope, validity and/or enforceability of our issued patents. In addition, other parties may independently develop similar or competing technologies designed around any patents that may be issued to us.

 

In order to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect such rights. We may not be able to detect infringement, and may lose our competitive position in the market before we are able to do so. In the event that we detect any infringement of our intellectual property rights, we intend to enforce such rights vigorously, and from time to time we may initiate claims against third parties that we believe are infringing on our intellectual property rights if we are unable to resolve matters satisfactorily through negotiation. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our failure to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could harm our brand and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

If a third party asserts that we are infringing on its intellectual property, whether successful or not, it could subject us to costly and time-consuming litigation or expensive licenses, which could harm our business.

 

There is considerable patent and other intellectual property development activity in our industry. Our success depends, in part, upon our not infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others. Our competitors, as well have a number of other entities and individuals, own or claim to own intellectual property relating to our industry. From time to time, third parties may claim that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing upon such rights. Third parties have in the past sent us correspondence regarding their intellectual property and in the future we may receive claims that our products infringe or violate their intellectual property rights. For example, in January 2007, we received a letter alleging that we infringed on two patents, and, in

April 2007, we were named as the defendant in a lawsuit regarding this alleged infringement. This lawsuit was settled in May 2007. However, we may be unaware of the intellectual property rights of others that may cover some or all of our technology or products. Any claims or litigation could cause us to incur significant expenses and, if successfully asserted against us, could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from selling our products, or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms. In addition, we may decide to pay substantial settlement costs in connection with any claim or litigation, whether or not successfully asserted against us. Even if we were to prevail, any litigation regarding our intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.

 

Litigation with respect to intellectual property rights in the telecommunications industries is not uncommon and can often involve patent holding companies who have little or no product revenue and against whom our own patents may provide little or no deterrence. We may also be obligated to indemnify our enterprise customers or business partners in connection with any such litigation, which could further exhaust our resources. Furthermore, as a result of an intellectual property challenge, we may be required to enter into royalty, license or other agreements. We may not be able to obtain these agreements on terms acceptable to us or at all. In addition, disputes regarding our intellectual property rights may deter distributors selling our products and dissuade potential enterprise customers from purchasing such products. As such, third-party claims with respect to intellectual property may increase our cost of goods sold or reduce the sales of our products, and may have a material and adverse effect on our business.

 

Our products include third-party technology and intellectual property, which could present additional risks.

 

We incorporate certain third-party technologies, such as our contact center, collaboration bridge and network monitoring software, into our products, and intend to utilize additional third-party technologies in the future. However, licenses to relevant third-party technology or updates to those technologies may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Furthermore, we do not own the electronic design for our phones, hence it may be difficult for us to arrange for an alternate of or a replacement for these products in a timely manner. Therefore, we could face delays in product releases until equivalent technology can be identified, licensed or developed, and integrated into our current products. These delays, if they occur, could materially adversely affect our business.

 

We are subject to environmental and other health and safety regulations that may increase our costs of operations or limit our activities.

 

We are subject to environmental and other health and safety regulations relating to matters such as reductions in the use of harmful substances, the use of lead-free soldering and the recycling of products and packaging materials. For example, the European Parliament and the Counsel of the European Union have published directives on waste electrical and electronic equipment and on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. These directives generally require electronics producers to bear the cost of collection, treatment, recovery and safe disposal of past and future products from end users and to ensure that new electrical and electronic equipment does not contain specified hazardous substances. While the cost of these directives to us cannot be determined before regulations are adopted in individual member states of the European Union, it may be substantial and may divert resources, which could detract from our ability to develop new products or operate our business, particularly if we increase international operations. We may not be able to comply in all cases with applicable environmental and other regulations, and if we do not, we may incur remediation costs or we may not be able to offer our products for sale in certain countries, which could adversely affect our results.

 

Some of our competitors could design their products to prevent or impair the interoperability of our products with enterprise customers’ networks, which could cause installations to be delayed or cancelled.

