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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2009
Registration No. 333-      
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
 
ENDOLOGIX, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
  68-0328265
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
11 Studebaker, Irvine, California 92618
(949) 595-7200

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
 
John McDermott
Chief Executive Officer
Endologix, Inc.
11 Studebaker, Irvine, California 92618
(949) 595-7200

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copy to
:
Lawrence B. Cohn
Michael A. Hedge
Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth
660 Newport Center Drive, Suite 1600
Newport Beach, California 92660
(949) 725-4000
     Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement .
     If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.  o
     If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.  þ
     If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
     If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
     If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o
     If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
             
Large accelerated filer o     Accelerated filer þ     Non-accelerated filer  o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o  
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
                 
 
        Proposed Maximum     Amount of  
        Aggregate Offering     Registration Fee  
  Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered (1)     Price (2)     (3)  
 
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
         
 
Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share
         
 
Debt Securities
         
 
Warrants
         
 
Total
    $50,000,000     $2,790  
 
(1)   There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities, and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $50,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $50,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. This registration statement also registers such indeterminate amount of securities as may be issued upon conversion of, or in exchange for, the securities registered and, pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), such indeterminable number of shares as may be issued from time to time upon conversion or exchange as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.
 
(2)   The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.
 
(3)   Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act, based on the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the securities listed.
      The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission acting pursuant to said Section  8(a) , may determine.
 
 

 


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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the Securities and Exchange Commission declares our registration statement effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion, dated May 8, 2009
(ENDOLOGIX LOGO)
$50,000,000
COMMON STOCK
PREFERRED STOCK
DEBT SECURITIES
WARRANTS
 
     This prospectus relates to common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, and warrants for debt or equity securities that we may sell from time to time in one or more transactions. The aggregate public offering price of the securities we may sell in these transactions will not exceed $50,000,000. We will provide the specific terms and conditions of these transactions and the securities we may sell in supplements to this prospectus prepared in connection with each transaction. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to other listings, if any, on The NASDAQ Global Market or any securities exchange of the securities covered by the prospectus supplement. Any such prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information in this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. You should read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses, as well as the documents incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus, carefully before you invest. This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
     Our principal executive offices are located at 11 Studebaker, Irvine, California, 92618, and our telephone number is (949) 595-7200.
     Our common stock currently is traded on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “ELGX.” On May 7, 2009, the closing price of our common stock was $2.28 per share.
      Investing in these securities involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in these securities, you should consider carefully the risks that we have described on page 2 of this prospectus under the caption “ Risk Factors.” We may also include specific risk factors in supplements to this prospectus under the caption “Risk Factors.”
     These securities may be sold directly by us to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers. For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. If any underwriters are involved in the sale of these securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such underwriters and any applicable commissions or discounts and over-allotment options will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds that we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.
 
      Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of our common stock or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense .
 

The date of this prospectus is                      ___, 2009.

 


 

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
     This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may, from time to time, sell common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and warrants for debt and equity securities in one or more transactions. The aggregate public offering price of the securities we sell in these transactions will not exceed $50,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may sell in these transactions. Each time we sell any securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement also may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings.
     This prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement we filed with the SEC. For further information about us or the securities offered hereby, you should carefully read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectuses, the information and documents incorporated herein by reference and the additional information under the heading “Where You Can Find Additional Information” before making an investment decision.
     You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses that we may authorize to be provided to you. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus and the accompanying supplement to this prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses, as well as information we have previously filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference, is accurate only as of the date on the cover of those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
     This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of any of these securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement. To the extent there are inconsistencies between any prospectus supplement, this prospectus and/or any documents incorporated by reference, the document with the most recent date will control.
ABOUT ENDOLOGIX, INC.
     We develop, manufacture, market and sell innovative treatments for aortic disorders. Our principle product, the Powerlink ® System is a minimally invasive device for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm, or AAA. AAA is a weakening of the wall of the aorta, the largest artery of the body. Once AAA develops, it continues to enlarge and if left untreated becomes increasingly susceptible to rupture. The overall patient mortality rate for ruptured AAAs is approximately 75%, making it a leading cause of death in the United States today.
     The Powerlink System is a catheter and endoluminal stent graft, or ELG, system. The device consists of a self-expanding cobalt chromium alloy stent cage covered by ePTFE, a common surgical graft material. The Powerlink ELG is implanted in the abdominal aorta, which is accessed through the femoral artery. Once the Powerlink ELG is deployed into its proper position, blood flow is shunted away from the weakened or “aneurismal” section of the aorta, reducing pressure and the potential for the aorta to rupture. Our clinical trials demonstrated that implantation of our products reduces the mortality and morbidity rates associated with conventional AAA surgery, and provides a clinical alternative for many patients who could not undergo conventional surgery. Sales of our Powerlink System in the United States, Europe, Japan, and Latin America is the primary source of our reported revenues.
     More comprehensive information about our products and us is available through our website at www.endologix.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Our main offices are located at 11 Studebaker, Irvine, California, 92618, and our telephone number is (949) 595-7200.

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RISK FACTORS
     Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, or any updates in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, together with all of the other information appearing in this prospectus or incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, in light of your particular investment objectives and financial circumstances. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
     This prospectus, any prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectuses and the documents incorporated by reference herein include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are those that predict or describe future events or trends and that do not relate solely to historical matters. You can generally identify forward-looking statements as statements containing the words “believe,” “expect,” “will,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “assume” or other similar expressions, or negatives of those expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. All statements contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses regarding our future strategy, future operations, projected financial position, estimated future revenues, projected costs, future prospects, the future of our industries and results that might be obtained by pursuing management’s current plans and objectives are forward-looking statements.
     You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements because the matters they describe are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other unpredictable factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our forward-looking statements are based on the information currently available to us and speak only as of the date on the cover of this prospectus, the date of any prospectus supplement, the date of any related free writing prospectus or, in the case of forward-looking statements incorporated by reference, as of the date of the filing that includes the statement. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict these matters or how they may affect us. Over time, our actual results, performance or achievements will likely differ from the anticipated results, performance or achievements that are expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements, and such difference might be significant and materially adverse to our security holders. We do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to update any forward-looking statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any statements to reflect new information or future events or developments.
     We have identified some of the important factors that could cause future events to differ from our current expectations and they are described in this prospectus and supplements to this prospectus under the caption “Risk Factors” as well as in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, including, without limitation, under the captions “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in other documents that we may file with the SEC, all of which you should review carefully. Please consider our forward-looking statements in light of those risks as you read this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
     Our earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges in each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2008 and in the three months ended March 31, 2009. For the periods indicated in the foregoing sentence, we had no outstanding shares of preferred stock with required dividend payments. Our deficiency of earnings available to cover fixed charges for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 and the three months ended March 31, 2009 was, in each case, $(11,992,000), $(15,075,000), $(17,543,000), $(15,518,000), $(9,683,000) and ($1,177,000), respectively. Since earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges for the five-year period ended December 31, 2008 and the three months ended March 31, 2009, we are unable to provide ratios of earnings to fixed charges for each respective period.

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USE OF PROCEEDS
     We will retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from the sale of any of the securities offered under this prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated in any applicable prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectuses in connection with a specific offering, we intend to use any net proceeds from the sale of such securities for our operations and for other general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, working capital, development of our products, strategic acquisitions and other transactions, and other general corporate purposes. Pending our use of the net proceeds as described above, we intend to invest the net proceeds in investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK WE MAY OFFER
General
     Our authorized capital stock consists of 60,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of May 5, 2009, there were 43,895,449 shares of common stock outstanding and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
     The following description of our common stock and preferred stock, together with the additional information included in any applicable prospectus supplements or related free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of these types of securities, but it is not complete. For the complete terms of our common stock and preferred stock, please refer to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, and our amended and restated bylaws that are incorporated by reference into the registration statement which includes this prospectus and, with respect to preferred stock, any certificate of designation that we may file with the SEC for a series of preferred stock we may designate, if any.
     We will describe in a prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectuses, the specific terms of any common stock or preferred stock we may offer pursuant to this prospectus. If indicated in a prospectus supplement, the terms of such common stock or preferred stock may differ from the terms described below.
Common Stock
     The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. The holders of common stock are not entitled to cumulative voting rights with respect to the election of directors, and as a consequence, minority stockholders will not be able to elect directors on the basis of their votes alone.
     Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us, holders of the common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any then outstanding shares of preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive rights and no right to convert their common stock into any other securities. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are, and all shares of common stock to be issued under this prospectus will be, fully paid and non-assessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any of our outstanding preferred stock.
     Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “ELGX.” The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer and Trust Company.
Dividends
     We have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Preferred Stock
     Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, provides that our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of a series and to determine or alter for each series or designation of a series the voting powers, if any, and the designations, preferences, and relative, participating, optional, or other rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, of any series or the designation of a series. It is not possible to state the actual effect of the issuance of any shares of preferred stock upon the rights of holders of the common stock until the board of directors determines the specific rights of the

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holders of this preferred stock. However, the effects might include, among other things: restricting dividends on the common stock; diluting the voting power of the common stock; impairing the liquidation rights of the common stock; or delaying or preventing a change in control of our company without further action by the stockholders.
     Prior to the issuance of shares of each series of preferred stock, the board of directors is required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the DGCL, and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, to adopt resolutions and file a certificate of designation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The certificate of designation fixes for each class or series of preferred stock the rights, preferences, and privileges of such class or series.
     Whenever preferred stock is to be sold pursuant to this prospectus, we will file a prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectuses relating to that sale which will specify:
    the title and stated value of the preferred stock;
 
    the number of shares of the preferred stock offered, the liquidation preference per share and the offering price of the preferred stock;
 
    the dividend rate, period and payment date and method of calculation for dividends;
 
    whether dividends are cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends on the preferred stock will accumulate;
 
    the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;
 
    the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, for the preferred stock;
 
    any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange;
 
    the provision for redemption, if applicable, of the preferred stock;
 
    the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred stock will be convertible into any other class or classes of capital stock, including the conversion price or manner of calculation and conversion period;
 
    voting rights, if any, of the preferred stock;
 
    preemption rights, if any;
 
    discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;
 
    the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs;
 
    any limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and
 
    any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the preferred stock.