 

Our products must interface with enterprise customer software, equipment and systems in their networks, each of which may have different specifications. To the extent our competitors supply network software, equipment or systems to our enterprise customers, it is possible these competitors could design their technologies to be closed or proprietary systems that are incompatible with our products or to work less effectively with our products than their own. As a result, enterprise customers would be incentivized to purchase products that are compatible with the

products and technologies of our competitors over our products. A lack of interoperability may result in significant redesign costs and harm relations with our enterprise customers. If our products do not interoperate with our enterprise customers’ networks, installations could be delayed or orders for our products could be cancelled, which would result in losses of revenue and enterprise customers that could significantly harm our business.

 

Our revenue may decline as a result of changes in public funding of educational institutions

 

In prior periods, public educational institutions have purchased our products, and we derived approximately 4% and 7% of our total revenue from sales to educational institutions in fiscal 2006 and the nine-month period ended March 31, 2007. Public schools receive funding from local tax revenue, and from state and federal government through a variety of programs, many of which seek to assist schools located in underprivileged or rural areas. We believe that the funding for a substantial portion of our sales to educational institutions comes from federal funding, in particular the E-rate program. E-rate is a program of the Federal Communications Commission that subsidizes the purchase of approved telecommunications, Internet access, and internal connections costs for eligible public educational institutions. In the event that the federal government reduces the amounts dedicated to the E-rate program in future periods, or eliminates the program completely, our sales to educational institutions may be reduced. Furthermore, if state and local funding of public education is significantly reduced because of legislative changes or by fluctuations in tax revenue due to changing economic conditions, our sales to educational institutions may also be negatively impacted. Any reduction in spending on telecommunications systems by educational institutions would likely adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

Our principal offices and the facilities of our contract manufacturers are located near known earthquake fault zones, and the occurrence of an earthquake or other catastrophic disaster could damage our facilities or the facilities of our contract manufacturers, which could cause us to curtail our operations.

 

Our principal offices and the facilities of one of our contract manufacturers are located in California near known earthquake fault zones and, therefore, are vulnerable to damage from earthquakes. We and our contract manufacturers are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, such as power loss, fire, floods and similar events. If any disaster were to occur, our ability to operate our business could be seriously impaired. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance to cover our losses resulting from disasters or other similar significant business interruptions. Any significant losses that are not recoverable under our insurance policies could seriously impair our business and financial condition.

 

Our products require reliable broadband connections, and we may be unable to sell our products in markets where broadband connections are not yet widely available.

 

End users of our products must have reliable access to an enterprise customer’s wide area network in order for our products to perform properly. Accordingly, it is not likely that there will be demand for our products in geographic areas that do not have a sufficiently reliable infrastructure of broadband connections. Many geographic locations do not have reliable infrastructure for broadband connections, particularly in some international markets. Our future growth could be limited if broadband connections are not or do not become widely available in markets that we target.

 

If our enterprise customers experience inadequate performance with their wide area networks, even if unrelated to our systems, our product performance could be adversely affected, which could harm our relationships with current enterprise customers and make it more difficult to attract new enterprise customers.

 

Our products rely on the reliable performance of the wide area networks of enterprise customers. If enterprise customers experience inadequate performance with their wide area networks, whether due to outages, component failures, or otherwise, our product performance would be adversely affected. As a result, when these types of problems occur with these networks, our enterprise customers may not be able to immediately identify the source of the problem, and may conclude that the problem is related to our products. This could harm our relationships with our current enterprise customers and make it more difficult to attract new enterprise customers, which could harm our business.

 

We might require additional capital to support our business in the future, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

 

Although we anticipate that our current cash on hand and the proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to meet our currently anticipated cash needs for the next twelve months, if our cash and cash equivalents balances and any cash generated from operations and from this offering are not sufficient to meet our future cash requirements, we will need to seek additional capital, potentially through debt or equity financings, to fund our operations. We may also need to raise additional capital to take advantage of new business or acquisition opportunities. We may seek to raise capital by, among other things:

 

 

We cannot assure you that we will be able to raise needed cash on terms acceptable to us or at all. Financings, if available, may be on terms that are dilutive or potentially dilutive to our stockholders, and the prices at which new investors would be willing to purchase our securities may be lower than the initial public offering price. The holders of new securities may also receive rights, preferences or privileges that are senior to those of existing holders of common stock. In addition, if we were to raise cash through a debt financing, such debt may impose conditions or restrictions on our operations, which could adversely affect our business. If new sources of financing are required but are insufficient or unavailable, we would be required to modify our operating plans to the extent of available funding, which would harm our ability to maintain or grow our business.

 

Risks Related to the Offering

 

We cannot assure you that a market will develop for our common stock or what the market price of our common stock will be.

 

Before this offering, there was no public trading market for our common stock, and we cannot assure you that one will develop or be sustained after this offering. If a market does not develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for you to sell your shares of common stock at an attractive price or at all. We cannot predict the prices at which our common stock will trade. The initial public offering price for our common stock will be determined through our negotiations with the underwriters and may not bear any relationship to the market price at which our common stock will trade after this offering or to any other established criteria of the value of our business. It is possible that, in future quarters, our operating results may be below the expectations of securities analysts or investors. As a result of these and other factors, the price of our common stock may decline, and you could lose some or all of your investment.

 

The price of our common stock may be volatile and the value of your investment could decline.

 

In the past, technology stocks have experienced high levels of volatility. The trading price of our common stock following this offering may fluctuate substantially. The price of our common stock that will prevail in the market after this offering may be higher or lower than the price you pay, depending on many factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock include the following:

 

 

 

In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. If our stock price is volatile, we may become the target of securities litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources from our business.

 

Future sales of outstanding shares of our common stock into the market in the future could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

 

If our existing stockholders sell a large number of shares of our common stock or the public market perceives that these sales may occur, the market price of our common stock could decline. Based on shares outstanding on May 31, 2007, upon the completion of this offering, assuming no outstanding options are exercised prior to the completion of this offering, we will have approximately 41,312,367 shares of common stock outstanding. All of the shares offered under this prospectus will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the federal securities laws, unless purchased by our affiliates. Taking into consideration the effect of lock-up agreements entered into by our stockholders, the remaining 33,412,367 shares outstanding upon the completion of this offering will be available for sale pursuant to Rules 144 and 701, and the volume, manner of sale and other limitations under these rules, as follows:

 

 

 

Furthermore, following this offering, certain holders of shares of our common stock and common stock issued upon conversion of our preferred stock and warrants will be entitled to rights with respect to the registration of a total of 27,487,771 shares under the Securities Act. See “Description of Capital Stock — Registration Rights.” If we register their shares of common stock following the expiration of the lock-up agreements, these stockholders can immediately sell those shares in the public market.

 

In connection with this offering, we intend to register on a registration statement on Form S-8 up to approximately 3,168,275 shares of common stock that are authorized for issuance pursuant to outstanding stock options granted under our 1997 stock option plan and a non-plan stock option, 5,000,000 shares of common stock that are subject to outstanding stock options or authorized for future issuance or grant under our 2007 stock option plan and 500,000 shares of common stock that are authorized for issuance under our 2007 employee stock purchase plan. As of May 31, 2007, 4,470,313 shares were subject to outstanding options under our 1997 stock option plan, our 2007 equity incentive plan and a non-plan stock option, of which 1,150,648 shares were vested as of that date, and of which an additional 821,146 shares will become vested as of May 31, 2008 (assuming no changes in current vesting schedules and continuous employment of the holders of these options). No shares were subject to outstanding purchase rights under our 2007 employee stock purchase plan as of the date of this prospectus. All of these shares when issued will be subject to the lock-up agreements referred to above and 28,280,486 shares held by our affiliates will be subject to Rule 144 restrictions. To the extent we register these shares, they can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to the lock-up agreements referred to above and Rule 144.

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they downgrade our stock, the price of our stock could decline.

 

The trading market for our common stock will rely in part on the availability of research and reports that third-party industry or financial analysts publish about us. Further, if one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock, our stock price may decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause the liquidity of our stock and our stock price to decline.

 

Concentration of ownership among our existing directors, executive officers, and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.

 

Upon closing of this offering, assuming the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares is not exercised, based upon beneficial ownership as of May 31, 2007, our current directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of our common stock, including funds affiliated with Crosspoint Venture Partners, Foundation Capital and Lehman Brothers, and their respective affiliates will, in the aggregate, beneficially own approximately 69.3% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders will be able to exercise a controlling influence over matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, and will have significant influence over our management and policies. Some of these persons or entities may have interests that are different from yours. For example, these stockholders may support proposals and actions with which you may disagree or which are not in your interests. The concentration of ownership could delay or prevent a change in control of our company or otherwise discourage a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of our company, which in turn could reduce the price of our common stock. In addition, these stockholders, some of whom have representatives sitting on our board of directors, could use their voting influence to maintain our existing management and directors in office, delay or prevent changes of control of our company, or support or reject other management and board proposals that are subject to stockholder approval, such as amendments to our employee stock plans and approvals of significant financing transactions.