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     The DGCL provides that the holders of preferred stock will have the right to vote separately as a class on any proposed fundamental change in the rights of the preferred stock. This right is in addition to any voting rights that may be provided for in the applicable certificate of designation.
     All shares of preferred stock offered by this prospectus will, when issued, be fully paid and nonassessable and will not have any preemptive or similar rights.
     Our board of directors could authorize the issuance of additional shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction that might involve a premium price for holders of the shares, or that holders might believe to be in their best interests.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
     As a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, we are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, which restricts our ability to enter into business combinations with an interested stockholder or a stockholder owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, or that stockholder’s affiliates or associates, for a period of three years. These restrictions do not apply if:
    prior to becoming an interested stockholder, our board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction in which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder;
 
    upon consummation of the transaction in which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owns at least 85% of our voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, subject to exceptions; or
 
    on or after the date a stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, the business combination is both approved by our board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock not owned by the interested stockholder.
     Each of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, and amended and restated bylaws also include a number of other provisions that may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying or preventing changes in control or our management. First, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, and amended and restated bylaws provide for a classified board of directors comprised of three classes of directors with each class serving a staggered three-year term. Under Delaware law, directors of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our amended and restated certificate of corporation, as amended, does not provide otherwise. Second, our amended and restated bylaws provide that all stockholder action must be effected at a duly called meeting of stockholders and not by a consent in writing. Third, our amended and restated bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to present proposals before a meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at a meeting of stockholders must provide timely notice in writing. Our amended and restated bylaws also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions may delay or preclude stockholders from bringing matters before a meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at a meeting of stockholders, which could delay or deter takeover attempts or changes in management. Fourth, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, provides that all vacancies, including newly created directorships, may, except as otherwise required by law, be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of our directors then in office, even if less than a quorum. Fifth, our board of directors has the authority to issue preferred stock, which could potentially be used to discourage attempts by third parties to obtain control of us through a merger, tender offer, proxy or consent solicitation or otherwise, by making those attempts more difficult to achieve or more costly.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER
     This prospectus describes the general terms and provisions of our debt securities. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will provide the specific terms of the series in a prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses relating to the series, including any pricing supplement. Accordingly, for a description of the terms of any series of debt securities, you must refer to the prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectuses relating to that series and the description of the debt securities in this prospectus. To the extent the information contained in the prospectus supplement differs from this summary description, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.
     The debt securities offered by this prospectus will be issued under an indenture between us and the trustee, for one or more series of debt securities designated in the applicable prospectus supplement. The indenture is subject to, and governed by, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. We incorporate by reference the form of indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and you should read the indenture carefully for the provisions that may be important to you. We have summarized selected portions of the indenture below. The summary is not complete. Terms used in the summary and not defined in this prospectus have the meanings specified in the indenture.
General
     We may offer under this prospectus up to $50,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of secured or unsecured debt securities, or if debt securities are issued at a discount, or in a foreign currency or composite currency, such principal amount as may be sold for an initial public offering price of up to $50,000,000. The debt securities may be either senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities.
     We can issue an unlimited amount of debt securities under the indenture that may be in one or more series with the same or various maturities, at par, at a premium or at a discount. The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and detailed or determined in the manner provided in a board of directors’ resolution, an officers’ certificate or by a supplemental indenture.
     We will set forth in a prospectus supplement (including any pricing supplement) and any free writing prospectuses relating to any series of debt securities being offered, the initial offering price, the aggregate principal amount and the following terms of the debt securities:
    the title of the debt securities;
 
    the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount) at which we will sell the debt securities;
 
    any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;
 
    the date or dates on which we will pay the principal on the debt securities;
 
    the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;
 
    the place or places where the principal of, premium, and interest on the debt securities will be payable;
 
    the terms and conditions upon which we may redeem the debt securities;

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    any obligation we have to redeem or purchase the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a holder of debt securities;
 
    the dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase the debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these repurchase obligations;
 
    the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;
 
    whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities;
 
    the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount;
 
    the currency of denomination of the debt securities;
 
    the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made;
 
    if payments of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined;
 
    the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies other than that in which the debt securities are denominated or designated to be payable or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;
 
    any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities;
 
    any subordination provisions relating to the debt securities;
 
    any addition to or change in the events of default described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration provisions described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;
 
    any addition to or change in the covenants described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;
 
    any other terms of the debt securities, which may modify or delete any provision of the indenture as it applies to that series; and
 
    any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities.
     We may issue debt securities that are exchangeable and/or convertible into shares of our common stock. The terms, if any, on which the debt securities may be exchanged for and/or converted will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses. Such terms may include provisions for conversion, either mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option, in which case the number of shares of common stock or other securities to be received by the holders of debt securities would be calculated as of a time and in the manner stated in the prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses.

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     We may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the federal income tax considerations and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses.
     If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections, general tax considerations, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses.
Transfer and Exchange
     Each debt security will be represented by either one or more global securities registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company, as depositary, or a nominee of the depositary (we will refer to any debt security represented by a global debt security as a book-entry debt security), or a certificate issued in definitive registered form (we will refer to any debt security represented by a certificated security as a certificated debt security), as described in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses. Except as described under “Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System” below, book-entry debt securities will not be issuable in certificated form.
      Certificated Debt Securities . You may transfer or exchange certificated debt securities at the trustee’s office or paying agencies in accordance with the terms of the indenture. No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of certificated debt securities, but we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with a transfer or exchange.
     You may transfer certificated debt securities and the right to receive the principal of, premium and interest on, certificated debt securities only by surrendering the old certificate representing those certificated debt securities and either we or the trustee will reissue the old certificate to the new holder or we or the trustee will issue a new certificate to the new holder.
      Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System . Each global debt security representing book-entry debt securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, the depositary, and registered in the name of the depositary or a nominee of the depositary.
     We will require the depositary to agree to follow the following procedures with respect to book-entry debt securities.
     Ownership of beneficial interests in book-entry debt securities will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for the related global debt security, whom we refer to as participants, or persons that may hold interests through participants. Upon the issuance of a global debt security, the depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the respective principal amounts of the book-entry debt securities represented by the global debt security beneficially owned by such participants. The accounts to be credited will be designated by any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the book-entry debt securities. Ownership of book-entry debt securities will be shown on, and the transfer of the ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for the related global debt security (with respect to interests of participants) and on the records of participants (with respect to interests of persons holding through participants). The laws of some states may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in book-entry debt securities.
     So long as the depositary for a global debt security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of that global debt security, the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the book-entry debt securities represented by such global debt security for all purposes under the indenture. Except as

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described herein, beneficial owners of book-entry debt securities will not be entitled to have securities registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of a certificate in definitive form representing securities and will not be considered the owners or holders of those securities under the indenture. Accordingly, to exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture, each person beneficially owning book-entry debt securities must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the related global debt security and, if that person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which that person owns its interest.
     We will make payments of principal of, and premium and interest on, book-entry debt securities to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered holder of the related global debt security. We, the trustee and any other agent of ours or agent of the trustee will not have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in a global debt security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
     We expect that the depositary, upon receipt of any payment of principal of, premium or interest on, a global debt security, will immediately credit participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to the respective amounts of book-entry debt securities held by each participant as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in book-entry debt securities held through those participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of those participants.
     We will issue certificated debt securities in exchange for each global debt security if the depositary is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and a successor depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act is not appointed by us within 90 days. In addition, we may at any time and in our sole discretion determine not to have any of the book-entry debt securities of any series represented by one or more global debt securities and, in that event, we will issue certificated debt securities in exchange for the global debt securities of that series. Global debt securities will also be exchangeable by the holders for certificated debt securities if an event of default with respect to the book-entry debt securities represented by those global debt securities has occurred and is continuing. Any certificated debt securities issued in exchange for a global debt security will be registered in such name or names as the depositary shall instruct the trustee. We expect that such instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of book-entry debt securities relating to such global debt security.
     We have obtained the foregoing information in this section concerning the depositary and the depositary’s book-entry system from sources we believe to be reliable. We take no responsibility for the depositary’s performance of its obligations under the rules and regulations governing its operations.
No Protection in the Event of a Change in Control
     Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses, the debt securities will not contain any provisions which may afford holders of the debt securities protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction results in a change in control) that could adversely affect holders of debt securities.
Covenants
     We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses any restrictive covenants applicable to an issue of debt securities.
Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets
     We may not consolidate with or merge into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and assets to, any person, such person to be referred to as a “successor person”, and we may not permit any person to merge into, or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to us, unless:

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    the successor person is a corporation, partnership, trust or other entity organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture;
 
    immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no event of default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an event of default, shall have occurred and be continuing under the indenture; and
 
    certain other conditions are met.
Events of Default
     “Event of default” means, with respect to any series of debt securities, any of the following:
    default in the payment of any interest upon any debt security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of that default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by us with the trustee or with a paying agent prior to the expiration of the 30-day period);
 
    default in the payment of principal of or premium on any debt security of that series when due and payable;
 
    default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due in respect of any debt security of that series;
 
    default in the performance or breach of any other covenant or warranty by us in the indenture (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in the indenture solely for the benefit of a series of debt securities other than that series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after we receive written notice from the trustee or we and the trustee receive written notice from the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series as provided in the indenture;
 
    certain events of our bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization; and
 
    any other event of default provided with respect to debt securities of that series that is described in the applicable prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus.
     No event of default with respect to a particular series of debt securities (except as to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization) necessarily constitutes an event of default with respect to any other series of debt securities. An event of default may also be an event of default under our bank credit agreements or other debt securities in existence from time to time and under certain guaranties by us of any subsidiary indebtedness. In addition, certain events of default or an acceleration under the indenture may also be an event of default under some of our other indebtedness outstanding from time to time.
     If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than certain events of our bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization), then the trustee or the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, by written notice to us (and to the trustee if given by the holders), declare to be due and payable immediately the principal (or, if the debt securities of that series are discount securities, that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, of all debt securities of that series. In the case of an event of default resulting from certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, the principal (or such specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, of all outstanding debt securities will become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act by the trustee or any holder of outstanding debt securities. At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to debt securities of any series has been made, but before the trustee has obtained a judgment or decree for payment of the money due, the holders of a majority in