 

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering.

 

We cannot specify with certainty the particular uses of the net proceeds we will receive from this offering. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, including for any of the purposes described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.” Accordingly, you will have to rely upon the judgment of our management with respect to the use of the proceeds, with only limited information concerning management’s specific intentions. Our management may spend a portion or all of the net proceeds from this offering in ways that our stockholders may not desire or that may not yield a favorable return. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.

 

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We intend to retain any earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our common stock if the market price of our common stock increases.

 

If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will experience substantial and immediate dilution.

 

If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will experience substantial and immediate dilution in the pro forma net tangible book value per share of $7.31 per share, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $9.50 per share, which is the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, because the price that you pay will be substantially greater than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of the common stock that you acquire. This dilution is due in large part to the fact that our earlier investors paid substantially less than the initial public offering price when they purchased their shares of our capital stock. You will experience additional dilution upon the exercise of options to purchase common stock under our equity incentive

plans, if we issue restricted stock to our employees under these plans or if we otherwise issue additional shares of our common stock.

 

Our charter documents and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover that stockholders consider favorable and could also limit the market price of our stock.

 

Upon the completion of this offering, provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws and applicable provisions of Delaware law may make it more difficult for or prevent a third party from acquiring control of us without the approval of our board of directors. These provisions:

 

 

In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law generally limits our ability to engage in any business combination with certain persons who own 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock or any of our associates or affiliates who at any time in the past three years have owned 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock. These provisions may have the effect of entrenching our management team and may deprive you of the opportunity to sell your shares to potential acquirers at a premium over prevailing prices. This potential inability to obtain a control premium could reduce the price of our common stock.

 

Please see “Description of Capital Stock — Anti-takeover Provisions” for a more detailed description of these provisions.

 

This prospectus, particularly in the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business,” contains forward-looking statements that are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding our future financial position, the statements under the caption “Our Strategy” in the “Prospectus Summary” section, the statements under the caption “Our Strategy” in the “Business” section, other statements regarding our strategies for growth and current development initiatives, statement regarding planned expenditures, including capital expenditures, expansion of our research and development, sales and marketing and support organizations, and statements regarding other aspects of our business strategy, and plans and objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “believe,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” or “potential,” the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

 

Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. Before investing in our common stock, investors should be aware that the occurrence of the events described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

 

This prospectus also contains statistical data and estimates, including those relating to market size and growth rates of the markets in which we participate, that we obtained from industry publications and reports generated by Gartner, Inc. and Nemertes Research Inc. These publications generally indicate that they have obtained their information from sources they believe to be reliable, but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of their information. Although we believe the publications are reliable, we have not independently verified their data.

 

You should read this prospectus and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed with the SEC as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of $67.6 million from our sale of the 7,900,000 shares of common stock offered by us in this offering, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $9.50 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. If the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full, we estimate that our net proceeds will be approximately $78.1 million. Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $9.50 per share would increase or decrease the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $7.3 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us.

 

The principal purposes of this offering are to increase public awareness of our company and improve our competitive position, obtain additional capital, create a public market for our common stock and facilitate our future access to the public equity markets. We anticipate that we will use the net proceeds received by us from this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes. We may use up to $5.0 million of the net proceeds of this offering to acquire technology from an unrelated third party that we expect will extend and enhance the functionality of our existing products. In addition, we may use a portion of the proceeds of this offering for other possible acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies or other assets. We have no current agreements or commitments with respect to any material acquisitions.

 

We currently have no specific plans for the use of the net proceeds to us from this offering. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the amount of cash used in or generated by our operations, sales and marketing activities and competitive pressures. We therefore cannot estimate the amount of the net proceeds to be used for any of the purposes described above.

 

Pending the uses described above, we intend to invest the net proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock sold by us in this offering in short-term, interest bearing, investment grade securities. We cannot predict whether the net proceeds will yield a favorable return.

 

DIVIDEND POLICY

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to support our operations and finance the growth and development of our business. We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of our current line of credit prohibits the payment of cash dividends without the lender’s consent.

 

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of March 31, 2007:

 

 

You should read this table together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes, each included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

 

 

The information in the preceding page excludes:

 

 

 

 

 

 

If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our common stock and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our outstanding common stock immediately after completion of this offering.

 

As of March 31, 2007, we had a pro forma net tangible book value of $22.5 million, or $0.68 per share of common stock outstanding. Pro forma net tangible book value per share is equal to our total tangible assets (total assets less intangible assets) less total liabilities, divided by the pro forma number of outstanding shares of our common stock, which gives effect to (1) the conversion of all outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock upon the completion of this offering and (2) the reclassification of the preferred stock warrant liability reflected on our consolidated balance sheet to common stock upon conversion of warrants to purchase shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock into warrants to purchase shares of our common stock upon the completion of this offering.

 

Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the amount per share paid by investors in this offering and pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after the completion of this offering. After giving effect to the sale of 7,900,000 shares of common stock offered by us under this prospectus at an assumed public offering price of $9.50 per share, which is the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2007 would have been approximately $90.2 million, or approximately $2.19 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $1.51 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of $7.31 per share to new investors purchasing shares in this offering. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:

 

 

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed public offering price of $9.50 per share would increase or decrease, respectively, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after giving effect to this offering by $7.3 million and correspondingly decrease or increase, respectively, the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering by $0.18 per share, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us.

 

The following table shows, as of March 31, 2007, the number of shares of common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price paid per share by existing stockholders and by new investors purchasing common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $9.50 per share, which is the

midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and before deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

 

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $9.50 per share would increase or decrease, respectively, the total consideration paid by new investors and total consideration paid by all stockholders by $7.9 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us.

 

If the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase up to 1,185,000 additional shares from us in this offering, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2007 will be $2.37, representing an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering of $1.70 to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution per share to new investors in this offering of $7.13. If the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full, our existing stockholders would own 78.6% and our new investors would own 21.4% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering.

 

The information in the tables above excludes:

 

 

 

 

 

 

To the extent that any options or warrants are exercised, new options or shares of common stock are issued under our 2007 equity incentive plan or our 2007 employee stock purchase plan or we issue additional shares of common stock in the future, there will be further dilution to investors participating in this offering.

 

The following table assumes the exercise of all options and warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2007:

 

 

 

 

The following tables summarize our selected consolidated financial data. The consolidated statements of operations data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2005 and 2006 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2002, 2003 and 2004 and the consolidated statements of operations data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2002 and 2003 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are not included in this prospectus. The consolidated statements of operations data for the nine-month periods ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2007 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited financial statements contained in this prospectus and include, in the opinion of management, all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, that management considers necessary for the fair presentation of the financial information set forth in those financial statements. You should read this data together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in any future period.

 

 

(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

 

 

 

(2) See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for a description of the method used to compute basic and diluted net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders, which gives effect to the 1-for-10 reverse split of our outstanding common stock prior to the closing of this offering.

 

(3) See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for a description of the method used to compute basic and diluted net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders. Unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net income per share available to common shareholders have been computed to give effect to the 1-for-10 reverse split of our outstanding common stock prior to the closing of this offering and the assumed conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock upon the closing of this offering on an if-converted basis for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2006 and the nine-month period ended March 31, 2007.

 

 

 

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed above in the section entitled “Risk Factors.” We report results on a fiscal year ending June 30. For ease of reference within this section, 2006 refers to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2006, 2005 refers to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2005 and 2004 refers to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2004. The consolidated financial data as of and for the nine-month periods ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 are derived from financial statements that are unaudited.

 

Overview

 

We are a leading provider of IP telecommunications solutions for enterprises. Our solution is comprised of our ShoreGear switches, ShorePhone IP phones and ShoreWare software applications. We were founded in September 1996 and shipped our first system in 1998. We have continued to develop and enhance our product line since that time. We currently offer nine models of our switches and five models of our IP phones.