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principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, subject to our having paid or deposited with the trustee a sum sufficient to pay overdue interest and principal which has become due other than by acceleration and certain other conditions, rescind and annul such acceleration if all events of default, other than the non-payment of accelerated principal and interest, if any, with respect to debt securities of that series, have been cured or waived as provided in the indenture. For information as to waiver of defaults see the discussion under “Modification and Waiver” below. We refer you to the applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectuses relating to any series of debt securities that are discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of a portion of the principal amount of the discount securities upon the occurrence of an event of default and the continuation of an event of default.
     The indenture provides that the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture at the request of any holder of outstanding debt securities, unless the trustee receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. Subject to certain rights of the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series.
     No holder of any debt security of any series will have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to the indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any remedy under the indenture, unless:
    that holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing event of default with respect to debt securities of that series; and
 
    the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and offered reasonable indemnity, to the trustee to institute such proceeding as trustee, and the trustee shall not have received from the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series a direction inconsistent with that request and has failed to institute the proceeding within 60 days.
     Notwithstanding the foregoing, the holder of any debt security will have an absolute and unconditional right to receive payment of the principal of, premium and any interest on that debt security on or after the due dates expressed in that debt security and to institute suit for the enforcement of payment.
     The indenture requires us, within 90 days after the end of our fiscal year, to furnish to the trustee a certificate as to compliance with the indenture. The indenture provides that the trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any series of any default or event of default (except in payment on any debt securities of that series) with respect to debt securities of that series if it in good faith determines that withholding notice is in the interest of the holders of those debt securities.
Modification and Waiver
     We and the trustee may modify and amend the indenture with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series affected by the modifications or amendments. We and the trustee may not make any modification or amendment without the consent of the holder of each affected debt security then outstanding if that amendment will:
    change the amount of debt securities whose holders must consent to an amendment or waiver;
 
    reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any debt security;
 
    reduce the principal of or premium on or change the fixed maturity of any debt security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation with respect to any series of debt securities;

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    reduce the principal amount of discount securities payable upon acceleration of maturity;
 
    waive a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on any debt security (except a rescission of acceleration of the debt securities of any series by the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of that series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from that acceleration);
 
    make the principal of or premium or interest on any debt security payable in currency other than that stated in the debt security;
 
    make any change to certain provisions of the indenture relating to, among other things, the right of holders of debt securities to receive payment of the principal of, premium and interest on those debt securities, the right of holders to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment or the right of holders to waive past defaults or to amend the limitations described in this bullet point; or
 
    waive a redemption payment with respect to any debt security or change any of the provisions with respect to the redemption of any debt securities.
     Except for certain specified provisions, the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may, on behalf of the holders of all debt securities of that series, waive our compliance with provisions of the indenture. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may, on behalf of the holders of all the debt securities of that series, waive any past default under the indenture with respect to that series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or any interest on any debt security of that series; provided, however, that the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from the acceleration.
Defeasance of Debt Securities and Certain Covenants in Certain Circumstances
      Legal Defeasance . The indenture provides that, unless the terms of the applicable series of debt securities provide otherwise, we may be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities of any series (except for certain obligations to register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series, to replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series, and to maintain paying agencies and certain provisions relating to the treatment of funds held by paying agents). We will be so discharged upon the deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. dollars, foreign government obligations (as described at the end of this section), that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants to pay and discharge each installment of principal, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of such payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities.
     This discharge may occur only if, among other things, we have delivered to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel stating that we have received from, or there has been published by, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service a ruling or, since the date of execution of the indenture, there has been a change in the applicable U.S. federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that holders of the debt securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred.
      Defeasance of Certain Covenants . The indenture provides that, unless the terms of the applicable series of debt securities provide otherwise, upon compliance with certain conditions, we may omit to comply with the restrictive covenants contained in the indenture, as well as any additional covenants contained in a supplement to the indenture, a board resolution or an officers’ certificate delivered pursuant to the indenture. The conditions include:

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    depositing with the trustee money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. dollars, foreign government obligations, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants to pay principal, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities; and
 
    delivering to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and related covenant defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit and related covenant defeasance had not occurred.
      Covenant Defeasance and Events of Default . In the event we exercise our option, as described above, not to comply with certain covenants of the indenture with respect to any series of debt securities and the debt securities of that series are declared due and payable because of the occurrence of any event of default, the amount of money and/or U.S. government obligations or foreign government obligations on deposit with the trustee will be sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities of that series at the time of their stated maturity but may not be sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities of that series at the time of the acceleration resulting from the event of default. However, we will remain liable for those payments.
     “Foreign government obligations” means, with respect to debt securities of any series that are denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars:
    direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged, which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof; or
 
    obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of that government the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by that government, which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.
Governing Law
     The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York.

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS WE MAY OFFER
     We may issue warrants to purchase debt securities, preferred stock, common stock or any combination of the foregoing. We may issue warrants independently or together with any other securities we offer under a prospectus supplement. The warrants may be attached to or separate from the securities. We will issue each series of warrants under a separate warrant agreement that we will enter into with a bank or trust company, as warrant agent. The statements made in this section relating to the warrant agreement are summaries only. These summaries are not complete. When we issue warrants, we will provide the specific terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreement in a prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses. To the extent the information contained in the prospectus supplement differs from this summary description, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.
Debt Warrants
     We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses the terms of the debt warrants being offered, the warrant agreement relating to the debt warrants and the debt warrant certificates representing the debt warrants, including:
    the title of the debt warrants;
 
    the aggregate number of the debt warrants;
 
    the price or prices at which the debt warrants will be issued;
 
    the designation, aggregate principal amount and terms of the debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the debt warrants, and the procedures and conditions relating to the exercise of the debt warrants;
 
    the designation and terms of any related debt securities with which the debt warrants are issued, and the number of the debt warrants issued with each security;
 
    the date, if any, on and after which the debt warrants and the related debt securities will be separately transferable;
 
    the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of each debt warrant, and the price at which the principal amount of the debt securities may be purchased upon exercise;
 
    the date on which the right to exercise the debt warrants will commence, and the date on which the right will expire;
 
    the maximum or minimum number of the debt warrants that may be exercised at any time;
 
    information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;
 
    a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the exercise of the debt warrants; and
 
    any other terms of the debt warrants and terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exercise of the debt warrants.
     Holders may exchange debt warrant certificates for new debt warrant certificates of different denominations, and may exercise debt warrants at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses. Prior to the exercise of their debt warrants, holders of debt warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable

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upon the exercise and will not be entitled to payments of principal, premium or interest on the securities purchasable upon the exercise of debt warrants.
Equity Warrants
     We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses the terms of the preferred stock warrants or common stock warrants being offered, the warrant agreement relating to the preferred stock warrants or common stock warrants and the warrant certificates representing the preferred stock warrants or common stock warrants, including:
    the title of the warrants;
 
    the securities for which the warrants are exercisable;
 
    the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued;
 
    if applicable, the number of warrants issued with each share of preferred stock or share of common stock;
 
    if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related preferred stock or common stock will be separately transferable;
 
    the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence, and the date on which the right will expire;
 
    the maximum or minimum number of warrants which may be exercised at any time;
 
    information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;
 
    a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to exercise of the warrants; and
 
    any other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants.
     Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses, holders of equity warrants will not be entitled, by virtue of being such holders, to vote, consent, receive dividends, receive notice as stockholders with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the election of our directors or any other matter, or to exercise any rights whatsoever as stockholders.
     Except as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses, the exercise price payable and the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon the exercise of each warrant will be subject to adjustment in certain events, including the issuance of a stock dividend to holders of common stock or preferred stock or a stock split, reverse stock split, combination, subdivision or reclassification of common stock or preferred stock. In lieu of adjusting the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of each warrant, we may elect to adjust the number of warrants. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses, no adjustments in the number of shares purchasable upon exercise of the warrants will be required until all cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1% thereof. We may, at our option, reduce the exercise price at any time. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of warrants, but we will pay the cash value of any fractional shares otherwise issuable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses, in case of any consolidation, merger, or sale or conveyance of our property as an entirety or substantially as an entirety, the holder of each outstanding warrant will have the right to the kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property, including cash, receivable by a holder of the number of

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shares of common stock or preferred stock into which each warrant was exercisable immediately prior to the particular triggering event.
Exercise of Warrants
     Each warrant will entitle the holder of the warrant to purchase for cash at the exercise price provided in the applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses the principal amount of debt securities or shares of preferred stock or shares of common stock being offered. Holders may exercise warrants at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date provided in the applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants are void.
     Holders may exercise warrants as described in the prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses relating to the warrants being offered. Upon receipt of payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses, we will, as soon as practicable, forward the debt securities, shares of preferred stock or shares of common stock purchasable upon the exercise of the warrant. If less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining warrants.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
     We may sell the securities through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers or through a combination of these methods. The applicable prospectus supplement (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including:
    the name or names of any underwriters, if any, and if required, any dealers or agents;
 
    the purchase price or other consideration to be paid in connection with the sale of the securities being offered and the proceeds we will receive from the sale;
 
    any underwriting discounts or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters’ or agents’ compensation;
 
    any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and
 
    any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.
     We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at:
    fixed price or prices, which may be changed from time to time;
 
    market prices prevailing at the time of sale;
 
    prices related to such prevailing market prices; or
 
    negotiated prices.
     Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.
     If we utilize an underwriter in the sale of the securities being offered, we will execute an underwriting agreement with the underwriter at the time of sale. Any underwriters used in the sale will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate.
     In connection with the sale of the securities, we, or the purchasers of the securities for whom the underwriter may act as agent, may compensate the underwriter in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter may sell the securities to or through dealers, and the underwriter may compensate those dealers in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. We may change from time to time the public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.
     We may directly solicit offers to purchase the securities. We may also designate agents to solicit offers to purchase the securities from time to time. We will name in a prospectus supplement any agent involved in the offer or sale of our securities. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
     If we utilize a dealer in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, we will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.

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     We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.
     Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments they may be required to make in respect thereof.
     In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties (including the writing of options), or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with such a transaction, the third parties may, pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. If so, the third party may use securities borrowed from us or others to settle such sales and may use securities received from us to close out any related short positions. We may also loan or pledge securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement to third parties, who may sell the loaned securities or, in an event of default in the case of a pledge, sell the pledged securities pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement or in a post-effective amendment.
     All securities we offer, other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.
     Underwriters may engage in stabilizing and syndicate covering transactions in accordance with Rule 104 under the Exchange Act. Rule 104 permits stabilizing bids to purchase the securities being offered as long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Underwriters may over-allot the offered securities in connection with the offering, thus creating a short position in their account. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the offered securities by underwriters in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Underwriters may also cover an over-allotment or short position by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. Stabilizing and syndicate covering transactions may cause the price of the offered securities to be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of these transactions. These transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
     Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on The NASDAQ Global Market may engage in passive market making transactions in the securities on The NASDAQ Global Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the common stock. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.
     In compliance with guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the maximum consideration or discount to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker dealer may not exceed 8% of the aggregate amount of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.
     The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in other transactions with us, or perform other services for us, in the ordinary course of their business. We will describe such relationships in the prospectus supplement naming the underwriter and the nature of any such relationship.

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LEGAL MATTERS
     The validity of the securities being offered hereby will be passed on by Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth, a Professional Corporation, Newport Beach, California.
EXPERTS
     The consolidated financial statements and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (which is included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting) incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
     We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC with respect to the securities covered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not include all of the information contained in the registration statement. You should refer to the registration statement and its exhibits for additional information. Whenever we make reference in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the references are not necessarily complete and you should refer to the exhibits attached to the registration statement for copies of the actual contract, agreement or other document.
     We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and in accordance therewith file periodic reports, current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC toll free at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information about its public reference room. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, where our SEC filings are also available. The address of the SEC’s website is http://www.sec.gov. We maintain a website at www.endologix.com. Information contained in or accessible through our website does not constitute part of this prospectus.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
     The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC prior to the date of this prospectus, while information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference into this registration statement and prospectus the documents listed below, and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of the initial registration statement but prior to effectiveness of the registration statement and after the date of this prospectus but prior to the termination of the offering of the securities covered by this prospectus, except for information furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K which is neither deemed filed nor incorporated by reference herein:
    our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 as filed with the SEC on March 10, 2009, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on April 30, 2009;
 
    our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on May 8, 2009;
 
    our Current Reports on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on January 2, 2009, February 5, 2009, and March 5, 2009; and

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    the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on June 18, 1996, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.
     You may request a copy of these filings (other than an exhibit to a filing unless that exhibit is specifically incorporated by reference into that filing) at no cost, by writing to us at the following address: Investor Relations, Endologix, Inc., 11 Studebaker, Irvine, California 92618, or by telephoning us at the following telephone number: (949) 595-7200.

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Table of Contents

PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
     The following table sets forth the estimated costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the offering of the securities being registered. All the amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee.
         
SEC registration fees
  $ 2,790  
Printing fees and expenses
    *  
Legal fees and expenses
    *  
Accounting fees and expenses
    *  
Miscellaneous expenses
    *  
Total
    *  
 
*   To be filed by amendment with a Current Report on Form 8-K or Rule 424 filing.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
     Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides that a corporation may indemnify any person made a party to an action (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he or she was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or was serving at the request of the corporation against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such action if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation), has no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
     Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, limits, to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law, the personal liability of directors for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as a director. Our amended and restated bylaws provide that we shall indemnify our officers and directors and may indemnify our employees and other agents to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.
     Our directors and officers are covered by insurance policies indemnifying against certain liabilities, including certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, which might be incurred by them in such capacities and against which they cannot be indemnified by us. We have entered into indemnification agreements with all of our executive officers and directors which provide indemnification under certain circumstances for acts and omissions in the course of their employment with us.
Item 16. Exhibits.
     
Exhibit    
Number   Description
1.1
  Form of Underwriting Agreement (1)
 
   
3.1
  Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Endologix Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the SEC on August 7, 2006).
 
   
3.2
  Amended and Restated Bylaws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Endologix Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 29, 2001).
 
   
4.1
  Specimen Certificate of Common Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 2 to Endologix Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 333-04560, filed with the SEC on June 10, 1996).
 
   
4.2
  Form of Indenture
 
   
4.3
  Form of Debt Security (1)
 
   
4.4
  Form of Warrant Agreement, including form of warrant (1)
 
   
5.1
  Opinion of Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth, a Professional Corporation

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Table of Contents

     
Exhibit    
Number   Description
12.1
  Statement Regarding the Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
 
   
23.1
  Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm
 
   
23.2
  Consent of Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth, a Professional Corporation (included in its opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1 hereto)
 
   
24.1
  Power of Attorney (included on signature page hereto)
 
   
25.1
  Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1 (1)
 
(1)   To be filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.
Item 17. Undertakings.
     (a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
          (1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
               (i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
               (ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;
               (iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
Provided, however , that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
          (2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
          (3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
          (4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
               (i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
               (ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to

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Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however , that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
          (5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
               (i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
               (ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
               (iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
               (iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
     (b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
     (c) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes (1) to use its best efforts to distribute prior to the opening of bids, to prospective bidders, underwriters, and dealers, a reasonable number of copies of a prospectus which at that time meets the requirements of section 10(a) of the Securities Act, and relating to the securities offered at competitive bidding, as contained in the registration statement, together with any supplements thereto, and (2) to file an amendment to the registration statement reflecting the results of bidding, the terms of the reoffering and related matters to the extent required by the applicable form, not later than the first use, authorized by the issuer after the opening of bids, of a prospectus relating to the securities offered at competitive bidding, unless no further public offering of such securities by the issuer and no reoffering of such securities by the purchasers is proposed to be made.
     (d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)2 of the Trust Indenture Act.

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     (e) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Irvine, State of California, on May 8, 2009.
         
  ENDOLOGIX, INC.
 
 
  By:   /s/ John McDermott    
    John McDermott   
    Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer) 
 
 
POWER OF ATTORNEY
     We, the undersigned directors and officers of Endologix, Inc., do hereby constitute and appoint John McDermott and Robert J. Krist, or either of them, our true and lawful attorneys and agents, to do any and all acts and things in our name and behalf in our capacities as directors and officers and to execute any and all instruments for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, which said attorneys and agents, or either of them, may deem necessary or advisable to enable said corporation to comply with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any rules, regulations, and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, in connection with this registration statement, including specifically, but without limitation, power and authority to sign for us or any of us in our names and in the capacities indicated below, any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, or any related registration statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; and we do hereby ratify and confirm all that the said attorneys and agents, or either of them, shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
         
Signature   Title   Date
 
       
/s/ John McDermott
 
John McDermott
  Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
  May 8, 2009
 
       
/s/ Robert J. Krist
 
Robert J. Krist
  Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
  May 8, 2009
 
       
/s/ Franklin D. Brown
 
Franklin D. Brown
  Chairman of the Board    May 8, 2009
 
       
/s/ Roderick de Greef
 
Roderick de Greef
  Director    May 8, 2009
 
       
/s/ Edward B. Deithrich, M.D.
 
Edward B. Deithrich, M.D.
  Director    May 8, 2009
 
       
/s/ Paul McCormick
 
Paul McCormick
  Director    May 8, 2009
 
       
/s/ Jeffrey F. O’Donnell
 
Jeffrey F. O’Donnell
  Director    May 8, 2009
 
       
/s/ Gregory D. Waller
 
Gregory D. Waller
  Director    May 8, 2009

 


Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX
     
Exhibit    
Number   Description
1.1
  Form of Underwriting Agreement (1)
 
   
3.1
  Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Endologix Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the SEC on August 7, 2006).
 
   
3.2
  Amended and Restated Bylaws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Endologix Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 29, 2001).
 
   
4.1
  Specimen Certificate of Common Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 2 to Endologix Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 333-04560, filed with the SEC on June 10, 1996).
 
   
4.2
  Form of Indenture
 
   
4.3
  Form of Debt Security (1)
 
   
4.4
  Form of Warrant Agreement, including form of warrant (1)
 
   
5.1
  Opinion of Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth, a Professional Corporation
 
   
12.1
  Statement Regarding the Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
 
   
23.1
  Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm
 
   
23.2
  Consent of Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth, a Professional Corporation (included in its opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1 hereto)
 
   
24.1
  Power of Attorney (included on signature page hereto)
 
   
25.1
  Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1 (1)
 
(1)   To be filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.

6

Exhibit 4.2
FORM OF
ENDOLOGIX, INC.
 
INDENTURE
Dated as of                                          
 
[Name of Trustee]
Trustee

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
             
        Page  
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
 
           
Section 1.1.
  Definitions     1  
Section 1.2.
  Other Definitions     5  
Section 1.3.
  Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act     5  
Section 1.4.
  Rules of Construction     5  
 
           
ARTICLE II
THE SECURITIES
 
           
Section 2.1.
  Issuable in Series     6  
Section 2.2.
  Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities     6  
Section 2.3.
  Execution and Authentication     8  
Section 2.4.
  Registrar and Paying Agent     9  
Section 2.5.
  Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust     10  
Section 2.6.
  Securityholder Lists     10  
Section 2.7.
  Transfer and Exchange     10  
Section 2.8.
  Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities     10  
Section 2.9.
  Outstanding Securities     11  
Section 2.10.
  Treasury Securities     11  
Section 2.11.
  Temporary Securities     12  
Section 2.12.
  Cancellation     12  
Section 2.13.
  Defaulted Interest     12  
Section 2.14.
  Global Securities     12  
 
           
ARTICLE III
REDEMPTION
 
           
Section 3.1.
  Notice to Trustee     13  
Section 3.2.
  Selection of Securities to be Redeemed     14  
Section 3.3.
  Notice of Redemption     14  
Section 3.4.
  Effect of Notice of Redemption     14  
Section 3.5.
  Deposit of Redemption Price     15  
Section 3.6.
  Securities Redeemed in Part     15  
 
           
ARTICLE IV
COVENANTS
 
           
Section 4.1.
  Payment of Principal and Interest     15  
Section 4.2.
  SEC Reports     15  
Section 4.3.
  Compliance Certificate     15  
Section 4.4.
  Stay, Extension and Usury Laws     15  
Section 4.5.
  Corporate Existence     16  
Section 4.6.
  Taxes     16  

i


 

             
        Page  
ARTICLE V
SUCCESSORS
 
           
Section 5.1.
  When Company May Merge, Etc     16  
Section 5.2.
  Successor Corporation Substituted     16  
 
           
ARTICLE VI
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
 
           
Section 6.1.
  Events of Default     17  
Section 6.2.
  Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment     18  
Section 6.3.
  Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee     19  
Section 6.4.
  Trustee May File Proofs of Claim     19  
Section 6.5.
  Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities     20  
Section 6.6.
  Application of Money Collected     20  
Section 6.7.
  Limitation on Suits     20  
Section 6.8.
  Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest     21  
Section 6.9.
  Restoration of Rights and Remedies     21  
Section 6.10.
  Rights and Remedies Cumulative     21  
Section 6.11.
  Delay or Omission Not Waiver     21  
Section 6.12.
  Control by Holders     22  
Section 6.13.
  Waiver of Past Defaults     22  
Section 6.14.
  Undertaking For Costs     22  
 
           
ARTICLE VII
TRUSTEE
 
           
Section 7.1.
  Duties of Trustee     23  
Section 7.2.
  Rights of Trustee     24  
Section 7.3.
  Individual Rights of Trustee     24  
Section 7.4.
  Trustee's Disclaimer     24  
Section 7.5.
  Notice of Defaults     24  
Section 7.6.
  Reports by Trustee to Holders     25  
Section 7.7.
  Compensation and Indemnity     25  
Section 7.8.
  Replacement of Trustee     25  
Section 7.9.
  Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc     26  
Section 7.10.
  Eligibility; Disqualification     26  
Section 7.11.
  Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company     27  
 
           
ARTICLE VIII
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
 
           
Section 8.1.
  Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture     27  
Section 8.2.
  Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification     28  
Section 8.3.
  Legal Defeasance of Securities of Any Series     28  
Section 8.4.
  Covenant Defeasance     30  
Section 8.5.
  Repayment to Company     31  
 
           

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        Page  
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
 
           
Section 9.1.
  Without Consent of Holders     31  
Section 9.2.
  With Consent of Holders     31  
Section 9.3.
  Limitations     32  
Section 9.4.
  Compliance with Trust Indenture Act     32  
Section 9.5.
  Revocation and Effect of Consents     32  
Section 9.6.
  Notation on or Exchange of Securities     33  
Section 9.7.
  Trustee Protected     33  
 
           
ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS
 
           
Section 10.1.
  Trust Indenture Act Controls     33  
Section 10.2.
  Notices     33  
Section 10.3.
  Communication by Holders with other Holders     34  
Section 10.4.
  Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent     34  
Section 10.5.
  Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion     34  
Section 10.6.
  Rules by Trustee and Agents     35  
Section 10.7.
  Legal Holidays     35  
Section 10.8.
  No Recourse Against Others     35  
Section 10.9.
  Counterparts     35  
Section 10.10.
  Governing Laws     35  
Section 10.11.
  No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements     35  
Section 10.12.
  Successors     35  
Section 10.13.
  Severability     35  
Section 10.14.
  Table of Contents, Headings, Etc     35  
Section 10.15.
  Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU     35  
Section 10.16.
  Judgment Currency     36  
 
           
ARTICLE XI
SINKING FUNDS
 
           
Section 11.1.
  Applicability of Article     37  
Section 11.2.
  Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities     37  
Section 11.3.
  Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund     37  

iii


 

ENDOLOGIX, INC.

Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and
Indenture, dated as of                     
         
Section. 310(a)(1)
      7.10
(a)(2)
      7.10
(a)(3)
      Not Applicable
(a)(4)
      Not Applicable
(a)(5)
      7.10
(b)
      7.10
Section. 311(a)
      7.11
(b)
      7.11
(c)
      Not Applicable
Section. 312(a)
      2.6
(b)
      10.3
(c)
      10.3
Section. 313(a)
      7.6
(b)(1)
      7.6
(b)(2)
      7.6
(c)(1)
      7.6
(d)
      7.6
Section. 314(a)
      4.2, 10.5
(b)
      Not Applicable
(c)(1)
      10.4
(c)(2)
      10.4
(c)(3)
      Not Applicable
(d)
      Not Applicable
(e)
      10.5
(f)
      Not Applicable
Section. 315(a)
      7.1
(b)
      7.5
(c)
      7.1
(d)
      7.1
(e)
      6.14
Section. 316(a)
      2.10
(a)(1)(A)
      6.12
(a)(1)(B)
      6.13
(b)
      6.8
Section. 317(a)(1)
      6.3
(a)(2)
      6.4
(b)
      2.5
Section. 318(a)
      10.1
Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

iv


 

     Indenture dated as of                            , 20       between Endologix, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Company”), and [Name of Trustee], a                                                                (“Trustee”).
     Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
      Section 1.1. Definitions .
     “Additional Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified therein and which are owing to such Holders.
     “Affiliate” of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.
     “Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent.
     “Authorized Newspaper” means a newspaper in an official language of the country of publication customarily published at least once a day for at least five days in each calendar week and of general circulation in the place in connection with which the term is used. If it shall be impractical in the opinion of the Trustee to make any publication of any notice required hereby in an Authorized Newspaper, any publication or other notice in lieu thereof that is made or given by the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient publication of such notice.
     “Bearer” means anyone in possession from time to time of a Bearer Security.
     “Bearer Security” means any Security, including any interest coupon appertaining thereto, that does not provide for the identification of the Holder thereof.
     “Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.
     “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.
     “Business Day” means, unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series, any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York or The City of Irvine on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

 


 

     “Company” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.
     “Company Order” means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
     “Company Request” means a written request signed in the name of the Company by any Officer and delivered to the Trustee.
     “Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally administered.
     “Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.
     “Depository” means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depository for such Series by the Company, which Depository shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Depository” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depository with respect to the Securities of such Series.
     “Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.
     “Dollars” means the currency of the United States of America.
     “ECU” means the European Currency Unit as determined by the Commission of the European Union.
     “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
     “Foreign Currency” means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of the United States of America.
     “Foreign Government Obligations” means with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, (i) direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of such government the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.
     “Global Security” or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.2 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depository for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depository or nominee.

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     “Holder” or “Securityholder” means a person in whose name a Security is registered or the holder of a Bearer Security.
     “Indenture” means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.
     “interest” with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.
     “Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security or installment of principal thereof, means the date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise.
     “Officer” means the Chairman of the Board, any President, any Vice-President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary of the Company.
     “Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
     “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company.
     “person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
     “principal” of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.
     “Responsible Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.
     “SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
     “Securities” means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
     “Series” or “Series of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof.
     “Significant Subsidiary” means (i) any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company that would be a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as such regulation is in effect on the date hereof, or (ii) any group of direct or indirect Subsidiaries of the Company that, taken together as a group, would be a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as such regulation is in effect on the date hereof.

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     “Stated Maturity” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.
     “Subsidiary” of any specified person means any corporation of which at least a majority of the outstanding stock having by the terms thereof ordinary voting power for the election of directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether or not at the time stock of any other class or classes of such corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time directly or indirectly owned by such person, or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by such person and one or more other Subsidiaries.
     “TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code Sections 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.
     “Trustee” means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.
     “U.S. Government Obligations” means securities which are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, and which in the case of (i) and (ii) are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

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      Section 1.2. Other Definitions.
         
Term   Defined in Section
“Bankruptcy Law”
    6.1  
“Custodian”
    6.1  
“Event of Default”
    6.1  
“Journal”
    10.15  
“Judgment Currency”
    10.16  
“Legal Holiday”
    10.7  
“mandatory sinking fund payment”
    11.1  
“Market Exchange Rate”
    10.15  
“New York Banking Day”
    10.16  
“optional sinking fund payment”
    11.1  
“Paying Agent”
    2.4  
“Registrar”
    2.4  
“Required Currency”
    10.16  
“Service Agent”
    2.4  
“successor person”
    5.1  
      Section 1.3. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act . Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:
     “Commission” means the SEC.
     “indenture securities” means the Securities.
     “indenture security holder” means a Securityholder.
     “indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture.
     “indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.
     “obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.
     All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.
      Section 1.4. Rules of Construction . Unless the context otherwise requires:
          (a) a term has the meaning assigned to it;
          (b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

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          (c) references to “generally accepted accounting principles” shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in effect as of the time when and for the period as to which such accounting principles are to be applied;
          (d) “or” is not exclusive;
          (e) words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and
          (f) provisions apply to successive events and transactions.
ARTICLE II
THE SECURITIES
      Section 2.1. Issuable in Series . The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to the authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.
      Section 2.2. Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities . At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.2.1 and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.2.2 through 2.2.21) by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution:
          2.2.1 the title of the Series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series);
          2.2.2 the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;
          2.2.3 any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);
          2.2.4 the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;
          2.2.5 the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates

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on which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;
          2.2.6 the place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, or the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;
          2.2.7 if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;
          2.2.8 the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;
          2.2.9 the dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;
          2.2.10 if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;
          2.2.11 the forms of the Securities of the Series in bearer or fully registered form (and, if in fully registered form, whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities);
          2.2.12 if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;
          2.2.13 the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, including, but not limited to, the ECU, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency other than the ECU, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;
          2.2.14 the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be made;
          2.2.15 if payments of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined;
          2.2.16 the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be determined, if such amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;

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          2.2.17 the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;
          2.2.18 the provisions, if any, relating to the subordination of the debt securities;
          2.2.19 any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.2;
          2.2.20 any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;
          2.2.21 any other terms of the Securities of the Series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as permitted by Section 9.1, but which may modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series); and
          2.2.22 any depositories, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than those appointed herein.
     All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate referred to above, and the authorized principal amount of any Series may not be increased to provide for issuances of additional Securities of such Series, unless otherwise provided in such Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate.
      Section 2.3. Execution and Authentication . Two Officers shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.
     If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.
     A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.
     The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Such Company Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions from the Company or its duly authorized agent or agents, which oral instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate.
     The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2, except as provided in Section 2.8.

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     Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate establishing the form of Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officers’ Certificate complying with Section 10.4, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.4.
     The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors or trustees, executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or vice-presidents shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then outstanding Series of Securities.
     The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.
      Section 2.4. Registrar and Paying Agent . The Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.2, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”), where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“Registrar”) and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be served (“Service Agent”). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.
     The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional service agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.2 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional service agent. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar; the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent; and the term “Service Agent” includes any additional service agent.
     The Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.

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      Section 2.5. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust . The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold all money held by it as Paying Agent in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities.
      Section 2.6. Securityholder Lists . The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities.
      Section 2.7. Transfer and Exchange . Where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).
     Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.
      Section 2.8. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities . If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.
     If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for

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delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.
     In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.
     Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
     Every new Security of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder.
     The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.
      Section 2.9. Outstanding Securities . The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding.
     If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.8, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser.
     If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of any thereof) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.
     A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security.
     In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.
      Section 2.10. Treasury Securities . In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver Securities of a Series owned by the Company or an Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee

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shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.
      Section 2.11. Temporary Securities . Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee, upon request, shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of Maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, temporary Securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.
      Section 2.12. Cancellation . The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy such canceled Securities (subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act) and deliver a certificate of such destruction to the Company, unless the Company otherwise directs. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
      Section 2.13. Defaulted Interest . If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Securityholders of the Series on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix the record date and payment date. At least 30 days before the record date, the Company shall mail to the Trustee and to each Securityholder of the Series a notice that states the record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.
      Section 2.14. Global Securities .
          2.14.1 Terms of Securities . A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate shall establish whether Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depository for such Global Security or Securities.
          2.14.2 Transfer and Exchange . Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.7 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.7 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depository for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depository notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depository for such Global Security or if at any time such Depository ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depository within 90 days of such event, (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable or (iii) an Event of Default with respect to the Securities represented by such Global Security shall have happened and be continuing. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depository shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms.

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     Except as provided in this Section 2.14.2, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depository with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depository, by a nominee of such Depository to such Depository or another nominee of such Depository or by the Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such a successor Depository.
          2.14.3 Legend . Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:
“This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depository or a nominee of the Depository. This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depository or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depository to a nominee of the Depository, by a nominee of the Depository to the Depository or another nominee of the Depository or by the Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such a successor Depository.”
          2.14.4 Acts of Holders . The Depository, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.
          2.14.5 Payments . Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.
          2.14.6 Consents, Declaration and Directions . Except as provided in Section 2.14.5, the Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depository with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations, waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.
          2.14.7 CUSIP Numbers . The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers.
ARTICLE III
REDEMPTION
      Section 3.1. Notice to Trustee . The Company may, with respect to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the

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Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee of the redemption date and the principal amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall give the notice at least 45 days before the redemption date (or such shorter notice as may be acceptable to the Trustee).
      Section 3.2. Selection of Securities to be Redeemed . Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select Securities of the Series to be redeemed in any manner that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate. The Trustee shall make the selection from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. The Trustee may select for redemption portions of the principal of Securities of the Series that have denominations larger than $1,000. Securities of the Series and portions of them it selects shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.2.10, the minimum principal denomination for each Series and integral multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption.
      Section 3.3. Notice of Redemption . Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail a notice of redemption by first-class mail to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed and if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, publish on one occasion a notice in an Authorized Newspaper.
     The notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state:
          (a) the redemption date;
          (b) the redemption price;
          (c) the name and address of the Paying Agent;
          (d) that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;
          (e) that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date; and
          (f) any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or Securities of a Series being redeemed.
     At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at its expense.
      Section 3.4. Effect of Notice of Redemption . Once notice of redemption is mailed or published as provided in Section 3.3, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date.

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      Section 3.5. Deposit of Redemption Price . On or before the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.
      Section 3.6. Securities Redeemed in Part . Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same Maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.
ARTICLE IV
COVENANTS
      Section 4.1. Payment of Principal and Interest . The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.
      Section 4.2. SEC Reports . The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 15 days after it files them with the SEC, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA Section 314(a).
      Section 4.3. Compliance Certificate . The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officers’ Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of such Officer’s knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which such Officer may have knowledge).
     The Company will, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers’ Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.
      Section 4.4. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws . The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.

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      Section 4.5. Corporate Existence . Subject to Article V, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each Significant Subsidiary in accordance with the respective organizational documents of each Significant Subsidiary and the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or other existence of any Significant Subsidiary, if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders.
      Section 4.6. Taxes . The Company shall, and shall cause each of its Significant Subsidiaries to, pay prior to delinquency all taxes, assessments and governmental levies, except as contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings.
ARTICLE V
SUCCESSORS
      Section 5.1. When Company May Merge, Etc . The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, any person (a “successor person”), and may not permit any person to merge into, or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to, the Company, unless:
          (a) the successor person (if any) is a corporation, partnership, trust or other entity organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes the Company’s obligations on the Securities and under this Indenture; and
          (b) immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.
     The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction, an Officers’ Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and such supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.
      Section 5.2. Successor Corporation Substituted . Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.1, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall not be released from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities.

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ARTICLE VI
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
      Section 6.1. Events of Default . “Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:
          (a) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to the expiration of such period of 30 days); or
          (b) default in the payment of the principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or
          (c) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due in respect of any Security of that Series; or
          (d) default in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of Series of Securities other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or
          (e) the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:
               (i) commences a voluntary case,
               (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,
               (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,
               (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or
               (v) generally is unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or
          (f) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:
               (i) is for relief against the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries in an involuntary case,

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               (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries or for all or substantially all of its property, or
               (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 days; or
          (g) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2.18.
     The term “Bankruptcy Law” means title 11, U.S. Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors. The term “Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
      Section 6.2. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment . If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section 6.1(e) or (f)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(e) or (f) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.
     At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if:
          (a) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay:
               (i) all overdue interest, if any, on all Securities of that Series,
               (ii) the principal of any Securities of that Series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,
               (iii) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon any overdue principal and overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and
               (iv) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and

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          (b) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that Series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13.
     No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
      Section 6.3. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee . The Company covenants that if
          (a) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or
          (b) default is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, or
          (c) default is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when and as due by the terms of a Security,
then, the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal or any overdue interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.
     If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.
     If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.
      Section 6.4. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim . In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,

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          (a) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and
          (b) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7.
     Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.
      Section 6.5. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities . All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.
      Section 6.6. Application of Money Collected . Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:
     First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7; and
     Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and
     Third: To the Company.
      Section 6.7. Limitation on Suits . No Holder of any Security of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless
          (a) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;

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          (b) the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;
          (c) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;
          (d) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and
          (e) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series;
it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.
      Section 6.8. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest . Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of, premium and interest, if any, on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.
      Section 6.9. Restoration of Rights and Remedies . If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.
      Section 6.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative . Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.8, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.
      Section 6.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver . No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the

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Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.
      Section 6.12. Control by Holders . The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that
          (a) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,
          (b) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and
          (c) subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability.
      Section 6.13. Waiver of Past Defaults . The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such Series waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default (i) in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration) and (ii) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each outstanding Security of such Series affected. Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
      Section 6.14. Undertaking For Costs . All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).

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ARTICLE VII
TRUSTEE
      Section 7.1. Duties of Trustee .
          (a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.
          (b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:
               (i) The Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others.
               (ii) In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officers’ Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture.
          (c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:
               (i) This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.
               (ii) The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.
               (iii) The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series.
          (d) Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.
          (e) The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.
          (f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

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          (g) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.
          (h) The Paying Agent, the Registrar and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the protections, immunities and standard of care as are set forth in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section with respect to the Trustee.
      Section 7.2. Rights of Trustee .
          (a) The Trustee may rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.
          (b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel.
          (c) The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. No Depository shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depository.
          (d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers.
          (e) The Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon.
          (f) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.
      Section 7.3. Individual Rights of Trustee . The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.
      Section 7.4. Trustee’s Disclaimer . The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication.
      Section 7.5. Notice of Defaults . If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder of the Securities of that Series and, if any Bearer

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Securities are outstanding, publish on one occasion in an Authorized Newspaper, notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as its corporate trust committee or a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Securityholders of that Series.
      Section 7.6. Reports by Trustee to Holders . Within 60 days after May 15 in each year, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, publish in an Authorized Newspaper, a brief report dated as of such May 15, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA Section 313.
     A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Securityholders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities of that Series are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series are listed on any stock exchange.
      Section 7.7. Compensation and Indemnity . The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for its services. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.
     The Company shall indemnify the Trustee (including the cost of defending itself) against any loss, liability or expense incurred by it except as set forth in the next paragraph in the performance of its duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee.
     The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through negligence or bad faith.
     To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal and interest on particular Securities of that Series.
     When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(e) or (f) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.
      Section 7.8. Replacement of Trustee . A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.

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     The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series if:
          (a) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;
          (b) the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;
          (c) a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or
          (d) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.
     If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.
     If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.
     If the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series fails to comply with Section 7.10, any Securityholder of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee.
     A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.7, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to each Securityholder of each such Series and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, publish such notice on one occasion in an Authorized Newspaper. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.8, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.7 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it prior to such replacement.
      Section 7.9. Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc . If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.
      Section 7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification . This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee shall always have a combined capital and surplus of at least $25,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee shall comply with TIA Section 310(b).

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      Section 7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company . The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA Section 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA Section 311(a) to the extent indicated.
ARTICLE VIII
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
      Section 8.1. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture . This Indenture shall upon Company Order cease to be of further effect (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.1), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when
          (a) either
               (i) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or
               (ii) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation
                    (1) have become due and payable, or
                    (2) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or
                    (3) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or
                    (4) are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to Section 8.3, as applicable;
and the Company, in the case of (1), (2) or (3) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable on or prior to the date of such deposit) or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may be;
          (b) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and
          (c) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

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     Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.7, and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.1 8.2 and 8.5 shall survive.
      Section 8.2. Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification .
          (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 8.5, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.3 or 8.4 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.3 or 8.4, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.3 or 8.4.
          (b) The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.3 or 8.4 or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.
          (c) The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.3 or 8.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.
      Section 8.3. Legal Defeasance of Securities of Any Series . Unless this Section 8.3 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.2.20, to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of such Series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, at Company Request, execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except as to:
          (a) the rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such Series;
          (b) the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2, 8.3 and 8.5; and

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          (c) the rights, powers, trust and immunities of the Trustee hereunder;
provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
          (d) the Company shall have deposited or caused to be deposited irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars (or such other money or currencies as shall then be legal tender in the United States) and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof, in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest, if any, on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal are due;
          (e) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
          (f) no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;
          (g) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;
          (h) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company;
          (i) such deposit shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended), or such trust shall be qualified under such Act or exempt from regulation thereunder; and
          (j) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.

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      Section 8.4. Covenant Defeasance . Unless this Section 8.4 is otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.2.20 to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, on and after the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (a) hereof, the Company may omit to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, and 5.1 as well as any additional covenants contained in a supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2.20 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default under Section 6.1) with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
          (a) With reference to this Section 8.4, the Company has deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars (or such other money or currencies as shall then be legal tender in the United States) and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof, in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay principal and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund in respect of the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal are due;
          (b) Such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
          (c) No Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;
          (d) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel confirming that Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred;
          (e) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and
          (f) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.

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      Section 8.5. Repayment to Company . The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed for two years. After that, Securityholders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person.
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
      Section 9.1. Without Consent of Holders . The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Securityholder:
          (a) to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;
          (b) to comply with Article V;
          (c) to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;
          (d) to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder;
          (e) to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this Indenture;
          (f) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; or
          (g) to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA.
      Section 9.2. With Consent of Holders . The Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Securityholders of each such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such waiver by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.
     It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or waiver

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under this section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities affected thereby and, if any Bearer Securities affected thereby are outstanding, publish on one occasion in an Authorized Newspaper, a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to mail or publish such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.
      Section 9.3. Limitations . Without the consent of each Securityholder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:
          (a) change the amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;
          (b) reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;
          (c) reduce the principal or premium on or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;
          (d) reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;
          (e) waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium on or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);
          (f) make the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;
          (g) make any change in Sections 6.8, 6.13 or 9.3 (this sentence); or
          (h) waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security or change any of the provisions with respect to the redemption of any Securities.
      Section 9.4. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act . Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.
      Section 9.5. Revocation and Effect of Consents . Until an amendment or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date the amendment or waiver becomes effective.
     Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Securityholder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (h) of Section 9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who

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has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security.
      Section 9.6. Notation on or Exchange of Securities . The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon request new Securities of that Series that reflect the amendment or waiver.
      Section 9.7. Trustee Protected . In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights.
ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS
      Section 10.1. Trust Indenture Act Controls . If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control.
      Section 10.2. Notices . Unless otherwise provided herein, any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other shall be in writing and delivered in person or by courier, telegraphed, telexed or by facsimile transmission or mailed by first-class mail as follows:
         
 
  if to the Company:   Endologix, Inc.
 
      11 Studebaker
 
      Irvine, California 92618
 
      Attention: Chief Executive Officer
 
      Facsimile: (949) 595-7200
 
       
 
  with a copy to:   Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth
 
      660 Newport Center Drive, Suite 1600
 
      Newport Beach, California 92660
 
      Attention: Lawrence B. Cohn, Esq.
 
      Facsimile: (949) 725-4100
 
       
 
  if to the Trustee:   [Name of Trustee]
 
      [Address]
 
                                                                    
 
                                                                    
 
      Attention:                                          
     The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

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     Any notice or communication to a Securityholder shall be mailed by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, published in an Authorized Newspaper. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Securityholder of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders of that or any other Series.
     If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Securityholder receives it. If a notice or communication is delivered in person, by courier, telegraphed, telexed or by facsimile transmission (with confirmation of receipt) within the time prescribed, it is duly given.
     If the Company mails a notice or communication to Securityholders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.
      Section 10.3. Communication by Holders with other Holders . Securityholders of any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA Section 312(b) with other Securityholders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA Section 312(c).
      Section 10.4. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent . Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:
          (a) an Officers’ Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and
          (b) an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.
      Section 10.5. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion . Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA Section 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA Section 314(e) and shall include:
          (a) a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;
          (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;
          (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and
          (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

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      Section 10.6. Rules by Trustee and Agents . The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Securityholders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.
      Section 10.7. Legal Holidays . Unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture for a particular Series, a “Legal Holiday” is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.
      Section 10.8. No Recourse Against Others . A director, officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Securityholder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.
      Section 10.9. Counterparts . This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.
      Section 10.10. Governing Laws . THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED IN SUCH STATE, WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICT OF LAWS PROVISIONS THEREOF.
      Section 10.11. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements . This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.
      Section 10.12. Successors . All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.
      Section 10.13. Severability . In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
      Section 10.14. Table of Contents, Headings, Etc . The Table of Contents, Cross Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.
      Section 10.15. Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU . Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated

35


 

in a coin or currency other than Dollars (including ECUs), then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at the Market Exchange Rate at such time. For purposes of this Section 10.15, “Market Exchange Rate” shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate in New York City for cable transfers of that currency as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; provided, however, in the case of ECUs, Market Exchange Rate shall mean the rate of exchange determined by the Commission of the European Union (or any successor thereto) as published in the Official Journal of the European Union (such publication or any successor publication, the “Journal”). If such Market Exchange Rate is not available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Trustee shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or, in the case of ECUs, the rate of exchange as published in the Journal, as of the most recent available date, or quotations or, in the case of ECUs, rates of exchange from one or more major banks in The City of New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question or, in the case of ECUs, in Luxembourg or such other quotations or, in the case of ECUs, rates of exchange as the Trustee, upon consultation with the Company, shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.
     All decisions and determinations of the Trustee regarding the Market Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive to the extent permitted by law for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company and all Holders.
      Section 10.16. Judgment Currency . The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series (the “Required Currency”) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day, then, the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “New York Banking Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

36


 

ARTICLE XI
SINKING FUNDS
      Section 11.1. Applicability of Article . The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series, except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture.
     The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment” and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.
      Section 11.2. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities . The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officers’ Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 11.2, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.
      Section 11.3. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund . Not less than 45 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate in respect of a particular Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory

37


 

sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.3. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]

38


 

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.
             
    ENDOLOGIX, INC.    
 
           
 
  By:        
 
           
 
  Name:        
 
           
 
  Its:        
 
           
 
           
    [NAME OF TRUSTEE]    
 
           
 
  By:        
 
           
 
  Name:        
 
           
 
  Its:        
 
           

39

Exhibit 5.1
       
 
Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth
   
 
A PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION
  ORANGE COUNTY
 
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
660 NEWPORT CENTER DRIVE, SUITE 1600
NEWPORT BEACH, CA 92660-6422
TELEPHONE (949) 725-4000
FACSIMILE (949) 725-4100
  (949) 725-4000
   
SAN DIEGO
    (858) 720-2150
   
SAN FRANCISCO
    (415) 283-2240
 
 
 
SANTA BARBARA
 
 
  (805) 564-0065
 
 
 
SACRAMENTO
 
 
  (916) 449-2350
May 8, 2009
Endologix, Inc.
11 Studebaker
Irvine, CA 92618
      Re:   Endologix, Inc., Registration Statement on Form S-3; $50,000,000 Aggregate Offering Price of Securities
Ladies and Gentlemen:
     In connection with the registration statement on Form S-3 (the “ Registration Statement ”) to be filed by Endologix, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) on May 8, 2009 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), you have requested our opinion with respect to the matters set forth below.
     You have provided us with a draft of the Registration Statement in the form in which it will be filed, which includes the prospectus (the “ Prospectus ”). The Prospectus provides that it will be supplemented in the future by one or more supplements to the Prospectus (each, a “ Prospectus Supplement ”). The Prospectus as supplemented by various Prospectus Supplements will provide for the registration by the Company of up to $50,000,000 aggregate offering price of (i) shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”); (ii) shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Preferred Stock ”); (iii) one or more series of secured or unsecured debt securities, which may be either senior, senior subordinated or subordinated debt securities (the “ Debt Securities ”); and (iv) warrants to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Debt Securities (the “ Warrants ”), or any combination of the foregoing, plus any additional Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Warrants that may be registered pursuant to any subsequent registration statement that the Company may hereafter file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (collectively, the “ Securities ”). Any Debt Securities may be exchangeable and/or convertible into shares of Common Stock or into other securities. The Debt Securities may be issued pursuant to an indenture between the Company and a financial institution to be identified therein as trustee (the “ Trustee ”) in the form included as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement, as such indenture may be supplemented from time to time (the “ Indenture ”). The Warrants may be issued under one or more warrant agreements (each, a “ Warrant Agreement ”) between the Company and a bank or trust company to be identified therein as warrant agent (each, a “ Warrant Agent ”).
     In our capacity as your counsel in connection with such registration, we are familiar with the proceedings taken and proposed to be taken by the Company in connection with the authorization of the Indenture and the authorization, issuance and sale of the Securities. For the purposes of this opinion, we have assumed that such proceedings to be taken in the future will be timely completed in

 


 

Endologix, Inc.
May 8, 2009
Page Two
the manner presently proposed and that the terms of each issuance will otherwise be in compliance with law. In addition, we have examined such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter.
     We are opining herein as to the effect on the subject transaction only of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and we express no opinion with respect to the applicability thereto, or the effect thereon, of the laws of any other jurisdiction or, in the case of Delaware, any other laws, or as to any matters of municipal law or the laws of any local agencies within any state.
     Subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that as of the date hereof:
     1. When the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws, and the Board of Directors of the Company adopts a resolution in form and content as required by applicable law authorizing the issuance of shares of Common Stock, and upon the issuance and delivery of and payment of legal consideration (in no event for less than the par value thereof), in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and by such resolution, and assuming that (i) the terms of such shares of Common Stock, as issued and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and such resolution; (ii) at the time of the issuance of such shares, the Company has a sufficient number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock under the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “ Certificate of Incorporation ”); (iii) such shares of Common Stock, as issued and delivered, comply with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company or otherwise; and (iv) such shares of Common Stock are issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the related Prospectus Supplement(s), any applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, and such Board of Directors’ resolutions, such shares of Common Stock (including any Common Stock duly issued (1) upon the exchange or conversion of Debt Securities that are exchangeable or convertible into Common Stock, (2) upon the exchange or conversion of any shares of Preferred Stock that are exchangeable or convertible into Common Stock or (3) upon the exercise of Warrants that are exercisable for Common Stock), will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
     2. When the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws, and the Board of Directors of the Company duly establishes a series of Preferred Stock in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law, and adopts a resolution in form and content as required by applicable law authorizing the issuance of shares of Preferred Stock, and upon the issuance and delivery of and payment of legal consideration (in no event for less than the par value

 


 

Endologix, Inc.
May 8, 2009
Page Three
thereof), in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and by such resolution, and assuming that (i) the terms of such shares of Preferred Stock, as issued and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and such resolution; (ii) at the time of the issuance of such shares, the Company has a sufficient number of authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock under the Certificate of Incorporation; (iii) such shares of Preferred Stock, as issued and delivered, comply with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company or otherwise; and (iv) such shares of Preferred Stock are issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the related Prospectus Supplement(s), any applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, and such Board of Directors’ resolutions, such shares of Preferred Stock (including any Preferred Stock duly issued (1) upon the exchange or conversion of any shares of Preferred Stock that are exchangeable or convertible into another series of Preferred Stock, (2) upon the exchange or conversion of Debt Securities that are exchangeable or convertible into Preferred Stock or (3) upon the exercise of Warrants that are exercisable for Preferred Stock), will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
     3. When (i) the Indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the Trustee; and (ii) the Debt Securities have been duly authorized and duly established in accordance with the Indenture and applicable law (including, without limitation, by the adoption by the Board of Directors of the Company of a resolution duly authorizing the issuance and delivery of the Debt Securities) (the “ Debt Securities Authorization ”), duly authenticated by the Trustee and duly executed and delivered on behalf of the Company against payment therefor in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Indenture and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and the Debt Securities Authorization; and (iii) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws, and assuming that (a) the terms of the Debt Securities as executed and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and the Debt Securities Authorization, (b) the Debt Securities as executed and delivered do not violate any law applicable to the Company or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, (c) the Debt Securities as executed and delivered comply with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company or otherwise, and (d) the Debt Securities are then issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and the Debt Securities Authorization, the Debt Securities (including any Debt Securities duly issued (1) upon the exchange or conversion of any Debt Securities that are exchangeable or convertible into another series of Debt Securities or (2) upon the exercise of any Warrants pursuant to the terms thereof that are exercisable for the purchase of Debt Securities) will constitute legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
     4. When (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendments

 


 

Endologix, Inc.
May 8, 2009
Page Four
thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (ii) the applicable Warrant Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the Warrant Agent; (iii) the Warrants have been duly authorized and duly established in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement and applicable law (including, without limitation, by the adoption by the Board of Directors of the Company of a resolution duly authorizing the issuance and delivery of the Warrants) (the “ Warrant Authorization ”); and (iv) the Warrants have been duly executed, authenticated and/or countersigned in accordance with the Warrant Agreement relating to such Warrants and delivered on behalf of the Company against payment therefor (which, in the case of Warrants for Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as applicable, shall consist of legal consideration not less than the par value of such shares) as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and the Warrant Authorization, and assuming that (a) the terms of the Warrants as executed and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and the Warrant Authorization, (b) the Warrants as executed and delivered do not violate any law applicable to the Company or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, (c) the Warrants as executed and delivered comply with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company or otherwise and (d) the Warrants are then issued and sold as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and the Warrant Authorization, the Warrants will constitute legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
     5. When (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (ii) the Indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the Trustee; (iii) assuming that the Indenture does not violate any law applicable to the Company or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company; and (iv) assuming that the Indenture complies with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company or otherwise, the Indenture will constitute the legally valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms.
     The opinions set forth in paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 relating to the enforceability of the Debt Securities, the Warrants and the Indenture, respectively, are subject to the following exceptions, limitations and qualifications: (i) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, preference, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors; (ii) the effect of general principles of equity, whether enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief), concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought; (iii) the unenforceability under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions providing for the indemnification of, or contribution to, a party with respect to a liability where such

 


 

Endologix, Inc.
May 8, 2009
Page Five
indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy; (iv) we express no opinion concerning the enforceability of the waiver of rights or defenses contained in Section 4.4 of the Indenture; (v) the unenforceability of any provision requiring the payment of attorneys’ fees, where such payment is contrary to law or public policy; (vi) we express no opinion with respect to whether acceleration of the Debt Securities may affect the collectibility of that portion of the stated principal amount thereof which might be determined to constitute unearned interest thereon; and (vii) we express no opinion as to the enforceability of any provision to the extent it requires any party to indemnify any other person against loss in obtaining the currency due following a court judgment rendered in another currency.
     The opinions expressed herein as to Debt Securities do not include (i) any opinion with respect to the creation, validity, perfection or priority of any security interest or lien, or (ii) any opinion with respect to compliance with laws relating to permissible rates of interest.
     We have not been requested to express and, with your consent, do not render any opinion as to the applicability to the obligations of the Company under the Indenture or the Debt Securities of Sections 547 and 548 of the United States Bankruptcy Code or applicable state law relating to preferences and fraudulent transfers and obligations.
     With your consent, we have assumed for purposes of this opinion that (i) each of the parties to the Indenture and any Warrant Agreement (collectively, the “ Operative Documents ”) other than the Company (a) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization; (b) has the requisite power and authority to execute and deliver and to perform its obligations under each of the Operative Documents to which it is a party; and (c) has duly authorized, executed and delivered each such Operative Document; (ii) with respect to each of the parties to the Operative Documents other than the Company, each Operative Document to which it is a party constitutes its legally valid and binding agreement, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms; (iii) the Trustee is in compliance, generally and with respect to acting as Trustee under the Indenture, with all applicable laws and regulations; and (iv) the Warrant Agent is in compliance, generally and with respect to acting as warrant agent under the Warrant Agreement, with all applicable laws and regulations.
     This opinion is for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement, and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled by law to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable provisions of federal securities laws. We consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus which is part of the Registration Statement. In addition, we give such consent on the condition and understanding that (i) this letter speaks only as of the date hereof and (ii) we have no responsibility or obligation to update this letter, to consider its applicability or correctness to other than its addressee, or to take into account changes in law, facts or any other developments of which we may later become aware.
Very truly yours,
STRADLING YOCCA CARLSON & RAUTH
/s/ Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth

 

Exhibit 12.1
 
Endologix, Inc.
S-3 Shelf Registration
Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges
                                                 
    Quarter Ended     Fiscal Years Ended December 31,  
    31-Mar-09     2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
EARNINGS:
                                               
Loss before income taxes
  $ (1,177 )   $ (11,992 )   $ (15,075 )   $ (17,543 )   $ (15,518 )   $ (9,683 )
Plus: Fixed charges (see below)
  $ 66     $ 80     $ 29     $ 27     $ 21     $ 17  
     
Total earnings/(loss) to cover fixed charges
  $ (1,111 )   $ (11,912 )   $ (15,046 )   $ (17,516 )   $ (15,497 )   $ (9,666 )
     
 
                                               
FIXED CHARGES:
                                               
Interest expense
  $ 61     $ 61     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
Interest portion of rental expense
  $ 5     $ 19     $ 29     $ 27     $ 21     $ 17  
 
                                   
Total Fixed charges
  $ 66     $ 80     $ 29     $ 27     $ 21     $ 17  
Preferred stock dividends
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
 
                                   
Combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends
  $ 66     $ 80     $ 29     $ 27     $ 21     $ 17  
 
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
                                   
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
                                   
 
DEFICIENCY OF EARNINGS TO COVER FIXED CHARGES
  $ (1,177 )   $ (11,992 )   $ (15,075 )   $ (17,543 )   $ (15,518 )   $ (9,683 )
     
 
                                               
DEFICIENCY OF EARNINGS TO COVER COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
  $ (1,177 )   $ (11,992 )   $ (15,075 )   $ (17,543 )   $ (15,518 )   $ (9,683 )
     

9

Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated March 9, 2009 relating to the consolidated financial statements, financial statement schedule and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Endologix, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Irvine, CA
May 7, 2009