 

We sell our products primarily through channel partners that market and sell our systems to enterprises across all industries, including to small, medium and large companies and public institutions. We believe our channel strategy allows us to reach a larger number of prospective enterprise customers more effectively than if we were to sell directly. The number of our authorized channel partners has more than doubled since June 30, 2004 to more than 400 as of March 31, 2007, including 30 in Europe. Channel partners typically purchase our products directly from us. Our internal sales and marketing personnel support these channel partners in their selling efforts. In some circumstances, the enterprise customer will purchase products directly from us, but in these situations we typically compensate the channel partner for its sales efforts. At the request of the channel partner, we often ship our products directly to the enterprise customer.

 

Our channel partners generally perform installation and implementation services for the enterprises that use our systems. In most cases, our channel partners provide the post-contractual support to the enterprise customer by providing first-level support services and purchasing additional services from us under a post-contractual support contract. For channel partners without support capabilities or that do not desire to provide support, we offer full support contracts to provide all of the support to enterprise customers.

 

We outsource the manufacturing of our products to contract manufacturers. Our outsourced manufacturing model allows us to scale our business without the significant capital investment and on-going expenses required to establish and maintain a manufacturing operation. Our switch products are manufactured by a contract manufacturer in San Jose, California and our phone products are manufactured by a contract manufacturer in China. Our contract manufacturers provide us with a range of operational and manufacturing services, including component procurement and final testing and assembly of our products. We work closely with our contract manufacturers to manage the cost of components, since our total manufacturing costs are directly tied to component costs. We regularly provide forecasts to our contract manufacturers, and we order products from our contract manufacturers based on our projected sales levels. We seek to maintain sufficient levels of finished goods inventory to meet our forecasted product sales with limited levels of inventory to compensate for unanticipated shifts in sales volume and product mix.

 

Although we have historically sold our systems primarily to small and medium sized enterprises, we have recently begun to expand our sales and marketing activities to increase our focus on larger enterprise customers. Accordingly, we have implemented a major accounts program whereby our sales personnel assist our channel partners to sell to large enterprise accounts, and we coordinate with our channel partners to enable them to better serve large multi-site enterprises. To the extent we are successful in penetrating larger enterprise customers, we expect that the sales cycle for our products will increase, and that the demands on our sales and support infrastructure will also increase.

We are headquartered in Sunnyvale, California and the majority of our personnel work at this location. Sales and support personnel are located throughout the United States and, to a lesser extent, in the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain and Australia. While we expanded our operations to Europe in 2005 and to the Asia Pacific region in 2006, most of our enterprise customers are located in the United States. Revenue from international sales has been 3% or less of our total revenue for 2004, 2005, 2006 and the nine-month period ended March 31, 2007, respectively. Although we intend to focus on increasing international sales, we expect that sales to enterprise customers in the United States will continue to comprise the significant majority of our sales.

 

We have experienced significant growth in recent periods, with our total revenue growing from $18.8 million for 2004 to $61.6 million for 2006. This growth in revenue has largely been driven by increased demand for IP telecommunications systems from new enterprise customers, as well as sales of additional products to our installed enterprise customer base. Our operating expenses have also increased significantly from $15.7 million for 2004 to $30.4 million for 2006. This growth in operating expenses has primarily been driven by our growth in headcount, from 76 employees at June 30, 2004 to 174 employees at June 30, 2006, and to 250 employees at March 31, 2007. We expect to continue to add personnel in all functional areas, including additional sales and support personnel. However, we expect our total headcount to grow at a slower rate as compared to recent periods.

 

 

Operating expense management.   To date, we have managed our operating expenses so that they have generally increased at a slower rate than our revenue growth, and we intend to continue to do so in the future. Our operating expenses are comprised primarily of compensation and benefits for our employees and, therefore, the increase in operating expenses has been related to increases in our headcount. We intend to expand our workforce to support our anticipated growth, and therefore our ability to forecast revenue is critical to managing our operating expenses.

 

Basis of Presentation

 

Revenue.   We derive our revenue from sales of our IP telecommunications systems and related support and services. Our typical system includes a combination of IP phones, switches and software applications. Channel partners buy our products directly from us. Prices to a given channel partner for hardware and software products depend on that channel partner’s volume and customer satisfaction metrics, as well as our own strategic considerations. In circumstances where we sell directly to the enterprise customer in transactions that have been assisted by channel partners, we report our revenue net of any associated payment to the channel partners that assisted in such sales. This results in recognized revenue from a direct sale approximating the revenue that would have been recognized from a sale of a comparable system through a channel partner. Product revenue has accounted for 88%, 90%, 90% and 89% of our total revenue for 2004, 2005, 2006 and the nine-month period ended March 31, 2007, respectively.

 

Support and services revenue primarily consists of post-contractual support, and to a lesser extent revenue from training services and installations that we perform. Post-contractual support includes software updates which grant rights to unspecified software license upgrades and maintenance releases issued during the support period. Post-contractual support also includes both Internet- and phone-based technical support. Post-contractual support revenue is recognized ratably over the contractual service period.

 

Cost of revenue.   Cost of product revenue consists primarily of hardware costs, royalties and license fees for third-party software included in our systems, salary and related overhead costs of operations personnel, freight, warranty costs and provision for excess inventory. The majority of these costs vary with the unit volumes of product sold. Cost of support and services revenue consists of salary and related overhead costs of personnel engaged in support and services, and hence is substantially fixed in the near term.

 

Research and development expenses.   Research and development expenses primarily include personnel costs, outside engineering costs, professional services, prototype costs, test equipment, software usage fees and allocated facilities expenses. Research and development expenses are recognized when incurred. We are devoting substantial resources to the development of additional functionality for existing products and the development of new products and related software applications. We intend to continue to make significant investments in our research and development efforts because we believe they are essential to maintaining and improving our competitive position. Accordingly, we expect research and development expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars.

 

Sales and marketing expenses.   Sales and marketing expenses primarily include personnel costs, sales commissions, travel, marketing promotional and lead generation programs, trade shows, professional services fees and allocated facilities expenses. We plan to continue to invest in development of our distribution channel by increasing the size of our field sales force and the number of our channel partners to enable us to expand into new geographies, including Europe and Asia Pacific, and further increase our sales to large enterprises. In conjunction with channel growth, we plan to increase the investment in our training and support of channel partners to enable them to more effectively sell our products. We also plan to continue investing in our domestic and international marketing activities to help build brand awareness and create sales leads for our channel partners. We expect that sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars and remain our largest operating expense category.

 

General and administrative expenses.   General and administrative expenses relate to our executive, finance, human resources and information technology organizations. Expenses primarily include personnel costs, professional fees for legal, accounting, tax, compliance and information systems, travel, bad debt expense and allocated facilities expenses. We expect that in connection with and following this offering, we will incur significant additional accounting, legal and compliance costs as well as additional insurance, investor relations and other costs

associated with being a public company. In addition, as we expand our business, we expect to increase our general and administrative expenses.

 

In May 2007, we entered into a new lease for our existing headquarters facility that extends until October 2009. In addition, in May 2007, we executed a new two-year lease for additional operational space in another location near our corporate headquarters that expires in September 2009. As a result of these new leases, our operating lease obligations will increase significantly beginning in June 2007.

 

Other income (expense).   Other income (expense) primarily consists of interest earned on cash balances and the change in fair value of preferred stock warrants.

 

Income tax provision.   Income tax provision includes federal, state and foreign tax on our income. From inception through 2005 we accumulated substantial net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We fully reserved the deferred tax asset from these losses and tax credits on our financial statements. We were profitable in 2006 and had an effective tax rate of approximately 5% in 2006, as a result of utilizing portions of the deferred tax asset and reducing the related valuation allowance.

 

Our effective tax rate for the nine-month period ended March 31, 2007 was 7%. Our effective tax rate for the remainder of 2007 is dependent upon a number of factors, including the extent of the impact from stock-based compensation and the extent of possible limitations on our ability to use net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We believe we have had multiple ownership changes, as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, due to significant stock transactions in previous years, which may limit the future realization of our net operating losses and we are currently analyzing these ownership changes to determine the limitations on our ability to utilize our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code in future periods. At June 30, 2006, we had approximately $84.4 million and $44.6 million of net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state purposes, respectively. Based on estimates prepared to date, we believe the provisions of Section 382 could result in the forfeiture of approximately $72 million of net operating losses for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We believe there could also be an impact on our ability to utilize California net operating loss carryforwards and our research and development tax credit carryforwards. As our analysis is incomplete, these estimates are uncertain. After fiscal 2007, we anticipate our effective tax rate will increase due to these limitations on our ability to utilize net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, and the extent of the impact from stock-based compensation.

 

 

(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows: