File No. 811-04347
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
June 27, 2008
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT
COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 161
þ
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
GMO T
rust
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
c/o GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Address of principal executive offices)
(617) 330-7500
(Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code)
J.B. Kittredge, Esq.
GMO Trust
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Name and address of agent for service)
Copy to:
Thomas R. Hiller, Esq.
Ropes & Gray LLP
One International Place
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
It is intended that this filing become effective immediately upon filing in accordance with Section
8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
THIS FILING RELATES SOLELY TO GMO TAIWAN FUND, GMO SHORT-DURATION COLLATERAL FUND, GMO SPECIAL
PURPOSE HOLDING FUND, GMO WORLD OPPORTUNITY OVERLAY FUND, GMO ALTERNATIVE ASSET OPPORTUNITY FUND,
AND GMO SPECIAL SITUATIONS FUND; IT IS INTENDED THAT NO INFORMATION RELATING TO ANY OTHER SERIES OF
GMO TRUST IS AMENDED OR SUPERSEDED HEREBY.
PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM
June 27, 2008
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
(the Fund) is a separate investment portfolio of GMO Trust
(the Trust). The Trust is an open-end management investment company and operates as a series
investment company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, including the Fund.
Other portfolios are offered pursuant to separate prospectuses. At this time, the Fund does not
intend to offer its shares publicly or to make them available other than to other funds of the
Trust (GMO Funds) and certain other accredited investors.
Investment Manager
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
This Private Placement Memorandum concisely describes the information which you ought to know
about the Fund before investing. Please read this memorandum carefully and keep it for further
reference. A Statement of Additional Information dated June 27, 2008, as revised from time to time
(SAI), is available free of charge by writing to GMO Shareholder Services, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling 1-617-346-7646. The SAI, which contains more detailed
information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum.
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS
AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD UNLESS SO
REGISTERED OR IN TRANSACTIONS EXEMPT THEREFROM. HOWEVER, THE SECURITIES ARE REDEEMABLE AS
DESCRIBED IN THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM. IN CERTAIN CASES INVESTORS MAY BE REDEEMED IN
KIND AND RECEIVE PORTFOLIO SECURITIES HELD BY THE FUND IN LIEU OF CASH UPON REDEMPTION.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION WITH
RESPECT TO THE SHARES EXCEPT SUCH INFORMATION AS IS CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM AND IN THE SAI OR
IN OTHER MATERIALS APPROVED BY THE TRUST. NO SALES MADE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES
CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN MATTERS DISCUSSED HEREIN SINCE THE DATE
HEREOF.
FUND SUMMARY
This summary is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments, employ strategies, and
be exposed to risks that are not described in this summary. More information about the Funds
investments and strategies is contained in the SAI. Except for policies identified in the SAI as
fundamental, the Funds Board of Trustees (Trustees) may change the Funds investment objective
or policies without shareholder approval. The Funds investment manager is Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO) (see Management of the Fund below for a description
of the Manager).
Investment objective
Total return greater than that of its benchmark.
Principal investment strategies
The Fund seeks indirect exposure to investment returns of commodities and, from time to time,
other alternative asset classes (e.g., currencies). In pursuing its objective, the Fund typically
has exposure to both long and short positions in commodities. Commodities include a range of
assets with tangible properties, including oil, natural gas, agricultural products (e.g., wheat,
corn, and livestock), precious metals (e.g., gold and silver), industrial metals (e.g., copper),
and softs (e.g., cocoa, coffee, and sugar).
The Funds investment program has two primary components. One component is intended to gain
indirect exposure to the commodity markets through the Funds investments in a wholly owned
subsidiary company (as discussed below), which, in turn, invests in various commodity-related
derivatives. This first component normally has two subcomponents. One subcomponent typically
consists of investments in swap contracts on broad-based commodities indices. The purpose of these
investments is to gain and manage exposure to the Dow Jones-AIG Commodity Index, the commodity
component of the Funds benchmark. The second subcomponent primarily consists of taking active
long or short positions in commodity futures contracts to seek to add value relative to the Dow
Jones-AIG Commodity Index. The Fund also may seek to add value by taking active positions in other
exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) commodity-related derivatives, including options on
commodity futures. In taking these active positions, the Manager applies two basic principles:
(i) commodity prices exhibit trends and (ii) commodity prices exhibit mean reversion. The Fund
also may use directly or indirectly through its wholly owned subsidiary a wide variety of other
exchange-traded and OTC derivatives that are not linked to the value of a commodity or other
commodity-related instrument (including financial futures, options, and swap contracts).
To add value relative to the Funds benchmark, the Manager uses proprietary models to identify
trends in commodity prices. The factors considered and models used by the Manager may change over
time.
The second component of the Funds investment program consists of direct and indirect
investments in high quality U.S. and foreign fixed income securities. The primary purpose of these
investments is to gain exposure to the JPMorgan 3 Month Cash Index, the fixed income component of
the Funds benchmark (and to securities with similar characteristics to those in the Index), and to
generate a core return. Normally, the Fund gains exposure to fixed income securities indirectly by
investing in GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund (SDCF), another series of GMO Trust offered
through a separate private placement memorandum. The Fund typically invests a significant portion
of its assets in SDCF. SDCF primarily invests in high quality U.S. and foreign adjustable rate
fixed income securities, in particular asset-backed securities, issued by a wide range of private
and government issuers (see Investment in Other GMO Fund Offered through Separate Private
Placement Memorandum below for a more detailed description of SDCFs investment objective and
strategies).
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A substantial portion of the Funds direct and indirect (through SDCF) investments in fixed
income securities may consist of asset-backed securities, including, but not limited to, securities
backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, credit-card receivables, home equity
loans, automobile loans, educational loans, corporate and sovereign bonds, and bank loans made to
corporations. In addition, the Fund may (directly or indirectly through SDCF) invest in government
securities, corporate debt securities, money market instruments, and commercial paper, and enter
into credit default swaps, reverse repurchase agreements, and repurchase agreements. Fixed income
securities in which the Fund may invest include securities issued by a wide range of private
issuers and, to a lesser extent, securities issued by federal, state, local, and foreign
governments (including securities neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government). The
Funds fixed income securities primarily have adjustable interest rates (or may be hedged using
derivatives to convert the fixed rate interest payments into adjustable rate interest payments),
but may also include all types of interest rate, payment, and reset terms, including fixed rate,
zero coupon, contingent, deferred, payment-in-kind, and auction rate features. The Fund may hold
directly or indirectly through SDCF fixed income securities whose ratings after they were acquired
were reduced below investment grade.
In addition to its commodity-related investments, from time to time, the Fund may invest a
portion of its assets in a range of currency-related investments, including currency futures,
forwards, and options.
The Fund does not invest directly in commodities and commodity-related derivatives. Instead,
to gain exposure to commodities and certain other assets, the Fund invests in a wholly owned
subsidiary company, as noted above. GMO serves as the investment manager to this company but does
not receive any additional management or other fees for such services. The company invests
primarily in commodity-related derivatives and high quality fixed income securities.
The Fund has elected to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Unless otherwise specified in this Private Placement Memorandum or in the SAI, the Manager is not
obligated to and generally will not consider tax consequences when seeking to achieve the Funds
investment objective (e.g., the Fund may engage in transactions that are not tax efficient for
shareholders subject to U.S. federal income tax). Income from certain types of investments made by
the Fund may be treated as unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) and subject to tax when
allocated to tax-exempt shareholders. Portfolio turnover is not a principal consideration when the
Manager makes investment decisions for the Fund. Based on its assessment of market conditions, the
Manager may trade the Funds investments more frequently at some times than at others. High
turnover rates may adversely affect the Funds performance by generating additional transaction
costs and may result in additional taxable income that is passed through by the Fund to its
shareholders.
When used in this Private Placement Memorandum, the term invest includes both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct investments and
indirect investments. For instance, the Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by
investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the
underlying asset.
In addition, the term fixed income securities includes (i) obligations of an
issuer to make payments of principal and/or interest on future dates and (ii) synthetic debt
instruments created by the Manager by combining a futures contract, swap contract, or option on a
non-synthetic fixed income security with cash, a cash equivalent, or a non-synthetic fixed income
security. For purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, the term bond refers to any fixed
income security.
In addition, for purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, the term investment grade
refers to a rating of Baa3/BBB- or better given by Moodys Investors Service, Inc.
(Moodys)/Standard & Poors Ratings Services (S&P) to a particular fixed income security, and
the term below investment
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grade refers to any rating below Baa3/BBB- given by Moodys/S&P to a particular fixed income
security. Securities rated below investment grade are also known as junk bonds. In addition, in
this Private Placement Memorandum, investment-grade securities that are given a rating of Aa/AA or
better by Moodys/S&P are referred to as high quality. Securities referred to as investment
grade, below investment grade, or high quality include not only securities rated by Moodys and
S&P, but also securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are determined by the Manager to have
credit qualities comparable to securities rated by Moodys and/or S&P as investment grade, below
investment grade, or high quality, as applicable.
Benchmark
The Funds benchmark is a composite of the Dow Jones-AIG Commodity Index, which is composed of
futures contracts on nineteen physical commodities, and the JPMorgan 3 Month Cash Index, which
measures the total return performance of three-month U.S. dollar Euro-deposits. The Dow Jones-AIG
Commodity Index and JPMorgan 3 Month Cash Index each represent 50% of the composite benchmark. In
constructing the Funds portfolio, the Manager does not seek to match the Funds portfolio
composition to that of its benchmark, and the Funds portfolio composition may differ significantly
from that of its benchmark.
Principal risks of investing in the Fund
The value of the Funds shares changes with the value of the Funds investments. Many factors
can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
The Funds performance may
be extremely volatile, and therefore the Fund should only be considered as part of a diversified
portfolio of other assets and should not be your sole or primary investment. You should be willing
to assume the risk of potentially significant short-term fluctuations in the value of the Funds
shares.
Factors that may affect the portfolio as a whole are called principal risks and are
summarized in this section. This summary describes the nature of these principal risks and certain
related risks, but is not intended to include every potential risk. The Fund could be subject to
additional risks because the types of investments it makes may change over time. The SAI includes
more information about the Fund and its investments.
The Fund is exposed to all the risks to which its wholly owned subsidiary and SDCF are
exposed. Therefore, unless otherwise noted herein, the principal risks summarized below include
both direct and indirect principal risks of the Fund, and as indicated above, references in this
section to investments made by the Fund include those made both directly by the Fund and indirectly
by the Fund through SDCF or its subsidiary.
Because of the Funds indirect exposure to the global commodity markets, the value of its
shares is affected by factors particular to the commodity markets and may fluctuate more than the
value of shares of a fund with a broader range of investments. Commodity prices can be extremely
volatile and are affected by a wide range of factors, including changes in overall market
movements, real or perceived inflationary trends, commodity index volatility, changes in interest
rates or currency exchange rates, population growth and changing demographics, international
economic, political, and regulatory developments, and developments affecting a particular industry
or commodity, such as drought, floods, or other weather conditions, livestock disease, trade
embargoes, competition from substitute products, transportation bottlenecks or shortages,
fluctuations in supply and demand, and tariffs.
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The value of the Funds investments in commodity-related derivatives may fluctuate more than
the relevant underlying commodity or commodities or commodity index. See Derivatives Risk below
for a discussion of certain specific risks of the Funds derivatives investments, including
commodity-related derivatives.
The Fund invests in derivatives, which are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is
derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices. Derivatives may relate
to commodities and commodity indices, as well as securities, interest rates, currencies or currency
exchange rates, and related indices. The Fund may use derivatives for many purposes, including
hedging, and, in particular, will use commodity-related derivatives as a substitute for direct
investment in commodities. The Fund also may use derivatives as a way to adjust its exposure to
various securities, markets, and currencies without actually having to sell existing investments
and make new investments. This generally is done when the adjustment is expected to be relatively
temporary or in anticipation of selling Fund assets and making new investments over time. The SAI
contains a description of the various derivatives the Fund may utilize.
The use of derivatives may involve risks different from, or potentially greater than, the
risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets, including
commodities. In particular, the use of derivatives exposes the Fund to the risk that the
counterparty to an OTC derivative contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement
payments or otherwise to honor its obligations. OTC derivative contracts typically can be closed
out only with the other party to the contract. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have
contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will meet its contractual
obligations or that the Fund will be able to enforce its contractual rights. For example, because
the contract for each OTC derivative is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the
Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the
definition of default) differently than the Fund. If that occurs, the cost and unpredictability of
the legal proceedings required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide
not to pursue its claims against the counterparty. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it
may be unable to obtain payments the Manager believes are owed to it under OTC derivative contracts
or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of
litigation. In addition, the Fund may invest in derivatives as to which the counterpartys
obligations are not secured by collateral (e.g., foreign currency forwards), that require
collateral but in which the Funds security interest is not perfected, or in which the derivative
is not regularly marked-to-market (e.g., certain OTC derivatives). When the counterparties
obligations are not secured by collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the risk of having limited
recourse if a counterparty defaults. Due to the nature of the Funds investments, the Fund may
invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties and events that affect the
creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the Fund.
Derivatives also are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, and credit and counterparty risk. Since the value of
derivatives is calculated and derived from the value of other assets, instruments, or references,
the derivatives may be improperly valued. Derivatives also involve the risk that changes in their
value may not correlate perfectly with the assets, rates, or indices they are designed to hedge or
closely track. The use of derivatives also may increase the taxes payable by shareholders.
Suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances. For example, if a
counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will not be
permitted to trade with that counterparty. In addition, the Manager may decide not to use
derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce risk exposure.
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Derivatives risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund. A basic component of the Funds
principal investment strategies involves using derivatives, in particular commodity swap contracts,
commodity futures, and other exchange-traded and OTC commodity-related derivatives, to gain
indirect exposure to the investment returns of commodities that trade in the commodity markets.
Swap contracts and other OTC derivatives, in particular, can be difficult to value, are highly
susceptible to liquidity risk (see Liquidity Risk below) and credit and counterparty risk (see
Credit and Counterparty Risk below), and are subject to documentation risks. Swap contracts and
other OTC derivatives also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, and there can be
no assurance that the pricing models employed by the Funds third-party valuation services and/or
the Manager will produce valuations that are reflective of levels at which such swaps and OTC
derivatives may actually be closed out or sold. This valuation risk will be more pronounced in
cases where the Fund enters into swaps and OTC derivatives with specialized terms because the value
of those derivatives may in some cases be determined in part by reference to similar derivatives
with more standardized terms. In addition, see Commodities Risk above for a discussion of certain
risks specific to commodity-related derivatives. There can be no assurance that the Funds use of
derivatives will be effective or will have the desired results.
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CREDIT AND COUNTERPARTY RISK
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This is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security, the counterparty to
an OTC derivative contract, or a borrower of the Funds securities will be unable or unwilling to
make timely principal, interest, or settlement payments or otherwise to honor its obligations.
Credit risk for fixed income securities is the risk that the issuer will be unable to make
scheduled contractual payments of principal and interest. The value of the Funds investments can
decline as a result of an issuers defaulting in its payment obligations or the markets
expectation of a default. The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuers of the fixed income
securities in which it invests will have their credit ratings downgraded. Nearly all fixed income
securities are subject to some credit risk. The risk varies depending upon whether the issuers of
the securities are corporations or domestic or foreign governments or their sub-divisions or
instrumentalities and whether the particular note or other instrument held by the Fund has a
priority in payment of principal and interest. U.S. government securities are subject to varying
degrees of credit risk depending upon whether the securities are supported by the full faith and
credit of the United States, supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, supported
only by the credit of the issuing U.S. government agency, instrumentality, or corporation, or
otherwise supported by the United States. For example, issuers of many types of U.S. government
securities (e.g., the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National
Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home Loan Banks), although chartered or sponsored
by Congress, are not funded by Congressional appropriations, and their fixed income securities,
including mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, are neither guaranteed nor insured by
the U.S. government. These securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government
securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S.
Treasury bonds). Asset-backed securities, whose principal and interest payments are supported by
pools of other assets, such as credit-card receivables, automobile loans, and sub-prime mortgages,
are subject to further risks, including the risk that the obligors of the underlying assets default
on their obligations. See Market Risk Fixed Income Securities below for a discussion of these
risks. The obligations of issuers also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws
affecting the rights and remedies of creditors.
Credit risk is particularly pronounced for below investment grade securities (also known as
junk bonds), which are fixed income securities rated lower than Baa3 by Moodys, BBB- by S&P, or
securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality
to securities so rated. Junk bonds are considered predominantly speculative with respect to the
ability of the issuer to make principal and interest payments. Although offering the potential for
higher investment
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returns, junk bonds often are less liquid than higher quality securities, their issuers
ability to meet principal and interest payments is considered speculative, and they are more
susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions. From time
to time, the Fund may directly or indirectly acquire or hold below investment grade securities. At
such times, it will be subject to these risks.
In addition, the Fund is exposed to counterparty risk because it uses OTC derivatives, in
particular commodity swaps, in implementing its investment program. It will also be exposed to
counterparty risk to the extent it lends its portfolio securities or uses repurchase agreements.
There can be no assurance that a counterparty will meet its obligations, especially during
unusually adverse market conditions. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual
remedies, but the Fund may be unable to enforce its contractual rights. The Fund is subject in
particular to the creditworthiness of counterparties because certain types of swap contracts used
by the Fund may have durations longer than six months. Counterparty risk also may be more
pronounced if a counterpartys obligations are not secured by collateral, the Funds interest in
the collateral is not perfected, or the instrument is not regularly marked-to-market. In addition,
the Fund may have significant exposure to a single counterparty as a result of its use of swaps and
other OTC derivatives.
The Fund is exposed to liquidity risk when low trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large
position, or legal restrictions limit the Funds ability to sell particular securities or close out
derivative positions at an advantageous price. Because the Funds principal investment strategies
involve the use of derivatives (in particular OTC derivatives), it has increased exposure to
liquidity risk. Derivatives (in particular OTC derivatives) are more likely to be fair valued (see
Determination of Net Asset Value below). The Fund also may be exposed to liquidity risk when it
has an obligation to purchase particular securities (e.g., as a result of entering into reverse
repurchase agreements or closing out a short position). Furthermore, since 2007, certain
mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities have experienced limited liquidity. There can be
no assurance that the market will, in the future, become more liquid with respect to such
securities and it may well continue to be volatile for the foreseeable future.
The Funds use of reverse repurchase agreements and other derivatives and securities lending
may cause its portfolio to be leveraged. Leverage increases the Funds portfolio losses when the
value of its investments declines. The Funds portfolio may be leveraged temporarily if it borrows
money to meet redemption requests and/or to settle investment transactions.
The Fund is not limited in the extent to which it may directly or indirectly use derivatives
or in the absolute face value of the derivatives positions it directly or indirectly takes. As a
result, the Funds net long exposure may exceed 100% of its net assets.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Managers ability to achieve
its investment objective. The Manager uses proprietary investment techniques and risk analyses in
making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no assurance that the Manager will
achieve the desired results. The Manager, for example, may fail to use derivatives effectively,
taking long or short positions in a particular type of derivative at disadvantageous times.
Management risk may be particularly pronounced for the Fund because the Manager does not seek to
match the Funds portfolio composition to
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that of its benchmark, and the Funds portfolio composition may differ significantly from that
of its benchmark. To the extent the Fund invests in securities and other assets not included in
its benchmark and/or engages in strategies that cause the Funds performance to differ from that of
its benchmark, its performance will depend on the ability of the Manager to choose securities and
other assets that perform better than securities that are included in the benchmark and/or to
utilize those other strategies in a way that adds value relative to the benchmark.
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MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISK
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The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical events may disrupt securities markets and
adversely affect global economies and markets generally. The war in Iraq has had a substantial
effect on economies and securities markets in the U.S. and worldwide. Terrorism in the U.S. and
around the world has had a similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk. The
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets for
four days, and similar future events are possible. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events
have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have
adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Those events as well
as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions also could adversely
affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit
ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Funds
investments. At such times, the Funds exposure to the risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, and credit and counterparty risk, can increase.
The value of the Funds investments may be adversely affected by acts of terrorism and other
changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions. In addition, market disruptions
might prevent the Fund from implementing its investment program for a period of time. For example,
a disruption may cause the Funds derivative counterparties to discontinue offering derivatives on
certain underlying commodities, securities, reference rates, or indices or to offer such products
on a more limited basis.
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MARKET RISK FIXED INCOME SECURITIES
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The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the risk of unfavorable changes in the value of
the fixed income securities in which the Fund invests. The following summarizes certain general
market risks associated with investments in or exposure to fixed income securities.
A principal risk of the Funds investments in fixed income securities (including bonds, notes,
synthetic debt instruments, and asset-backed securities) is that the value of those securities
typically changes as interest rates fluctuate. This kind of market risk, also called
interest rate risk, is generally greater for funds investing in fixed income securities with
longer durations, although it is present, but to a lesser extent, in the Funds investment in SDCF.
Interest rate risk relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest
rates. The value of fixed-rate securities generally falls when interest rates rise, since
prospective interest payments exceed current payments; the opposite is true when interest rates
fall, since current investments have locked in a higher interest rate. The extent to which a
securitys value moves with interest rates is referred to as interest-rate duration, which can be
measured mathematically or empirically. Longer-maturity investments generally have longer
durations, as the investments fixed rate is locked in for longer. Floating-rate or adjustable-rate
securities, however, generally have short interest rate durations,
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since their interest rates are not fixed but rather float up and down with the level of
prevailing interest rates.
An additional type of market risk exists for the Fund because it may have substantial exposure
to asset-backed securities. Those securities may be backed by many types of assets, including
pools of residential and commercial mortgages, automobile loans, educational loans, home equity
loans, or credit-card receivables. They also may be backed by pools of corporate or sovereign
bonds, bank loans made to corporations, or a combination of these bonds and loans (commonly
referred to as collateralized debt obligations). Payment of interest on asset-backed securities
and repayment of principal largely depend on the cash flows generated by the underlying assets
backing the securities. The amount of market risk associated with asset-backed securities depends
on many factors, including the deal structure (i.e., determination as to the amount of underlying
assets or other support needed to produce the cash flows necessary to service interest and make
principal payments), the quality of the underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any,
provided for the securities, and the credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any.
Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of principal if obligors of the underlying obligations
default in payment of the obligations and the defaulted obligations exceed the credit support. The
underlying obligations, in particular securities backed by pools of residential and commercial
mortgages, also are subject to unscheduled prepayment, particularly during periods of falling
interest rates. The Fund may be unable to invest prepayments at as high a yield as the
asset-backed security.
The value of an asset-backed security may depend on the servicing of its underlying asset and
is, therefore, subject to risks associated with the negligence or defalcation of its servicer. In
some circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation also may affect the rights of security
holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables
or that utilize the assets may result in a decline in the value of the underlying assets as well as
costs and delays. The risks associated with asset-backed securities are particularly pronounced
for the Fund because it may have substantial exposure to asset-backed securities. The Fund also
may be subject to risks related to investing in asset-backed securities backed by different types
of consumer debt (e.g., credit-card receivables, automobile loans, educational loans, and home
equity loans). See Focused Investment Risk below for a discussion of these risks.
To the extent the Fund invests in fixed income securities paying no interest, such as zero
coupon and principal-only and interest-only securities, it will be exposed to additional market
risk.
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FOCUSED INVESTMENT RISK
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Funds whose investments are focused in industries with high positive correlations to one
another (e.g., different industries within broad sectors, such as technology or financial services)
are subject to greater overall risks than funds whose investments are more diversified. Therefore,
those funds should only be considered as part of a diversified portfolio that includes other
investments. A fund that focuses its investments in securities of companies in a particular
industry may be especially vulnerable to events affecting companies in that industry because those
companies may share common characteristics, are often subject to similar business risks and
regulatory burdens, and often react similarly to specific economic, market, political or other
developments. The Fund is subject to these risks because it seeks indirect exposure to various
types of commodities, which may include oil, natural gas, agriculture, precious metals, industrial
metals, and softs, as an integral part of its investment program. The Fund may be further subject
to these risks because of its exposure to asset-backed securities secured by different types of
consumer debt (e.g., credit-card receivables, automobile loans, educational loans, and home equity
loans). See Commodities Risk above for a discussion of the risks of commodities and related
investments and Market RiskFixed Income Securities above for further discussion of the risks
associated with asset-backed securities.
- 8 -
To the extent that shares of the Fund are held by large shareholders (e.g., institutional
investors or asset allocation funds), the Fund is subject to the risk that these shareholders will
reallocate or rebalance their investments. In fact, a substantial percentage of the Fund may be
held by GMO Funds and/or separate accounts managed by the Manager for its clients. Asset
allocation decisions by the Manager may result in substantial redemptions from (or investments
into) the Fund. These transactions will affect the Fund, since the Fund may have to sell portfolio
securities in order to satisfy redemption requests or purchase portfolio securities in order to
invest cash. This risk will be particularly pronounced if one shareholder owns a substantial
portion of the Fund. These transactions may adversely affect the Funds performance to the extent
that the Fund is required to sell investments or invest cash at times when it would not otherwise
do so. These transactions also may accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if
such sales of investments result in gains, and also may increase transaction costs. To the extent
SDCF has large shareholders, the Fund is indirectly subject to this risk.
|
|
|
NON-DIVERSIFICATION RISK
|
Investing in securities of many different issuers can reduce overall risk, while investing in
securities of a small number of issuers can increase it. The Fund is not a diversified
investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940
Act). This means that the Fund is allowed to invest in the securities of a relatively small
number of issuers and/or foreign currencies. As a result, they may be subject to greater credit,
market, and other risks than if the Fund were diversified. In addition, the Fund may invest
without limitation in shares of SDCF, which also is a non-diversified investment company within the
meaning of the 1940 Act. Please refer to Investment in GMO Fund Offered Through Separate Private
Placement Memorandum below for information regarding certain risks and other information relating
to SDCF.
- 9 -
Fees and expenses
The table below shows the expected cost of investing in the Fund.
Annual Fund operating expenses
(expenses that are paid from Fund assets as a percentage of average daily net assets):
|
|
|
|
|
Management fee
|
|
|
0.45
|
%
|
Shareholder service fee
|
|
|
0.15
|
%
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
0.11
|
%
1
|
Acquired fund fees and expenses (underlying Fund expenses)
|
|
|
0.01
|
%
2
|
Total annual fund operating expenses
|
|
|
0.72
|
%
|
Expense reimbursement
|
|
|
(0.11
|
%)
3
|
Net aggregate annual expenses (Fund and underlying Fund expenses)
|
|
|
0.61
|
%
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Other expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.
|
|
2
|
|
The amount indicated is based on the net indirect expenses associated with the Funds
investments in SDCF and the Funds wholly-owned subsidiary (the underlying Funds) for the fiscal
year ended February 29, 2008. Amount does not include expenses
associated with investments in the securities of unaffiliated issuers
unless such issuers hold themselves out to be investment companies. Actual indirect expenses will vary depending on the percentage of
the Funds portfolio invested in the underlying Funds.
|
|
3
|
|
The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund through at least June 30,
2009 to the extent the Funds total annual operating expenses (excluding shareholder service fees,
expenses indirectly incurred by investment in other Funds of the Trust, fees and expenses of the
independent Trustees of the Trust, fees and expenses for legal services not approved by the Manager
for the Trust, compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any
employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities lending fees and expenses, interest expense,
transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments
in any company that is an investment company or would be an investment company under the 1940 Act,
but for the exceptions to the definition of investment company provided in Section 3(c)(1) and
3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other
unusual expenses (including taxes)) exceed
0.45
% of the Funds average daily net assets.
|
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
GMO,
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 provides investment
management and shareholder services to the
Fund and other GMO Funds. GMO is a private company, founded in 1977. As of April 30, 2008, GMO
managed on a worldwide basis more than $138 billion for the GMO Funds and institutional investors,
such as pension plans, endowments, and foundations.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, the Manager establishes and modifies when necessary
the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management
and shareholder services to the Fund, the
Manager administers the Funds business affairs.
The Fund pays the Manager a shareholder service fee for providing client service and
reporting, such as performance information reporting, client account information, personal and
electronic access to Fund information, access to analysis and explanations of Fund reports, and
assistance in maintaining and correcting client-related information.
For
the fiscal year ended February 29, 2008, the Manager received as compensation for
investment management services rendered in such year 0.45% of the Funds average daily net assets.
A
discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the
Funds investment management
contract is included in the Funds shareholder report for the period during which the Trustees
approved that contract.
- 10 -
GMOs
Fixed Income Division is responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund. The
Divisions investment professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no one
person is primarily responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
William Nemerever and Thomas Cooper are the senior members and co-directors of the Fixed
Income Division. Each has been a senior member of the Division since 1993. As senior members and
co-directors, Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper jointly allocate responsibility for portions of the
Funds portfolio to members of the Division, oversee the implementation of trades, review the
overall composition of the portfolio, including compliance with its stated investment objective and
strategies, and monitor cash.
Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper have been jointly responsible for overseeing the portfolio
management of GMOs global fixed income portfolios since 1993. In general, Mr. Nemerever focuses on
investment strategy, while Mr. Cooper focuses on instrument selection.
The SAI contains other information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior
members, other accounts they manage and related conflicts, and their ownership of the Fund.
Custodian, Fund Accounting Agent, and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves
as the Funds custodian, fund accounting agent, and transfer agent. State Street Bank provides
similar services with respect to the Funds wholly owned subsidiary.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close
of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
The Funds NAV per share for a class of shares is determined by dividing the total value of the
Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class
by the total number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. The Fund will not determine its NAV
on any day when the NYSE is closed for business. The Fund also may elect not to determine its NAV
on days during which no share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share
is received by the Fund.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
Exchange-listed securities
|
|
|
Last sale price or
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|
|
|
|
Official closing price or
|
|
|
|
|
Most recent bid price (if no reported sale or official closing price) or
|
|
|
|
|
Broker bid (if the private market is more relevant in determining market value than
the exchange), based on where the securities are principally traded and their intended
disposition
|
Unlisted securities
(if market quotations are readily available)
|
|
|
Most recent quoted bid price
|
Certain debt obligations
(if less than sixty days remain until maturity)
- 11 -
|
|
|
Amortized cost (unless circumstances dictate otherwise; for example, if the issuers
creditworthiness has become impaired)
|
All other fixed income securities and options on those securities (except for options written by
the Fund)
(includes bonds, loans, structured notes)
|
|
|
Most recent bid supplied by a primary pricing source chosen by the Manager
|
Options written by the Fund
Shares of other GMO Funds and other open-end registered investment companies
|
|
|
NAV at the time of valuation of shares of the Fund
|
Fair Value Pricing
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where market prices
are not readily available or circumstances render an existing methodology or procedure unreliable,
the Funds investments will be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees
or pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
|
4
|
|
A significant percentage of the Funds assets may be fair valued.
The value of assets that are fair valued is determined by the Trustees or persons
acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees. Some of
the factors that may be considered in determining fair value are the value of
other financial instruments traded on other markets, trading volumes, changes in
interest rates, observations from financial institutions, significant events (which
may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities
indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the time that
the Funds net asset value is calculated, and other news events. Although the goal
of fair valuation is to determine the amount the owner of the securities might
reasonably expect to receive upon their current sale, because of the subjective and
variable nature of fair value pricing, the fair value determined for a particular
security may be materially different than the value realized upon its sale.
|
The values of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars
generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time at then current exchange rates or at such other rates as the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction may determine appropriate in computing net asset
value.
The Manager evaluates primary pricing sources from time to time, and may change any pricing
source at any time. However, the Manager does not normally evaluate the prices supplied by the
pricing sources on a day-to-day basis. The Manager is kept informed of erratic or unusual
movements (including unusual inactivity) in the prices supplied for a security and may in its
discretion override a price supplied by a source (by taking a price supplied by another) when the
Manager believes that the price supplied is not reliable. Some securities may be valued on the
basis of a price provided by a principal market maker. Prices provided by principal market makers
may vary from the value that would be realized if the securities were sold. In addition, because
the Fund may hold portfolio securities listed on foreign
- 12 -
exchanges that trade on days on which the NYSE is closed, the net asset value of the Funds
shares may change significantly on days when shares cannot be redeemed.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings. That
policy is described in the SAI. Information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each
months end is made available to shareholders of the Trust, qualified potential shareholders as
determined by GMO (potential shareholders), and their consultants or agents through a secured
link on GMOs website approximately five days after month end. Shareholders, potential
shareholders, and their consultants or agents also will be able to access the portfolio holdings of
SDCF when that information becomes available each month on GMOs website.
To access this information on GMOs website (http://www.gmo.com/america/strategies),
shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents must contact GMO to obtain a
password and user name (to the extent they do not already have them) and enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that permits the information to be used only for
purposes determined by GMO to be in the best interest of the
shareholders of the Fund. GMO may make portfolio holdings information
available in alternate formats under the conditions described in the
SAI.
The
Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings, and the Fund may modify the
disclosure policy, without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings will
remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual
report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the
date of those holdings.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Currently, shares of the Fund are principally available for purchase by other GMO Funds and
certain other accredited investors. All investors must be accredited investors as defined in
Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933.
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares from the Trust when the NYSE
is open for business. For instructions on purchasing shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or
send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust will not accept a purchase request unless a completed GMO
Trust Application, and IRS Form W-9 (for U.S. shareholders) or the appropriate IRS Form W-8 (for
foreign shareholders) with a correct taxpayer identification number
(if required), is on file with
GMO.
Purchase Policies
.
You must submit a purchase request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a purchase request is in good order if it includes:
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|
|
The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being purchased;
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|
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|
The U.S. dollar amount of the shares to be purchased;
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|
|
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|
The date on which the purchase is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the close
of regular trading on that date);
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|
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|
The name and/or the account number (if any) set forth with sufficient clarity to
avoid ambiguity;
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|
|
|
|
The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application;
and
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|
|
|
|
Payment in full (by check, wire, or, when approved,
securities) received by an agent of the
Trust by 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or the close of the NYSE, whichever is earlier.
|
- 13 -
|
4
|
|
If payment is not received prior to the close of regular
trading on the intended purchase date, the request may be rejected unless prior
arrangements have been approved by GMO for later payment.
|
If the purchase request is received in good order by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the purchase price for the Fund shares to
be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day. If the good order purchase
request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the purchase price for the Fund
shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day that
the NYSE is open.
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal
law requires the Trust to verify identifying information provided by you in your GMO Trust
Application. Additional identifying documentation also may be required. If the Trust is unable to
verify the information shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed and your
shares redeemed at their net asset value at the time of the redemption.
The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase order. In addition, without notice, the
Fund in its sole discretion may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares to new
investors and, in some circumstances, existing shareholders.
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment required for this Fund.
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (the Cut-off Time) and receive the current days price if
the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a purchase request prior to the
Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the purchases by the Top Funds of shares of the Fund are
executed pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form
. Completed purchase order forms can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust
at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to
confirm good order
receipt and acceptance
of your purchase order form. Do not send cash, checks, or securities
directly to the Trust. Purchase requests submitted by mail are received by the Trust when
actually delivered to the Trust. Purchase requests delivered by facsimile are received by the
Trust when such facsimile is actually received by the Trust or its agent.
Funding Your Investment
. You may purchase shares:
|
|
|
with cash (via wire transfer or check)
|
|
4
|
|
By wire
. Instruct your bank to wire the amount of your investment to:
|
- 14 -
State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts
ABA#: 011-001-438
Attn: Transfer Agent
Credit: GMO Deposit Account 55555-4444
Further credit: GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund/Account name and number
|
4
|
|
By check
. All checks must be made payable to the Fund or to GMO Trust.
The Trust will not accept checks payable to a third party that have been endorsed
by the payee to the Trust. Mail checks to:
|
|
|
|
By U.S. Postal Service:
|
|
By Overnight Courier:
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Transfer Agency/GMO
P.O. Box 642
Mail Code JHT2920
Boston, MA 02117-0642
|
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Attn: Transfer Agency/GMO
200 Clarendon Street
29th Floor Mail Code JHT2920
Boston, MA 02116
|
|
|
|
in exchange for securities acceptable to the Manager
|
|
4
|
|
securities must be approved by the Manager prior to transfer to the Fund
|
|
|
4
|
|
securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
|
|
|
|
by a combination of cash and securities
|
Frequent Trading Activity.
As a matter of policy, the Trust will not honor requests for
purchases or exchanges by shareholders identified as engaging in frequent trading strategies,
including market timing, that could be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders. Frequent trading
strategies are generally strategies that involve repeated exchanges and/or purchases and
redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time. Frequent trading
strategies may be disruptive to the efficient management of the Fund, materially increase portfolio
transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term investors, or otherwise
be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, SDCF (another GMO
Fund in which the Fund may invest, which is offered through a separate private placement
memorandum) does not limit frequent trading because the nature of its investments makes SDCF less
susceptible to the effects of market timing.
The Trustees have adopted procedures designed to detect and prevent frequent trading activity
that is harmful to the Fund and its shareholders (the Procedures). The Procedures include the
fair valuation of foreign securities, periodic surveillance of trading in shareholder accounts,
inquiry as to the nature of trading activity, and if GMO determined that frequent trading is
occurring in an account that has the potential to be harmful to the Fund or its shareholders,
prevention measures, including suspension of a shareholders exchange and purchase privileges.
There is no assurance that the Procedures will be effective in all instances. The Fund will not
automatically redeem shares that are the subject of a rejected exchange request.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares when the NYSE is open for
business. Redemption requests should be submitted to the Trust. For instructions on redeeming
shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust may take up
to seven days to remit proceeds.
- 15 -
Redemption Policies
.
You must submit a redemption request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a redemption request is in good order if it includes:
|
|
|
The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being redeemed;
|
|
|
|
|
The number of shares or the dollar amount of the shares to be redeemed;
|
|
|
|
|
The date on which the redemption is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the
close of regular trading on that date);
|
|
|
|
|
The name and/or the account number set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid
ambiguity;
|
|
|
|
|
The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list; and
|
|
|
|
|
Wire instructions or registration address that match the wire instructions or
registration address (as applicable) on file at GMO or confirmation from an authorized
signatory that the wire instructions are valid.
|
If the redemption request is received in good order by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the redemption price for the Fund shares to
be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on that day. If the good order redemption
request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the redemption price for the
Fund shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day
unless an authorized person on the account has instructed GMO Shareholder Services in writing to
defer the redemption to another day. In the event of a disaster affecting Boston, Massachusetts,
please contact GMO to confirm good order receipt of your redemption request. If you have
instructed GMO Shareholder Services to defer the redemption to another day an authorized person on
the account may revoke your redemption request in writing at any time prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern
time on the redemption date.
Failure to provide the Trust with a properly authorized redemption request or otherwise
satisfy the Trust as to the validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address
will result in a delay in processing a redemption request, delay in remittance of redemption
proceeds, or a rejection of the redemption request.
If the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that a redemption payment wholly or partly
in cash would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay
the redemption proceeds in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund instead of cash.
If a redemption is paid in cash:
|
|
|
payment generally will be made by means of federal funds transfer to the bank
account designated in a recordable format by an authorized signatory in the GMO Trust
Application to purchase the Fund shares being redeemed
|
|
4
|
|
designation of one or more additional bank accounts or any change in
the bank accounts originally designated in the GMO Trust Application must be made
in a recordable format by an authorized signatory according to the procedures in
the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form
|
|
|
|
upon request, payment will be made by check mailed to the registration address
(unless another address is specified according to the procedures in the GMO Trust
Redemption Order Form).
|
- 16 -
If a redemption is paid with securities, it is important for you to note:
|
|
|
securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as set forth under
Determination of Net Asset Value
|
|
|
|
|
securities distributed by the Fund will be selected by the Manager in light of the
Funds objective and may not represent a pro rata distribution of each security held in
the Funds portfolio
|
|
|
|
|
you may incur brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result
of an in-kind redemption
|
|
|
|
|
in-kind redemptions generally are treated by shareholders for
tax purposes the same as redemptions paid in cash
|
|
|
|
|
in-kind redemptions will be transferred and delivered by the Trust as directed in
writing by an authorized person on the account.
|
The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven
days:
|
|
|
if the NYSE is closed on days other than weekends or holidays
|
|
|
|
|
during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted
|
|
|
|
|
during an emergency which makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its
securities or to fairly determine the net asset value of the Fund
|
|
|
|
|
during any other period permitted by the SEC for your protection.
|
Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has
the right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder unilaterally at any time if at that time:
(i) the shares of the Fund or a class held by the shareholder have an aggregate net asset value of
less than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) the shares of the Fund or
a class held by the shareholder exceed a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or a
class determined from time to time by the Trustees. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole
discretion to redeem shares held by certain shareholders to prevent the shareholder from becoming
an affiliated person of the Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days
price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption request prior to
the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Redemption Request
.
Redemption requests can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
to the Trust at the address/facsimile number set forth under How to Purchase Shares -
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Redemption requests submitted by mail are received by the
Trust when actually delivered to the Trust. Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com to
confirm good order receipt and acceptance
of redemption requests.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Fund does not intend to make any distributions to its shareholders but may do so in the
sole discretion of the Trustees. Shareholders should read the description below for information
regarding the tax character of distributions, if any, and allocations from the Fund to
shareholders.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to
shareholders investing in the Fund. The Funds shareholders are expected to be principally other
funds of the Trust, which are regulated investment companies (RICs) as defined by the Internal
Revenue Code
- 17 -
of 1986, as amended. The summary below does not address tax consequences to shareholders of
those other funds. Shareholders of those other funds should refer to the prospectuses or private
placement memoranda (as applicable) and statements of additional information for those funds for a
summary of the tax consequences applicable to them.
|
|
|
The Fund has elected to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. As a partnership, the Fund is not itself subject to federal income tax.
Instead, each shareholder will be required to take into account its distributive share
of items of Fund income, gain, loss, deduction, credit, and tax preference for each
taxable year substantially as though such items had been realized directly by the
shareholder and without regard to whether any distribution by the Fund has been or will
be received. Allocations of taxable income, gain, loss, deductions, credits and tax
preferences of the Fund will be made in accordance with the economics of the Fund as
determined at the Funds discretion.
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|
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|
The Fund will provide tax information on Schedule K-1 to each shareholder following
the close of the Funds taxable year. Each shareholder will be responsible for keeping
its own records for determining its tax basis in its shares and for the preparation and
filing of its own tax returns. Shareholders should expect to file for extensions for
the completion of their U.S. federal, state, local and other tax returns.
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions will be made as determined at the Funds discretion. Due to potential
timing differences between income recognition for tax purposes and actual cash
distributions, it is possible that a shareholder could recognize income from the Fund
in excess of actual cash distributions made prior to the date the income must be
distributed by a RIC shareholder or the liability for the tax on the income is
otherwise due. In general, distributions of money (including in satisfaction of
redemption requests) by the Fund to a shareholder will represent a nontaxable return of
capital to that shareholder up to the amount of the shareholders adjusted tax basis in
its Fund shares. A distribution in partial or complete redemption of a shareholders
shares in the Fund is taxable to that shareholder as a sale or exchange only to the
extent the amount of money received by the shareholder exceeds the shareholders
adjusted tax basis in its Fund shares. Any loss may be recognized by a shareholder
only if it redeems all of its Fund shares for money. Any gain recognized may be
treated by a shareholder as ordinary income to the extent of its share of the Funds
unrealized receivables (such as accrued market discount) and substantially
appreciated inventory, if any. A shareholder generally will not recognize gain or loss
on an in-kind distribution of property from the Fund. However, certain exceptions to
this general rule may apply. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
|
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|
|
In general, in order to qualify as a RIC, a shareholder must, among other things,
derive 90% of its gross income from certain specified sources (good income). Because
shareholders will be required to take into account their distributive share of items of
Fund income for each taxable year as though such items had been realized directly by
the shareholder, special tax considerations apply to shareholders that are RICs. The
Funds investment in a wholly owned subsidiary company is expected to generate good
income for shareholders that are RICs. However, there is a risk that the Internal
Revenue Service could recharacterize this investment in such a manner that it could
generate bad income (i.e., non-qualifying income) for shareholders that are RICs.
The Fund believes that the risk of such a recharacterization is remote.
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- 18 -
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|
Furthermore, the Funds investment in certain types of securities and other assets,
including the subsidiary, asset-backed securities, debt obligations issued or purchased
at a discount, assets marked to the market for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
interests in REITs, entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, foreign currencies, certain types of foreign securities, and, potentially,
so-called indexed securities (such as inflation-indexed bonds), may increase or
accelerate the recognition of income by Fund shareholders, including recognition of
taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such investments.
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The Funds investments in derivatives (such as options, futures, and swap contracts)
and securities lending may affect the timing, character, and/or amount, of income
recognized by its shareholders. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
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An allocable share of a tax-exempt shareholders income will likely be UBTI to the
extent that the Fund borrows money (including through the use of reverse repurchase
agreements) to acquire investments or invests in assets that produce UBTI.
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The subsidiary may be subject to U.S. withholding tax on certain categories of its
U.S.-source income. All of the subsidiarys taxable income is expected to be
includible in the Funds income at the end of its tax year, whether or not distributed,
and all of such income is expected to be ordinary.
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The timing, character, and/or amount of income and capital gains recognized by Fund
shareholders as a result of the Funds investment in other investment companies may
differ from the timing, character, and/or amount of income and gains that Fund
shareholders would have recognized had the Fund invested directly in the securities
held by those investment companies. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
The above is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations.
You should consult your own tax advisers about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the
Fund in light of your particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local, or other
applicable taxes (including the federal alternative minimum tax). See Taxes in the SAI for more
information, including a summary of certain tax consequences of investing in the Fund for non-U.S.
shareholders.
- 19 -
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(For a share outstanding throughout each period)
The consolidated financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Funds financial
performance for the period of the Funds operations. Certain information reflects financial
results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an
investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all
dividends and distributions). Information presented in the table includes the accounts of the Fund
and its wholly owned subsidiary GMO Alternative Asset SPC Ltd. The consolidated financial
highlights include 100% of the assets and liabilities of GMO Alternative Asset SPC Ltd. All
significant interfund accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds financial statements, is included in the
Funds Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference in the SAI and available upon request.
GMO ALTERNATIVE ASSET OPPORTUNITY FUND
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Period from
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April 11, 2005
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(commencement
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of operations) to
|
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Year Ended February 28/29,
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February 28,
|
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2008
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2007
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2006
|
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Net asset value, beginning of period
|
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$
|
28.54
|
|
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$
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26.63
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|
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$
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25.00
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Income (loss) from investment operations:
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Net investment income (loss)
(a)
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0.69
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|
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1.28
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0.73
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Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
|
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3.88
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(d)
|
|
|
0.63
|
|
|
|
0.90
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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Total from investment operations
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4.57
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1.91
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1.63
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Net asset value, end of period
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$
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33.11
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$
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28.54
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|
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$
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26.63
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Total Return
(b)
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16.01
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%
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7.17
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%
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6.52
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%
**
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Ratios/Supplemental Data:
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Net assets, end of period (000s)
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$
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33,972
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$
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174,514
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$
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181,947
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Net expenses to average daily net assets
(c)
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0.60
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%
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|
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0.60
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%
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|
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0.61
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%
*
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Net investment income to average daily net assets
(a)
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|
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2.41
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%
|
|
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4.60
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%
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|
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3.12
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%
*
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Portfolio turnover rate
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24
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%
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12
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%
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13
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%
**
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Fees and expenses reimbursed by the Manager to average
daily net assets
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0.21
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%
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0.12
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%
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|
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0.15
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%
*
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(a)
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Net investment income is affected by the timing of the declaration of dividends by
the underlying funds in which the Fund invests.
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(b)
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Total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been reimbursed during
the periods shown.
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(c)
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Net expenses exclude expenses incurred indirectly through investment in the
underlying funds.
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(d)
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The amount shown for a share outstanding does not correspond with the aggregate net
realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments due to the timing of purchases and redemptions
of Fund shares in relation to fluctuating market values of the investments of the Fund.
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Calculated using average shares outstanding throughout the period.
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*
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Annualized.
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**
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Not annualized.
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- 20 -
INVESTMENT IN GMO FUND OFFERED THROUGH SEPARATE PRIVATE
PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM
GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund.
GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund (SDCF), a portfolio
of the Trust, is offered through a separate private placement memorandum. Shares of SDCF are not
publicly offered and are principally available only to other GMO Funds and certain other accredited
investors. SDCF is managed by GMO, and is intended to provide an efficient means for other GMO
Funds (i) to achieve exposure to assets they might otherwise acquire directly, (ii) to invest cash
held by those Funds, and/or (iii) to generate a return comparable to LIBOR for those Funds.
SDCF does not pay any investment management or shareholder service fees to the Manager. In
addition, the Manager has agreed to reimburse SDCF for Fund expenses through at least June 30, 2009
(excluding fees and expenses of the independent trustees of the Trust, fees and expenses for legal
services not approved by the Manager for the Trust, compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief
Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions and other
investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments in any company that is an
investment company or would be an investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions to
the definition of investment company provided in Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act),
hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses
(including taxes), securities-lending fees and expenses, interest expense, and transfer taxes).
SDCFs investment objective is total return comparable to that of its benchmark, the JPMorgan
U.S. 3 Month Cash Index, which is independently maintained and published by JPMorgan. The Index
measures the total return performance of three-month U.S. dollar Euro-deposits. SDCF is a
non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act.
SDCF seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in high quality U.S. and
foreign adjustable rate fixed income securities with low volatility (although market changes may
indirectly result in volatility). Fixed income securities in which SDCF invests include securities
issued by a wide range of private issuers and, to a lesser extent, securities issued by federal,
state, local, and foreign governments (including securities neither guaranteed nor insured by the
U.S. government). SDCF may invest a substantial portion of its assets in asset-backed securities,
including, but not limited to, securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages,
credit-card receivables, home equity loans, automobile loans, educational loans, corporate and
sovereign bonds, and bank loans made to corporations. In addition, SDCF may invest in government
securities, corporate debt securities, money market instruments, and commercial paper, and enter
into credit default swaps, reverse repurchase agreements, and repurchase agreements. SDCF also may
use exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, including swap contracts, futures
contracts, options on futures, options on swaps (or swaptions) and other types of options, and
forward currency contracts. SDCFs fixed income securities primarily have adjustable interest
rates (or may be hedged using derivatives to convert the fixed rate interest payments into
adjustable rate interest payments), but may also include all types of interest rate, payment, and
reset terms, including fixed rate, zero coupon, contingent, deferred, payment-in-kind, and auction
rate features. SDCF may hold fixed income securities whose ratings after they were acquired were
reduced below investment grade.
In selecting fixed income securities for SDCFs portfolio, the Manager focuses primarily on
the securities credit quality. The Manager uses fundamental investment techniques to identify the
credit risk associated with investments in particular fixed income securities and bases its
investment decisions on that risk determination.
- 21 -
The Manager normally seeks to maintain a duration of 365 days or less for SDCFs portfolio.
SDCFs dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity may be substantially longer than SDCFs
dollar-weighted average portfolio duration.
To the extent the Fund invests in SDCF, it is subject to the risks associated with an
investment in fixed income securities. The principal risks of an investment in SDCF include
Management Risk, Market RiskFixed Income Securities, Liquidity Risk, Focused Investment Risk,
Derivatives Risk, Credit and Counterparty Risk, Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk,
Non-Diversification Risk, and Large Shareholder Risk. Shareholders of the Fund are indirectly
exposed to these risks, in addition to all risks associated with their investment in the Fund.
- 22 -
GMO TRUST
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders contain additional information about
the Funds investments. The Funds annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions
and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal
year. The Funds annual and semiannual reports and the Funds SAI are available free of charge by
writing to Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling
collect at 1-617-346-7646. Because the Fund does not publicly offer its shares, its shareholder
reports and SAI are not available on GMOs website. The SAI contains more detailed information
about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum, which means
that it is legally considered to be part of this Private Placement Memorandum.
You can review and copy the Private Placement Memorandum, SAI, and reports at the SECs Public
Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference
Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the
Fund are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies
of this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at
the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the
SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written
communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust
Chief Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM
June 27, 2008
GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund
(the Fund) is a separate investment portfolio of GMO
Trust (the Trust). The Trust is an open-end management investment company and operates as a
series investment company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, including
the Fund. Other portfolios are offered pursuant to separate prospectuses. At this time, the Fund
does not intend to offer its shares publicly or to make them available other than to other funds of
the Trust (GMO Funds) and certain other accredited investors. The Fund is intended to provide an
efficient means for other GMO Funds to achieve exposure to assets that they might otherwise acquire
directly, to invest cash held by those Funds and/or to generate a cash-like return for those Funds.
Investment Manager
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
This Private Placement Memorandum concisely describes the information which you ought to know
about the Fund before investing. Please read this memorandum carefully and keep it for further
reference. A Statement of Additional Information dated June 27, 2008, as revised from time to time
(SAI), is available free of charge by writing to GMO Shareholder Services, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling 1-617-346-7646. The SAI, which contains more detailed
information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum.
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS
AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD UNLESS SO
REGISTERED OR IN TRANSACTIONS EXEMPT THEREFROM. HOWEVER, THE SECURITIES ARE REDEEMABLE AS
DESCRIBED IN THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM. IN CERTAIN CASES INVESTORS MAY BE REDEEMED IN
KIND AND RECEIVE PORTFOLIO SECURITIES HELD BY THE FUND IN LIEU OF CASH UPON REDEMPTION.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION WITH
RESPECT TO THE SHARES EXCEPT SUCH INFORMATION AS IS CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM AND IN THE SAI OR
IN OTHER MATERIALS APPROVED BY THE TRUST. NO SALES MADE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES
CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN MATTERS DISCUSSED HEREIN SINCE THE DATE
HEREOF.
FUND SUMMARY
This summary is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments, employ strategies, and
be exposed to risks that are not described in this summary. More information about the Funds
investments and strategies is contained in the SAI. Except for policies identified in the SAI as
fundamental, the Funds Board of Trustees (Trustees) may change the Funds investment objective
or policies without shareholder approval. The Funds investment manager is Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO) (see Management of the Fund below for a description
of the Manager).
Investment objective
Total return comparable to that of its benchmark.
Principal investment strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in high quality U.S.
and foreign adjustable rate fixed income securities with low volatility (although market changes
may indirectly result in volatility). Fixed income securities in which the Fund invests include
securities issued by a wide range of private issuers and, to a lesser extent, securities issued by
federal, state, local, and foreign governments (including securities neither guaranteed nor insured
by the U.S. government). The Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in asset-backed
securities, including, but not limited to, securities backed by pools of residential and commercial
mortgages, credit-card receivables, home equity loans, automobile loans, educational loans,
corporate and sovereign bonds, and bank loans made to corporations. In addition, the Fund may
invest in government securities, corporate debt securities, money market instruments, and
commercial paper, and enter into credit default swaps, reverse repurchase agreements, and
repurchase agreements. The Fund also may use exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC)
derivatives, including swap contracts, futures contracts, options on futures, options on swaps (or
swaptions) and other types of options, and forward currency contracts. The Funds fixed income
securities primarily have adjustable interest rates (or may be hedged using derivatives to convert
the fixed rate interest payments into adjustable rate interest payments), but may also include all
types of interest rate, payment, and reset terms, including fixed rate, zero coupon, contingent,
deferred, payment-in-kind, and auction rate features. The Fund may hold fixed income securities
whose ratings after they were acquired were reduced below investment grade.
In selecting fixed income securities for the Funds portfolio, the Manager focuses primarily
on the securities credit quality. The Manager uses fundamental investment techniques to identify
the credit risk associated with investments in particular fixed income securities and bases its
investment decisions on that risk determination.
The Manager normally seeks to maintain a duration of 365 days or less for the Funds
portfolio. The Funds dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity may be substantially longer than
its dollar-weighted average portfolio duration. The Manager determines the Funds dollar-weighted
average portfolio duration by aggregating the durations of the Funds individual holdings and
weighting each holding based on its market value. The Manager may determine duration by
traditional means or through empirical analysis, which may produce results that differ from those
produced by traditional methods of calculating duration.
Unless otherwise specified in this Private Placement Memorandum or in the SAI, the Manager is
not obligated to and generally will not consider tax consequences when seeking to achieve the
Funds investment objective (e.g., the Fund may engage in transactions that are not tax efficient
for shareholders subject to U.S. federal income tax). Portfolio turnover is not a principal
consideration when the Manager
-1-
makes investment decisions for the Fund. Based on its assessment of market conditions, the
Manager may trade the Funds investments more frequently at some times than at others. High
turnover rates may adversely affect the Funds performance by generating additional expenses and
may result in additional taxable income for its shareholders.
When used in this Private Placement Memorandum, the term invest includes both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct investments and
indirect investments. For instance, the Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by
investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the
underlying asset.
In addition, the term fixed income securities includes (i) obligations of an
issuer to make payments of principal and/or interest on future dates and (ii) synthetic debt
instruments created by the Manager by combining a futures contract, swap contract, or option on a
non-synthetic fixed income security with cash, a cash equivalent, or a non-synthetic fixed income
security.
In addition, for purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, the term investment grade
refers to a rating of Baa3/BBB- or better given by Moodys Investors Service, Inc.
(Moodys)/Standard & Poors Ratings Services (S&P) to a particular fixed income security, and
the term below investment grade refers to any rating below Baa3/BBB- given by Moodys/S&P to a
particular fixed income security. Securities rated below investment grade are also known as junk
bonds. In addition, in this Private Placement Memorandum, investment grade securities that are
given a rating of Aa/AA or better by Moodys/S&P are referred to as high quality. Securities
referred to as investment grade, below investment grade, or high quality include not only
securities rated by Moodys and S&P, but also securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are
determined by the Manager to have credit qualities comparable to securities rated by Moodys and/or
S&P as investment grade, below investment grade, or high quality, as applicable.
Benchmark
The Funds benchmark is the JPMorgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index, which is independently
maintained and published by JPMorgan. The Index measures the total return performance of
three-month U.S. dollar Euro-deposits.
Principal risks of investing in the Fund
The value of the Funds shares changes with the value of the Funds investments. Many factors
can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. Factors that may affect
the portfolio as a whole are called principal risks and are summarized in this section. This
summary describes the nature of these principal risks and certain related risks, but is not
intended to include every potential risk. The Fund could be subject to additional risks because
the types of investments it makes may change over time. The SAI includes more information about
the Fund and its investments. The Fund, by itself, is not intended to provide a complete
investment program, and an investment in the Fund should only be considered as part of a
diversified portfolio that includes other investments.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Managers ability to achieve
its investment objective. The Manager uses proprietary investment techniques and risk analyses in
making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no assurance that the Manager will
achieve the desired results. The Manager, for example, may fail to use derivatives effectively,
choosing to hedge or not to hedge positions at disadvantageous times. The Fund generally does not
attempt to time the market and instead generally stays fully invested in fixed income securities
and related derivative instruments. The
-2-
Fund may buy securities not included in its benchmark, hold securities in very different
proportions than its benchmark, and/or engage in other strategies that cause its performance to
differ from that of its benchmark. In those cases, the Funds performance will depend on the
ability of the Manager to choose securities that perform better than securities that are included
in the benchmark and/or to utilize those other strategies in a way that adds value relative to the
benchmark.
|
|
|
MARKET RISK FIXED INCOME SECURITIES
|
The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the risk of unfavorable changes in the value of
the fixed income securities in which the Fund invests. The following summarizes certain general
market risks associated with investments in fixed income securities.
A principal risk of the Funds investments in fixed income securities (including bonds, notes,
synthetic debt instruments, and asset-backed securities) is that the value of those securities
typically changes as interest rates fluctuate. This kind of market risk, also called interest rate
risk, is generally greater for funds investing in fixed income securities with longer durations,
although it is present, but to a lesser extent, in the Fund.
Interest rate risk relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest
rates. The value of fixed-rate securities generally falls when interest rates rise, since
prospective interest payments exceed current payments; the opposite is true when interest rates
fall, since current investments have locked in a higher interest rate. The extent to which a
securitys value moves with interest rates is referred to as interest-rate duration, which can be
measured mathematically or empirically. Longer-maturity investments generally have longer
durations, as the investments fixed rate is locked in for longer. Floating-rate or adjustable-rate
securities, however, generally have short interest rate durations, since their interest rates are
not fixed but rather float up and down with the level of prevailing interest rates.
An additional type of market risk exists for the Fund by virtue of its investments in
asset-backed securities. Those securities may be backed by many types of assets, including pools
of residential and commercial mortgages, automobile loans, educational loans, home equity loans, or
credit-card receivables. They also may be backed by pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank
loans made to corporations, or a combination of these bonds and loans (commonly referred to as
collateralized debt obligations). Payment of interest on asset-backed securities and repayment
of principal largely depend on the cash flows generated by the underlying assets backing the
securities. The amount of market risk associated with asset-backed securities depends on many
factors, including the deal structure (i.e., determination as to the amount of underlying assets or
other support needed to produce the cash flows necessary to service interest and make principal
payments), the quality of the underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for
the securities, and the credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed
securities involve risk of loss of principal if obligors of the underlying obligations default in
payment of the obligations and the defaulted obligations exceed the credit support. The underlying
obligations, in particular securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, also
are subject to unscheduled prepayment, particularly during periods of falling interest rates. The
Fund may be unable to invest prepayments at as high a yield as the asset-backed security.
The value of an asset-backed security may depend on the servicing of its underlying asset and
is, therefore, subject to risks associated with the negligence or defalcation of its servicer. In
some circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation also may affect the rights of security
holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables
or that utilize the assets may result in a decline in the value of the underlying assets, as well
as costs and delays. The risks associated with asset-backed securities are particularly pronounced
for the Fund because it may invest a
-3-
substantial portion of its assets in asset-backed securities. The Fund also may be subject to
risks related to investing in asset-backed securities backed by different types of consumer debt
(e.g., credit-card receivables, automobile loans, educational loans, and home equity loans). See
Focused Investment Risk below for a discussion of these risks.
The Fund is exposed to liquidity risk when low trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large
position, or legal restrictions limit the Funds ability to sell particular securities or close out
derivative positions at an advantageous price. Because the Funds principal investment strategies
involve investing in high quality fixed income securities, in particular asset-backed securities,
that may be less liquid than the securities in the Funds benchmark, its investments may not be as
liquid as those of other high quality fixed income funds. The Fund also will have increased
exposure to liquidity risk to the extent it uses derivatives (in particular OTC derivatives) as
part of its principal investment strategies. The Fund also may be exposed to liquidity risk when
it has an obligation to purchase particular securities (e.g., as a result of entering into reverse
repurchase agreements or closing out a short position). Furthermore, since 2007, certain
mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities have experienced limited liquidity. There can be
no assurance that the market will, in the future, become more liquid with respect to such
securities and it may well continue to be volatile for the foreseeable future.
|
|
|
FOCUSED INVESTMENT RISK
|
Funds whose investments are focused in industries with high positive correlations to one
another (e.g., different industries within broad sectors, such as technology or financial services)
are subject to greater overall risk than funds whose investments are more diversified. Therefore,
those funds should only be considered as part of a diversified portfolio that includes other
investments. A fund that focuses its investments in securities of companies in a particular
industry may be especially vulnerable to events affecting companies in that industry because those
companies may share common characteristics, are often subject to similar business risks and
regulatory burdens, and often react similarly to specific economic, market, political, or other
developments. This risk may be particularly pronounced for the Fund because of its exposure to
asset-backed securities secured by different types of consumer debt (e.g., credit-card receivables,
automobile loans, educational loans, and home equity loans). See Market Risk Fixed Income
Securities above for further discussion of the risks associated with asset-backed securities.
The Fund may invest in derivatives, which are financial contracts whose value depends on, or
is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices. Derivatives may
relate to securities, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, and related indices.
The Fund may use derivatives for many purposes, including hedging and as a substitute for direct
investment in securities. The Fund also may use derivatives as a way to adjust its exposure to
various securities, markets, and currencies without actually having to sell existing investments
and make new investments. This generally is done when the adjustment is expected to be relatively
temporary or in anticipation of selling Fund assets and making new investments over time. The SAI
contains a description of the various derivatives that the Fund may utilize.
The use of derivatives may involve risks different from, or potentially greater than, the
risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. In
particular, the use of derivatives exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty to an OTC
derivative contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise to
honor its obligations. OTC derivative
-4-
contracts typically can be closed out only with the other party to the contract. If the
counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that
the counterparty will meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will be able to enforce its
contractual rights. For example, because the contract for each OTC derivative is individually
negotiated with a specific counterparty, the Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty may
interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the Fund. If that
occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund to enforce its
contractual rights may lead the Fund to decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty.
The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments the Manager believes
are owed to it under OTC derivative contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only
after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, the Fund may invest in
derivatives as to which the counterpartys obligations are not secured by collateral (e.g., foreign
currency forwards), that require collateral but in which the Funds security interest is not
perfected, or in which the derivative is not regularly marked-to-market (e.g., certain OTC
derivatives). When the counterparties obligations are not secured by collateral, the Fund will be
exposed to the risk of having limited recourse if a counterparty defaults. Due to the nature of
the Funds investments, the Fund may invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties
and events that affect the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced
effect on the Fund.
Derivatives also are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, and credit and counterparty risk. Since the
value of derivatives is calculated and derived from the value of other assets, instruments, or
references, the derivatives may be improperly valued. Derivatives also involve the risk that
changes in their value may not correlate perfectly with the assets, rates, or indices they are
designed to hedge or closely track. The use of derivatives also may increase the taxes payable by
shareholders.
Suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances. For example, if a
counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will not be
permitted to trade with that counterparty. In addition, the Manager may decide not to use
derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce risk. There can be no assurance that the Funds use of
derivatives will be effective or will have the desired results.
|
|
|
CREDIT AND COUNTERPARTY RISK
|
This is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security, the counterparty to
an OTC derivative contract, or a borrower of the Funds securities will be unable or unwilling to
make timely principal, interest, or settlement payments or otherwise to honor its obligations.
Credit risk for fixed income securities is the risk that the issuer will be unable to make
scheduled contractual payments of principal and interest. The value of the Funds investments can
decline as a result of an issuers defaulting in its payment obligations or the markets
expectation of a default. The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuers of the fixed income
securities in which it invests will have their credit ratings downgraded. Nearly all fixed income
securities are subject to some credit risk. The risk varies depending upon whether the issuers of
the securities are corporations or domestic or foreign governments or their sub-divisions or
instrumentalities and whether the particular note or other instrument held by the Fund has priority
in payment of principal and interest. U.S. government securities are subject to varying degrees of
credit risk depending upon whether the securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the
United States, supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, supported only by the
credit of the issuing U.S. government agency, instrumentality, or corporation, or otherwise
supported by the United States. For example, issuers of many types of U.S. government securities
(e.g., the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage
Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home Loan Banks), although chartered or sponsored by
Congress, are not funded by
-5-
Congressional appropriations, and their fixed income securities, including mortgage-backed and
other asset-backed securities, are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government. These
securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by
the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds). Asset-backed
securities, whose principal and interest payments are supported by pools of other assets, such as
credit-card receivables, automobile loans, and sub-prime mortgages, are subject to further risks,
including the risk that the obligors of the underlying assets default on their obligations. See
Market Risk Fixed Income Securities above for a discussion of these risks. The obligations of
issuers also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and
remedies of creditors.
Credit risk is particularly pronounced for below investment grade securities (also known as
junk bonds), which are fixed income securities rated lower than Baa3 by Moodys, BBB- by S&P, or
securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality
to securities so rated. Junk bonds are considered predominantly speculative with respect to the
ability of the issuer to make principal and interest payments. Although offering the potential for
higher investment returns, junk bonds often are less liquid than higher quality securities, their
issuers ability to meet principal and interest payments is considered speculative, and they are
more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions. From
time to time, the Fund may hold below investment grade securities. At such times, it will be
subject to these risks.
In addition, the Fund is exposed to counterparty risk because it uses OTC derivatives (such as
swap contracts, as described in Derivatives Risk above) in implementing its investment program.
It also is exposed to counterparty risk to the extent it lends its portfolio securities or uses
repurchase agreements. There can be no assurance that a counterparty will meet its obligations,
especially during unusually adverse market conditions. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will
have contractual remedies, but the Fund may be unable to enforce its contractual rights.
Counterparty risk also may be more pronounced if a counterpartys obligations are not secured by
collateral, the Funds interest in collateral is not perfected, or the instrument is not regularly
marked-to-market.
|
|
|
MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISK
|
The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical events may disrupt securities markets and
adversely affect global economies and markets generally. The war in Iraq has had a substantial
effect on economies and securities markets in the U.S. and worldwide. Terrorism in the U.S. and
around the world has had a similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk. The
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets for
four days, and similar future events are possible. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events
have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have
adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Those events as well
as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions also could adversely
affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit
ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Funds
investments. At such times, the Funds exposure to the risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, and credit and counterparty risk, can increase.
The value of the Funds investments may be adversely affected by acts of terrorism and other
changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions. In addition, market disruptions
might prevent the Fund from implementing its investment program for a period of time. For example,
a disruption may cause the Funds derivative counterparties to discontinue offering derivatives on
certain underlying securities, reference rates, or indices or to offer such products on a more
limited basis.
-6-
|
|
|
NON-DIVERSIFICATION RISK
|
Investing in securities of many different issuers can reduce overall risk, while investing in
securities of a small number of issuers can increase it. The Fund is not a diversified
investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940
Act). This means that the Fund is allowed to invest in the securities of a relatively small
number of issuers and/or foreign currencies. As a result, they may be subject to greater credit,
market, and other risks than if the Fund were diversified.
To the extent that shares of the Fund are held by large shareholders (e.g., institutional
investors or other GMO Funds), the Fund is subject to the risk that these shareholders will
reallocate or rebalance their investments. In fact, a substantial percentage of the Fund may be
held by separate accounts managed by the Manager for its clients and/or GMO Funds Asset allocation
decisions by the Manager may result in substantial redemptions from (or investments into) the Fund.
These transactions will affect the Fund, since the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities in
order to satisfy redemption requests or purchase portfolio securities in order to invest cash.
This risk will be particularly pronounced if one shareholder owns a substantial portion of the
Fund. These transactions may adversely affect the Funds performance to the extent that the Fund
is required to sell investments or invest cash at times when it would not otherwise do so. These
transactions also may accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of
investments result in gains, and also may increase transaction costs. These transactions
potentially limit the use of any capital loss carry forwards to offset future net realized gains
and may limit or prevent the Funds ability to use tax equalization.
Fees and expenses
The table below shows the expected cost of investing in the Fund.
Annual Fund operating expenses
(expenses that are paid from Fund assets as a percentage of average daily net assets):
|
|
|
|
|
Management fee
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
0.02
|
%
1
|
Total annual fund operating expenses
|
|
|
0.02
|
%
|
Expense reimbursement
|
|
|
(0.02
|
%)
2
|
Net annual expenses
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Other expenses reflect the aggregate of direct expenses associated with an
investment in the Fund and the indirect net expenses associated with the Funds investment in
certain other pooled investment vehicles (the underlying Funds) for the fiscal year ended
February 29, 2008. Amount does not include expenses associated
with investments in the securities of unaffiliated issuers unless
such issuers hold themselves out to be investment companies. Net fees and expenses of underlying Funds were less than 0.01%.
|
|
2
|
|
The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund through at least June
30, 2009 (excluding fees and expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust, fees and expenses
for legal services not approved by the Manager for the Trust, compensation and expenses of the
Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions,
securities lending fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other
investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments in any company that is an
investment company or would be an investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions to
the definition of investment company provided in Section 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act),
hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses
(including taxes)).
|
-7-
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
GMO,
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 provides investment
management and shareholder services to the
Fund and other GMO Funds. GMO is a private company, founded in 1977. As of April 30, 2008, GMO
managed on a worldwide basis more than $138 billion for the GMO Funds and institutional investors,
such as pension plans, endowments, and foundations.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, the Manager establishes and modifies when necessary
the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management
and shareholder services to the Fund, the
Manager administers the Funds business affairs. The Manager does not charge the Fund a management
fee for management and administrative services provided to the Fund.
A discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the Funds investment
management contract is included in the Funds shareholder report for the period during which the Trustees
approved that contract.
GMOs
Fixed Income Division is responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund. The
Divisions investment professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no one
person is primarily responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
William Nemerever and Thomas Cooper are the senior members and co-directors of the Fixed
Income Division. Each has been a senior member of the Division since 1993. As senior members and
co-directors, Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper jointly allocate responsibility for portions of the
Funds portfolio to members of the Division, oversee the implementation of trades, review the
overall composition of the portfolio, including compliance with its stated investment objective and
strategies, and monitor cash.
Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper have been jointly responsible for overseeing the portfolio
management of GMOs global fixed income portfolios since 1993. In general, Mr. Nemerever focuses on
investment strategy, while Mr. Cooper focuses on instrument selection.
The SAI contains other information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior
members, other accounts they manage and related conflicts, and their ownership of the Fund.
Custodian, Fund Accounting Agent, and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves
as the Funds custodian, fund accounting agent, and transfer agent.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close
of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
The Funds NAV per share for a class of shares is determined by dividing the total value of the
Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class
by the total number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. The Fund will not determine its NAV
on any day when the NYSE is closed for business. The Fund also may elect not to determine its NAV
on days during which no share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share
is received by the Fund.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
-8-
Exchange-listed securities
|
|
|
Last sale price or
|
|
|
|
|
Official closing price or
|
|
|
|
|
Most recent bid price (if no reported sale or official closing price) or
|
|
|
|
|
Broker bid (if the private market is more relevant in determining market value
than the exchange), based on where the securities are principally traded and their
intended disposition
|
Unlisted securities
(if market quotations are readily available)
|
|
|
Most recent quoted bid price
|
Certain debt obligations
(if less than sixty days remain until maturity)
|
|
|
Amortized cost (unless circumstances dictate otherwise; for example, if the
issuers creditworthiness has become impaired)
|
All other fixed income securities and options on those securities (except for options written by
the Fund)
(includes bonds, loans, structured notes)
|
|
|
Most recent bid supplied by a primary pricing source chosen by the Manager
|
Options written by the Fund
Shares of other open-end registered investment companies
|
|
|
NAV at the time of valuation of shares of the Fund
|
Fair Value Pricing
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where market prices
are not readily available or circumstances render an existing methodology or procedure unreliable,
the Funds investments will be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees
or pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
|
4
|
|
Under certain circumstances, the Funds assets may be fair
valued. The value of assets that are fair valued is determined by the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved
by the Trustees. Some of the factors that may be considered in determining
fair value are the value of other financial instruments traded on other
markets, trading volumes, changes in interest rates, observations from
financial institutions, significant events (which may be considered to include
changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after
the close of the relevant market and before the time that the Funds net asset
value is calculated, and other news events. Although the
|
-9-
|
|
|
goal of fair valuation is to determine the amount the owner of the
securities might reasonably expect to receive upon their current sale,
because of the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, the
fair value determined for a particular security may be materially different
than the value realized upon its sale.
|
The values of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars
generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time at then current exchange rates or at such other rates as the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction may determine appropriate in computing net asset
value.
The Manager evaluates primary pricing sources from time to time, and may change any pricing
source at any time. However, the Manager does not normally evaluate the prices supplied by the
pricing sources on a day-to-day basis. The Manager is kept informed of erratic or unusual
movements (including unusual inactivity) in the prices supplied for a security and may in its
discretion override a price supplied by a source (by taking a price supplied by another) when the
Manager believes that the price supplied is not reliable.
Certain securities held by the Fund are valued on the basis of a price provided by a principal
market maker. Prices provided by principal market makers may vary from the value that would be
realized if the securities were sold, and the differences could be
material to the Fund.
In addition, because the Fund may hold portfolio securities listed on foreign exchanges that
trade on days on which the NYSE is closed, the net asset value of the Funds shares may change
significantly on days when shares cannot be redeemed.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings. That
policy is described in the SAI. Information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each
months end is made available to shareholders of the Trust, qualified potential shareholders as
determined by GMO (potential shareholders), and their consultants or agents through a secured
link on GMOs website approximately five days after month end.
To access this information on GMOs website (http://www.gmo.com/america/strategies),
shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents must contact GMO to obtain a
password and user name (to the extent they do not already have them) and enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that permits the information to be used only for
purposes determined by GMO to be in the best interest of the
shareholders of the Fund. GMO may make portfolio holdings information
available in alternate formats under the conditions described in the
SAI.
The
Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings, and the Fund may modify the
disclosure policy, without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings will
remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual
report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the
date of those holdings.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Currently, shares of the Fund are principally available for purchase by other GMO Funds and
certain other accredited investors. All investors must be accredited investors as defined in
Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933.
-10-
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares from the Trust when the NYSE
is open for business. For instructions on purchasing shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or
send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust will not accept a purchase request unless a completed GMO
Trust Application, and IRS Form W-9 (for U.S. shareholders) or the appropriate IRS Form W-8 (for
foreign shareholders) with a correct taxpayer identification number
(if required), is on file with
GMO.
Purchase Policies.
You must submit a purchase request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a purchase request is in good order if it includes:
|
|
|
The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being purchased;
|
|
|
|
|
The U.S. dollar amount of the shares to be purchased;
|
|
|
|
|
The date on which the purchase is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the close
of regular trading on that date);
|
|
|
|
|
The name and/or the account number (if any) set forth with sufficient clarity to
avoid ambiguity;
|
|
|
|
|
The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application;
and
|
|
|
|
|
Payment in full (by check, wire, or, when approved,
securities) received by an agent of the
Trust by 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or the close of the NYSE, whichever is earlier.
|
|
4
|
|
If payment is not received prior to the close of regular trading on the intended
purchase date, the request may be rejected unless prior arrangements have been approved
by GMO for later payment.
|
If the purchase request is received in good order by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the purchase price for the Fund shares to
be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day. If the good order purchase
request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the purchase price for the Fund
shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day that
the NYSE is open.
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal
law requires the Trust to verify identifying information provided by you in your GMO Trust
Application. Additional identifying documentation also may be required. If the Trust is unable to
verify the information shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed and your
shares redeemed at their net asset value at the time of the redemption.
The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase order. In addition, without notice, the
Fund in its sole discretion may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares to new
investors and, in some circumstances, existing shareholders.
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment required for this Fund.
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (the Cut-off Time) and receive the current days price if
the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a purchase request prior to the
Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the purchases by the Top Funds of shares of the Fund are
executed pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
-11-
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form
. Completed purchase order forms can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust
at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to
confirm good order
receipt and acceptance
of your purchase order form. Do not send cash, checks, or securities
directly to the Trust. Purchase requests submitted by mail are received by the Trust when
actually delivered to the Trust. Purchase requests delivered by facsimile are received by the
Trust when such facsimile is actually received by the Trust or its agent.
Funding Your Investment
. You may purchase shares:
|
|
|
with cash (via wire transfer or check)
|
|
4
|
|
By wire
. Instruct your bank to wire the amount of your investment to:
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts
ABA#: 011-001-438
Attn: Transfer Agent
Credit: GMO Deposit Account 55555-4444
Further credit: GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund/Account name and number
|
4
|
|
By check
. All checks must be made payable to the Fund or to GMO Trust.
The Trust will not accept checks payable to a third party that have been endorsed
by the payee to the Trust. Mail checks to:
|
|
|
|
By U.S. Postal Service:
|
|
By Overnight Courier:
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Transfer Agency/GMO
P.O. Box 642
Mail Code JHT2920
Boston, MA 02117-0642
|
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Attn: Transfer Agency/GMO
200 Clarendon Street
29th Floor Mail Code JHT2920
Boston, MA 02116
|
|
|
|
in exchange for securities acceptable to the Manager
|
|
4
|
|
securities must be approved by the Manager prior to transfer to the Fund.
|
|
|
4
|
|
securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
|
|
|
|
by a combination of cash and securities
|
Frequent Trading Activity.
The Trustees have adopted procedures designed to
detect and prevent frequent trading activity that is harmful to certain other GMO Funds and their
shareholders. Frequent trading strategies are generally strategies that involve repeated exchanges
and/or purchases and redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time.
Frequent trading
-12-
strategies may be disruptive to the efficient management of such Funds, materially increase
portfolio transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term investors, or
otherwise be harmful to such Funds and their shareholders.
Notwithstanding the foregoing,
these policies and procedures do not limit frequent trading of the Fund because the nature of its
investments make the Fund less susceptible to the effects of market timing.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares when the NYSE is open for
business. Redemption requests should be submitted to the Trust. For instructions on redeeming
shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust may take up
to seven days to remit proceeds.
Redemption Policies.
You must submit a redemption request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a redemption request is in good order if it includes:
|
|
|
The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being redeemed;
|
|
|
|
|
The number of shares or the dollar amount of the shares to be redeemed;
|
|
|
|
|
The date on which the redemption is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the
close of regular trading on that date);
|
|
|
|
|
The name and/or the account number set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid
ambiguity;
|
|
|
|
|
The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list; and
|
|
|
|
|
Wire instructions or registration address that match the wire instructions or
registration address (as applicable) on file at GMO or confirmation from an authorized
signatory that the wire instructions are valid.
|
If the redemption request is received in good order by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the redemption price for the Fund shares to
be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on that day. If the good order redemption
request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the redemption price for the
Fund shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day
unless an authorized person on the account has instructed GMO Shareholder Services in writing to
defer the redemption to another day. In the event of a disaster affecting Boston, Massachusetts,
please contact GMO to confirm good order receipt of your redemption request. If you have
instructed GMO Shareholder Services to defer the redemption to another day, an authorized person on
the account may revoke your redemption request in writing at any time prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern
time on the redemption date.
Failure to provide the Trust with a properly authorized redemption request or otherwise
satisfy the Trust as to the validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address
will result in a delay in processing a redemption request, delay in remittance of redemption
proceeds, or a rejection of the redemption request.
If the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that a redemption payment wholly or partly
in cash would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay
the redemption proceeds in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund instead of cash.
-13-
If a redemption is paid in cash:
|
|
|
payment generally will be made by means of federal funds transfer to the bank
account designated in a recordable format by an authorized signatory in the GMO Trust
Application to purchase the Fund shares being redeemed
|
|
4
|
|
designation of one or more additional bank accounts or any change in
the bank accounts originally designated in the GMO Trust Application must be made
in a recordable format by an authorized signatory according to the procedures in
the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form
|
|
|
|
upon request, payment will be made by check mailed to the registration address
(unless another address is specified according to the procedures in the GMO Trust
Redemption Order Form).
|
If a redemption is paid with securities, it is important for you to note:
|
|
|
securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as set forth under
Determination of Net Asset Value
|
|
|
|
|
securities distributed by the Fund will be selected by the Manager in light of the
Funds objective and may not represent a pro rata distribution of each security held in
the Funds portfolio
|
|
|
|
|
you may incur brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result
of an in-kind redemption
|
|
|
|
|
in-kind redemptions generally are treated by shareholders for tax purposes the same
as redemptions paid in cash
|
|
|
|
|
in-kind redemptions will be transferred and delivered by the Trust as directed in
writing by an authorized person on the account.
|
The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven
days:
|
|
|
if the NYSE is closed on days other than weekends or holidays
|
|
|
|
|
during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted
|
|
|
|
|
during an emergency which makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its
securities or to fairly determine the net asset value of the Fund
|
|
|
|
|
during any other period permitted by the SEC for your protection.
|
Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has
the right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder unilaterally at any time if at that time: (i)
the shares of the Fund or a class held by the shareholder have an aggregate net asset value of less
than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) the shares of the Fund or a
class held by the shareholder exceed a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or a class
determined from time to time by the Trustees. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole
discretion to redeem shares held by certain shareholders to prevent the shareholder from becoming
an affiliated person of the Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days
price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption request prior to
the
-14-
Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Redemption Request
. Redemption requests can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
to the Trust at the address/facsimile number set forth under How to Purchase Shares -
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Redemption requests submitted by mail are received by the
Trust when actually delivered to the Trust. Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com to
confirm good order receipt and acceptance
of redemption requests.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Funds policy is to declare and pay distributions of its net income, if any,
semi-annually. The Fund also intends to distribute net gains, whether from the sale of securities
held by the Fund for not more than one year (i.e., net short-term capital gains) or from the sale
of securities held by the Fund for more than one year (i.e., net long-term capital gains), if any,
at least annually. In addition, the Fund may, from time to time and at its discretion, make
unscheduled distributions in advance of large redemptions by shareholders or as otherwise deemed
appropriate by the Fund. Shareholders should read the description below for information regarding
the tax character of distributions from the Fund to shareholders.
All dividends and/or distributions are reinvested in additional shares of the Fund, at net
asset value, unless a shareholder elects to receive cash. Shareholders may elect to receive cash
by marking the appropriate boxes on the GMO Trust Application or by writing to the Trust.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to
shareholders investing in the Fund. The Funds shareholders may include certain other GMO Funds.
The summary below does not address tax consequences to shareholders of those other GMO Funds.
Shareholders of those other GMO Funds should refer to the prospectuses or private placement
memoranda (as applicable) and statements of additional information for those Funds for a summary of
the tax consequences applicable to them.
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The Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax
purposes and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under
Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
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For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are
generally taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are
determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than
by how long a shareholder has owned shares in the Fund. Distributions of net capital
gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for more than one year and that
are properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends are taxable to
shareholders as long-term capital gains. Distributions of gains from the sale of
investments that the Fund owned for one year or less are taxable to shareholders as
ordinary income.
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If the Fund realizes capital losses in excess of capital gains for any taxable year,
these excess losses will carry over and offset capital gains realized in succeeding
taxable years until either (a) the end of the eighth succeeding taxable year or (b)
such losses have been fully utilized to offset realized capital gains, whichever comes
first. The Funds ability to utilize these losses in succeeding taxable years may be
limited by reason of direct or indirect changes in the actual or constructive ownership
of the Fund.
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-15-
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For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, distributions of investment
income properly designated by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will
be taxable to shareholders taxed as individuals at the rates applicable to long-term
capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the
shareholder and Fund levels. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of its
distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income. Long-term capital gain
rates applicable to most individuals have been reduced to 15% (with lower rates
applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets) for taxable years beginning
before January 1, 2011.
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Distributions by the Fund to retirement plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment
under the U.S. federal income tax laws will generally not be taxable. Special tax
rules apply to investments through such plans. Shareholders should consult their tax
advisors to determine the suitability of the Fund as an investment through such a plan
and the tax treatment of distributions (including distributions of amounts attributable
to an investment in the Fund) from such a plan.
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Distributions by the Fund are taxable to a shareholder even if they are paid from
income or gains earned by the Fund before that shareholder invested in the Fund (and
accordingly the income or gains were included in the price the shareholder paid for the
Funds shares). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or
reinvest them in additional shares. Any gain resulting from a shareholders sale,
exchange, or redemption of Fund shares generally will be taxable to the shareholder as
short-term or long-term capital gain, depending on how long the Fund shares were held
by the shareholder.
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The Funds investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding
taxes on dividends, interest or capital gains. Those taxes will reduce the Funds
yield on these securities. The foreign withholding tax rates applicable to the Funds
investments in certain foreign jurisdictions may be higher if the Fund has a
significant number of non-U.S. shareholders than if it has fewer non-U.S. shareholders.
See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
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The Funds investments in certain types of securities and other assets, including
certain types of foreign securities, foreign currencies, debt obligations issued or
purchased at a discount, asset-backed securities, assets marked to the market for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, and, potentially, so-called indexed securities (such as
inflation-indexed bonds), may increase or accelerate the Funds recognition of income,
including the recognition of taxable income in excess of the cash generated by those
investments. These investments, therefore, may affect the timing, character, and/or
amount of the Funds distributions and may cause the Fund to liquidate other
investments at a time when it is not advantageous to do so to satisfy the distribution
requirements that apply to entities taxed as regulated investment companies.
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The Funds use of derivatives (such as options, futures, and swap contracts) and
securities lending may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of income recognized
by its shareholders. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
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The above is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations.
You should consult your own tax advisors about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the
Fund in light of your particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local, or other
applicable taxes
-16-
(including the federal alternative minimum tax). See Taxes in the SAI for more information,
including a summary of certain tax consequences of investing in the Fund for non-U.S. shareholders.
-17-
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(For a share outstanding throughout each period)
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Funds financial
performance for the period of the Funds operations. Certain information reflects financial
results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that you would
have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and
distributions). This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent
registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds financial statements, is
included in the Funds Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference in the SAI and available
upon request.
GMO SHORT-DURATION COLLATERAL FUND
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Year Ended February 28/29,
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2008
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|
2007
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|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
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|
|
2004
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|
Net asset value, beginning of period
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|
$
|
25.66
|
|
|
$
|
25.60
|
|
|
$
|
25.33
|
|
|
$
|
25.18
|
|
|
$
|
25.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Income (loss) from investment operations:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net investment income (loss)
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1.38
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|
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1.43
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|
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1.01
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|
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0.59
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|
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0.56
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Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
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(1.64
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)
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0.00
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(g)
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|
(0.03
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)
|
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|
(0.09
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)
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|
0.06
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(a)
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Total from investment operations
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(0.26
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)
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1.43
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|
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|
0.98
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|
|
|
0.50
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|
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|
0.62
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Less distributions to shareholders:
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|
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|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
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From net investment income
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|
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(1.37
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)
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(1.37
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)
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(0.71
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)
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(0.34
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)
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(0.45
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)
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From net realized gains
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|
|
|
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|
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|
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(0.01
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)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Total distributions
|
|
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(1.37
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)
|
|
|
(1.37
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)
|
|
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(0.71
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)
|
|
|
(0.35
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)
|
|
|
(0.45
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)
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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Net asset value, end of period
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$
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24.03
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$
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25.66
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$
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25.60
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$
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25.33
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$
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25.18
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Total Return
(b)
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(1.14
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)%
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5.68
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%
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|
3.89
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%
|
|
|
2.01
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%
|
|
|
2.48
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%
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Ratios/Supplemental Data:
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Net assets, end of period (000s)
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$
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7,671,415
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$
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6,603,600
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|
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$
|
4,480,312
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|
$
|
3,483,889
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$
|
1,751,535
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Net operating expenses to average daily net
assets
(c)
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|
0.00
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%
|
|
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0.00
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%
|
|
|
0.00
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%
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
Interest expense to average daily net assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.01
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%
|
|
|
0.02
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%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(d)
|
Total net expenses to average daily net assets
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|
|
0.00
|
%
(f)
|
|
|
0.01
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%
|
|
|
0.02
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%
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(e)
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(e)
|
Net investment income to average daily net assets
|
|
|
5.41
|
%
|
|
|
5.50
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%
|
|
|
3.96
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%
|
|
|
2.31
|
%
|
|
|
2.51
|
%
|
Portfolio turnover rate
|
|
|
27
|
%
|
|
|
68
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%
|
|
|
45
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%
|
|
|
34
|
%
|
|
|
33
|
%
|
Fees and expenses reimbursed by the Manager
to average daily net assets
|
|
|
0.01
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%
|
|
|
0.02
|
%
|
|
|
0.02
|
%
|
|
|
0.02
|
%
|
|
|
0.02
|
%
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
The amount shown for a share outstanding does not correspond with the aggregate net realized
and unrealized gain/loss for
the period due to the timing of purchases and redemptions of Fund shares in relation to the
fluctuating market values of the
Fund.
|
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(b)
|
|
The total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been reimbursed during the
periods shown and assumes the
effect of reinvested distributions.
|
|
(c)
|
|
Net operating expenses were less than 0.01% to average daily net assets.
|
|
(d)
|
|
Interest expense was less than 0.01% to average daily net assets.
|
|
(e)
|
|
Total net expenses were less than 0.01% to average daily net assets.
|
|
(f)
|
|
The net expense ratio does not include the effect of expense reductions.
|
|
(g)
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) was less than $0.01 per share.
|
|
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|
Calculated using average shares outstanding throughout the period.
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-18-
GMO TRUST
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders contain additional information about
the Funds investments. The Funds annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions
and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal
year. The Funds annual and semiannual reports and the Funds SAI are available free of charge by
writing to Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling
collect at 1-617-346-7646. Because the Fund does not publicly offer its shares, its shareholder
reports and SAI are not available on GMOs website. The SAI contains more detailed information
about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum, which means
that it is legally considered to be part of this Private Placement Memorandum.
You can review and copy the Private Placement Memorandum, SAI, and reports at the SECs Public
Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room
may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund
are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of
this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the
following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the
SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written
communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief
Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM
June 27, 2008
GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund
(the Fund) is a separate investment portfolio of GMO Trust
(the Trust). The Trust is an open-end management investment company and operates as a series
investment company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, including the Fund.
Other portfolios are offered pursuant to separate prospectuses. The Fund is presently closed to
new subscriptions and additional investments from existing shareholders. The Funds shares are
held by other funds of GMO Trust (GMO Funds) and certain other accredited investors.
Investment Manager
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
This Private Placement Memorandum concisely describes the information which you ought to know
about the Fund before investing. Please read this memorandum carefully and keep it for further
reference. A Statement of Additional Information dated June 27, 2008, as revised from time to time
(SAI), is available free of charge by writing to GMO Shareholder Services, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling 1-617-346-7646. The SAI, which contains more detailed
information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum.
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS
AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD UNLESS SO
REGISTERED OR IN TRANSACTIONS EXEMPT THEREFROM. HOWEVER, THE SECURITIES ARE REDEEMABLE AS
DESCRIBED IN THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM. IN CERTAIN CASES INVESTORS MAY BE REDEEMED IN
KIND AND RECEIVE PORTFOLIO SECURITIES HELD BY THE FUND IN LIEU OF CASH UPON REDEMPTION.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION WITH
RESPECT TO THE SHARES EXCEPT SUCH INFORMATION AS IS CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM AND IN THE SAI OR
IN OTHER MATERIALS APPROVED BY THE TRUST. NO SALES MADE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES
CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN MATTERS DISCUSSED HEREIN SINCE THE DATE
HEREOF.
FUND SUMMARY
This summary is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments, employ strategies, and
be exposed to risks that are not described in this summary. More information about the Funds
investments and strategies is contained in the SAI. Except for policies identified in the SAI as
fundamental, the Funds Board of Trustees (Trustees) may change the Funds investment objective
or policies without shareholder approval. The Funds investment manager is Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO) (see Management of the Fund below for a description
of the Manager).
Investment objective
Total return.
Principal investment strategies
As of the date of this Private Placement Memorandum, the Funds investments consist primarily
of: (i) units of GMO SPV I, LLC (SPV), a special purpose vehicle that holds an interest in
liquidating trusts (described below) related to certain defaulted asset-backed securities (the NPF
Securities) issued by NPF VI, Inc. and NPF XII, Inc. (the Issuers), and (ii) cash and cash
items. The Fund expects that any new investments will be made primarily in cash, cash items, and
high quality debt securities.
As noted above, one of the Funds principal investments is units of SPV, which in turn holds
an interest in liquidating trusts related to the NPF Securities. In November 2002, National
Century Financial Enterprises (NCFE), which organized and administered the Issuers and the NPF
Securities, defaulted on its obligations with respect to the NPF Securities (health care
asset-backed receivables). The NPF Securities had been acquired by the Fund prior to this default.
NCFE and its affiliates are alleged to have violated the terms of the bonds indentures by, among
other things, purportedly spending cash collateral, accepting collateral other than permitted
receivables, moving receivables between trusts to meet compliance tests and reimbursing health care
providers for more than the value of receivables purchased. NCFE, its affiliated operations
(including the Issuers), and many of the health care providers declared bankruptcy.
In November 2002, the NPF Securities were transferred to SPV to facilitate the redemption of
the NPF Securities in-kind, if necessary, to protect the interests of non-redeeming shareholders.
In connection with the Funds placement of the NPF Securities in SPV, the Fund assigned to SPV the
right to any proceeds received in connection with any claims or actions against various parties
arising out of the Funds purchase of the NPF Securities (including those described below). The
Funds pro rata portion of the costs associated with the Funds attempted recovery of losses
associated with the NPF Securities will be borne by the Fund, subject to a priority reimbursement
of such costs by SPV in the event SPV receives any proceeds in connection with any claims or
actions.
In 2003, the Fund joined with certain other holders of the NPF Securities in filing a lawsuit
against certain parties related to the NCFE offerings, including the indenture trustees,
underwriters, and certain other parties. In April 2004, a plan of liquidation was approved by the
bankruptcy court with respect to NCFE and its affiliated operations (including the Issuers).
Pursuant to such plan, SPV received cash distributions, which were distributed, less expenses, to
holders of SPV, including the Fund. SPV also received interests in liquidating trusts, which it
continues to hold. In July 2005 and April 2006, the Fund entered into settlement agreements with
two of the defendants in the lawsuit and received (through its investment in SPV) cash settlements
in connection therewith. Litigation against the remaining defendants continues at this time.
-1-
As of June 1, 2008, the Funds investment in the SPV represented approximately 58% of the
Funds net assets.
The cash items and high quality debt securities in which the Fund may invest may include
securities issued by the U.S. government and agencies thereof (including securities neither
guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government), bankers acceptances, commercial paper, bank
certificates of deposit, and money market mutual funds. The Fund is also permitted to invest in
debt securities of any quality or type, including governmental and corporate and other private
issuers.
For purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, the term investment grade refers to a
rating of Baa3/BBB- or better given by Moodys Investors Services, Inc. (Moodys)/Standard &
Poors (S&P) to a particular fixed income security. In addition, in this Private Placement
Memorandum, investment-grade fixed income securities that are given a rating of Aa/AA or better by
Moodys/S&P are referred to as high quality. Securities referred to as high quality include not
only securities rated by Moodys and S&P, but also securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are
determined by the Manager to have credit qualities comparable to securities rated by Moodys and/or
S&P as high quality. In addition, the term fixed income securities includes (i) obligations of
an issuer to make payments of principal and/or interest on future dates and (ii) synthetic debt
instruments created by the Manager by combining a futures contract, swap contract, or option on a
non-synthetic fixed income security with cash, a cash equivalent, or a non-synthetic fixed income
security. Additionally, for purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, the term bond refers
to any fixed income security.
Principal risks of investing in the Fund
The value of the Funds shares changes with the value of the Funds investments. Many factors
can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. Factors that may affect
the portfolio as a whole are called principal risks and are summarized in this section. This
summary describes the nature of these principal risks and certain related risks, but is not
intended to include every potential risk. The Fund could be subject to additional risks because
the types of investments it makes may change over time. The SAI includes more information about
the Fund and its investments. The Fund, by itself, is not intended to provide a complete
investment program, and an investment in the Fund should only be considered as part of a
diversified portfolio that includes other investments.
|
|
|
LITIGATION-RELATED RISK
|
The ultimate amount of the Funds recovery (through its investment in SPV) of losses on the
defaulted NPF Securities and the total costs the Fund may incur with respect to its funding of
litigation related to the NPF Securities is unknown at this time. Therefore, the Fund is subject
to the risk that SPV may ultimately be unable to recover certain losses related to the NPF
Securities. This could occur because an insufficient amount of money or other assets is (or has
been) paid to SPV out of the bankruptcy estates of NCFE, its affiliated operations, and certain
other related entities and/or is (or has been) paid to the Fund in connection with litigation
related to the NPF Securities. In addition, any cash reserves of the Fund and any recovery by the
Fund as a result of the litigation or bankruptcy claims may be used to offset costs with respect to
the litigation rather than to recover losses on the defaulted NPF Securities. The Fund (through
its investment in SPV) has received distributions out of the bankruptcy estate of NCFE and its
affiliated operations, but it is uncertain whether or not more distributions may follow. In
addition, the Fund (through its investment in SPV) has received cash settlements against certain
defendants related to the NCFE offerings, but the litigation against the remaining defendants is
not predictable, and the amount of time it may take to settle the remaining litigation is unknown
at this time.
-2-
The Fund is exposed to liquidity risk when low trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large
position, or legal restrictions limit the Funds ability to sell particular securities at an
advantageous price. Liquidity risk may be particularly pronounced for the Fund due to the nature
and size of its investment in the NPF Securities (through the SPV). The Fund may be exposed
(through the SPV) to the NPF Securities for an indefinite period of time and may experience a
substantial loss in the event the SPV sells the NPF Securities.
|
|
|
NON-DIVERSIFICATION RISK
|
Investing in securities of many different issuers can reduce overall risk, while investing in
securities of a small number of issuers can increase it. The Fund is not a diversified
investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940
Act). This means the Fund is allowed to invest in the securities of a relatively small number of
issuers. As a result, they may be subject to greater credit, market, and other risks than if the
Fund were diversified.
|
|
|
MARKET RISK
FIXED INCOME SECURITIES
|
The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the risk of unfavorable changes in the value of
the fixed income securities in which the Fund invests. The following summarizes certain general
market risks associated with investments in fixed income securities.
A principal risk of the Funds investments in fixed income securities (including bonds, notes,
and asset-backed securities) is that the value of those securities typically changes as interest
rates fluctuate. This kind of market risk, also called interest rate risk, is generally greater
for fixed income securities with longer durations although it is present, but to a lesser extent,
in securities with shorter durations.
Interest rate risk relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest
rates. The value of fixed-rate securities generally falls when interest rates rise, since
prospective interest payments exceed current payments; the opposite is true when interest rates
fall, since current investments have locked in a higher interest rate. The extent to which a
securitys value moves with interest rates is referred to as interest-rate duration, which can be
measured mathematically or empirically. Longer-maturity investments generally have longer
durations, as the investments fixed rate is locked in for longer. Floating-rate or adjustable-rate
securities, however, generally have short interest rate durations, since their interest rates are
not fixed but rather float up and down with the level of prevailing interest rates.
This is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security will be unable or
unwilling to make timely principal, interest, or settlement payments or otherwise to honor its
obligations.
Credit risk for fixed income securities is the risk that the issuer will be unable to make
scheduled contractual payments of principal and interest. The value of the Funds investments can
decline as a result of an issuers defaulting in its payment obligations or the markets
expectation of a default. The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuers of the securities will
have their credit ratings downgraded. Nearly all fixed income securities are subject to some credit
risk. The risk varies depending upon whether the issuers of the securities are corporations or
domestic or foreign governments or their sub-divisions or instrumentalities and whether the
particular note or other instrument held by the Fund has a priority in
-3-
payment of principal and interest. U.S. government securities are subject to varying degrees
of credit risk depending upon whether the securities are supported by the full faith and credit of
the United States, supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, supported only by the
credit of the issuing U.S. government agency, instrumentality, or corporation, or otherwise
supported by the United States. For example, issuers of many types of U.S. government securities
(e.g., the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage
Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home Loan Banks), although chartered or sponsored by
Congress, are not funded by Congressional appropriations, and their fixed income securities are
neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government. These securities are subject to more credit
risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United
States (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds).
Credit risk is particularly pronounced for below investment grade securities (also known as
junk bonds), which are fixed income securities rated lower than Baa3 by Moodys, BBB- by S&P, or
securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality
to securities so rated. Junk bonds are considered predominantly speculative with regard to the
ability of the issuer to make principal and interest payments. Although offering the potential for
higher investment returns, junk bonds often are less liquid than higher quality securities, their
issuers ability to meet principal and interest payments is considered speculative, and they are
more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions.
|
|
|
MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISK
|
The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical events may disrupt securities markets and
adversely affect global economies and markets generally. The war in Iraq has had a substantial
effect on economies and securities markets in the U.S. and worldwide. Terrorism in the U.S. and
around the world has had a similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk. The
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets for
four days, and similar future events are possible. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events
have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have
adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Those events as well
as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions also could adversely
affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit
ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Funds
investments. At such times, the Funds exposure to the risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, and credit risk, can increase.
The value of the Funds investments may be adversely affected by acts of terrorism and other
changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions. In addition, market disruptions
might prevent the Fund from implementing its investment program for a period of time.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Managers ability to achieve
its investment objective. The Manager uses proprietary investment techniques and risk analyses in
making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no assurance that the Manager will
achieve the desired results.
-4-
Fees and expenses
The table below shows the expected cost of investing in the Fund.
Annual Fund operating expenses
(expenses that are paid from Fund assets as a percentage of average daily net assets):
|
|
|
|
|
Management fee
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
Other operating expenses
|
|
|
5.67
|
%
1
|
Total annual operating expenses
|
|
|
5.67
|
%
|
Expense reimbursement
|
|
|
(5.67
|
%)
2
|
Net aggregate annual expenses (Fund and underlying Fund expenses)
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Other operating expenses have been restated to reflect current fees and reflect the
aggregate of direct expenses associated with an investment in the Fund and the indirect net
expenses associated with the Funds investment in SPV (the underlying Fund) for the fiscal year
ended February 29, 2008. Amount does not include expenses
associated with investments in the securities of unaffiliated issuers
unless such issuers hold themselves out to be investment companies. Net fees and expenses of the underlying Fund were less than 0.01%.
|
|
2
|
|
The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund through at least June 30,
2009 (excluding fees and expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust, fees and expenses for
legal services not approved by the Manager for the Trust, compensation and expenses of the Trusts
Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities
lending fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs
(including expenses associated with investments in any company that is an investment company or
would be an investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions to the definition of
investment company provided in Section 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction
fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses (including taxes)).
|
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
GMO,
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, provides investment
management and shareholder services to the
Fund and other GMO Funds. GMO is a private company, founded in 1977. As of April 30, 2008, GMO
managed on a worldwide basis more than $138 billion for the GMO Funds and institutional investors,
such as pension plans, endowments, and foundations.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, the Manager establishes and modifies when necessary
the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management
and shareholder services to the Fund, the
Manager administers the Funds business affairs. The Manager does not charge the Fund a management
fee for management and administrative services provided to the Fund.
A
discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the
Funds investment management
contract is included in the Funds shareholder report for the period during which the Trustees
approved that contract.
GMOs
Fixed Income Division is responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund. The
Divisions investment professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no one
person is primarily responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
William Nemerever and Thomas Cooper are the senior members and co-directors of the Fixed
Income Division. Each has been a senior member of the Division since 1993. As senior members and
co-directors, Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper jointly allocate responsibility for portions of the
Funds portfolio to members of the Division, oversee the implementation of trades, review the
overall composition of the portfolio, including compliance with its stated investment objective and
strategies, and monitor cash.
-5-
Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper have been jointly responsible for overseeing the portfolio
management of GMOs global fixed income portfolios since 1993. In general, Mr. Nemerever focuses on
investment strategy, while Mr. Cooper focuses on instrument selection.
The SAI contains other information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior
members, other accounts they manage and related conflicts, and their ownership of the Fund.
Custodian, Fund Accounting Agent, and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves
as the Funds custodian, fund accounting agent, and transfer agent.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close
of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
The Funds NAV per share for a class of shares is determined by dividing the total value of the
Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class
by the total number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. The Fund will not determine its NAV
on any day when the NYSE is closed for business. The Fund also may elect not to determine its NAV
on days during which no share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share
is received by the Fund.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
Exchange-listed securities
|
|
|
Last sale price or
|
|
|
|
|
Official closing price or
|
|
|
|
|
Most recent bid price (if no reported sale or official closing price) or
|
|
|
|
|
Broker bid (if the private market is more relevant in determining market value
than the exchange), based on where the securities are principally traded and their
intended disposition.
|
Unlisted securities
(if market quotations are readily available)
|
|
|
Most recent quoted bid price
|
Certain debt obligations
(if less than sixty days remain until maturity)
|
|
|
Amortized cost (unless circumstances dictate otherwise; for example, if the
issuers creditworthiness has become impaired)
|
All other fixed income securities and options on those securities (except for options written by
the Fund)
(includes bonds, loans, structured notes)
|
|
|
Most recent bid supplied by a primary pricing source chosen by the Manager
|
Options written by the Fund
-6-
Shares of other open-end registered investment companies
|
|
|
NAV at the time of valuation of shares of the Fund
|
Fair Value Pricing
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where market prices
are not readily available or circumstances render an existing methodology or procedure unreliable,
the Funds investments will be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees
or pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
|
4
|
|
A significant percentage of the Funds assets are fair valued. The
value of assets that are fair valued is determined by the Trustees or persons
acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees. Some of
the factors that may be considered in determining fair value are the value of
other financial instruments traded on other markets, trading volumes, changes in
interest rates, observations from financial institutions, significant events (which
may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities
indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the time that
the Funds net asset value is calculated, and other news events. Although the goal
of fair valuation is to determine the amount the owner of the securities might
reasonably expect to receive upon their current sale, because of the subjective and
variable nature of fair value pricing, the fair value determined for a particular
security may be materially different than the value realized upon its sale.
|
In addition, as noted above in Principal investment strategies, the Fund has certain
remaining lawsuits outstanding related to the defaulted NPF Securities. The outcome of such
lawsuits is not predictable and any potential recoveries are not currently reflected in the net
asset value of the Fund. To the extent additional recoveries are realized, such recoveries may be
material to the net asset value of the Fund.
The Manager evaluates primary pricing sources from time to time, and may change any pricing
source at any time. However, the Manager does not normally evaluate the prices supplied by the
pricing sources on a day-to-day basis. The Manager is kept informed of erratic or unusual
movements (including unusual inactivity) in the prices supplied for a security and may in its
discretion override a price supplied by a source (by taking a price supplied by another) when the
Manager believes that the price supplied is not reliable. Some securities may be valued on the
basis of a price provided by a principal market maker. Prices provided by principal market makers
may vary from the value that would be realized if the securities were sold. In addition, because
the Fund may hold portfolio securities listed on foreign exchanges that trade on days on which the
NYSE is closed, the net asset value of the Funds shares may change significantly on days when
shares cannot be redeemed.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings. That
policy is described in the SAI. Information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each
months end is made available to shareholders of the Trust, qualified potential shareholders as
determined by GMO (potential shareholders), and their consultants or agents through a secured
link on GMOs website approximately five days after month end.
-7-
To access this information on GMOs website (http://www.gmo.com/america/strategies),
shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents must contact GMO to obtain a
password and user name (to the extent they do not already have them) and enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that permits the information to be used only for
purposes determined by GMO to be in the best interest of the
shareholders of the Fund. GMO may make portfolio holdings information
available in alternate formats under the conditions described in the
SAI.
The
Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings and the Fund may modify the
disclosure policy, without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings will
remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual
report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the
date of those holdings.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
The Fund is generally closed to all new subscriptions and additional investments from existing
shareholders. To the extent the Fund determines to accept new or additional subscriptions, it will
do so only from accredited investors as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933.
All investments are made at the net asset value per share next determined after a purchase
order and payment for the investment are received by the Fund from each accredited investor. In
other words, if your purchase order and payment are received in good order prior to the close of
regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the purchase price for the Fund
shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day. If either your
purchase order or payment are received in good order after the close of regular trading on the
NYSE, the purchase price for the Fund shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share
determined on the next business day when both are received in good order.
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment in the Fund. The Fund reserves the right
to cease accepting investments in the Fund at any time or to reject any investment order. In
addition, without notice, the Fund may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares to
new investors and, in some circumstances, existing shareholders.
Shares may be purchased (i) in cash; (ii) in exchange for securities subject to the
determination by the Manager that the securities to be exchanged are acceptable; or (iii) by a
combination of such securities and cash. Securities acceptable to the Manager as consideration for
Fund shares will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value as of the time of
the next determination of net asset value after such acceptance. All dividends, subscription or
other rights that are reflected in the market price of accepted securities at the time of valuation
become the property of the Fund and must be delivered to the Trust upon receipt by you from the
issuer. Upon the exchange, you may realize a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes,
depending upon your basis in the securities tendered. The Manager will not approve securities as
acceptable consideration for Fund shares unless (1) the Manager, in its sole discretion, believes
the securities are appropriate investments for the Fund; (2) you represent and agree that all
securities offered to the Fund are not subject to any restrictions upon their sale by the Fund
under the Securities Act of 1933, or otherwise; and (3) the securities may be acquired under the
investment restrictions applicable to the Fund.
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal
law requires the Trust to verify identifying information in your GMO Trust Application. Additional
identifying documentation also may be required. If the Fund is unable to verify the information
shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed and your shares redeemed at their
net asset value at the time of the redemption.
-8-
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (the Cut-off Time) and receive the current days price if
the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a purchase request prior to the Cut-off
Time on that day; and (ii) the purchases by the Top Funds of shares of the Fund are executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Frequent Trading Activity.
As a matter of policy, the Trust will not honor requests for
purchases or exchanges by shareholders identified as engaging in frequent trading strategies,
including market timing, that could be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders. Frequent trading
strategies are generally strategies that involve repeated exchanges and/or purchases and
redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time. Frequent trading
strategies may be disruptive to the efficient management of the Fund, materially increase portfolio
transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term investors, or otherwise
be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders.
The Trustees have adopted procedures designed to detect and prevent frequent trading activity
that is harmful to the Fund and its shareholders (the Procedures). The Procedures include the
fair valuation of foreign securities, periodic surveillance of trading in shareholder accounts,
inquiry as to the nature of trading activity, and if GMO determines that frequent trading is
occurring in an account that has the potential to be harmful to the Fund or its shareholders,
prevention measures, including suspension of a shareholders exchange and purchase privileges.
There is no assurance that the Procedures will be effective in all instances. The Fund will not
automatically redeem shares that are the subject of a rejected exchange request.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem all or a portion of your investment when the NYSE
is open for business. The redemption price of a share of the Fund is the net asset value per share
next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form. In other words, if a
redemption request is received in good order prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE
(generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the redemption price for the Fund shares to be redeemed is the
net asset value per share determined on that day. If a redemption request is received in good
order after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the redemption price for the Fund shares to
be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day. In the event of
a disaster affecting Boston, Massachusetts, please contact GMO to confirm receipt of your
redemption request. The Trust may take up to seven days to remit proceeds. Failure to provide the
Trust with a properly authorized redemption request or otherwise satisfy the Trust as to the
validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address will result in a delay in
processing a redemption request, delay in remittance of redemption proceeds, or a rejection of the
redemption request.
If the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that a redemption payment wholly or partly
in cash would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay
the redemption proceeds in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund instead of cash.
The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven
days:
|
|
|
if the NYSE is closed on days other than weekends or holidays
|
|
|
|
|
during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted
|
-9-
|
|
|
during an emergency which makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its
securities or to fairly determine the net asset value of the Fund
|
|
|
|
|
during any other period permitted by the SEC for your protection.
|
Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has
the right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder unilaterally at any time if at that time: (i)
the shares of the Fund or a class held by the shareholder have an aggregate net asset value of less
than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) the shares of the Fund or a
class held by the shareholder exceed a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or a class
determined from time to time by the Trustees. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole
discretion to redeem shares held by certain shareholders to prevent the shareholder from becoming
an affiliated person of the Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares in the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days
price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption request prior to
the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Fund will distribute proceeds and other cash receipts received from its underlying
investments as soon as practicable after any such proceeds are received. Shareholders should read
the description below for information regarding the tax character of distributions, if any, and
allocations from the Fund to shareholders.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to
shareholders investing in the Fund. The Funds shareholders are expected to be principally other
funds of the Trust, which are regulated investment companies (RICs) as defined by the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The summary below does not address tax consequences to
shareholders of those other funds. Shareholders of those other funds should refer to the
prospectuses or private placement memoranda (as applicable) and statements of additional
information for those funds for a summary of the tax consequences applicable to them.
|
|
|
The Fund has elected to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. As a partnership, the Fund is not itself subject to U.S. federal income tax.
Instead, each shareholder will be required to take into account its distributive share
of items of Fund income, gain, loss, deduction, credit, and tax preference for each
taxable year substantially as though such items had been realized directly by the
shareholder and without regard to whether any distribution by the Fund has been or will
be received. Allocations of taxable income, gain, loss, deductions, credits, and tax
preferences of the Fund will be made in accordance with the economics of the Fund as
determined at the Funds discretion.
|
|
|
|
|
The Fund will provide tax information on Schedule K-1 to each shareholder following
the close of the Funds taxable year. Each shareholder will be responsible for keeping
its own records for determining its tax basis in its shares and for the preparation and
filing of its own tax returns. Shareholders should expect to file for extensions for
the completion of their U.S. federal, state, local and other tax returns.
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions will be made as determined at the Funds discretion. Due to potential
timing differences between income recognition for tax purposes and actual cash
distributions, it is
|
-10-
|
|
|
possible that a shareholder could recognize income from the Fund in excess of actual
cash distributions made prior to the date the income must be distributed by a RIC
shareholder or the liability for the tax on the income is otherwise due. In general,
distributions of money (including in satisfaction of redemption requests) by the Fund to
a shareholder will represent a nontaxable return of capital to that shareholder up to
the amount of the shareholders adjusted tax basis in its Fund shares. A distribution in
partial or complete redemption of a shareholders shares in the Fund is taxable to that
shareholder as a sale or exchange only to the extent the amount of money received by the
shareholder exceeds the shareholders adjusted tax basis in its Fund shares. Any loss
may be recognized by a shareholder only if it redeems all of its Fund shares for money.
Any gain recognized may be treated by a shareholder as ordinary income to the extent of
its share of the Funds unrealized receivables (such as accrued market discount) and
substantially appreciated inventory, if any. A shareholder generally will not recognize
gain or loss on an in-kind distribution of property from the Fund. However, certain
exceptions to this general rule may apply. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
|
|
|
|
Furthermore, the Funds investment in certain securities and other assets, including
asset-backed securities, debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount, assets
marked to the market for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and entities treated as
partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may increase or accelerate the
recognition of income by Fund shareholders, including recognition of taxable income in
excess of the cash generated by such investments.
|
The above is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations.
You should consult your own tax adviser about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the
Fund in light of your particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local, or other
applicable taxes (including the federal alternative minimum tax). See Taxes in the SAI for more
information, including a summary of certain tax consequences of investing in the Fund for non-U.S.
shareholders.
-11-
CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(For a share outstanding throughout each period)
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Funds financial performance
for the past five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share.
The total returns in the table represent the rate that you would have earned (or lost) on an
investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). Information
presented in the table includes the accounts of the Fund and its majority-owned investment in GMO
SPV I, LLC. The consolidated financial statements include 100% of the assets and liabilities of
GMO SPV I, LLC. All significant inter-fund accounts and transactions have been eliminated in
consolidation.
This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds financial statements, is included in the
Funds Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference in the SAI and available upon request.
GMO SPECIAL PURPOSE HOLDING FUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 1, 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
through
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
|
Year Ended February 28/29,
|
|
|
February 29,
|
|
|
November 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
(a)
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
Net asset value, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
1.41
|
|
|
$
|
8.22
|
|
|
$
|
15.51
|
|
|
$
|
24.11
|
|
|
$
|
23.89
|
|
|
$
|
23.77
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from investment operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income (loss)
+
|
|
|
0.06
|
|
|
|
0.02
|
|
|
|
(0.08
|
)
|
|
|
0.41
|
|
|
|
0.13
|
|
|
|
0.75
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
|
|
|
6.28
|
|
|
|
41.16
|
|
|
|
8.57
|
|
|
|
9.08
|
|
|
|
0.09
|
|
|
|
(0.63
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total from investment operations
|
|
|
6.34
|
|
|
|
41.18
|
|
|
|
8.49
|
|
|
|
9.49
|
|
|
|
0.22
|
|
|
|
0.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less distributions to shareholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From net investment income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.74
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From cash distributions
|
|
|
(6.49
|
)
|
|
|
(47.99
|
)
|
|
|
(15.78
|
)
|
|
|
(17.29
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From return of capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.06
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total distributions
|
|
|
(6.49
|
)
|
|
|
(47.99
|
)
|
|
|
(15.78
|
)
|
|
|
(18.09
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net asset value, end of period
|
|
$
|
1.26
|
|
|
$
|
1.41
|
|
|
$
|
8.22
|
|
|
$
|
15.51
|
|
|
$
|
24.11
|
|
|
$
|
23.89
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Return
(b)
|
|
|
517.54
|
%
(c)
|
|
|
3613.95
|
%
(c)
|
|
|
124.75
|
%
(c)
|
|
|
36.35
|
%
(c)
|
|
|
0.92
|
%
**
|
|
|
0.50
|
%
|
Ratios/Supplemental Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets, end of period (000s)
|
|
$
|
697
|
|
|
$
|
780
|
|
|
$
|
4,553
|
|
|
$
|
8,595
|
|
|
$
|
225,727
|
|
|
$
|
224,113
|
|
Net operating expenses to average daily net assets
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.85
|
%
|
|
|
1.26
|
%
|
|
|
(0.01
|
)%
|
|
|
0.08
|
%
*
|
|
|
0.13
|
%
|
Interest expense to average daily net assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.04
|
%
*(d)
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(d)(e)
|
Total net expenses to average daily net assets
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(f)
|
|
|
0.85
|
%
|
|
|
1.26
|
%
|
|
|
(0.01
|
)%
|
|
|
0.12
|
%
*
|
|
|
0.13
|
%
|
Net investment income to average daily net assets
|
|
|
3.91
|
%
|
|
|
1.05
|
%
|
|
|
(0.65
|
%)
|
|
|
1.83
|
%
|
|
|
0.49
|
%
*
|
|
|
3.11
|
%
|
Portfolio turnover rate
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
**
|
|
|
80
|
%
|
Fees and expenses reimbursed by the
Manager to average daily net assets
|
|
|
8.84
|
%
|
|
|
3.74
|
%
|
|
|
1.39
|
%
|
|
|
0.67
|
%
|
|
|
0.11
|
%
*
|
|
|
0.10
|
%
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
The Fund changed its fiscal year end from November 30 to February 28.
|
|
(b)
|
|
The total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been reimbursed during the
periods shown and assumes the effect of reinvested distributions.
|
|
(c)
|
|
Had the effect of reinvested distributions not been assumed and income from investment
operations been retained, the total returns would have been 7.61%, 97.84%, 25.27%, and 39.36%
for the fiscal years ended 2008, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
|
|
(d)
|
|
Interest expense incurred as a result of entering into reverse repurchase agreements is
included in the Funds net expenses.
|
|
|
|
Income earned on investing proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements is included in interest
income.
|
|
(e)
|
|
Interest expense as a percentage of average daily net assets was less than 0.01%.
|
|
(f)
|
|
Total net expenses as a percentage of average daily net assets was less than 0.01%.
|
|
+
|
|
Calculated using average shares outstanding throughout the period.
|
|
*
|
|
Annualized.
|
|
**
|
|
Not annualized.
|
-12-
GMO TRUST
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders contain additional information about
the Funds investments. The Funds annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions
and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal
year. The Funds annual and semiannual reports and the Funds SAI are available free of charge by
writing to Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling
collect at 1-617-346-7646. Because the Fund does not publicly offer its shares, its shareholder
reports and SAI are not available on GMOs website. The SAI contains more detailed information
about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum, which means
that it is legally considered to be part of this Private Placement Memorandum.
You can review and copy the Private Placement Memorandum, SAI, and reports at the SECs Public
Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room
may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund
are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of
this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the
following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the
SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written
communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust
Chief Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM
June 27, 2008
GMO Special Situations Fund
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
GMO Special Situations Fund
(the Fund) is a separate investment portfolio of GMO Trust (the
Trust). The Trust is an open-end management investment company and operates as a series
investment company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, including the Fund.
Other portfolios are described in separate prospectuses. At this time, the Fund does not intend to
offer its shares publicly or to make them available other than to other funds of the Trust (GMO
Funds) and certain other accredited investors whose assets are managed in an asset allocation
strategy by Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLCs (the Manager or GMO) Asset Allocation
Division.
Investment Manager
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
This Private Placement Memorandum concisely describes the information which you ought to know
about the Fund before investing. Please read this memorandum carefully and keep it for further
reference. A Statement of Additional Information dated June 27, 2008, as revised from time to time
(SAI), is available free of charge by writing to GMO Shareholder Services, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling 1-617-346-7646. The SAI, which contains more detailed
information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum.
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS
AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD UNLESS SO
REGISTERED OR IN TRANSACTIONS EXEMPT THEREFROM. HOWEVER, THE SECURITIES ARE REDEEMABLE AS
DESCRIBED IN THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM. IN CERTAIN CASES INVESTORS MAY BE REDEEMED IN
KIND AND RECEIVE PORTFOLIO SECURITIES HELD BY THE FUND IN LIEU OF CASH UPON REDEMPTION.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION WITH
RESPECT TO THE SHARES EXCEPT SUCH INFORMATION AS IS CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM AND IN THE SAI OR
IN OTHER MATERIALS APPROVED BY THE TRUST. NO SALES MADE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES
CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN MATTERS DISCUSSED HEREIN SINCE THE DATE
HEREOF.
FUND SUMMARY
This summary is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments, employ strategies, and
be exposed to risks that are not described in this summary. More information about the Funds
investments and strategies is contained in the SAI. Except for policies identified in the SAI as
fundamental, the Funds Board of Trustees (Trustees) may change the Funds investment
objectives or policies without shareholder approval. The Funds investment manager is GMO (see
Management of the Fund below for a description of the Manager). Consistent with those investment
objectives and policies, GMO may change the Funds strategies and/or the investments used to effect
those strategies.
Investment objectives
The investment objectives of the Fund are capital appreciation and capital preservation.
There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives.
Principal investment strategies
The Manager plans to pursue the Funds investment objectives by implementing investment
strategies that complement long-only investments in global equities and fixed income instruments.
The Fund may have long or short exposure to foreign and U.S. equity securities (including both
growth and value style equities and equities of any market capitalization), foreign and U.S. fixed
income securities (including fixed income securities of any credit quality and having any maturity
or duration), currencies, and, from time to time, other alternative asset classes (e.g.,
instruments that seek exposure to or hedge risks of market volatility). The Fund is not restricted
in its exposure to any particular asset class, and at times may be substantially exposed (long or
short) to a single asset class (e.g., equity securities or fixed income securities). In addition,
the Fund is not restricted in its exposure (long or short) to any particular market. The Fund may
have substantial exposure (long or short) to a particular country or type of country (e.g.,
emerging countries). The Fund could be subject to material losses from a single investment.
In managing the Funds strategy, the Manager will employ proprietary quantitative investment
models and fundamental judgment for the selection of derivatives and other investments and
portfolio construction. The models use one or more independent, though possibly concentrated or
focused, strategies for selection of investments. The Manager also may eliminate strategies or add
new strategies in response to additional research, changing market conditions, or other factors.
In pursuing its investment objectives, the Fund may use a wide variety of exchange-traded and
over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, including options, futures, swap contracts, and swaptions.
For example, in circumstances that the Manager deems appropriate, the Fund intends to use credit
default swaps to a significant extent to take an active long or short position with respect to the
likelihood of default by special purpose, corporate, or sovereign issuers. Additionally, in
circumstances that the Manager deems appropriate, the Fund intends to take significant active long
and short currency positions in a particular currency through exchange-traded and OTC foreign
currency derivatives as well as hedge its currency exposure through the use of currency forwards
and other derivatives. Except for margin or other applicable regulatory requirements, there will
be no limitations on the extent of the Funds net long or net short positions.
The Fund may elect to make some or all of its investments through one or more wholly-owned,
non-U.S. subsidiaries. GMO may serve as the investment manager to these companies but will not
receive any additional management or other fees for such services.
- 1 -
The Fund also may invest directly in U.S. government securities, municipal securities, and
cash and cash-like investments.
The Fund does not seek to control risk relative to a particular securities market index or
benchmark. In addition, the Fund does not seek to outperform a particular securities market index
or blend of market indices (i.e., the Fund does not seek relative return).
When used in this Private Placement Memorandum, the term invest includes both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct investments and
indirect investments. For instance, the Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by
investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the
underlying asset.
In addition, the term fixed income securities includes (i) obligations of an
issuer to make payments of principal and/or interest on future dates and (ii) synthetic debt
instruments created by the Manager by combining a futures contract, swap contract, or option on a
non-synthetic fixed income security with cash, a cash equivalent, or a non-synthetic fixed income
security. For purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, the term bond refers to any fixed
income security.
In addition, for purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, the term investment grade
refers to a rating of Baa3/BBB- or better given by Moodys Investors Service, Inc.
(Moodys)/Standard & Poors Ratings Services (S&P) to a particular fixed income security, and
the term below investment grade refers to any rating below Baa3/BBB- given by Moodys/S&P to a
particular fixed income security. Securities rated below investment grade are also known as high
yield or junk bonds. In addition, in this Private Placement Memorandum, investment grade
securities that are given a rating of Aa/AA or better by Moodys/S&P are referred to as high
quality. Securities referred to as investment grade, below investment grade, or high quality
include not only securities rated by Moodys and S&P, but also securities unrated by Moodys or S&P
that are determined by the Manager to have credit qualities comparable to securities rated by
Moodys and/or S&P as investment grade, below investment grade, or high quality, as applicable.
The Fund has elected to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Unless otherwise specified in this Private Placement Memorandum or in the SAI, the Manager is not
obligated to and generally will not consider tax consequences when seeking to achieve the Funds
investment objective (e.g., the Fund may engage in transactions that are not tax efficient for
shareholders subject to U.S. federal income tax). Income from certain types of investments made by
the Fund may be treated as unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) and subject to tax when
allocated to tax-exempt shareholders. Portfolio turnover is not a principal consideration when the
Manager makes investment decisions for the Fund. Based on its assessment of market conditions, the
Manager may trade the Funds investments more frequently at some times than at others. High
turnover rates may adversely affect the Funds performance by generating additional transaction
costs and may result in additional taxable income that is passed through by the Fund to its
shareholders.
Principal risks of investing in the Fund
The value of the Funds shares changes with the value of the Funds investments. Many factors
can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. Factors that may affect
the Funds portfolio as a whole are called principal risks and are summarized in this section.
This summary describes the nature of these principal risks and certain related risks, but is not
intended to include every potential risk. The Fund could be subject to additional risks because
the types of investments it makes may change over time. The SAI includes more information about
the Fund and its investments.
The
Fund, by itself, is not intended to provide a complete investment program, and an investment
in the Fund should only be considered as part of a diversified portfolio that includes other
investments.
- 2 -
To the extent that the Fund invests in wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Fund is exposed to all
the risks to which its wholly-owned subsidiaries are exposed, as well as the risk that investments
made through its wholly-owned subsidiaries will not perform as expected. Therefore, unless
otherwise noted herein, the principal risks summarized below include both direct and indirect
principal risks of the Fund, and as indicated above, references in this section to investments made
by the Fund include those made both directly by the Fund and indirectly by the Fund through its
wholly-owned subsidiaries.
|
|
|
CUSTOMIZED INVESTMENT PROGRAM RISK
|
The Fund is not intended to provide a complete investment program and is intended generally to
complement the long-only investments in global equities and fixed income instruments utilized in
the Managers asset allocation strategies. As a result, the risks associated with the Funds
investments often will be far greater (and the Funds investment returns may be far more volatile)
than if the Fund served as a stand-alone investment vehicle.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Managers ability to achieve
its investment objective. The Manager uses proprietary investment techniques and risk analyses in
making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no assurance that the Manager will
achieve the desired results. The Manager, for example, may fail to use derivatives effectively,
choosing to hedge or not to hedge positions at disadvantageous times. The nature of the risks
assumed as a result of the Funds derivative positions and other investments may cause the Fund to
incur significant losses.
The Fund invests in derivatives, which are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is
derived from, the value of underlying reference rates, assets or indices. Derivatives may relate
to interest rates, securities, currencies or currency exchange rates, volatility, and related
indices. The Fund may use derivatives for many purposes. The SAI contains a description of the
various derivatives the Fund may utilize.
The use of derivatives may involve risks different from, or potentially greater than, the
risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. In
particular, the use of derivatives exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty to an OTC
derivative contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise to
honor its obligations. OTC derivative contracts typically can be closed out only with the other
party to the contract. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but
there can be no assurance that the counterparty will meet its contractual obligations or that the
Fund will be able to enforce its contractual rights. For example, because the contract for each
OTC derivative is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the Fund is subject to the
risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default)
differently than the Fund. If that occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings
required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its
claims against the counterparty. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to
obtain payments the Manager believes are owed to it under OTC derivative contracts or that those
payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. In
addition, the Fund may invest in derivatives as to which the counterpartys obligations are not
secured by collateral (e.g., foreign currency forwards; see Currency Risk below), that require
collateral but in which the Funds security interest is not perfected, or in which the derivative
is not regularly marked-to-market (e.g., certain OTC derivatives). When the counterparties
obligations are not secured by collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the risk of
- 3 -
having limited recourse if a counterparty defaults. Due to the nature of the Funds
investments, the Fund may invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties and events
that affect the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the
Fund.
Derivatives also are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, and credit and counterparty risk. Since the
value of derivatives is calculated and derived from the value of other assets, instruments, or
references, the derivatives may be improperly valued. Derivatives also involve the risk that
changes in their value may not correlate perfectly with the assets, rates, or indices they are
designed to hedge or closely track. The use of derivatives also may increase the taxes payable by
shareholders.
Suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances. For example, if a
counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will not be
permitted to trade with that counterparty. In addition, the Manager may decide not to use
derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce risk exposure.
Derivatives risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund because it makes substantial use of
derivatives to implement its investment program. Swap contracts and other OTC derivatives, in
particular, are highly susceptible to liquidity risk (see Liquidity Risk below) and credit and
counterparty risk (see Credit and Counterparty Risk below) and are subject to documentation
risks. Swap contracts and other OTC derivatives also involve the risk of mispricing or improper
valuation, and there can be no assurance that the pricing models employed by the Funds third-party
valuation services and/or the Manager will produce valuations that are reflective of levels at
which such swaps and OTC derivatives may actually be closed out or sold. This valuation risk will
be more pronounced in cases where the Fund enters into swaps and OTC derivatives with specialized
terms because the value of those derivatives may in some cases be determined in part by reference
to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. Credit default swaps involve one party paying
another party for the right to receive a specified return in the event of a default by a third
party (e.g., a corporate (including asset-backed security) or sovereign issuer) on a particular
obligation. If the Fund uses credit default swaps to obtain synthetic long exposure to a debt
instrument or index of debt instruments, the Fund is exposed to the risk that it will be required
to pay the notional value of the swap contract in the event of default. There can be no assurance
that the Funds use of derivatives will be effective or will have the desired results.
Currency risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the U.S.
dollar value of the Funds investments. Currency risk includes both the risk that currencies in
which the Funds investments are traded and/or in which the Fund receives income, or currencies in
which the Fund has taken an active investment position, will decline in value relative to the U.S.
dollar. In the case of hedging positions, currency risk includes the risk that the U.S. dollar
will decline in value relative to the foreign currency being hedged. Foreign currency exchange
rates may fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including changes in supply and demand in the
foreign exchange markets, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, intervention (or the
failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks, or supranational agencies such
as the International Monetary Fund, and currency controls or other political developments in the
U.S. or abroad.
The Fund may use derivatives to acquire a position in currencies whose value is expected to
correlate with the value of currencies the Fund owns, wants to own, or is exposed to through its
investments. This presents the risk that the exchange rates of the currencies involved may not
move in relation to one another as expected. In that case, the Fund could lose money on its
holding of a particular currency and also lose money on the derivative. The Fund also may take
active currency positions and
- 4 -
hedge the currency exposure of the securities in which it has invested. As a result, its
currency exposure may differ significantly from the currency exposure of those securities.
Because the Fund may invest or trade in securities denominated in foreign currencies and may
use related derivatives and have foreign currency holdings, it may be adversely affected by changes
in the exchange rates of foreign currencies. Currency risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund
because it may, for investment purposes, regularly acquire derivatives on foreign currencies and
take active long and short currency positions through exchange-traded and OTC foreign currency
derivatives. Derivative transactions in foreign currencies (such as futures, forwards, options and
swaps) may involve leveraging risk, in addition to currency risk, as described below under
Leveraging Risk. In addition, consistent with industry practice, the obligations of
counterparties in currency derivatives may not be secured by collateral, which increases
counterparty risk (see Credit and Counterparty Risk below).
The Funds use of reverse repurchase agreements and other derivatives and securities lending
may cause its portfolio to be leveraged. Leverage increases the Funds portfolio losses when the
value of its investments declines. The Funds portfolio also may be leveraged temporarily if it
borrows money to meet redemption requests and/or to settle investment transactions.
The Fund is not limited in the extent to which it may directly or indirectly use derivatives
or in the absolute face value of its derivative positions. As a result, the Funds net long or
short exposure may have a net notional value in excess of its net assets.
|
|
|
CREDIT AND COUNTERPARTY RISK
|
This is the risk that the counterparty to an OTC derivative contract, the issuer or guarantor
of a fixed income security, or a borrower of the Funds securities will be unable or unwilling to
make timely principal, interest, or settlement payments, or otherwise to honor its obligations.
Credit risk for fixed income securities is the risk that the issuer will be unable to make
scheduled payments of principal and interest. The value of the funds investments can decline as a
result of an issuers defaulting in its payment obligations or the markets expectation of a
default. The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuers of the fixed income securities in which
it invests will have their credit ratings downgraded. Nearly all fixed income securities are
subject to some credit risk. The risk varies depending upon whether the issuers of the securities
are corporations or domestic or foreign governments or their sub-divisions or instrumentalities and
whether the particular note or other instrument held by the Fund has a priority in payment of
principal and interest. U.S. government securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk
depending upon whether the securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United
States, supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, supported only by the credit of
the issuing U.S. government agency, instrumentality, or corporation, or otherwise supported by the
United States. For example, issuers of many types of U.S. government securities (e.g., the Federal
Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie
Mae), and Federal Home Loan Banks), although chartered or sponsored by Congress, are not funded by
Congressional appropriations, and their fixed income securities, including mortgage-backed and
other asset-backed securities, are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government. These
securities, as well as municipal securities, are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government
securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S.
Treasury bonds). Asset-backed securities, whose principal and interest payments are supported by
pools of other assets, such as credit-card receivables, automobile loans, and sub-prime mortgages,
are subject to further risks, including the
- 5 -
risk that the obligors of the underlying assets default on their obligations. See Market
Risk Fixed Income Securities below for a discussion of these risks. The obligations of issuers
also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of
creditors.
Credit risk is particularly pronounced for below investment grade securities (also known as
junk bonds), which are fixed income securities rated lower than Baa3 by Moodys, BBB- by S&P, or
securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality
to securities so rated. Junk bonds are considered predominantly speculative with respect to the
ability of the issuer to make principal and interest payments. Although offering the potential for
higher investment returns, junk bonds often are less liquid than higher quality securities, their
issuers ability to meet principal and interest payments is considered speculative, and they are
more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions. From
time to time, the Fund may hold below investment grade securities. At such times, it will be
subject to these risks.
In addition, the Fund is exposed to counterparty risk because it uses OTC derivatives in
implementing its investment program. It will also be exposed to counterparty risk to the extent it
lends its portfolio securities or uses repurchase agreements. There can be no assurance that a
counterparty will meet its obligations, especially during unusually adverse market conditions. If
the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but the Fund may be unable to
enforce its contractual rights. The Fund is subject in particular to the creditworthiness of
counterparties because certain types of swap contracts used by the Fund frequently have durations
longer than six months (and, in many cases, a number of years). Counterparty risk also may be more
pronounced if a counterpartys obligations are not secured by collateral, the Funds interest in
the collateral is not perfected, or the instrument is not regularly marked-to-market. In addition,
the Fund may have significant exposure to a single counterparty as a result of its use of swaps and
other OTC derivatives (see also Focused Investment Risk below).
|
|
|
FOCUSED INVESTMENT RISK
|
A fund that focuses its investments in securities of companies in a particular industry may be
especially vulnerable to events affecting companies in that industry because those companies may
share common characteristics, are often subject to similar business risks and regulatory burdens,
and often react similarly to specific economic, market, political, or other developments. This
risk is pronounced for the Fund because it makes significant use of swap contracts and other OTC
derivative instruments. Because a swap contract and other types of OTC derivative instruments
involve an agreement between two parties, the Fund is exposed to the credit of the contract
counterparties, many of which will be part of the banking, brokerage, or financial services sector
or related industries. Therefore, events that affect the banking, brokerage, or financial services
sector or related industries generally may affect the counterparties with whom the Fund has
derivative contracts, and may have a significant adverse effect on the Fund. The Fund may be
further subject to these risks because of its exposure to asset-backed securities secured by
different types of consumer debt (e.g., credit-card receivables, automobile loans, educational
loans, and home equity loans). See Market RiskFixed Income Securities below for further
discussion of the risks associated with asset-backed securities.
|
|
|
NON-DIVERSIFICATION RISK
|
Investing in securities of many different issuers can reduce overall risk, while investing in
securities of a small number of issuers can increase it. The Fund is not a diversified
investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940
Act). This means it is allowed to invest in the securities of a relatively small number of
issuers and/or foreign currencies. As a result, they may be subject to greater credit, market, and
other risks than if the Fund were diversified.
- 6 -
|
|
|
FOREIGN INVESTMENT RISK
|
Because the Fund may invest in foreign (non-U.S.) securities, it is subject to additional and
more varied risks because the market prices of those securities may fluctuate more rapidly and to a
greater degree than those of U.S. securities. The securities markets of many foreign countries are
relatively small, involving securities of a limited number of companies in a small number of
industries. Additionally, issuers of foreign securities may not be subject to the same degree of
regulation as U.S. issuers. Reporting, accounting, and auditing standards of foreign countries
differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards. Foreign portfolio transactions generally
involve higher commission rates, transfer taxes, and custodial costs, and holders of foreign
securities may be subject to foreign taxes on dividends and interest payable on those securities.
Also, for investments in lesser developed countries, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory
taxation, adverse changes in investment, capital, or exchange control regulations (which may
include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a country), political changes, or
diplomatic developments could adversely affect the Fund. In the event of a nationalization,
expropriation, or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in a foreign
security.
In addition, because the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in the securities
of issuers based in emerging countries, it is subject to greater foreign investment risk than Funds
investing primarily in more developed foreign countries. These risks include: greater fluctuations
in currency exchange rates; increased risk of default (including both government and private
issuers); greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including the risk
of war); greater governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and
regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets; controls on foreign
investment, capital controls, and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on a Funds
ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; unavailability of currency hedging
techniques; companies that are smaller and more recently organized; differences in, or lack of,
auditing and financial reporting standards and resulting unavailability of material information
about issuers; slower clearance and settlement; difficulties in obtaining and/or enforcing legal
judgments; and significantly smaller market capitalizations of issuers. These risks may be
particularly pronounced for the Fund to the extent it invests in investments tied economically to
emerging markets or invests in sovereign debt of emerging countries.
|
|
|
MARKET RISK
FIXED INCOME SECURITIES
|
The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the risk of unfavorable changes in the value of
the fixed income securities in which the Fund invests. The following summarizes certain general
market risks associated with investments in or exposure to fixed income securities.
A principal risk of the Funds investments in fixed income securities (including bonds, notes,
synthetic debt instruments, and asset-backed securities) is that the value of those securities
typically changes as interest rates fluctuate. This kind of market risk, also called interest
rate risk, is generally greater for funds investing in fixed income securities with longer
durations, although it is present, to a lesser extent, in the Funds investments in shorter
duration fixed income securities. Fixed income securities are also subject to credit risk (see
Credit and Counterparty Risk above) and, for foreign-currency denominated instruments, currency
risk (see Currency Risk above).
Interest rate risk relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest
rates. The value of fixed-rate securities generally falls when interest rates rise, since
prospective interest payments exceed current payments; the opposite is true when interest rates
fall, since current investments have locked in a higher interest rate. The extent to which a
securitys value moves with interest rates is referred to as interest-rate duration, which can be
measured mathematically or empirically. Longer-
- 7 -
maturity investments generally have longer durations, as the investments fixed rate is locked
in for longer. Floating-rate or adjustable-rate securities, however, generally have short interest
rate durations, since their interest rates are not fixed but rather float up and down with the
level of prevailing interest rates.
An additional type of market risk exists for the Fund because a substantial portion of its
fixed income securities holdings may consist of asset-backed securities. Those securities may be
backed by many types of assets, including pools of residential and commercial mortgages, automobile
loans, educational loans, home equity loans, or credit-card receivables. They also may be backed
by pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans made to corporations, or a combination of
these bonds and loans (commonly referred to as collateralized debt obligations). Payment of
interest on asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depend on the cash flows
generated by the underlying assets backing the securities. The amount of market risk associated
with asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including the deal structure (i.e.,
determination as to the amount of underlying assets or other support needed to produce the cash
flows necessary to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of the underlying
assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit quality of
the credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of principal if
obligors of the underlying obligations default in payment of the obligations and the defaulted
obligations exceed the credit support. The underlying obligations, in particular securities backed
by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, also are subject to unscheduled prepayment,
particularly during periods of falling interest rates. The Fund may be unable to invest
prepayments at as high a yield as the asset-backed security.
The value of an asset-backed security may depend on the servicing of its underlying asset and
is, therefore, subject to risks associated with the negligence or defalcation of its servicer. In
some circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation also may affect the rights of security
holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables
or that utilize the assets may result in a decline in the value of the underlying assets, as well
as costs and delays. The Fund also may be subject to risks related to investing in asset-backed
securities backed by different types of consumer debt (e.g., credit-card receivables, automobile
loans, educational loans, and home equity loans). See Focused Investment Risk above for a
discussion of these risks.
To the extent the Fund invests in fixed income securities paying no interest, such as zero
coupon and principal-only and interest-only securities, it will be exposed to additional market
risk.
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|
|
MARKET RISK EQUITY SECURITIES
|
The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the risk of unfavorable changes in the value of
the equity securities owned by the Fund. A principal risk of the Fund is that the equity
securities in which the Fund invests will decline in value due to factors affecting the issuing
companies, their industries, or the economy and equity markets generally. Equity securities may
decline in value for reasons that directly relate to the issuing company, such as management
performance, financial leverage, and reduced demand for the issuers goods or services. They also
may decline in value due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor
shortages, increased production costs, or competitive conditions within an industry. In addition,
they may decline in value due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a
company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general
outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor
sentiment generally.
- 8 -
|
|
|
MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISK
|
The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical events may disrupt securities markets and
adversely affect global economies and markets generally. The war in Iraq has had a substantial
effect on economies and securities markets in the U.S. and worldwide. Terrorism in the U.S. and
around the world has had a similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk. The
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets for
four days, and similar future events are possible. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events
have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have
adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Those events as well
as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions also could adversely
affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit
ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Funds
investments. At such times, the Funds exposure to the risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, and credit and counterparty risk, can increase.
The value of the Funds investments may be adversely affected by acts of terrorism and other
changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions. In addition, market disruptions
might prevent for the Fund from implementing its investment program for a period of time. For
example, a disruption may cause the Funds derivative counterparties to discontinue offering
derivatives on certain underlying securities, reference rates, or indices or to offer such products
on a more limited basis.
Because shares of the Fund are expected to be held only by GMO Funds and certain other
accredited investors whose assets are managed in an asset allocation strategy by the Managers
Asset Allocation Division, the Fund is subject to the risk that these shareholders will reallocate
or rebalance their investments. Asset allocation decisions by the Manager will likely result in
substantial redemptions from (or investments into) the Fund, forcing the Fund to have to sell
portfolio securities in order to satisfy redemption requests or purchase portfolio securities in
order to invest cash. These transactions may adversely affect the Funds performance. These
transactions also may accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of
investments result in capital gains, and also may increase transaction costs.
The Fund is exposed to liquidity risk when low trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large
position, or legal restrictions limit the Funds ability to sell particular securities or close out
derivative positions at an advantageous price. Because the Funds principal investment strategies
involve the use of derivatives, (in particular OTC derivatives) it has increased exposure to
liquidity risk. Derivatives (in particular OTC derivatives) are more likely to be fair valued (see
Determination of Net Asset Value below). The Fund also may be exposed to liquidity risk when it
has an obligation to purchase particular securities (e.g., as a result of entering into reverse
repurchase agreements or closing out a short position). Furthermore, since 2007, certain
mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities have experienced limited liquidity. There can be
no assurance that the market will, in the future, become more liquid with respect to such
securities and it may well continue to be volatile for the foreseeable future.
- 9 -
Fees and expenses
The table below shows the expected cost of investing in the Fund.
Annual Fund operating expenses
(expenses that are paid from Fund assets as a percentage of average daily net assets):
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class III
|
|
Class VI
|
|
|
|
Management fee
|
|
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0.37
|
%
|
|
|
0.37
|
%
|
Shareholder Service Fee
|
|
|
0.15
|
%
|
|
|
0.055
|
%
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
0.04
|
%
1
|
|
|
0.04
|
%
1
|
Total annual operating expenses
|
|
|
0.56
|
%
|
|
|
0.47
|
%
|
Expense reimbursement
|
|
|
(0.04
|
%)
2
|
|
|
(0.04
|
%)
2
|
Net annual expenses
|
|
|
0.52
|
%
|
|
|
0.43
|
%
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Other expenses have been restated to reflect current fees and reflect the aggregate
of direct expenses associated with an investment in the Fund and the indirect net expenses
associated with the Funds investment in certain other pooled
investment vehicles (the underlying Funds) for the fiscal
year ended February 29, 2008. Amounts
do not include expenses associated with investments in the securities of unaffiliated issuers
unless such issuers hold themselves out to be investment companies. Net fees and expenses of
underlying Funds were less than 0.01%.
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|
2
|
|
The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund through at least June 30,
2009 to the extent the Funds total annual operating expenses (excluding shareholder service fees,
expenses indirectly incurred by investment in other Funds of the Trust, fees and expenses of the
independent Trustees of the Trust, fees and expenses for legal services not approved by the Manager
for the Trust, compensation and expenses of the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any
employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities lending fees and expenses, interest expense,
transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs (including expenses associated with investments
in any company that is an investment company or would be an investment company under the 1940 Act,
but for the exceptions to the definition of investment company provided in Section 3(c)(1) and
3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other
unusual expenses (including taxes)) exceed 0.37% of the Funds average daily net assets.
|
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
GMO,
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 provides investment
management and shareholder services to the
Fund and other GMO Funds. GMO is a private company, founded in 1977. As of April 30, 2008, GMO
managed on a worldwide basis more than $138 billion for the GMO Funds and institutional investors,
such as pension plans, endowments, and foundations.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, the Manager establishes and modifies when necessary
the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management
and shareholder services to the Fund, the
Manager administers the Funds business affairs.
The Fund pays the Manager shareholder service fees for providing client service and reporting,
such as performance information reporting, client account information, personal and electronic
access to Fund information, access to analysis and explanations of Fund reports, and assistance in
maintaining and correcting client-related information.
- 10 -
The
Managers annual compensation for investment management services rendered is 0.37% of the Funds
average daily net assets for each class of shares.
A
discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the
Funds initial investment management
contract will be included in the Funds annual or semiannual shareholder report for the period
during which the Trustees approved that contract.
GMOs
Asset Allocation Division is responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund. The
Divisions investment professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no one
person is primarily responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
Ben Inker is the senior member and director of the Asset Allocation Division. Mr. Inker has
been a senior member of the Division since 1996. As senior member and director of the Division,
Mr. Inker allocates responsibility for portions of the Funds portfolio to members of the Division,
oversees the implementation of trades, reviews the overall composition of the portfolio, including
compliance with its stated investment objective and strategies, and monitors cash.
The SAI contains other information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior
member, other accounts he manages and related conflicts, and his ownership of the Fund.
Custodian, Fund Accounting Agent, and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves
as the Funds custodian, fund accounting agent, and transfer agent.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close
of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
The Funds NAV per share for a class of shares is determined by dividing the total value of the
Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class
by the total number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. The Fund will not determine its NAV
on any day when the NYSE is closed for business. The Fund also may elect not to determine its NAV
on days during which no share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share
is received by the Fund.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
Exchange-listed securities
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Last sale price or
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Official closing price or
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Most recent bid price (if no reported sale or official closing price) or
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Broker bid (if the private market is more relevant in determining market value
than the exchange), based on where the securities are principally traded and their
intended disposition
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Unlisted securities
(if market quotations are readily available)
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Most recent quoted bid price
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- 11 -
Certain debt obligations
(if less than sixty days remain until maturity)
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Amortized cost (unless circumstances dictate otherwise; for example, if the
issuers creditworthiness has become impaired)
|
All other fixed income securities and options on those securities (except for options written by
the Fund)
(includes bonds, loans, structured notes)
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Most recent bid supplied by a primary pricing source chosen by the Manager
|
Options written by the Fund
Shares of other open-end registered investment companies
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NAV at the time of valuation of shares of the Fund
|
Fair Value Pricing
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where market prices
are not readily available or circumstances render an existing methodology or procedure unreliable,
the Funds investments will be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees
or pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
|
4
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|
A significant percentage of the Funds assets may be fair
valued. The value of assets that are fair valued is determined by the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved
by the Trustees. Some of the factors that may be considered in determining
fair value are the value of other financial instruments traded on other
markets, trading volumes, changes in interest rates, observations from
financial institutions, significant events (which may be considered to include
changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after
the close of the relevant market and before the time that the Funds net asset
value is calculated, and other news events. Although the goal of fair
valuation is to determine the amount the owner of the securities might
reasonably expect to receive upon their current sale, because of the subjective
and variable nature of fair value pricing, the fair value determined for a
particular security may be materially different than the value realized upon
its sale.
|
The values of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S.
dollars generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time at then current exchange rates or at such other rates
as the Trustees or persons acting at their direction may determine appropriate in computing net
asset value.
The Manager evaluates primary pricing sources from time to time, and may change any
pricing source at any time. However, the Manager does not normally evaluate the prices supplied by
the pricing sources on a day-to-day basis. The Manager is kept informed of erratic or unusual
movements (including unusual inactivity) in the prices supplied for a security and may in its
discretion override a price supplied by a source (by taking a price supplied by another) when the
Manager believes that the
- 12 -
price supplied is not reliable. Some securities may be valued on the basis of a price
provided by a principal market maker. Prices provided by principal market makers may vary from the
value that would be realized if the securities were sold. In addition, because the Fund may hold
portfolio securities listed on foreign exchanges that trade on days on which the NYSE is closed,
the net asset value of the Funds shares may change significantly on days when shares cannot be
redeemed.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings. That
policy is described in the SAI. Information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each
months end is made available to shareholders of the Trust, qualified potential shareholders as
determined by GMO (potential shareholders), and their consultants or agents through a secured
link on GMOs website approximately five days after month end.
To access this information on GMOs website (http://www.gmo.com/america/strategies),
shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents must contact GMO to obtain a
password and user name (to the extent they do not already have them) and enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that permits the information to be used only for
purposes determined of GMO to be in the best interest of the
shareholders of the Fund. GMO may make portfolio holdings information
available in alternate formats under the conditions described in the
SAI.
The
Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings, and the Fund may modify the
disclosure policy without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings will
remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual
report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the
date of those holdings.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Currently, shares of the Fund are principally available for purchase by other GMO funds and
certain other accredited investors. All investors must be accredited investors as defined in
Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933.
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares from the Trust when the NYSE
is open for business. For instructions on purchasing shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or
send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust will not accept a purchase request unless a completed GMO
Trust Application, and IRS Form W-9 (for U.S. shareholders) or the appropriate IRS Form W-8 (for
foreign shareholders) with a correct taxpayer identification number
(if required), is on file with
GMO.
Purchase Policies.
You must submit a purchase request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a purchase request is in good order if it includes:
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The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being purchased;
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The U.S. dollar amount of the shares to be purchased;
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The date on which the purchase is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the close
of regular trading on that date);
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The name and/or the account number (if any) set forth with sufficient clarity to
avoid ambiguity;
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The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application;
and
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- 13 -
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Payment in full (by check, wire, or, when approved,
securities) received by an agent of the
Trust by 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or the close of the NYSE, whichever is earlier.
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|
4
|
|
If payment is not received prior to the close of regular trading on the intended
purchase date, the request may be rejected unless prior arrangements have been approved
by GMO for later payment.
|
If the purchase request is received in good order by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the purchase price for the Fund shares to
be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day. If the good order purchase
request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the purchase price for the Fund
shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day that
the NYSE is open.
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal
law requires the Trust to verify identifying information provided by you in your GMO Trust
Application. Additional identifying documentation also may be required. If the Trust is unable to
verify the information shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed and your
shares redeemed at their net asset value at the time of the redemption.
The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase order. In addition, without notice, the
Fund in its sole discretion may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares to new
investors and, in some circumstances, existing shareholders.
Minimum investment amounts (by class) are set forth in the tables on pages 17 and 18 of this
Private Placement Memorandum. No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional
shares of a class of the Fund. The Trust may waive initial minimums for some investors.
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (the Cut-off Time) and receive the current days price if
the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a purchase request prior to the
Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the purchases by the Top Funds of shares of the Fund are
executed pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form
. Completed purchase order forms can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust
at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to
confirm good order
receipt and acceptance
of your purchase order form. Do not send cash, checks, or securities
directly to the Trust. Purchase requests submitted by mail are received by the Trust when
actually delivered to the Trust. Purchase requests delivered by facsimile are received by the
Trust when such facsimile is actually received by the Trust or its agent.
- 14 -
Funding Your Investment
. You may purchase shares:
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|
|
with cash (via wire transfer or check)
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|
4
|
|
By wire
. Instruct your bank to wire the amount of your investment to:
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts
ABA#: 011-001-438
Attn: Transfer Agent
Credit: GMO Deposit Account 55555-4444
Further credit: GMO Special Situations Fund/Account name and number
|
4
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|
By check
. All checks must be made payable to the Fund or to GMO Trust.
The Trust will not accept checks payable to a third party that have been endorsed
by the payee to the Trust. Mail checks to:
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By U.S. Postal Service:
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|
By Overnight Courier:
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State Street Bank and Trust Company
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|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
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Transfer Agency/GMO
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|
Attn: Transfer Agency/GMO
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P.O. Box 642
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|
200 Clarendon Street
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Mail Code JHT2920
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|
29th Floor Mail Code JHT2920
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Boston, MA 02117-0642
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Boston, MA 02116
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in exchange for securities acceptable to the Manager
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4
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securities must be approved by the Manager prior to transfer to the Fund
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4
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securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
|
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by a combination of cash and securities
|
Frequent Trading Activity.
The Trustees have adopted procedures designed to
detect and prevent frequent trading activity that is harmful to certain other GMO Funds and their
shareholders. Frequent trading strategies are generally strategies that involve repeated exchanges
and/or purchases and redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time.
Frequent trading strategies may be disruptive to the efficient management of such funds, materially
increase portfolio transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term
investors, or otherwise be harmful to such funds and their shareholders.
Notwithstanding the
foregoing, these policies and procedures do not limit frequent
trading of the Fund.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares when the NYSE is open for
business. Redemption requests should be submitted to the Trust. For instructions on redeeming
shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust may take up
to seven days to remit proceeds.
Redemption Policies.
You must submit a redemption request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a redemption request is in good order if it includes:
- 15 -
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The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being redeemed;
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The number of shares or the dollar amount of the shares to be redeemed;
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|
|
The date on which the redemption is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the
close of regular trading on that date);
|
|
|
|
|
The name and/or the account number set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid
ambiguity;
|
|
|
|
|
The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list; and
|
|
|
|
|
Wire instructions or registration address that match the wire instructions or
registration address (as applicable) on file at GMO or confirmation from an authorized
signatory that the wire instructions are valid.
|
If the redemption request is received in good order by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the redemption price for the Fund shares to
be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on that day. If the good order redemption
request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the redemption price for the
Fund shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day
unless an authorized person on the account has instructed GMO Shareholder Services in writing to
defer the redemption to another day. In the event of a disaster affecting Boston, Massachusetts,
please contact GMO to confirm good order receipt of your redemption request. If you have
instructed GMO Shareholder Services to defer the redemption to another day an authorized person on
the account may revoke your redemption request in writing at any time prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern
time on the redemption date.
Failure to provide the Trust with a properly authorized redemption request or otherwise
satisfy the Trust as to the validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address
will result in a delay in processing a redemption request, delay in remittance of redemption
proceeds, or a rejection of the redemption request.
If the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that a redemption payment wholly or partly
in cash would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay
the redemption proceeds in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund instead of cash.
If a redemption is paid in cash:
|
|
|
payment generally will be made by means of federal funds transfer to the bank
account designated in a recordable format by an authorized signatory in the GMO Trust
Application to purchase the Fund shares being redeemed
|
|
4
|
|
designation of one or more additional bank accounts or any change in
the bank accounts originally designated in the GMO Trust Application must be made
in a recordable format by an authorized signatory according to the procedures in
the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form
|
|
|
|
upon request, payment will be made by check mailed to the registration address (unless
another address is specified according to the procedures in the GMO Trust Redemption Order
Form).
|
|
|
|
|
If a redemption is paid with securities, it is important for you to note:
|
|
|
|
|
securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as set forth under
Determination of Net Asset Value
|
- 16 -
|
|
|
securities distributed by the Fund will be selected by the Manager in light of the
Funds objective and may not represent a pro rata distribution of each security held in
the Funds portfolio
|
|
|
|
|
you may incur brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result
of an in-kind redemption
|
|
|
|
|
in-kind redemptions generally are treated by shareholders for
tax purposes the same as redemptions paid in cash
|
|
|
|
|
in-kind redemptions will be transferred and delivered by the Trust as directed in
writing by an authorized person on the account.
|
The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven
days:
|
|
|
if the NYSE is closed on days other than weekends or holidays
|
|
|
|
|
during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted
|
|
|
|
|
during an emergency which makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its
securities or to fairly determine the net asset value of the Fund
|
|
|
|
|
during any other period permitted by the SEC for your protection.
|
Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has
the right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder unilaterally at any time if at that time: (i)
the shares of the Fund or a class held by the shareholder have an aggregate net asset value of less
than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) the shares of the Fund or a
class held by the shareholder exceed a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or a class
determined from time to time by the Trustees. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole
discretion to redeem shares held by certain shareholders to prevent the shareholder from becoming
an affiliated person of the Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days
price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption request prior to
the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Redemption Request
.
Redemption requests can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
to the Trust at the address/facsimile number set forth under How to Purchase Shares
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Redemption requests submitted by mail are received by the
Trust when actually delivered to the Trust. Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com to
confirm good order receipt and acceptance
of redemption requests.
MULTIPLE CLASSES
The Fund offers multiple classes of shares. The sole economic difference between the Class III
and Class VI shares of the Fund is the shareholder service fee they bear for client and shareholder
service, reporting and other support. Differences in the fee reflects the fact that, as the size of
a client relationship increases, the cost to service that client decreases as a percentage of the
assets in that account. Thus, the shareholder service fee generally is lower for classes requiring
greater minimum total investment under GMOs management.
- 17 -
Minimum Investment Criteria for Class III Eligibility
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholder Service Fee
|
|
|
Minimum Total Fund
|
|
Minimum Total
|
|
(as a % of average
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
Investment
1
|
|
daily net assets)
|
Class III Shares
|
|
N/A
|
|
$10 million
|
|
0.15%
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
The eligibility requirements in the table above are subject to certain exceptions and
special rules for certain plan investors investing through financial intermediaries and for certain
clients with continuous client relationships with GMO since May 31, 1996. See discussion
immediately following these tables for more information about these exceptions and special rules.
|
Minimum Investment Criteria for Class VI Eligibility
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minimum Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment
including
|
|
Shareholder Service Fee
|
|
|
Minimum Total Fund
|
|
Minimum Fund
|
|
(as a % of average daily net
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
Investment
|
|
assets)
|
Class VI Shares
|
|
$300 million
|
|
$750 million
including
$35
million in Fund
|
|
0.055%
|
Eligibility to purchase different classes of the Fund shares depends on the clients meeting
either (i) the minimum Total Fund Investment set forth in the above tables, which includes only a
clients total investment in the Fund, or (ii) the minimum Total Investment set forth in the
above tables, calculated as described below; provided that clients who qualify for Class VI Shares
of the Fund as a result of satisfying the minimum Total Investment requirement for the class also
may be required to make a minimum investment in the Fund as set forth in the above tables.
A clients Total Investment equals the market value of all the clients assets managed by GMO
and its affiliates (1) at the time of initial investment, (2) at close of business on the last
business day of each calendar quarter, or (3) at other times as determined by the Manager (each, a
Determination Date).
Upon request, GMO may permit a client to undertake in writing to meet the applicable Total
Fund Investment or Total Investment over a specified period. If the clients goal is not met by
the time specified in the letter (the Commitment Date), the client will be converted on the next
Determination Date to the class of shares for which the client satisfied all minimum investment
requirements as of the Commitment Date.
You should note:
|
|
|
No minimum additional investment is required to purchase additional shares of
the Fund for any class of shares.
|
|
|
|
|
The Manager will make all determinations as to the aggregation of client
accounts for purposes of determining eligibility. When making decisions regarding
whether accounts should be aggregated because they are part of a larger client
relationship, the Manager considers several factors including, but not limited to,
whether: the multiple accounts are for one or more subsidiaries of the same parent
company; the multiple accounts have the same beneficial owner regardless of the legal
form of ownership; the investment mandate is the same or substantially similar across
the relationship; the asset allocation strategies are substantially similar across the
relationship; GMO reports to the same investment board; the
|
- 18 -
|
|
|
consultant is the same for the entire relationship; GMO services the relationship
through a single GMO relationship manager; the relationships have substantially similar
reporting requirements; and/or the relationship can be serviced from a single geographic
location.
|
|
|
|
|
Eligibility requirements for each class of shares are subject to change upon
notice to shareholders.
|
|
|
|
|
The Trust may waive eligibility requirements for certain accounts or special
situations (e.g., funds that invest in GMO Funds may invest in the least expensive
class of those GMO Funds in operation at the time of investment).
|
|
|
|
|
In general, all investments by defined contribution plans through an intermediary are
invested
in Class III Shares.
|
Conversions between Classes
Each clients Total Fund Investment and Total Investment are determined by GMO on each
Determination Date. Based on this determination, and subject to the following, each clients
shares of the Fund identified for conversion will be converted to the class of shares of the Fund
with the lowest Shareholder Service Fee for which the client satisfies all minimum investment
requirements (or, to the extent the client already holds shares of that class, the client will
remain in that class). With respect to the Fund:
|
|
|
To the extent a client satisfies all minimum investment requirements for a
class of shares then being offered that bears a lower shareholder service fee than the
class held by the client on the Determination Date, the clients shares identified for
conversion will be automatically converted to that class within 45 calendar days
following the Determination Date on a date selected by the Manager.
|
|
|
|
|
To the extent a client no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements
for the class of shares held by the client on the last Determination Date of a calendar
year, the Trust will convert the clients shares to the class that is then being
offered bearing the lowest shareholder service fee for which the client satisfies all
minimum investment requirements (and which class will typically bear a higher
shareholder service fee than the class then held by the client). To the extent the
client no longer satisfies all minimum investment requirements for any class of the
Fund as of the last Determination Date of a calendar year or to the extent there is an
abusive pattern of investments and/or redemptions, the Trust will convert the clients
shares to the class of the Fund then being offered bearing the highest shareholder
service fee unless the value has increased prior to the expiration of the notice period
so as to satisfy all minimum investment requirements for the clients current class of
shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a clients shares will not be converted to a
class of shares bearing a higher shareholder service fee without at least 15 calendar
days prior notice by the Trust. To the extent that the client makes an additional
investment and/or the value of the clients shares otherwise increases prior to the
expiration of the notice period so as to satisfy all minimum investment requirements
for the clients current class of shares, the client will remain in the class of shares
then held by the client. Solely for the purpose of determining whether a client has
satisfied the additional investment requirements referenced in the preceding sentence,
the value of the clients shares shall be the greater of (A) the value of the clients
shares on the relevant Determination Date and (B) the value of the clients shares on
the date that notice is sent to the client hereunder. If the client is not able to make
an additional investment in the Fund solely because the Fund is closed to new
investment or
|
- 19 -
|
|
|
is capacity constrained, the client will remain in the class of shares then held by the
client unless the Manager approves reopening the Fund to facilitate an additional
investment. Any conversion of a clients shares to a class of shares bearing a higher
shareholder service fee will occur within 60 calendar days following the last
Determination Date of a calendar year or, in the case of conversion due to an abusive
pattern of investments and/or redemptions, on any other date pursuant to the Managers
discretion.
|
The Trust has been advised by counsel that, for tax purposes, the conversion of a clients
investment from one class of shares of the Fund to another class of shares of the Fund should not
result in the recognition of gain or loss in the shares that are converted. The clients tax basis
in the new class of shares immediately after the conversion should equal the clients basis in the
converted shares immediately before conversion, and the holding period of the new class of shares
should include the holding period of the converted shares.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Fund does not intend to make any distributions to its shareholders but may do so in the
sole discretion of the Trustees. Shareholders should read the description below for information
regarding the tax character of distributions, if any, and allocations from the Fund to
shareholders.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to
shareholders investing in the Fund. The Funds principal shareholders are expected to be regulated
investment companies (RICs) as defined by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The
summary below does not address tax consequences to shareholders of those other funds. Shareholders
of those other funds should refer to the prospectuses or private placement memoranda (as
applicable) and statements of additional information for those funds for a summary of the tax
consequences applicable to them.
|
|
|
The Fund has elected to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. As a partnership, the Fund is not itself subject to U.S. federal income tax.
Instead, each shareholder will be required to take into account its distributive share
of items of Fund income, gain, loss, deduction, credit and tax preference for each
taxable year substantially as though such items had been realized directly by the
shareholder and without regard to whether any distribution by the Fund has been or will
be received. Allocations of taxable income, gain, loss, deductions, credits and tax
preferences of the Fund will be made in accordance with the economics of the Fund as
determined at the Funds discretion.
|
|
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|
|
The Fund will provide tax information on Schedule K-1 to each shareholder following
the close of the Funds taxable year. Each shareholder will be responsible for keeping
its own records for determining its tax basis in its shares and for the preparation and
filing of its own tax returns. Shareholders should expect to file for extensions for
the completion of their U.S. federal, state, local and other tax returns.
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions will be made as determined at the Funds discretion. Due to potential
timing differences between income recognition for tax purposes and actual cash
distributions, it is possible that a shareholder could recognize income from the Fund
in excess of actual cash distributions made prior to the date the income must be
distributed by a RIC shareholder or the liability for the tax on the income is
otherwise due. In general, distributions of money (including in satisfaction of
redemption requests) by the Fund to a shareholder will represent a nontaxable return of
capital to that shareholder up to the amount of the shareholders
|
- 20 -
|
|
|
adjusted tax basis in its Fund shares. A distribution in partial or complete redemption
of a shareholders shares in the Fund is taxable to that shareholder as a sale or
exchange only to the extent the amount of money received by the shareholder exceeds the
shareholders adjusted tax basis in its Fund shares. Any loss may be recognized by a
shareholder only if it redeems all of its Fund shares for money. Any gain recognized may
be treated by a shareholder as ordinary income to the extent of its share of the Funds
unrealized receivables (such as accrued market discount) and substantially appreciated
inventory, if any. A shareholder generally will not recognize gain or loss on an
in-kind distribution of property from the Fund. However, certain exceptions to this
general rule may apply. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
|
|
|
|
In general, in order to qualify as a RIC, a shareholder must, among other things,
derive 90% of its gross income from certain specified sources (good income). Because
shareholders will be required to take into account their distributive share of items of
Fund income for each taxable year as though such items had been realized directly by
the shareholder, special tax considerations apply to Fund shareholders that are RICs.
In particular, income generated from certain of the Funds investments and taken into
account by shareholders that are RICs may not qualify as good income for those RICs.
Any investment by the Fund in a wholly owned subsidiary company is expected to generate
good income for shareholders that are RICs. However, there is a risk that the Internal
Revenue Service could recharacterize this investment in such a manner that it could
generate bad income (i.e., non-qualifying income) for shareholders that are RICs.
The Fund believes that the risk of such a recharacterization is remote.
|
|
|
|
|
Furthermore, the Funds investment in certain securities and other assets, including
in a subsidiary, asset-backed securities, debt obligations issued or purchased at a
discount, assets marked to the market for U.S. federal income tax purposes, interests
in REITs, entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
foreign currencies, certain types of foreign securities, and, potentially, so-called
indexed securities (such as inflation-indexed bonds), may increase or accelerate the
recognition of income by Fund shareholders, including recognition of taxable income in
excess of the cash generated by those investments.
|
|
|
|
|
The Funds investments in foreign securities may subject the Fund and/or
shareholders, directly or indirectly, to taxation, including withholding taxes on
dividends, interest or capital gains, and/or tax-filing obligations in foreign
jurisdictions. Subject to certain limitations, shareholders may be entitled to claim a
credit or deduction (but not both) for its allocable share of certain foreign taxes
incurred by the Fund. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
|
|
|
|
The Funds investments in derivatives (such as options, futures, and credit default
and other types of swap contracts) and use of securities lending may affect the timing,
character, and/or amount of income recognized by its shareholders. See Taxes in the
SAI for more information, in particular on the special tax consequences to the Fund and
its shareholders of the Funds use of certain types of derivatives, including credit
default swaps.
|
|
|
|
|
An allocable share of a tax-exempt shareholders income will likely be UBTI to the
extent that the Fund borrows money (including through the use of reverse repurchase
agreements) to acquire investments or invests in assets that produce UBTI.
|
- 21 -
|
|
|
Any foreign subsidiary in which the Fund may invest may be subject to U.S.
withholding tax on certain categories of its U.S.-source income. All of any such
subsidiarys taxable income is expected to be includible in the Funds income at the
end of its tax year, whether or not distributed, and all of such income is expected to
be ordinary.
|
The above is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations.
You should consult your own tax advisers about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the
Fund in light of your particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local, or other
applicable taxes (including the federal alternative minimum tax). See Taxes in the SAI for more
information, including a summary of certain tax consequences of investing in the Fund for non-U.S.
shareholders.
- 22 -
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(For a share outstanding throughout each period)
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Funds financial
performance for the period of the Funds operations. Certain information reflects financial
results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an
investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all
dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an
independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds financial
statements, is included in the Funds Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference in the SAI
and available upon request.
GMO SPECIAL SITUATIONS FUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class III Shares
|
|
|
Class VI Shares
|
|
|
|
Period from
|
|
|
Period from
|
|
|
|
August 13, 2007
|
|
|
July 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
(commencement
|
|
|
(commencement of
|
|
|
|
of operations)
|
|
|
operations)
|
|
|
|
through
|
|
|
through
|
|
|
|
February 29,
|
|
|
February 29,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2008
|
|
Net asset value, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
20.09
|
|
|
$
|
20.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from investment operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income (loss)
|
|
|
0.31
|
|
|
|
0.34
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
|
|
|
0.92
|
|
|
|
0.99
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total from investment operations
|
|
|
1.23
|
|
|
|
1.33
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net asset value, end of period
|
|
$
|
21.32
|
|
|
$
|
21.33
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Return
(a)
|
|
|
6.12
|
%
**
|
|
|
6.65
|
%
**
|
Ratios/Supplemental Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets, end of period (000s)
|
|
$
|
88,204
|
|
|
$
|
593,131
|
|
Net expenses to average daily net assets
|
|
|
0.53
|
%
*
|
|
|
0.43
|
%
*
|
Net investment income to average daily net assets
|
|
|
2.71
|
%
*
|
|
|
2.84
|
%
*
|
Portfolio turnover rate
|
|
|
0
|
%
**
|
|
|
0
|
%
**
|
Fees and expenses reimbursed by the Manager to
average daily net assets
|
|
|
0.05
|
%
*
|
|
|
0.05
|
%
*
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
The total return would have been lower had certain expenses not been reimbursed
during the periods shown.
|
|
|
|
Calculated using average shares outstanding throughout the period.
|
|
|
|
Calculation represents portfolio turnover rate of the Fund for the period from July
31, 2007 (commencement of operations) thought February 29, 2008.
|
|
*
|
|
Annualized.
|
|
**
|
|
Not annualized.
|
- 23 -
GMO TRUST
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders contain additional information about
the Funds investments. The Funds annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions
and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its initial
fiscal year. The Funds annual and semiannual reports and the Funds SAI are available free of
charge by writing to Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by
calling collect at
1-617-346-7646. Because the Fund does not publicly offer its shares, its shareholder reports
and SAI are not available on GMOs website. The SAI contains more detailed information about the
Fund and is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum, which means that it
is legally considered to be part of this Private Placement Memorandum.
You can review and copy the Private Placement Memorandum, SAI, and reports at the SECs Public
Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference
Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the
Fund are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies
of this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at
the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the
SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written
communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief
Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM
June 27, 2008
GMO Taiwan Fund
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
GMO Taiwan Fund
(the Fund) is a separate investment portfolio of GMO Trust (the Trust).
The Trust is an open-end management investment company and operates as a series investment
company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, including the Fund. Other
portfolios are offered pursuant to separate prospectuses. At this time, the Fund does not intend
to offer its shares publicly or to make them available other than to other funds of the Trust (GMO
Funds) and certain other accredited investors.
Investment Manager
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
This Private Placement Memorandum concisely describes the information which you ought to know
about the Fund before investing. Please read this memorandum carefully and keep it for further
reference. A Statement of Additional Information dated June 27, 2008, as revised from time to
time, (SAI) is available free of charge by writing to GMO Shareholder Services, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling 1-617-346-7646. The SAI, which contains more detailed
information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum.
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS
AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD UNLESS SO
REGISTERED OR IN TRANSACTIONS EXEMPT THEREFROM. HOWEVER, THE SECURITIES ARE REDEEMABLE AS
DESCRIBED IN THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM. IN CERTAIN CASES INVESTORS MAY BE REDEEMED IN
KIND AND RECEIVE PORTFOLIO SECURITIES HELD BY THE FUND IN LIEU OF CASH UPON REDEMPTION.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION WITH
RESPECT TO THE SHARES EXCEPT SUCH INFORMATION AS IS CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM AND IN THE SAI OR
IN OTHER MATERIALS APPROVED BY THE TRUST. NO SALES MADE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES
CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN MATTERS DISCUSSED HEREIN SINCE THE DATE
HEREOF.
FUND SUMMARY
This summary is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments, employ strategies, and
be exposed to risks that are not described in this summary. More information about the Funds
investments and strategies is contained in the SAI. Except for policies identified in the SAI as
fundamental, the Funds Board of Trustees (Trustees) may change the Funds investment objective
or policies without shareholder approval. The Funds investment manager is Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO) (see Management of the Fund below for a description
of the Manager).
Investment objective
High total return. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by outperforming its
benchmark.
Principal investment strategies
The Fund typically makes equity investments in companies doing business in, or otherwise tied
economically to, Taiwan.
When used in this Private Placement Memorandum, the term invest
includes both direct investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both
direct investments and indirect investments. For instance, the Fund may invest indirectly or make
indirect investments by investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic
characteristics similar to the underlying asset.
When used in this Private Placement Memorandum,
the term equity investments refers to investments in common stocks and other stock-related
securities, such as preferred stocks, convertible securities, and depository receipts.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its assets in investments tied
economically to Taiwan (the Name Policy) (see Name Policy below for more information). An
investment is tied economically to Taiwan if it is an investment in (i) an issuer that is
organized under the laws of Taiwan or that maintains its principal place of business in Taiwan;
(ii) securities that are traded principally in Taiwan; or (iii) an issuer that derived at least 50%
of its revenues or profits from goods produced or sold, investments made, or services performed in
Taiwan, or has at least 50% of its assets in Taiwan. This exposure may be achieved directly or
indirectly, as described above.
The Manager uses proprietary quantitative models and fundamental analysis to evaluate and
select stocks. The Managers evaluation and selection decisions for stocks are based on several
factors, including earnings and price momentum, price to earnings ratios, price to book ratios, and
quality. The factors considered and the models used by the Manager may change over time.
From time to time, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in securities of
issuers in industries with high positive correlations to one another (e.g., different industries
within broad sectors, such as technology or financial services). (See Principal risks of
investing in the FundFocused Investment Risk.)
The Fund generally seeks to be fully invested, and normally does not take temporary defensive
positions through investment in cash and other cash-like investments. In pursuing its investment
objective, the Fund may (but is not obligated to) use a wide variety of exchange-traded and
over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, including options, futures, warrants, and swap contracts, to
(i) hedge equity exposure; (ii) replace direct investing (e.g., creating equity exposure through
the use of futures contracts or other types of derivatives); (iii) manage risk by implementing
shifts in investment exposure; and/or (iv) adjust its foreign currency exposure. The Funds
foreign currency exposure may differ from the currency exposure represented by its equity
investments.
-1-
Unless otherwise specified in this Private Placement Memorandum or in the SAI, the Manager is
not obligated to and generally will not consider tax consequences when seeking to achieve the
Funds investment objective (e.g., the Fund may engage in transactions that are not tax efficient
for shareholders subject to U.S. federal income tax). Portfolio turnover is not a principal
consideration when the Manager makes investment decisions for the Fund. Based on its assessment of
market conditions, the Manager may trade the Funds investments more frequently at some times than
at others. High turnover rates may adversely affect the Funds performance by generating
additional transaction costs and may result in additional taxable income for its shareholders.
Benchmark
The Funds benchmark is the MSCI Taiwan Index, an index of equity securities issued by
Taiwanese companies that is independently maintained and published by Morgan Stanley Capital
International.
Principal risks of investing in the Fund
The value of the Funds shares changes with the value of the Funds investments. Many factors
can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. Factors that may affect the
Funds portfolio as a whole are called principal risks and are summarized in this section. This
summary describes the nature of these principal risks and some related risks, but is not intended
to include every potential risk. The Fund could be subject to additional risks because the types
of investments it makes may change over time. The SAI includes more information about the Fund and
its investments. The Fund, by itself, is not intended to provide a complete investment program,
and an investment in the Fund should only be considered as part of a diversified portfolio that
includes other investments.
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MARKET RISK
EQUITY SECURITIES
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The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the risk of unfavorable changes in the value of
the equity securities owned by the Fund. A principal risk of the Fund is that the equity
securities in which the Fund invests will decline in value due to factors affecting the issuing
companies, their industries, or the economy and equity markets generally. Equity securities may
decline in value for reasons that directly relate to the issuing company, such as management
performance, financial leverage, and reduced demand for the issuers goods or services. They also
may decline in value due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor
shortages, increased production costs, or competitive conditions within an industry. In addition,
they may decline in value due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a
company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general
outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor
sentiment generally.
The Fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in equities and generally does not
attempt to time the market. As a result, declines in stock market prices in general over short or
extended periods can result in declines in the value of the Funds investments.
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FOREIGN INVESTMENT RISK
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Because the Fund invests in foreign (non-U.S.) securities, it is subject to additional and
more varied risks, because the market prices of those securities may fluctuate more rapidly and to
a greater degree than those of U.S. securities. The securities markets of many foreign countries,
including Taiwan, are relatively small, involving securities of a limited number of companies in a
small number of industries. Additionally, issuers of foreign securities, including Taiwanese
issuers, may not be subject to
-2-
the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Reporting, accounting, and auditing standards
of Taiwan and other foreign countries, differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards.
Foreign portfolio transactions generally involve higher commission rates, transfer taxes, and
custodial costs, and holders of foreign securities may be subject to foreign taxes on dividends and
interest payable on those securities. For example, the Fund is currently subject to a Taiwanese
security transaction tax of 0.3% of the transaction amount on equities and 0.1% of the transaction
amount on corporate bonds and mutual fund shares, which must be paid by the Fund upon the sale or
transfer of any portfolio securities subject to such tax. Also, nationalization, expropriation or
confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment, capital, or exchange control regulations
(which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a country), political
changes, or diplomatic developments could adversely affect the Fund. In the event of a
nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in
a foreign security.
In addition, because the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of
issuers doing business in, or otherwise tied economically to, Taiwan, a country with an emerging
market economy, the Fund is subject to greater foreign investment risk than funds investing
primarily in more developed foreign countries. Taiwanese and other emerging market securities may
present market, credit, currency, liquidity, legal, political, and other risks greater than, or in
addition to, risks of investing in more developed foreign countries. These risks include: greater
fluctuations in currency exchange rates; increased risk of default (including both government and
private issuers); greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including
the risk of war); greater governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision
and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets; controls on foreign
investment, capital controls, and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on the Funds
ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; unavailability of currency hedging
techniques; companies that are smaller and more recently organized, such as Taiwan; differences in,
or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards and resulting unavailability of material
information about issuers; slower clearance and settlement; difficulties in obtaining and/or
enforcing legal judgments; and significantly smaller market capitalizations of issuers.
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FOREIGN INVESTOR LICENSING RISK
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The Manager is registered with the Securities and Futures Commission of Taiwan as a Qualified
Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) in Taiwan and is therefore authorized to invest directly in
the Taiwanese securities market, subject to certain limitations including a maximum investment
amount. The Fund is listed as a sub-account under the Managers QFII license and is authorized to
invest directly in the Taiwanese securities market. The Funds ability to continue to invest
directly in Taiwan is subject to the risk that the Managers QFII license or the Funds sub-account
under the Managers QFII license may be terminated or suspended by the Securities and Futures
Commission. If the license were terminated or suspended, the Fund could be required to liquidate
or seek exposure to the Taiwanese market through the purchase of American Depositary Receipts
(ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), shares of other funds which are licensed to
invest directly, or derivative instruments. In addition, the maximum investment amount permitted
under the Managers QFII license applies to investments by the Manager, the Fund, and any other
entities listed as sub-accounts under the Managers license. Investments by the Manager and any
other sub-accounts may limit the amount which the Fund can invest.
Currency risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the U.S.
dollar value of the Funds investments. Currency risk includes both the risk that currencies in
which the Funds investments are traded and/or in which the Fund receives income, or currencies in
which the Fund has taken an active investment position, will decline in value relative to the U.S.
dollar. In the case of
-3-
hedging positions, currency risk includes the risk that the U.S. dollar will decline in value
relative to the foreign currency being hedged. Foreign currency exchange rates may fluctuate
significantly for many reasons, including changes in supply and demand in the foreign exchange
markets, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, intervention (or the failure to intervene)
by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks, or supranational agencies such as the International
Monetary Fund, and currency controls or other political developments in the U.S. or abroad.
The Fund may use derivatives to acquire a position in currencies whose value is expected to
correlate with the value of currencies the Fund owns, wants to own, or is exposed to through its
investments. This presents the risk that the exchange rates of the currencies involved may not
move in relation to one another as expected. In that case, the Fund could lose money on its
holding of a particular currency and also lose money on the derivative. The Fund also may take
active currency positions and hedge the currency exposure of the securities in which it has
invested. As a result, its currency exposure may differ significantly from the currency exposure
of those securities.
Because the Fund invests or trades in securities denominated in foreign currencies and may use
related derivatives and have foreign currency holdings, it may be adversely affected by changes in
the exchange rates of foreign currencies. Currency risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund
because it may, for investment purposes, regularly acquire derivatives on foreign currencies and
take active long and short currency positions through exchange-traded and OTC foreign currency
derivatives. Derivative transactions in foreign currencies (such as futures, forwards, options and
swaps) may involve leveraging risk, in addition to currency risk, as described below under
Leveraging Risk. In addition, consistent with industry practice, the obligations of
counterparties in currency derivatives may not be secured by collateral, which increases
counterparty risk (see Credit and Counterparty Risk below).
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FOCUSED INVESTMENT RISK
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Funds whose investments are focused in particular countries, regions, or in industries with
high positive correlations to one another (e.g., different industries within broad sectors, such as
technology or financial services) are subject to greater overall risk than funds whose investments
are more diversified. Therefore, those funds should only be considered as part of a diversified
portfolio that includes other investments.
Because the Fund principally invests in investments tied economically to a single country, the
Fund has more exposure to country and regional economic risks than funds making foreign investments
throughout the worlds economies. The political and economic prospects of one country or group of
countries within the same geographic region as Taiwan may affect other countries in the region,
including Taiwan. In addition, a recession, debt crisis, or decline in currency valuation in one
country within the same region as Taiwan can spread to other countries in that region, including
Taiwan. Furthermore, the Fund may be particularly vulnerable to events affecting companies located
in Taiwan or other countries within the same region as Taiwan because those companies may share
common characteristics, are often subject to similar business risks and regulatory burdens, and
often react similarly to specific economic, market, political, or other developments.
Similarly, because the Fund may focus its investments in companies in a particular industry,
it may be especially vulnerable to events affecting companies in that industry because those
companies may share common characteristics, are often subject to similar business risks and
regulatory burdens, and often react similarly to specific economic, market, political, or other
developments.
-4-
The Fund is exposed to liquidity risk when low trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large
position, or legal restrictions limit the Funds ability to sell particular securities or close out
derivative positions at an advantageous price. Derivatives (in particular OTC derivatives),
securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, foreign securities (in particular
emerging market securities), and securities with substantial market and/or credit risk tend to have
the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. These types of investments, including derivatives, are
more likely to be fair valued (see Determination of Net Asset Value). The Fund also may be
exposed to liquidity risk when it has an obligation to purchase particular securities (e.g., as a
result of closing out a short position). Liquidity risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund
because it invests a substantial portion of its assets in equity investments in companies tied
economically to Taiwan that are not widely traded and that may be subject to purchase and sale
restrictions, and may make investments in securities of companies with smaller market
capitalizations that trade less frequently and in lesser quantities than more widely held
securities. See Smaller Company Risk below and Foreign Investment Risk above for more
information on risks associated with securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations
and emerging market securities, respectively.
The Fund may invest in equity securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations.
Market risk and liquidity risk are particularly pronounced for securities of companies with smaller
market capitalizations. These companies may have limited product lines, markets, or financial
resources or they may depend on a few key employees. In addition, the securities of companies with
smaller market capitalizations are less widely held than the securities of companies with larger
market capitalizations. The securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations trade less
frequently and in lesser quantities than more widely held securities and their market prices may
fluctuate more than those of other securities. They also may trade in the OTC market or on a
regional exchange, or may otherwise have limited liquidity. Investments in less seasoned companies
with smaller market capitalizations may present greater opportunities for growth and capital
appreciation but also involve greater risks than customarily are associated with investments in
more established companies with larger market capitalizations.
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NON-DIVERSIFICATION RISK
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Investing in securities of many different issuers can reduce overall risk, while investing in
securities of a small number of issuers can increase it. The Fund is not a diversified
investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act, as amended (the
1940 Act). This means the Fund is allowed to invest in the securities of a relatively small
number of issuers and/or foreign currencies. As a result, they may be subject to greater credit,
market, and other risks than if it were diversified.
The Fund may invest in derivatives, which are financial contracts whose value depends on, or
is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices. Derivatives may
relate to securities, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, and related indices.
The Fund may use derivatives for many purposes, including hedging and as a substitute for direct
investment in securities or other assets. The Fund also may use derivatives as a way to adjust its
exposure to various securities, markets, and currencies without actually having to sell existing
investments and make new investments. This generally is done when the adjustment is expected to be
relatively temporary or in anticipation of
-5-
selling Fund assets and making new investments over time. The SAI contains a description of
the various derivatives the Fund may utilize.
The use of derivatives may involve risks different from, or potentially greater than, the
risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. In
particular, the use of derivatives exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty to an OTC
derivative contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise to
honor its obligations. OTC derivative contracts typically can be closed out only with the other
party to the contract. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but
there can be no assurance that the counterparty will meet its contractual obligations or that the
Fund will be able to enforce its contractual rights. For example, because the contract for each
OTC derivative is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the Fund is subject to the
risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default)
differently than the Fund. If that occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings
required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its
claims against the counterparty. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to
obtain payments the Manager believes are owed to it under OTC derivative contracts or that those
payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. In
addition, the Fund may invest in derivatives as to which the counterpartys obligations are not
secured by collateral (e.g., foreign currency forwards; see Currency Risk above), that require
collateral but in which the Funds security interest is not perfected, or in which the derivative
is not regularly marked-to-market (e.g., certain OTC derivatives). When the counterparties
obligations are not secured by collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the risk of having limited
recourse if a counterparty defaults. Due to the nature of the Funds investments, the Fund may
invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties and events that affect the
creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the Fund.
Derivatives also are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, and credit and counterparty risk. Since the
value of derivatives is calculated and derived from the value of other assets, instruments or
references, the derivatives may be improperly valued. Derivatives also involve the risk that
changes in their value may not correlate perfectly with the assets, rates, or indices they are
designed to hedge or closely track. The use of derivatives also may increase the taxes payable by
shareholders.
Suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances. For example, if a
counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will not be
permitted to trade with that counterparty. In addition, the Manager may decide not to use
derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce risk exposure. There can be no assurance that the Funds
use of derivatives will be effective or will have the desired results.
The Funds use of derivatives may cause its portfolio to be leveraged. Leverage increases the
Funds portfolio losses when the value of its investments declines. The Funds portfolio may be
leveraged temporarily if it borrows money to meet redemption requests and/or to settle investment
transactions.
The net long exposure of the Fund (including direct investment in securities and long
derivative positions in securities and/or baskets or indices of equity securities (such as swap
contracts and futures contracts)) typically does not exceed 100% of the Funds net assets.
However, occasionally a large redemption or payment of fees may result in a temporary net long
exposure of over 100% of the Funds net assets. The Fund may manage some of its derivatives
positions by maintaining cash or liquid securities with a value equal to the face value of those
positions. The Fund also may manage market
-6-
exposure by offsetting derivatives positions against one another or against other assets. To
the extent offsetting positions do not behave in relation to one another as expected, the Fund may
perform as if it were leveraged.
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CREDIT AND COUNTERPARTY RISK
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This is the risk that the counterparty to an OTC derivative contract or a borrower of the
Funds securities will be unable or unwilling to make timely interest or settlement payments or
otherwise to honor its obligations. The Fund is exposed to this risk because it uses OTC
derivatives (such as forward foreign currency contracts and/or swap contracts, as described in
Derivatives Risk above) in implementing its investment program. It also is exposed to this risk
to the extent it lends its portfolio securities or uses repurchase agreements. There can be no
assurance that a counterparty will meet its obligations, especially during unusually adverse market
conditions. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but the Fund may
be unable to enforce its contractual rights. Counterparty risk also may be more pronounced if a
counterpartys obligations are not secured by collateral, the Funds interest in the collateral is
not perfected, or the instrument is not regularly marked-to-market.
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MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISK
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The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical events may disrupt securities markets and
adversely affect global economies and markets generally. The war in Iraq has had a substantial
effect on economies and securities markets in the U.S. and worldwide. Terrorism in the U.S. and
around the world has had a similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk. The
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets for
four days, and similar future events are possible. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events
have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have
adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Those events as well
as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions also could adversely
affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit
ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Funds
investments. At such times, the Funds exposure to the risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, and credit and counterparty risk, can increase.
The value of the Funds investments may be adversely affected by acts of terrorism and other
changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions. In addition, market disruptions
might prevent the Fund from implementing its investment program for a period of time. For example,
a disruption may cause the Funds derivative counterparties to discontinue offering derivatives on
certain underlying securities, reference rates, or indices or to offer such products on a more
limited basis.
To the extent that shares of the Fund are held by large shareholders (e.g., institutional
investors or other GMO Funds), the Fund is subject to the risk that these shareholders will
reallocate or rebalance their investments. In fact, a substantial percentage of the Fund may be
held by separate accounts managed by the Manager for its clients and/or GMO Funds. Asset
allocation decisions by the Manger may result in substantial redemptions from (or investments into)
the Fund. These transactions will affect the Fund, since the Fund may have to sell portfolio
securities in order to satisfy redemption requests or purchase portfolio securities in order to
invest cash. This risk will be particularly pronounced if one shareholder owns a substantial
portion of the Fund. These transactions may adversely affect the Funds performance to the extent
that the Fund is required to sell investments or invest cash at times when it would not otherwise
do so. These transactions also may accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders
-7-
if such sales of investments result in gains, and also may increase transaction costs. These
transactions potentially limit the use of any capital loss carry forwards to offset future net
realized gains and may limit or prevent the Funds ability to use tax equalization.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Managers ability to achieve
its investment objective. The Manager uses proprietary investment techniques and risk analyses in
making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no assurance that the Manager will
achieve the desired results. The Manager, for example, may fail to use derivatives effectively,
choosing to hedge or not to hedge positions at disadvantageous times. The Fund generally does not
attempt to time the market and instead generally stays fully invested in foreign equity securities.
The Fund may buy securities not included in its benchmark, hold securities in very different
proportions than its benchmark, and/or engage in other strategies that may cause the Funds
performance to differ from that of its benchmark. In those cases, the Funds performance will
depend on the ability of the Manager to choose securities that perform better than securities that
are included in the benchmark and/or to utilize those other strategies in a way that adds value
relative to the benchmark.
Fees and expenses
The tables below show the expected cost of investing in the Fund.
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Shareholder fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
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Purchase premium (as a percentage of amount invested)
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0.15
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%
1
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Redemption fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed)
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0.45
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%
1
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Annual Fund operating expenses
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(expenses that are paid from Fund assets as a percentage of average daily net assets):
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Management fee
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0.81
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%
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Shareholder service fee
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0.15
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%
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Other expenses
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0.33
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%
2
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Total annual operating expenses
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1.29
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%
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1
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See Purchase Premium and Redemption Fee for a more detailed discussion of the Funds
purchase premium and redemption fee, including the circumstances under which the Manager may waive
all or a portion of the purchase premium or redemption fee.
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2
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Other expenses have been restated to reflect
current fees and do not include expenses associated with investments
in the securities of unaffiliated issuers unless such issuers hold
themselves out to be investment companies.
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
GMO,
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 provides investment
management and shareholder services to the
Fund and other GMO Funds. GMO is a private company, founded in 1977. As of April 30, 2008, GMO
managed on a worldwide basis more than $138 billion for the GMO Funds and institutional investors,
such as pension plans, endowments, and foundations.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, the Manager establishes and modifies when necessary
the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management
and shareholder services to the Fund, the
Manager administers the Funds business affairs.
-8-
The Fund pays the Manager a shareholder service fee for providing client service and
reporting, such as performance information reporting, client account information, personal and
electronic access to Fund information, access to analysis and explanations of Fund reports, and
assistance in maintaining and correcting client-related information.
For the fiscal year ended February 29, 2009, the Manager received as compensation for
investment management services rendered in such year 0.81% of the Funds average daily net assets.
The Funds ability to invest directly in the Taiwanese securities market is a result of its
being registered as a sub-account under the Managers Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor
license. If the license were terminated or suspended, the Fund could be required to liquidate or
seek exposure to the Taiwanese market through the purchase of ADRs and GDRs, shares of other funds
which are licensed to invest directly, or derivative instruments.
A
discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the
Funds investment management
contract is included in the Funds shareholder report for the period during which the Trustees
approved that contract.
GMOs
Emerging Markets Division is responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund. The
Divisions investment professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no one
person is primarily responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
Arjun Divecha is the senior member and director of the Emerging Markets Division. He has been
a senior member of the Division since 1993. As senior member and director of the Division, Mr.
Divecha allocates responsibility for portions of the Funds portfolio to members of the Division,
oversees the implementation of trades, reviews the overall composition of the portfolio, including
compliance with its stated investment objective and strategies, and monitors cash.
Mr. Divecha has been responsible for overseeing the portfolio management of GMOs emerging
markets equity portfolios since 1993. Prior to 2001, Mr. Divecha provided these services through
Dancing Elephant, Ltd., which had been engaged by GMO to provide consulting services to GMO with
respect to those portfolios.
The SAI contains other information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior
member, other accounts he manages and related conflicts, and his ownership of the Fund.
Custodian and Fund Accounting Agent
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 40 Water Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, serves as the
Funds custodian and fund accounting agent.
Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves
as the Funds transfer agent.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close
of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
The Funds NAV per share for a class of shares is determined by dividing the total value of the
Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class
by the total number
-9-
of Fund shares outstanding for that class. The Fund will not determine its NAV on any day
when the NYSE or the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE) is closed for trading. As a result, from time
to time, the Fund may not determine its NAV for several consecutive weekdays (e.g., during the
Chinese Lunar New Year), during which time investors will have no ability to redeem their shares in
the Fund. The Fund also may elect not to determine its NAV on days during which no share is
tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share is received by the Fund.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
Exchange-listed securities
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Last sale price or
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Official closing price or
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Most recent bid price (if no reported sale or official closing price) or
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Broker bid (if the private market is more relevant in determining market value
than the exchange), based on where the securities are principally traded and their
intended disposition
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(Also, see discussion in Fair Value Pricing below regarding foreign equity securities.)
Unlisted securities
(if market quotations are readily available)
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Most recent quoted bid price
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Certain debt obligations
(if less than sixty days remain until maturity)
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Amortized cost (unless circumstances dictate otherwise; for example, if the
issuers creditworthiness has become impaired)
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All other fixed income securities and options on those securities (except for options written by
the Fund)
(includes bonds, loans, structured notes)
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Most recent bid supplied by a primary pricing source chosen by the Manager
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Options written by the Fund
Shares of other open-end registered investment companies
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NAV at the time of valuation of shares of the Fund
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Fair Value Pricing
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where market prices
are not readily available or circumstances render an existing methodology or procedure unreliable,
the Funds investments will be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees
or pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
-10-
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
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A significant percentage of the Funds assets may be fair valued. The
value of assets that are fair valued is determined by the Trustees or persons
acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
Some of the factors that may be considered in determining fair value are the
value of other financial instruments traded on other markets, trading volumes,
changes in interest rates, observations from financial institutions,
significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of
U.S. securities of securities indices) that occur after the close of the
relevant market and before the time that the Funds net asset value is
calculated, and other news events. Although the goal of fair valuation is to
determine the amount the owner of the securities might reasonably expect to
receive upon their current sale, because of the subjective and variable nature
of fair value pricing, the fair value determined for a particular security may
be materially different than the value realized upon its sale.
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Ø
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Many foreign securities markets and exchanges close prior to the close of
the NYSE, and, therefore, the closing prices for foreign securities that trade
in those markets or on those exchanges do not reflect the events that occur
after that close but before the close of the NYSE. As a result, the Trust has
adopted fair value pricing procedures that, among other things, generally
require that the Funds foreign equity securities be valued by third-party
vendors using fair value prices based on modeling tools.
|
The values of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars
generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time at then current exchange rates or at such other rates as the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction may determine appropriate in computing net asset
value.
The Manager evaluates primary pricing sources from time to time, and may change any pricing
source at any time. However, the Manager does not normally evaluate the prices supplied by the
pricing sources on a day-to-day basis. The Manager is kept informed of erratic or unusual
movements (including unusual inactivity) in the prices supplied for a security and may in its
discretion override a price supplied by a source (by taking a price supplied by another) when the
Manager believes that the price supplied is not reliable. Some securities may be valued on the
basis of a price provided by a principal market maker. Prices provided by principal market makers
may vary from the value that would be realized if the securities were sold. In addition, because
the Fund holds portfolio securities listed on foreign exchanges that trade on days on which the
NYSE is closed, the net asset value of the Funds shares may change significantly on days when
shares cannot be redeemed.
NAME POLICY
The Fund will not change its Name Policy without providing its shareholders at least 60 days
prior written notice. When used in connection with the Funds Name Policy, assets include the
Funds net assets plus any borrowings made for investment purposes.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings. That
policy is described in the SAI. Information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each
months end is made available to shareholders of the Trust, qualified potential shareholders as
determined by GMO (potential shareholders), and their consultants or agents through a secured
link on GMOs website, approximately five days after month end.
-11-
To access this information on GMOs website (http://www.gmo.com/america/strategies),
shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents must contact GMO to obtain a
password and user name (to the extent they do not already have them) and enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that permits the information to be used only for
purposes determined by GMO to be in the best interest of the
shareholders of the Fund. GMO may make portfolio holdings information
available in alternate formats under the conditions described in the
SAI.
The
Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings, and the Fund may modify the
disclosure policy without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings will
remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual
report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the
date of those holdings.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Currently, shares of the Fund are principally available for purchase by other GMO funds and
certain other accredited investors. All investors must be accredited investors as defined in
Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933.
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares from the Trust when both the
NYSE and TSE are open for trading (business day). For instructions on purchasing shares, call
the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust will not accept a purchase
request unless a completed GMO Trust Application, and IRS Form W-9 (for U.S. shareholders) or the
appropriate IRS Form W-8 (for foreign shareholders) with a correct taxpayer identification number
(if required), is on file with GMO.
Purchase Policies.
You must submit a purchase request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a purchase request is in good order if it includes:
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The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being purchased;
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The U.S. dollar amount of the shares to be purchased;
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The date on which the purchase is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the close
of regular trading on that date);
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The name and/or the account number (if any) set forth with sufficient clarity to
avoid ambiguity;
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The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application;
and
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Payment in full (by check, wire, or, when approved,
securities) received by an agent of the
Trust by 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or the close of the NYSE, whichever is earlier.
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4
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If payment is not received prior to the close of regular trading on the intended
purchase date, the request may be rejected unless prior arrangements have been approved
by GMO for later payment.
|
If the purchase request is received in good order by the Trust on a business day prior to the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the purchase price for the
Fund shares to be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day (plus any
applicable purchase premium). If the good order purchase request is received on a business day
after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the purchase price for the Fund shares to be
purchased is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day that the NYSE is
open (plus any applicable purchase premium). See Purchase Premium and Redemption Fee for a
discussion of the purchase premium
-12-
charged by the Fund, including circumstances under which all or a portion of the purchase
premium may be waived.
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal
law requires the Trust to verify identifying information provided by you in your GMO Trust
Application. Additional identifying documentation also may be required. If the Trust is unable to
verify the information shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed and your
shares redeemed at their net asset value at the time of the redemption.
The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase order. In addition, without notice, the
Fund in its sole discretion may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares to new
investors and, in some circumstances, existing shareholders.
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment required for this Fund.
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (the Cut-off Time) and receive the current days price if
the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a purchase request prior to the
Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the purchases by the Top Funds of shares of the Fund are
executed pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form
. Completed purchase order forms can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust
at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to
confirm good order
receipt and acceptance
of your purchase order form. Do not send cash, checks, or securities
directly to the Trust. Purchase requests submitted by mail are received by the Trust when
actually delivered to the Trust. Purchase requests delivered by facsimile are received by the
Trust when such facsimile is actually received by the Trust or its agent.
Funding Your Investment
. You may purchase shares:
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with cash (via wire transfer or check)
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4
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By wire
. Instruct your bank to wire the amount of your investment to:
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts
ABA#: 011-001-438
Attn: Transfer Agent
Credit: GMO Deposit Account 55555-4444
Further credit: GMO Taiwan Fund/Account name and number
-13-
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4
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By check
. All checks must be made payable to the Fund or to GMO Trust.
The Trust will not accept checks payable to a third party that have been endorsed
by the payee to the Trust. Mail checks to:
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By U.S. Postal Service:
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By Overnight Courier:
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State Street Bank and Trust Company
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State Street Bank and Trust Company
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Transfer Agency/GMO
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Attn: Transfer Agency/GMO
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P.O. Box 642
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200 Clarendon Street
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Mail Code JHT2920
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29th Floor Mail Code JHT2920
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Boston, MA 02117-0642
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Boston, MA 02116
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in exchange for securities acceptable to the Manager
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4
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securities must be approved by the Manager prior to transfer to the Fund
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4
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securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
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by a combination of cash and securities
|
Frequent Trading Activity.
As a matter of policy, the Trust will not honor requests for
purchases or exchanges by shareholders identified as engaging in frequent trading strategies,
including market timing, that could be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders. Frequent trading
strategies are generally strategies that involve repeated exchanges and/or purchases and
redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time. Frequent trading
strategies may be disruptive to the efficient management of the Fund, materially increase portfolio
transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term investors, or otherwise
be harmful to the Fund and its shareholders.
The Trustees have adopted procedures designed to detect and prevent frequent trading activity
that is harmful to the Fund and its shareholders (the Procedures). The Procedures include the
fair valuation of foreign securities, periodic surveillance of trading in shareholder accounts,
inquiry as to the nature of trading activity, and if GMO determined that frequent trading is
occurring in an account that has the potential to be harmful to the Fund or its shareholders,
prevention measures, including suspension of a shareholders exchange and purchase privileges.
There is no assurance that the Procedures will be effective in all instances. The Fund will not
automatically redeem shares that are the subject of a rejected exchange request.
In addition to the policies and procedures with respect to frequent trading, the Trustees have
adopted pricing policies that generally provide for the fair valuation of foreign equity securities
on a daily basis, as described in Determination of Net Asset Value. The fair value pricing of
foreign equity securities reduces the profit potential of frequent trading strategies.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares when both the NYSE and the TSE
are open for business. Redemption requests should be submitted to the Trust. For instructions on
redeeming shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust may
take up to seven days to remit proceeds.
Redemption Policies.
You must submit a redemption request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a redemption request is in good order if it includes:
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The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being redeemed;
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-14-
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The number of shares or the dollar amount of the shares to be redeemed;
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The date on which the redemption is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the
close of regular trading on that date);
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The name and/or the account number set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid
ambiguity;
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The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list; and
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Wire instructions or registration address that match the wire instructions or
registration address (as applicable) on file at GMO or confirmation from an authorized
signatory that the wire instructions are valid.
|
If the redemption request is received in good order by the Trust on a business day prior to
the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the redemption price
for the Fund shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on that day (less
any applicable redemption fee). If the good order redemption request is received on a business day
after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the redemption price for the Fund shares to be
redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day (less any applicable
redemption fee) unless an authorized person on the account has instructed GMO Shareholder Services
in writing to defer the redemption to another day. In the event of a disaster affecting Boston,
Massachusetts, please contact GMO to confirm good order receipt of your redemption request. If you
have instructed GMO Shareholder Services to defer the redemption to another day an authorized
person on the account may revoke your redemption request in writing at any time prior to 4:00 p.m.
Eastern time on the redemption date. See Purchase Premium and Redemption Fee for a discussion of
the redemption fee charged by the Fund, including circumstances under which all or a portion of the
fee may be waived.
Failure to provide the Trust with a properly authorized redemption request or otherwise
satisfy the Trust as to the validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address
will result in a delay in processing a redemption request, delay in remittance of redemption
proceeds, or a rejection of the redemption request.
If the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that a redemption payment wholly or partly
in cash would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay
the redemption proceeds in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund instead of cash.
If a redemption is paid in cash:
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payment generally will be made by means of federal funds transfer to the bank
account designated in a recordable format by an authorized signatory in the GMO Trust
Application to purchase the Fund shares being redeemed
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4
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designation of one or more additional bank accounts or any change in
the bank accounts originally designated in the GMO Trust Application must be made
in a recordable format by an authorized signatory according to the procedures in
the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form
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upon request, payment will be made by check mailed to the registration address
(unless another address is specified according to the procedures in the GMO Trust
Redemption Order Form).
|
If a redemption is paid with securities, it is important for you to note:
-15-
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securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as set forth under
Determination of Net Asset Value
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securities distributed by the Fund will be selected by the Manager in light of the
Funds objective and may not represent a pro rata distribution of each security held in
the Funds portfolio
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you may incur brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result
of an in-kind redemption
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in-kind redemptions generally are treated by shareholders for tax purposes the same
as redemptions paid in cash
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in-kind redemptions will be transferred and delivered by the Trust as directed in
writing by an authorized person on the account.
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The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven
days:
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if the NYSE is closed on days other than weekends or holidays
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during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted
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during an emergency which makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its
securities or to fairly determine the net asset value of the Fund
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during any other period permitted by the SEC for your protection.
|
Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has
the right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder unilaterally at any time if at that time: (i)
the shares of the Fund or a class held by the shareholder have an aggregate net asset value of less
than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) the shares of the Fund or a
class held by the shareholder exceed a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or a class
determined from time to time by the Trustees. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole
discretion to redeem shares held by certain shareholders to prevent the shareholder from becoming
an affiliated person of a Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days
price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption request prior to
the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Redemption Request
.
Redemption requests can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
to the Trust at the address/facsimile number set forth under How to Purchase Shares
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Redemption requests submitted by mail are received by the
Trust when actually delivered to the Trust. Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com to
confirm good order receipt and acceptance
of redemption requests.
PURCHASE PREMIUM AND REDEMPTION FEE
The Fund charges a purchase premium and redemption fee to shareholders purchasing or redeeming
shares. Please refer to the Shareholder Fees table under the caption Fees and expenses for
details regarding the purchase premium and redemption fee charged by the Fund. The Funds purchase
premium and/or redemption fee may change from time to time, as authorized by the Trustees. The
purchase premium and redemption fee are paid to and retained by the Fund to help offset portfolio
transaction costs and other related costs (e.g., stamp duties and transfer fees) caused by
shareholder
-16-
activity by allocating those costs (or, in the case of cash transactions, an estimate of those
costs) to the shareholder causing the activity. Redemption fees apply to all shares of the Fund
regardless of how the shares were acquired (e.g., by direct purchase or by reinvestment of
dividends or other distributions).
Waiver of Purchase Premium/Redemption Fee.
If the Manager determines that any portion of a
cash purchase or redemption is offset by a corresponding cash redemption or purchase occurring on
the same day, it will waive or reduce the purchase premium or redemption fee with respect to that
portion. The Manager may consider known cash flows out of or into the Fund when placing orders for
the cash purchase or redemption of Fund shares by asset allocation fund shareholders (Asset
Allocation Funds) or other prospective or existing shareholders of the Fund for whom GMO provides
asset allocation advice. Consequently, Asset Allocation Funds and those other shareholders for
whom GMO provides asset allocation advice may benefit from waivers of the Funds purchase premium
and redemption fee to a greater extent than other prospective and existing shareholders of the
Fund. The Manager may also waive or reduce the purchase premium or redemption fee relating to a
cash purchase or redemption transaction, as applicable, in extraordinary circumstances if the Fund
will not incur transaction costs. The Manager will waive or reduce the purchase premium relating
to the in-kind portion of a purchase transaction except to the extent of any costs (e.g., stamp
duties or transfer fees) incurred by the Fund in connection with the transfer of the purchasing
shareholders securities to the Fund.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Funds policy is to declare and pay distributions of its net income, if any,
semi-annually. The Fund also intends to distribute net gains, whether from the sale of securities
held by the Fund for not more than one year (i.e., net short-term capital gains) or from the sale
of securities held by the Fund for more than one year (i.e., net long-term capital gains), if any,
at least annually. In addition, the Fund may, from time to time and at its discretion, make
unscheduled distributions in advance of large redemptions by shareholders or as otherwise deemed
appropriate by the Fund. Shareholders should read the description below for information regarding
the tax character of distributions from the Fund to shareholders.
All dividends and/or distributions are reinvested in additional shares of the Fund, at net
asset value, unless a shareholder elects to receive cash. Shareholders may elect to receive cash
by marking the appropriate boxes on the GMO Trust Application or by writing to the Trust. No
purchase premium is charged on reinvested dividends or distributions.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to
shareholders investing in the Fund. It is important for you to note:
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The Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax
purposes and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under
Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
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For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income generally
are taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined
by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than by how long
a shareholder has owned shares in the Fund. Distributions of net capital gains from
the sale of investments that the Fund owned for more than one year and that are
properly designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends are taxable to shareholders
as long-term capital gains. Distributions of gains from the sale of investments that
the Fund owned for one year or less are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
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-17-
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If the Fund realizes capital losses in excess of capital gains for any taxable year,
these excess losses will carry over and offset capital gains realized in succeeding
taxable years until either (a) the end of the eighth succeeding taxable year or (b)
such losses have been fully utilized to offset capital gains, whichever comes first.
The Funds ability to utilize these losses in succeeding taxable years may be limited
by reason of direct or indirect changes in the actual or constructive ownership of the
Fund.
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For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, distributions of investment
income properly designated by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will
be taxable to shareholders taxed as individuals at the rates applicable to long-term
capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the
shareholder and Fund levels. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of its
distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income. Long-term capital gain
rates applicable to most individuals have been reduced to 15% (with lower rates
applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets) for taxable years beginning
before January 1, 2011.
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Distributions by the Fund to retirement plans that qualify for tax-exempt treatment
under the U.S. federal income tax laws will generally not be taxable. Special tax
rules apply to investments through such plans. Shareholders should consult their tax
advisors to determine the suitability of the Fund as an investment through such a plan
and the tax treatment of distributions (including distributions of amounts attributable
to an investment in the Fund) from such a plan.
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Distributions by the Fund are taxable to a shareholder even if they are paid from
income or gains earned by the Fund before that shareholder invested in the Fund (and
accordingly the income or gains were included in the price the shareholder paid for the
Funds shares). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or
reinvest them in additional shares. Any gain resulting from a shareholders sale,
exchange, or redemption of Fund shares generally will be taxable to the shareholder as
short-term or long-term capital gain, depending on how long the Fund shares were held
by the shareholder.
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The Funds investments in Taiwanese and other foreign securities may be subject to
foreign withholding taxes on dividends, interest or capital gains. Those taxes will
reduce the Funds yield on these securities. In certain instances, shareholders may be
entitled to claim a credit or deduction (but not both) for foreign taxes paid by the
Fund. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
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The Funds investments in certain types of securities and other assets, including
certain types of foreign securities, foreign currencies, debt obligations issued or
purchased at a discount, assets marked to the market for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, and entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes may
increase or accelerate the Funds recognition of income, including the recognition of
taxable income in excess of the cash generated by those investments. These
investments, therefore, may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of the Funds
distributions and may cause the Fund to liquidate other investments at a time when it
is not advantageous to do so to satisfy the distribution requirements that apply to
entities taxed as regulated investment companies.
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The Funds use of derivatives (such as options, futures, and swap contracts) and
securities lending may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of income recognized
by its shareholders. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
-18-
The above is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations.
You should consult your own tax advisors about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the
Fund in light of your particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local, or other
applicable taxes (including the federal alternative minimum tax). See Taxes in the SAI for more
information, including a summary of certain tax consequences of investing in the Fund for non-U.S.
shareholders.
-19-
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(For a share outstanding throughout each period)
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Funds financial
performance for the period of the Funds operations. Certain information reflects financial
results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an
investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all
dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an
independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds financial
statements, is included in the Funds Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference in the SAI
and available upon request.
GMO TAIWAN FUND
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Year Ended February 28/29,
|
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2008
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2007
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2006
|
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2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
Net asset value, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
30.98
|
|
|
$
|
28.34
|
|
|
$
|
26.79
|
|
|
$
|
29.67
|
|
|
$
|
20.28
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Income (loss) from investment operations:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income (loss)
|
|
|
0.61
|
|
|
|
0.46
|
|
|
|
0.52
|
|
|
|
0.13
|
|
|
|
(0.10
|
)
|
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
|
|
|
1.50
|
|
|
|
4.32
|
|
|
|
1.91
|
|
|
|
(1.45
|
)
|
|
|
10.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Total from investment operations
|
|
|
2.11
|
|
|
|
4.78
|
|
|
|
2.43
|
|
|
|
(1.32
|
)
|
|
|
9.93
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less distributions to shareholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From net investment income
|
|
|
(0.85
|
)
|
|
|
(0.39
|
)
|
|
|
(0.59
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
From net realized gains
|
|
|
(9.82
|
)
|
|
|
(1.75
|
)
|
|
|
(0.29
|
)
|
|
|
(1.56
|
)
|
|
|
(0.52
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Total distributions
|
|
|
(10.67
|
)
|
|
|
(2.14
|
)
|
|
|
(0.88
|
)
|
|
|
(1.56
|
)
|
|
|
(0.54
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net asset value, end of period
|
|
$
|
22.42
|
|
|
$
|
30.98
|
|
|
$
|
28.34
|
|
|
$
|
26.79
|
|
|
$
|
29.67
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Return
(a)
|
|
|
6.97
|
%
(b)
|
|
|
17.12
|
%
|
|
|
9.13
|
%
|
|
|
(3.82
|
)%
|
|
|
49.53
|
%
|
Ratios/Supplemental Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets, end of period (000s)
|
|
$
|
220,359
|
|
|
$
|
316,887
|
|
|
$
|
291,250
|
|
|
$
|
224,466
|
|
|
$
|
181,313
|
|
Net expenses to average daily net assets
|
|
|
1.29
|
%
(c)
|
|
|
1.26
|
%
|
|
|
1.28
|
%
|
|
|
1.34
|
%
|
|
|
1.36
|
%
|
Net investment income to average daily net assets
|
|
|
1.98
|
%
|
|
|
1.56
|
%
|
|
|
1.95
|
%
|
|
|
0.53
|
%
|
|
|
(0.40
|
)%
|
Portfolio turnover rate
|
|
|
94
|
%
|
|
|
41
|
%
|
|
|
31
|
%
|
|
|
88
|
%
|
|
|
86
|
%
|
Purchase premiums and redemption fees consisted
of the
following per share amounts
:
|
|
$
|
0.06
|
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
Calculation excludes purchase premiums and redemption fees which are borne by the
shareholders and assumes the effect of reinvested distributions.
|
|
(b)
|
|
The Manager compensated the Fund $56,687 in connection with a
purchase of securities in excess of amounts permitted under the
Funds investment restrictions. This had no effect on total return.
|
|
(c)
|
|
The net expense ratio does not include the effect of expense reductions.
|
|
|
|
Calculated using average shares outstanding throughout the period.
|
-20-
GMO TRUST
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders contain additional information about
the Funds investments. The Funds annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions
and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal
year. The Funds annual and semiannual reports and the Funds SAI are available free of charge by
writing to Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling
collect at 1-617-346-7646. Because the Fund does not publicly offer its shares, its shareholder
reports and SAI are not available on GMOs website. The SAI contains more detailed information
about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum, which means
that it is legally considered to be part of this Private Placement Memorandum.
You can review and copy the Private Placement Memorandum, SAI, and reports at the SECs Public
Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room
may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund
are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of
this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the
following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the
SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written
communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief
Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM
June 27, 2008
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund
(the Fund) is a separate investment portfolio of GMO
Trust (the Trust). The Trust is an open-end management investment company and operates as a
series investment company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, including
the Fund. Other portfolios are offered pursuant to separate prospectuses. At this time, the Fund
does not intend to offer its shares publicly or to make them available other than to other funds of
the Trust (GMO Funds) and certain other accredited investors.
Investment Manager
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
This Private Placement Memorandum concisely describes the information which you ought to know
about the Fund before investing. Please read this memorandum carefully and keep it for further
reference. A Statement of Additional Information dated June 27, 2008, as revised from time to time
(SAI), is available free of charge by writing to GMO Shareholder Services, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling 1-617-346-7646. The SAI, which contains more detailed
information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum.
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS
AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD UNLESS SO
REGISTERED OR IN TRANSACTIONS EXEMPT THEREFROM. HOWEVER, THE SECURITIES ARE REDEEMABLE AS
DESCRIBED IN THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM. IN CERTAIN CASES INVESTORS MAY BE REDEEMED IN
KIND AND RECEIVE PORTFOLIO SECURITIES HELD BY THE FUND IN LIEU OF CASH UPON REDEMPTION.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION WITH
RESPECT TO THE SHARES EXCEPT SUCH INFORMATION AS IS CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM AND IN THE SAI OR
IN OTHER MATERIALS APPROVED BY THE TRUST. NO SALES MADE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES
CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN MATTERS DISCUSSED HEREIN SINCE THE DATE
HEREOF.
FUND SUMMARY
This summary is not all-inclusive, and the Fund may make investments, employ strategies, and
be exposed to risks that are not described in this summary. More information about the Funds
investments and strategies is contained in the SAI. Except for policies identified in the SAI as
fundamental, the Funds Board of Trustees (Trustees) may change the Funds investment objective
or policies without shareholder approval. The Funds investment manager is Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO) (see Management of the Fund below for a description
of the Manager).
Investment objective
Total return greater than that of its benchmark.
Principal investment strategies
The Funds investment program has two principal components. One component of the Funds
investment program involves the use of derivatives, primarily interest rate swap contracts and/or
futures contracts, to seek to exploit misvaluations in world interest rates and to add value
relative to the Funds benchmark. The other component of the Funds investment program involves
making direct investments primarily in high quality U.S. and foreign adjustable rate fixed income
securities with low volatility (although market changes may indirectly result in volatility). The
Fund may also, from time to time, make tactical allocations to seek to add value to the Fund.
To add value relative to the Funds benchmark, the Manager employs proprietary quantitative
models to seek to identify and estimate the relative misvaluation of interest rates within and
across world interest rate markets. Based on such estimates, the Fund establishes its derivative
positions, for example, purchasing interest rate exposure at specific maturities on the yield curve
in countries it perceives as undervalued and selling interest rate exposure at the same maturities
in countries it perceives as overvalued. In addition, the Fund may purchase interest rate exposure
on yield curve maturities that it perceives as inexpensive and sell interest rate exposure on the
same yield curve maturities that it perceives as expensive.
Derivative positions taken by the Fund are implemented primarily through interest rate swap
and/or futures contracts, but the Fund may use other exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC)
derivatives, including other types of swap contracts, options on swaps (or swaptions), futures
contracts , options on futures, other types of options, and forward currency contracts. As a
result of its derivatives positions, the Fund typically will have a net notional value in excess of
its net assets and will have a higher tracking error, along with concomitant volatility, relative
to its benchmark.
The Funds direct investments in high-quality U.S. and foreign adjustable-rate fixed income
securities are made to earn a return consistent with its benchmark. The fixed income securities in
which the Fund invests include securities issued by a wide range of private issuers and, to a
lesser extent, securities issued by federal, state, local, and foreign governments (including
securities neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government). The Fund may invest a
substantial portion of its assets in asset-backed securities, including, but not limited to,
securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, credit-card receivables, home
equity loans, automobile loans, educational loans, corporate and sovereign bonds, and bank loans
made to corporations. In addition, the Fund may invest in government securities, corporate debt
securities, money market instruments, and commercial paper, and enter into credit default swaps,
reverse repurchase agreements, and repurchase agreements. The Funds fixed income securities
primarily have adjustable interest rates (or may be hedged using derivatives to convert the fixed
rate interest payments into adjustable rate interest payments), but may also include all types of
-1-
interest rate, payment, and reset terms, including fixed rate, zero coupon, contingent,
deferred, payment-in-kind, and auction rate features. From time to time, the Fund may continue to
hold fixed income securities that are rated below investment grade.
In selecting fixed income securities for the Funds portfolio, the Manager focuses primarily
on the securities credit quality. The Manager uses fundamental investment techniques to identify
the credit risk associated with investments in particular fixed income securities and bases its
investment decisions on that risk determination.
When used in this Private Placement Memorandum, the term invest includes both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes both direct investments and
indirect investments. For instance, the Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by
investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the
underlying asset.
In addition, the term fixed income securities includes (i) obligations of an
issuer to make payments of principal and/or interest on future dates and (ii) synthetic debt
instruments created by the Manager by combining a futures contract, swap contract, or option on a
non-synthetic fixed income security with cash, a cash equivalent, or a non-synthetic fixed income
security. For purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, the term bond refers to any fixed
income security.
In addition, for purposes of this Private Placement Memorandum, the term investment grade
refers to a rating of Baa3/BBB- or better given by Moodys Investors Service, Inc.
(Moodys)/Standard & Poors Ratings Services (S&P) to a particular fixed income security, and
the term below investment grade refers to any rating below Baa3/BBB- given by Moodys/S&P to a
particular fixed income security. Securities rated below investment grade are also known as high
yield or junk bonds. In addition, in this Private Placement Memorandum, investment grade
securities that are given a rating of Aa/AA or better by Moodys/S&P are referred to as high
quality. Securities referred to as investment grade, below investment grade, or high quality
include not only securities rated by Moodys and S&P, but also securities unrated by Moodys or S&P
that are determined by the Manager to have credit qualities comparable to securities rated by
Moodys and/or S&P as investment grade, below investment grade, or high quality, as applicable.
The Fund has elected to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Unless otherwise specified in this Private Placement Memorandum or in the SAI, the Manager is not
obligated to and generally will not consider tax consequences when seeking to achieve the Funds
investment objective (e.g., the Fund may engage in transactions that are not tax efficient for
shareholders subject to U.S. federal income tax). Income from certain types of investments made by
the Fund may be treated as unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) and subject to tax when
allocated to tax-exempt shareholders. Portfolio turnover is not a principal consideration when the
Manager makes investment decisions for the Fund. Based on its assessment of market conditions, the
Manager may trade the Funds investments more frequently at some times than at others. High
turnover rates may adversely affect the Funds performance by generating additional transaction
costs and may result in additional taxable income that is passed through by the Fund to its
shareholders.
Benchmark
The Funds benchmark is the JPMorgan U.S. 3 Month Cash Index, which is independently
maintained and published by JPMorgan. The Index measures the total return performance of
three-month U.S. dollar Euro-deposits.
-2-
Principal risks of investing in the Fund
The value of the Funds shares changes with the value of the Funds investments. Many factors
can affect this value, and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. Factors that may affect
the Funds portfolio as a whole are called principal risks and are summarized in this section.
This summary describes the nature of these principal risks and certain related risks, but is not
intended to include every potential risk. The Fund could be subject to additional risks because
the types of investments it makes may change over time. The SAI includes more information about
the Fund and its investments. The Fund, by itself, is not intended to provide a complete
investment program, and an investment in the Fund should only be considered as part of a
diversified portfolio that includes other investments.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Managers ability to achieve
its investment objective. The Manager uses proprietary models and strategies to identify and
exploit differences in relative interest rates in various markets around the world. However, there
can be no assurance that the Manager will achieve the desired results (e.g., the Manager may not be
successful in identifying misvaluations in world interest rates) and the nature of the risks
assumed as a result of the Funds derivative positions and other investments may cause the Fund to
incur significant losses. In addition, the Fund may buy securities not included in its benchmark,
hold securities in very different proportions than its benchmark, and/or engage in other strategies
that cause its performance to differ from that of its benchmark. In those cases, the Funds
performance will depend on the ability of the Manager to choose securities and other assets that
perform better than securities that are included in the benchmark and/or to utilize those other
strategies in a way that adds value relative to the benchmark.
The Fund invests in derivatives, which are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is
derived from, the value of underlying reference rates, assets or indices. Derivatives may relate
to interest rates, securities, currencies or currency exchange rates, and related indices. The
Fund may use derivatives for many purposes, including hedging, and, in particular, will use
derivatives related to interest rates as a substitute for direct investment in bonds. The Fund
also may use derivatives as a way to adjust its exposure to various markets and currencies without
actually having to sell existing investments and make new investments. This generally is done when
the adjustment is expected to be relatively temporary or in anticipation of selling Fund assets and
making new investments over time. The SAI contains a description of the various derivatives the
Fund may utilize.
The use of derivatives may involve risks different from, or potentially greater than, the
risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. In
particular, the use of derivatives exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparty to an OTC
derivative contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise to
honor its obligations. OTC derivative contracts typically can be closed out only with the other
party to the contract. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but
there can be no assurance that the counterparty will meet its contractual obligations or that the
Fund will be able to enforce its contractual rights. For example, because the contract for each
OTC derivative is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the Fund is subject to the
risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default)
differently than the Fund. If that occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings
required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its
claims against the counterparty. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to
obtain payments the Manager believes are owed to it under OTC derivative contracts or that those
payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation. In
addition, the Fund may invest in
-3-
derivatives as to which the counterpartys obligations are not secured by collateral (e.g.,
foreign currency forwards), that require collateral but in which the Funds security interest is
not perfected, or in which the derivative is not regularly marked-to-market (e.g., certain OTC
derivatives). When the counterparties obligations are not secured by collateral, the Fund will be
exposed to the risk of having limited recourse if a counterparty defaults. Due to the nature of
the Funds investments, the Fund may invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties
and events that affect the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced
effect on the Fund.
Derivatives also are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, and credit and counterparty risk. Since the value of
derivatives is calculated and derived from the value of other assets, instruments, or references,
the derivative may be improperly valued. Derivatives also involve the risk that changes in their
value may not correlate perfectly with the assets, rates, or indices they are designed to hedge or
closely track. The use of derivatives also may increase the taxes payable by shareholders.
Suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances. For example, if a
counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will not be
permitted to trade with that counterparty. In addition, the Manager may decide not to use
derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce risk exposure.
Derivatives risk is particularly pronounced for the Fund because it makes substantial use of
derivatives, in particular interest rate swaps, to implement its investment program. Swap
contracts and other OTC derivatives, in particular, are highly susceptible to liquidity risk (see
Liquidity Risk below) and credit and counterparty risk (see Credit and Counterparty Risk
below), and are subject to documentation risks. Swap contracts and other OTC derivatives also
involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, and there can be no assurance that the
pricing models employed by the Funds third-party valuation services and/or the Manager will
produce valuations that are reflective of levels at which such swaps and OTC derivatives may
actually be closed out or sold. This valuation risk will be more pronounced in cases where the Fund
enters into swaps and OTC derivatives with specialized terms because the value of those derivatives
may in some cases be determined in part by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized
terms. From time to time, the Fund may invest in credit default swaps, which involve one party
paying another party for the right to receive a specified return in the event of a default by a
third party (e.g., a corporate (including asset-backed security) or sovereign issuer) on a
particular obligation. In addition, when as an alternative to purchasing bonds directly, the Fund
uses credit default swaps to obtain synthetic long exposure to a debt instrument or index of debt
instruments, the Fund is exposed to the risk that it will be required to pay the notional value of
the swap contract in the event of default. There can be no assurance that the Funds use of
derivatives will be effective or will have the desired results.
The Funds use of reverse repurchase agreements and other derivatives and securities lending
may cause its portfolio to be leveraged. Leverage increases the Funds portfolio losses when the
value of its investments declines. The Funds portfolio may be leveraged temporarily if it borrows
money to meet redemption requests and/or to settle investment transactions.
The Fund is not limited in the extent to which it may directly or indirectly use derivatives
or in the absolute face value of its derivative positions. As a result, the Funds net long
exposure typically will have a net notional value in excess of its net assets.
-4-
|
|
|
MARKET RISK
FIXED INCOME SECURITIES
|
The Fund is subject to market risk, which is the risk of unfavorable changes in the value of
the fixed income securities in which the Fund invests. The following summarizes certain general
market risks associated with investments in or exposure to fixed income securities.
A principal risk of the Funds investments in fixed income securities (including bonds, notes,
synthetic debt instruments, and asset-backed securities) is that the value of those securities
typically changes as interest rates fluctuate. This kind of market risk, also called interest
rate risk, is generally greater for funds investing in fixed income securities with longer
durations, although it is present, but to a lesser extent, in the Funds investments in shorter
duration fixed income securities. Fixed income securities are also subject to credit risk (see
Credit and Counterparty Risk below).
Interest rate risk relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest
rates. The value of fixed-rate securities generally falls when interest rates rise, since
prospective interest payments exceed current payments; the opposite is true when interest rates
fall, since current investments have locked in a higher interest rate. The extent to which a
securitys value moves with interest rates is referred to as interest-rate duration, which can be
measured mathematically or empirically. Longer-maturity investments generally have longer
durations, as the investments fixed rate is locked in for longer. Floating-rate or adjustable-rate
securities, however, generally have short interest rate durations, since their interest rates are
not fixed but rather float up and down with the level of prevailing interest rates.
An additional type of market risk exists for the Fund because a substantial portion of its
fixed income securities holdings may consist of asset-backed securities. Those securities may be
backed by many types of assets, including pools of residential and commercial mortgages, automobile
loans, educational loans, home equity loans, or credit-card receivables. They also may be backed
by pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans made to corporations, or a combination of
these bonds and loans (commonly referred to as collateralized debt obligations). Payment of
interest on asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depend on the cash flows
generated by the underlying assets backing the securities. The amount of market risk associated
with asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including the deal structure (i.e.,
determination as to the amount of underlying assets or other support needed to produce the cash
flows necessary to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of the underlying
assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit quality of
the credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of principal if
obligors of the underlying obligations default in payment of the obligations and the defaulted
obligations exceed the credit support. The underlying obligations, in particular securities backed
by pools of residential and commercial mortgages, also are subject to unscheduled prepayment,
particularly during periods of falling interest rates. The Fund may be unable to invest prepayments at as high a yield as the asset-backed security.
The value of an asset-backed security may depend on the servicing of its underlying asset and
is, therefore, subject to risks associated with the negligence or defalcation of its servicer. In
some circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation also may affect the rights of security
holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables
or that utilize the assets may result in a decline in the value of the underlying assets, as well
as costs and delays. The risks associated with asset-backed securities are particularly pronounced
for the Fund because a substantial portion of the Funds holdings of fixed income securities may
consist of asset-backed securities. The Fund also may be subject to risks related to investing in
asset-backed securities backed by different types
-5-
of consumer debt (e.g., credit-card receivables, automobile loans, educational loans, and home
equity loans). See Focused Investment Risk below for a discussion of these risks.
To the extent the Fund invests in fixed income securities paying no interest, such as zero
coupon and principal-only and interest-only securities, it will be exposed to additional market
risk.
|
|
|
CREDIT AND COUNTERPARTY RISK
|
This is the risk that the counterparty to an OTC derivative contract, the issuer or guarantor
of a fixed income security, or a borrower of the Funds securities will be unable or unwilling to
make timely principal, interest, or settlement payments, or otherwise to honor its obligations.
Credit risk for fixed income securities is the risk that the issuer will be unable to make
scheduled contractual payments of principal and interest. The value of the funds investments can
decline as a result of an issuers defaulting in its payment obligations or the markets
expectation of a default. The Fund is subject to the risk that the issuers of the fixed income
securities in which it invests will have their credit ratings downgraded. Nearly all fixed income
securities are subject to some credit risk. The risk varies depending upon whether the issuers of
the securities are corporations or domestic or foreign governments or their sub-divisions or
instrumentalities and whether the particular note or other instruments held by the Fund has a
priority in payment of principal. U.S. government securities are subject to varying degrees of
credit risk depending upon whether the securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the
United States, supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, supported only by the
credit of the issuing U.S. government agency, instrumentality, or corporation, or otherwise
supported by the United States. For example, issuers of many types of U.S. government securities
(e.g., the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage
Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home Loan Banks), although chartered or sponsored by
Congress, are not funded by Congressional appropriations, and their fixed income securities,
including mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, are neither guaranteed nor insured by
the U.S. government. These securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government
securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S.
Treasury bonds). Asset-backed securities, whose principal and interest payments are supported by
pools of other assets, such as credit-card receivables, automobile loans, and sub-prime mortgages,
are subject to further risks, including the risk that the obligors of the underlying assets default
on their obligations. See Market Risk Fixed Income Securities above for a discussion of these
risks. The obligations of issuers also are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws
affecting the rights and remedies of creditors.
Credit risk is particularly pronounced for below investment grade securities (also known as
junk bonds), which are fixed income securities rated lower than Baa3 by Moodys, BBB- by S&P, or
securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality
to securities so rated. Junk bonds are considered predominantly speculative with respect to the
ability of the issuer to make principal and interest payments. Although offering the potential for
higher investment returns, junk bonds often are less liquid than higher quality securities their
issuers ability to meet principal and interest payments is considered speculative, and they are
more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions. From
time to time, the Fund may directly or indirectly acquire or hold below investment grade
securities. At such times, it will be subject to these risks.
In addition, the Fund is exposed to counterparty risk because it uses OTC derivatives, in
particular interest rate swaps, in implementing its investment program. It will also be exposed to
counterparty risk to the extent it lends its portfolio securities or uses repurchase agreements.
There can be no assurance that a counterparty will meet its obligations, especially during
unusually adverse market
-6-
conditions. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but the
Fund may be unable to enforce its contractual rights. The Fund is subject in particular to the
creditworthiness of counterparties because certain types of swap contracts used by the Fund
frequently have durations longer than six months (and, in many cases, a number of years).
Counterparty risk also may be more pronounced if a counterpartys obligations are not secured by
collateral, the Funds interest in collateral is not perfected, or the instrument is not regularly
marked-to-market. In addition, the Fund may have significant exposure to a single counterparty as
a result of its use of swaps and other OTC derivatives (see also Focused Investment Risk below).
The Fund is exposed to liquidity risk when low trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large
position, or legal restrictions limit the Funds ability to sell particular securities or close out
derivative positions at an advantageous price. Because the Funds principal investment strategies
involve the use of derivatives, (in particular OTC derivatives) it has increased exposure to
liquidity risk. Derivatives (in particular OTC derivatives) are more likely to be fair valued (see
Determination of Net Asset Value below). The Fund also may be exposed to liquidity risk when it
has an obligation to purchase particular securities (e.g., as a result of entering into reverse
repurchase agreements or closing out a short position). Furthermore, since 2007, certain
mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities have experienced limited liquidity. There can be
no assurance that the market will, in the future, become more liquid with respect to such
securities and it may well continue to be volatile for the foreseeable future.
|
|
|
FOCUSED INVESTMENT RISK
|
Funds whose investments are focused in industries with high positive correlations to one
another (e.g., different industries within broad sectors, such as technology or financial services)
are subject to greater overall risk than funds whose investments are more diversified. Therefore,
those funds should only be considered as part of a diversified portfolio that includes other
investments.
A fund that focuses its investments in securities of companies in a particular industry may be
especially vulnerable to events affecting companies in that industry because those companies may
share common characteristics, are often subject to similar business risks and regulatory burdens,
and often react similarly to specific economic, market, political, or other developments. This
risk is pronounced for the Fund because it makes significant use of swap contracts and other OTC
derivative instruments. Because a swap contract and other types of OTC derivative instruments
involve an agreement between two parties, the Fund is exposed to the credit of the contract
counterparties, many of which will be part of the financial services sector or related industries.
Therefore, events that affect the financial services sector or related industries generally may
affect the counterparties with whom the Fund has derivative contracts, and may have a significant
adverse effect on the Fund. The Fund may be further subject to these risks because of its exposure
to asset-backed securities secured by different types of consumer debt (e.g., credit-card
receivables, automobile loans, educational loans, and home equity loans). See Market RiskFixed
Income Securities above for further discussion of the risks associated with asset-backed
securities.
|
|
|
NON-DIVERSIFICATION RISK
|
Investing in securities of many different issuers can reduce overall risk, while investing in
securities of a small number of issuers can increase it. The Fund is not a diversified
investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940
Act). This means it is allowed to invest in the securities of a relatively small number of
issuers and/or foreign currencies. As a result, they may be subject to greater credit, market, and
other risks than if the Fund were diversified.
-7-
|
|
|
FOREIGN INVESTMENT RISK
|
Because the Fund may invest in foreign (non-U.S.) securities, it is subject to additional and
more varied risks because the market prices of those securities may fluctuate more rapidly and to a
greater degree than those of U.S. securities. The securities markets of many foreign countries are
relatively small, involving securities of a limited number of companies in a small number of
industries. Additionally, issuers of foreign securities may not be subject to the same degree of
regulation as U.S. issuers. Reporting, accounting, and auditing standards of foreign countries
differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards. Foreign portfolio transactions generally
involve higher commission rates, transfer taxes, and custodial costs, and holders of foreign
securities may be subject to foreign taxes on dividends and interest payable on those securities.
Also, for investments in lesser developed countries, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory
taxation, adverse changes in investment, capital, or exchange control regulations (which may
include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a country), political changes, or
diplomatic developments could adversely affect the Fund. In the event of a nationalization,
expropriation, or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in a foreign
security.
|
|
|
MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISK
|
The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical events may disrupt securities markets and
adversely affect global economies and markets generally. The war in Iraq has had a substantial
effect on economies and securities markets in the U.S. and worldwide. Terrorism in the U.S. and
around the world has had a similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk. The
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets for
four days, and similar future events are possible. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events
have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have
adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Those events as well
as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions also could adversely
affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit
ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Funds
investments. At such times, the Funds exposure to the risks described elsewhere in this section,
including market risk, liquidity risk, and credit and counterparty risk, can increase.
The value of the Funds investments may be adversely affected by acts of terrorism and other
changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions. In addition, market disruptions
might prevent the Fund from implementing its investment program for a period of time. For example,
a disruption may cause the Funds derivative counterparties to discontinue offering derivatives on
certain underlying securities, reference rates, or indices or to offer such products on a more
limited basis.
To the extent that shares of the Fund are held by large shareholders (e.g., institutional
investors or other GMO Funds), the Fund is subject to the risk that these shareholders will
reallocate or rebalance their investments. In fact, all of the Fund may be held by GMO Funds
and/or separate accounts managed by the Manager for its clients. Asset allocation decisions by the
Manager may result in substantial redemptions from (or investments into) the Fund. These
transactions will affect the Fund, since the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities in order to
satisfy redemption requests or purchase portfolio securities in order to invest cash. This risk
will be particularly pronounced if one shareholder owns a substantial portion of the Fund. These
transactions may adversely affect the Funds performance to the extent that the Fund is required to
sell investments or invest cash at times when it would not otherwise do so. These transactions
also may accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments
result in capital gains, and also may increase transaction costs.
-8-
Fees and expenses
The table below shows the expected cost of investing in the Fund.
Annual Fund operating expenses
(expenses that are paid from Fund assets as a percentage of average daily net assets):
|
|
|
|
|
Management fee
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
0.10
|
%
1
|
Total annual operating expenses
|
|
|
0.10
|
%
|
Expense reimbursement
|
|
|
(0.03
|
%)
2
|
Net annual expenses
|
|
|
0.07
|
%
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Other expenses include interest expense incurred as a result of entering into
reverse repurchase agreements. For the fiscal year ended February 29, 2008, other expenses
(before addition of interest expense) and interest expense were 0.03% and 0.07% respectively.
Other expenses reflect the aggregate of direct expenses associated with an investment in the Fund
and the indirect net expenses associated with the Funds investment in certain other pooled
investment vehicles (the underlying Funds) for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2008. Amount does not include expenses
associated with investments in the securities of unaffiliated issuers
unless such issuers hold themselves out to be investment companies.
Net fees
and expenses of underlying Funds were less than 0.01%.
|
|
2
|
|
The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse the Fund through at least June 30,
2009 (excluding fees and expenses of the independent Trustees of the Trust, fees and expenses for
legal services not approved by the Manager for the Trust, compensation and expenses of the Trusts
Chief Compliance Officer (excluding any employee benefits), brokerage commissions, securities
lending fees and expenses, interest expense, transfer taxes, and other investment-related costs
(including expenses associated with investments in any company that is an investment company or
would be an investment company under the 1940 Act, but for the exceptions to the definition of
investment company provided in Section 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act), hedging transaction
fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses (including taxes)).
|
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
GMO,
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 provides investment
management and shareholder services to the
Fund and other GMO Funds. GMO is a private company, founded in 1977. As of April 30, 2008, GMO
managed on a worldwide basis more than $138 billion for the GMO Funds and institutional investors,
such as pension plans, endowments, and foundations.
Subject to the approval of the Trustees, the Manager establishes and modifies when necessary
the investment strategies of the Fund. In addition to its management
and shareholder services to the Fund, the
Manager administers the Funds business affairs. The Manager does not charge the Fund a management
fee for management and administrative services provided to the Fund.
A
discussion of the basis for the Trustees approval of the
Funds investment management
contract is included in the Funds shareholder report for the period during which the Trustees
approved that contract.
GMOs
Fixed Income Division is responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund. The
Divisions investment professionals work collaboratively to manage the Funds portfolio, and no one
person is primarily responsible for day-to-day investment management of the Fund.
William Nemerever and Thomas Cooper are the senior members and co-directors of the Fixed
Income Division. Each has been a senior member of the Division since 1993. As senior members and
co-directors, Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper jointly allocate responsibility for portions of the
Funds
-9-
portfolio to members of the Division, oversee the implementation of trades, review the overall
composition of the portfolio, including compliance with its stated investment objective and
strategies, and monitor cash.
Mr. Nemerever and Mr. Cooper have been jointly responsible for overseeing the portfolio
management of GMOs global fixed income portfolios since 1993. In general, Mr. Nemerever focuses on
investment strategy, while Mr. Cooper focuses on instrument selection.
The SAI contains other information about how GMO determines the compensation of the senior
members, other accounts they manage and related conflicts, and their ownership of the Fund.
Custodian, Fund Accounting Agent, and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves
as the Funds custodian, fund accounting agent, and transfer agent.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value or NAV of each class of shares of the Fund is determined as of the close
of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.
The Funds NAV per share for a class of shares is determined by dividing the total value of the
Funds portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, allocated to that share class
by the total number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. The Fund will not determine its NAV
on any day when the NYSE is closed for business. The Fund also may elect not to determine its NAV
on days during which no share is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell a share
is received by the Fund.
The value of the Funds investments is generally determined as follows:
Exchange-listed securities
|
|
|
Last sale price or
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|
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|
|
Official closing price or
|
|
|
|
|
Most recent bid price (if no reported sale or official closing price) or
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|
|
|
|
Broker bid (if the private market is more relevant in determining market value
than the exchange), based on where the securities are principally traded and their
intended disposition
|
Unlisted securities
(if market quotations are readily available)
|
|
|
Most recent quoted bid price
|
Certain debt obligations
(if less than sixty days remain until maturity)
|
|
|
Amortized cost (unless circumstances dictate otherwise; for example, if the
issuers creditworthiness has become impaired)
|
All other fixed income securities and options on those securities (except for options written by
the Fund)
(includes bonds, loans, structured notes)
|
|
|
Most recent bid supplied by a primary pricing source chosen by the Manager
|
-10-
Options written by the Fund
Shares of other open-end registered investment companies
|
|
|
NAV at the time of valuation of shares of the Fund
|
Fair Value Pricing
For all other assets and securities, including derivatives, and in cases where market prices
are not readily available or circumstances render an existing methodology or procedure unreliable,
the Funds investments will be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Trustees
or pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
With respect to the Funds use of fair value pricing, you should note the following:
|
4
|
|
A significant percentage of the Funds assets may be fair
valued. The value of assets that are fair valued is determined by the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved
by the Trustees. Some of the factors that may be considered in determining
fair value are the value of other financial instruments traded on other
markets, trading volumes, changes in interest rates, observations from
financial institutions, significant events (which may be considered to include
changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after
the close of the relevant market and before the time that the Funds net asset
value is calculated, and other news events. Although the goal of fair
valuation is to determine the amount the owner of the securities might
reasonably expect to receive upon their current sale, because of the subjective
and variable nature of fair value pricing, the fair value determined for a
particular security may be materially different than the value realized upon
its sale.
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|
|
|
The values of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S.
dollars generally at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time at then current exchange rates or at such other rates
as the Trustees or persons acting at their direction may determine appropriate in computing net
asset value.
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|
|
|
The Manager evaluates primary pricing sources from time to time, and may change any
pricing source at any time. However, the Manager does not normally evaluate the prices supplied by
the pricing sources on a day-to-day basis. The Manager is kept informed of erratic or unusual
movements (including unusual inactivity) in the prices supplied for a security and may in its
discretion override a price supplied by a source (by taking a price supplied by another) when the
Manager believes that the price supplied is not reliable. Some securities may be valued on the
basis of a price provided by a principal market maker. Prices provided by principal market makers
may vary from the value that would be realized if the securities were sold. In addition, because
the Fund may hold portfolio securities listed on foreign exchanges that trade on days on which the
NYSE is closed, the net asset value of the Funds shares may change significantly on days when
shares cannot be redeemed.
|
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund has established a policy with respect to disclosure of its portfolio holdings. That
policy is described in the SAI. Information regarding the Funds portfolio holdings as of each
months end is
-11-
made available to shareholders of the Trust, qualified potential shareholders as determined by
GMO (potential shareholders), and their consultants or agents through a secured link on GMOs
website approximately five days after month end.
To access this information on GMOs website (http://www.gmo.com/america/strategies),
shareholders, potential shareholders, and their consultants and agents must contact GMO to obtain a
password and user name (to the extent they do not already have them) and enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that permits the information to be used only for
purposes determined of GMO to be in the best interest of the
shareholders of the Fund. GMO may make portfolio holdings information
available in alternate formats under the conditions described in the
SAI.
The
Fund or GMO may suspend the posting of portfolio holdings, and the Fund may modify the
disclosure policy without notice to shareholders. Once posted, the Funds portfolio holdings will
remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR (annual/semiannual
report) or Form N-Q (quarterly schedule of portfolio holdings) for the period that includes the
date of those holdings.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Currently, shares of the Fund are principally available for purchase by other GMO funds and
certain other accredited investors. All investors must be accredited investors as defined in
Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933.
Under ordinary circumstances, you may purchase the Funds shares from the Trust when the NYSE
is open for business. For instructions on purchasing shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or
send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust will not accept a purchase request unless a completed GMO
Trust Application, and IRS Form W-9 (for U.S. shareholders) or the appropriate IRS Form W-8 (for
foreign shareholders) with a correct taxpayer identification number
(if required), is on file with
GMO.
Purchase Policies.
You must submit a purchase request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a purchase request is in good order if it includes:
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|
|
The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being purchased;
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|
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|
The U.S. dollar amount of the shares to be purchased;
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|
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|
|
The date on which the purchase is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the close
of regular trading on that date);
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|
|
|
|
The name and/or the account number (if any) set forth with sufficient clarity to
avoid ambiguity;
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|
|
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|
The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application;
and
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|
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|
|
Payment in full (by check, wire, or, when approved,
securities) received by an agent of the
Trust by 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or the close of the NYSE, whichever is earlier.
|
|
4
|
|
If payment is not received prior to the close of regular trading on the intended
purchase date, the request may be rejected unless prior arrangements have been approved
by GMO for later payment.
|
If the purchase request is received in good order by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the purchase price for the Fund shares to
be purchased is the net asset value per share determined on that day. If the good order purchase
request is received after
-12-
the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the purchase price for the Fund shares to be
purchased is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day that the NYSE is
open.
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal
law requires the Trust to verify identifying information provided by you in your GMO Trust
Application. Additional identifying documentation also may be required. If the Trust is unable to
verify the information shortly after your account is opened, the account may be closed and your
shares redeemed at their net asset value at the time of the redemption.
The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase order. In addition, without notice, the
Fund in its sole discretion may temporarily or permanently suspend sales of its shares to new
investors and, in some circumstances, existing shareholders.
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment required for this Fund.
Funds advised or sub-advised by GMO (Top Funds) may purchase shares of the Fund after the
close of regular trading on the NYSE (the Cut-off Time) and receive the current days price if
the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a purchase request prior to the
Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the purchases by the Top Funds of shares of the Fund are
executed pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form
. Completed purchase order forms can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
or other form of communication pre-approved by Shareholder Services to the Trust
at:
GMO Trust
c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Facsimile: 1-617-439-4192
Attention: Shareholder Services
Call the Trust at (617) 346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com to
confirm good order
receipt and acceptance
of your purchase order form. Do not send cash, checks, or securities
directly to the Trust. Purchase requests submitted by mail are received by the Trust when
actually delivered to the Trust. Purchase requests delivered by facsimile are received by the
Trust when such facsimile is actually received by the Trust or its agent.
Funding Your Investment
. You may purchase shares:
|
|
|
with cash (via wire transfer or check)
|
|
4
|
|
By wire
. Instruct your bank to wire the amount of your investment to:
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts
ABA#: 011-001-438
Attn: Transfer Agent
Credit: GMO Deposit Account 55555-4444
Further credit: GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund/Account name and number
-13-
|
4
|
|
By check
. All checks must be made payable to the Fund or to GMO Trust.
The Trust will not accept checks payable to a third party that have been endorsed
by the payee to the Trust. Mail checks to:
|
|
|
|
By U.S. Postal Service:
|
|
By Overnight Courier:
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
|
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
|
Transfer Agency/GMO
|
|
Attn: Transfer Agency/GMO
|
P.O. Box 642
|
|
200 Clarendon Street
|
Mail Code JHT2920
|
|
29th Floor Mail Code JHT2920
|
Boston, MA 02117-0642
|
|
Boston, MA 02116
|
|
|
|
in exchange for securities acceptable to the Manager
|
|
4
|
|
securities must be approved by the Manager prior to transfer to the Fund
|
|
|
4
|
|
securities will be valued as set forth under Determination of Net Asset Value
|
|
|
|
by a combination of cash and securities
|
Frequent Trading Activity.
The Trustees have adopted procedures designed to
detect and prevent frequent trading activity that is harmful to certain other GMO Funds and their
shareholders. Frequent trading strategies are generally strategies that involve repeated exchanges
and/or purchases and redemptions (or redemptions and purchases) within a short period of time.
Frequent trading strategies may be disruptive to the efficient management of such funds, materially
increase portfolio transaction costs and taxes, dilute the value of shares held by long-term
investors, or otherwise be harmful to such funds and their shareholders.
Notwithstanding the
foregoing, these policies and procedures do not limit frequent trading of the Fund because the
nature of its investments make the Fund less susceptible to the effects of market timing.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Under ordinary circumstances, you may redeem the Funds shares when the NYSE is open for
business. Redemption requests should be submitted to the Trust. For instructions on redeeming
shares, call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to SHS@GMO.com. The Trust may take up
to seven days to remit proceeds.
Redemption Policies.
You must submit a redemption request in good order to avoid having it
rejected by the Trust. In general, a redemption request is in good order if it includes:
|
|
|
The name and/or CUSIP number of the Fund being redeemed;
|
|
|
|
|
The number of shares or the dollar amount of the shares to be redeemed;
|
|
|
|
|
The date on which the redemption is to be made (subject to receipt prior to the
close of regular trading on that date);
|
|
|
|
|
The name and/or the account number set forth with sufficient clarity to avoid
ambiguity;
|
|
|
|
|
The signature of an authorized signatory as identified in the GMO Trust Application
or subsequent authorized signers list; and
|
-14-
|
|
|
Wire instructions or registration address that match the wire instructions or
registration address (as applicable) on file at GMO or confirmation from an authorized
signatory that the wire instructions are valid.
|
If the redemption request is received in good order by the Trust prior to the close of regular
trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), the redemption price for the Fund shares to
be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on that day. If the good order redemption
request is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the redemption price for the
Fund shares to be redeemed is the net asset value per share determined on the next business day
unless an authorized person on the account has instructed GMO Shareholder Services in writing to
defer the redemption to another day. In the event of a disaster affecting Boston, Massachusetts,
please contact GMO to confirm good order receipt of your redemption request. If you have
instructed GMO Shareholder Services to defer the redemption to another day an authorized person on
the account may revoke your redemption request in writing at any time prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern
time on the redemption date.
Failure to provide the Trust with a properly authorized redemption request or otherwise
satisfy the Trust as to the validity of any change to the wire instructions or registration address
will result in a delay in processing a redemption request, delay in remittance of redemption
proceeds, or a rejection of the redemption request.
If the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that a redemption payment wholly or partly
in cash would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay
the redemption proceeds in whole or in part with securities held by the Fund instead of cash.
If a redemption is paid in cash:
|
|
|
payment generally will be made by means of federal funds transfer to the bank
account designated in a recordable format by an authorized signatory in the GMO Trust
Application to purchase the Fund shares being redeemed
|
|
4
|
|
designation of one or more additional bank accounts or any change in
the bank accounts originally designated in the GMO Trust Application must be made
in a recordable format by an authorized signatory according to the procedures in
the GMO Trust Redemption Order Form
|
|
|
|
upon request, payment will be made by check mailed to the registration address
(unless another address is specified according to the procedures in the GMO Trust
Redemption Order Form).
|
If a redemption is paid with securities, it is important for you to note:
|
|
|
securities used to redeem Fund shares will be valued as set forth under
Determination of Net Asset Value
|
|
|
|
|
securities distributed by the Fund will be selected by the Manager in light of the
Funds objective and may not represent a pro rata distribution of each security held in
the Funds portfolio
|
|
|
|
|
you may incur brokerage charges on the sale of any securities received as a result
of an in-kind redemption
|
|
|
|
|
in-kind redemptions generally are treated by shareholders for
tax purposes the same as redemptions paid in cash
|
-15-
|
|
|
in-kind redemptions will be transferred and delivered by the Trust as directed in
writing by an authorized person on the account.
|
The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for more than seven
days:
|
|
|
if the NYSE is closed on days other than weekends or holidays
|
|
|
|
|
during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted
|
|
|
|
|
during an emergency which makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its
securities or to fairly determine the net asset value of the Fund
|
|
|
|
|
during any other period permitted by the SEC for your protection.
|
Pursuant to the Trusts Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust has
the right to redeem Fund shares held by a shareholder unilaterally at any time if at that time: (i)
the shares of the Fund or a class held by the shareholder have an aggregate net asset value of less
than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) the shares of the Fund or a
class held by the shareholder exceed a percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund or a class
determined from time to time by the Trustees. The Trustees have authorized GMO in its sole
discretion to redeem shares held by certain shareholders to prevent the shareholder from becoming
an affiliated person of the Fund.
Top Funds may redeem shares of the Fund after the Cut-off Time and receive the current days
price if the following conditions are met: (i) the Top Fund received a redemption request prior to
the Cut-off Time on that day; and (ii) the redemption of the shares of the Fund is executed
pursuant to an allocation predetermined by GMO prior to that days Cut-off Time.
Submitting Your Redemption Request
.
Redemption requests can be submitted by
mail
or by
facsimile
to the Trust at the address/facsimile number set forth under How to Purchase Shares
Submitting Your Purchase Order Form. Redemption requests submitted by mail are received by the
Trust when actually delivered to the Trust. Call the Trust at 1-617-346-7646 or send an e-mail to
SHS@GMO.com to
confirm good order receipt and acceptance
of redemption requests.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Fund does not intend to make any distributions to its shareholders but may do so in the
sole discretion of the Trustees. Shareholders should read the description below for information
regarding the tax character of distributions, if any, and allocations from the Fund to
shareholders.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to
shareholders investing in the Fund. The Funds shareholders are expected to be principally other
funds of the Trust, which are regulated investment companies (RICs) as defined by the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The summary below does not address tax consequences to
shareholders of those other funds. Shareholders of those other funds should refer to the
prospectuses or private placement memoranda (as applicable) and statements of additional
information for those funds for a summary of the tax consequences applicable to them.
|
|
|
The Fund has elected to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. As a partnership, the Fund is not itself subject to U.S. federal income tax.
Instead, each shareholder will be required to take into account its distributive share
of items of Fund income, gain, loss, deduction, credit and tax preference for each
taxable year substantially as though such items had been realized directly by the
shareholder and without regard to
|
-16-
|
|
|
whether any distribution by the Fund has been or will be received. Allocations of
taxable income, gain, loss, deductions, credits and tax preferences of the Fund will be
made in accordance with the economics of the Fund as determined at the Funds
discretion.
|
|
|
|
The Fund will provide tax information on Schedule K-1 to each shareholder following
the close of the Funds taxable year. Each shareholder will be responsible for keeping
its own records for determining its tax basis in its shares and for the preparation and
filing of its own tax returns. Shareholders should expect to file for extensions for
the completion of their U.S. federal, state, local and other tax returns.
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions will be made as determined at the Funds discretion. Due to potential
timing differences between income recognition for tax purposes and actual cash
distributions, it is possible that a shareholder could recognize income from the Fund
in excess of actual cash distributions made prior to the date the income must be
distributed by a RIC shareholder or the liability for the tax on the income is
otherwise due. In general, distributions of money (including in satisfaction of
redemption requests) by the Fund to a shareholder will represent a nontaxable return of
capital to that shareholder up to the amount of the shareholders adjusted tax basis in
its Fund shares. A distribution in partial or complete redemption of a shareholders
shares in the Fund is taxable to that shareholder as a sale or exchange only to the
extent the amount of money received by the shareholder exceeds the shareholders
adjusted tax basis in its Fund shares. Any loss may be recognized by a shareholder only
if it redeems all of its Fund shares for money. Any gain recognized may be treated by a
shareholder as ordinary income to the extent of its share of the Funds unrealized
receivables (such as accrued market discount) and substantially appreciated inventory,
if any. A shareholder generally will not recognize gain or loss on an in-kind
distribution of property from the Fund. However, certain exceptions to this general
rule may apply. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
|
|
|
|
Furthermore, the Funds investment in certain types of securities and other assets,
including asset-backed securities, debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount,
assets marked to the market for U.S. federal income tax purposes, foreign currencies,
certain types of foreign securities, entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal
income tax purposes and, potentially, so-called indexed securities (such as
inflation-indexed bonds), may increase or accelerate the recognition of income by Fund
shareholders, including recognition of taxable income in excess of the cash generated
by such investments.
|
|
|
|
|
The Funds investments in foreign securities may subject the Fund and/or
shareholders, directly or indirectly, to taxation, including withholding taxes on
dividends, interest or capital gains, and/or tax-filing obligations in foreign
jurisdictions. Subject to certain limitations, shareholders may be entitled to claim a
credit or deduction (but not both) for its allocable share of certain foreign taxes
incurred by the Fund. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
|
|
|
|
The Funds use of derivatives (such as options, futures, and swap contracts) and
securities lending may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of income recognized
by its shareholders. See Taxes in the SAI for more information.
|
|
|
|
|
An allocable share of a tax-exempt shareholders income will likely be UBTI to the
extent that the Fund borrows money (including through the use of reverse repurchase
agreements) to acquire investments or invests in assets that produce UBTI.
|
-17-
The above is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents, or domestic corporations.
You should consult your own tax advisers about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the
Fund in light of your particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local, or other
applicable taxes (including the federal alternative minimum tax). See Taxes in the SAI for more
information, including a summary of certain tax consequences of investing in the Fund for non-U.S.
shareholders.
-18-
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(For a share outstanding throughout each period)
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Funds financial
performance for the period of the Funds operations. Certain information reflects financial
results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an
investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all
dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an
independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds financial
statements, is included in the Funds Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference in the SAI
and available upon request.
GMO WORLD OPPORTUNITY OVERLAY FUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
November 22,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(commencement
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of operations)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
through
|
|
|
|
Year Ended February 28/29,
|
|
|
February 28,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Net asset value, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
25.99
|
|
|
$
|
25.23
|
|
|
$
|
25.17
|
|
|
$
|
25.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from investment operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income (loss)
|
|
|
1.41
|
|
|
|
1.36
|
|
|
|
0.96
|
|
|
|
0.15
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
|
|
|
(1.72
|
)
|
|
|
(0.60
|
)
|
|
|
(0.90
|
)
|
|
|
0.02
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total from investment operations
|
|
|
(0.31
|
)
|
|
|
0.76
|
|
|
|
0.06
|
|
|
|
0.17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net asset value, end of period
|
|
$
|
25.68
|
|
|
$
|
25.99
|
|
|
$
|
25.23
|
|
|
$
|
25.17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Return
(a)
|
|
|
(1.19
|
)%
|
|
|
3.01
|
%
|
|
|
0.24
|
%
|
|
|
0.68
|
%
**
|
Ratios/Supplemental Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets, end of period (000s)
|
|
$
|
1,478,176
|
|
|
$
|
1,750,067
|
|
|
$
|
1,012,277
|
|
|
$
|
582,279
|
|
Net operating expenses to average daily net assets
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(b)
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(b)
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(b)
|
|
|
0.01
|
%
*
|
Interest expense to average daily net assets
|
|
|
0.07
|
%
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(b)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net expenses to average daily net assets
|
|
|
0.07
|
%
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(b)
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
(b)
|
|
|
0.01
|
%
*
|
Net investment income to average daily net assets.
|
|
|
5.38
|
%
|
|
|
5.36
|
%
|
|
|
3.84
|
%
|
|
|
2.21
|
%
*
|
Portfolio turnover rate
|
|
|
41
|
%
|
|
|
93
|
%
|
|
|
31
|
%
|
|
|
8
|
%
**
|
Fees and expenses reimbursed by the Manager to
average daily net assets
|
|
|
0.02
|
%
|
|
|
0.03
|
%
|
|
|
0.03
|
%
|
|
|
0.06
|
%
*
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
The total returns would have been lower had certain expenses not been reimbursed during the
periods shown.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Ratio is less than 0.01%.
|
|
|
|
Calculated using average shares outstanding throughout the period.
|
|
*
|
|
Annualized.
|
|
**
|
|
Not annualized.
|
-19-
GMO TRUST
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders contain additional information about
the Funds investments. The Funds annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions
and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal
year. The Funds annual and semiannual reports and the Funds SAI are available free of charge by
writing to Shareholder Services at GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 or by calling
collect at 1-617-346-7646. Because the Fund does not publicly offer its shares, its shareholder
reports and SAI are not available on GMOs website. The SAI contains more detailed information
about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into this Private Placement Memorandum, which means
that it is legally considered to be part of this Private Placement Memorandum.
You can review and copy the Private Placement Memorandum, SAI, and reports at the SECs Public
Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room
may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund
are available on the EDGAR database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of
this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the
following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the
SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Shareholders who wish to communicate with the Trustees must do so by mailing a written
communication, addressed as follows: To the Attention of the Board of Trustees, c/o GMO Trust Chief
Compliance Officer, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may request additional
information from and direct inquiries to:
Shareholder Services at
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
1-617-346-7646 (call collect)
1-617-439-4192 (fax)
SHS@GMO.com
website: http://www.gmo.com
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04347
GMO TRUST
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund
GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund
GMO Special Situations Fund
GMO Taiwan Fund
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
June 27, 2008
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus. It relates to the Private Placement
Memorandum for each of GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund,
GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund, GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO Taiwan Fund, and GMO World
Opportunity Overlay Fund, each dated June 27, 2008, as amended from time to time thereafter
(collectively, the Private Placement Memoranda), and should be read in conjunction therewith.
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, GMO Special Purpose
Holding Fund, GMO Special Situations Fund, GMO Taiwan Fund and GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund
(the Funds) are each a series of GMO Trust (the Trust). Information from the Private Placement
Memorandum and the annual report to shareholders of each Fund offered through the Private Placement
Memoranda is incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. The Private
Placement Memorandum and the annual report to shareholders of each Fund offered through the Private
Placement Memoranda may be obtained free of charge from GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston,
Massachusetts 02110, or by calling the Trust collect at 1-617-346-7646.
Table of Contents
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1
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1
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3
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|
40
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|
55
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|
59
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|
59
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|
60
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|
75
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|
95
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|
102
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
108
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
111
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
111
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
114
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|
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|
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|
|
117
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|
|
|
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|
|
117
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|
118
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|
121
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|
|
|
A-1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B-1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C-1
|
|
-i-
Each Fund is a series of the Trust. The Trust is a series investment company that consists of
separate series of investment portfolios (the Series), each of which is represented by a separate
series of shares of beneficial interest. Each Series manager is Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo &
Co. LLC (the Manager or GMO). Shares of the other Series of the Trust are offered pursuant to
separate prospectuses or private placement memoranda, as applicable, and statements of additional
information.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective and principal strategies of, and risks of investing in, each Fund are
described in each Funds Private Placement Memorandum. Unless otherwise indicated in a Private
Placement Memorandum or this Statement of Additional Information, the investment objective and
policies of the Funds may be changed without shareholder approval.
FUND INVESTMENTS
The chart on the following page indicates the types of investments that each Fund is generally
permitted (but not required) to make. A Fund may, however, make other types of investments
provided the investments are consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies and the
Funds investment restrictions do not expressly prohibit it from so doing. With respect to Special
Purpose Holding Fund, as discussed in Fund SummaryPrincipal Investment Strategies in the
Private Placement Memorandum, the Fund currently expects that any new Fund investments will be made
primarily in cash, cash items, and high quality debt securities.
Investors should note that, when used in this Statement of Additional Information, the term
invest includes both direct investing and indirect investing and the term investments includes
both direct investments and indirect investments. For instance, a Fund may invest indirectly or
make indirect investments by investing in another Fund or in derivatives and synthetic instruments
with economic characteristics similar to the underlying asset or, with respect to Alternative Asset
Opportunity Fund, the Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by investing in
Short-Duration Collateral Fund. Accordingly, the following chart indicates the types of
investments that a Fund is directly or indirectly permitted to make.
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Asset
|
|
Short-Duration
|
|
Special Purpose
|
|
Special Situations
|
|
|
|
World Opportunity
|
|
|
Opportunity Fund
|
|
Collateral Fund
|
|
Holding Fund
|
|
Fund
|
|
Taiwan Fund
|
|
Overlay Fund
|
U.S. Equity Securities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Foreign InvestmentsForeign Issuers
1
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Foreign InvestmentsForeign Issuers (Traded on U.S.
Exchanges)
1
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Foreign InvestmentsEmerging Countries
1
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Securities Lending
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Depository Receipts
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
Convertible Securities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Preferred Stocks
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
Warrants and Rights
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Options and Futures
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Swap Contracts and Other
Two-Party Contracts
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Foreign Currency Transactions
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Repurchase Agreements
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesLong and Medium
Term Corporate & Government Bonds
2
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesShort-Term
Corporate & Government Bonds
2
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Debt and Other Fixed Income SecuritiesMunicipal
Securities
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and Other High Quality Investments
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government
Securities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Real Estate Investment Trusts and other Real
Estate-Related Investments
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
Asset-Backed and Related Securities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
Adjustable Rate Securities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
Below Investment Grade Securities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
Zero Coupon Securities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
Indexed Securities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Structured Notes
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Firm Commitments and
When-Issued Securities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
Commodity-Related Investments
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted
Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other
Pooled Investments
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
|
X
|
Investments in Other Investment CompaniesShares of
Other GMO Trust Funds
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
Units of GMO SPV I, LLC
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in
Subsidiary CompaniesShares of
Wholly-Owned Subsidiary
5
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
1
|
|
For more information, see, among other sections, Fund SummaryPrincipal Risks of
Investing in the FundForeign Investment Risk in the relevant Private Placement Memorandum and
Descriptions and Risks of Fund InvestmentsRisks of Foreign Investments herein.
|
|
2
|
|
For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund
InvestmentsU.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities herein.
|
|
3
|
|
For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund
InvestmentsMunicipal Securities herein.
|
|
4
|
|
For more information, see, among other sections, Fund SummaryPrincipal Investment
Strategies and Principal Risks of Investing in the FundLitigation-Related Risk in the
Special Purpose Holding Fund Private Placement Memorandum.
|
|
5
|
|
For more information, see, among other sections, Descriptions and Risks of Fund
InvestmentInvestments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiary herein.
|
(
Note
: Some of the footnotes to the above chart refer investors to various risks described
in the Fund SummaryPrincipal Risks of Investing in the Fund section of the Private Placement
Memoranda for more information relating to a particular type of investment listed in the chart.
The presence of such a risk cross reference for a particular Fund investment is not intended to
indicate that such risk is a principal risk of that Fund, and instead is intended to provide more
information regarding the risks associated with the particular investment. Please refer to the
Fund SummaryPrincipal Risks of Investing in the Fund sections of each Private Placement
Memorandum for a list of each Funds principal risks.)
DESCRIPTIONS AND RISKS OF FUND INVESTMENTS
The following is a description of investment practices in which the Funds may engage and the risks
associated with their use. As discussed above, however, Special Purpose Holding Fund currently
expects that any new Fund investments will be made primarily in cash, cash items, and high quality
debt securities. In addition, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund may invest in other Funds of the
Trust as disclosed in its Private Placement Memorandum, and is indirectly exposed to the investment
practices of the Funds in which it invests (the underlying Funds), and is therefore subject to
all risks associated with the practices of the underlying Funds.
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED HEREIN,
THE INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS DETAILED BELOW ALSO INCLUDE THOSE TO WHICH A FUND
INDIRECTLY MAY BE EXPOSED THROUGH ITS INVESTMENT IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS. ANY REFERENCES TO
INVESTMENTS MADE BY A FUND INCLUDE THOSE THAT MAY BE MADE BOTH DIRECTLY BY THE FUND AND INDIRECTLY
BY THE FUND (E.G., THROUGH ITS INVESTMENTS IN DERIVATIVES OR SYNTHETIC INSTRUMENTS OR THROUGH ITS
INVESTMENTS IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS).
Not all Funds may engage in all practices described below. Please refer to Fund Summary in each
Private Placement Memorandum and Fund Investments in this Statement of Additional Information for
additional information regarding the practices in which each Fund may engage.
Portfolio Turnover
Based on the Managers assessment of market conditions, the Manager may trade each Funds
investments more frequently at some times than at others, resulting in a higher portfolio turnover
rate. Increased portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and
other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by a Fund, and may involve realization of
capital gains or other types of income that are taxable when distributed to shareholders of the
Fund unless those shareholders are themselves exempt. If portfolio turnover results in the
recognition of short-term capital gains, those gains typically are taxed to shareholders at
ordinary
3
income tax rates. The after-tax impact of portfolio turnover is not considered when
making
investment decisions for a Fund. See Distributions and Taxes in the Private Placement Memoranda
and Distributions and Taxes in this Statement of Additional Information for more information.
The historical portfolio turnover rate for each Fund is shown under the heading Financial
Highlights in the Private Placement Memoranda.
Non-Diversified Portfolios
As stated in each Private Placement Memorandum, each Fund is a non-diversified fund under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), and as such is not required to satisfy
the requirements for diversified funds, which require that at least 75% of the value of a
diversified funds total assets must be represented by cash and cash items (including receivables),
government securities, securities of other investment companies, and other securities that for the
purposes of this calculation are limited in respect of any one issuer to not greater than 5% of the
value of a funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any
single issuer. As a
non-diversified fund, each Fund is permitted (but is not required) to invest a
higher percentage of its assets in the securities of fewer issuers. That concentration could
increase the risk of loss to a Fund resulting from a decline in the market value of particular
portfolio securities. Investment in a non-diversified fund may entail greater risks than
investment in a diversified fund.
Taiwan Fund and Short-Duration Collateral Fund each must meet certain diversification standards to
qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the Code).
Risks of Foreign Investments
General.
Investment in foreign issuers or securities principally traded outside the United States
may involve special risks due to foreign economic, political, and legal developments, including
favorable or unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations
(including currency blockage), expropriation or nationalization of assets, imposition of
withholding taxes on dividend or interest payments, and possible difficulty in obtaining and
enforcing judgments against foreign entities. Issuers of foreign securities are subject to
different, often less comprehensive, accounting, reporting, and disclosure requirements than U.S.
issuers. The securities of some foreign governments, companies, and securities markets are less
liquid, and at times more volatile, than comparable U.S. securities and securities markets.
Foreign brokerage commissions and related fees also are generally higher than in the United States.
Funds that invest in foreign securities also may be affected by different settlement practices or
delayed settlements in some markets. The laws of some foreign countries may limit a Funds ability
to invest in securities of certain issuers located in those countries. Special tax considerations
also apply to investments in securities of foreign issuers and securities principally traded
outside the United States.
4
Foreign countries may have reporting requirements with respect to the ownership of securities, and
those reporting requirements may be subject to interpretation or change without prior notice
to investors. While the Funds make reasonable efforts to stay informed of foreign reporting
requirements relating to the Funds foreign portfolio securities (e.g., through the Funds
brokerage contacts, publications of the Investment Company Institute, which is the national
association of U.S. investment companies, the Funds custodial network, and, to the extent deemed
appropriate by the Funds under the circumstances, local counsel in the relevant foreign country),
no assurance can be given that the Funds will satisfy applicable foreign reporting requirements at
all times.
Emerging Countries.
The risks described above apply to an even greater extent to investments in
emerging countries. Taiwan is considered by the Manager to be an emerging country. The securities
markets of emerging countries are generally smaller, less developed, less liquid, and more volatile
than the securities markets of the United States and developed foreign countries, and disclosure
and regulatory standards in many respects are less stringent. In addition, the securities markets
of emerging countries are typically subject to a lower level of monitoring and regulation.
Government enforcement of existing securities regulations is limited, and any such enforcement may
be arbitrary and the results may be difficult to predict. In addition, reporting requirements of
emerging countries with respect to the ownership of securities are more likely to be subject to
interpretation or changes without prior notice to investors than more developed countries.
Many emerging countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of
inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have negative effects on their economies and securities markets.
Economies of emerging countries generally are heavily dependent on international trade and,
accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange
controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed
or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. Economies of emerging countries also have
been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which
they trade. The economies of emerging countries may be predominantly based on only a few
industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities. In many cases, governments of
emerging countries continue to exercise significant control over their economies, and government
actions relative to the economy, as well as economic developments generally, may affect the
capacity of creditors in those countries to make payments on their debt obligations, regardless of
their financial condition.
Custodial services are often more expensive and other investment-related costs higher in emerging
countries than in developed countries, which could reduce a Funds income from investments in
securities or debt instruments of emerging country issuers.
Emerging countries are more likely than developed countries to experience political uncertainty and
instability, including the risk of war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of
funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that affect U.S. investments in these countries.
No assurance can be given that adverse political changes will not cause a Fund to suffer a loss of
5
any or all of its investments (or, in the case of fixed-income securities, interest) in emerging
countries.
Investments in Asia.
In addition to the risks of foreign investments and emerging countries
investments described above, investments by Taiwan Fund in Asia are subject to other risks. The
economies of Asian countries are at varying levels of development. Markets of countries whose
economies are in the early stages of development typically exhibit a high concentration of market
capitalization and have less trading volume, lower liquidity, and more volatility that more
developed markets. Some Asian countries depend heavily on foreign trade. The economies of some
Asian countries are not diversified and are based on only a few commodities or industries.
Investments in Asia also are susceptible to social, political, legal, and operational risks. Some
countries have authoritarian or relatively unstable governments. Some governments in the region
provide less supervision and regulation of their financial markets and in some countries less
financial information is available than is typical of more developed markets. Some Asian countries
restrict direct foreign investment in securities markets, and investments in securities traded on
those markets may be made, if at all, only indirectly (e.g., American Depositary Receipts(ADRs),
Global Depository Receipts(GDRs), derivatives, etc.). For example, Taiwan permits foreign
investment only through authorized qualified foreign institutional investors (QFII). Taiwan
Funds ability to continue to invest directly in Taiwan is subject to the risk that the Managers
QFII license or Taiwan Funds sub-account under the Managers QFII license may be terminated or
suspended by the Securities and Futures Commission. If the license were terminated or suspended,
Taiwan Fund could be required to liquidate or seek exposure to the Taiwanese market through the
purchase of ADRs and GDRs, shares of other funds which are licensed to invest directly, or
derivatives. In addition, the maximum investment amount permitted under the Managers QFII license
applies to investments by the Manager, Taiwan Fund, and any other entities listed as sub-accounts
under the Managers license. Investments by the Manager and any other sub-accounts may limit the
amount which Taiwan Fund can invest.
Asian countries periodically experience increases in market volatility and declines in foreign
currency exchange rates. Currency fluctuations affect the value of securities because the prices
of these securities are generally denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates can also affect a countrys or companys ability to service
its debt.
Investment in particular Asian countries is subject to unique risks, yet the political and economic
prospects of one country or group of countries can affect other countries in the region. For
example, the economies of some Asian countries are directly affected by Japanese capital investment
in the region and by Japanese consumer demands. In addition, a recession, a debt crisis, or a
decline in currency valuation in one Asian country may spread to other Asian countries. The risks
of investing in Asian countries are particularly pronounced for Taiwan Fund, which invests
primarily in Taiwan.
6
Securities Lending
A Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities amounting to not more than one-third of
its total assets. For these purposes, total assets include the proceeds of such loans. Securities
loans are made to broker-dealers that the Manager believes to be of relatively high credit standing
pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans continuously be collateralized by cash, liquid
securities, or shares of other investment companies with a value at least equal to the market value
of the loaned securities. If a loan is collateralized by U.S. government securities, the Fund
receives a fee from the borrower. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Fund typically invests
the cash collateral for its own account in interest-bearing, short-term securities and pays a fee
to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Funds earnings on the collateral. As
with other extensions of credit, the Fund bears the risk of delay in the recovery of the securities
and of loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. The Fund also bears
the risk that the value of investments made with collateral may decline.
Voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower. The
Fund has the right to call loans at any time on reasonable notice and will do so if holders of a
loaned security are asked to take action on a material matter. However, the Fund bears the risk of
delay in the return of the security, impairing the Funds ability to vote on such matters. The
Manager has retained lending agents on behalf of several of the Funds that are compensated based on
a percentage of the Funds return on its securities lending. The Fund may also pay various fees in
connection with securities loans, including shipping fees and custodian fees.
A Funds securities loans may or may not be structured to preserve qualified dividend income
treatment or the corporate dividends-received deduction on dividends paid on the loaned securities.
A Fund may receive substitute payments under its loans (instead of dividends on the loaned
securities) that are not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income and the long-term
capital gain tax rates applicable thereto, or as dividends eligible for the corporate
dividends-received deduction. See Taxes below for further discussion of qualified dividend
income and the corporate dividends-received deduction.
Depository Receipts
Certain Funds may invest in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depository Receipts (GDRs),
and European Depository Receipts (EDRs) (collectively, Depository Receipts). Depository Receipts
generally evidence an ownership interest in a foreign security on deposit with a financial
institution. Transactions in Depository Receipts usually do not settle in the same currency in
which the underlying foreign securities are denominated or traded. Generally, ADRs are designed
for use in the U.S. securities markets and EDRs are designed for use in European securities
markets. GDRs may be traded in any public or private securities market and may represent
securities held by institutions located anywhere in the world.
Convertible Securities
A convertible security is a security (a bond or preferred stock) that may be converted at a stated
price within a specified period into a specified number of shares of common stock of the same or
7
a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in a corporations capital
structure, but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer. Convertible
securities provide holders, through their conversion feature, an opportunity to participate in
increases in the market price of their underlying securities. The price of a convertible security
is influenced by the market price of the underlying security, and tends to increase as the market
price rises and decrease as the market price declines. The Manager regards convertible securities
as a form of equity security.
Equity Securities
Equity securities, including convertible securities, can decline in value due to factors affecting
the issuing companies, their industries, or the economy and equity markets generally. Equity
securities may decline in value for a number of reasons that directly relate to the issuing
company, such as management performance, financial leverage, and reduced demand for the issuers
goods or services. They also may decline in value due to factors that affect a particular industry
or industries, such as labor shortages, increased production costs, or competitive conditions
within an industry. In addition, they may decline in value due to general market conditions that
are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic
conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency
rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally.
Preferred Stocks
Preferred stocks include convertible and non-convertible preferred and preference stocks that are
senior to common stock. Preferred stocks are equity securities that are senior to common stock
with respect to the right to receive dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from the
issuers liquidation. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional
liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of the issuers common stock, and thus represent
an ownership interest in the issuer. Depending on the features of the particular security, holders
of preferred stock may bear the risks disclosed in the relevant Private Placement Memoranda or this
Statement of Additional Information regarding equity or fixed income securities.
Warrants and Rights
A Fund may purchase or otherwise receive warrants or rights. Warrants and rights generally give
the holder the right to receive, upon exercise, a security of the issuer at a stated price. Funds
typically use warrants and rights in a manner similar to their use of options on securities, as
described in Options and Futures below. Risks associated with the use of warrants and rights are
generally similar to risks associated with the use of options. Unlike most options, however,
warrants and rights are issued in specific amounts, and warrants generally have longer terms than
options. Warrants and rights are not likely to be as liquid as exchange-traded options backed by a
recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of warrants or rights may limit a Funds
ability to exercise the warrants or rights at such time, or in such quantities, as the Fund would
otherwise wish.
8
Options and Futures
Certain Funds may use options and futures for various purposes, including for hedging and
investment purposes. (See Uses of Derivatives below for more information regarding the various
derivatives strategies those Funds may employ using options and futures.) The use of options
contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts involves risk. Thus, while a Fund
may benefit from the use of options, futures, and options on futures, unanticipated changes in
interest rates, securities prices, currency exchange rates, or other underlying assets or reference
rates may adversely affect a Funds performance.
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund uses commodity future contracts to implement its investment
program, including for investment and hedging purposes. As described in Commodity-Related
Investments below, the Fund uses commodity futures contracts and other related commodity-related
derivatives indirectly through its wholly-owned subsidiary. In addition, certain of the Funds
exposure to financial options and futures may be obtained indirectly through its investment in
Short-Duration Collateral Fund.
Options on Securities and Indices.
Certain Funds may purchase and sell put and call options on
equity, fixed income, or other securities or indices in standardized exchange-traded contracts. An
option on a security or index is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a
premium, the right (but not the obligation) to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the
case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of
the index underlying the option) at a specified price. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on a
security has the obligation to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price
or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. Upon exercise, the writer
of an option on an index is required to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and
the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option.
Purchasing Options on Securities and Indices.
Among other reasons, a Fund may purchase a put
option to hedge against a decline in the value of a portfolio security. If such a decline occurs,
the put option will permit the Fund to sell the security at the higher exercise price or to close
out the option at a profit. By using put options in this manner, the Fund will reduce any profit
it might otherwise have realized in the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for
the put option and by its transaction costs. In order for a put option purchased by a Fund to be
profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the
exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund and transaction costs.
Among other reasons, a Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of
securities the Fund anticipates purchasing in the future. If such a price increase occurs, a call
option will permit the Fund to purchase the securities at the exercise price or to close out the
option at a profit. The premium paid for the call option, plus any transaction costs, will reduce
the benefit, if any, that the Fund realizes upon exercise of the option and, unless the price of
the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Fund. Thus, for
a call option purchased by a Fund to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security
must
9
rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Fund to the writer
and transaction costs.
In the case of both call and put options, the purchaser of an option risks losing the premium paid
for the option plus related transaction costs if the option expires worthless.
Writing Options on Securities and Indices.
Because a Fund receives a premium for writing a put or
call option, a Fund may seek to increase its return by writing call or put options on securities or
indices. The premium a Fund receives for writing an option will increase the Funds return in the
event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The size of the premium a Fund
receives reflects, among other things, the relationship of the market price and volatility of the
underlying security or index to the exercise price of the option, the remaining term of the option,
supply and demand, and interest rates.
A Fund may write a call option on a security or other instrument held by the Fund. In such case,
the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the underlying
security above the exercise price of the option. Alternatively, a Fund may write a call option on
securities in which it may invest but that are not currently held by the Fund. During periods of
declining securities prices or when prices are stable, writing these types of call options can be a
profitable strategy to increase a Funds income with minimal capital risk. However, when
securities prices increase, the Fund is exposed to an increased risk of loss, because if the price
of the underlying security or instrument exceeds the options exercise price, the Fund will suffer
a loss equal to the amount by which the market price exceeds the exercise price at the time the
call option is exercised, minus the premium received. Calls written on securities that the Fund
does not own are riskier than calls written on securities owned by the Fund because there is no
underlying security held by the Fund that can act as a partial hedge. When such a call is
exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying security to meet its call obligation or make a
payment equal to the value of its obligation in order to close out the option. Calls written on
securities that the Fund does not own have speculative characteristics and the potential for loss
is unlimited. There is also a risk, especially with less liquid preferred and debt securities,
that the securities may not be available for purchase.
A Fund also may write a put option on a security. In so doing, the Fund assumes the risk that it
may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than its
then-current market price, resulting in a loss on exercise equal to the amount by which the market
price of the security is below the exercise price minus the premium received.
OTC Options
. A Fund may also invest in over-the-counter (OTC) options. OTC options differ from
exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts, with price and other terms negotiated
between the buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as exchange-traded
options.
Closing Options Transactions
.
The holder of an option may terminate its position in a put or call
option it has purchased by allowing it to expire or by exercising the option. If an option is
American style, it may be exercised on any day up to its expiration date. In contrast, a European
style option may be exercised only on its expiration date.
10
In addition, a holder of an option may terminate its obligation prior to the options expiration by
effecting an offsetting closing transaction. In the case of exchange-traded options, a Fund, as a
holder of an option, may effect an offsetting closing sale transaction by selling an option of the
same series as the option previously purchased. A Fund realizes a loss from a closing sale
transaction if the premium received from the sale of the option is less than the premium paid to
purchase the option (plus transaction costs). Similarly, a Fund that has written an option may
effect an offsetting closing purchase transaction by buying an option of the same series as the
option previously written. A Fund realizes a loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost
of the closing purchase transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is greater than the
premium received from writing the option. If a Fund desires to sell a security on which it has
written a call option, it will effect a closing purchase prior to or concurrently with the sale of
the security. There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale can be effected
when a Fund desires to do so.
An OTC option may be closed out only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an
offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out
the option with the counterparty.
No guarantee exists that a Fund will be able to effect a closing purchase or a closing sale with
respect to a specific option at any particular time.
Risk Factors in Options Transactions.
There are various risks associated with transactions in
exchange-traded and OTC options. The value of options written by a Fund, which will be priced
daily, will be affected by, among other factors, changes in the value of underlying securities
(including those comprising an index), changes in the dividend rates of underlying securities
(including those comprising an index), changes in interest rates, changes in the actual or
perceived volatility of the stock market and underlying securities, and the remaining time to an
options expiration. The value of an option also may be adversely affected if the market for the
option is reduced or becomes less liquid. In addition, since an American style option allows the
holder to exercise its rights any time prior to expiration of the option, the writer of an American
style option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligations as a
writer of the option. This risk is not present when writing a European style option since the
holder may only exercise the option on its expiration date.
The Funds ability to use options as part of their investment programs depends on the liquidity of
the markets in those instruments. In addition, there can be no assurance that a liquid market will
exist when a Fund seeks to close out an option position. If a Fund were unable to close out an
option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to
realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. If a Fund were unable to close out a call
option that it had written on a portfolio security owned by the Fund, it would not be able to sell
the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise. As the writer of a call option
on a portfolio security, during the options life, the Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from
increases in the market value of the security underlying the call option above the sum of the
premium and the strike price of the call, but retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received)
should the price of the underlying security decline. Similarly, as the writer of a call option on
a
11
securities index, a Fund foregoes the opportunity to profit from increases in the index over the
strike price of the option, though it retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received) should
the price of the Funds portfolio securities decline.
An exchange-traded option may be closed out by means of an offsetting transaction only on a
national securities exchange (Exchange), which generally provides a liquid secondary market for
an option of the same series. If a liquid secondary market for an exchange-traded option does not
exist, a Fund might not be able to effect an offsetting closing transaction for a particular option
as described above. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an Exchange include
the following: (i) insufficient trading interest in some options; (ii) restrictions by an Exchange
on opening or closing transactions, or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions, or other
restrictions on particular classes or series of options or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or
unforeseen interruptions in normal operations on an Exchange; (v) inability to handle current
trading volume; or (vi) discontinuance of options trading (or trading in a particular class or
series of options) (although outstanding options on an Exchange that were issued by the Options
Clearing Corporation should continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms). In
addition, the hours of trading for options on an Exchange may not conform to the hours during which
the securities held by a Fund are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the
markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the
underlying markets that may not be reflected in the options markets.
The Exchanges have established limits on the maximum number of options an investor or group of
investors acting in concert may write. The Funds, the Manager, and other clients of the Manager
constitute such a group. These limits restrict a Funds ability to purchase or sell options on a
particular security.
An OTC option may be closed out only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an
offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out
the option with the counterparty. See Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts Risk
Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts below for a discussion of
counterparty risk and other risks associated with investing in OTC options.
Each Funds ability to engage in options transactions may be limited by tax considerations.
Currency Options.
Certain Funds may purchase and sell options on currencies. Options on
currencies possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate
in a similar manner. Funds that are permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign
currencies may purchase or sell options on currencies. (See Foreign Currency Transactions below
for more information on those Funds use of currency options.)
Futures.
To the extent consistent with applicable law, a Fund permitted to invest in futures
contracts may invest in futures contracts on, among other things, financial instruments (such as a
U.S. government security or other fixed income security), individual equity securities (single
stock futures), securities indices, interest rates, currencies, inflation indices, and (to the
extent a Fund is permitted to invest in commodities and commodity-related derivatives (as defined
in
12
Commodity-Related Investments below) commodities or commodities indices. Futures contracts on
securities indices are referred to herein as Index Futures.
In particular, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund gains indirect exposure to futures contracts on
various commodities or commodity indices (commodity futures) and options on commodity futures
through its wholly-owned subsidiarys investments in commodity futures contracts.
Commodity futures and certain other types of futures contracts are physically settled (i.e.,
involve the making and taking of delivery of a specified amount of an underlying security or other
asset). For instance, the sale of futures contracts on foreign currencies or financial instruments
creates an obligation of the seller to deliver a specified quantity of an underlying foreign
currency or financial instrument called for in the contract for a stated price at a specified time.
Conversely, the purchase of such futures contracts creates an obligation of the purchaser to pay
for and take delivery of the underlying foreign currency or financial instrument called for in the
contract for a stated price at a specified time. In some cases, the specific instruments delivered
or taken, respectively, on the settlement date are not determined until on or near that date. That
determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the sale or purchase
was made.
Some futures contracts are cash settled (rather than physically settled), which means that the
purchase price is subtracted from the current market value of the instrument and the net amount, if
positive, is paid to the purchaser by the seller of the futures contract and, if negative, is paid
by the purchaser to the seller of the futures contract. In particular, Index Futures are
agreements pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal
to the difference between the value of a securities index at the close of the last trading day of
the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value
of a securities index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical
delivery of these securities is made.
The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or sale of a security or
option in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, an amount of cash, U.S.
government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to a percentage of the face amount of
the futures contract must be deposited with the broker. This amount is known as initial margin.
The amount of the initial margin is generally set by the market on which the contract is traded
(margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than those on U.S. exchanges).
Subsequent payments to and from the broker, known as variation margin, are made on a daily basis as
the price of the underlying futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the
futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking to the market. For futures
contracts which are cash settled, a Fund may designate or segregate liquid assets in an amount
equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market value of such contract. Prior to the settlement date of
the futures contract, the position may be closed by taking an opposite position. A final
determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid to or
released by the broker, and the purchaser realizes a loss or gain. In addition, a commission is
paid to the broker on each completed purchase and sale.
13
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities,
currencies, commodities or other underlying instrument, in most cases, futures contracts are closed
before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery by offsetting purchases or
sales of matching futures contracts (i.e., with the same exchange, underlying
financial instrument, currency, commodity, or index, and delivery month). If the price of the
initial sale exceeds the price of the offsetting purchase, the seller is paid the difference and
realizes a gain. Conversely, if the price of the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of the
initial sale, the seller realizes a loss. Similarly, a purchase of a futures contract is closed
out by selling a corresponding futures contract. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the original
purchase price, the purchaser realizes a gain, and, if the original purchase price exceeds the
offsetting sale price, the purchaser realizes a loss. Any transaction costs must also be included
in these calculations.
In the United States, futures contracts are traded only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade
known as contract markets approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), and
must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm that is a member of the
relevant market. Certain Funds may also purchase futures contracts on foreign exchanges or similar
entities, which are not regulated by the CFTC and may not be subject to the same degree of
regulation as the U.S. contract markets. (See Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures
Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts Traded on Foreign Exchanges below.)
Index Futures.
A Funds purchase and sale of Index Futures is limited to contracts and exchanges
approved by the CFTC. A Fund may close open positions on an exchange on which Index Futures are
traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. In general, all positions that remain
open at the close of business on that day must be settled on the next business day (based on the
value of the relevant index on the expiration day). Additional or different margin requirements as
well as settlement procedures may apply to foreign stock Index Futures.
Interest Rate Futures.
Some Funds may engage in transactions involving the use of futures on
interest rates. These transactions may be in connection with investments in U.S. government
securities and other fixed income securities.
Currency Futures.
Funds that are permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign
currencies may buy and sell futures contracts on currencies. (See Foreign Currency Transactions
below for a description of those Funds use of currency futures.)
Options on Futures Contracts.
Options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return
for the premium paid to assume a long position (in the case of a call option) or a short position
(in the case of a put option) in a futures contract at the option exercise price at any time during
the period of the option (in the case of an American style option) or on the expiration date (in
the case of European style option). Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long
position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the
case of a put option, the holder acquires a short position and the writer is assigned the opposite
long position in the futures contract. Accordingly, in the event that an option is exercised, the
parties
14
will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as
payment of initial and variation margin deposits.
Funds may use options on futures contracts in lieu of writing or buying options directly on the
underlying securities or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to
hedge against a possible decrease in the value of its portfolio securities, a Fund may purchase put
options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling futures contracts.
Similarly, a Fund may hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities the Fund expects
to purchase by purchasing call options or writing put options on futures contracts rather than
purchasing futures contracts. Options on futures contracts generally operate in the same manner as
options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. (See Foreign Currency
Transactions below for a description of some Funds use of options on currency futures.)
A Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on
futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits may vary depending on the nature of the
underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value
of the option, and other futures positions held by the Fund.
A position in an option on a futures contract may be terminated by the purchaser or seller prior to
expiration by effecting a closing purchase or sale transaction, subject to the availability of a
liquid secondary market, which is the purchase or sale of an option of the same type (i.e., the
same exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously purchased or sold. The
difference between the premiums paid and received represents the Funds profit or loss on the
transaction.
Commodity Futures and Options on Commodity Futures.
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund may have
exposure to futures contracts on various commodities or commodities indices and options on
commodity futures. A futures contract on a commodity is an agreement between two parties in which
one party agrees to purchase a commodity, such as an energy, agricultural, or metal commodity, from
the other party at a later date at a price and quantity agreed upon when the contract is made.
Futures contracts on commodities indices operate in a manner similar to Index Futures. While
commodity futures on individual commodities are physically settled, the Manager intends to close
out those futures contracts before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery.
Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions
. Investment in futures contracts involves
risk. A purchase or sale of futures contracts may result in losses in excess of the amount
invested in the futures contract. If a futures contract is used for hedging, an imperfect
correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security,
currency, or other investment being hedged creates risk. Correlation is higher when the investment
being hedged underlies the futures contract. Correlation is lower when the investment being hedged
is different than the instrument underlying the futures contract, such as when a futures contract
on an index of securities or commodities is used to hedge a single security or commodity, a futures
contract on one security (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) or commodity (e.g., gold) is used to hedge a
different security (e.g., a mortgage-backed security) or commodity (e.g., copper), or when a
futures contract in one currency is used to hedge a security
15
denominated in another currency. In
the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures position and the portfolio position (or
anticipated position) intended to be protected, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract
and/or on the portfolio position intended to be protected. The risk of imperfect correlation
generally tends to diminish as the maturity date of the futures contract approaches. To compensate
for imperfect correlations, a Fund may purchase
or sell futures contracts in a greater amount than the hedged investments if the volatility of the
price of the hedged investments is historically greater than the volatility of the futures
contracts. Conversely, a Fund may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of
the price of the hedged investments is historically less than that of the futures contract.
In the case of Index Futures and commodity futures on commodity indices, changes in the price of
those futures contracts may not correlate perfectly with price movements in the relevant index due
to market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit
and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting margin calls, investors may close futures
contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort normal correlations. Second, the
margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the
securities market, resulting in more speculators who may cause temporary price distortions. Third,
trading hours for foreign stock Index Futures may not correspond perfectly to the trading hours of
the foreign exchange to which a particular foreign stock Index Future relates. As a result, the
lack of continuous arbitrage may cause a disparity between the price of foreign stock Index Futures
and the value of the relevant index.
A Fund also may purchase futures contracts (or options on them) as an anticipatory hedge against a
possible increase in the price of a currency in which securities the Fund anticipates purchasing is
denominated. In such instances, the currency may instead decline. If the Fund does not then
invest in those securities, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset
by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
The Funds ability to engage in the futures and options on futures strategies described above
depends on the liquidity of the markets in those instruments. Trading interest in various types of
futures and options on futures cannot be predicted. Therefore, no assurance can be given that a
Fund will be able to utilize these instruments effectively. In addition, there can be no assurance
that a liquid market will exist at a time when a Fund seeks to close out a futures or option on a
futures contract position, and that Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until
the position is closed. The liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely
affected by daily price fluctuation limits established by commodity exchanges to limit the amount
of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has
been reached, no trades of the contract may be entered at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing
the liquidation of open futures positions. In the past, prices have exceeded the daily limit on
several consecutive trading days. Short positions in Index Futures or commodity futures on
commodities indices may be closed out only by purchasing a futures contract on the exchange on
which the Index Futures or commodity futures, as applicable, are traded.
The successful use of futures contracts and related options for hedging and risk management also
depends on the ability of the Manager to forecast correctly the direction and extent of movements
in exchange rates, interest rates, and securities or commodity prices within a given
16
time frame.
For example, to the extent a Fund invests in fixed income securities and interest rates remain
stable (or move in a direction opposite to that anticipated) during the period a futures contract
or related option on those securities is held by a Fund, the Fund would realize a loss on the
futures contract that is not offset by an increase in the value of its portfolio securities. As a
result, the Funds total return would be less than if it had not used the futures.
As discussed above, a Fund that purchases or sells a futures contract is only required to deposit
initial and variation margin as required by relevant CFTC regulations and the rules of the contract
market. Because the purchase of a futures contract obligates the Fund to purchase the underlying
security or other instrument at a set price on a future date, the Funds net asset value will
fluctuate with the value of the security or other instrument as if it were already in the Funds
portfolio. Futures transactions have the effect of investment leverage to the extent the Fund does
not maintain liquid assets equal to the face amount of the contract. If a Fund combines short and
long positions, in addition to possible declines in the values of its investment securities, the
Fund will incur losses if the index underlying the long futures position underperforms the index
underlying the short futures position.
Each Funds ability to engage in futures and options on futures transactions may be limited by tax
considerations.
Additional Risk Associated with Commodity Futures Transactions.
Several additional risks are
associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.
Storage Costs.
The price of a commodity futures contract reflects the storage costs of purchasing
the underlying commodity, including the time value of money invested in the commodity. To the
extent that the storage costs change, the value of the futures contracts may change
correspondingly.
Reinvestment Risk.
In the commodity futures markets, producers of an underlying commodity may sell
futures contracts to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery. To induce speculators to
purchase the other side (the long side) of the contract, the commodity producer generally must sell
the contract at a lower price than the expected futures spot price. Conversely, if most purchasers
of the underlying commodity purchase futures contracts to hedge against a rise in commodity prices,
then speculators will only sell the contract at a higher price than the expected future spot price
of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will
influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected futures spot price. As a result,
when the Manager reinvests the proceeds from a maturing contract, it may purchase a new futures
contract at a higher or lower price than the expected futures spot prices of the maturing contract
or choose to pursue other investments.
Additional Economic Factors.
The value of the commodities underlying commodity futures contracts
may be subject to additional economic and non-economic factors, such as drought, floods or other
weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from substitute products,
transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand, tariffs, and
international economic, political, and regulatory developments. Thus, Alternative
17
Asset
Opportunity Funds wholly-owned subsidiarys investments may be subject to greater volatility than
those of a fund with a broad range of investment alternatives.
See also Commodity-Related Investments below for more discussion of the special risks of
investing in commodity futures, options on commodity futures, and related types of derivatives.
Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts
Traded on Foreign Exchanges.
Options on securities, futures contracts, options on futures
contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not
be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States (which are regulated by
the CFTC) and may be subject to greater risks than trading on domestic exchanges. For example,
some foreign exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a
trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The lack of a common clearing
facility creates counterparty risk. If a counterparty defaults, a Fund normally will have
contractual remedies against that counterparty, but may be unsuccessful in enforcing those
remedies. When seeking to enforce a contractual remedy, a Fund also is subject to the risk that
the parties may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently. If a
dispute occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Fund to
enforce its contractual rights may lead the Fund to decide not to pursue its claims against the
counterparty. A Fund thus assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it
under foreign futures contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund
has incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, unless a Fund hedges against fluctuations in
the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which trading is done on foreign
exchanges, any profits that a Fund might realize in trading could be offset (or worse) by adverse
changes in the exchange rate. The value of foreign options and futures may also be adversely
affected by other factors unique to foreign investing (see Risks of Foreign Investments above).
Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts
Certain Funds may use swap contracts (or swaps) and other two-party contracts for the same or
similar purposes as options and futures. In addition, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund uses swap
contracts (or swaps) on broad-based commodity indices (commodity swaps) and other related
two-party contracts to implement its investment program, including for investment and hedging
purposes. As described in Commodity-Related Investments below, Alternative Asset Opportunity
Fund uses commodity swaps and other commodity-related two-party contracts indirectly through its
wholly-owned subsidiary. In addition, certain of Alternative Asset Opportunity Funds exposure to
financial swap contracts and other related two-party contracts may be obtained indirectly through
its investment in Short-Duration Collateral Fund. (See Uses of Derivatives below for more
information regarding the various derivatives strategies those Funds may employ using swap
contracts and other two-party contracts.)
Swap Contracts.
As described in Uses of Derivatives below, the Funds may directly or indirectly
use various different types of swaps, such as swaps on securities and securities indices, interest
rate swaps, currency swaps, credit default swaps, commodity swaps, inflation swaps, and other types
of available swap agreements, depending on a Funds investment objective and
18
policies. Swap
contracts are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods
ranging from a few weeks to a number of years. Under a typical swap, one party may agree to pay a
fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a specified instrument, rate, or index,
multiplied in each case by a specified amount (notional amount), while the other party agrees to
pay an amount equal to a different floating rate multiplied by the same notional
amount. On each payment date, the parties obligations are netted, with only the net amount paid
by one party to the other.
Swap contracts are typically individually negotiated and structured to provide exposure to a
variety of different types of investments or market factors. Swap contracts may be entered into
for hedging or non-hedging purposes and therefore may increase or decrease a Funds exposure to the
underlying instrument, rate, asset or index. Swaps can take many different forms and are known by
a variety of names. A Fund is not limited to any particular form or variety of swap agreement if
the Manager determines it is consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies.
World Opportunity Overlay Fund and Special Situations Fund may enter into interest rate swaps to
exploit misvaluations in world interest rates and, in the case of World Opportunity Overlay Fund,
to add value relative to the Funds benchmark. In the case of an interest rate swap, the Fund may
agree with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the
counterparty pay a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. To the extent the
floating rate exceeds or falls short of the offsetting fixed rate obligation of the Fund, the Fund
will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty, respectively.
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund indirectly (through its wholly-owned subsidiary) enters into
commodity swaps on one or more broad-based commodities indices (e.g., the Dow Jones-AIG Commodity
Index). In addition, the Fund may indirectly enter into commodity swaps on individual commodities
or baskets of commodities. If the Fund indirectly enters into a commodity swap contract through
its wholly-owned subsidiary (long or short), the Funds net asset value will fluctuate with changes
in the value of the commodity index, basket of commodities, or individual commodity on which the
commodity swap is based. The fluctuation will be the same as if the Fund had purchased the
notional amount of commodities comprising the index, commodities comprising the basket, or
individual commodity, as the case may be.
For example, the parties to a swap contract may agree to exchange returns calculated on a notional
amount of a security, basket of securities, or securities index (e.g., S&P 500 Index). A Fund may
use such swaps to gain investment exposure to the underlying security or securities where direct
ownership is either not legally possible or is economically unattractive. To the extent the total
return of the security, basket of securities, or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls
short of the offsetting interest rate obligation, a Fund will receive a payment from or make a
payment to the counterparty, respectively.
In addition, a Fund may enter into an interest rate swap in order to protect against declines in
the value of fixed income securities held by the Fund. In such an instance, the Fund may agree
with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the counterparty pay
a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. If interest rates rise, resulting in a
19
diminution in the value of the Funds portfolio, the Fund would receive payments under the swap
that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value. A Fund may also enter into swaps
to modify its exposure to particular currencies using currency swaps. For instance, a Fund may
enter into a currency swap between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese Yen in order to increase or
decrease its exposure to each such currency.
A Fund may use inflation swaps, which involve commitments to pay a regular stream of inflation
indexed cash payments in exchange for receiving a stream of nominal interest payments (or vice
versa), where both payment streams are based on a notional amount. The nominal interest payments
may be based on either a fixed interest rate or variable interest rate, such as LIBOR. Inflation
swaps may be used to hedge the inflation risk in nominal bonds (i.e., non-inflation indexed bonds),
thereby creating synthetic inflation indexed bonds, or combined with U.S. Treasury futures
contracts to create synthetic inflation indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury. See Indexed
Securities Inflation Indexed Bonds below.
In addition, a Fund may directly or, in the case of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, indirectly
(through Short-Duration Collateral Fund) use credit default swaps to take an active long or short
position with respect to the likelihood of default by corporate (including asset-backed security)
or sovereign issuers. In a credit default swap, one party pays, in effect, an insurance premium
through a stream of payments to another party in exchange for the right to receive a specified
return in the event of default (or similar events) by one or more third parties on their
obligations. For example, in purchasing a credit default swap, a Fund may pay a premium in return
for the right to put specified bonds or loans to the counterparty, such as a U.S. or foreign issuer
or basket of such issuers, upon issuer default (or similar events) at their par (or other
agreed-upon) value. A Fund, as the purchaser in a credit default swap, bears the risk that the
investment might expire worthless. It also would be subject to counterparty risk the risk that
the counterparty may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund in the event of a default
(or similar event) (see Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party
Contracts below). In addition, as a purchaser in a credit default swap, the Funds investment
would only generate income in the event of an actual default (or similar event) by the issuer of
the underlying obligation.
A Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes by selling a credit default swap,
in which case the Fund will receive a premium from its counterparty in return for the Funds taking
on the obligation to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value to the counterparty upon issuer
default (or similar events). As the seller in a credit default swap, a Fund effectively adds
economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund is
subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If no event of default (or
similar event) occurs, the Fund would keep the premium received from the counterparty and would
have no payment obligations.
Contracts for Differences.
Contracts for differences are swap arrangements in which the parties
agree that their return (or loss) will be based on the relative performance of two different groups
or baskets of securities. Often, one or both baskets will be an established securities index. The
Funds return will be based on changes in value of theoretical long futures positions in the
securities comprising one basket (with an aggregate face value equal to the notional amount of
20
the
contract for differences) and theoretical short futures positions in the securities comprising the
other basket. A Fund also may use actual long and short futures positions and achieve similar
market exposure by netting the payment obligations of the two contracts. A Fund will only enter
into contracts for differences (and analogous futures positions) when the Manager believes that the
basket of securities constituting the long position will outperform the basket
constituting the short position. If the short basket outperforms the long basket, the Fund will
realize a loss even in circumstances when the securities in both the long and short baskets
appreciate in value. In addition, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund may use contracts for
differences that are based on the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of
commodities. Often, one or both baskets is a commodities index. Contracts for differences on
commodities operate in a similar manner to contracts for differences on securities described above.
Interest Rate Caps, Floors, and Collars.
The Funds may use interest rate caps, floors, and collars
for the same or similar purposes as they use interest rate futures contracts and related options
and, as a result, will be subject to similar risks. See Options and Futures Risk Factors in
Options Transactions and Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions above.
Like interest rate swap contracts, interest rate caps, floors, and collars are two-party agreements
in which the parties agree to pay or receive interest on a notional principal amount. The
purchaser of an interest rate cap receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the
return on a specified index exceeds a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate
floor receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index
falls below a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate collar receives interest
payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls outside the range
of two specified interest rates.
Swaptions
.
An option on a swap agreement, also called a swaption, is an OTC option that gives
the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a specified future date in
exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to
receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index (such as a call option on a
bond). A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset,
reference rate, or index (such as a put option on a bond). Swaptions also include options that
allow one of the counterparties to terminate or extend an existing swap.
Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts
.
The most significant
factor in the performance of swaps, contracts for differences, caps, floors, and collars is the
change in the value of the underlying price, rate, or index level that determines the amount of
payments to be made under the arrangement. If the Manager is incorrect in its forecasts of such
factors, the investment performance of a Fund would be less than what it would have been if these
investment techniques had not been used. If a swap or other two-party contract calls for payments
by a Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due.
In addition, a Fund may only close out a swap, contract for differences, cap, floor, collar, or OTC
option (including swaption) with its particular counterparty, and may only transfer a position with
the consent of that counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, a Fund will have contractual
remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual
21
obligations or that the Fund will be able to enforce its rights. For example, because the contract
for each OTC derivatives transaction is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, a
Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the
definition of default) differently than the Fund. The cost and unpredictability of the legal
proceedings required for the Fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to
pursue its
claims against the counterparty. The Fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to
obtain payments the Manager believes are owed to it under an OTC derivatives contract or that those
payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation.
Typically, a Fund will enter into these transactions only with counterparties or their guarantors
that, at the time they enter into a transaction, have long-term debt ratings of A or higher by
Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or Standard & Poors (S&P) (or have comparable credit
ratings as determined by the Manager). Short-term derivatives may be entered into with
counterparties that do not have
long-term debt ratings if they have short-term debt ratings of A-1
by S&P and/or a comparable rating by Moodys. The credit rating of a counterparty may be adversely
affected by larger-than-average volatility in the markets, even if the counterpartys net market
exposure is small relative to its capital.
Each Funds ability to enter into these transactions may be affected by tax considerations.
Additional Regulatory Limitations on the Use of Futures and Related Options, Interest Rate Floors,
Caps and Collars, Certain Types of Swap Contracts and Related Instruments
.
Each Fund has claimed
an exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act and,
therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under that
Act.
With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, the Manager, who is registered with the CFTC as
a commodity pool operator and a commodity trading adviser, has advised the Fund and its
wholly-owned subsidiary that the Manager has claimed an exemption with respect to the subsidiary
from certain requirements of Part 4 of the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to offerings to
qualified eligible persons, as that term is defined in Rule 4.7 of that Act. Pursuant to the
exemption under Rule 4.7 in connection with accounts of qualified eligible persons, no brochure or
account document relating to the subsidiary is required to be, nor has been, filed with the CFTC.
The CFTC does not pass upon the merits of participating in a trading program or upon the adequacy
or accuracy of commodity trading adviser disclosure. Consequently, the CFTC has not reviewed or
approved the subsidiarys trading program or this or any other brochure or account document.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They
generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets, the
relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest
rates, and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably as a
result of intervention (or the failure to intervene) by the U.S. or foreign governments or central
banks, or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. Foreign
22
currencies
in which a Funds assets are denominated may be devalued against the U.S. dollar, resulting in a
loss to the Fund.
Funds that are permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies may buy or sell
foreign currencies or deal in forward foreign currency contracts, currency futures contracts and
related options, and options on currencies. Those Funds may use such currency instruments for
hedging, investment, or currency risk management. Currency risk management may include taking
active long or short currency positions relative to both the securities portfolio of a Fund and the
Funds performance benchmark. Those Funds also may purchase forward foreign exchange contracts in
conjunction with U.S. dollar-denominated securities in order to create a synthetic foreign currency
denominated security that approximates desired risk and return characteristics when the
non-synthetic securities either are not available in foreign markets or possess undesirable
characteristics.
Forward foreign currency contracts are contracts between two parties to purchase and sell a
specified quantity of a particular currency at a specified price, with delivery and settlement to
take place on a specified future date. A forward foreign currency contract can reduce a Funds
exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will deliver and can increase its exposure to
changes in the value of the currency it will receive for the duration of the contract. The effect
on the value of a Fund is similar to the effect of selling securities denominated in one currency
and purchasing securities denominated in another currency. Contracts to sell a particular foreign
currency would limit any potential gain that might be realized by a Fund if the value of the hedged
currency increases.
A Fund also may purchase or sell currency futures contracts and related options. Currency futures
contracts are contracts to buy or sell a standard quantity of a particular currency at a specified
future date and price. However, currency futures can be and often are closed out prior to delivery
and settlement. In addition, a Fund may use options on currency futures contracts, which give
their holders the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in
the case of a put option) a specified currency futures contract at a fixed price during a specified
period. (See Options and FuturesFutures above for more information on futures contracts and
options on futures contracts).
A Fund also may purchase or sell options on currencies. These give their holders the right, but
not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a
specified quantity of a particular currency at a fixed price during a specified period. Options on
currencies possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and generally operate
in a similar manner. They may be traded on an exchange or in the OTC markets. Options on
currencies traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits, which may limit the
ability of a Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using options. (See Options and
FuturesCurrency Options above for more information on currency options).
Repurchase Agreements
A Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers. A repurchase agreement
is a contract under which the Fund acquires a security (usually an obligation of the
23
government in
the jurisdiction where the transaction is initiated or in whose currency the agreement is
denominated) for a relatively short period (usually less than a week) for cash and subject to the
commitment of the seller to repurchase the security for an agreed-upon price on a specified date.
The repurchase price exceeds the acquisition price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate
unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Repurchase agreements
afford a Fund the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash without market risk,
although the Fund does run the risk of a sellers defaulting on its obligation to pay the
repurchase price when it is required to do so. Such a default may subject the Fund to expenses,
delays, and risks of loss including: (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security
while the Fund seeks to enforce its rights, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of
access to income during this period, and (iii) the inability to enforce its rights and the expenses
involved in attempted enforcement.
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Generally
Debt and other fixed income securities include fixed and floating rate securities of any maturity.
Fixed rate securities pay a specified rate of interest or dividends. Floating rate securities pay
a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to a specified index or market rate. Fixed and
floating rate securities include securities issued by federal, state, local, and foreign
governments and related agencies, and by a wide range of private issuers, and generally are
referred to in this Statement of Additional Information as fixed income securities. Indexed
bonds are a type of fixed income security whose principal value and/or interest rate is adjusted
periodically according to a specified instrument, index, or other statistic (e.g., another
security, inflation index, currency, or commodity). See Adjustable Rate Securities and Indexed
Securities below.
Holders of fixed income securities are exposed to both market and credit risk. Market risk (or
interest rate risk) relates to changes in a securitys value as a result of changes in interest
rates. In general, the values of fixed income securities increase when interest rates fall and
decrease when interest rates rise. Credit risk relates to the ability of an issuer to make
payments of principal and interest. Obligations of issuers are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency
and other laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. Fixed income securities
denominated in
foreign currencies also are subject to the risk of a decline in the value of the denominating
currency.
Because interest rates vary, the future income of a Fund that invests in fixed income securities
cannot be predicted with certainty. The future income of a Fund that invests in indexed securities
also will be affected by changes in those securities indices over time (e.g., changes in inflation
rates, currency rates, or commodity prices).
Cash and Other High Quality Investments
Certain Funds may temporarily invest a portion of their assets in cash or cash items pending other
investments or to maintain liquid assets required in connection with some of the Funds
investments. These cash items and other high quality debt securities may include money market
24
instruments, such as securities issued by the United States Government and its agencies, bankers
acceptances, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit.
Special Purpose Holding Fund expects that any new Fund investments will be made primarily in cash,
cash items, and high quality debt securities, as described in Fund SummaryPrincipal investment
strategies in the Private Placement Memorandum.
U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities
U.S. government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its
authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities. Foreign government securities include securities
issued or guaranteed by foreign governments (including political subdivisions) or their
authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities or by supra-national agencies. Different kinds of U.S.
government securities and foreign government securities have different kinds of government support.
For example, some U.S. government securities (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) are supported by the full
faith and credit of the United States. Other U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed
by federal agencies or government-chartered or -sponsored enterprises but are neither guaranteed
nor insured by the U.S. government (e.g., debt securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation (Freddie Mac), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), and Federal Home
Loan Banks (FHLBs)). Similarly, some foreign government securities are supported by the full
faith and credit of a foreign national government or political subdivision and some are not.
Foreign government securities of some countries may involve varying degrees of credit risk as a
result of financial or political instability in those countries or the possible inability of a Fund
to enforce its rights against the foreign government. As with issuers of other fixed income
securities, sovereign issuers may be unable or unwilling to make timely principal or interest
payments.
Supra-national agencies are agencies whose member nations make capital contributions to support the
agencies activities. Examples include the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(the World Bank), the Asian Development Bank, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the
Inter-American Development Bank.
As with other fixed income securities, U.S. government securities and foreign government securities
expose their holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates
fluctuate. For example, the value of U.S. government securities or foreign government securities
may fall during times of rising interest rates. Yields on U.S. government securities and foreign
government securities tend to be lower than those of corporate securities of comparable maturities.
In addition to investing directly in U.S. government securities and foreign government securities,
a Fund may purchase certificates of accrual or similar instruments evidencing undivided ownership
interests in interest payments and/or principal payments of U.S. government securities and foreign
government securities. Certificates of accrual and similar instruments may be more volatile than
other government securities.
25
Municipal Securities
Municipal obligations are issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the
United States and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities and the District of
Columbia to obtain funds for various public purposes. Municipal obligations are subject to more
credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the
United States. As with other fixed income securities, municipal securities also expose their
holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates fluctuate. The two
principal classifications of municipal obligations are notes and bonds.
Municipal notes are generally used to provide for short-term capital needs, such as to finance
working capital needs of municipalities or to provide various interim or construction financing,
and generally have maturities of one year or less. They are generally payable from specific
revenues expected to be received at a future date or are issued in anticipation of long-term
financing to be obtained in the market to provide for the repayment of the note.
Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than
one year when issued, have two principal classifications: general obligation bonds and revenue
bonds. Issuers of general obligation bonds, the proceeds of which are used to fund a wide range of
public projects including the construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, water and
sewer systems and a variety of other public purposes, include states, counties, cities, towns and
regional districts. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuers pledge of
its full faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest.
Revenue bonds have been issued to fund a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas,
water and sewer systems; highways, bridges and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and
universities; and hospitals. The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net
revenues derived from a particular facility or group of facilities or, in some cases, from the
proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Although the principal security
behind these bonds varies widely, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service
reserve fund whose monies may also be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuers
obligations. In addition to a debt service reserve fund, some authorities provide further security
in the form of a states ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt reserve
fund.
Securities purchased for a Fund may include variable/floating rate instruments, variable mode
instruments, put bonds, and other obligations that have a specified maturity date but also are
payable before maturity after notice by the holder. There are, in addition, a variety of hybrid
and special types of municipal obligations as well as numerous differences in the security of
municipal obligations both within and between the two principal classifications (i.e., notes and
bonds).
See Taxes below for a discussion of the tax treatment of municipal obligations for Special
Situations Fund shareholders.
26
Real Estate Investment Trusts and other Real Estate-Related Investments
Certain Funds may invest in pooled real estate investment vehicles (so-called real estate
investment trusts or REITs) and other real estate-related investments such as securities of
companies principally engaged in the real estate industry. In addition to REITs, companies in the
real estate industry and real estate-related investments may include, for example, entities that
either own properties or make construction or mortgage loans, real estate developers, and
companies with substantial real estate holdings. Each of these types of investments is subject to
risks similar to those associated with direct ownership of real estate. Factors affecting real
estate values include the supply of real property in certain markets, changes in zoning laws,
delays in completion of construction, environmental liability risks, changes in real estate values,
changes in property taxes and operating expenses, levels of occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover
operating expenses, and local and regional markets for competing asset classes. The value of real
estate also may be affected by changes in interest rates and social and economic trends.
REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest in real estate or real estate-related companies.
The Funds may invest in different types of REITs, including equity REITs, which own real estate
directly; mortgage REITs, which make construction, development, or long-term mortgage loans; and
hybrid REITs, which share characteristics of equity REITs and mortgage REITs. In general, the
value of a REITs shares changes in light of factors affecting the real estate industry. REITs are
also subject to the risk of poor performance by the REITs manager, defaults by borrowers,
self-liquidation, adverse changes in the tax laws, and, with regard to U.S. REITs (as defined in
Taxes below), the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code
and/or to maintain exempt status under the 1940 Act. See Taxes below for a discussion of special
tax considerations relating to a Funds investment in U.S. REITs.
Asset-Backed and Related Securities
An asset-backed security is a fixed income security that predominantly derives its creditworthiness
from cash flows relating to a pool of assets. There are a number of different types of
asset-backed and related securities, including mortgage-backed securities, securities backed by
other pools of collateral (such as automobile loans, credit- card receivables, and home equity
loans), collateralized mortgage obligations, and collateralized debt obligations, each of which is
described in more detail below.
Mortgage-Backed Securities.
Mortgage-backed securities are asset-backed securities backed by pools
of residential and commercial mortgages, which may include sub-prime mortgages. Mortgage-backed
securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those
whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government, such as Freddie Mac,
Fannie Mae, and FHLBs), foreign governments (or their agencies or instrumentalities), or
non-governmental issuers. Interest and principal payments (including prepayments) on the mortgage
loans underlying mortgage-backed securities pass through to the holders of the mortgage-backed
securities. Prepayments occur when the mortgagor on an individual mortgage loan prepays the
remaining principal before the loans scheduled maturity date. Unscheduled prepayments of the
underlying mortgage loans may result in early payment of the applicable mortgage-backed securities
held by a Fund. The Fund may be
27
unable to invest prepayments in an investment that provides as
high a yield as the mortgage-backed securities. Consequently, early payment associated with
mortgage-backed securities may cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and
yield volatility than traditional fixed income securities. Many factors affect the rate of
mortgage loan prepayments, including changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, the
location of the property underlying the mortgage, the age of the mortgage loan, and social and
demographic conditions. During periods of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage loan
prepayments usually increases, which
tends to decrease the life of mortgage-backed securities. During periods of rising interest rates,
the rate of mortgage loan prepayments usually decreases, which tends to increase the life of
mortgage-backed securities. If the life of a mortgage-backed security is inaccurately predicted,
the Fund may not be able to realize the rate of return it expected.
Mortgage-backed securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, depending on whether they
are issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those whose
securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government) or by non-governmental
issuers. Although there is generally a liquid market for these investments, those securities
issued by private organizations may not be readily marketable, and since 2007 certain
mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities have experienced limited liquidity. In addition,
mortgage-backed securities are subject to the risk of loss of principal if the obligors of the
underlying obligations default in their payment obligations, and to certain other risks described
in Other Asset-Backed Securities below. The risk of defaults associated with mortgage-backed
securities is generally higher in the case of mortgage-backed investments that include sub-prime
mortgages.
Mortgage-backed securities may include Adjustable Rate Securities as such term is defined in
Adjustable Rate Securities below.
Other Asset-Backed Securities.
Similar to mortgage-backed securities, other types of asset-backed
securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government (including those
whose securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government), foreign governments
(or their agencies or instrumentalities), or non-governmental issuers. These securities include
securities backed by pools of automobile loans, educational loans, home equity loans, and
credit-card receivables. The underlying pools of assets are securitized through the use of trusts
and special purpose entities. These securities may be subject to risks associated with changes in
interest rates and prepayment of underlying obligations similar to the risks of investment in
mortgage-backed securities described immediately above.
Payment of interest on asset-backed securities and repayment of principal largely depends on the
cash flows generated by the underlying assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, may be
supported by letters of credit, surety bonds, or other credit enhancements. The amount of market
risk associated with asset-backed securities depends on many factors, including the deal structure
(i.e., determinations as to the amount of underlying assets or other support needed to produce the
cash flows necessary to service interest and make principal payments), the quality of the
underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit
quality of the credit-support provider, if any. Asset-backed securities involve risk of loss of
28
principal if obligors of the underlying obligations default and the amounts defaulted exceed the
securities credit support.
The value of an asset-backed security may be affected by the factors described above and other
factors, such as the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the
creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the underlying assets, or
the entities providing the credit enhancement. The value of asset-backed securities also can
depend on the ability of their servicers to service the underlying collateral and is, therefore,
subject to
risks associated with servicers performance. In some circumstances, a servicers or originators
mishandling of documentation related to the underlying collateral (e.g., failure to properly
document a security interest in the underlying collateral) may affect the rights of the security
holders in and to the underlying collateral. In addition, the insolvency of entities that generate
receivables or that utilize the underlying assets may result in a decline in the value of the
underlying assets as well as costs and delays.
Certain types of asset-backed securities present additional risks that are not presented by
mortgage-backed securities. In particular, certain types of asset-backed securities may not have
the benefit of a security interest in the related assets. For example, many securities backed by
credit-card receivables are unsecured. In addition, a Fund may invest in securities backed by
unsecured commercial or industrial loans or unsecured corporate or sovereign debt (see
Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) below). Even when security interests are present, the
ability of an issuer of certain types of asset-backed securities to enforce those interests may be
more limited than that of an issuer of mortgage-backed securities. For instance, automobile
receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than by real property. Most issuers
of automobile receivables permit loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying assets. In
addition, because of the large number of underlying vehicles involved in a typical issue of
asset-backed securities and technical requirements under state law, the trustee for the holders of
the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in all of the automobiles.
Therefore, recoveries on repossessed automobiles may not be available to support payments on these
securities.
In addition, certain types of asset-backed securities may experience losses on the underlying
assets as a result of certain rights provided to consumer debtors under federal and state law. In
the case of certain consumer debt, such as credit-card debt, debtors are entitled to the protection
of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to
set off certain amounts owed on their credit-cards (or other debt), thereby reducing their balances
due. For instance, a debtor may be able to offset certain damages for which a court has determined
that the creditor is liable to the debtor against amounts owed to the creditor by the debtor on his
or her credit-card.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs); Strips and Residuals.
A CMO is a debt obligation
backed by a portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-backed securities held under an indenture. The
issuer of a CMO generally pays interest and prepaid principal on a monthly basis. These payments
are secured by the underlying portfolio, which typically includes mortgage pass-through securities
guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or the Government National
29
Mortgage Association (Ginnie
Mae) and their income streams, and which also may include whole mortgage loans and private
mortgage bonds.
CMOs are issued in multiple classes, often referred to as tranches. Each class has a different
maturity and is entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including
pre-payments.
In a typical CMO transaction, the issuer of the CMO bonds uses proceeds from the CMO offering to
buy mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (the Collateral). The issuer
then pledges the Collateral to a third party trustee as security for the CMOs. The issuer uses
principal and interest payments from the Collateral to pay principal on the CMOs, paying the
tranche with the earliest maturity first. Thus, the issuer pays no principal on a tranche until
all other tranches with earlier maturities are paid in full. The early retirement of a particular
class or series has the same effect as the prepayment of mortgage loans underlying a
mortgage-backed pass-through security.
CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or
other asset-backed securities.
The Funds also may invest in CMO residuals, which are issued by agencies or instrumentalities of
the U.S. government or by private lenders of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings
and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, and investment banks. A CMO
residual represents excess cash flow generated by the Collateral after the issuer of the CMO makes
all required principal and interest payments and after the issuers management fees and
administrative expenses have been paid. Thus, CMO residuals have value only to the extent income
from the Collateral exceeds the amount necessary to satisfy the issuers debt obligations on all
other outstanding CMOs. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on,
among other things, the characterization of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of
CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses, and the pre-payment
experience on the mortgage assets.
CMOs also include certificates representing undivided interests in payments of interest-only or
principal-only (IO/PO Strips) on the underlying mortgages.
IO/PO Strips and CMO residuals tend to be more volatile than other types of securities. If the
underlying securities are prepaid, holders of IO/PO Strips and CMO residuals may lose a substantial
portion or the entire value of their investment. In addition, if a CMO pays interest at an
adjustable rate, the cash flows on the related CMO residual will be extremely sensitive to rate
adjustments.
Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs).
A Fund may invest in CDOs, which include collateralized
bond obligations (CBOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), and other similarly structured
securities. CBOs and CLOs are asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust or other special purpose
vehicle backed by a pool of fixed income securities. A CLO is an obligation of a trust typically
collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include domestic and
30
foreign senior secured and
unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below
investment-grade, or equivalent unrated loans.
For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called
tranches, which vary in risk and yield. The riskier portions are the residual, equity, and
subordinate tranches, which bear some or all of the risk of default by the bonds or loans in the
trust, and therefore protects the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most
severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche of a CBO
trust or CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities,
and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection provided by the riskier tranches, senior
CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity
to defaults due to collateral default, the total loss of the riskier tranches due to losses in the
collateral, market anticipation of defaults, fraud by the trust, and the illiquidity of CBO or CLO
securities.
The risks of an investment in a CDO largely depend on the type of underlying collateral securities
and the tranche in which a Fund invests. Typically, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately
offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, a Fund may
characterize its investments in CDOs as illiquid, unless an active dealer market for a particular
CDO allows the CDO to be purchased and sold in Rule 144A transactions. CDOs are subject to the
typical risks associated with debt instruments discussed elsewhere in this Statement of Additional
Information and the relevant Private Placement Memoranda (e.g., interest rate risk and default
risk). Additional risks of CDOs include: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral
securities will be insufficient to make interest or other payments, (ii) a decline in the quality
of the collateral, and (iii) the possibility that a Fund may invest in a subordinate tranche of a
CDO. In addition, due to the complex nature of a CDO, an investment in a CDO may not perform as
expected. An investment in a CDO also is subject to the risk that the issuer and the investors may
interpret the terms of the instrument differently, giving rise to disputes.
Adjustable Rate Securities
Adjustable rate securities are securities with interest rates that reset at periodic intervals,
usually by reference to an interest rate index or market interest rate. Adjustable rate securities
include U.S. government securities and securities of other issuers. Some adjustable rate
securities are backed by pools of mortgage loans. Although the rate adjustment feature may act as
a buffer to reduce sharp changes in the value of adjustable rate securities, changes in market
interest rates or changes in the issuers creditworthiness may still affect their value. Because
the interest rate is reset only periodically, changes in the interest rates on adjustable rate
securities may lag changes in prevailing market interest rates. Also, some adjustable rate
securities (or, in the case of securities backed by mortgage loans, the underlying mortgages) are
subject to caps or floors that limit the maximum change in interest rate during a specified period
or over the life of the security. Because of the rate adjustments, adjustable rate securities are
less likely than non-adjustable rate securities of comparable quality and maturity to increase
significantly in value when market interest rates fall.
31
Below Investment Grade Securities
Some Funds may invest some or all of their assets in securities rated below investment grade (that
is, rated lower than Baa3 by Moodys or BBB- by S&P, or securities unrated by Moodys or S&P that
are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality to securities so rated) at the time of
purchase, including securities in the lowest rating categories and comparable unrated securities
(Below Investment Grade Securities) (commonly referred to as junk bonds). In addition, some
Funds may hold securities that are downgraded to below-investment-grade status after the time of
purchase by the Funds. Compared to higher quality fixed income securities, Below Investment Grade
Securities offer the potential for higher investment returns but subject
holders to greater credit and market risk. The ability of an issuer of Below Investment Grade
Securities to meet principal and interest payments is considered speculative. A Funds investments
in Below Investment Grade Securities are more dependent on the Managers own credit analysis than
its investments in higher quality bonds. The market for Below Investment Grade Securities may be
more severely affected than other financial markets by economic recession or substantial interest
rate increases, changing public perceptions, or legislation that limits the ability of certain
categories of financial institutions to invest in Below Investment Grade Securities. In addition,
the market may be less liquid for Below Investment Grade Securities than for other types of
securities. Reduced liquidity can affect the values of Below Investment Grade Securities, make
their valuation and sale more difficult, and result in greater volatility. Because Below
Investment Grade Securities are difficult to value, particularly during erratic markets, the values
realized on their sale may differ from the values at which they are carried by a Fund. Some Below
Investment Grade Securities in which a Fund invests may be in poor standing or in default.
Securities in the lowest investment-grade category (BBB or Baa) also have some speculative
characteristics. See Appendix BCommercial Paper and Corporate Debt Ratings for more information
concerning commercial paper and corporate debt ratings.
Zero Coupon Securities
A Fund investing in zero coupon fixed income securities accrues interest income at a fixed rate
based on initial purchase price and length to maturity, but the securities do not pay interest in
cash on a current basis. The Fund is required to distribute the accrued income to its
shareholders, even though the Fund is not receiving the income in cash on a current basis. Thus, a
Fund may have to sell other investments to obtain cash to make income distributions. The market
value of zero coupon securities is often more volatile than that of non-zero coupon fixed income
securities of comparable quality and maturity. Zero coupon securities include IO/PO Strips.
Indexed Securities
Indexed securities are securities the redemption values and/or coupons of which are indexed to a
specific instrument, index, or other statistic. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are
debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to
other securities, securities or inflation indices, currencies, precious metals or other
commodities,
32
or other financial indicators. For example, the maturity value of gold-indexed
securities depends on the price of gold and, therefore, their price tends to rise and fall with
gold prices.
The performance of indexed securities depends on the performance of the security, security index,
inflation index, currency, or other instrument to which they are indexed. Interest rate changes in
the U.S. and abroad also may influence performance. Indexed securities also are subject to the
credit risks of the issuer, and their values are adversely affected by declines in the issuers
creditworthiness.
A Funds investments in certain indexed securities, including inflation indexed bonds, may generate
taxable income in excess of the interest they pay to the Fund. See Distributions and Taxes in
the Private Placement Memoranda and Distributions and Taxes in this Statement of Additional
Information.
Currency-Indexed Securities.
Currency-indexed securities have maturity values or interest rates
determined by reference to the values of one or more foreign currencies. Currency-indexed
securities also may have maturity values or interest rates that depend on the values of a number of
different foreign currencies relative to each other.
Inverse Floating Obligations.
Indexed securities in which a Fund may invest include so-called
inverse floating obligations or residual interest bonds on which the interest rates typically
decline as the index or reference rates, typically short-term interest rates, increase and increase
as index or reference rates decline. An inverse floating obligation may have the effect of
investment leverage to the extent that its interest rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the
magnitude of the change in the index or reference rate of interest. Generally, leverage will
result in greater price volatility.
Inflation-Indexed Bonds.
Some Funds may invest in inflation-indexed bonds. Inflation-indexed
bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value is adjusted periodically according to the
rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a
structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out
the Consumer Price Index (CPI) accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.
Inflation-indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury (or TIPS) have maturities of approximately
five, ten or twenty years (thirty-year TIPS are no longer offered), although it is possible that
securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. U.S. Treasury securities pay
interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal
amount. For example, if a Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and
a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and the rate of inflation over the
first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first
semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second
half of the year resulted in the whole years inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of
the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times
1.5%).
33
If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed
bonds will be adjusted downward and, consequently, the interest payable on these securities
(calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original
bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of a TIPS, even
during a period of deflation, although the inflation-adjusted principal received could be less than
the inflation-adjusted principal that had accrued to the bond at the time of purchase. However,
the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. A Fund also may invest
in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee
of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be
less than the original principal.
The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest
rates. Real interest rates, in turn, are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates
(i.e., stated interest rates) and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises
at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an
increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a
faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of
inflation-indexed bonds. There can be no assurance, however, that the value of inflation-indexed
bonds will be directly correlated to changes in nominal interest rates, and short term increases in
inflation may lead to a decline in their value.
Although inflation-indexed bonds protect their holders from long-term inflationary trends,
short-term increases in inflation may result in a decline in value. In addition, inflation-indexed
bonds do not protect holders from increases in interest rates due to reasons other than inflation
(such as changes in currency exchange rates).
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The
CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing,
food, transportation, and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign government are
generally adjusted to reflect changes in a comparable inflation index calculated by the foreign
government. No assurance can be given that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will
accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. In addition, no
assurance can be given that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will correlate to the rate
of inflation in the United States.
Coupon payments received by a Fund from inflation-indexed bonds are included in the Funds gross
income for the period in which they accrue. In addition, any increase in the principal amount of
an inflation indexed bond constitutes taxable ordinary income to investors in the Fund, even though
principal is not paid until maturity.
Structured Notes
Similar to indexed securities, structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate
or principal of which is determined by reference to changes in the value of a specific asset,
reference rate, or index (the reference) or the relative change in two or more references. The
34
interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may increase or decrease,
depending upon changes in the reference. The terms of a structured note may provide that, in
certain circumstances, no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, may result in a loss of
invested capital. Structured notes may be indexed positively or negatively, so that appreciation
of the reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the principal
at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rate or the value of the principal at maturity
may be fixed at a specified multiple of the change in the value of the reference, making the value
of the note particularly volatile.
Structured notes may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities
because the investor bears the risk of the reference. Structured notes also may be more volatile,
less liquid, and more difficult to price accurately than less complex securities or more
traditional debt securities.
Firm Commitments and When-Issued Securities
Some Funds may enter into firm commitments and similar agreements with banks or broker-dealers for
the purchase or sale of securities at an agreed-upon price on a specified future date. For
example, a Fund that invests in fixed-income securities may enter into a firm commitment agreement
if the Manager anticipates a decline in interest rates and believes it is able to obtain a more
advantageous future yield by committing currently to purchase securities to be issued later. When
a Fund purchases securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, it is required to maintain
cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid securities in an amount equal to or greater than,
on a daily basis, the amount of the Funds when-issued or delayed-delivery commitments. A Fund
generally does not earn income on the securities it has committed to purchase until after delivery.
A Fund may take delivery of the securities or, if deemed advisable as a matter of investment
strategy, may sell the securities before the settlement date. When payment is due on when-issued
or delayed-delivery securities, the Fund makes payment from then-available cash flow or the sale of
securities, or from the sale of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities themselves (which
may have a value greater or less than what the Fund paid for them).
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Roll Agreements
Some Funds may enter into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements with banks and
brokers to enhance return. Reverse repurchase agreements involve sales by a Fund of portfolio
securities concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the same securities at a later
date at a fixed price. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to
receive principal and interest payments on the securities and also has the opportunity to earn a
return on the collateral furnished by the counterparty to secure its obligation to redeliver the
securities.
Dollar rolls are transactions in which a Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month
and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities
on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund foregoes principal and interest paid
on the securities. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and
35
the forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the drop) as well as by the
interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
A Fund that enters into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll agreements maintains cash,
U.S. government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to its obligations under those
agreements. If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll agreement files for
bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Funds use of proceeds from the sale of its securities may be
restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines whether to enforce the
Funds obligation to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls are
not
considered borrowings by a Fund for purposes of a Funds fundamental investment restriction on
borrowings.
Commodity-Related Investments
As noted in the Principal investment strategies section of Alternative Asset Opportunity Funds
Private Placement Memorandum, the Fund seeks indirect exposure to investment returns of
commodities, including a range of assets with tangible properties, such as oil, natural gas,
agricultural products (e.g., wheat, corn, and livestock), precious metals (e.g., gold and silver),
industrial metals (e.g., copper), and softs (e.g., cocoa, coffee, and sugar). Alternative Asset
Opportunity Fund obtains such exposure by investing in shares of a wholly-owned subsidiary company,
which, in turn, primarily invests in commodity-related derivatives (as defined below). GMO serves
as the investment manager to the subsidiary but does not receive any additional management or other
fees for such services.
Commodity prices can be extremely volatile and may be directly or indirectly affected by many
factors, including changes in overall market movements, real or perceived inflationary trends,
commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates, population growth
and changing demographics, and factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as
drought, floods, or other weather conditions, livestock disease, trade embargoes, competition from
substitute products, transportation bottlenecks or shortages, fluctuations in supply and demand,
tariffs, and international economic, political, and regulatory developments. In addition, some
commodities are subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors, and
others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of prices for certain
raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials.
Actions of and changes in governments, and political and economic instability, in
commodity-producing and -exporting countries may affect the production and marketing of
commodities. In addition, commodity-related industries throughout the world are subject to greater
political, environmental, and other governmental regulation than many other industries. Changes in
government policies and the need for regulatory approvals may adversely affect the products and
services of companies in the commodities industries. For example, the exploration, development,
and distribution of coal, oil, and gas in the United States are subject to significant federal and
state regulation, which may affect rates of return on coal, oil, and gas and the kinds of services
that the federal and state governments may offer to companies in those industries. In addition,
compliance with environmental and other safety regulations has caused many companies in
commodity-related industries to incur production delays and significant costs.
36
Government
regulation may also impede the development of new technologies. The effect of future regulations
affecting commodity-related industries cannot be predicted.
As noted below, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund achieves indirect exposure to commodities
through its wholly-owned subsidiary, which, in turn, invests in derivatives whose values are based
on the value of a commodity, commodity index, or other readily-measurable economic variables
dependent upon changes in the value of commodities or the commodities markets (commodity-related
derivatives). The value of commodity-related derivatives fluctuates based on changes in the
values of the underlying commodity, commodity index, futures contract, or
other economic variable to which they are related. Additionally, economic leverage will increase
the volatility of these instruments as they may increase or decrease in value more quickly than the
underlying commodity or other relevant economic variable. See Options and Futures, Structured
Notes, Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts, and Uses of Derivatives herein for more
information on the Funds investments in commodity-related derivatives, including commodity swap
agreements, commodity futures contracts, and options on commodity futures contracts.
Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited
Opportunities
Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. For this purpose,
illiquid securities are securities that the Fund may not sell or dispose of within seven days in
the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the
securities.
A repurchase agreement maturing in more than seven days is considered illiquid, unless it can be
terminated after a notice period of seven days or less.
The Manager also may deem certain securities to be illiquid as a result of the Managers receipt
from time to time of material, non-public information about an issuer, which may limit the
Managers ability to trade such securities for the account of any of its clients, including the
Funds. In some instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial
period of time.
As long as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) maintains the position that most swap
contracts, caps, floors, and collars are illiquid, the Funds will continue to designate these
instruments as illiquid unless the instrument includes a termination clause or has been determined
to be liquid based on a case-by-case analysis pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
Private Placements and Restricted Investments.
Illiquid securities include securities of private
issuers, securities traded in unregulated or shallow markets, and securities that are purchased in
private placements and are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Because
relatively few purchasers of these securities may exist, especially in the event of adverse market
or economic conditions or adverse changes in the issuers financial condition, a Fund could have
difficulty selling them when the Manager believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell
37
them
only at prices that are lower than if they were more widely held. Disposing of illiquid securities
may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them promptly at an
acceptable price may be difficult or impossible.
While private placements may offer attractive opportunities not otherwise available in the open
market, the securities purchased are usually restricted securities or are not readily
marketable. Restricted securities cannot be sold without being registered under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), unless they are sold pursuant to an exemption from
registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A). Securities that are not readily marketable are subject
to
other legal or contractual restrictions on resale. A Fund may have to bear the expense of
registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting
registration. A Fund selling its securities in a registered offering may be deemed to be an
underwriter for purposes of Section 11 of the 1933 Act. In such event, the Fund may be liable to
purchasers of the securities under Section 11 if the registration statement prepared by the issuer,
or the prospectus forming a part of it, is materially inaccurate or misleading, although the Fund
may have a due diligence defense.
At times, the inability to sell illiquid securities can make it more difficult to determine their
fair value for purposes of computing a Funds net asset value. The judgment of the Manager
normally plays a greater role in valuing these securities than in valuing publicly traded
securities.
IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities
.
Certain Funds may purchase securities of companies that are
offered pursuant to an initial public offering (IPO) or other similar limited opportunities.
Although companies can be any age or size at the time of their IPO, they are often smaller and have
a limited operating history, which involves a greater potential for the value of their securities
to be impaired following the IPO. The price of a companys securities may be highly unstable at
the time of its IPO and for a period thereafter due to factors such as market psychology prevailing
at the time of the IPO, the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available,
and limited availability of investor information. Securities purchased in IPOs have a tendency to
fluctuate in value significantly shortly after the IPO relative to the price at which they were
purchased. These fluctuations could impact the net asset value and return earned on a Funds
shares. Investors in IPOs can be adversely affected by substantial dilution in the value of their
shares, by sales of additional shares, and by concentration of control in existing management and
principal shareholders. In addition, all of the factors that affect the performance of an economy
or equity markets may have a greater impact on the shares of IPO companies. IPO securities tend to
involve greater risk due, in part, to public perception and the lack of publicly available
information and trading history.
Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments
Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, a Fund may invest in shares of both open- and
closed-end investment companies (including exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and money market funds,
particularly with respect to Special Purpose Holding Fund). Investing in another investment
company exposes a Fund to all the risks of that investment company and, in general, subjects it to
a pro rata portion of the other investment companys fees and expenses. Many of the Funds also may
invest in private investment funds, vehicles, or structures.
38
ETFs are hybrid investment companies that are registered as open-end investment companies or unit
investment trusts (UITs) but possess some of the characteristics of closed-end funds. ETFs
typically hold a portfolio of common stocks that is intended to track the price and dividend
performance of a particular index. Common examples of ETFs include S&P Depositary Receipts
(SPDRs) and iShares, which may be purchased from the UIT or investment company issuing the
securities or in the secondary market (SPDRs are listed on the American Stock Exchange and iShares
are listed on the New York Stock Exchange). The market price for ETF
shares may be higher or lower than the ETFs net asset value. The sale and redemption prices of
ETF shares purchased from the issuer are based on the issuers net asset value.
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund also may invest without limitation in Short-Duration Collateral
Fund. These investments are not made in reliance on the fund of funds exemption provided in
Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, but instead are made in reliance on an SEC exemptive order
obtained by the Manager and the Trust permitting Funds of the Trust to operate as funds of funds.
To the extent Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund invests in Short-Duration Collateral Fund,
shareholders of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund will not bear directly any of the operating fees
and expenses of Short-Duration Collateral Fund, but indirectly will bear a proportionate share of
this Funds operating fees and expenses.
Short Sales
Some Funds may seek to hedge investments or realize additional gains through short sales. A Fund
may make short sales against the box, meaning the Fund may make short sales where the Fund owns,
or has the right to acquire at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. If a Fund
makes a short sale against the box, the Fund will not immediately deliver the securities sold and
will not immediately receive the proceeds from the sale. However, the Fund is required to hold
securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short (or securities convertible or
exchangeable into such securities) while the short sale is outstanding. Once the Fund closes out
its short position by delivering the securities sold short, it will receive the proceeds of the
sale. A Fund will incur transaction costs, including interest, in connection with opening,
maintaining, and closing short sales against the box.
In addition, Special Situations Fund may make short sales that are not against the box, which are
transactions in which a Fund sells a security it does not own, in anticipation of a decline in the
market value of that security. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security
to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by
purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more
or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced,
the Fund is required to repay the lender any dividends or interest which accrue during the period
of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would
increase the cost of the security sold. The net proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the
broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed
out. The Fund also will incur transaction costs in effecting short sales that are not against the
box.
39
Special Situations Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short sale if the price of the security
or index increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the
borrowed security. The Fund will realize a gain if the price of the security declines between
those dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by
the amount of the premium, dividends or interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with
a short sale. Whenever the Fund engages in short sales, it identifies liquid and unencumbered
assets in an amount that, when combined with the amount of collateral deposited with the broker in
connection with the short sale, equals the current market value of the security
sold short. Short sales that are not against the box involve a form of investment leverage, and
the amount of the Funds loss on such a short sale is theoretically unlimited. Under adverse
market conditions, the Fund may have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale
delivery obligations, and may have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to
meet its short sale obligations at a time when it would be unfavorable to do so. In addition, the
Fund may have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its delivery obligations in the case of less
liquid securities sold short by the Fund such as certain emerging market securities or securities
of companies with smaller market capitalizations.
Investments in Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund invests in GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity SPC Ltd., a
wholly-owned subsidiary company. As described in Alternative Asset Opportunity Funds Private
Placement Memorandum, the company invests primarily in swap contracts on commodities indices,
commodities futures contracts, and other commodity-related derivatives, and in high quality fixed
income securities. The Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks of
its subsidiarys investments. See Options and Futures above and Uses of Derivatives below.
Special Situations Fund may invest in one or more wholly-owned, foreign subsidiary companies, and,
if so, will be indirectly exposed to the risks of any such subsidiarys investments.
GMO serves as the investment manager to Alternative Asset Opportunity Funds and Special Situations
Funds subsidiaries, but does not receive any additional management or other fees in respect of
such services. In addition, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston,
Massachusetts 02111, serves as each subsidiarys custodian, transfer agent, and fund accounting
agent. Pursuant to each subsidiarys organizational documents, in certain circumstances, the
subsidiary has an obligation to indemnify its officers, directors, and certain other parties.
USES OF DERIVATIVES
Introduction and Overview
This overview outlines various ways in which Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Short-Duration
Collateral Fund, Special Situations Fund, Taiwan Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Fund may use
different types of exchange-traded and OTC derivatives in implementing their investment programs.
It is intended to supplement the information included in the Private
40
Placement Memoranda and the
information provided in the Fund Investments and Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investments
sections of this Statement of Additional Information. As indicated in its Private Placement
Memorandum and in this Statement of Additional Information, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and
Special Situations Fund may use the derivatives and engage in the derivatives strategies described
below directly and/or indirectly through their investments in wholly-owned subsidiary companies or,
in the case of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, in Short-Duration Collateral Fund. In
particular, as described above, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund seeks exposure to
commodities-related
derivatives indirectly through investments in its wholly-owned subsidiary. This overview, however,
is not intended to be exhaustive and a Fund may use types of derivatives and/or employ derivatives
strategies not otherwise described in this Statement of Additional Information or the Private
Placement Memoranda.
In addition, a Fund may decide not to employ any of the strategies described below, and no
assurance can be given that any strategy used will succeed. Also, suitable derivatives
transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that a Fund
will be able to identify or employ a desirable derivatives transaction at any time or from time to
time, or that any such transactions will be successful.
Note
: Unless otherwise noted below in this section, the uses of derivatives discussed
herein with respect to a particular Fund only refer to the Funds direct use of such derivatives.
As indicated in the Private Placement Memoranda and in the Fund Investments section of this
Statement of Additional Information, certain Funds may invest in other Funds of the Trust, which,
in turn, may use types of derivatives and/or employ derivatives strategies that differ from those
described in this Statement of Additional Information or the Private Placement Memoranda.
Function of Derivatives in Funds.
The types of derivatives used and derivatives strategies
employed by a Fund and the extent a Fund uses derivatives varies from Fund to Fund depending on the
Funds specific investment objective and strategies. A fund may use exchange-traded and OTC
financial derivatives, in particular interest rate swaps with respect to World Opportunity Overlay
Fund, as an integral part of its investment program. Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund uses
exchange-traded and OTC commodity-related and financial derivatives, in particular commodity swaps
and commodity future contracts, as an integral part of its investment program. To a significant
extent, specific market conditions may influence the Managers choice of derivatives and
derivatives strategies for a particular Fund.
Counterparty Creditworthiness.
Typically, a Fund will enter into these transactions only with
counterparties or their guarantors that, at the time they enter into a transaction, have long-term
debt ratings of A or higher by Moodys or S&P (or have comparable credit ratings as determined by
the Manager). Short-term derivatives may be entered into with counterparties that do not have
long-term debt ratings if they have short-term debt ratings of A-1 by S&P and/or a comparable
rating by Moodys. See Appendix BCommercial Paper and Corporate Debt Ratings for an explanation
of short-term debt ratings.
41
Use of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
Types of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) That May Be Used by the
Fund
Swap contracts, including commodity swaps, interest rate swaps, swaps on an index, a single fixed
income security, or a basket of fixed income securities, credit default swaps, and contracts
for differences
Futures contracts and related options on commodities as well as baskets or indices of commodities
Financial futures contracts and related options on bonds as well as baskets or indices of
securities
Options on bonds and other securities
Swaptions
Structured notes
Warrants and rights
Uses of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the Fund
Investment
In particular, the Fund uses commodity swaps and commodity futures contracts for investment
purposes, instead of investing directly in the commodity markets. The Fund uses swaps on
broad-based commodity indices, in particular the Dow Jones-AIG Commodity Index, to gain and manage
exposure to the commodity component of the Funds benchmark. The Fund also takes active long or
short positions primarily in commodity futures contracts to add value relative to the commodity
component of the Funds benchmark. The Fund also may take active long or short positions in other
exchange-traded and OTC commodity-related derivatives, including options on commodity futures.
The Fund may use derivatives (including futures contracts, related options, swap contracts, and
long and short swaptions) instead of investing directly in fixed income securities. In particular,
the Fund may use swaps on an index, a single fixed income security, or a basket of fixed income
securities to gain investment exposure to fixed income securities in situations where direct
ownership is not permitted or is economically unattractive. In addition, if a foreign derivative
position is non-U.S. dollar denominated, a foreign currency forward may be used in conjunction with
a long derivative position to achieve the effect of investing directly.
The Fund also may indirectly use (through the Short-Duration Collateral Fund) credit default swaps
for investment purposes, in which case the Fund will receive the premium from its counterparty but
would be obligated to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of the defaulted bonds or loans upon
issuer default to the counterparty.
42
Risk Management
The Fund may use commodity futures, related options, and commodity swap contracts to achieve what
the Manager believes to be the optimal exposure to individual commodities. From time to time,
derivatives may be used prior to actual sales and purchases. For example, if the Fund holds a
large proportion of a certain type of commodity and the Manager believes that another commodity
will outperform such commodity, the Fund might use a short futures contract on an appropriate index
(to synthetically sell a portion of the Funds portfolio) in combination with a long futures
contract on another index (to synthetically buy exposure to that index). Long and
short commodity swap contracts and contracts for differences also may be used for these purposes.
Commodities derivatives used to effect synthetic sales and purchases will generally be unwound as
actual portfolio securities are sold and purchased.
The Fund is not limited in the extent to which it uses derivatives or in the absolute face value of
its derivative positions. As a result, the Fund may be leveraged in terms of aggregate exposure of
its assets, and its net long exposure may exceed 100% of its net assets. The Manager seeks to
manage the exposure of the Fund relative to its benchmark.
Hedging
The Fund may use futures, related options, swap contracts, and swaptions to hedge against a market
or credit risk already generally present in the Fund. For instance, the Fund may take an active
long or short position in a particular commodity to hedge against the Funds short or long exposure
to such commodity. In addition, the Fund may indirectly use (through the Short-Duration Collateral
Fund) credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood
of default by corporate (including asset-backed security) or sovereign issuers.
Other Uses
The Fund may employ additional derivatives strategies to help implement its investment strategies.
For instance, the Manager may decide to alter the interest rate exposure of debt instruments by
employing interest rate swaps. This strategy enables the Fund to maintain its investment in the
credit of an issuer through the debt instrument but adjust its interest rate exposure through the
swap. With these swaps, the Fund and its counterparties exchange interest rate exposure, such as
fixed vs. variable and shorter duration vs. longer duration.
In addition, the Fund may employ the foreign currency derivative transactions described below.
Use of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions That May Be Employed by the Fund
Buying and selling spot currencies
Forward foreign currency contracts
Currency futures contracts and related options
43
Options on currencies
Currency swap contracts
Uses of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use derivatives - generally short forward or futures contracts -
to hedge back into the U.S. dollar the foreign currency risk inherent in its portfolio. The Fund
is not required to hedge any of its currency risk.
Anticipatory Hedging: If the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase of, or anticipates the
need to purchase, a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may lock in the U.S. dollar
price of the security by buying the foreign currency or using currency forwards or futures.
Cross Hedging: The Fund may hedge exposure to a foreign currency by using derivatives that hedge
that risk to a third currency, not necessarily the U.S. dollar. For example, if the Fund holds
Japanese bonds, but the Manager believes the Yen is likely to decline against the Euro (but not
necessarily the U.S. dollar), the Manager may implement a cross hedge to take a short position in
the Yen and take a long position in the Euro. This may be implemented with a traditional hedge of
the Yen to U.S. dollars in addition to a purchase of Euros using those U.S. dollars.
Proxy Hedging: The Fund may hedge the exposure of a given foreign currency by using an instrument
denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated to the currency
being hedged.
Investment
The Fund may enter into currency forwards or futures contracts in conjunction with entering into a
futures contract on a foreign index to create synthetic foreign currency denominated securities.
Use of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the
Short-Duration Collateral Fund
Types of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) That May Be Used by the
Fund
Swap contracts, including interest rate swaps, swaps on an index, a single fixed income security,
or a basket of fixed income securities, and credit default swaps
Futures contracts and related options on bonds as well as baskets or indices of securities
Options on bonds and other securities
Swaptions
Structured notes
44
Uses of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use bond futures, related options, bond options, swap contracts,
and swaptions to hedge against a market or credit risk already generally present in the Fund. For
instance, the Fund may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short
position with respect to the likelihood of default by corporate (including asset-backed security)
or sovereign issuers.
Anticipatory Hedging: In anticipation of significant purchases of a security or securities, the
Fund may hedge market risk (the risk of not being invested in the securities) by purchasing long
futures contracts or entering into long swap contracts to obtain market exposure until the purchase
is completed. Conversely, in anticipation of significant cash redemptions, the Fund may sell
futures contracts or enter into short swap contracts while the Fund disposes of securities in an
orderly fashion.
Investment
The Fund may use derivatives (including futures contracts, related options, swap contracts, and
swaptions) instead of investing directly in securities. In particular, the Fund may use swaps on
an index, a single fixed income security, or a basket of fixed income securities to gain investment
exposure to fixed income securities in situations where direct ownership is not permitted or is
economically unattractive. In addition, if a foreign derivative position is non-U.S. dollar
denominated, a foreign currency forward may be used in conjunction with a long derivative position
to achieve the effect of investing directly.
The Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes, in which case the Fund will
receive the premium from its counterparty but would be obligated to pay the par (or other
agreed-upon) value of the defaulted bonds or loans upon issuer default to the counterparty.
Risk Management
The Fund may use options, futures, and related options as well as swap contracts to achieve what
the Manager believes to be the optimal exposure to particular interest rate markets or individual
countries or issuers. From time to time, derivatives may be used prior to actual sales and
purchases.
The Fund is not limited in the extent to which it uses derivatives or in the absolute face value of
its derivative positions. As a result, the Fund may be leveraged in terms of aggregate exposure of
its assets. The Manager seeks to manage the exposure of the Fund relative to its benchmark.
45
Other Uses
The Fund may employ additional derivatives strategies to help implement its investment strategies.
For instance, the Manager may decide to alter the interest rate exposure of debt instruments by
employing interest rate swaps. This strategy enables the Fund to maintain its investment in the
credit of an issuer through the debt instrument but adjust its interest rate exposure through the
swap. With these swaps, the Fund and its counterparties exchange interest rate exposure, such as
fixed vs. variable and shorter duration vs. longer duration.
In addition, the Fund may employ the foreign currency derivative transactions described below.
Use of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the
Short-Duration Collateral Fund
Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions That May Be Employed by the Fund
Buying and selling spot currencies
Forward foreign currency contracts
Currency futures contracts and related options
Options on currencies
Currency swap contracts
Uses of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use derivatives generally short forward or futures contracts
to hedge back into the U.S. dollar the foreign currency risk inherent in its portfolio. The Fund
is not required to hedge any of its currency risk.
Anticipatory Hedging: If the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase of, or anticipates the
need to purchase, a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may lock in the U.S. dollar
price of the security by buying the foreign currency or using currency forwards or futures.
Cross Hedging: The Fund may hedge exposure to a foreign currency by using derivatives that hedge
that risk to a third currency, not necessarily the U.S. dollar. For example, if the Fund holds
Japanese bonds, but the Manager believes the Yen is likely to decline against the Euro (but not
necessarily the U.S. dollar), the Manager may implement a cross hedge to take a short position in
the Yen and take a long position in the Euro. This may be implemented with a traditional hedge of
the Yen to U.S. dollars in addition to a purchase of Euros using those U.S. dollars.
Proxy Hedging: The Fund may hedge the exposure of a given foreign currency by using an instrument
denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated to the currency
being hedged.
46
Investment
The Fund may enter into currency forwards or futures contracts in conjunction with entering into a
futures contract on a foreign index to create synthetic foreign currency denominated securities.
Risk Management
Subject to certain limitations, the Fund may use foreign currency derivatives for risk management.
Thus, the Fund may have foreign currency exposure that is different than the currency exposure
represented by its portfolio investments. That exposure may include long and short exposure to
particular currencies beyond the exposure represented by the Funds investment in securities
denominated in that currency.
Use of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the Special
Situations Fund
Types of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) That May Be Used by the
Fund
Options, futures contracts, and related options on bonds or other securities as well as baskets or
indices of securities
Swap contracts, including interest rate swaps, swaps on an index, a single fixed income security,
or a basket of fixed income securities, credit default swaps, inflation swaps, and contracts
for differences
Swaptions
Contracts for differences, i.e., swaps on an index, a single equity security, or a basket of equity
securities that contain both long and short equity components
Structured or indexed notes
Warrants and rights
Futures contracts and related options on bonds as well as baskets or indices of securities
Uses of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use bond futures, related options, bond options, swap contracts,
and swaptions to hedge against a market or credit risk already generally present in the Fund. For
instance, the Fund may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with
respect to the likelihood of default by corporate (including asset-backed security) or sovereign
issuers. The Fund also may use short equity futures, related options, and short swap contracts to
hedge against an equity risk already generally present in the Fund.
Anticipatory Hedging: In anticipation of significant purchases of a security or securities, the
Fund may hedge market risk (the risk of not being invested in the securities) by purchasing long
futures contracts or entering into long swap contracts to obtain market exposure until the purchase
is completed. Conversely, in anticipation of significant cash redemptions, the Fund
47
may sell
futures contracts or enter into short swap contracts to allow it to dispose of securities in a more
orderly fashion.
The Fund is not subject to any limit on the absolute face value of derivatives used for hedging
purposes.
Investment
The Fund may use derivatives (including futures contracts, related options, swap contracts, and
swaptions) instead of investing directly in securities. In particular, the Fund may use swaps on
an index, a single fixed income security, or a basket of fixed income securities to gain investment
exposure to fixed income securities in situations where direct ownership is not permitted or is
economically unattractive.
If a foreign derivative position is non-U.S. dollar denominated, the Fund may use a foreign
currency forward in conjunction with a long derivative position to achieve the effect of investing
directly.
The Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes, in which case the Fund will
receive the premium from its counterparty but would be obligated to pay the par (or other
agreed-upon) value of the defaulted bonds or loans upon issuer default to the counterparty.
Risk Management
The Fund may use swaps as well as options, futures, and related options to achieve what the Manager
believes to be the optimal exposure to particular interest rate markets or individual countries,
indices, sectors or issuers. From time to time, derivatives may be used prior to actual sales and
purchases.
The Fund is not limited in the extent to which it uses derivatives or in the absolute face value of
its derivative positions. As a result, the Fund may be leveraged in terms of aggregate exposure of
its assets, and its net long exposure may exceed 100% of its net assets.
Other Uses
The Fund may employ additional derivatives strategies to help implement its investment strategies.
For instance, the Manager may decide to alter the interest rate exposure of debt instruments by
employing interest rate swaps. This strategy enables the Fund to maintain its investment in the
credit of an issuer through the debt instrument but adjust its interest rate exposure through the
swap. With these swaps, the Fund and its counterparties exchange interest rate exposure, such as
fixed vs. variable and shorter duration vs. longer duration.
In addition, the Fund may employ the foreign currency derivative transactions described below.
48
Use of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the Special Situations Fund
Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions That May Be Employed by the Fund
Buying and selling spot currencies
Forward foreign currency contracts
Currency futures contracts and related options
Options on currencies
Currency swap contracts
Uses of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use derivatives - generally short forward or futures contracts -
to hedge back into the U.S. dollar the foreign currency risk inherent in its portfolio. The Fund
is not required to hedge any of its currency risk.
Anticipatory Hedging: If the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase of, or anticipates the
need to purchase, a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may lock in the U.S. dollar
price of the security by buying the foreign currency or using currency forwards or futures.
Cross Hedging: The Fund may hedge exposure to a foreign currency by using derivatives that hedge
that risk to a third currency, not necessarily the U.S. dollar. For example, if the Fund holds
Japanese bonds, but the Manager believes the Yen is likely to decline against the Euro (but not
necessarily the U.S. dollar), the Manager may implement a cross hedge to take a short position in
the Yen and take a long position in the Euro. This may be implemented with a traditional hedge of
the Yen to U.S. dollars in addition to a purchase of Euros using those U.S. dollars.
Proxy Hedging: The Fund may hedge the exposure of a given foreign currency by using an instrument
denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated to the currency
being hedged.
Investment
The Fund may enter into currency forwards or futures contracts in conjunction with entering into a
futures contract on a foreign index to create synthetic foreign currency denominated securities.
Risk Management
Subject to certain limitations, the Fund may use foreign currency derivatives for risk management.
Thus, the Fund may have foreign currency exposure that is different than the currency exposure
represented by its portfolio investments. That exposure may include long and short exposure to
particular currencies beyond the exposure represented by the Funds investment in securities
denominated in that currency.
49
Use of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the
Taiwan Fund
Types of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) That May Be Used by the
Fund
Options, futures contracts, and related options on securities indices
Long swap contracts in which the Fund pays a fixed rate plus the negative performance, if any, and
receives the positive performance, if any, of an index, a single equity security, or a basket
of equity securities
Short swap contracts in which the Fund receives a fixed rate plus the negative performance, if
any, and pays the positive performance of an index, a single equity security, or a basket of
equity securities
Contracts for differences, i.e., swaps on an index, a single equity security, or a basket of equity
securities that contain both long and short equity components
Structured or indexed notes
Warrants and rights
Uses of Derivatives (other than foreign currency derivative transactions) by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use short equity futures, related options and short swap
contracts to hedge against an equity risk already generally present in the Fund.
Anticipatory Hedging: In anticipation of significant purchases of a security or securities, the
Fund may hedge market risk (the risk of not being invested in the securities) by purchasing long
futures contracts or entering into long swap contracts to obtain market exposure until the purchase
is completed. Conversely, in anticipation of significant cash redemptions, the Fund may sell
futures contracts or enter into short swap contracts while the Fund disposes of securities in a
more orderly fashion.
The Fund is not subject to any limit on the absolute face value of derivatives used for hedging
purposes.
Investment
The Fund may use derivatives (particularly long futures contracts, related options, and long swap
contracts) instead of investing directly in equity securities, including using equity derivatives
to equitize cash balances held by the Fund (e.g., creating equity exposure through the use of
futures contracts or other types of derivatives). The Fund also may use long derivatives in
conjunction with short hedging transactions to adjust the weights of the Funds underlying equity
portfolio to a level the Manager believes is the optimal exposure to individual countries, markets,
sectors, and equities. In addition, if a foreign equity derivative provides a return in a local
50
currency, the Fund may purchase a foreign currency forward in conjunction with foreign equity
derivatives to achieve the effect of investing directly.
Risk
Management - Synthetic Sales and Purchases
The Fund may use equity futures, related options, and swap contracts to achieve what the Manager
believes to be the optimal exposure to individual sectors, indices, countries, and/or stocks. From
time to time, derivatives may be used prior to actual sales and purchases.
For example, if the Fund holds a large proportion of stocks of companies in a particular industry
or stocks in a particular market and the Manager believes that stocks of companies in another
industry or stocks of another market, as applicable, will outperform those stocks, the Fund might
use a short futures contract on an appropriate index (to synthetically sell a portion of the
Funds portfolio) in combination with a long futures contract on another index (to synthetically
buy exposure to that index). Long and short swap contracts and contracts for differences also
may be used for these purposes. In addition, if a derivative position is non-U.S. dollar
denominated, a foreign currency forward may be used by the Fund in conjunction with a long
derivative position to achieve the effect of investing directly. Equity derivatives (as well as
any corresponding currency forwards) used to effect synthetic sales and purchases generally will be
unwound as actual portfolio securities are sold and purchased.
The net long exposure of the Fund to equity securities or markets (including direct investment in
securities and long and short derivative positions in securities and/or baskets or indices of
securities) typically will not exceed 100% of its net assets. However, occasionally a large
redemption or payment of fees may result in a temporary net long exposure of over 100% of the
Funds net assets.
Other Uses
The Fund may employ additional derivatives strategies, including the foreign currency transactions
as described below, to help implement its investment strategies.
Use of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the
Taiwan Fund
Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions That May Be Employed by the Fund
Buying and selling spot currencies
Forward foreign currency contracts
Currency futures contracts and related options
Options on currencies
Currency swap contracts
51
Uses of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use derivatives generally short forward or futures contracts
to hedge back into the U.S. dollar the foreign currency risk inherent in its portfolio. The Fund
is not required to hedge any of its currency risk.
Anticipatory Hedging: If the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase of, or anticipates the
need to purchase, a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may lock in the U.S. dollar
price of the security by buying the foreign currency or using currency forwards or futures.
Cross Hedging: The Fund may hedge exposure to a foreign currency by using derivatives that hedge
that risk to a third currency, not necessarily the U.S. dollar. For example, the Manager believes
the Taiwanese Dollar is likely to decline against the Euro (but not necessarily the U.S. dollar),
the Manager may implement a cross hedge to take a short position in the Taiwanese Dollar and take a
long position in the Euro. This may be implemented with a traditional hedge of the Taiwanese
Dollar to U.S. dollars in addition to a purchase of Euros using those U.S. dollars.
Proxy Hedging: The Fund may hedge the exposure of a given foreign currency by using an instrument
denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated to the currency
being hedged.
Investment
The Fund may enter into currency forwards or futures contracts in conjunction with entering into a
futures contract on a foreign index to create synthetic foreign currency denominated securities.
Risk Management
Subject to the limitations described below, the Fund may use foreign currency derivatives for risk
management. Thus, the Fund may have foreign currency exposure that is different (in some cases,
significantly different) than the currency exposure represented by its portfolio investments. That
exposure may include long and short exposure to particular currencies beyond the exposure
represented by the Funds investment in securities denominated in that currency.
The Funds net aggregate foreign currency exposure typically will not exceed 100% of its net
assets. However, the Funds foreign currency exposure may differ significantly from the currency
exposure represented by its equity investments.
52
Use of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) by the
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
Types of Derivatives (other than Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions) That May Be Used by the
Fund
Swap contracts, including interest rate swaps, swaps on an index, a single fixed income security,
or a basket of fixed income securities, and credit default swaps
Swaptions
Futures contracts and related options on bonds as well as baskets or indices of securities
Options on bonds and other securities
Structured notes
Uses of Derivatives (other than foreign currency derivative transactions) by the Fund
Investment
Instead of investing directly in fixed income securities, the Fund uses derivatives, primarily
interest rate swaps, to exploit misvaluations in world interest rates and to add value relative to
the Funds benchmark. The Fund also may uses other types of derivatives for investment purposes,
including other types of swap contracts, futures contracts, related options, and swaptions, instead
of investing directly in securities. In particular, the Fund may use swaps on an index, a single
fixed income security, or a basket of fixed income securities to gain investment exposure to fixed
income securities in situations where direct ownership is not permitted or is economically
unattractive. In addition, the Fund may use credit default swaps for investment purposes. In
those cases, it will receive the premium from its counterparty but would be obligated to pay the
par (or other agreed-upon) value of the defaulted bonds or loans upon issuer default to the
counterparty.
If a foreign derivative position is non-U.S. dollar denominated, the Fund may use a foreign
currency forward in conjunction with a long derivative position to achieve the effect of investing
directly.
Hedging
Traditional Hedging: The Fund may use bond futures, related options, bond options, swap contracts,
and swaptions to hedge against a market or credit risk already generally present in the Fund. For
instance, the Fund may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with
respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate (including asset-backed security) or sovereign
issuer of fixed income securities.
Anticipatory Hedging: In anticipation of significant purchases of a security or securities, the
Fund may hedge market risk (the risk of not being invested in the securities) by purchasing long
futures contracts or entering into long swap contracts to obtain market exposure until the purchase
is completed. Conversely, in anticipation of significant cash redemptions, the Fund may sell
futures contracts or enter into short swap contracts while the Fund disposes of securities
53
in an
orderly fashion.
Risk Management
The Fund may use swaps as well as options, futures, and related options to achieve what the Manager
believes to be the optimal exposure to particular interest rate markets or individual countries or
issuers. From time to time, derivatives may be used prior to actual sales and purchases.
The Fund is not limited in the extent to which it uses derivatives or in the absolute face value of
its derivative positions. As a result, the Fund may be leveraged in terms of aggregate exposure of
its assets, and its net long exposure may exceed 100% of its net assets. The Manager seeks to
manage the exposure of the Fund relative to its benchmark.
Other Uses
The Fund may employ additional derivatives strategies to help implement its investment strategies.
For instance, the Manager may decide to alter the interest rate exposure of debt instruments by
employing interest rate swaps. This strategy enables the Fund to maintain its
investment in the credit of an issuer through the debt instrument but adjust its interest rate
exposure through the swap. With these swaps, the Fund and its counterparties exchange interest
rate exposure, such as fixed vs. variable and shorter duration vs. longer duration.
In addition, the Fund may employ the foreign currency derivative transactions described below.
Use of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions That May Be Employed by the Fund
Buying and selling spot currencies
Forward foreign currency contracts
Currency futures contracts and related options
Options on currencies
Currency swap contracts
Uses of Foreign Currency Derivative Transactions by the Fund
Hedging
Traditional
Hedging: The Fund may use derivatives - generally short forward or futures contracts -
to hedge back into the U.S. dollar the foreign currency risk inherent in its portfolio. The Fund
is not required to hedge any of its currency risk.
54
Anticipatory Hedging: If the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase of, or anticipates the
need to purchase, a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may lock in the U.S. dollar
price of the security by buying the foreign currency or using currency forwards or futures.
Cross Hedging: The Fund may hedge exposure to a foreign currency by using derivatives that hedge
that risk to a third currency, not necessarily the U.S. dollar. For example, if the Fund holds
Japanese bonds, but the Manager believes the Yen is likely to decline against the Euro (but not
necessarily the U.S. dollar), the Manager may implement a cross hedge to take a short position in
the Yen and take a long position in the Euro. This may be implemented with a traditional hedge of
the Yen to U.S. dollars in addition to a purchase of Euros using those U.S. dollars.
Proxy Hedging: The Fund may hedge the exposure of a given foreign currency by using an instrument
denominated in a different currency that the Manager believes is highly correlated to the currency
being hedged.
Investment
The Fund may enter into currency forwards or futures contracts in conjunction with entering into a
futures contract on a foreign index to create synthetic foreign currency denominated securities.
Risk Management
Subject to certain limitations, the Fund may use foreign currency derivatives for risk management.
Thus, the Fund may have foreign currency exposure that is different than the currency exposure
represented by its portfolio investments. That exposure may include long and short exposure to
particular currencies beyond the exposure represented by the Funds investment in securities
denominated in that currency.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Restrictions
:
The following are Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Funds, which may
not
be
changed without shareholder approval:
(1) Each Fund may not borrow money except under the following circumstances: (i) Each Fund may
borrow money from banks so long as after such a transaction, the total assets (including the amount
borrowed) less liabilities other than debt obligations, represent at least 300% of outstanding debt
obligations; (ii) Each Fund may also borrow amounts equal to an additional 5% of its total assets
without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as for the clearance and
settlement of portfolio transactions and to meet shareholder redemption requests; and (iii) Each
Fund may enter into transactions that are technically borrowings under the 1940 Act because they
involve the sale of a security coupled with an agreement to repurchase that security (e.g., reverse
repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, and other similar investment techniques) without regard to the
asset coverage restriction described in (i) above, so long as and to the extent that a Funds
custodian earmarks and maintains cash and/or high-grade debt securities equal in value to its
obligations in respect of these transactions.
55
Under current pronouncements of the SEC staff, the above types of transactions are not treated as
involving senior securities so long as and to the extent that the Fund maintains liquid assets
equal in value to its obligations in respect of these transactions.
(2) With respect to Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund and Taiwan Fund,
each Fund may not purchase securities on margin except such short-term credits as may be necessary
for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities. (For this purpose, the deposit or payment
of initial or variation margin in connection with futures contracts or related options transactions
is not considered the purchase of a security on margin.)
(3) With respect to Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund and Taiwan Fund,
each Fund may not make short sales of securities or maintain a short position for the Funds
account unless at all times when a short position is open the Fund owns an equal amount of such
securities or owns securities which, without payment of any further consideration, are convertible
into or exchangeable for securities of the same issue as, and equal in amount to, the securities
sold short.
(4) Each Fund may not underwrite securities issued by other persons except to the extent that, in
connection with the disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be deemed to be an underwriter
under federal securities laws.
(5) Each Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities of issuers
which deal in real estate, including securities of real estate investment trusts, and may purchase
securities which are secured by interests in real estate.
(6) Each Fund may not make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations or by entering into
repurchase agreements or through the lending of the Funds portfolio securities. Loans of
portfolio securities may be made with respect to up to 100% of a Funds total assets in the case of
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund and Taiwan Fund, and up to 33 1/3% of
the Funds total assets in the case of each of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Special
Situations Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Fund.
(7) Each Fund may not concentrate more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one
industry.
(8) With respect to Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund, Special
Situations Fund, Taiwan Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Fund, each Fund may not purchase or sell
commodities or commodity contracts, except that the Fund may purchase and sell financial futures
contracts and options thereon.
With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, the Fund may not purchase commodities, except
that the Fund may purchase and sell commodity contracts or any type of commodity-related
derivatives (including, without limitation, all types of commodity-related swaps, futures
contracts, forward contracts and options contracts).
56
(9) Each Fund may not issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act and as amplified by
rules, regulations and pronouncements of the SEC.
The SEC has concluded that even though reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements
and standby commitment agreements fall within the functional meaning of the term evidence of
indebtedness, the issue of compliance with Section 18 of the 1940 Act will not be raised with the
SEC by the Division of Investment Management if a Fund covers such obligations or maintains liquid
assets equal in value to its obligations with respect to these transactions. Similarly, so long as
such assets are maintained, the issue of compliance with Section 18 will not be raised with respect
to any of the following: any swap contract or contract for differences; any pledge or encumbrance
of assets permitted by Non-Fundamental Restriction (4) below; any borrowing permitted by
Fundamental Restriction (1) above; any collateral arrangements with respect to initial and
variation margin; and the purchase or sale of options, forward contracts, futures contracts or
options on futures contracts.
Non-Fundamental Restrictions
:
The following are Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Funds, which may be changed by the
Trustees
without
shareholder approval:
(1) With respect to Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund, Taiwan Fund and
World Opportunity Overlay Fund, each Fund may not buy or sell oil, gas, or other
mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts, although it may purchase securities of issuers that
deal in oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts, including securities of
royalty trusts, and may purchase securities which are secured by, or otherwise hold or represent
interests in, oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts.
(2) Each Fund may not make investments for the purpose of gaining control of a companys
management.
With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and Special Situations Fund, this restriction
shall not apply with respect to the Funds investments in one or more wholly-owned subsidiaries.
(3) With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Special
Situations Fund, Taiwan Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Fund, each Fund may not invest more than
15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. For this purpose, illiquid securities may include
certain restricted securities under the federal securities laws (including illiquid securities
eligible for resale under Rules 144 or 144A), repurchase agreements, and securities that are not
readily marketable. To the extent the Trustees determine that restricted securities eligible for
resale under Rules 144 or 144A (safe harbor rules for resales of securities acquired under Section
4(2) private placements) under the 1933 Act, repurchase agreements, and securities that are not
readily marketable, are in fact liquid, they will not be included in the 15% limit on investment in
illiquid securities.
Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are considered illiquid, unless an agreement
can be terminated after a notice period of seven days or less.
57
For so long as the SEC maintains the position that most swap contracts, caps, floors, and collars
are illiquid, each Fund will continue to designate these instruments as illiquid for purposes of
its 15% illiquid limitation unless the instrument includes a termination clause or has been
determined to be liquid based on a case-by-case analysis pursuant to procedures approved by the
Trustees.
(4) With respect to Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund and Taiwan Fund,
each Fund may not pledge, hypothecate, mortgage, or otherwise encumber its assets in excess of 33
1/3% of the Funds total assets (taken at cost). (For the purposes of this restriction, collateral
arrangements with respect to swap agreements, the writing of options, stock index, interest rate,
currency or other futures, options on futures contracts and collateral arrangements with respect to
initial and variation margin are not deemed to be a pledge or other encumbrance of assets. The
deposit of securities or cash or cash equivalents in escrow in connection with the writing of
covered call or put options, respectively, is not deemed to be a pledge or encumbrance.)
(5) Taiwan Fund may not change its policy adopted pursuant to Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act (the
Name Policy) as set forth under the Funds Principal investment strategies in the Funds
Private Placement Memorandum without providing the Funds shareholders with a notice meeting the
requirement of Rule 35d-1(c) at least 60 days prior to such change.
For purposes of the Name Policy, Taiwan Fund considers the term invest to include both direct
investing and indirect investing and the term investments to include both direct investments and
indirect investments (for instance, the Fund may invest indirectly or make indirect investments by
investing in derivatives and synthetic instruments with economic characteristics similar to the
underlying asset), and the Fund may achieve exposure to a particular investment, industry, country,
or geographic region through direct investing or indirect investing and/or direct investments or
indirect investments.
Except as indicated above in Fundamental Restriction (1), all percentage limitations on investments
set forth herein and in each Private Placement Memorandum will apply at the time of the making of
an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists
immediately after and as a result of such investment.
With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, for purposes of determining compliance with the
Funds policy not to concentrate investments in a particular industry, futures contracts will be
valued at current market value (not notional value).
The phrase shareholder approval, as used in each Private Placement Memorandum and in this
Statement of Additional Information, and the phrases vote of a majority of the outstanding voting
securities and the approval of shareholders, as used herein with respect to a Fund, mean the
affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Fund, or (2)
67% or more of the shares of that Fund present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding
shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. Except for policies and restrictions
that are explicitly described as fundamental in a Private Placement Memorandum or this Statement of
Additional Information, the investment policies and restrictions of each Fund
58
may be changed by the
Trusts Trustees without the approval of shareholders of that Fund. Policies and restrictions of a
Fund that are explicitly described as fundamental in the Private Placement Memorandum or this
Statement of Additional Information cannot be changed without the approval of shareholders of that
Fund.
World Opportunity Overlay Fund typically will have exposure to a number of countries throughout the
world, including exposure to the interest rate markets of those countries through the use of
futures contracts, swap contracts, and other types of derivatives.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value (NAV) per share of each class of shares of a Fund will be determined as of
the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally at 4:00 p.m.
Eastern time. A Fund will not determine its NAV per class of shares on any day when the NYSE is
closed for business. Also, Taiwan Fund will not determine its NAV on days the Taiwan Stock
Exchange is closed for trading. As a result, from time to time, Taiwan Fund may not determine its
NAV for several consecutive weekdays (e.g., during the Chinese Lunar New Year), during which time
investors will have no ability to redeem their shares in the Fund. A Fund also may elect not to
determine its NAV per class of shares on days during which no share is tendered for redemption and
no order to purchase or sell a share is received by that Fund. Please refer to
Determination of Net Asset Value in the Private Placement Memorandum for additional information.
DISTRIBUTIONS
Each Private Placement Memorandum describes the distribution policies of that Fund under the
heading Distributions and Taxes.
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Special Situations Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Fund each
do not intend to make any distributions to its shareholders but may do so in the sole discretion of
the Trustees. It is the policy of these Funds to declare and pay any distributions in the sole
discretion of the Trustees of that Fund.
Short-Duration Collateral Fund and Taiwan Fund each generally maintain a policy to pay their
respective shareholders, as dividends, substantially all net investment income, if any, and to
distribute annually all net realized capital gains, if any, after offsetting any available capital
loss carryovers. Each Fund generally maintains a policy to make distributions at least annually,
sufficient to avoid the imposition of a nondeductible 4% excise tax on certain undistributed
amounts of investment company taxable income and capital gain net income. Each Fund, from time to
time and at the Funds discretion, also may make unscheduled distributions of net income,
short-term capital gains, and/or long-term capital gains prior to large redemptions by shareholders
from the Fund or as otherwise deemed appropriate by the Fund.
Special Purpose Holding Fund will distribute any proceeds and other cash receipts received from its
underlying investments as soon as practicable after such proceeds are received.
59
TAXES: SHORT-DURATION COLLATERAL FUND, TAIWAN FUND
The following tax section applies only to Short-Duration Collateral Fund and Taiwan Fund and their
shareholders.
Tax Status and Taxation of Each Fund
Each Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for federal income tax purposes. Each Fund
intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (previously defined above as the Code). In order to qualify for
the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, each Fund
must, among other things:
(a)
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|
derive at least 90% of its gross income from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect
to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock,
securities, or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from
options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in
such stock, securities, or currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in qualified
publicly traded partnerships (as defined below);
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(b)
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diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Funds taxable year, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets is represented by cash and cash
items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and
other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the
value of the Funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of
such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets is invested in
the securities (other than those of the U.S. Government or regulated investment companies) of
any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the
same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or in the securities of one or more qualified
publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and
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(c)
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distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment
company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction
for dividends paidgenerally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net
short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest
income, for such year.
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In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above,
income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such
income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if
realized by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an
interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as a partnership (i) interests in
which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or
the substantial equivalent thereof, (ii) that derives at least 90% of its income from passive
income sources defined in Code section 7704(d), and (iii) that derives less than 90% of its income
from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as
60
qualifying
income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to
regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect
to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Further, for the
purposes of paragraph (b) above: (i) the term outstanding voting securities of such issuer will
include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and (ii) in the case of a
Funds investment in loan participations, the Fund shall treat both the intermediary and the issuer
of the underlying loan as an issuer.
If a Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, the
Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on income distributed in a timely manner to its
shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, defined below).
As described above, each Fund intends generally to distribute at least annually to its shareholders
substantially all of its net investment income and all of its net capital gain. Any net investment
income retained by a Fund will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates. Although each Fund
intends generally to distribute all of its net capital gain each year, each Fund reserves the right
to retain for investment all or a portion of its net capital gain. If a Fund retains any net
capital gain, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may
designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who
(i) will be required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital
gain, their
shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares
of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their federal income tax
liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly-filed U.S. tax return to the extent the
credit exceeds such liabilities. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares
owned by a shareholder of a Fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the
difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders gross
income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence.
If a Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income
for such year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending
October 31 (or later if a Fund is permitted to elect and so elects), plus any retained amount from
the prior year, such Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed
amounts. Each Fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the
4% excise tax, although each Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an
additional distribution when circumstances warrant (e.g., the payment of excise tax amount deemed
by the Fund to be
de minimis
). Where a Fund has a taxable year that begins in one calendar year
and ends in the next calendar year, the Fund will be required to make this excise tax distribution
during its taxable year. There is a risk that a Fund could recognize income prior to making this
excise tax distribution and could recognize losses after making this distribution. As a result, an
excise tax distribution could constitute a return of capital (see discussion below).
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (Net Capital Losses) are not permitted to be deducted
against net investment income. A Fund may carry Net Capital Losses forward for eight years.
However, a Fund will not be able to utilize any Net Capital Losses remaining at the conclusion of
the eighth taxable year succeeding the taxable year in which such Net Capital Loss arose. All Net
Capital Losses carried forward are treated as short term and will offset short-term capital
61
gain
before offsetting long-term capital gain in the year in which they are utilized. While the
issuance or redemption of shares in a Fund will generally not affect the Funds ability to use Net
Capital Losses in succeeding taxable years, the Funds ability to utilize Net Capital Losses may be
limited as a result of certain (i) acquisitive reorganizations and (ii) shifts in the ownership of
the Fund by a shareholder owning or treated as owning 5% or more of the stock of the Fund.
Each Fund will be considered to be a nonpublicly offered regulated investment company if it does
not have at least 500 shareholders at all times during a taxable year. Very generally, pursuant to
Treasury Department regulations, expenses of nonpublicly offered regulated investment companies,
except those specific to their status as a regulated investment company or separate entity (e.g.,
registration fees or transfer agency fees), are subject to special pass-through rules. These
affected expenses (which include Management Fees) are treated as additional dividends to certain
Fund shareholders (generally including individuals and entities that compute their taxable income
in the same manner as an individual), and are deductible by those shareholders, subject to the 2%
floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions and other significant limitations on itemized
deductions set forth in the Code.
Taxation of Fund Distributions and Transactions in Fund Shares
A Funds shareholders may include other Funds of the Trust. The following summary does not discuss
the tax consequences to the shareholders of those other Funds of distributions by those
Funds or of the sale of shares of those Funds. Shareholders of such Funds should consult the
prospectuses and statements of additional information of those other Funds for a discussion of the
tax consequences to them.
The sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any
gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital
gain if the shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain if the
shares have been held for not more than one year. However, depending on a shareholders percentage
ownership in a Fund, a partial redemption of Fund shares could cause the shareholder to be treated
as receiving a dividend, taxable under the rules applicable to dividends and distributions
described below, rather than capital gain income received in exchange for Fund shares.
Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated
as long-term capital loss to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends received or deemed received
by a shareholder with respect to those shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a
taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if other shares of the same Fund are
purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly
purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Fund distributions are taxable to shareholders under the rules described below whether received in
cash or reinvested in additional Fund shares.
For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as
ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a Fund owned
the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder may have owned shares in
the Fund. Distributions attributable to the excess of net long-term capital gains from
62
the sale of
investments that a Fund owned (or was deemed to own) for more than one year over net short-term
capital losses from the sale of investments that a Fund owned (or was deemed to own) for one year
or less and that are properly designated by a Fund as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain
Dividends) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains. Distributions attributable
to the excess of net short-term capital gains from the sale of investments that a Fund owned (or
was deemed to own) for one year or less over net long-term capital losses from the sale of
investments that a Fund owned (or was deemed to own) for more than one year will be taxable to
shareholders as ordinary income. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, qualified
dividend income received by an individual will be taxed at the rates applicable to long-term
capital gain. In order for some portion of the dividends received by a Fund shareholder to be
qualified dividend income, a Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to
some portion of the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding
period and other requirements with respect to the Funds shares. A dividend will not be treated as
qualified dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level) (i) if the dividend is received
with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning
on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect
to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period
beginning 90 days before such date), (ii) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation
(whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions
in substantially similar or
related property, (iii) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment
income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (iv) if the
dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a
comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on
stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the
United States) or (b) treated as a passive foreign investment company (as defined below).
In general, distributions of investment income designated by a Fund as derived from qualified
dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income by a shareholder taxed as an
individual provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above
with respect to the Funds shares. In any event, if the qualified dividend income received by a
Fund during any taxable year is 95% or more of its gross income, then 100% of the Funds
dividends (other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend
income. For this purpose, the only gain included in the term gross income is the excess of net
short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss. Neither Fund anticipates that a
significant percentage of the dividends received by it will qualify as qualified dividend income
or for the corporate dividends-received deduction.
If a Fund receives dividends from an underlying fund that is taxed as a regulated investment
company for U.S. federal income tax purposes (Underlying RIC), and the Underlying RIC designates
such dividends as qualified dividend income, then the Fund is permitted, in turn, to designate a
portion of its distributions as qualified dividend income, provided the Fund meets the holding
period and other requirements with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.
Long-term capital gain rates applicable to most individuals have been temporarily reduced to 15%
(with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets) for taxable years
63
beginning before January 1, 2011.
If a Fund makes a distribution to its shareholders in excess of its current and accumulated
earnings and profits in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of
capital to the extent of each shareholders tax basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital
gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces the shareholders tax basis in its
shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by such
shareholder of the shares.
Dividends and distributions on each Funds shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax
as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Funds realized income and gains, even
though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular
shareholders investment. Such dividends and distributions are likely to occur in respect of
shares purchased at a time when the Funds net asset value reflects gains that are either
unrealized, or realized but not distributed. Such realized gains may be required to be distributed
even when the Funds net asset value also reflects unrealized losses.
For corporate shareholders (other than S corporations), the dividends-received deduction will
generally apply (subject to holding period and other requirements imposed by the Code) to a Funds
dividends paid from investment income to the extent derived from dividends received
from U.S. corporations. If a Fund receives dividends from an Underlying RIC, and the Underlying
RIC designates such dividends as eligible for the dividends-received deduction, then the Fund is
permitted, in turn, to designate a portion of its distributions as eligible for the
dividends-received deduction, provided the Fund meets the holding period and other requirements
with respect to shares of the Underlying RIC.
Under a notice issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in October 2006 and Treasury
regulations that have not yet been issued, but may apply retroactively, a portion of a Funds
income (including income allocated to the Fund from a real estate investment trust (as defined in
Code section 856) qualifying for the special tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code (a U.S.
REIT) or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a real estate
mortgage investment conduit (REMIC) or an equity interest in a taxable mortgage pool (TMP)
(referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to federal income tax in all
events. This notice also provides and the regulations are expected to provide that excess
inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as the Funds, will be allocated to
shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such
shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly.
As a result, a Fund investing in any such interests may not be a suitable investment for
charitable remainder trusts, as noted below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating
losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute
unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an
individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to
tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion
income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax
64
on such income, and (iii) in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction
in U.S. federal withholding tax.
Under current law, income of a Fund that would be treated as UBTI if earned directly by a
tax-exempt entity, generally will not be attributed and taxed as UBTI when distributed to
tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could
realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed
property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b). A
tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if a Fund recognizes excess inclusion income derived
from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs, if
the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Funds investment company taxable
income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund). Furthermore, any
investment in residual interests of a CMO that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create
complex tax consequences, especially if a Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt
organizations as shareholders.
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in
regulated investment companies that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs
or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in
section 664 of the Code) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax
annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will
not recognize UBTI as a result of investing in a Fund that recognizes excess inclusion income.
Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt
shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or
instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a Fund
that recognizes excess inclusion income, then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of
its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the
highest federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable
in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act,
each Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder,
and thus reduce such shareholders distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates
to such shareholders interest in the Fund. The Funds have not yet determined whether such an
election will be made. CRTs are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of
investing in the Funds.
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified
plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisor to determine the suitability of shares of a
Fund as an investment through such plans.
A distribution paid to shareholders by a Fund in January of a year generally is deemed to have been
received by shareholders on December 31 of the preceding year, if the distribution was declared and
payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November, or December of that preceding
year. The Trust will provide federal tax information annually, including information about
dividends and distributions paid during the preceding year to taxable investors and others
requesting such information.
65
A Fund generally intends to mail required information returns to shareholders prior to January 31
of each year. However, a Fund may apply with the IRS for an extension of the time in which the
Fund is permitted to provide shareholders with information returns. As a result, a shareholder may
receive an information return from a Fund after January 31.
Backup Withholding
Each Fund (or in the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary) generally is
required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and
redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund (or
the intermediary) (e.g., with an IRS Form W-9 (for U.S. shareholders) or IRS Form W-8BEN (for
foreign shareholders)) with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported
dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that he or she is not subject to such
withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is 28% for amounts paid through 2010. This rate will
expire and the backup withholding rate will be 31% for amounts paid after December 31, 2010, unless
Congress enacts tax legislation providing otherwise. Any tax withheld as a result of backup
withholding does not constitute an additional tax imposed on the record owner of the account, and
may be claimed as a credit on the record owners federal income tax return.
Withholding on Distributions to Foreign Investors
Dividend distributions other than Capital Gain Dividends are in general subject to a U.S.
withholding tax of 30% when paid to a shareholder that is not a U.S. person within the meaning of
the Code (a foreign shareholder). Persons who are resident in a country, such as the United
Kingdom, that has an income tax treaty with the U.S. may be eligible for a reduced withholding rate
(upon filing of appropriate forms), and are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the
applicability and effect of such a treaty.
For taxable years of a Fund beginning before January 1, 2008, a Fund was not required to withhold
any amounts (i) with respect to distributions (other than distributions to a foreign shareholder
(w) that had not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner was not a U.S. person,
(x) to the extent that the dividend was attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the
foreign shareholder was the issuer or was a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (y) that was within
certain foreign countries that had inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (z)
to the extent the dividend was attributable to interest paid by a person that was a related person
of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder was a controlled foreign corporation) from
U.S.-source interest income that, in general, would not have been subject to U.S. federal income
tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, to the extent such distributions were
properly designated by the Fund (interest-related dividends), and (ii) with respect to
distributions (other than (a) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who was present in
the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the
distribution and (b) distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. Real
Property Interest (USRPIs) as described below) of net short-term capital gains in excess of net
long-term capital losses, to the extent such distributions were properly designated by the Fund
(short-term capital gain dividends). Depending on the circumstances, a Fund may have made such
designations with respect to all, some or none of its
66
potentially eligible dividends and/or treated
such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. Pending
legislation would extend the exemption from withholding for interest-related and short-term capital
gain dividends for one year, i.e. for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2009. As of the
date of this Statement of Additional Information, it is unclear whether the legislation will be
enacted.
If the legislation is enacted, in order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a foreign
person would need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-US
status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of
shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary could determine to withhold even if a Fund
makes a designation with respect to a payment. Foreign persons should contact their intermediaries
regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
Under U.S. federal tax law, a beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign shareholder is not, in
general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses)
realized on the sale of shares of a Fund or on Capital Gain Dividends unless (i) such gain or
Capital Gain Dividend is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on
by such holder within the United States, (ii) in the case of an individual holder, the holder is
present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year
of the sale or the receipt of the Capital Gain Dividend and certain other conditions are met, or
(iii) the shares constitute USRPIs (as described below) or the Capital Gain Dividends are
attributable to gains from the sale or exchange of USRPIs in accordance with the rules set forth
below. However, these amounts may be subject to backup withholding, unless the foreign investor
certifies its non-U.S. status. Also, foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from a Fund
is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder will in
general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated
rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations, whether such income is
received in cash or reinvested in shares, and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be
subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax
treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income
tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the
shareholder in the U.S. Again, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income
tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results, and are urged to consult their
tax advisors.
Special rules apply to distributions to certain foreign shareholders (generally, nonresident alien
individuals and foreign corporations) from a Fund that is either a U.S. real property holding
corporation (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of the exceptions to the
definition thereof described below. Additionally, special rules apply to the sale of shares in a
Fund that is a USRPHC. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIsUSRPIs
are defined as any interest in U.S. real property or any equity interest in a USRPHCthe fair
market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the
corporations USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States and other
assets. A Fund that holds (directly or indirectly) significant interests in U.S. REITs may be a
USRPHC. The special rules discussed below will also apply to distributions from a Fund that would
be a USRPHC absent exclusions from USRPI treatment for interests in
67
domestically controlled U.S.
REITs and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in U.S. REITs.
In the case of a Fund that is a USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for the exceptions from the
definition of USRPI (described immediately above), amounts the Fund receives from U.S. REITs that
are derived from gains realized from USRPIs will retain their character as gains realized from
USRPIs in the hands of the Funds foreign shareholders (under current law, any direct USRPI gain
the Fund recognizes does not retain its character as USRPI gain in the hands of foreign
shareholders of the Fund, although this may change if certain pending legislation is enacted). In
the hands of a foreign shareholder that holds (or has held in the prior year) more than a 5%
interest in the Fund, such amounts will be treated as gains effectively connected with the
conduct of a U.S. trade or business, and subject to tax at graduated rates. Moreover, such
shareholders will be required to file a U.S. income tax return for the year in which the gain was
recognized and the Fund will be required to withhold 35% of the amount of such distribution. In
the case of all other foreign shareholders (i.e., those whose interest in the Fund did not exceed
5% at any time during the prior year), the USRPI distribution will be treated as ordinary income
(regardless of any designation by the Fund that such distribution is a short-term capital gain
dividend (in the event certain pending legislation is enacted) or a Capital Gain Dividend), and the
Fund must withhold 30% (or a lower applicable treaty rate) of the amount of the distribution paid
to such foreign shareholder. Foreign shareholders of a Fund are also subject
to wash sale rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax-filing and -payment obligations discussed
above through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares.
In addition, a Fund that is a USRPHC must typically withhold 10% of the amount realized in a
redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, and that shareholder must file a U.S. income
tax return for the year of the disposition of the USRPI and pay any additional tax due on the gain.
Before January 1, 2008, no withholding was generally required with respect to amounts paid in
redemption of shares of a Fund that (i) was either a USRPHC or would have been a USRPHC but for the
exceptions from the definition of USRPI (described above) and (ii) was domestically controlled
(such Fund, a domestically controlled qualified investment entity). Pending legislation would
extend the exemption from withholding for amounts paid in redemption of shares of a Fund that is a
domestically controlled qualified investment entity, fully retroactively, for one year, i.e.,
through December 31, 2008. If enacted, the pending legislation would be effective as of January 1,
2008. Unless and until the legislation is enacted, the exemption does not apply to amounts paid in
redemption of shares of a Fund that is a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, and
withholding is required.
Foreign shareholders in a Fund should consult their tax advisors with respect to the potential
application of the above rules.
Foreign Taxes
A Funds investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes on
dividends, interest, or capital gains which will decrease a Funds yield. Such foreign withholding
taxes and other taxes may be reduced or eliminated under income tax treaties between the United
States and certain foreign jurisdictions. Depending on the number of foreign
68
shareholders in a
Fund, however, such reduced foreign withholding tax rates may not be available for investments in
certain jurisdictions.
If, at the end of a Funds taxable year, more than 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund
is represented by direct investments in stock or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may
make an election which allows shareholders whose income from the Fund is subject to U.S. taxation
at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations to claim a
foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax return. In such a case,
the amount of foreign income and certain other taxes paid by the Fund would be treated as
additional income to Fund shareholders from non-U.S. sources and as foreign taxes paid by Fund
shareholders. Only foreign taxes that meet certain qualifications are eligible for this treatment.
Even if a Fund is eligible to make this election, it may determine not to do so in its sole
discretion, in which case any such qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund cannot be given this
special pass-through treatment by the Fund or its shareholders. Investors should consult their
tax advisors for further information relating to the foreign tax credit and deduction, which are
subject to certain restrictions and limitations (including a holding period requirement applied at
both the Fund and shareholder level imposed by the Code). Shareholders of the Taiwan Fund whose
income from the Fund is not subject to U.S. taxation at the graduated rates applicable to U.S.
citizens, residents or domestic corporations may receive substantially different tax treatment
of distributions by the Fund, and may be disadvantaged as a result of the Fund making the election
described in this paragraph.
Tax Implications of Certain Investments
Certain of a Funds investments, including investments in certain types of foreign securities,
foreign currencies, asset-backed securities, assets marked to the market for U.S. federal income
tax purposes, debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount, entities treated as partnerships
for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and, potentially, so-called indexed securities (including
inflation-indexed bonds), may increase or accelerate a Funds recognition of income, including the
recognition of taxable income in excess of the cash they generate. In such cases, a Fund may be
required to sell assets (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to generate the cash
necessary to distribute as dividends to its shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore
to eliminate any tax liability at the Fund level.
A Funds transactions in options, futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, swaptions and other
derivative financial instruments, as well as its hedging transactions, straddles and short sales,
are subject to one or more special tax rules (including, for instance, notional principal contract,
mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may
affect whether gains and losses recognized by a Fund are treated as ordinary or capital and/or as
short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to a Fund, defer losses, and
cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Funds securities. The rules could therefore
affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders. In addition, because
the tax rules applicable to derivative financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under
current law, in particular in respect of credit default swaps and certain other swaps with
contingent payment obligations, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect
to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether
69
a Fund has
made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its
qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a fund-level tax.
Certain of a Funds hedging activities (including transactions in foreign currencies or foreign
currency-denominated instruments) are likely to produce a difference between its book income and
its taxable income. If a Funds book income exceeds its taxable income, the distribution (if any)
of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Funds remaining
earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income (if any)), (ii)
thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipients basis in its shares, and (iii)
thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If a Funds book income is less
than its taxable income, the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to
qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.
A Funds participation in repurchase agreements and loans of securities may affect the amount,
timing, and character of distributions to shareholders. With respect to any security subject to a
repurchase agreement or securities loan, any (i) amounts received by the Fund in place of dividends
earned on the security during the period that such security was not directly held by the Fund will
not give rise to qualified dividend income or qualify as dividends eligible for the corporate
dividends-received deduction and (ii) withholding taxes accrued on dividends during
the period that such security was not directly held by the Fund will not qualify as a foreign tax
paid by the Fund and therefore cannot be passed through to shareholders even if the Fund meets the
requirements described in Foreign Taxes, above.
A Funds investments in U.S. REIT equity securities may result in the Funds receipt
of cash in excess of the U.S. REITs earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these
distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for federal income tax
purposes. Investments in U.S. REIT equity securities may also require a Fund to accrue and
distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite
distributions, a Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not
advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. For instance, to the extent
a Fund invests directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs,
it may have to allocate excess inclusion income to its shareholders, as described above in
Taxation of Fund Distributions and Transactions in Fund Shares, which may exceed any cash these
investments generate, potentially causing the Fund to sell portfolio securities in order to meet
its annual distribution requirements. Dividends received by a Fund from a U.S. REIT will not
qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not constitute qualified
dividend income.
Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for a
Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether in certain circumstances the
Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation and, if so, the amount of market
discount the Fund should recognize, when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue
discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or
worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated
between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as
and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient
70
income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to U.S.
federal income or excise tax.
A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations in which a
Fund may invest may not (and interest paid on debt obligations, if any, that are considered for tax
purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not) be deductible to
the issuer. This may affect the cash flow of the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or
accrued on certain high yield discount obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated
as a dividend for purposes of the corporate dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the
issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by a
Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the deemed dividend
portion of such accrued interest.
If a Fund invests in shares of Underlying RICs, its distributable income and gains will normally
consist, in part, of distributions from Underlying RICs and gains and losses on the disposition of
shares of Underlying RICs. To the extent that an Underlying RIC realizes net losses on its
investments for a given taxable year, the Fund will not be able to recognize its share of those
losses (so as to offset income or capital gain generated from other Fund investments, including
from distributions of net income or capital gains from other Underlying RICs) until it disposes of
shares of the Underlying RIC. Moreover, even when the Fund does make such a disposition, a portion
of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as favorably
for federal income tax purposes as a short-term capital loss or an ordinary deduction. In
particular, the Fund will not be able to offset any capital losses from its dispositions of
Underlying RIC shares against its ordinary income (including distributions of any net short-term
capital gains realized by an Underlying RIC).
In addition, in certain circumstances, the wash sale rules under Section 1091 of the Code may
apply to a Funds sales of Underlying RIC shares that have generated losses. A wash sale occurs if
shares of an Underlying RIC are sold by the Fund at a loss and the Fund acquires additional shares
of that same Underlying RIC 30 days before or after the date of the sale. The wash-sale rules
could defer losses in the Funds hands on sales of Underlying RIC shares (to the extent such sales
are wash sales) for extended periods of time.
As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, the amounts of net investment
income and net capital gains that a Fund will be required to distribute to shareholders may be
greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by
the Underlying RICs, rather than investing in shares of the Underlying RICs. For similar reasons,
the character of distributions from the Fund (e.g., long-term capital gain, eligibility for
dividends-received deduction, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the
Fund invested directly in the securities held by the Underlying RICs.
Depending on a Funds percentage ownership in an Underlying RIC both before and after a redemption
of Underlying RIC shares, the Funds redemption of shares of such Underlying RIC may cause the Fund
to be treated as receiving a dividend taxable as ordinary income on the full amount of the
distribution instead of receiving capital gain income on the shares of the Underlying RIC. This
generally would be the case where the Fund holds a significant interest in
71
an Underlying RIC and
redeems only a small portion of such interest. It is possible that any such dividend would qualify
as qualified dividend income taxable at long-term capital gain rates; otherwise, it would be
taxable as ordinary income.
Special tax considerations apply if a Fund invests in investment companies treated as partnerships
for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A Fund will be required to include its distributive share,
whether or not actually distributed by an investment company treated as a partnership, of such an
investment companys income, gains, losses, and certain other items for any investment company
taxable year ending within or with the Funds taxable year. In general, a Fund will not recognize
its distributive share of these tax items until the close of the investment companys taxable year.
However, absent the availability of an exception, a Fund will recognize its distributive share of
these tax items as they are recognized by the investment company for purposes of determining the
Funds liability for the 4% excise tax (described above). Therefore, if a Fund and an investment
company have different taxable years, the Fund may be obligated to make distributions in excess of
the net income and gains recognized from that investment company and yet be unable to avoid the 4%
excise tax because it is without sufficient earnings and profits at
the end of its taxable year to make a dividend. In some
cases, however, a Fund can take advantage of certain safe harbors which would allow it to include
its distributive share of an investment companys income, gains, losses and certain other items at
the close of the investment companys taxable
year for both excise tax purposes and general Subchapter M purposes, thus avoiding the problems
arising from different taxable years. A Funds receipt of a non-liquidating cash distribution from
an investment company treated as a partnership generally will result in recognized gain (but not
loss) only to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds the Funds adjusted basis in
shares of such investment company before the distribution. A Fund that receives a liquidating cash
distribution from an investment company treated as a partnership will recognize capital gain or
loss to the extent of the difference between the proceeds received by the Fund and the Funds
adjusted tax basis in shares of such investment company; however, the Fund generally will recognize
ordinary income, rather than capital gain, to the extent that the Funds allocable share of
unrealized receivables (including any accrued but untaxed market discount) and substantially
appreciated inventory, if any, exceeds the Funds share of the basis in those unrealized
receivables and substantially appreciated inventory.
A Funds transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and
certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments)
may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from
fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.
A Funds investments in certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), as defined below,
could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions
received from a PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in a PFIC, which tax
cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, a Fund may make
certain elections to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, a Fund may elect to treat a
PFIC as a qualified electing fund (QEF) (i.e., make a QEF election), in which case the Fund
will be required to include its share of the PFICs income and net capital gain annually,
regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC. Alternately, a Fund may make an
election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings to
72
the market as
though it had sold (and, solely for purposes of this mark-to-market election, repurchased) its
holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Funds taxable year. Such gains and losses are
treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may have the effect of
accelerating the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increasing the amount
required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections
therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not
advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the
recognition of gain and affect the Funds total return. A Fund that indirectly invests in PFICs by
virtue of the Funds investment in other investment companies may not make such elections; rather,
the underlying investment companies directly investing in PFICs would decide whether to make such
elections.
A PFIC is any foreign corporation in which (i) 75% or more of the gross income for the taxable year
is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets (generally by value, but by
adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce, or are held for the production of, passive
income is at least 50%. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest
(including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over
losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, income from certain
notional principal contracts, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not
include
rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income
received from related persons.
Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.
A U.S. person, including a Fund, who owns (directly or indirectly) 10% or more of the total
combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a U.S. Shareholder for
purposes of the controlled foreign corporation (CFC) provisions of the Code. A CFC is a foreign
corporation that, on any day of its taxable year, is owned (directly, indirectly or constructively)
more than 50% (measured by voting power or value) by U.S. Shareholders. From time to time, a Fund
may be a U.S. Shareholder in a CFC. As a U.S. Shareholder, a Fund is required to include in gross
income for U.S. federal income tax purposes all of a CFCs subpart F income, whether or not such
income is actually distributed by the CFC, provided that the foreign corporation has been a CFC for
at least 30 uninterrupted days in the taxable year. Subpart F income generally includes interest,
original issue discount (OID), dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or securities,
receipts with respect to securities loans and net payments received with respect to equity swaps
and similar derivatives. Subpart F income is treated as ordinary income, regardless of the
character of the CFCs underlying income, and net losses incurred by the CFC during a tax year will
not be available to a Fund for the purpose of offsetting such gain. To the extent a Fund invests
in a CFC and recognizes subpart F income in excess of actual distributions from the CFC, it may be
required to sell assets (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to generate the cash
necessary to distribute as dividends to its shareholders all of its income and gains and therefore
to eliminate any tax liability at the Fund level.
73
Loss of Regulated Investment Company Status
A Fund may experience particular difficulty qualifying as a regulated investment company in the
case of highly unusual market movements, or in the case of high redemption levels, and/or during
the first year of its operations. If a Fund were to not qualify for taxation as a regulated
investment company for any taxable year, the Funds income would be taxed at the Fund level at
regular corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including distributions
of net long-term capital gains and net tax-exempt income (if any), generally would be taxable to
shareholders as ordinary income. Such distributions generally would be eligible (i) to be treated
as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the
dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders, provided, in both cases, the
shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Funds shares.
In addition, in order to requalify for taxation as a regulated investment company that is accorded
special tax treatment, a Fund may be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes
and interest on such gains, and make certain substantial distributions.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of a Funds shares of
$2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate
shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct
shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement,
but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted.
Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of
most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these
regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss
is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these
regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
State, Local and Other Tax Matters
The foregoing discussion relates only to U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the
Funds for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations. The consequences
under other tax laws may differ. This discussion has not addressed all aspects of taxation that
may be relevant to particular shareholders in light of their own investment or tax circumstances,
or to particular types of shareholders (including insurance companies, financial institutions or
broker-dealers, tax-exempt entities, foreign corporations, and persons who are not citizens or
residents of the United States) subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws.
This summary is based on the Code, the regulations thereunder, published rulings and court
decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive
basis. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the precise tax consequences of an
investment in a Fund in light of their particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state,
local or other applicable tax laws.
74
TAXES: ALTERNATIVE ASSET OPPORTUNITY FUND, SPECIAL PURPOSE
HOLDING FUND, SPECIAL SITUATIONS FUND, WORLD OPPORTUNITY
OVERLAY FUND
The following tax section applies only with respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Special
Purpose Holding Fund, Special Situations Fund and World Opportunity Overlay Fund.
The Funds shareholders are other Funds of the Trust and certain accredited investors. The
following summary does not discuss the tax consequences to the shareholders of those other Funds of
the Trust, of distributions by those other Funds to their shareholders, or of the sale of shares of
those other Funds by their shareholders.
Fund Status
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, each Fund has elected to be treated as a partnership rather
than as an association taxable as a corporation or a publicly traded partnership (as defined in
Section 7704 of the Code) that is taxable as a corporation. In this regard, consistent with the
treatment of its assets and liabilities under the Trusts Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust
and Massachusetts law regarding business trusts, each Fund considers itself to be a separate
business entity from the other series of the Trust that should not be required to take into
account the assets, operations or shareholders of other series of the Trust for U.S. federal income
tax purposes (e.g., for purposes of determining possible characterization as a publicly traded
partnership). To each Funds knowledge, the IRS has not taken a position with respect to the
separate tax treatment of series of Massachusetts series trusts that are treated as partnerships.
The remainder of this discussion assumes that each Fund will be classified as a partnership for
U.S. federal income tax purposes that is separate from each other series of the Trust. As a
partnership, each Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Instead, shareholders will
be subject to tax on their distributive shares of each Funds taxable income. Each Fund intends to
monitor the number of its shareholders so as not to be treated as a publicly traded partnership.
Tax Determinations, Requests for Information, Elections, and Tax Matters Partner
The Manager will have considerable authority to make decisions affecting the tax treatment and
procedural rights of the shareholders. The Manager, at its option, will make all tax
determinations and oversee elections for each Fund including, pursuant to Section 754 of the Code
(as described more fully below), an election to adjust the basis of Fund property in the case of a
distribution of Fund property or a transfer of an interest in a Fund. The Manager will decide how
to report Fund items on the tax returns of each Fund, and all shareholders are required under the
Code to treat the items consistently on their own returns, unless they file a statement with the
IRS disclosing the inconsistency.
At the request of a Fund, shareholders may be required to provide the Fund with information about
the tax basis of their interest in that Fund upon a redemption or transfer of Fund shares.
The Manager, or, in the event that the Manager is not a shareholder of a Fund, such other
shareholder of that Fund as may be designated from time to time by the Manager, will be the
75
Tax
Matters Partner, as defined in Section 6231 of the Code, for that Fund. In the event the income
tax return of a Fund is audited by the IRS, the tax treatment of a Funds income and deductions
generally is determined at the Fund level in unified proceedings (at each level) before the IRS and
the courts, rather than in separate proceedings involving each shareholder. The Tax Matters
Partner generally will have the authority to negotiate, settle or contest any proposed adjustments.
An audit at the Fund level may result in an extension of the three-year statute of limitations on
assessments of deficiencies with respect to Fund items included in shareholders returns. There can
be no assurance that the Fund will not be audited and that adjustments will not be made.
Taxation of Shareholders
Each shareholder will be required to take into account in computing its U.S. federal income tax
liability its allocable share of a Funds income, gains, losses, deductions, credits and tax
preference items for any taxable year of that Fund ending with or within the taxable year of such
shareholder without regard to whether he or she has received or will receive a cash distribution
from the Fund. In general, any cash distributions by the Fund to a shareholder will represent a
nontaxable return of capital up to the amount of such shareholders adjusted tax basis in its Fund
shares.
The amount of tax due, if any, with respect to gains and income of a Fund is determined separately
for each shareholder. Each Fund will be required to file an information return on IRS Form 1065
and, following the close of the Funds taxable year, to provide each shareholder with a Schedule
K-l indicating such shareholders allocable share of the Funds income, gain, losses, deductions,
credits and items of tax preference. Each shareholder, however, is responsible for keeping its own
records for determining such shareholders tax basis in its Fund shares and calculating and
reporting any gain or loss resulting from a Fund distribution or redemption or other disposition of
Fund shares.
Each Fund will use the accrual method of accounting to determine its net profits or net losses for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. To the extent consistent with applicable law, each Fund will
adopt a taxable year ending on the 28th day (or 29th day, as applicable) of February as its taxable
year for accounting and U.S. federal income tax purposes. In the unlikely event, however, that one
or more shareholders having an aggregate interest in Fund profits and capital of more than 50%, or
all shareholders having a 5% or greater interest in Fund profits or capital, have a different
taxable year, a Fund may be required to adopt or change its taxable year. Such an event may
accelerate a shareholders recognition of its allocable share of a Funds income, gains, loss,
deduction, credits and tax preference items.
Fund Allocations
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the income, gains, losses, deductions, credits and tax
preference items of each Fund are allocated among the shareholders so as to reflect, in the
judgment of the Manager, the interests of the shareholders in the Fund. Although separate capital
contributions are generally treated as made by different shareholders for some purposes, in general
they will not be so treated for tax purposes. The Manager, in consultation with each
76
Funds tax
advisor, is authorized to select and modify allocations to comply with applicable tax regulations,
to make all tax elections and determinations, to oversee all tax elections, and to make special
allocations of specific items, including items of gross gain, income, loss or deduction. In
addition, allocations of income, gains, deductions or losses to or from redeeming shareholders
could result in shareholders (including the redeeming shareholder) receiving more or less items of
income, gain, deduction or loss (and/or income, gains, deductions or losses of a different
character) than they would in the absence of such allocations. Some or all of such allocations may
not have economic effect under U.S. Treasury Regulations and a successful challenge by the IRS of
such allocations may result in the redeeming shareholder and/or the remaining shareholders
recognizing currently greater income for tax purposes. In addition, each
Fund expects to use an aggregate method to account for its so-called reverse 704(c) allocations.
In general, Treasury Regulations permit such aggregate method to be used only by certain
securities partnerships and only with respect to qualified financial assets. A Fund may fail
to qualify to use the aggregate method, which could result in incremental administrative expenses
for the Fund, possible challenges by the IRS, and the possibility of some shareholders recognizing
more income and/or gain for federal income tax purposes than would otherwise be the case.
By purchasing shares of a Fund, the shareholders agree to be bound by these allocations, elections
and determinations. The IRS may successfully challenge any of the foregoing, in which case a
shareholder may be allocated more or less of any tax item.
Distributions and Adjusted Basis
In general, a shareholders adjusted basis in its interest will initially equal the amount of cash
and, if any, the adjusted basis in other property the shareholder has contributed for the shares
and will be increased by the shareholders proportionate share of Fund income and gains and
decreased (but not below zero) by the amount of cash distributions and the adjusted basis of any
property distributed from a Fund to the shareholder and such shareholders distributive share of
certain Fund expenses and losses. In addition, (1) a shareholders basis includes the shareholders
share of a Funds liabilities, and (2) decreases in the shareholders share of liabilities are
treated as cash distributions.
In general, a shareholder that receives cash in connection with the shareholders complete
withdrawal from a Fund will recognize capital gain or loss to the extent of the difference between
the proceeds received by such shareholder and such shareholders adjusted tax basis in its shares
immediately before the distribution. Gain or loss recognized as a result of a complete withdrawal
from a Fund generally will be short-term or long-term capital gain or loss depending on the
shareholders holding period for its shares in the Fund, except that a shareholder will generally
recognize ordinary income (regardless of whether there would be net gain on the transaction and
possibly in excess of net gain otherwise recognized) to the extent that the shareholder receives a
cash distribution for the shareholders allocable share of (i) previously untaxed unrealized
receivables (including any accrued but untaxed market discount) and (ii) substantially appreciated
inventory, if any. The basis attributable to any unrealized receivables or substantially
appreciated inventory might also affect the calculation of gain or loss from the other assets held
by the Fund. A shareholders receipt of a non-liquidating cash distribution from
77
a Fund generally
will result in recognized gain (but not loss) only to the extent that the amount of the
distribution exceeds such shareholders adjusted basis in its Fund interest before the
distribution. If a shareholder acquired portions of its interest at different times or acquired
its entire interest in a single transaction subject to different holding periods, the shareholders
interest generally will have a divided holding period, which could cause the shareholder to
recognize more or less short-term and long-term capital gain than it would have with a single
holding period.
A shareholder generally will not recognize gain or loss on an in-kind distribution of property,
from a Fund. If the distribution does not represent a complete liquidation of the shareholders
shares, the shareholders basis in the distributed property generally will equal a Funds adjusted
tax basis in the property, or, if less, the shareholders basis in its Fund shares before the
distribution. If the distribution is made in complete liquidation of the shareholders Fund
shares, the shareholder generally will take the assets with a tax basis equal to its adjusted tax
basis in its shares. Special rules apply to the distribution of property to a shareholder who
contributed other property to a Fund and to the distribution of such contributed property to
another shareholder. The tax law generally requires a partner in a partnership to recognize gain
on a distribution by the partnership of marketable securities, to the extent that the value of such
securities exceeds the partners adjusted basis in its partnership interest. This requirement does
not apply, however, to distributions to eligible partners of an investment partnership, as
those terms are defined in the Code. It is intended that each Fund be operated so as to qualify as
an investment partnership, although there can be no assurance that it will so qualify. If a Fund
qualifies as an investment partnership, each shareholder should qualify as an eligible partner,
provided that such investor contributes only cash and certain other liquid property to that Fund.
A shareholder cannot deduct losses from a Fund in an amount greater than such shareholders
adjusted tax basis in its Fund shares as of the end of that Funds tax year. A shareholder may be
able to deduct such excess losses in subsequent tax years to the extent that the shareholders
adjusted tax basis for its shares exceeds zero in such years. See At Risk Rules, Limitation
on Shareholders Deduction of Investment Expenses 2% Floor, Limitations on a Shareholders
Deduction of Interest, Effect of Ownership of Tax-Exempt Obligations on Interest Deductions, and
Organizational Expenses below for other limitations on the deductibility of Fund losses and
certain expenses.
There can be no assurance that Fund losses will produce a tax benefit in the year incurred or that
such losses will be available to offset a shareholders share of income in subsequent years.
Reimbursement of Fund Expenses
The Manager has contractually agreed to reimburse each Fund for specified Fund expenses (as
described in the Private Placement Memorandum under the heading Fees and expenses). Although each
Fund expects to take the position that the reimbursement of Fund expenses by the Manager does not
result in income to the Fund, or indirectly to its shareholders, the IRS could challenge this
position and prevail, with the result that the shareholders would recognize more income for U.S.
federal income tax purposes than would otherwise be the case.
78
Character and Timing of Income and Tax Implications of Certain Investments
A Funds income and gains, if any, may consist of ordinary income, short-term capital gains and/or
long-term capital gains. Accordingly, shareholders should not expect that any portion of any
taxable income of a Fund will necessarily consist of long-term capital gains taxable at reduced
rates or qualified dividend income taxable to individuals at long-term capital gain rates, although
some or all of the taxable losses (if any) realized by that Fund in a taxable year may consist of
long-term or short-term capital losses, the deductibility of which is subject to certain
limitations.
Certain of a Funds investments, including investments in certain types of foreign securities,
foreign currencies, asset-backed securities, assets marked to the market for U.S. federal income
tax purposes, debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount, U.S. REITs, entities treated as
partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and, potentially, so-called indexed securities
(including inflation-indexed bonds), may increase or accelerate a Fund shareholders recognition of
income, including the recognition of taxable income in excess of the cash the investments generate.
A Funds transactions in options, futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, swaptions and other
derivative financial instruments, as well as its hedging transactions, straddles and short sales,
are subject to one or more special tax rules (including, for instance, notional principal contract,
mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may
affect whether gains and losses recognized by a Fund are treated as ordinary or capital and/or as
short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to a Fund, defer losses, and
cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Funds securities. The rules could therefore
affect the amount, timing and/or character of income, gains, losses, and other tax items that are
allocable to shareholders and could cause shareholders to be taxed on amounts not representing
economic income. In addition, because the tax rules applicable to derivative financial instruments
are in some cases uncertain under current law, in particular in respect of credit default swaps and
certain other swaps with contingent payment obligations, an adverse determination or future
guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be
retroactive) may cause changes in a shareholders allocation of any tax item, possibly for prior
tax years.
Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have not yet been
issued, but may apply retroactively, a portion of a Funds income (including income allocated to
the Fund from a U.S. REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest
in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will
be subject to federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides and the regulations are
expected to provide that excess inclusion income of a partnership, such as the Funds, will be
allocated to shareholders of the partnership consistent with their allocation of other items of
income, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating
losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute
79
UBTI
to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a
Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such
an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income to file a tax return and pay tax on such
income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S.
federal withholding tax. See Tax-Exempt Shareholders below.
Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for a
Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether the Fund should recognize
market discount on a debt obligation and, if so, the amount of market discount the Fund should
recognize, when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to
what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities and how payments received
on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other
related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities.
A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations in which a
Fund may invest may not (and interest paid on debt obligations, if any, that are considered for tax
purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not) be deductible to
the issuer. This may affect the cash flow of the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or
accrued on certain high yield discount obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated
as a dividend paid by the issuer to the Fund and therefore corporate shareholders may be eligible
to take a dividends-received deduction with respect to their allocable share of that portion.
In addition, a Funds investments in certain debt obligations or derivatives may include OID. In
such case, a Fund will be required to include a portion of such discount in its taxable income on a
current basis, and allocate such income to the shareholders, even though receipt of such amounts by
the Fund may occur in a subsequent tax year. A Fund also may acquire debt obligations with market
discount. Upon disposition of such an obligation, which might include the receipt of securities
of the issuer in a recapitalization exchange, a Fund generally will be required to treat any gain
realized (and required to be recognized) as ordinary interest income to the extent of the market
discount that accrued during the period the debt obligation was held by the Fund. A Fund may also
elect to accrue such market discount into income on a current basis.
If a Fund invests in shares of Underlying RICs, its income and gains will normally consist, in
part, of distributions from underlying funds and gains and losses on the disposition of shares of
Underlying RICs. To the extent that an Underlying RIC realizes net losses on its investments for a
given taxable year, the Fund will not be able to recognize its share of those losses (so as to
offset income or capital gain generated from other Fund investments, including from distributions
of net income or capital gains from other underlying funds) until it disposes of shares of the
underlying fund. Moreover, even when the Fund does make such a disposition, a portion of its loss
may be recognized as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as favorably for federal
income tax purposes as a short-term capital loss or an ordinary deduction.
As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, the amount of income and
capital gains realized by a Fund may be greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund
invested directly in the securities held by the Underlying RICs, rather than investing in shares of
the Underlying RICs. For similar reasons, the character of such income and gains (e.g.,
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long-term
capital gain, eligibility for dividends-received deduction, etc.) will not necessarily be the same
as it would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by the Underlying RICs.
Depending on a Funds percentage ownership in an Underlying RIC both before and after a redemption
of Underlying RIC shares, the Funds redemption of shares of such Underlying RIC may cause the Fund
to be treated as receiving a dividend taxable as ordinary income on the full amount of the
distribution instead of receiving capital gain income on the shares of the Underlying RIC. This
generally would be the case where the Fund holds a significant interest in an Underlying RIC and
redeems only a small portion of such interest. It is possible that any such
dividend would qualify as qualified dividend income taxable at long-term capital gain rates;
otherwise, it would be taxable as ordinary income.
Furthermore, certain of the Funds investments may be in entities that are treated as partnerships
for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and as such, the Fund would be required to take into account
its distributive share of such entities income, gain, losses, deductions, credits and items of tax
preference. Consequently, the nature of the Funds income, gains, losses, deductions and credits
will largely depend on the activities and holdings of such partnerships and references to the
Funds tax items, activities and holdings in this section generally include the tax items, investments and activities realized, held or
conducted, as applicable, by the Fund directly or through such partnerships.
Due to potential timing differences between income recognition for tax purposes and actual cash
distributions, it is possible that a shareholder could incur tax liabilities in excess of actual
cash distributions made prior to the date the liability arises or the tax is due. To the extent a
Fund does not generally make distributions to its shareholders (see Distributions above), a
shareholders tax liability relating to that Fund is expected to exceed amounts distributed to such
shareholder in a particular year.
If eligible, a Fund may, in the discretion of the Manager (in consultation with its tax advisors),
make the election described in Section 475(f) of the Code (the mark-to-market election). If the
Fund makes the mark-to-market election, the rules described in this section will generally not
apply to the Funds transactions and the Fund instead will generally be required to recognize
ordinary gain or loss on many (or all) of its securities at the end of each taxable year as if the
Fund had sold such securities for their fair market value on the last business day of such taxable
year. The Manager currently does not expect to make the mark-to-market election, but may determine
to do so in the future.
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Effect of Straddle and Wash Sale Rules on Shareholders Securities Positions
The IRS may treat certain positions in securities held (directly or indirectly) by a shareholder
and its indirect interest in similar securities held by reason of its investment in a Fund as
straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The application of the straddle rules in such
a case could affect a shareholders holding period for the securities involved and may defer the
recognition of losses with respect to such securities. A loss a shareholder otherwise would
realize upon a disposition of securities either held directly or indirectly (including through a
Fund), may be disallowed in part or in whole if substantially identical securities were purchased
either directly by the shareholder or indirectly (including through that Fund) within 30 days
before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly-purchased securities will
be adjusted to reflect the loss.
At Risk Rules
The Code further limits the deductibility of losses by certain taxpayers (such as individuals and
certain closely-held corporations) from a given activity to the amount which the taxpayer is at
risk in the activity. Losses which cannot be deducted by a shareholder because of the at risk
rules may be carried over to subsequent years until such time as they are allowable. The amount
which a shareholder will be considered to have at risk generally will be the purchase price of
its interest plus the shareholders share of Fund income, gains and liabilities that are recourse
to the shareholder, minus the shareholders share of Fund expenses, losses and distributions. There
can be no assurance that a Funds losses allocable to a shareholder which are suspended by the at
risk rules will be available to offset a shareholders income and gains in subsequent years.
Passive Activity Loss Limitations
The Code further limits the deductibility of losses and expenses by noncorporate taxpayers from
activities in which the taxpayer does not materially participate. Generally, loss from such
passive activities may not be deducted from nonpassive income. To the extent that the total
deductions from passive activities exceed the total income from passive activities for a tax year,
the excess (the passive activity loss) is not allowed for that year and is carried forward as a
deduction from income from passive activities in subsequent years.
Limitations on Dividends-Received Deduction and Qualified Dividend Income
Shareholders that are U.S. corporations within the meaning of the Code may be subject to
limitations on or may not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction with respect to their
allocable share of dividends received by a Fund that are not paid by either U.S. corporations or by
certain qualifying foreign corporations.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, qualified dividend income received by an
individual will be taxed at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain for such individual,
provided the individual meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the
underlying securities generating such income. Dividends paid by foreign corporations will not
qualify as qualified dividend income unless, among other things, (a) the corporation paying the
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dividend is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States
or (b) the dividend is paid on stock of such a foreign corporation that is readily tradable on an
established securities market in the United States. In addition, dividends will not be qualified
dividend income if paid by a foreign corporation that is a PFIC. Dividends received by a Fund
from a U.S. REIT will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction and generally will not
constitute qualified dividend income. Each of the Funds does not anticipate that a significant
percentage of the dividends received by the Fund will qualify as qualified dividend income or for
the corporate dividends-received deduction.
Limitations on Shareholders Deduction of Interest
Section 163(d) of the Code imposes limitations on the deductibility of investment interest by
non-corporate taxpayers. Investment interest is defined as interest paid or accrued on
indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase properties to be held for investment. Investment
interest is deductible only to the extent of net investment income (i.e., investment income less
investment expenses). Investment interest which cannot be deducted for any year because of the
foregoing limitation may be carried forward and allowed as a deduction in a subsequent year to the
extent the taxpayer has net investment income in such year. Because all or substantially all
of the income or loss of a Fund will be considered to arise from property held for investment, any
interest expense incurred by a shareholder to purchase or carry its shares in that Fund and its
allocable share of interest expense incurred by that Fund may be subject to the investment interest
limitations.
Limitation on Shareholders Deduction of Investment Expenses 2% Floor
Depending on the nature of its activities, a Fund may be deemed to be either an investor or trader
in securities, or both if the Fund engages in multiple activities. If a Fund is deemed to be an
investor, certain Fund expenses (including the Management Fee) will be treated as miscellaneous
itemized deductions of the Fund for U.S. federal income tax purposes. An individual taxpayer and
certain trusts or estates that hold interests in a Fund (directly or through certain pass-through
entities, including a partnership, nonpublicly offered regulated investment company, Subchapter S
corporation, or grantor trust) may deduct such expenses in a taxable year only to the extent they
exceed 2% of the taxpayers adjusted gross income, but only if the shareholder itemizes deductions.
In addition, in the case of individuals whose adjusted gross income exceeds a certain inflation
adjusted threshold, the aggregate itemized deductions allowable for the year will be reduced by the
lesser of (i) 3% of the excess of adjusted gross income over the applicable threshold or (ii) 80%
of the aggregate itemized deductions otherwise allowable for the taxable year (this limitation
being applied after giving effect to the 2% limitation described above and any other applicable
limitations). The U.S. Treasury Department has issued regulations prohibiting the deduction
through partnerships of amounts which would be nondeductible if paid by an individual. These
limitations may apply to certain fees and expenses of the Fund, such as the Management Fee, and may
also apply to certain types of payments made by a Fund under a swap agreement. The amounts of
these fees and expenses will be separately reported to the shareholders and, as indicated above, if
the Fund is deemed an investor, will be deductible by an individual shareholder to the extent that
the shareholders miscellaneous deductions exceed 2% of the shareholders adjusted gross income.
This limit on itemized deductions is currently
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scheduled to be phased out over a five-year period
beginning after December 31, 2005 until December 31, 2009, after which time it will no longer
apply. However, the legislation enacting this reduction will expire and the 3% limitation on
deductions will return to pre-2006 levels after December 31, 2010, unless the U.S. Congress enacts
legislation providing otherwise. If a Fund is deemed to be a trader in securities, the 2% and 3%
limitations will not apply. Whether a Fund will be treated as a trader or investor will be
determined annually based upon an examination of that Funds trading practices.
Organizational Expenses
Certain organizational and offering expenses of a Fund are paid by the Manager. Given this fact,
the IRS could take the position that some portion of the Management Fee payable to the Manager
represents a reimbursement of such expenses paid by the Manager and therefore require that such
amounts be amortized or capitalized. It is not clear whether such a position would prevail in
court. If such expenses were treated as paid by the Fund, an election may be made by the Fund to
amortize organizational expenses over a 180-month period. However, offering expenses must be
capitalized and cannot be amortized or otherwise deducted.
Sale or Exchange of Partnership Property
Subject to the discussion above, gains or losses from the disposition of Fund property (including
sales of a Funds interests in other pooled investment vehicles) not held primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business generally should be treated as capital
gains or losses. The Fund might also realize capital gains or losses upon the modification of a
debt instrument or default of an issuer. These capital gains and losses may be long-term or
short-term depending, in general, upon the length of time the Fund holds the property. Property
held (or deemed held) for more than one year generally will be eligible for long-term capital gain
or loss treatment. The deductibility of capital losses may, however, be limited.
In the case of individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers, long-term capital gains generally are
taxed at a lower federal tax rate than ordinary income. Net capital gains of corporations are
currently taxed the same as ordinary income. The Manager does not have a duty to notify
shareholders if this (or any other law) changes.
The distinction between capital gains and ordinary income is significant not only with respect to
the maximum tax rate differential for individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers, but also with
regard to the rules concerning the offsetting of capital gains and losses. In general, capital
losses are allowed as an offset only against capital gains. If an individual (or other
non-corporate taxpayer) has a net capital loss, the first $3,000 may generally offset ordinary
income, and the excess may be carried over (but not back) indefinitely and applied first against
capital gains, and then against ordinary income up to $3,000 in each succeeding year. Corporations
may only offset capital losses against capital gains and may also be subject to other rules that
limit the use of losses in a particular taxable year, and the excess may be carried back for three
years and carried over up to five succeeding years.
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Alternative Minimum Tax
Both individual and corporate taxpayers could be subject to an alternative minimum tax (AMT) if
the AMT exceeds the income tax otherwise payable by the taxpayer for the year. Due to the
complexity of the AMT calculations, investors should consult with their tax advisors as to whether
the purchase of Fund shares might create or increase AMT liability.
Foreign Currency Transactions
A Fund may engage in transactions where the portion of the gain or loss attributable to currency
fluctuations will be treated as ordinary income or loss. In general, where some or all of the
amount that a Fund is entitled to receive or required to pay in a Code Section 988 transaction is
denominated in (or determined by reference to) a currency other than the U.S. dollar, the foreign
currency gain or loss attributable to the transaction and allocated to such shareholders is
calculated separately from any gain or loss on the underlying transaction and treated as ordinary
rather than capital. These transactions include, but are not limited to, the following: acquiring
or becoming the obligor under a debt instrument; accruing or otherwise taking into account any item
of expense or gross income or receipts that is to be paid or received at a later date; and entering
into or acquiring any forward contract, futures contract, option or similar financial
instrument. In general, the gain or loss from the disposition of nonfunctional currency is also
treated as gain or loss from a Code Section 988 transaction. The Fund may elect to treat gains or
losses from certain foreign currency contracts as capital gains or losses.
Tax Implications of the Subsidiary (Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and Special Situations Fund
only)
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund does and Special Situations Fund may invest a portion of its
assets in one or more wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries (each a Subsidiary) that are (or will be)
classified as corporations for United States federal income tax purposes. It is expected that each
Subsidiary will neither be subject to taxation on its net income in the same manner as a
corporation formed in the United States nor subject to branch profits tax on the income and gain
derived from its activities in the United States. A foreign corporation will generally not be
subject to such taxation unless it is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. Each
Subsidiary conducts (or intends to conduct) its activities in a manner so as to meet the
requirements of a safe harbor under Section 864(b)(2) of the Code (the Safe Harbor) pursuant to
which each Subsidiary, provided it is not a dealer in securities or commodities, may engage in the
following activities without being deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business: (1) engage in
the United States in trading securities (including contracts or options to buy or sell securities)
for its own account; and (2) engage in the United States in trading, for its own account,
commodities that are of a kind customarily dealt in on an organized commodity exchange and if the
transaction is of a kind customarily consummated at such place. Thus, each Subsidiarys
securities and commodities trading activities should not constitute a U.S. trade or business.
However, if certain of a Subsidiarys activities were determined to be not of the type described in
the Safe Harbor or if a Subsidiarys gains were attributable to investments in securities that
constitute USRPIs (which is not expected), then the activities of such Subsidiary may constitute a
U.S. trade or business.
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In general, a foreign corporation that does not conduct a U.S. trade or business is nonetheless
subject to tax at a flat rate of 30% (or lower tax treaty rate), generally payable through
withholding, on the gross amount of certain U.S.-source income that is not effectively connected
with a U.S. trade or business. There is presently no tax treaty in force between the U.S. and the
jurisdiction in which any Subsidiary is (or would be) resident that would reduce this rate of
withholding tax. Income subject to such a flat tax is of a fixed or determinable annual or
periodic nature and includes dividends and interest income. Certain types of income are
specifically exempted from the 30% tax and thus withholding is not required on payments of such
income to a foreign corporation. The 30% tax does not apply to U.S.-source capital gains (whether
long-term or short-term) or to interest paid to a foreign corporation on its deposits with U.S.
banks. The 30% tax also does not apply to interest which qualifies as portfolio interest. The
term portfolio interest generally includes interest (including OID) on an obligation in
registered form which has been issued after July 18, 1984 and with respect to which the person, who
would otherwise be required to deduct and withhold the 30% tax, received the required statement
that the beneficial owner of the obligation is not a U.S. person within the meaning of the Code.
Under certain circumstances, interest on bearer obligations may also be considered portfolio
interest.
Each Subsidiary is (or will be) wholly-owned by a Fund. A U.S. person who owns (directly or
indirectly) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign
corporation is a U.S. Shareholder for purposes of the controlled foreign corporation (CFC)
provisions of the Code. A CFC is a foreign corporation that, on any day of its taxable year, is
owned (directly, indirectly or constructively) more than 50% (measured by voting power or value) by
U.S. Shareholders. Because Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and Special Situations Fund each is
a U.S. person that owns (or will own) all of the stock of a Subsidiary, the applicable Fund is (or
will be) a U.S. Shareholder and the Subsidiary is (or will be) a CFC. As a U.S. Shareholder, the
Fund is (or will be) required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes all
of each Subsidiarys subpart F income (defined, in part, below), whether or not such income is
actually distributed by a Subsidiary, provided that the Subsidiary has been a CFC for at 30 least
uninterrupted days in the taxable year.
It is expected that all of each Subsidiarys income will be subpart F income. Subpart F income
generally includes interest, OID, dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or
securities, receipts with respect to securities loans and net payments received with respect to
equity swaps and similar derivatives. In particular, subpart F income also includes the excess of
gains over losses from transactions (including futures, forward and similar transactions) in any
commodities. The Funds recognition of each Subsidiarys subpart F income will increase the Funds
tax basis in each Subsidiary. Distributions by a Subsidiary to the Fund will be tax-free, to the
extent of its previously taxed but undistributed subpart F income, and will correspondingly reduce
the Funds tax basis in that Subsidiary. Subpart F income is treated as ordinary income,
regardless of the character of the Subsidiarys underlying income, and net losses incurred by the
Subsidiary during a tax year will not be available to the Fund for the purpose of offsetting such
gain.
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In general, each U.S. Shareholder is required to file IRS Form 5471 with its U.S. federal income
tax (or information) returns providing information about its ownership of the CFC and the CFC. In
addition, a U.S. Shareholder may in certain circumstances be required to report a disposition of
shares in a Subsidiary by attaching IRS Form 5471 to its U.S. federal income tax (or information)
return that it would normally file for the taxable year in which the disposition occurs. In
general, these filing requirements will apply to investors of a Fund if an investor is a U.S.
person who owns directly, indirectly or constructively (within the meaning of Sections 958(a) and
(b) of the Code) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of voting stock of a
foreign corporation that is a CFC for an uninterrupted period of 30 days or more during any tax
year of the foreign corporation, and who owned that stock on the last day of that year.
Certain Tax Considerations Relating to Certain Foreign Investments
Certain other foreign investments of a Fund, including investments in CFCs and PFICs, may cause a
U.S. shareholder to recognize taxable income prior to that Funds receipt of distributable
proceeds, pay an interest charge on receipts that are deemed to have been deferred or recognize
ordinary income that otherwise would have been treated as capital gain. It is not expected that a
shareholders indirect interest in a Fund investment in a foreign corporation (other than a
Subsidiary) will equal 10% of the voting power of the foreign corporation by reason of a Funds
share of such an investment. Each Fund has not committed to provide information about that Funds
investments that may be needed to complete any reporting requirements. Investors are urged to
consult with their own tax advisors with respect to these reporting requirements.
A Fund may make investments that subject the Fund and/or the shareholders directly or indirectly to
taxation and/or tax-filing obligations in foreign jurisdictions, including withholding taxes on
dividends, interest and capital gains. In particular, a Funds foreign investments may cause some
of the income or gains of the Fund to be subject to withholding or other taxes of foreign
jurisdictions, and could result in taxation on net income attributed to the jurisdiction if the
Fund were considered to be conducting a trade or business in the applicable country through a
permanent establishment or otherwise. Such foreign taxes and/or tax filing obligations may be
reduced or eliminated by applicable income tax treaties, although shareholders should be aware that
a Fund may not be entitled to claim reduced withholding rates on foreign taxes or may choose not to
seek any such claim. The tax consequences to shareholders may depend in part on the direct and
indirect activities and investments of the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund will be limited in its
ability to avoid adverse foreign tax consequences resulting from the Funds underlying investments.
Furthermore, some shareholders may not be eligible for certain or any treaty benefits. Subject to
applicable limitations, a shareholder may be entitled to claim, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, a credit for its allocable share of any foreign tax incurred by a Fund, including
withholding taxes, so long as such foreign tax qualifies as a creditable income tax under the
applicable Treasury regulations. Alternatively, a shareholder may elect to deduct its share of
such foreign taxes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
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Certain Reporting Requirements
A shareholder may be subject to certain reporting requirements that require such shareholder to
file information returns with the IRS with respect to certain transfers of cash or property by a
Fund to a foreign partnership. The shareholder will be relieved of these reporting requirements if
that Fund reports the transfer. It is the intention of each Fund to report such transfers. In
addition, in certain cases, a U.S. shareholder who owns or acquires, directly
or indirectly through a Fund, a 10% or greater interest in a foreign
partnership must report its interest in the foreign partnership
and/or certain
acquisitions, dispositions or proportional changes in its interest in
the foreign partnership.
A U.S. shareholder also may be required to report transfers of cash by a Fund to a foreign
corporation if the U.S. shareholder holds, through the Fund as well as directly or by attribution,
10% of the voting power of the foreign corporation, or the U.S. shareholder and persons related to
the U.S. shareholder have transferred, directly or indirectly, $100,000 to the foreign corporation
in a tax-free transfer. Under current regulations, this reporting must be made by a Funds U.S.
shareholders and may not be satisfied by the Fund. In addition, a shareholder that acquires,
directly or indirectly through a Fund, 10% by vote or value of the stock of a foreign corporation
must report certain acquisitions or dispositions of, or proportional changes of, its interest in
the foreign corporation. Certain other non-cash transfers by a Fund to foreign corporations may
trigger reporting requirements for shareholders treated as owning 5% or more of the foreign
corporation. It is not expected that a shareholders indirect interest in a Funds investment in a
foreign corporation (other than the Subsidiary) will equal 10% of the voting power of the foreign
corporation by reason of that Funds share of such an investment. Shareholders that are U.S.
persons may also be subject to filing requirements with respect to a
Funds direct or indirect investment in a foreign corporation classified as a PFIC regardless of
the size of such shareholders investment.
None of the Funds have committed to provide information (other than any information that the Fund
is required to provide by U.S. law) about Fund investments that may be needed to complete any
reporting requirements. The above discussion of U.S. reporting requirements is primarily directed
at U.S. persons. Investors are urged to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to these
reporting requirements.
Effect of Ownership of Municipal Obligations on Interest Deductions
Code Section 265(a)(2) disallows any deductions for interest paid by a taxpayer on indebtedness
incurred or continued for the purpose of purchasing or carrying tax-exempt obligations (e.g.,
certain municipal obligations). The IRS stated, in Revenue Procedure 72-18, 1972-1 C.B. 740, that
indebtedness incurred to finance a portfolio investment when the taxpayers portfolio also
includes tax-exempt assets, either directly or indirectly, will be deemed, in part, to be for the
purpose of purchasing or carrying such tax-exempt obligation. Thus, if a shareholder holds
tax-exempt obligations, either directly or indirectly through a Fund, the IRS might take the
position that any interest paid, directly or indirectly, by such shareholder on indebtedness
incurred to enable the shareholder to purchase investments should be viewed as incurred to enable
the shareholder to continue carrying tax-exempt obligations. As a result, the IRS might argue that
such shareholder should not be allowed to deduct the full amount of interest incurred. In addition,
pursuant to Revenue Procedure 72-18, each shareholder will be treated as incurring its
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share of any
indebtedness incurred by a Fund. Therefore, a shareholder owning tax-exempt obligations could be
denied a deduction for its share of any interest expense incurred by a Fund to purchase securities
or other portfolio investments.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Under current U.S. federal income tax law, tax-exempt shareholders are generally exempt from U.S.
federal income tax except to the extent that they have UBTI. A Fund may generate income that is
UBTI in the hands of tax-exempt shareholders. To the extent that a shareholder has borrowed to
finance an interest in a Fund or a Fund holds property that constitutes debt-financed property
(e.g., securities purchased on margin) or property primarily for sale to customers (dealer
property) income attributable to such property allocated to a shareholder that is an exempt
organization may constitute UBTI (only as to that portion of income that is treated as
debt-financed). Certain of the Funds other investments or activities may also generate UBTI
(e.g., by investments in operating pass-through entities). Furthermore, the IRS may take the
position that certain of the Funds investments in derivative instruments should be reclassified in
a manner that gives rise to UBTI. If a Fund generates UBTI, a tax-exempt shareholder of the Fund
generally would be required to file a tax return and could incur tax liability on its allocable
share of that UBTI. The characterization of certain income of the Fund as UBTI may depend in part
on the nature of the underlying investments made by entities classified as partnerships for U.S.
federal income tax purposes in which the Fund may invest.
Moreover, a CRT, as defined in section 664 of the Code, that realizes UBTI during a taxable year
must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to 100% of such UBTI.
Tax-exempt shareholders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the possible effects of
UBTI on their own tax situations as well as the general tax implications on an investment in a
Fund.
Termination of a Fund
In general, if within a 12-month period there is a sale or exchange of 50% or more of the interests
in a Funds capital and profits (other than by redemption by the Fund), a termination of that Fund
will occur for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and the taxable year of the Fund will close. If
such a termination were to occur, the Fund would be deemed to contribute all of its assets and
liabilities to a new partnership, and, immediately thereafter, the Fund would be deemed to
distribute interests in the new partnership to the purchasing shareholder and the continuing
shareholders in proportion to their respective interests in the Fund in liquidation of the Fund.
Such a termination could result in the acceleration of Fund income for that year to shareholders
and could generate other adverse tax consequences to some or all shareholders. Shareholders should
refer to the above section titled Distributions and Adjusted Basis for a discussion of the
treatment of distributions from the Fund. There are restrictions on a shareholders ability to
assign or transfer its Fund shares, in whole or in part.
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Withholding
The Manager, in its discretion, may withhold and pay any taxes with respect to any shareholder. In
such case, a shareholder will be deemed for all purposes to have received a payment from a Fund as
of the time each such withholding is paid by the Fund, which payment will be considered a loan from
the Fund to such shareholder. In the Managers discretion, any such taxes may be withheld from any
distribution otherwise payable to such shareholder, or alternatively, will be repayable by such
shareholder upon demand. In the discretion of the Manager, any such loan will bear interest at the
then applicable federal short-term rate under the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated
thereunder, from the date the loan is deemed to be made until its date of repayment or discharge.
Under the backup withholding rules, a Fund (or in the case of shares held through an intermediary,
the intermediary) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of
the taxable distributions paid to and proceeds of share sales, exchanges, or redemptions made by
any individual shareholder (including any foreign individual) who fails to furnish that Fund (or
the intermediary) (e.g., with an IRS Form W-9 (for U.S. shareholders) or IRS Form W-8BEN (for
foreign shareholders)) with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported
dividends or interest income, or who fails to certify that he or she is a United States person and
is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is 28% for amounts paid
through 2010. The backup withholding tax rate will be 31% for amounts paid after December 31,
2010. The backup withholding is not an additional tax and is creditable against a shareholders
tax liability.
U.S. Tax Shelter Rules
A Fund may engage in transactions or make investments that would subject the Fund, its investors
and/or its material advisors, as defined in Treas. Reg. Sec. 301.6112-1(c)(1), to special rules
requiring such transactions or investments by that Fund or investments in the Fund to be reported
and/or otherwise disclosed to the IRS, including to the IRSs Office of Tax Shelter Analysis (the
Tax Shelter Rules). A transaction may be subject to reporting or disclosure if it is described
in any of several categories of transactions, which include, among others, transactions that result
in the incurrence of a loss or losses exceeding certain thresholds or that are offered under
conditions of confidentiality. In particular, a shareholder may be deemed to engage in a loss
transaction where its allocable share of a loss derived from a Section 988 Transactions exceeds
$50,000 in a taxable year. Although a Fund does not expect to engage in transactions solely or
principally for the purpose of achieving a particular tax consequence, there can be no assurance
that the Fund will not engage in transactions that trigger the Tax Shelter Rules. In addition, an
investor may have disclosure obligations with respect to its shares in a Fund if the shareholder
(or that Fund in certain cases) participates in a reportable transaction.
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors about their obligation to report or disclose to
the IRS information about their investment in a Fund and participation in a Funds income, gain,
loss, deduction or credit with respect to transactions or investments subject to these rules.
In
addition, pursuant to these rules, a Fund may provide to its material advisors identifying
information about the Funds investors and their participation in the Fund
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and the Funds income,
gain, loss, deduction or credit from those transactions or investments, and the Fund or its
material advisors may disclose this information to the IRS upon its request. Significant penalties
apply for failure to comply with these rules.
Under U.S. tax law, if a Fund (or any fund in which a Fund directly or indirectly invests) engages
in certain tax shelter transactions a
tax-exempt shareholder could be subject to an excise tax
equal to the highest corporate tax rate times the greater of (i) such shareholders net income from
the transactions or (ii) 75% of the proceeds attributable to such shareholder from the
transactions. If such a tax-exempt shareholder knew or had reason to know that a transaction was a
prohibited tax shelter transaction a substantially higher excise tax could be applicable. In
addition, such tax-exempt shareholders could be subject to certain disclosure requirements and
penalties could apply if such
tax-exempt shareholders do not comply with such disclosure
requirements. There can be no assurance that the Funds (or any fund in which a Fund directly or
indirectly invests) will not engage or be deemed to engage in prohibited tax shelter transactions.
The excise tax does not apply to tax-exempt investors that are pension plans, although certain
penalties applicable to entity managers (as defined in section 4965(c) of the Code) might still
apply. Tax-exempt shareholders should consult with their own tax advisers regarding these
provisions.
Tax Elections
A Fund may make various elections for U.S. federal income tax purposes which could result in
certain items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit being treated differently for tax and
accounting purposes.
Elective and Mandatory Basis Adjustment of Partnership Property
Under Section 754 of the Code, each Fund generally may elect to adjust the basis of its assets in
the event of certain distributions to a shareholder, or a transfer of Fund shares from a
shareholder to a new or existing shareholder. Such an election, if made, could either increase or
decrease the value of the shares of the remaining shareholders or the transferee, respectively,
because the election would increase or decrease the basis of the Funds assets for purposes of
computing such shareholders or such transferees distributive share of Fund income, gains, losses
and deductions.
A Fund also must make these basis adjustments as though the Fund had made the Section 754 elections
described above in the case of (1) a transfer of Fund shares, if the Fund has a built-in loss of
more than $250,000 immediately following the transfer; or (2) a distribution of Fund property, if
the recipient acquires a basis in the property that exceeds by more than $250,000 the basis the
Fund had in the property, or a distribution where the distributee shareholder recognizes a loss of
more than $250,000. To determine whether the mandatory basis adjustment rules will be triggered
upon a shareholders transfer or withdrawal from a Fund, the Fund may request such shareholder
provide certain information, including information regarding such shareholders tax basis in its
Fund shares.
91
Certain Tax Considerations for Regulated Investment Company Shareholders
Special tax considerations apply to shareholders of a Fund that intend to qualify for the special
tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies (each, a RIC Shareholder) under Subchapter
M of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment
companies and their shareholders, a RIC Shareholder must, among other things:
(a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to
certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or
foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or
forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or
currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships
(as defined below) (the Good Income Test);
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of a Funds taxable year, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S.
Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities
limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds
total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii)
not more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets is invested (x) in the securities (other
than those of the U.S. Government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of
two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar, or related
trades or businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded
partnerships, as defined below (the Asset Test); and
(c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company
taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends
paidgenerally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains
over net long-term capital losses) and net tax-exempt interest income, for such year (the
Distribution Requirement).
If a RIC Shareholder fails to distribute in a calendar year substantially all of its ordinary
income for such year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period
ending October 31 (or later if a RIC Shareholder is permitted to elect and so elects), plus any
retained amount from the prior year, such RIC Shareholder will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the
undistributed amounts (the Excise Tax).
For purposes of the Good Income Test described in paragraph (a) above, income derived from a Fund
will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of
income of the Fund which would be qualifying income if realized by the RIC Shareholder in the same
manner as realized by the Fund. However, 100% of the net income derived by the Fund from an
interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as a partnership (i) interests in
which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or
the substantial equivalent thereof, (ii) that derives at least 90% of its income from passive
income sources defined in Code Section 7704(d), and (iii) that derives less than 90% of its income
from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) of the Good Income
92
Test above) that is
allocable to a RIC Shareholder will be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC
Shareholders Good Income Test.
Income a Fund derives from certain of its investments in derivatives related to commodities and
commodities indexes will not be considered Good Income for the purposes of the Good Income Test.
This may limit the extent to which a Fund invests in such contracts.
A RIC Shareholder will be required to include its distributive share, whether or not actually
distributed by a Fund, of the Funds income, gains, losses and certain other items for any Fund
taxable year ending within the RIC Shareholders taxable year. In general, a RIC Shareholder will
not recognize its distributive share of these tax items until the close of the Funds taxable year.
However, absent the availability of an exception, a RIC Shareholder will recognize its
distributive shares of these items as they are recognized by the Fund for purposes of determining
its liability for Excise Tax. Therefore, if a Fund and a RIC Shareholder have different taxable
years, the RIC Shareholder may be obligated to make distributions in excess of the net income and
gains recognized from that Fund and yet be unable to avoid the Excise Tax because it is without
sufficient earnings and profits at the end of its taxable year to make a dividend. In some cases, however, the RIC Shareholder
can take advantage of certain safe harbors which would allow it to include its distributive share
of a Funds income, gains, losses and certain other items at the close of the Funds taxable year
for both Excise Tax purposes and general Subchapter M purposes, thus avoiding the problems arising
from different taxable years.
With respect to investors in Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund and Special Situations Fund only,
RIC Shareholders should generally be entitled to treat the portion of income recognized by the Fund
as a result of its investment in a Subsidiary as qualifying income for purposes of the
Income Test. There is a risk, however, that the IRS could prevail in asserting that (i) a
Subsidiary should be disregarded as a separate entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (ii) a
Fund should be treated as recognizing income of a Subsidiary directly, or (iii) the acquisition of
control of a Subsidiary by a Fund had the principal purpose of evading or avoiding federal income
tax. Such a determination could cause some or all of the income derived from a Funds investment
in a Subsidiary to fail to be treated as qualifying income in the hands of a RIC Shareholder. Each
Fund believes that the risk of such a determination is remote.
Certain Tax Considerations for Foreign Investors
The federal income tax treatment of a nonresident alien, foreign corporation, foreign partnership,
foreign estate or foreign trust (foreign investor) investing as a shareholder in a Fund is
complex and will vary depending upon the circumstances of the shareholder and the activities of the
Fund, the Manager, and the Tax Matters Partner. This discussion does not address the tax
considerations that may be relevant to foreign investors who are subject to U.S. federal tax
independent of their direct or indirect investment in a Fund. Each foreign investor is urged to
consult with its own tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local and foreign tax treatment of
its investment in a Fund.
In general, the U.S. federal tax treatment of a foreign investor depends upon whether a Fund is
deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. Although it is not expected that the activities
93
of a Fund will cause the Fund to be deemed engaged in a U.S. trade or business, there can be no
assurance in this regard and an investment in the Fund could cause a foreign investor to recognize
income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (ECI). If the Fund were
treated as engaged in a U.S. trade or business, foreign investors would be subject to U.S. federal
income tax (generally collected by means of withholding) on a net basis (including, for certain
corporate foreign investors, an additional 30% branch profits tax) and tax return filing
obligations.
In addition, gain on the sale of USRPIs generally will be treated as ECI. Moreover, if a Fund
invests in equity interests in partnerships and other pass through entities and any such entity is
engaged in a trade or business, such trade or business will be attributed to the Fund and to the
shareholders and may result in the recognition of ECI by shareholders that are foreign investors.
Regardless of whether a Fund is in a U.S. trade or business, if the Fund receives certain types of
investment income such as dividends or interest other than portfolio interest from U.S. sources,
to the extent such income is allocated to a foreign investor, the Fund may be required to withhold
at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate). A Fund may withhold and pay any taxes with
respect to any foreign investor and any such taxes may be withheld from any distribution otherwise
payable to such foreign investor. Alternatively, a foreign investor may be required to reimburse
the Fund for the amount of such tax.
Considerations Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions
Shareholders may become liable for foreign tax and/or filing obligations in connection with the
activities or investments of a Fund outside the United States or in connection with income and
gain recognized by the Fund from foreign sources, whether or not shareholders receive any
distributions with respect to such investments. In addition, some of the Funds income from foreign
sources may be subject to tax in the applicable jurisdiction(s). Any such taxes paid by or
withheld from a Fund will reduce the value of the relevant shareholders capital accounts.
Shareholders may in some circumstances be able to claim relief under a double taxation treaty
between their country of residence and the applicable country of the foreign-source investment.
Investors subject to tax in jurisdictions outside the United States should consult their own
advisors regarding the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund. All prospective investors
should consult their own tax advisors regarding the foreign tax implications of an investment in a
Fund.
No Tax Benefits Expected
Because it is expected that an investment in a Fund will not reduce the cumulative tax liability of
a shareholder in any year as a result of tax losses, deductions or credits, prospective
shareholders should not invest with the expectation of receiving any such tax benefits.
Non-Income State, Local and Foreign Taxes
The foregoing discussion does not address the U.S. non-income state and local or foreign tax
consequences of an investment in a Fund. It is possible that a Funds activities might generate
94
tax return filing, reporting or tax payment obligations in Massachusetts or other U.S. state or
local or foreign jurisdictions. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors
regarding U.S. non-income, state, local, and foreign tax matters.
Summary; Laws Subject to Change
The foregoing discussion relates only to U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the
Funds for shareholders who are U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations. The consequences
under other tax laws may differ. This discussion has not addressed all aspects of taxation that
may be relevant to particular shareholders in light of their own investment or tax circumstances,
or to particular types of shareholders (including insurance companies, financial institutions or
broker-dealers, tax-exempt entities, foreign corporations, and persons who are not citizens or
residents of the United States) subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws.
This summary is based on the Code, the regulations thereunder, published rulings and court
decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive
basis. Neither the Funds nor the Manager has a duty to notify shareholders if any law changes.
Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the precise tax consequences of an investment
in a Fund in light of their particular tax situation, including possible foreign, state, local or
other applicable tax laws.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The following tables present information regarding each Trustee and officer of the Trust as of the
date of this Statement of Additional Information. Each Trustees and officers date of birth
(DOB) is set forth after his or her name. Unless otherwise noted, (i) each Trustee and officer
has engaged in the principal occupation(s) noted in the table for at least the most recent five
years, although not necessarily in the same capacity, and (ii) the address of each Trustee and
officer is c/o GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110. Each Trustee serves in office until
the earlier of (a) the election and qualification of a successor at the next meeting of
shareholders called to elect Trustees or (b) the Trustee dies, resigns, or is removed as provided
in the Trusts governing documents. Each of the Trustees of the Trust is not an interested person
of the Trust, as such term is used in the 1940 Act. Because the Funds do not hold annual meetings
of shareholders, each Trustee will hold office for an indeterminate period. Each officer serves in
office until his or her successor is elected and determined to be qualified to carry out the duties
and responsibilities of the office, or until the officer resigns or is removed from office.
95
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Number
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of
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Portfolios
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in
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Name, Date of Birth,
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Principal
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Fund
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and Position(s) Held
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Length of
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Occupation(s)
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Complex
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Other
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with the Trust
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Time Served
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During Past 5 Years
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Overseen
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Directorships Held
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Donald W. Glazer,
Esq.
Chairman of the
Board of Trustees
DOB: 07/26/1944
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Chairman of the
Board of Trustees
since March 2005;
Lead Independent
Trustee (September
2004-March 2005);
Trustee since
December 2000.
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ConsultantLaw and
Business
1
; Author of Legal
Treatises.
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48
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None.
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Jay O. Light
Trustee
DOB: 10/03/1941
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Since May 1996.
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Dean (since April
2006), Acting Dean
(August 2005-April
2006), Senior
Associate Dean
(1998-2005), and
Professor of
Business
Administration,
Harvard Business
School.
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48
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Director of Harvard
Management Company,
Inc.
2
and Verde,
Inc.; Director of
Partners HealthCare
System, Inc. and
Chair of its
Investment
Committee.
3
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W. Nicholas Thorndike
Trustee
DOB: 03/28/1933
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Since March 2005.
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Director or trustee
of various
corporations and
charitable
organizations,
including Courier
Corporation (a book
publisher and
manufacturer) (July
1989-present);
Putnam Funds
(December 1992-June
2004); and
Providence Journal
(a newspaper
publisher)
(December
1986-December
2003).
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48
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Director of Courier
Corporation (a book
publisher and
manufacturer);
Member of the
Investment
Committee of
Partners HealthCare
System,
Inc.
3
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1
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As part of Mr. Glazers work as a consultant, he provides part-time consulting
services to Goodwin Procter LLP (Goodwin). Goodwin has provided legal services to Renewable
Resources, LLC, an affiliate of GMO; GMO, in connection with its relationship with Renewable
Resources; and funds managed by Renewable Resources. Mr. Glazer has represented that he has no
financial interest in, and is not involved in the provision of, such legal services. In the
calendar years ended December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2007, these entities paid $825,738 and
$789,416, respectively, in legal fees and disbursements to Goodwin. In correspondence with the
Staff of the SEC beginning in August 2006, the Independent Trustees legal counsel provided the
Staff with information regarding Mr. Glazers relationship with Goodwin and his other business
activities. On September 11, 2007, based on information that had been given to the Staff as of that
date, the Staff provided oral no-action assurance consistent with the opinion of the Independent
Trustees legal counsel that Mr. Glazer is not an interested person of the Trust.
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2
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Harvard Management Company, Inc. is a client of the Manager.
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3
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Partners HealthCare System, Inc. is a client of the Manager.
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96
Officers
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Position(s) Held
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Length
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Principal Occupation(s)
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Name and Date of Birth
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with the Trust
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of Time Served
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During Past 5 Years
1
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Scott Eston
DOB: 01/20/1956
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President and Chief
Executive Officer
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President and Chief
Executive Officer
since October 2002;
Chief Financial
Officer, November
2006 February
2007.
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Chief Operating Officer and
Member, Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC.
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Sheppard N. Burnett
DOB: 10/24/1968
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Treasurer and Chief
Financial Officer
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Chief Financial
Officer since March
2007; Treasurer
since November
2006; Assistant
Treasurer,
September 2004
November 2006.
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Fund Administration Staff,
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo &
Co. LLC (June 2004-present);
Vice President, Director of
Tax, Columbia Management Group
(2002-2004).
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Brent C. Arvidson
DOB: 06/26/1969
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Assistant Treasurer
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Since August 1998.
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Senior Fund Administrator,
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo &
Co. LLC.
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John L. Nasrah
DOB: 05/27/1977
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Assistant Treasurer
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Since March 2007.
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Fund Administrator, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(September 2004-present); Tax
Analyst, Bain & Company, Inc.
(June 2003-September 2004);
Senior Tax Associate,
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
(2001-2003).
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Mahmoodur Rahman
DOB: 11/30/1967
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Assistant Treasurer
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Since September
2007.
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Fund Administrator, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(April 2007-present); Vice
President & Senior Tax
Manager, Massachusetts
Financial Services Company
(January 2000-April 2007).
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Michael E. Gillespie
DOB: 02/18/1958
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Chief Compliance
Officer
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Since March 2005.
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Vice President of Compliance
(June 2004-February 2005) and
Director of Domestic
Compliance (March 2002-June
2004), Fidelity Investments.
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Jason B. Harrison
DOB: 01/29/1977
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Vice President and
Clerk
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Vice President
since November
2006; Clerk since
March 2006.
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Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (since
February 2006) and Attorney,
Ropes & Gray LLP (September
2002-February 2006).
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David L. Bohan
DOB: 06/21/1964
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Vice President and
Assistant Clerk
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Vice President
since March 2005;
Assistant Clerk
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Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
(September 2003-present);
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97
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Position(s) Held
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Length
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Principal Occupation(s)
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Name and Date of Birth
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with the Trust
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of Time Served
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During Past 5 Years
1
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since March 2006.
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Attorney, Goodwin Procter LLP
(September 1996-September
2003).
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Gregory L. Pottle
DOB: 07/09/1971
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Vice President and
Assistant Clerk
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Since November 2006.
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Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
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Anne Trinque
DOB: 04/15/1978
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Vice President and
Assistant Clerk
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Since September
2007.
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Legal Counsel, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
(January 2007-present);
Attorney, Goodwin Procter LLP
(September 2003-January 2007).
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Cheryl Wakeham
DOB: 10/29/1958
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Vice President and
Anti-Money
Laundering Officer
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Since December 2004.
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Manager, Client Service
Administration, Grantham,
Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC.
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1
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Each of Messrs. Burnett, Arvidson, Bohan, and Pottle serves as an officer and/or
director of certain pooled investment vehicles of which GMO or an affiliate of GMO serves as the
investment adviser.
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Trustees Responsibilities.
Under the provisions of the GMO Declaration of Trust, the Trustees
manage the business of the Trust, an open-end management investment company. The Trustees have all
powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility, including the power to engage in
securities transactions on behalf of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may:
adopt By-Laws not inconsistent with the Declaration of Trust providing for the regulation and
management of the affairs of the Trust; amend and repeal By-Laws to the extent that such By-Laws do
not reserve that right to the shareholders; fill vacancies in or remove members of the Board of
Trustees (including any vacancies created by an increase in the number of Trustees); remove members
of the Board of Trustees with or without cause; elect and remove such officers and appoint and
terminate agents as they consider appropriate; appoint members of the Board of Trustees to one or
more committees consisting of two or more Trustees, which may exercise the powers and authority of
the Trustees, and terminate any such appointments; employ one or more custodians of the assets of
the Trust and authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to deposit all or any part of
such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities or with a Federal Reserve
Bank; retain a transfer agent or a shareholder servicing agent, or both; provide for the
distribution of Shares by the Trust, through one or more principal underwriters or otherwise; set
record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to various matters; and in general
delegate such authority as they consider desirable to
any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees, and to any agent or employee of the
Trust or to any such custodian or underwriter.
The Board of Trustees has three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Pricing Committee
and the Governance Committee. During the fiscal year ended February 29, 2008, the Audit Committee
held five meetings; the Pricing Committee held eight meetings; and the Governance Committee held
three meetings.
The Committees assist the Board of Trustees in performing its functions under the 1940 Act and
Massachusetts law. The Audit Committee provides oversight with respect to the Trusts accounting,
its financial reporting policies and practices, the quality and objectivity of the Trusts
financial statements and the independent audit of those statements. In addition, the Audit
Committee appoints, determines the independence and compensation of, and oversees the work
98
of the
Funds independent auditors and acts as a liaison between the Trusts independent auditors and the
Board of Trustees. Mr. Thorndike and Mr. Glazer are members of the Audit Committee. Mr. Thorndike
is the Chairman of the Audit Committee. The Pricing Committee oversees the valuation of the Funds
securities and other assets. The Pricing Committee also reviews and makes recommendations
regarding the Trusts Pricing Policies and, to the extent required by the Pricing Policies,
determines the fair value of the Funds securities or other assets, as well as performs such other
duties as may be delegated to it by the Board. Mr. Glazer and Mr. Thorndike are members of the
Pricing Committee, and Mr. Light is an alternate member of the Pricing Committee. Mr. Glazer is
the Chairman of the Pricing Committee. The Governance Committee oversees general Fund
governance-related matters, including making recommendations to the Board of Trustees relating to
Trust governance, performing functions mandated by the 1940 Act, as delegated to it by the Board of
Trustees, considering the skills, qualifications, and independence of the Trustees, proposing
candidates to serve as Trustees, and overseeing the determination that any person serving as legal
counsel for the Independent Trustees meets the 1940 Act requirements for being independent legal
counsel. Mr. Light, Mr. Glazer and Mr. Thorndike are members of the Governance Committee. Mr.
Light is the Chairman of the Governance Committee.
Shareholders may recommend nominees to the Board of Trustees by writing the Board of Trustees, c/o
GMO Trust Chief Compliance Officer, GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. A
recommendation must (i) be in writing and signed by the shareholder, (ii) identify the Fund to
which it relates, and (iii) identify the class and number of shares held by the shareholder.
Trustee Fund Ownership
The following table sets forth ranges of the current Trustees direct beneficial share ownership in
the Funds offered in the Private Placement Memoranda and the aggregate dollar ranges of their
direct beneficial share ownership in all Funds of the Trust (including Funds not offered in the
Private Placement Memoranda) as of December 31, 2007.
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Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares
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Dollar Range of
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Directly Owned in all
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Shares Directly Owned in
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Funds of the Trust (whether
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Funds Offered in the
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or not offered in the Private
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Name/Funds Offered in the
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Private Placement
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Placement Memoranda)
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Private Placement Memoranda
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Memoranda
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Overseen by Trustee
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Donald W. Glazer
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None
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Over $100,000
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Jay O. Light
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None
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None
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W. Nicholas Thorndike
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None
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None
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99
The following table sets forth ranges of Mr. Glazers indirect beneficial share ownership in the
Funds offered in the Private Placement Memoranda and the aggregate dollar range of his indirect
beneficial share ownership in all Funds of the Trust (including Funds not offered in the Private
Placement Memoranda), as of December 31, 2007, by virtue of his direct ownership of shares of
certain Funds (as disclosed in the table immediately above) that invest in other Funds of the Trust
and of other private investment companies managed by the Manager that invest in Funds of the Trust.
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Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares
|
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Dollar Range of
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Indirectly Owned in all
|
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Shares Indirectly Owned
|
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Funds of the Trust (whether
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in Funds Offered in the
|
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or not offered in the Private
|
Name/Funds Offered in the
|
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Private Placement
|
|
Placement Memoranda)
|
Private Placement Memoranda
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Memoranda
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Overseen by Trustee
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Donald W. Glazer
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Over $100,000
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Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
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$1 - 10,000
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Short-Duration Collateral Fund
|
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$10,001 - 50,000
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Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
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$1 - 10,000
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Taiwan Fund
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$1 - 10,000
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World Opportunity Overlay Fund
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$1 - 10,000
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Trustee Ownership of Securities Issued by the Manager or Principal Underwriter
None.
Trustee Ownership of Related Companies
The following table sets forth information about securities owned by the Trustees and their family
members, as of December 31, 2007, in entities directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or
under common control with the Manager or Funds Distributor, LLC, the Funds principal underwriter.
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Name of
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Name of Non-
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Owner(s) and
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Interested
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Relationship
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Title of
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Value of
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Trustee
|
|
to Trustee
|
|
Company
|
|
Class
|
|
Securities
2
|
|
% of Class
|
Donald W. Glazer
|
|
Self
|
|
GMO Multi-Strategy
Fund
(Onshore), a
private investment
company managed
by the
Manager.
1
|
|
Limited
partnership
interest- Class A
|
|
$1,065,767
|
|
0.031%
|
Jay O. Light
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
W. Nicholas Thorndike
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
The Manager may be deemed to control this fund by virtue of its serving as
investment manager of the fund.
|
|
2
|
|
Securities valued as of December 31, 2007.
|
Remuneration.
The Trust has adopted a compensation policy for its Trustees. Each Trustee receives
an annual retainer from the Trust for his services. In addition, each Chairman of the
100
Trusts
standing committees and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees receive an annual fee. Each Trustee
also is paid a fee for participating in in-person and telephone meetings of the Board of Trustees
and its committees, and a fee for consideration of actions proposed to be taken by written consent.
The Trust pays no additional compensation for travel time to meetings, attendance at directors
educational seminars or conferences, service on industry or association committees, participation
as speakers at directors conferences, or service on special director task forces or subcommittees,
although the Trust does reimburse Trustees for seminar or conference fees and for travel expenses
incurred in connection with attendance at seminars or conferences. The Trustees do not receive any
employee benefits such as pension or retirement benefits or health insurance. All current Trustees
of the Trust are non-interested Trustees.
Other than as set forth in the table below, during the fiscal year ended February 29, 2008, no
Trustee of the Trust received any direct compensation from the Trust or any Fund offered in the
Private Placement Memoranda, and no officer of the Trust received aggregate compensation exceeding
$60,000 from any Fund offered in the Private Placement Memoranda:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Person, Position
|
|
|
Donald W.
|
|
|
|
W. Nicholas
|
|
|
Glazer, Esq.,
|
|
Jay O. Light,
|
|
Thorndike,
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Trustee
|
Compensation from Each Fund
Offered in the Private Placement
Memoranda:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
$388
|
|
$305
|
|
$309
|
Short-Duration Collateral Fund
|
|
$21,761
|
|
$16,927
|
|
$17,080
|
Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
$3
|
|
$2
|
|
$2
|
Special Situations Fund
|
|
$495
1
|
|
$371
1
|
|
$371
1
|
Taiwan Fund
|
|
$2,941
|
|
$733
|
|
$4,740
|
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
$4,647
|
|
$3,610
|
|
$3,638
|
Pension or Retirement Benefits
Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses:
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon
Retirement:
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
Total Compensation from the Trust:
|
|
$310,299
2
|
|
$215,821
2
|
|
$225,680
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Reflects the period from the Funds commencement of operations on July 31, 2007
through February 29, 2008.
|
|
2
|
|
Reflects actual direct compensation received during the fiscal year ended February 29,
2008 from Funds of the Trust that had commenced operations on or before February 29, 2008,
including Funds that are not offered through the Private Placement Memoranda.
|
Mr. Eston does not receive any compensation from the Trust, but as a member of the Manager will
benefit from the management fees paid by the Funds and various other Funds of the Trust not offered
through the Private Placement Memoranda. The officers of the Trust do not receive any employee
benefits such as pension or retirement benefits or health insurance from the Trust.
101
As of June 9, 2008, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of the
outstanding shares of each class of shares of each Fund offered in the Private Placement Memoranda.
Code of Ethics.
The Trust and the Manager have each adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to the
requirements of the 1940 Act. Under the Code of Ethics, personnel are permitted to engage in
personal securities transactions only in accordance with specified conditions relating to their
position, the identity of the security, the timing of the transaction, and similar factors.
Transactions in securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds are permitted, subject to
compliance with the Code. Personal securities transactions must be reported quarterly and broker
confirmations must be provided for review.
The non-interested Trustees of the Trust are subject to a separate Code of Ethics for the
Independent Trustees pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Transactions by the Independent
Trustees in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds, are
permitted, subject to compliance with the Code of Ethics. Pursuant to the Code of Ethics, an
Independent Trustee ordinarily is not required to report his or her personal securities
transactions or to identify his or her brokerage accounts to a Fund or its representatives, subject
to certain limited exceptions specified in the Code of Ethics.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Management Contracts
As disclosed in the Private Placement Memoranda under the heading Management of the Fund, under
separate Management Contracts (each, a Management Contract) between the Trust, on behalf of the
Funds, and the Manager, subject to such policies as the Trustees of the
Trust may determine, the Manager furnishes continuously an investment or asset allocation program,
as applicable, for each Fund, and makes investment decisions on behalf of the Fund and places all
orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. Subject to the control of the Trustees,
the Manager also manages, supervises, and conducts the other affairs and business of the Trust,
furnishes office space and equipment, provides bookkeeping and certain clerical services, and pays
all salaries, fees, and expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust who are affiliated with the
Manager. As indicated under Portfolio TransactionsBrokerage and Research Services, the Trusts
portfolio transactions may be placed with broker-dealers who furnish the Manager, at no cost,
research, statistical and quotation services of value to the Manager in advising the Trust or its
other clients.
The Manager does not charge Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund, or World
Opportunity Overlay Fund any management or service fees. In addition, the Manager has
contractually agreed to reimburse Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Short-Duration Collateral
Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund, Special Situations Fund, and World Opportunity Overlay Fund for
specified Fund expenses (as described in the Private Placement Memorandum under the heading Fees
and expenses) through at least June 30, 2009.
102
Each Management Contract provides that the Manager shall not be subject to any liability in
connection with the performance of its services in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith,
gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties.
Each Management Contract was approved by the Trustees of the Trust (including a majority of the
Trustees who were not interested persons of the Manager) and by the relevant Funds sole initial
shareholder in connection with the organization of the Trust and the establishment of the Funds.
Each Management Contract continues in effect for a period of two years from the date of its
execution and continuously thereafter so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by
(i) the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees
who are not interested persons of the Manager or the Trust, and by (ii) the majority vote of
either the full Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the
relevant Fund. Each Management Contract automatically terminates on assignment, and is terminable
on not more than 60 days notice by the Trust to the Manager. In addition, each Management
Contract may be terminated on not more than 60 days written notice by the Manager to the Trust.
With respect to Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund, and World Opportunity
Overlay Fund, since the commencement of each Funds respective operations, none of the Funds has
paid a Management Fee to the Manager pursuant to the Management Contract.
With respect to Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Special Situations Fund and Taiwan Fund, the
Management Fee is calculated based on a fixed percentage of the Funds average daily net assets.
Pursuant to their Management Contracts, the Funds have paid the following amounts as Management
Fees to the Manager during the last three fiscal years:
103
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
Reduction
|
|
Net
|
ALTERNATIVE ASSET OPPORTUNITY FUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended 2/29/08
|
|
$
|
447,286
|
|
|
$
|
206,833
|
|
|
$
|
240,453
|
|
Year ended 2/28/07
|
|
|
847,780
|
|
|
|
233,513
|
|
|
|
614,267
|
|
Commencement of Operations
(4/11/05) Through 2/28/06
|
|
|
603,360
|
|
|
|
95,131
|
|
|
|
508,229
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SPECIAL SITUATIONS FUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commencement of Operations
(7/31/07) Through 2/29/08
|
|
$
|
1,092,706
|
|
|
$
|
145,170
|
|
|
$
|
947,536
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TAIWAN FUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended 2/29/08
|
|
$
|
2,395,136
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
2,395,136
|
|
Year ended 2/28/07
|
|
|
2,442,567
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
2,442,567
|
|
Year ended 2/28/06
|
|
|
2,098,026
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
2,098,026
|
|
In the event that the Manager ceases to be the manager of a Fund, the right of the Trust to use the
identifying name GMO may be withdrawn.
Portfolio Management
Day-to-day management of Taiwan Fund is the responsibility of GMOs Emerging Markets Division,
day-to-day management of Short-Duration Collateral Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund, World
Opportunity Overlay Fund and Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund is the responsibility of GMOs
Fixed Income Division, and day-to-day management of Special Situations Fund is the responsibility
of GMOs Asset Allocation Division. Each division is comprised of investment professionals
associated with the Manager. Each divisions members work collaboratively to manage a Funds
portfolio, and no one person is primarily responsible for day-to-day management of any Fund.
The following table sets forth information about accounts overseen or managed by the senior members
of GMOs Emerging Markets Division, Fixed Income Division and Asset Allocation Division as of
February 29, 2008.
104
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered investment companies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
managed (including non-GMO mutual
|
|
Other pooled investment vehicles
|
|
Separate accounts managed
|
Senior Member
|
|
fund subadvisory relationships)
|
|
managed (world-wide)
|
|
(world-wide)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
Number of accounts
1
|
|
Total assets
1,2
|
|
accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
Thomas Cooper
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
11,240,972,963
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
4,383,223,779
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
$
|
2,571,438,434
|
|
Arjun Divecha
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
13,774,224,991
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
2,104,142,952
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
5,149,766,275
|
|
Ben Inker
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
$
|
17,344,855,397
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
$
|
4,450,881,731
|
|
|
|
191
|
|
|
$
|
17,102,529,805
|
|
William Nemerever
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
11,240,972,963
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
4,383,223,779
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
$
|
2,571,438,434
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered investment companies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
managed for which GMO receives a
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
performance-based fee (including non-
|
|
Other pooled investment vehicles
|
|
Separate accounts managed (world-
|
|
|
GMO mutual fund subadvisory
|
|
managed (world-wide) for which GMO
|
|
wide) for which GMO receives a
|
|
|
relationships)
|
|
receives a performance-based fee
|
|
performance-based fee
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
|
accounts
|
|
Total assets
|
Thomas Cooper
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
2,063,715,595
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
1,306,616,728
|
|
Arjun Divecha
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
2,311,518,711
|
|
Ben Inker
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
$
|
8,772,135,837
|
|
William Nemerever
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
2,063,715,595
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
1,306,616,728
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Includes Funds of the Trust (including Funds not offered through the Private Placement
Memoranda) that had commenced operations on or before February 29, 2008.
|
|
2
|
|
For some senior members, Total assets includes assets invested by other GMO Funds.
|
105
Because each senior member manages other accounts, including accounts that pay higher fees or
accounts that pay performance-based fees, potential conflicts of interest exist, including
potential conflicts between the investment strategy of a Fund and the investment strategy of the
other accounts managed by the senior member and potential conflicts in the allocation of investment
opportunities between a Fund and the other accounts.
Senior members of each division are generally members (partners) of GMO. As of February 29, 2008,
the compensation of each senior member consisted of a fixed annual base salary, a partnership
interest in the firms profits and, possibly, an additional, discretionary, bonus related to the
senior members contribution to GMOs success. The compensation program does not
disproportionately reward outperformance by higher fee/performance fee products. Base salary is
determined by taking into account current industry norms and market data to ensure that GMO pays a
competitive base salary. The level of partnership interest is determined by taking into account
the individuals contribution to GMO and its mission statement. A discretionary bonus may also be
paid to recognize specific business contributions and to ensure that the total level of
compensation is competitive with the market. Because each persons compensation is based on his or
her individual performance, GMO does not have a typical percentage split among base salary, bonus
and other compensation. A GMO membership interest is the primary incentive for persons to maintain
employment with GMO. GMO believes this is the best incentive to maintain stability of portfolio
management personnel.
Senior Member Fund Ownership.
As of February 29, 2008, none of the senior members had any direct
beneficial ownership in the Funds discussed in this Statement of Additional Information that were
overseen or managed by such senior member as of February 29, 2008.
The following table sets forth the dollar range of each senior members indirect beneficial share
ownership in Funds discussed in this Statement of Additional Information that were overseen or
managed by such senior member, as of February 29, 2008, by virtue of the senior members direct
ownership of shares of certain other Funds of the Trust that invest in the Funds:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Senior Member
|
|
Dollar Range of Shares Indirectly Owned in the Fund
|
Thomas Cooper
|
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Short Duration Collateral Fund
|
|
$100,001-$500,000
|
|
|
|
Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
$1-$10,000
|
|
|
|
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
$50,001-$100,000
|
|
Arjun Divecha
|
|
Taiwan Fund
|
|
$1-$10,000
|
|
Ben Inker
|
|
Special Situations Fund
|
|
None
|
|
William Nemerever
|
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
$1-$10,000
|
|
|
|
Short-Duration Collateral Fund
|
|
$1-$10,000
|
|
|
|
Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
$1-$10,000
|
|
|
|
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
$1-$10,000
|
|
Custodial Arrangements and Fund Accounting Agents
. State Street Bank and Trust Company (State
Street Bank), One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 serves as the Trusts custodian and
fund accounting agent on behalf of certain of the Funds, and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (BBH),
40 Water Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, serves as the Trusts
106
custodian and fund accounting agent on behalf of the other Funds. As such, State Street Bank or
BBH holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to a Fund and, in such
capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to a Fund. Upon
instruction, State Street Bank or BBH receives and delivers cash and securities of a Fund in
connection with Fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with
respect to Fund portfolio securities. Each of State Street Bank and BBH also maintains certain
accounts and records of the Trust and calculates the total net asset value, total net income and
net asset value per share of each Fund on a daily basis.
Shareholder Service Arrangements
. As disclosed in their respective Private Placement Memoranda,
pursuant to the terms of a single Servicing Agreement with the Funds of the Trust, GMO provides
direct client service, maintenance, and reporting to shareholders of Alternative Asset Opportunity
Fund, Special Situations Fund and Taiwan Fund. The Servicing Agreement was approved by the
Trustees of the Trust (including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the
Manager or the Trust). The Servicing Agreement will continue in effect for a period of more than
one year from the date of its execution only so long as its continuance is approved at least
annually by (i) the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose, of a majority of
those Trustees who are not interested persons of the Manager or the Trust, and (ii) the majority
vote of the full Board of Trustees. The Servicing Agreement automatically terminates on assignment
(except as specifically provided in the Servicing Agreement) and is terminable by either party upon
not more than 60 days written notice to the other party.
The Trust entered into the Servicing Agreement with GMO on May 30, 1996. Pursuant to the terms of
the Servicing Agreement, Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Special Situations Fund and Taiwan
Fund paid GMO the following amounts (after reimbursement by GMO) during the last three fiscal
years:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 1, 2005
|
|
March 1, 2006
|
|
March 1, 2007
|
|
|
Through
|
|
Through
|
|
Through
|
|
|
February 28, 2006
|
|
February 28, 2007
|
|
February 29, 2008
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
$
|
201,120
|
(a)
|
|
$
|
282,593
|
|
|
$
|
149,096
|
|
Special Situations Fund
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
186,533
|
(b)
|
Taiwan Fund
|
|
|
388,523
|
|
|
|
452,327
|
|
|
|
443,544
|
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
Reflects fees paid from the Funds commencement of operations on April 11, 2005
through February 28, 2006.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Reflects fees paid from the Funds commencement of operations on July 31, 2007
through February 29, 2008.
|
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
. The Trusts independent registered public
accounting firm is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 125 High Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP conducts annual audits of the Trusts financial statements, assists in
the preparation of each Funds federal and state income tax returns, consults with the Trust as to
matters of accounting and federal and state income taxation, and provides assistance in connection
with the preparation of various SEC filings.
107
Counsel
. Ropes & Gray LLP, One International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as counsel
to the Trust. Bingham McCutchen LLP, 150 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, serves as
independent counsel to the non-interested Trustees of the Trust.
Transfer Agent.
State Street Bank serves as the Trusts transfer agent on behalf of the Funds.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
The Manager makes decisions to buy and sell portfolio securities for each Fund and for each of its
other investment advisory clients with a view to achieving each clients investment objectives,
taking into consideration client-specific factors such as, without limitation, cash flows into or
out of a client account, the accounts benchmarks, and cash restrictions. Therefore, a particular
security may be bought or sold for certain clients of the Manager even though it could have been
bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Also, a particular security may be bought for
one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling the security or taking a short
position in the security, including clients managed by the same investment division. It is the
Managers policy to aggregate and allocate portfolio trades in a manner that seeks to ensure that
each client receives fair and equitable treatment over time, as well as best execution.
In certain cases, the Manager may identify investment opportunities that are suitable for certain
registered investment companies, including some of the Funds, and one or more private investment
companies for which the Manager or one of its affiliates serves as investment manager, general
partner and/or managing member (GMO Private Funds). In most cases, the Manager receives greater
compensation in respect of a GMO Private Fund (including incentive-based compensation) than it
receives in respect of a Fund. In addition, senior members or other
portfolio managers frequently have a personal investment in a GMO
Private Fund that is greater than such persons investment in a similar Fund (or,
in some cases, may have no investment in the similar Fund). To help manage these potential
conflicts, the Manager has developed
and reviewed with the Trusts Board of Trustees trade allocation policies that establish a
framework for allocating initial public offerings (IPOs) and other limited opportunities that
takes into account the needs and objectives of each Fund and the other GMO clients. One of the
Private Funds managed by GMOs Emerging Markets Division, the GMO Emerging Illiquid Fund L.P.
(EIF), focuses on investments with relatively less liquidity. Consequently, certain types of
investments, including securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, IPOs and
private placements with smaller offering sizes and other relatively less liquid investments will,
within the Emerging Markets Division, ordinarily be allocated 100% to EIF as opposed to other
Emerging Markets strategies. In other cases, the GMO Emerging Markets strategies and EIF will
receive an allocation of limited investments that are suitable for each, but the GMO Emerging
Markets strategies may receive a lesser allocation, or no allocation, of such investments than
would be the case if the allocation were pro rated by assets. As a result, there may be cases
where EIF receives an allocation of a specific limited opportunity greater than would be the case
if the allocation were pro rated by assets. Similar issues may arise with respect to the
disposition of such securities. In general, the Emerging Markets Division and other GMO Divisions
divide IPOs between themselves pro rata based upon indications of interest.
108
Transactions involving the issuance of Fund shares for securities or assets other than cash will be
limited to a bona fide reorganization or statutory merger and to other acquisitions of portfolio
securities that meet all of the following conditions: (i) such securities meet the investment
objectives and policies of the Fund; (ii) such securities are acquired for investment and not for
resale; and (iii) such securities can be valued pursuant to the Trusts pricing policies.
Brokerage and Research Services
. In selecting brokers and dealers to effect portfolio transactions
for each Fund, the Manager seeks best execution. Best execution is not based solely on the
explicit commission charged by the broker/dealer and consequently, a broker/dealer effecting a
transaction may be paid a commission higher than that charged by another broker/dealer. The
determination of what may constitute best execution involves a number of considerations,
including, without limitation, the overall net economic result to a Fund, the efficiency with which
the transaction is effected, access to order flow, the ability of the executing broker/dealer to
effect the transaction where a large block is involved, reliability (e.g., lack of failed trades),
availability of the broker/dealer to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the
future, in the case of fixed income securities, the broker/dealers inventory of securities sought,
the financial strength and stability of the broker/dealer, and the relative weighting of
opportunity costs (i.e. timeliness of execution) by different strategies. In some instances, the
Manager may utilize principal bids with consideration to such factors as reported broker flow, past
bids, and a firms ability and willingness to commit capital. Most of the foregoing are judgmental
considerations made in advance of the trade and are not always borne out by the actual execution.
The Managers broker/dealer selection may, in addition to the factors listed above, also be based
on research services provided by the broker/dealer. In the case of GMOs Fixed Income Division,
the Manager may also direct trades to broker/dealers based in part on the broker/dealers history
of providing, and capability to continue providing, pricing information for securities purchased.
Best execution may be determined for investment strategies without regard to client specific
limitations (e.g., limits on the use of derivatives for anticipatory hedging).
Generally, the Manager determines the overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid upon
consideration of the relative merits of a number of factors, which may include: (i) the net
economic effect to the particular Fund, (ii) historical and current commission rates, (iii) the
kind and quality of the execution services rendered, (iv) the size and nature of the transactions
effected, and (v) research services received. In some instances, the Manager may evaluate best
execution on principal bids based on the total commissions charged (the bid for handling a trade as
a principal trade) since the trades were filled at the price set at an agreed upon time (e.g.,
previous nights close) and any additional impact or cost is represented by the cents per share
extra paid in addition to a typical commission rate. These factors are considered mostly over
multiple transactions covering extended periods of time and are used to evaluate the relative
performance of the brokers and other institutions used to effect transactions for accounts.
As noted, seeking best price and execution involves the weighting of qualitative as well as
quantitative factors and evaluations of best execution are, to a large extent, possible only after
multiple trades have been completed. Particularly in non-U.S. markets, the Manager does place
trades with broker/dealers that provide investment ideas and other research services, even if the
relevant broker has not yet demonstrated an ability to effect best price and execution; however,
109
trading with such a broker (as with any and all brokers) will be curtailed or suspended if the
Manager is not reasonably satisfied with the quality of particular trade executions, unless or
until
the broker has altered its execution capabilities in such a way that the Manager can reasonably
conclude that the broker is capable of achieving best price and execution.
The Manager will frequently use broker/dealers that provide research in all markets, and that
research is a factor in evaluating broker/dealer commissions. In all cases the research services
received by the Manager are limited to the types of research contemplated by Section 28(e) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act), and the Manager relies on the
statutory safe harbor in Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. However, the Manager does not directly
participate in any soft dollar arrangements involving third party research (i.e., research provided
by someone other than the broker/dealer) or the payment of any of the Managers out-of-pocket
expenses. Research services provided by broker/dealers take various forms, including personal
interviews with analysts, written reports, pricing services in respect of fixed income securities,
and meetings arranged with various sources of information regarding particular issuers, industries,
governmental policies, economic trends, and other matters. To the extent that services of value
are received by the Manager, the Manager may avoid expenses that might otherwise be incurred. Such
services furnished to the Manager may be used in furnishing investment advice to all of the
Managers clients, including the Funds. Services received from a broker/dealer that executed
transactions for the Funds will not necessarily be used by the Manager specifically to service the
Funds.
The Trust paid, on behalf of the Funds, the following amounts in brokerage commissions during the
three most recent fiscal years:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 1, 2005
|
|
|
March 1, 2006
|
|
|
March 1, 2007
|
|
|
|
Through
|
|
|
Through
|
|
|
Through
|
|
|
|
February 28, 2006
|
|
|
February 28, 2007
|
|
|
February 29, 2008
|
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity
Fund
|
|
$
|
124,066
|
(a)
|
|
$
|
102,088
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
Short-Duration Collateral Fund
|
|
$
|
9,853
|
|
|
$
|
18,809
|
|
|
$
|
17,020
|
|
Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
Special Situations Fund
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
(b)
|
Taiwan Fund
|
|
$
|
148,737
|
|
|
$
|
190,276
|
|
|
$
|
751,210
|
|
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
$
|
438,265
|
|
|
$
|
262,845
|
|
|
$
|
392,150
|
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
Reflects commissions generated from the Funds commencement of operations on April
11, 2005 through February 28, 2006. Brokerage commissions include commissions paid by the Fund and
its wholly-owned subsidiary.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Reflects commissions generated from the Funds commencement of operations on July
31, 2007 through February 29, 2008.
|
During the fiscal year ended February 29, 2008, none of the Funds held any securities of its
regular brokers or dealers (as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act) or of their parents.
Due to restrictions under the 1940 Act, it is possible that, as the result of certain affiliations
between a broker/dealer or its affiliates and a Fund, the Manager or the Funds distributor, all of
the Funds may refrain, or be required to refrain, from engaging in principal trades with such
broker/dealer. Additionally, the Funds may be restricted in their ability to purchase securities
issued by affiliates of the Funds distributor.
110
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Trust has adopted a proxy voting policy under which responsibility to vote proxies related to
its portfolio securities has been delegated to the Manager. The Board of Trustees of the Trust has
reviewed and approved the proxy voting policies and procedures the Manager follows when voting
proxies on behalf of the Funds. The Trusts proxy voting policy and the Managers proxy voting
policies and procedures are attached to this Statement of Additional Information as
Appendix
C
.
The Managers proxy voting policies on a particular issue may or may not reflect the views of
individual members of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or a majority of the Board of Trustees.
Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most
recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available on the Trusts website at www.gmo.com and on
the Securities and Exchange Commissions website at www.sec.gov no later than August 31 of each
year.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The policy of the Trust is to protect the confidentiality of each Funds portfolio holdings and to
prevent inappropriate selective disclosure of those holdings. The Board of Trustees has approved
this policy and material amendments require its approval.
Registered investment companies that are sub-advised by GMO may be subject to different portfolio
holdings disclosure policies, and neither GMO nor the Board of Trustees exercises control over
those policies. In addition, separate account clients of GMO have access to their portfolio
holdings and are not subject to the Funds portfolio holdings disclosure policies. Some of the
funds that are sub-advised by GMO and some of the separate accounts managed by GMO have
substantially similar investment objectives and strategies and, therefore, potentially similar
portfolio holdings.
Neither GMO nor any Fund will receive any compensation or other consideration in connection with
its disclosure of a Funds portfolio holdings.
GMO may disclose a Funds portfolio holdings (together with any other information from which the
Funds portfolio holdings could reasonably be derived, as reasonably determined by GMO) (the
Portfolio Holdings Information) to shareholders, qualified potential shareholders as determined
by GMO, and their consultants and agents (collectively, Permitted Recipients) by means of the GMO
website. The Funds Private Placement Memoranda describe the type of information disclosed on
GMOs website, as well as the frequency with which it is disclosed and the lag between the date of
the information and the date of its disclosure. The top fifteen holdings of certain series of the
Trust may be posted monthly on GMOs website. No confidentiality agreement is needed to access
this information. GMO also may make Portfolio Holdings Information available to Permitted
Recipients by email, or by any other means in such
scope and form and with such frequency as GMO may reasonably determine, no earlier than the
111
day
next following the day on which the Portfolio Holdings Information is posted on the GMO website
(provided that the Funds Private Placement Memorandum describes the nature and scope of the
Portfolio Holdings Information that will be available on the GMO website, when the information will
be available and the period for which the information will remain available, and the location on
the Funds website where the information will be made available) or on the same day as a publicly
available, routine filing with the SEC that includes the Portfolio Holdings Information.
To receive Portfolio Holdings Information, Permitted Recipients must enter into a confidentiality
agreement with GMO and the Trust that requires that the Portfolio Holdings Information be used
solely for purposes determined by senior management of GMO to be in the best interest of the
shareholders of the Fund to which the information relates.
In some cases, GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information that has not been
made available to Permitted Recipients on the GMO website or in a publicly available, routine
filing with the SEC. That disclosure may only be made if senior management of GMO determines that
it is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Fund to which the information relates. In
addition, the third party receiving the Portfolio Holdings Information must enter into a
confidentiality agreement with GMO and the Trust that requires that the Portfolio Holdings
Information be used solely for purposes determined by GMO senior management to be in the best
interest of the Funds shareholders. GMO will seek to monitor a recipients use of the Portfolio
Holdings Information provided under these agreements and, if the terms of the agreements are
violated, terminate disclosure and take appropriate action.
The procedures pursuant to which GMO may disclose to a third party Portfolio Holdings Information
that has not been made available to Permitted Recipients do not apply to Portfolio Holdings
Information provided to entities who provide on-going services to the Funds in connection with
their day-to-day operations and management, including GMO, GMOs affiliates, the Funds custodians
and auditors, the Funds pricing service vendors, broker-dealers when requesting bids for or price
quotations on securities, brokers in the normal course of trading on a Funds behalf, and persons
assisting the Funds in the voting of proxies. In addition, when an investor indicates that it
wants to purchase shares of a Fund in exchange for securities acceptable to GMO, GMO may make
available a list of securities that it would be willing to accept for the Fund, and, from time to
time, the securities on the list may overlap with securities currently held by the Fund.
No provision of this policy is intended to restrict or prevent the disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
Information as may be required by applicable law, rules or regulations.
Senior management of GMO may authorize any exceptions to these procedures. Exceptions must be
disclosed to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust.
If senior management of GMO identifies a potential conflict with respect to the disclosure of
Portfolio Holdings Information between the interests of a Funds shareholders, on the one hand, and
GMO or an affiliated person of GMO or the Fund, on the other, GMO is required to inform the Trusts
Chief Compliance Officer of the potential conflict, and the Trusts Chief Compliance
Officer has the power to decide whether, in light of the potential conflict, disclosure should be
112
permitted under the circumstances. The Trusts Chief Compliance Officer also is required to report
his decision to the Board of Trustees.
GMO periodically reports the following information to the Board of Trustees:
|
|
|
Determinations made by senior management of GMO relating to the use of Portfolio
Holdings Information by Permitted Recipients and third parties;
|
|
|
|
|
The nature and scope of disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information to third parties;
|
|
|
|
|
Exceptions to the disclosure policy authorized by senior management of GMO; and
|
|
|
|
|
Any other information the Trustees may request relating to the disclosure of Portfolio
Holdings Information.
|
Ongoing Arrangements To Make Portfolio Holdings Available
.
Senior management of GMO has authorized
disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going basis (generally, daily, except with
respect to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which receives holdings quarterly and as necessary in
connection with the services it provides to the Funds) to the following entities that provide
on-going services to the Funds in connection with their day-to-day operations and management,
provided that they agree or have a duty to maintain this information in confidence:
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Recipient
|
|
Funds
|
|
Purpose of Disclosure
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company
|
|
All Funds (except Taiwan Fund)
|
|
Custodial services
|
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Compliance testing
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
|
|
Taiwan Fund
|
|
Custodial services and compliance testing
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boston Global Advisors
|
|
All Funds (except Special Purpose Holding Fund)
|
|
Securities lending services
|
|
|
|
|
|
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Independent registered public accounting firm
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISS Governance Services
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Corporate actions services
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interactive Data
|
|
Taiwan Fund
|
|
Fair value pricing
|
|
|
|
|
|
FactSet
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Data service provider
|
Senior management of GMO has authorized disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information on an on-going
basis (daily) to the following recipients, provided that they agree or have a duty to maintain this
information in confidence and are limited to using the information for the specific purpose for
which it was provided:
113
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Recipient
|
|
Funds
|
|
Purpose of Disclosure
|
Epstein & Associates, Inc.
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Software provider for Code of Ethics monitoring system
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial Models Company Inc.
|
|
All Funds
|
|
Recordkeeping system
|
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
The Trust, an open-end management investment company, is organized as a Massachusetts business
trust under the laws of Massachusetts by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust (Declaration of
Trust) dated June 24, 1985, as amended and restated June 23, 2000, and as such Declaration of
Trust may be amended from time to time. A copy of the Declaration of Trust is on file with the
Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Trust operates as a series investment
company that consists of separate series of investment portfolios, each of which is represented by
a separate series of shares of beneficial interest. Each Fund is a series of the Trust. The
fiscal year for each Fund ends on the last day of February.
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have currently authorized the issuance of an
unlimited number of full and fractional shares of forty-eight series: Tobacco-Free Core Fund; U.S.
Quality Equity Fund; Real Estate Fund; Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund; International Intrinsic
Value Fund; Currency Hedged International Equity Fund; Foreign Fund; Foreign Small Companies Fund;
International Small Companies Fund; Emerging Markets Fund; Emerging Countries Fund; Emerging
Markets Opportunities Fund; Tax-Managed International Equities Fund; Domestic Bond Fund; Core Plus
Bond Fund; International Bond Fund; Currency Hedged International Bond Fund; Global Bond Fund;
Emerging Country Debt Fund; Short-Duration Investment Fund; Alpha Only Fund; Benchmark-Free
Allocation Fund; International Equity Allocation Fund; Global Balanced Asset Allocation Fund;
Global Equity Allocation Fund; U.S. Equity Allocation Fund; Special Purpose Holding Fund;
Short-Duration Collateral Fund; Taiwan Fund; Global Growth Fund; World Opportunity Overlay Fund;
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund; Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund; World Opportunities
Equity Allocation Fund; Developed World Stock Fund; U.S. Growth Fund; International Core Equity
Fund; International Growth Equity Fund; U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund; U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund;
U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Fund; U.S. Core Equity Fund; Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund;
Strategic Fixed Income Fund; International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund; Inflation Indexed
Plus Bond Fund; Special Situations Fund; and Flexible Equities Fund.
Interests in each portfolio (Fund) are represented by shares of the corresponding series. Each
share of each series represents an equal proportionate interest, together with each other share, in
the corresponding Fund. The shares of such series do not have any preemptive rights. Upon
liquidation of a Fund, shareholders of the corresponding series are entitled to share pro rata in
the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders. The Declaration of Trust
also
114
permits the Trustees to charge shareholders directly for custodial, transfer agency, and servicing
expenses, but the Trustees have no present intention to make such charges.
The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees, without shareholder approval, to subdivide any
series of shares into various sub-series or classes of shares with such dividend preferences and
other rights as the Trustees may designate. This power is intended to allow the Trustees to
provide for an equitable allocation of the effect of any future regulatory requirements that might
affect various classes of shareholders differently. The Trustees have currently authorized the
establishment and designation of up to nine classes of shares for each series of the Trust: Class I
Shares, Class II Shares, Class III Shares, Class IV Shares, Class V Shares, Class VI Shares, Class
VII Shares, Class VIII Shares, and Class M Shares.
The Trustees may also, without shareholder approval, establish one or more additional separate
portfolios for investments in the Trust or merge two or more existing portfolios (i.e., a new
fund). Shareholders investments in such a portfolio would be evidenced by a separate series of
shares.
The Declaration of Trust provides for the perpetual existence of the Trust. The Trust, however, may
be terminated at any time by vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust.
While the Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees may also terminate the Trust upon
written notice to the shareholders, the 1940 Act requires that the Trust receive the authorization
of a majority of its outstanding shares in order to change the nature of its business so as to
cease to be an investment company.
On June 2, 2008, the following shareholders held greater than 25% of the outstanding shares of a
Fund of the Trust offered in the Private Placement Memoranda:
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
Shareholders
|
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
GMO Benchmark Free Allocation Fund
|
|
|
c/o GMO
|
|
|
40 Rowes Wharf
|
|
|
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
|
GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund
|
|
GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund
|
|
|
c/o GMO
|
|
|
40 Rowes Wharf
|
|
|
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
|
GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
VERIB NYXF1776322
|
|
|
Attn: Mutual Funds Operations
|
|
|
PO Box 3198
|
|
|
Pittsburgh, PA 15230
|
115
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
Shareholders
|
GMO Taiwan Fund
|
|
State of Connecticut Retirement
|
|
|
Plans and Trust Funds
|
|
|
55 Elm Street
|
|
|
Hartford, CT 06106
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pension Reserves Investment Trust
|
|
|
Stanley P Mavromates JR Deputy CIO
|
|
|
84 State Street Suite 250
|
|
|
Boston, MA 02109
|
|
|
|
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund
|
|
|
c/o GMO
|
|
|
40 Rowes Wharf
|
|
|
Boston, MA 02110
|
As a result, such shareholders may be deemed to control their respective series as such term is
defined in the 1940 Act.
Shareholders should be aware that to the extent a shareholders investment in a Fund exceeds
certain threshold amounts or percentages, the investment may constitute a reportable acquisition
under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act (HSR) and the shareholder may be required to make a corresponding
filing under HSR. HSR regulations are complex and shareholders should consult their legal advisers
about the precise HSR filing consequences of an investment in a Fund.
As of June 1, 2008, substantially all of each Funds shares were held by accounts for which the
Manager has investment discretion.
MULTIPLE CLASSES
The Manager makes all decisions relating to aggregation of accounts for purposes of determining
eligibility for the various classes of shares offered by a Fund. When making decisions regarding
whether accounts should be aggregated because they are part of a larger client relationship, the
Manager considers several factors including, but not limited to, whether: the multiple accounts are
for one or more subsidiaries of the same parent company; the multiple accounts have the same
beneficial owner regardless of the legal form of ownership; the investment mandate is the same or
substantially similar across the relationship; the asset allocation strategies are substantially
similar across the relationship; GMO reports to the same investment board; the consultant is the
same for the entire relationship; GMO services the relationship through a single GMO relationship
manager; the relationships have substantially similar reporting requirements; and/or the
relationship can be serviced from a single geographic location.
116
VOTING RIGHTS
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (with fractional votes for
fractional shares held) and to vote by individual Fund (to the extent described below) in the
election of Trustees and the termination of the Trust and on other matters submitted to the vote of
shareholders. Shareholders vote by individual Fund on all matters except (i) when required by the
1940 Act, shares are voted in the aggregate and not by individual Fund, and (ii) when the Trustees
have determined that the matter affects the interests of more than one Fund, then shareholders of
the affected Funds are entitled to vote. Shareholders of one Fund are not entitled to vote on
matters exclusively affecting another Fund including, without limitation, such matters as the
adoption of or change in the investment objectives, policies, or restrictions of the other Fund and
the approval of the investment advisory contract of the other Fund. Shareholders of a particular
class of shares do not have separate class voting rights except for matters that affect only that
class of shares and as otherwise required by law.
Normally the Trust does not hold meetings of shareholders to elect Trustees except in accordance
with the 1940 Act (i) the Trust will hold a shareholders meeting for the election of Trustees at
such time as less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders,
and (ii) if, as a result of a vacancy in the Board of Trustees, less than two-thirds of the
Trustees holding office have been elected by the shareholders, that vacancy may only be filled by a
vote of the shareholders. In addition, Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent
signed by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares and filed with the Trusts custodian
or by a vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for
that purpose, which meeting shall be held upon the written request of the holders of not less than
10% of the outstanding shares. Upon written request by the holders of at least 1% of the
outstanding shares stating that such shareholders wish to communicate with the other shareholders
for the purpose of obtaining the signatures necessary to demand a meeting to consider removal of a
Trustee, the Trust has undertaken to provide a list of shareholders or to disseminate appropriate
materials (at the expense of the requesting shareholders). Except as set forth above, the Trustees
will continue to hold office and may appoint successor Trustees. Voting rights are not cumulative.
No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of a majority of
the outstanding shares of the Trust except (i) to change the Trusts name or to cure technical
problems in the Declaration of Trust and (ii) to establish, designate, or modify new and existing
series or sub-series of Trust shares or other provisions relating to Trust shares in response to
applicable laws or regulations.
SHAREHOLDER AND TRUSTEE LIABILITY
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under some circumstances, be held personally liable
for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder
liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of that disclaimer be given
in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees.
The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of all the property of a Fund for all
loss and expense of any shareholder of the Fund held personally liable for the obligations of the
117
Trust. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder
liability is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and the Fund in which
the shareholder holds shares is unable to meet its obligations.
The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of
judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a
Trustee against any liability to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his office. The By-Laws of the Trust provide for indemnification by the Trust of the
Trustees and the officers of the Trust except for any matter as to which any such person did not
act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Trust. Trustees and officers may not be indemnified against any liability to the
Trust or the Trust shareholders to which they would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of their office.
BENEFICIAL OWNERS OF 5% OR MORE OF THE FUNDS SHARES
The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders
owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Class III Shares of the Alternative Asset
Opportunity Fund as of June 2, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
GMO Benchmark Free Allocation Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
|
|
|
73.3
|
|
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation
Attn: Mr. Ralph Stefano
Director of Finance
415 Madison Ave. 10
th
Floor
New York, NY 10017
|
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phillips Exeter Academy
Attn: Joseph Fellows
20 Main Street
Exeter, NH 03833
|
|
|
8.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JP Morgan Chase Bank as Directed Trustee for The Corning
Retirement
One Riverfront Plaza MP-HQ-E2-34
Corning, NY 14831
|
|
|
5.3
|
|
The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders
owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Class III Shares of the Special Purpose Holding
Fund as of June 2, 2008:
118
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
VERIB NYXF1776322
Attn: Mutual Funds Operations
PO Box 3198
Pittsburgh, PA 15230
|
|
|
29.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Core Plus Bond
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
16.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JP Morgan Chase As Direct Trustee For The IBM Personal
Pension Plan
Attn: Lisa Pinsky
JP Morgan Chase
3 Metrotech Center 5
th
Floor
Brooklyn, NY 11245
|
|
|
15.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
State Street Bank & Trust Co. as Trustee For GMAM Group
Pension Trust II
Attn: Jason Butler
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Two Avenue De Lafayette
Boston, MA 02111
|
|
|
8.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Global Bond Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
8.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO International Bond Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
6.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
5.2
|
|
The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders
owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Class III Shares of Taiwan Fund as of June 2,
2008:
119
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
Pension Reserves Investment Trust
Stanley P Mavromates JR Deputy CIO
84 State Street Suite 250
Boston, MA 02109
|
|
|
71.5
|
|
|
State of Connecticut Retirement Plans And Trust Funds
55 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106
|
|
|
26.9
|
|
The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders
owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Class III Shares of World Opportunity Overlay
Fund as of June 2, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
57.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Core Plus Bond Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
12.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO International Bond Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
7.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JP Morgan Chase As Direct Trustee For The IBM Personal Pension
Plan Trust
Attn: Lisa Pinsky
JP Morgan Chase
3 Metrotech Center 5
th
Floor
Brooklyn, NY 11245
|
|
|
5.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following chart sets forth the names, addresses and percentage ownership of those shareholders
owning beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Class III Shares of the Short-Duration Collateral
Fund as of June 2, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
44.0
|
|
120
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address
|
|
% Ownership
|
GMO Domestic Bond Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
22.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Core Plus Bond Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
8.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO International Bond Fund
c/o GMO
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
|
|
|
5.2
|
|
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Trusts audited financial statements, financial highlights, and report of the independent
registered public accounting firm of the Funds, included in the Annual Report for the fiscal year
ended February 29, 2008 for each of Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, Short-Duration Collateral
Fund, Special Purpose Holding Fund, Special Situations Fund, Taiwan Fund and World Opportunity
Overlay Fund and filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 30(d) of the 1940 Act and the rules
promulgated thereunder, are hereby incorporated in this Statement of Additional Information by
reference. The Funds Annual Reports for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2008 were filed
electronically with the SEC on Form N-CSR on May 5, 2008 (Accession No.
0001104659-08-029813).
121
Appendix A
GMO TRUST
SPECIMEN PRICE MAKE-UP SHEET
Following are computations for each Fund of the total offering price per share of each class of
shares of beneficial interest of the Fund that are offered through the Private Placement Memoranda
and that had shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of February 29, 2008, in each case based
upon their respective net asset values and shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of the
close of business on February 29, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $33.11 per share
based on 1,026,006 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
33,971,990
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
33.11
|
|
Short-Duration Collateral Fund
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $24.03 per share
based on 319,302,054 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
7,671,414,763
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
24.03
|
|
Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $1.26 per share based
on 554,071 shares of beneficial interest outstanding)
|
|
$
|
696,837
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
1.26
|
|
Special Situations Fund Class III
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.32 per share
based on 4,137,904 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
88,204,052
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
21.32
|
|
Special Situations Fund Class VI
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $21.33 per share
based on 27,807,186 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
593,130,690
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
21.33
|
|
Taiwan Fund
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $22.42 per share
based on 9,828,062 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
220,359,130
|
|
Offering Price ($22.42 x 100/99.85)*
|
|
$
|
22.45
|
|
World Opportunity Overlay Fund
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets at Value (Equivalent to $25.68 per share
based on 57,557,153 shares of beneficial interest
outstanding)
|
|
$
|
1,478,175,734
|
|
Offering Price
|
|
$
|
25.68
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Represents maximum offering price charged on certain cash purchases. See How to Purchase
Shares and Purchase Premium and Redemption Fee in the Taiwan Fund Private Placement Memorandum.
|
A-1
Appendix
B
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS
Commercial Paper Ratings
Commercial paper ratings of Standard & Poors are current assessments of the likelihood of timely
payment of debts having original maturities of no more than 365 days. Commercial paper rated A-1
by Standard & Poors indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is either
overwhelming or very strong. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety
characteristics are denoted A-1+. Commercial paper rated A-2 by Standard & Poors indicates that
capacity for timely payment on issues is strong. However, the relative degree of safety is not as
high as for issues designated A-1. Commercial paper rated A-3 indicates capacity for timely
payment. It is, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
The rating Prime-1 is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by Moodys. Issuers rated
Prime-1 (or related supporting institutions) are considered to have a superior capacity for
repayment of short-term promissory obligations. Issuers rated Prime-2 (or related supporting
institutions) have a strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This will
normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics of Prime-1 rated issuers, but to a lesser
degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject to variations.
Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external
conditions. Ample alternative liquidity is maintained. Issuers rated Prime-3 have an acceptable
capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. The effect of industry
characteristics and market composition may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and
profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and the
requirement of relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternative liquidity is maintained.
Corporate Debt Ratings
Standard & Poors
. A Standard & Poors corporate debt rating is a current assessment of the
creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation. The following is a summary
of the ratings used by Standard & Poors for corporate debt:
AAA This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poors to a debt obligation and
indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal.
AA Bonds rated AA also qualify as high quality debt obligations. Capacity to pay interest and
repay principal is very strong, and in the majority of instances they differ from AAA issues only
in small degree.
A Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although they are
somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic
conditions.
B-1
Appendix B
BBB Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay
principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic
conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to repay
principal and pay interest for bonds in this category than for bonds in higher rated categories.
BB, B, CCC, CC Bonds rated BB, B, CCC and CC are regarded, on balance, as predominately
speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the
terms of the obligation. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and CC the highest degree
of speculation. While such bonds will likely have some quality and protective characteristics,
these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
C The rating C is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.
D Bonds rated D are in default, and payment of interest and/or repayment of principal is in
arrears.
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from AA to B may be modified by the addition of a plus or
minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Moodys.
The following is a summary of the ratings used by Moodys for corporate debt:
Aaa Bonds that are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest
degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as gilt edge. Interest payments are
protected by a large, or by an exceptionally stable, margin, and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most
unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa Bonds that are rated Aa are judged to be high quality by all standards. Together with the
Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than
the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or
fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements
present that make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A Bonds that are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered
as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are
considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment
sometime in the future.
Baa Bonds that are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations; i.e., they are
neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear
adequate for the present, but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be
characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding
investment characteristics and, in fact, have speculative characteristics as well.
B-2
Appendix B
Ba Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be
considered as well assured. Often, the protection of interest and principal payments may be very
moderate, and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future.
Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment.
Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over
any long period of time may be small.
Caa Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there
may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree.
Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be
regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
Should no rating be assigned by Moodys, the reason may be one of the following:
|
1.
|
|
An application for rating was not received or accepted.
|
|
|
2.
|
|
The issue or issuer belongs to a group of securities that are not rated as a
matter of policy.
|
|
|
3.
|
|
There is lack of essential data pertaining to the issue or issuer.
|
|
|
4.
|
|
The issue was privately placed in which case the rating is not published in
Moodys publications.
|
Suspension or withdrawal may occur if new and material circumstances arise, the effects of which
preclude satisfactory analysis; if there is no longer available reasonable up-to-date data to
permit a judgment to be formed; if a bond is called for redemption; or for other reasons.
Note: Those bonds in the Aa, A, Baa, Ba and B groups which Moodys believes possess the strongest
investment attributes are designated by the symbols Aa1, A1, Baa1 and B1.
B-3
Appendix C
GMO TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICY
I. Statement of Policy
GMO Trust (the Fund) delegates the authority and responsibility to vote proxies related to
portfolio securities to Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, its investment adviser (the
Adviser).
Therefore, the Board of Trustees (the Board) of the Fund has reviewed and approved the use of the
proxy voting policies and procedures of the Adviser (Proxy Voting Procedures) on behalf of the
Fund when exercising voting authority on behalf of the Fund.
II. Standard
The Adviser shall vote proxies related to portfolio securities in the best interests of the Fund
and their shareholders.
III. Review of Proxy Voting Procedures
The Board shall periodically review the Proxy Voting Procedures presented by the Adviser.
The Adviser shall provide periodic reports to the Board regarding any proxy votes where a material
conflict of interest was identified
except
in circumstances where the Adviser caused the proxy to
be voted consistent with the recommendation of the independent third party.
The Adviser shall notify the Board promptly of any material change to its Proxy Voting Procedures.
IV. Disclosure
The following disclosure shall be provided:
A. The Adviser shall make available its proxy voting records, for inclusion in the
Funds Form N-PX.
B. The Adviser shall cause the Fund to include the proxy voting policies and
procedures required in the Funds annual filing on Form N-CSR or the statement of
additional information.
C. The Adviser shall cause the Funds shareholder reports to include a statement
that (i) a copy of these policies and procedures is available on the Funds web site
(if the Fund so chooses) and (ii) information is available regarding how the Funds
voted proxies during the most recent twelve-month period without charge, on or through
the Funds web site.
C-1
Appendix C
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC
GMO AUSTRALASIA LLC
(TOGETHER GMO)
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Amended and Restated as of March 11, 2008
I.
Introduction and General Principles
GMO provides investment advisory services primarily to institutional, including both ERISA and
non-ERISA clients, and commercial clients. GMO understands that proxy voting is an integral aspect
of security ownership. Accordingly, in cases where GMO has been delegated authority to vote
proxies, that function must be conducted with the same degree of prudence and loyalty accorded any
fiduciary or other obligation of an investment manager.
This policy permits clients of GMO to: (1) delegate to GMO the responsibility and authority to vote
proxies on their behalf according to GMOs proxy voting polices and guidelines; (2) delegate to GMO
the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on their behalf according to the particular
clients own proxy voting policies and guidelines; or (3) elect to vote proxies themselves. In
instances where clients elect to vote their own proxies, GMO shall not be responsible for voting
proxies on behalf of such clients.
GMO believes that the following policies and procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that
proxy matters are conducted in the best interest of its clients, in accordance with GMOs fiduciary
duties, applicable rules under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and fiduciary standards and
responsibilities for ERISA clients set out in the Department of Labor interpretations.
II.
Proxy Voting Guidelines
GMO has engaged ISS Governance Services, a unit of RiskMetrics Group (ISS), as its proxy voting
agent to:
|
(1)
|
|
research and make voting recommendations or, for matters for which GMO has so
delegated, to make the voting determinations;
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
ensure that proxies are voted and submitted in a timely manner;
|
|
|
(3)
|
|
handle other administrative functions of proxy voting;
|
|
|
(4)
|
|
maintain records of proxy statements received in connection with proxy votes
and provide copies of such proxy statements promptly upon request;
|
|
|
(5)
|
|
maintain records of votes cast; and
|
|
|
(6)
|
|
provide recommendations with respect to proxy voting matters in general.
|
C-2
Appendix C
Proxies generally will be voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the
applicable domestic or global ISS Proxy Voting Manual, as in effect from time to time, subject to
such modifications as may be determined by GMO (as described below). Copies of concise summaries
of the current domestic and global ISS proxy voting guidelines are attached to these Proxy Voting
Policies and Procedures as Exhibit A. To the extent GMO determines to adopt proxy voting
guidelines that differ from the ISS proxy voting recommendations, such guidelines will be set forth
on Exhibit B and proxies with respect to such matters will be voted in accordance with the
guidelines set forth on Exhibit B. GMO reserves the right to modify any of the recommendations set
forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual in the future. If any such changes are made, an amended
Exhibit B to these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures will be made available for clients.
Except in instances where a GMO client retains voting authority, GMO will instruct custodians of
client accounts to forward all proxy statements and materials received in respect of client
accounts to ISS.
III.
Proxy Voting Procedures
GMO has a Corporate Actions Group with responsibility for administering the proxy voting process,
including:
|
1.
|
|
Implementing and updating the applicable domestic and global ISS proxy voting
guidelines set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual, as modified from time to time by
Exhibit B hereto;
|
|
|
2.
|
|
Overseeing the proxy voting process; and
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Providing periodic reports to GMOs Compliance Department and clients as requested.
|
There may be circumstances under which a portfolio manager or other GMO investment professional
(GMO Investment Professional) believes that it is in the best interest of a client or clients to
vote proxies in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II. In
such an event, the GMO Investment Professional will inform GMOs Corporate Actions Group of its
decision to vote such proxy in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in
Section II. GMOs Corporate Actions Group will report to GMOs Compliance Department no less than
quarterly any instance where a GMO Investment Professional has decided to vote a proxy on behalf of
a client in that manner.
IV.
Conflicts of Interest
As ISS will vote proxies in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II,
GMO believes that this process is reasonably designed to address conflicts of interest that may
arise between GMO and a client as to how proxies are voted.
C-3
Appendix C
In instances where GMO has the responsibility and authority to vote proxies on behalf of its
clients for shares of GMO Trust, a registered mutual fund for which GMO serves as the investment
adviser, there may be instances where a conflict of interest exists. Accordingly, GMO will (i)
vote such proxies in the best interests of its clients with respect to routine matters, including
proxies relating to the election of Trustees; and (ii) with respect to matters where a conflict of
interest exists between GMO and GMO Trust, such as proxies relating to a new or amended investment
management contract between GMO Trust and GMO, or a re-organization of a series of GMO Trust, GMO
will either (a) vote such proxies in the same proportion as the votes cast with respect to that
proxy, or (b) seek instructions from its clients.
In addition, if GMO is aware that one of the following conditions exists with respect to a proxy,
GMO shall consider such event a potential material conflict of interest:
|
1.
|
|
GMO has a business relationship or potential relationship with the issuer;
|
|
|
2.
|
|
GMO has a business relationship with the proponent of the proxy proposal; or
|
|
|
3.
|
|
GMO members, employees or consultants have a personal or other business relationship
with the participants in the proxy contest, such as corporate directors or director
candidates.
|
In the event of a potential material conflict of interest, GMO will (i) vote such proxy according
to the specific recommendation of ISS; (ii) abstain; or (iii) request that the client votes such
proxy. All such instances shall be reported to GMOs Compliance Department at least quarterly.
V.
Recordkeeping
GMO will maintain records relating to the implementation of these proxy voting policies and
procedures, including:
|
(1)
|
|
a copy of these policies and procedures which shall be made available to
clients, upon request;
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
a record of each vote cast (which ISS maintains on GMOs behalf); and
|
|
|
(3)
|
|
each written client request for proxy records and GMOs written response to
any client request for such records.
|
Such proxy voting records shall be maintained for a period of five years.
VI.
Reporting
GMOs Compliance Department will provide GMOs Conflict of Interest Committee with periodic reports
that include a summary of instances where GMO has (i) voted
C-4
Appendix C
proxies in a manner inconsistent with the proxy voting guidelines described in Section II, (ii)
voted proxies in circumstances in which a material conflict of interest may exist as set forth in
Section IV, and (iii) voted proxies of shares of GMO Trust on behalf of its clients.
VII.
Disclosure
Except as otherwise required by law, GMO has a general policy of not disclosing to any issuer or
third party how GMO or its voting delegate voted a clients proxy.
C-5
Appendix C
Exhibit A
Concise
Summary of ISS 2008 U.S. Proxy Voting Guidelines
Effective for Meetings on or after Feb. 1, 2008
Updated Dec. 21, 2007
Auditor Ratification
Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply:
|
|
|
An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is
therefore not independent;
|
|
|
|
|
There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion
which is neither accurate nor indicative of the companys financial position;
|
|
|
|
|
Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a serious level of concern,
such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section
404 disclosures; or
|
|
|
|
|
Fees for non-audit services (other fees) are excessive.
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking for audit firm rotation, taking into account:
|
|
|
The tenure of the audit firm;
|
|
|
|
|
The length of rotation specified in the proposal;
|
|
|
|
|
Any significant audit-related issues at the company;
|
|
|
|
|
The number of audit committee meetings held each year;
|
|
|
|
|
The number of financial experts serving on the committee; and
|
|
|
|
|
Whether the company has a periodic renewal process where the auditor is evaluated
for both audit quality and competitive price.
|
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors who:
|
|
|
Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid
excuse;
|
|
|
|
Sit on more than six public company boards;
|
|
|
|
Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public
companies besides their ownwithhold only at their outside boards.
|
C-6
Appendix C
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from all nominees of the board of directors, (except from new nominees,
who should be considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis) if:
|
|
|
The companys proxy indicates that not all directors attended 75 percent of the
aggregate of their board and committee meetings, but fails to provide the required
disclosure of the names of the directors involved. If this information cannot be
obtained, vote against/withhold from all incumbent directors;
|
|
|
|
|
The companys poison pill has a dead-hand or modified dead-hand feature. Vote
against/withhold every year until this feature is removed;
|
|
|
|
|
The board adopts or renews a poison pill without shareholder approval, does not
commit to putting it to shareholder vote within 12 months of adoption (or in the case
of an newly public company, does not commit to put the pill to a shareholder vote
within 12 months following the IPO), or reneges on a commitment to put the pill to a
vote, and has not yet received a withhold/ against recommendation for this issue;
|
|
|
|
|
The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval by a
majority of the shares outstanding the previous year (a management proposal with other
than a FOR recommendation by management will not be considered as sufficient action
taken);
|
|
|
|
|
The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval of the
majority of shares cast for the previous two consecutive years (a management proposal
with other than a FOR recommendation by management will not be considered as
sufficient action taken);
|
|
|
|
|
The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of the shareholders
tendered their shares;
|
|
|
|
|
At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent
withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the
underlying issue(s) that caused the high withhold/ against vote;
|
|
|
|
|
The company is a Russell 3000 company that underperformed its industry group (GICS
group) under ISS Performance Test for Directors policy;
|
|
|
|
|
The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic
governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against
vote recommendation is not up for electionany or all appropriate nominees (except
new) may be held accountable.
|
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from inside directors and affiliated outside directors when:
|
|
|
The inside or affiliated outside director serves on any of the three key
committees: audit, compensation, or nominating;
|
|
|
|
The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full
board functions as that committee;
|
|
|
|
The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if board attests that the
independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee;
|
|
|
|
The full board is less than majority independent.
|
C-7
Appendix C
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the audit committee if:
|
|
|
The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive (see discussion under Auditor
Ratification);
|
|
|
|
Poor accounting practices are identified which rise to a level of serious concern,
such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section
404 disclosures; or
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|
|
|
There is persuasive evidence that the audit committee entered into an inappropriate
indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or
its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.
|
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the compensation committee if:
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|
|
There is a negative correlation between the chief executives pay and company
performance;
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|
|
|
The company reprices underwater options for stock, cash or other consideration
without prior shareholder approval, even if allowed in their equity plan;
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|
|
|
The company fails to submit one-time transfers of stock options to a shareholder
vote;
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|
The company fails to fulfill the terms of a burn-rate commitment made to
shareholders;
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|
The company has backdated options (see Options Backdating policy);
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|
|
|
The company has poor compensation practices (see Poor Pay Practices policy). Poor
pay practices may warrant withholding votes from the CEO and potentially the entire
board as well.
|
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors, individually or the entire board, for egregious actions or
failure to replace management as appropriate.
Classification/Declassification of the Board
Vote AGAINST proposals to classify the board. Vote FOR proposals to repeal classified boards and to
elect all directors annually.
Cumulative Voting
Generally vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate cumulative voting. Generally vote FOR proposals to
restore or provide for cumulative voting unless:
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|
|
The company has proxy access or a similar structure to allow shareholders to
nominate directors to the companys ballot; and
|
|
|
|
The company has adopted a majority vote standard, with a carve-out for plurality
voting in situations where there are more nominees than seats, and a director
resignation policy to address failed elections.
|
C-8
Appendix C
Vote FOR proposals for cumulative voting at controlled companies (insider voting power > 50
percent).
Independent Chair (Separate Chair/CEO)
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that the chairmans position be filled by an
independent director, unless there are compelling reasons to recommend against the proposal, such
as a counterbalancing governance structure. This should include all the following:
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|
|
Designated lead director, elected by and from the independent board members with
clearly delineated and comprehensive duties. (The role may alternatively reside with a
presiding director, vice chairman, or rotating lead director; however the director
must serve a minimum of one year in order to qualify as a lead director.) The duties
should include, but are not limited to, the following:
|
|
-
|
|
presides at all meetings of the board at which the chairman
is not present, including executive sessions of the independent directors;
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|
|
-
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|
serves as liaison between the chairman and the independent
directors;
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|
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-
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|
approves information sent to the board;
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|
|
-
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|
approves meeting agendas for the board;
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|
|
-
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|
approves meeting schedules to assure that there is sufficient
time for discussion of all agenda items;
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|
|
-
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|
has the authority to call meetings of the independent
directors;
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|
|
-
|
|
if requested by major shareholders, ensures that he is
available for consultation and direct communication;
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|
|
|
The company publicly discloses a comparison of the duties of its independent lead
director and its chairman;
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|
|
The company publicly discloses a sufficient explanation of why it chooses not to
give the position of chairman to the independent lead director, and instead combine
the chairman and CEO positions;
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|
Two-thirds independent board;
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|
All independent key committees;
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|
Established governance guidelines;
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|
The company should not have underperformed both its peers and index on the basis of
both one-year and three-year total shareholder returns*, unless there has been a
change in the Chairman/CEO position within that time; and
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|
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|
The company does not have any problematic governance issues.
|
Vote FOR the proposal if the company does not provide disclosure with respect to any or all of the
bullet points above. If disclosure is provided, evaluate on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
C-9
Appendix C
* The industry peer group used for this evaluation is the average of the 12 companies in the same
six-digit GICS group that are closest in revenue to the company. To fail, the company must
underperform its index and industry group on all four measures (one- and three-year on industry
peers and index).
Majority Vote Shareholder Proposals
Generally vote FOR precatory and binding resolutions requesting that the board change the companys
bylaws to stipulate that directors need to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast,
provided it does not conflict with the state law where the company is incorporated. Binding
resolutions need to allow for a carve- out for a plurality vote standard when there are more
nominees than board seats. Companies are strongly encouraged to also adopt a post-election policy
(also known as a director resignation policy) that will provide guidelines so that the company will
promptly address the situation of a holdover director.
Open Access
Vote shareholder proposals asking for open or proxy access on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into
account:
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|
|
The ownership threshold proposed in the resolution;
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|
|
|
The proponents rationale for the proposal at the targeted company in terms of
board and director conduct.
|
Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following
factors:
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|
|
Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry;
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|
|
Managements track record;
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|
|
|
|
Background to the proxy contest;
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|
|
Qualifications of director nominees (both slates);
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|
Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management;
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|
Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates);
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|
|
Stock ownership positions.
|
Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses. When voting in conjunction
with support of a dissident slate, vote FOR the reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation
expenses associated with the election.
C-10
Appendix C
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for the reimbursement of reasonable costs incurred
in connection with nominating one or more candidates in a contested election where the following
apply:
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|
|
The election of fewer than 50 percent of the directors to be elected is contested
in the election;
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|
|
|
One or more of the dissidents candidates is elected;
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|
|
|
Shareholders are not permitted to cumulate their votes for directors; and
|
|
|
|
The election occurred, and the expenses were incurred, after the adoption of this
bylaw.
|
Poison Pills
Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the company submit its poison pill to a shareholder
vote or redeem it UNLESS the company has: (1) A shareholder approved poison pill in place; or (2)
The company has adopted a policy concerning the adoption of a pill in the future specifying that
the board will only adopt a shareholder rights plan if either:
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|
|
Shareholders have approved the adoption of the plan; or
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|
The board, in its exercise of its fiduciary responsibilities, determines that it is
in the best interest of shareholders under the circumstances to adopt a pill without
the delay that would result from seeking stockholder approval (i.e., the fiduciary
out provision). A poison pill adopted under this fiduciary out will be put to a
shareholder ratification vote within 12 months of adoption or expire. If the pill is
not approved by a majority of the votes cast on this issue, the plan will immediately
terminate.
|
Vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for poison pills to be put to a vote within a year after
adoption. If the company has no non-shareholder approved poison pill in place and has adopted a
policy with the provisions outlined above, vote AGAINST the proposal. If these conditions are not
met, vote FOR the proposal, but with the caveat that a vote within 12 months would be considered
sufficient.
Vote CASE-by-CASE on management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of
the shareholder rights plan. Rights plans should contain the following attributes:
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|
|
No lower than a 20 percent trigger, flip-in or flip-over;
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|
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|
|
A term of no more than three years;
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|
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|
|
No dead-hand, slow-hand, no-hand, or similar feature that limits the ability of a
future board to redeem the pill;
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause); if the board refuses to
redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced,
|
C-11
Appendix C
|
|
|
10 percent of the shares may call a special meeting, or seek a written consent to
vote on rescinding the pill.
|
Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings
Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings. Vote
FOR proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholders to act independently of
management.
Supermajority Vote Requirements
Vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote. Vote FOR proposals to lower
supermajority vote requirements.
5.
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|
Mergers and Corporate Restructurings
|
For mergers and acquisitions, review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed
transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:
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|
|
Valuation Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the
acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point
for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium,
market reaction and strategic rationale.
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|
|
|
|
Market reaction How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative
market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal.
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|
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|
|
Strategic rationale Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the
value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or
optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track
record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.
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|
|
|
|
Negotiations and process Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at
arms-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the
best price for shareholders. Significant negotiation wins can also signify the deal
makers competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction,
partial auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value.
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|
|
|
|
Conflicts of interest Are insiders benefiting from the transaction
disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the
result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more
likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider
whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or
recommend the merger. The aggregate CIC figure may be a misleading indicator of the
true value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be
excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential
conflict exists.
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|
|
|
|
Governance Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile
than the current governance profiles of the respective
|
C-12
Appendix C
|
|
|
parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse,
the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation)
outweigh any deterioration in governance.
|
6.
|
|
State of Incorporation
|
Reincorporation Proposals
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to change a companys state of incorporation, taking into
consideration both financial and corporate governance concerns, including:
|
|
|
The reasons for reincorporating;
|
|
|
|
|
A comparison of the governance provisions;
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|
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|
|
Comparative economic benefits; and
|
|
|
|
|
A comparison of the jurisdictional laws.
|
Common Stock Authorization
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for
issuance using a model developed by ISS. Vote FOR proposals to approve increases beyond the
allowable increase when a companys shares are in danger of being delisted or if a companys
ability to continue to operate as a going concern is uncertain.
In addition, for capital requests less than or equal to 300 percent of the current authorized
shares that marginally fail the calculated allowable cap (i.e., exceed the allowable cap by no more
than 5 percent), on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, vote FOR the increase based on the companys performance
and whether the companys ongoing use of shares has shown prudence. Factors should include, at a
minimum, the following:
|
|
|
Rationale;
|
|
|
|
|
Good performance with respect to peers and index on a five-year total shareholder
return basis;
|
|
|
|
|
Absence of non-shareholder approved poison pill;
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|
|
|
|
Reasonable equity compensation burn rate;
|
|
|
|
|
No non-shareholder approved pay plans; and
|
|
|
|
|
Absence of egregious equity compensation practices.
|
Dual-Class Stock
Vote AGAINST proposals to create a new class of common stock with superior voting rights.
Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with dual-class capital structures to increase the number of
authorized shares of the class of stock that has superior voting rights.
Vote FOR proposals to create a new class of nonvoting or sub-voting common stock if:
C-13
Appendix C
|
|
|
It is intended for financing purposes with minimal or no dilution to current
shareholders;
|
|
|
|
It is not designed to preserve the voting power of an insider or significant
shareholder.
|
Issue Stock for Use with Rights Plan
Vote AGAINST proposals that increase authorized common stock for the explicit purpose of
implementing a non-shareholder approved shareholder rights plan (poison pill).
Preferred Stock
Vote AGAINST proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified
voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights (blank check preferred stock), and
AGAINST proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred stock authorized for issuance
when no shares have been issued or reserved for a specific purpose. Vote FOR proposals to create
declawed blank check preferred stock (stock that cannot be used as a takeover defense), and FOR
proposals to authorize preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend,
conversion, and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred shares after
analyzing the number of preferred shares available for issue given a companys industry and
performance in terms of shareholder returns.
8.
|
|
Executive and Director Compensation
|
Equity Compensation Plans
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on equity-based compensation plans. Vote AGAINST the equity plan if any of the
following factors apply:
|
|
|
The total cost of the companys equity plans is unreasonable;
|
|
|
|
|
The plan expressly permits the repricing of stock options without prior shareholder
approval;
|
|
|
|
|
There is a disconnect between CEO pay and the companys performance;
|
|
|
|
|
The companys three year burn rate exceeds the greater of 2% and the mean plus one
standard deviation of its industry group; or
|
|
|
|
|
The plan is a vehicle for poor pay practices.
|
Poor Pay Practices
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from compensation committee members, the CEO, and potentially the entire
board, if the company has poor compensation practices. Vote AGAINST equity plans if the plan is a
vehicle for poor compensation practices.
The following practices, while not exhaustive, are examples of poor compensation practices:
|
|
|
Egregious employment contracts (e.g., multi-year guarantees for salary increases,
bonuses, and equity compensation);
|
C-14
Appendix C
|
|
|
Excessive perks (overly generous cost and/or reimbursement of taxes for personal
use of corporate aircraft, personal security systems maintenance and/or installation,
car allowances, and/or other excessive arrangements relative to base salary);
|
|
|
|
|
Abnormally large bonus payouts without justifiable performance linkage or proper
disclosure (e.g., performance metrics that are changed, canceled, or replaced during
the performance period without adequate explanation of the action and the link to
performance);
|
|
|
|
|
Egregious pension/SERP (supplemental executive retirement plan) payouts (inclusion
of additional years of service not worked that result in significant payouts, or
inclusion of performance-based equity awards in the pension calculation;
|
|
|
|
|
New CEO with overly generous new hire package (e.g., excessive make whole
provisions);
|
|
|
|
|
Excessive severance and/or change-in-control provisions: Inclusion of excessive
change-in-control or severance payments, especially those with a multiple in excess of
3X cash pay;
|
|
-
|
|
Severance paid for a performance termination, (i.e., due to
the executives failure to perform job functions at the appropriate level);
|
|
|
-
|
|
Change-in-control payouts without loss of job or substantial
diminution of job duties (single-triggered);
|
|
|
-
|
|
Perquisites for former executives such as car allowances,
personal use of corporate aircraft, or other inappropriate arrangements;
|
|
|
|
Poor disclosure practices, (unclear explanation of how the CEO is involved in the
pay setting process, retrospective performance targets and methodology not discussed,
or methodology for benchmarking practices and/or peer group not disclosed and
explained);
|
|
|
|
Internal pay disparity (e.g., excessive differential between CEO total pay and that
of next highest-paid named executive officer);
|
|
|
|
Other excessive compensation payouts or poor pay practices at the company.
|
Director Compensation
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on compensation plans for non-employee directors, based on the cost of the plans
against the companys allowable cap.
On occasion, director stock plans that set aside a relatively small number of shares when combined
with employee or executive stock compensation plans will exceed the allowable cap. Vote for the
plan if ALL of the following qualitative factors in the boards compensation are met and disclosed
in the proxy statement:
|
|
|
Director stock ownership guidelines with a minimum of three times the annual cash
retainer.
|
|
|
|
Vesting schedule or mandatory holding/deferral period:
|
C-15
Appendix C
|
-
|
|
A minimum vesting of three years for stock options or
restricted stock; or
|
|
|
-
|
|
Deferred stock payable at the end of a three-year deferral period.
|
|
|
|
Mix between cash and equity:
|
|
-
|
|
A balanced mix of cash and equity, for example 40 percent
cash/60 percent equity or 50 percent cash/50 percent equity; or
|
|
|
-
|
|
If the mix is heavier on the equity component, the vesting
schedule or deferral period should be more stringent, with the lesser of five
years or the term of directorship.
|
|
|
|
No retirement/ benefits and perquisites provided to non-employee directors; and
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed disclosure provided on cash and equity compensation delivered to each
non-employee director for the most recent fiscal year in a table. The column headers
for the table may include the following: name of each non-employee director, annual
retainer, board meeting fees, committee retainer, committee-meeting fees, and equity
grants.
|
Employee Stock Purchase PlansQualified Plans
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on qualified employee stock purchase plans. Vote FOR employee stock purchase
plans where all of the following apply:
|
|
|
Purchase price is at least 85 percent of fair market value;
|
|
|
|
|
Offering period is 27 months or less; and
|
|
|
|
|
The number of shares allocated to the plan is 10 percent or less of the outstanding shares. Vote AGAINST qualified employee stock purchase plans where any of the
following apply:
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase price is less than 85 percent of fair market value; or
|
|
|
|
|
Offering period is greater than 27 months; or
|
|
|
|
|
The number of shares allocated to the plan is more than 10 percent of the
outstanding shares.
|
Employee Stock Purchase PlansNon-Qualified Plans
Vote CASE-by-CASE on nonqualified employee stock purchase plans. Vote FOR nonqualified employee
stock purchase plans with all the following features:
|
|
|
Broad-based participation (i.e., all employees of the company with the exclusion of
individuals with 5 percent or more of beneficial ownership of the company);
|
|
|
|
|
Limits on employee contribution, which may be a fixed dollar amount or expressed as
a percent of base salary;
|
|
|
|
|
Company matching contribution up to 25 percent of employees contribution, which is
effectively a discount of 20 percent from market value;
|
C-16
Appendix C
|
|
|
No discount on the stock price on the date of purchase since there is a company
matching contribution.
|
Vote AGAINST nonqualified employee stock purchase plans when any of the plan features do not meet
the above criteria. If the company matching contribution exceeds 25 percent of employees
contribution, evaluate the cost of the plan against its allowable cap.
Options Backdating
In cases where a company has practiced options backdating, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD on a
CASE-BY-CASE basis from the members of the compensation committee, depending on the severity of the
practices and the subsequent corrective actions on the part of the board. Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD
from the compensation committee members who oversaw the questionable options practices or from
current compensation committee members who fail to respond to the issue proactively, depending on
several factors, including, but not limited to:
|
|
|
Reason and motive for the options backdating issue (inadvertent vs. deliberate
grant date changes);
|
|
|
|
|
Length of time of options backdating;
|
|
|
|
|
Size of restatement due to options backdating;
|
|
|
|
|
Corrective actions taken by the board or compensation committee, such as canceling
or repricing backdated options, or recoupment of option gains on backdated grants;
|
|
|
|
|
Adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating, and creation of a fixed grant
schedule or window period for equity grants going forward.
|
Option Exchange Programs/Repricing Options
Vote CASE-by-CASE on management proposals seeking approval to exchange/ reprice options,
considering:
|
|
|
Historic trading patternsthe stock price should not be so volatile that the
options are likely to be back in-the-money over the near term;
|
|
|
|
|
Rationale for the re-pricingwas the stock price decline beyond managements
control?
|
|
|
|
|
Is this a value-for-value exchange?
|
|
|
|
|
Are surrendered stock options added back to the plan reserve?
|
|
|
|
|
Option vestingdoes the new option vest immediately or is there a black-out
period?
|
|
|
|
|
Term of the optionthe term should remain the same as that of the replaced option;
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise priceshould be set at fair market or a premium to market;
|
|
|
|
|
Participantsexecutive officers and directors should be excluded.
|
If the surrendered options are added back to the equity plans for re-issuance, then also take into
consideration the companys three-year average burn rate. In addition to the
C-17
Appendix C
above considerations, evaluate the intent, rationale, and timing of the repricing proposal. The
proposal should clearly articulate why the board is choosing to conduct an exchange program at this
point in time. Repricing underwater options after a recent precipitous drop in the companys stock
price demonstrates poor timing. Repricing after a recent decline in stock price triggers additional
scrutiny and a potential AGAINST vote on the proposal. At a minimum, the decline should not have
happened within the past year. Also, consider the terms of the surrendered options, such as the
grant date, exercise price and vesting schedule. Grant dates of surrendered options should be far
enough back (two to three years) so as not to suggest that repricings are being done to take
advantage of short-term downward price movements. Similarly, the exercise price of surrendered
options should be above the 52-week high for the stock price.
Vote FOR shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote.
Stock Plans in Lieu of Cash
Vote CASE-by-CASE on plans that provide participants with the option of taking all or a portion of
their cash compensation in the form of stock, and on plans that do not provide a dollar-for-dollar
cash for stock exchange. In cases where the exchange is not dollar-for-dollar, the request for new
or additional shares for such equity program will be considered using the binomial option pricing
model In an effort to capture the total cost of total compensation, ISS will not make any
adjustments to carve out the in-lieu-of cash compensation. Vote FOR non-employee director-only
equity plans that provide a dollar-for-dollar cash-for-stock exchange.
Transfer Programs of Stock Options
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from compensation committee members if they fail to submit one-time
transfers to shareholders for approval.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on one-time transfers. Vote FOR if:
|
|
|
Executive officers and non-employee directors are excluded from participating;
|
|
|
|
|
Stock options are purchased by third-party financial institutions at a discount to
their fair value using option pricing models such as Black-Scholes or a Binomial
Option Valuation or other appropriate financial models;
|
|
|
|
|
There is a two-year minimum holding period for sale proceeds (cash or stock) for
all participants.
|
Additionally, management should provide a clear explanation of why options are being transferred
and whether the events leading up to the decline in stock price were beyond managements control. A
review of the companys historic stock price volatility should indicate if the options are likely
to be back in-the-money over the near term.
Vote AGAINST equity plan proposals if the details of ongoing Transfer of Stock Options programs are
not provided to shareholders. Since TSOs will be one of the award types under a stock plan, the
ongoing TSO program, structure and mechanics must be disclosed
C-18
Appendix C
to shareholders. The specific criteria to be considered in evaluating these proposals include, but
not limited, to the following:
|
|
|
Eligibility;
|
|
|
|
|
Vesting;
|
|
|
|
|
Bid-price;
|
|
|
|
|
Term of options;
|
|
|
|
|
Transfer value to third-party financial institution, employees and the company.
|
Amendments to existing plans that allow for introduction of transferability of stock options should
make clear that only options granted post-amendment shall be transferable.
Shareholder Proposals on Compensation
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay)
Generally, vote FOR shareholder proposals that call for non-binding shareholder ratification of the
compensation of the named executive officers and the accompanying narrative disclosure of material
factors provided to understand the Summary Compensation Table.
Compensation ConsultantsDisclosure of Board or Companys Utilization
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking disclosure regarding the company, board, or
compensation committees use of compensation consultants, such as company name, business
relationship(s) and fees paid.
Disclosure/Setting Levels or Types of Compensation for Executives and Directors
Generally, vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director
pay information, provided the information requested is relevant to shareholders needs, would not
put the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its industry, and is not unduly
burdensome to the company. Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals seeking to set absolute levels on
compensation or otherwise dictate the amount or form of compensation. Vote AGAINST shareholder
proposals requiring director fees be paid in stock only. Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other shareholder
proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account company performance, pay level
versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long-term corporate outlook.
Pay for Superior Performance
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals based on a case-by-case analysis that requests the board
establish a pay-for-superior performance standard in the companys compensation plan for senior
executives. The proposal should have the following principles:
|
|
|
Sets compensation targets for the plans annual and long-term incentive pay
components at or below the peer group median;
|
|
|
|
|
Delivers a majority of the plans target long-term compensation through
performance-vested, not simply time-vested, equity awards;
|
C-19
Appendix C
|
|
|
Provides the strategic rationale and relative weightings of the financial and
non-financial performance metrics or criteria used in the annual and
performance-vested long-term incentive components of the plan;
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|
|
|
|
Establishes performance targets for each plan financial metric relative to the
performance of the companys peer companies;
|
|
|
|
|
Limits payment under the annual and performance-vested long-term incentive
components of the plan to when the companys performance on its selected financial
performance metrics exceeds peer group median performance.
|
Consider the following factors in evaluating this proposal:
|
|
|
What aspects of the companys annual and long-term equity incentive programs are
performance- driven?
|
|
|
|
|
If the annual and long-term equity incentive programs are performance driven, are
the performance criteria and hurdle rates disclosed to shareholders or are they
benchmarked against a disclosed peer group?
|
|
|
|
|
Can shareholders assess the correlation between pay and performance based on the
current disclosure?
|
|
|
|
|
What type of industry and stage of business cycle does the company belong to?
|
Performance-Based Awards
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposal requesting that a significant amount of future long-term
incentive compensation awarded to senior executives shall be performance-based and requesting that
the board adopt and disclose challenging performance metrics to shareholders, based on the
following analytical steps:
|
|
|
First, vote FOR shareholder proposals advocating the use of performance-based
equity awards, such as performance contingent options or restricted stock, indexed
options or premium-priced options, unless the proposal is overly restrictive or if the
company has demonstrated that it is using a substantial portion of performance-based
awards for its top executives. Standard stock options and performance-accelerated
awards do not meet the criteria to be considered as performance-based awards. Further,
premium-priced options should have a premium of at least 25 percent and higher to be
considered performance-based awards.
|
|
|
|
Second, assess the rigor of the companys performance-based equity program. If the
bar set for the performance-based program is too low based on the companys historical
or peer group comparison, generally vote FOR the proposal. Furthermore, if target
performance results in an above target payout, vote FOR the shareholder proposal due
to programs poor design. If the company does not disclose the performance metric of
the performance-based equity program, vote FOR the shareholder proposal regardless of
the outcome of the first step to the test.
|
C-20
Appendix C
In general, vote FOR the shareholder proposal if the company does not meet both of these two
requirements.
Pre-Arranged Trading Plans (10b5-1 Plans)
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals calling for certain principles regarding the use of
prearranged trading plans (10b5-1 plans) for executives. These principles include:
|
|
|
Adoption, amendment, or termination of a 10b5-1 plan must be disclosed within two
business days in a Form 8-K;
|
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|
|
|
Amendment or early termination of a 10b5-1 plan is allowed only under extraordinary
circumstances, as determined by the board;
|
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|
|
|
Ninety days must elapse between adoption or amendment of a 10b5-1 plan and initial
trading under the plan;
|
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|
|
|
Reports on Form 4 must identify transactions made pursuant to a 10b5-1 plan;
|
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|
|
|
An executive may not trade in company stock outside the 10b5-1 Plan.
|
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|
|
Trades under a 10b5-1 plan must be handled by a broker who does not handle other
securities transactions for the executive.
|
Recoup Bonuses
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to recoup unearned incentive bonuses or other incentive
payments made to senior executives if it is later determined that fraud, misconduct, or negligence
significantly contributed to a restatement of financial results that led to the awarding of
unearned incentive compensation, taking into consideration:
|
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|
If the company has adopted a formal recoupment bonus policy; or
|
|
|
|
|
If the company has chronic restatement history or material financial problems.
|
Severance Agreements for Executives/Golden Parachutes
Vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring that golden parachutes or executive severance agreements
be submitted for shareholder ratification, unless the proposal requires shareholder approval prior
to entering into employment contracts. Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals to ratify or
cancel golden parachutes. An acceptable parachute should include, but is not limited to, the
following:
|
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|
The triggering mechanism should be beyond the control of management;
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|
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|
The amount should not exceed three times base amount (defined as the average annual
taxable W-2 compensation during the five years prior to the change of control);
|
|
|
|
|
Change-in-control payments should be double-triggered, i.e., (1) after a change in
control has taken place, and (2) termination of the executive as a result of the
change in control. Change in control is defined as a change in the company ownership
structure.
|
C-21
Appendix C
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERPs)
Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting to put extraordinary benefits contained in SERP
agreements to a shareholder vote unless the companys executive pension plans do not contain
excessive benefits beyond what is offered under employee-wide plans. Generally vote FOR shareholder
proposals requesting to limit the executive benefits provided under the companys supplemental
executive retirement plan (SERP) by limiting covered compensation to a senior executives annual
salary and excluding of all incentive or bonus pay from the plans definition of covered
compensation used to establish such benefits.
9.
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|
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Issues
|
Consumer Lending
Vote CASE-BY CASE on requests for reports on the companys lending guidelines and procedures,
including the establishment of a board committee for oversight, taking into account:
|
|
|
Whether the company has adequately disclosed mechanisms to prevent abusive lending
practices;
|
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|
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|
Whether the company has adequately disclosed the financial risks of the lending
products in question;
|
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|
|
Whether the company has been subject to violations of lending laws or serious
lending controversies;
|
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|
|
|
Peer companies policies to prevent abusive lending practices.
|
Pharmaceutical Pricing
Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that companies implement specific price restraints on
pharmaceutical products unless the company fails to adhere to legislative guidelines or industry
norms in its product pricing.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals requesting that the company evaluate their product pricing
considering:
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|
The existing level of disclosure on pricing policies;
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|
Deviation from established industry pricing norms;
|
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|
The companys existing initiatives to provide its products to needy consumers;
|
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|
Whether the proposal focuses on specific products or geographic regions.
|
Product Safety and Toxic Materials
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on its policies, initiatives/
procedures, and oversight mechanisms related to toxic materials and/or product safety in its supply
chain, unless:
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|
|
The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or
policies such as a supplier code of conduct and/or a sustainability report;
|
C-22
Appendix C
|
|
|
The company has formally committed to the implementation of a toxic materials
and/or product safety and supply chain reporting and monitoring program based on
industry norms or similar standards within a specified time frame; and
|
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|
|
|
The company has not been recently involved in relevant significant controversies or
violations.
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on resolutions requesting that companies develop a feasibility assessment to
phaseout of certain toxic chemicals and/or evaluate and disclose the financial and legal risks
associated with utilizing certain chemicals, considering:
|
|
|
Current regulations in the markets in which the company operates;
|
|
|
|
|
Recent significant controversy, litigation, or fines stemming from toxic chemicals
or ingredients at the company; and
|
|
|
|
|
The current level of disclosure on this topic.
|
Climate Change
In general, vote FOR resolutions requesting that a company disclose information on the impact of
climate change on the companys operations unless:
|
|
|
The company already provides current, publicly available information on the
perceived impact that climate change may have on the company as well as associated
policies and procedures to address such risks and/or opportunities;
|
|
|
|
|
The companys level of disclosure is comparable to or better than information
provided by industry peers; and
|
|
|
|
|
There are no significant fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the
companys environmental performance.
|
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas emissions from company
operations and/or products unless this information is already publicly disclosed or such factors
are not integral to the companys line of business. Generally vote AGAINST proposals that call for
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by specified amounts or within a restrictive time frame
unless the company lags industry standards and has been the subject of recent, significant fines,
or litigation resulting from greenhouse gas emissions.
Political Contributions and Trade Associations Spending
Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking the company to affirm political nonpartisanship in the
workplace so long as:
|
|
|
The company is in compliance with laws governing corporate political activities;
and
|
C-23
Appendix C
|
|
|
The company has procedures in place to ensure that employee contributions to
company-sponsored political action committees (PACs) are strictly voluntary and not
coercive.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals to publish in newspapers and public media the companys political
contributions as such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing
commensurate value to shareholders. Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to improve the disclosure of a
companys political contributions and trade association spending, considering:
|
|
|
Recent significant controversy or litigation related to the companys political
contributions or governmental affairs; and
|
|
|
|
|
The public availability of a company policy on political contributions and trade
association spending including information on the types of organizations supported,
the business rationale for supporting these organizations, and the oversight and
compliance procedures related to such expenditures.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals barring the company from making political contributions. Businesses are
affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level and barring contributions can put
the company at a competitive disadvantage. Vote AGAINST proposals asking for a list of company
executives, directors, consultants, legal counsels, lobbyists, or investment bankers that have
prior government service and whether such service had a bearing on the business of the company.
Such a list would be burdensome to prepare without providing any meaningful information to
shareholders.
Sustainability Reporting
Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on policies and initiatives related
to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless:
|
|
|
The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or
policies such as an environment, health, and safety (EHS) report; a comprehensive code
of corporate conduct; and/or a diversity report; or
|
|
|
|
The company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting program
based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within a
specified time frame.
|
C-24
Appendix C
ISS 2008 International Proxy Voting Guidelines Summary
Effective for Meetings on or after Feb 1, 2008
Updated Dec 17, 2007
Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports
Vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:
|
|
|
There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or
|
|
|
|
|
The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that
should be publicly disclosed.
|
Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees
Vote FOR the reelection of auditors and proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees,
unless:
|
|
|
There are serious concerns about the accounts presented or the audit procedures
used;
|
|
|
|
|
The auditors are being changed without explanation; or
|
|
|
|
|
Non-audit-related fees are substantial or are routinely in excess of standard
annual audit-related fees.
|
Vote AGAINST the appointment of external auditors if they have previously served the company in an
executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.
Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors
Vote FOR the appointment or reelection of statutory auditors, unless:
|
|
|
There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit
procedures used;
|
|
|
|
|
Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or
|
|
|
|
|
The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can
otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.
|
Allocation of Income
Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:
|
|
|
The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate
explanation; or
|
|
|
|
|
The payout is excessive given the companys financial position.
|
C-25
Appendix C
Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative
Vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.
Vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the
cash option is harmful to shareholder value.
Amendments to Articles of Association
Vote amendments to the articles of association on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Change in Company Fiscal Term
Vote FOR resolutions to change a companys fiscal term unless a companys motivation for the change
is to postpone its AGM.
Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership
Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless
specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.
Amend Quorum Requirements
Vote proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Transact Other Business
Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.
Director Elections
Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:
|
|
|
Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner;
|
|
|
|
|
There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements;
|
|
|
|
|
There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest;
|
|
|
|
|
There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; or
|
|
|
|
|
The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards.
|
Vote FOR individual nominees unless there are specific concerns about the individual, such as
criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities.
Vote AGAINST shareholder nominees unless they demonstrate a clear ability to contribute positively
to board deliberations.
Vote AGAINST individual directors if repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained
(in countries where this information is disclosed).
Vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation
committee and are required by law to be on those committees. Vote AGAINST employee and/or labor
representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, if they are not required
to be on those committees.
C-26
Appendix C
Please see the International Classification of Directors on the following page.
ISS Classification of Directors International Policy 2008
Executive Director
|
|
|
Employee or executive of the company;
|
|
|
|
Any director who is classified as a non-executive, but receives salary, fees,
bonus, and/or other benefits that are in line with the highest-paid executives of the
company.
|
Non-Independent Non-Executive Director (NED)
|
|
|
Any director who is attested by the board to be a non-independent NED;
|
|
|
|
|
Any director specifically designated as a representative of a significant
shareholder of the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Any director who is also an employee or executive of a significant shareholder of
the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Beneficial owner (direct or indirect) of at least 10% of the companys stock,
either in economic terms or in voting rights (this may be aggregated if voting power
is distributed among more than one member of a defined group, e.g., family members who
beneficially own less than 10% individually, but collectively own more than 10%),
unless market best practice dictates a lower ownership and/or disclosure threshold
(and in other special market-specific circumstances);
|
|
|
|
|
Government representative;
|
|
|
|
|
Currently provides (or a relative
[1]
provides) professional
services
[2]
to the company, to an affiliate of the company, or to an
individual officer of the company or of one of its affiliates in excess of $10,000 per
year;
|
|
|
|
|
Represents customer, supplier, creditor, banker, or other entity with which company
maintains transactional/ commercial relationship (unless company discloses information
to apply a materiality test
[3]
);
|
|
|
|
|
Any director who has conflicting or cross-directorships with executive directors or
the chairman of the company;
|
|
|
|
|
Relative
[1]
of a current employee of the company or its affiliates;
|
|
|
|
|
Relative
[1]
of a former executive of the company or its affiliates;
|
|
|
|
|
A new appointee elected other than by a formal process through the General Meeting
(such as a contractual appointment by a substantial shareholder);
|
|
|
|
|
Founder/co-founder/member of founding family but not currently an employee;
|
|
|
|
|
Former executive (5 year cooling off period);
|
|
|
|
|
Years of service is generally not a determining factor unless it is recommended
best practice in a market and/or in extreme circumstances, in which case it may be
considered.
[4]
|
C-27
Appendix C
Independent NED
|
|
|
No material
[5]
connection, either directly or indirectly, to the company
other than a board seat.
|
Employee Representative
|
|
|
Represents employees or employee shareholders of the company (classified as
employee representative but considered a non-independent NED).
|
Footnotes:
[1]
Relative follows the U.S. SECs definition of immediate family members which
covers spouses, parents, children, stepparents, step-children, siblings, in-laws, and any person
(other than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of any director, nominee for director,
executive officer, or significant shareholder of the company.
[2]
Professional services can be characterized as advisory in nature and generally
include the following: investment banking/financial advisory services; commercial banking (beyond
deposit services); investment services; insurance services; accounting/audit services; consulting
services; marketing services; and legal services. The case of participation in a banking syndicate
by a non-lead bank should be considered a transaction (and hence subject to the associated
materiality test) rather than a professional relationship.
[3]
If the company makes or receives annual payments exceeding the greater of $200,000
or five percent of the recipients gross revenues (the recipient is the party receiving the
financial proceeds from the transaction).
[4]
For example, in continental Europe, directors with a tenure exceeding 12 years will
be considered non-independent. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, directors with a tenure exceeding
nine years will be considered non-independent, unless the company provides sufficient and clear
justification that the director is independent despite his long tenure.
[5]
For purposes of ISS director independence classification, material will be
defined as a standard of relationship financial, personal or otherwise) that a reasonable person
might conclude could potentially influence ones objectivity in the boardroom in a manner that
would have a meaningful impact on an individuals ability to
satisfy requisite fiduciary standards on behalf of shareholders.
Director Compensation
Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive
relative to other companies in the country or industry.
Vote non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based
components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors into a
single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.
C-28
Appendix C
Discharge of Board and Management
Vote FOR discharge of the board and management, unless:
|
|
|
There are serious questions about actions of the board or management for the year
in question; or
|
|
|
|
Legal action is being taken against the board by other shareholders.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals to remove approval of discharge of board and management from the agenda.
Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions
Vote proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers on a
CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify auditors.
Board Structure
Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.
Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.
Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of
the company or the board.
Share Issuance Requests
General Issuances:
Vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued
capital.
Vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued
capital.
Specific Issuances:
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.
Increases in Authorized Capital
Vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current
authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new
authorization outstanding.
C-29
Appendix C
Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:
|
|
|
The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger)
does not meet ISS guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or
|
|
|
|
The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new
authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.
|
Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.
Reduction of Capital
Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are
unfavorable to shareholders.
Vote proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring on a CASE-BY-CASE
basis.
Capital Structures
Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share, one-vote capital structure.
Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual-class capital structures or the
creation of new or additional supervoting shares.
Preferred Stock
Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to
50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the
rights of existing shareholders.
Vote FOR the creation/ issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of
common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS guidelines on equity issuance
requests.
Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting
rights to the common shares.
Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the
authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.
Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Debt Issuance Requests
Vote non-convertible debt issuance requests on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, with or without preemptive
rights.
Vote FOR the creation/ issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of
common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS guidelines on equity issuance
requests.
C-30
Appendix C
Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring
would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.
Pledging of Assets for Debt
Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Increase in Borrowing Powers
Vote proposals to approve increases in a companys borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Share Repurchase Plans
Vote FOR share repurchase plans, unless:
|
|
|
Clear evidence of past abuse of the authority is available; or
|
|
|
|
The plan contains no safeguards against selective buybacks.
|
Reissuance of shares Repurchased
Vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this
authority in the past.
Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value
Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.
Reorganizations/Restructurings
Vote reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Mergers and Acquisitions
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:
For every M&A analysis, ISS reviews publicly available information as of the date of the report and
evaluates the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes
countervailing factors including:
|
|
|
Valuation Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the
acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point
for assessing valuation reasonableness, ISS places emphasis on the offer premium,
market reaction, and strategic rationale.
|
|
|
|
|
Market reaction How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative
market reaction will cause ISS to scrutinize a deal more closely.
|
|
|
|
|
Strategic rationale Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the
value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or
optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track
record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.
|
C-31
Appendix C
|
|
|
Conflicts of interest Are insiders benefiting from the transaction
disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? ISS
will consider whether any special interests may have influenced these directors and
officers to support or recommend the merger.
|
|
|
|
|
Governance Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile
than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If
the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to
prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.
|
Vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an
informed voting decision.
Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers
Vote proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Reincorporation Proposals
Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Expansion of Business Activities
Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into
risky areas.
Related-Party Transactions
Vote related-party transactions on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Compensation Plans
Vote compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Antitakeover Mechanisms
Vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals unless they are structured in such a way that they give
shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.
Shareholder Proposals
Vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote FOR proposals that would improve the companys corporate governance or business profile at a
reasonable cost.
Vote AGAINST proposals that limit the companys business activities or capabilities or result in
significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.
C-32
Appendix C
Exhibit B
Modifications to recommendations set forth in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Vote FOR proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder activity to take action by written consent.
Vote AGAINST proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.
Cumulative Voting
Vote FOR proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.
Vote AGAINST proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting.
Director Nominees
Vote WITH managements recommendations regarding director nominees.
Shareholder Proposals
Vote WITH managements recommendations regarding shareholder proposals.
C-33
GMO TRUST
PART C.
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 23.
Exhibits
(a) 1.
|
|
Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of GMO Trust (the Trust
or Registrant), dated June 23, 2000 (the Declaration of Trust);
4
|
|
2.
|
|
Amendment Nos. 1-8 to the Declaration of Trust;
7
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Amendment Nos. 9-10 to the Declaration of Trust;
9
|
|
|
4.
|
|
Amendment No. 11 to the Declaration of Trust;
11
|
|
|
5.
|
|
Amendment No. 12 to the Declaration of Trust;
12
|
|
|
6.
|
|
Amendment No. 13 to the Declaration of Trust;
13
|
|
|
7.
|
|
Amendment No. 14 to the Declaration of Trust;
26
|
|
|
8.
|
|
Amendment No. 15 to the Declaration of Trust;
26
|
|
|
9.
|
|
Amendment No. 16 to the Declaration of Trust;
14
|
|
|
10.
|
|
Amendment No. 17 to the Declaration of Trust;
26
|
|
|
11.
|
|
Amendment No. 18 to the Declaration of Trust;
15
|
|
|
12.
|
|
Amendment No. 19 to the Declaration of Trust;
17
|
|
|
13.
|
|
Amendment No. 20 to the Declaration of Trust;
18
|
|
|
14.
|
|
Amendment No. 21 to the Declaration of Trust;
19
|
|
|
15.
|
|
Amendment Nos. 22-25 to the Declaration of Trust;
20
|
|
|
16.
|
|
Amendment No. 26 to the Declaration of Trust;
21
|
|
|
17.
|
|
Amendment No. 27 to the Declaration of Trust;
22
|
|
|
18.
|
|
Amendment Nos. 28-29 to the Declaration of Trust;
23
|
|
|
19.
|
|
Amendment No. 30 to the Declaration of Trust;
26
|
|
|
20.
|
|
Amendment Nos. 31-32 to the Declaration of Trust;
27
|
|
|
21.
|
|
Amendment No. 33 to the Declaration of Trust;
30
|
|
|
22.
|
|
Amendment No. 34 to the Declaration of Trust Exhibit (a)22; and
|
|
|
23.
|
|
Amendment No. 35 to the Declaration of Trust Exhibit (a)23.
|
(b)
|
|
Amended and Restated By-laws of the Trust, effective as of March 1, 2007 (the
By-laws).
27
|
(c) 1.
|
|
Please refer to Article III (Shares) and Article V (Shareholders Voting Powers
and Meetings) of the Declaration of Trust, which is hereby incorporated by
reference;
4
and
|
|
2.
|
|
Please refer to Article 2 (Meetings of Shareholders) of the By-laws, which
is hereby incorporated by reference.
20
|
(d) 1.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tobacco-Free
Core Fund, and Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (GMO);
26
|
|
2.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund (formerly GMO
International Core Fund), and GMO Exhibit (d)2;
|
|
3.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Currency
Hedged International Equity Fund (formerly GMO Currency Hedged International Core
Fund), and GMO;
26
|
|
|
4.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Small Companies Fund, and;
26
|
|
|
5.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Markets Fund, and GMO;
26
|
|
|
6.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Countries Fund (formerly GMO Evolving Countries Fund), and GMO;
26
|
|
|
7.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Domestic
Bond Fund, and GMO;
26
|
|
|
8.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Bond Fund, and GMO;
26
|
|
|
9.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Currency
Hedged International Bond Fund, and GMO;
26
|
|
|
10.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Country Debt Fund, and GMO;
26
|
|
|
11.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Short-Duration Investment Fund (formerly GMO Short-Term Income Fund), and
GMO;
26
|
|
|
12.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Alpha Only
Fund (formerly GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund), and GMO;
26
|
|
|
13.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, and GMO;
26
|
|
|
14.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30,
2006, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Equity Allocation Fund (formerly GMO
U.S. Sector Fund and GMO U.S. Sector Allocation Fund), and GMO;
26
|
|
|
15.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Taiwan
Fund, and GMO;
26
|
|
|
16.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Bond
Fund, and GMO;
26
|
|
|
17.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30,
2006, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Real Estate Fund (formerly GMO REIT
Fund), and GMO;
26
|
|
|
18.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Foreign
Fund, and GMO;
26
|
|
|
19.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
1
|
|
|
20.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global
Balanced Asset Allocation Fund (formerly GMO World Balanced Allocation Fund and
GMO World Equity Allocation Fund), and GMO;
2
|
|
21.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global
(U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
2
|
|
|
22.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Core Plus
Bond Fund (formerly GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund and GMO Global Fund), and
GMO;
26
|
|
|
23.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Emerging
Markets Quality Fund (formerly GMO Asia Fund), and GMO;
26
|
|
|
24.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tax-Managed
U.S. Equities Fund, and GMO;
26
|
|
|
25.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund, and GMO Exhibit (d)25;
|
|
|
26.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special
Purpose Holding Fund (formerly GMO Alpha LIBOR Fund), and GMO;
3
|
|
|
27.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Foreign
Small Companies Fund, and GMO;
4
|
|
|
28.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
Short-Duration Collateral Fund, and GMO;
7
|
|
|
29.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Quality Equity Fund, and GMO;
10
|
|
|
30.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Growth Fund, and GMO Exhibit (d)30;
|
|
|
31.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World
Opportunity Overlay Fund, and GMO;
15
|
|
|
32.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Strategic
Opportunities Allocation Fund (formerly GMO Strategic Balanced Allocation Fund),
and GMO;
16
|
|
|
33.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO World
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
16
|
|
|
34.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Alternative
Asset Opportunity Fund, and GMO;
17
|
|
|
35.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Developed World Stock Fund, and GMO Exhibit
(d)35;
|
|
|
36.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Core
Equity Fund, and GMO;
21
|
|
|
37.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Intrinsic Value Fund, and GMO;
21
|
|
|
38.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S. Growth
Fund, and GMO;
21
|
|
|
39.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, and GMO;
21
|
|
40.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO U.S.
Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, and GMO;
21
|
|
|
41.
|
|
Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO
International Core Equity Fund, and GMO;
21
|
|
|
42.
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June 30, 2008,
between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International Growth Equity Fund, and GMO Exhibit (d)42;
|
|
|
43.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Share Fund, and GMO;
22
|
|
|
44.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Strategic Fixed
Income Fund, and GMO;
24
|
|
|
45.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, and GMO;
24
|
|
|
46.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Inflation Indexed
Plus Bond Fund, and GMO;
25
and
|
|
|
47.
|
|
Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Special Situations
Fund, and GMO.
30
|
(e) 1.
|
|
Distribution Agreement (the Distribution Agreement), dated August 1, 2007,
between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may
be amended from time to time, and Funds Distributor, LLC (FD).
31
|
|
(f)
|
|
None.
|
|
(g) 1.
|
|
Form of Custodian Agreement (the IBT Custodian Agreement), dated August 1, 1991,
among the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed therein, GMO and Investors Bank & Trust
Company (IBT), as amended from time to time to include GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund, GMO
Domestic Bond Fund, GMO International Bond Fund, GMO Currency Hedged International Bond
Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, GMO Benchmark-Free Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO Real Estate Fund, GMO International Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Global Balanced Asset Allocation Fund, GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund, GMO Core Plus Bond Fund, GMO Tax-Managed
U.S. Equities Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund, GMO Special Purpose Holding
Fund, GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund, GMO U.S. Quality Equity Fund, GMO World
Opportunity Overlay Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund, GMO World
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S.
Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund, GMO U.S.
Core Equity Fund, GMO Short-Duration Collateral Share Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income
Fund, GMO International Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus
Bond Fund, and GMO Special Situations Fund;
26
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated May
30, 2003, among the Trust, GMO and IBT;
9
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the IBT Custodian Agreement, dated July
25, 2007, among the Trust, GMO and State Street Bank and Trust Company (State
Street Bank) (as successor by merger to IBT);
30
|
|
2.
|
|
Form of Custodian Agreement (the BBH Custodian Agreement), dated June
29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule I
thereto, and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (BBH), as amended from time to time to
include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO Global Growth Fund, GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO
International Growth Equity Fund, and GMO International Core Equity
Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the BBH Custodian Agreement, dated June
4, 2003, among the Trust, GMO and BBH;
9
|
|
3.
|
|
Form of Accounting Agency Agreement (the Accounting Agency Agreement),
dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on
Schedule I thereto, and BBH, as amended to include GMO Taiwan Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Form of Second Amendment to the Accounting Agency Agreement,
dated November 22, 2005, between the Trust, on behalf of the Funds listed on
Schedule I thereto, and BBH;
26
|
|
4.
|
|
Form of 17f-5 Delegation Schedule, dated June 29, 2001, between the
Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule 1 thereto, and BBH, as amended
from time to time to include GMO Taiwan Fund, GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO
International Growth Equity Fund, and GMO International Core Equity
Fund;
6
and
|
|
|
5.
|
|
Form of Amended and Restated Delegation Agreement (the Delegation
Agreement), dated June 29, 2001, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Core Plus Bond
Fund, GMO International Bond Fund, GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund, GMO
Global Bond Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, and GMO Emerging Country Debt
Share Fund, and IBT, as amended from time to time to include GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Fund, GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities
Allocation Fund, GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid
Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Growth Fund, GMO U.S.
Intrinsic Value Fund, GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO Short-Duration Collateral Share
Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO International Opportunities Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund, and GMO Special Situations
Fund;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Delegation Agreement, dated July 25,
2007, among the Trust, GMO and State Street Bank (as successor by merger to
IBT).
30
|
(h) 1.
|
|
Form of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement), dated August 1, 1991, among the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed
therein, GMO and IBT, as amended from
|
|
|
time to time to include GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO Real Estate Fund, GMO Foreign
Fund, GMO International Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Global Balanced Asset
Allocation Fund, GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed
Bond Fund, GMO Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO Core Plus Bond Fund, GMO Tax-Managed
International Equities Fund, GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund, GMO Emerging
Country Debt Share Fund, GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund, GMO Foreign Small
Companies Fund, GMO Short-Duration Collateral Fund, GMO U.S. Quality Equity Fund,
GMO World Opportunity Overlay Fund, GMO Strategic Opportunities Allocation Fund,
GMO World Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Developed World Stock Fund, GMO
International Growth Equity Fund, GMO International Core Equity Fund, GMO U.S.
Small/Mid Cap Value Fund, GMO U.S. Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Growth Fund,
GMO U.S. Intrinsic Value Fund, GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund, GMO Short-Duration
Collateral Share Fund, GMO Strategic Fixed Income Fund, GMO International
Opportunities Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund, and GMO
Special Situations Fund;
26
|
|
(i)
|
|
Letter Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Service
Agreement, dated July 25, 2007, among the Trust, GMO and State Street Bank (as
successor by merger to IBT);
30
|
|
2.
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund Expenses by GMO to
the Trust, dated as of June 30, 2008 Exhibit (h)2;
and
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Amended and Restated Servicing Agreement, dated May 30, 1996, as amended
and restated effective June 30, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Exhibit I thereto, and GMO Exhibit (h)3.
|
(i)
|
|
Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP.
|
|
(j)
|
|
Consents of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPExhibit (j).
|
|
(k)
|
|
Financial StatementsNot applicable.
|
|
(l)
|
|
None.
|
|
(m) 1.
|
|
GMO Trust Amended and Restated Distribution and Service Plan (Class M), dated as
of November 15, 2001, as amended and restated as of June 30, 2008, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Appendix A thereto Exhibit (m)1;
|
|
2.
|
|
Amended and Restated Administration Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2008,
on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit I thereto Exhibit (m)2;
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Form of Service Agreement (Service Agreement), dated October 1, 2001,
between American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Schedule A thereto, as Schedule A may be amended from time to
time;
5
|
|
(i)
|
|
Second Amendment to Service Agreement, dated September 9,
2005, between American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and the Trust, on
behalf of certain Funds listed on Schedule A thereto;
26
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Assignment Agreement, effective as of April 2, 2007, between
Wachovia Bank, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. (f/k/a American Express
Financial Advisors Inc.) and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on
Schedule A thereto;
29
|
|
4.
|
|
Form of Services Agreement, dated as of March 2002, between Fidelity
Brokerage Services LLC and National Financial Services LLC, and the Trust, on behalf
of certain Funds listed on Exhibit B thereto;
6
|
|
|
5.
|
|
Funds Trading Agreement (Funds Trading Agreement), dated July 1, 2001,
between Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company, Inc. (FIIOC), IBT,
GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A
thereto;
26
|
|
(i)
|
|
Second Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
April 1, 2003, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
26
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Third Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
November 28, 2003, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
26
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Fourth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
April 1, 2004, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
26
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Fifth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
February 1, 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
26
|
|
|
(v)
|
|
Sixth Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of July,
2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed
on Exhibit A thereto;
26
|
|
|
(vi)
|
|
Seventh Amendment to Funds Trading Agreement, dated as of
September, 2005, between FIIOC, IBT, GMO and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
26
|
|
6.
|
|
Form of Funds Trading Agreement (BBH Funds Trading Agreement), dated
July 1, 2001, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO and the Trust on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Exhibit A thereto;
6
|
|
(i)
|
|
Form of First Amendment to the BBH Funds Trading Agreement,
dated January 1, 2002, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf
of certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
6
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Second Amendment to the BBH Funds Trading Agreement, dated
July 1, 2002, between FIIOC, IBT, BBH, GMO, and the Trust, on behalf of
certain Funds listed on Exhibit A thereto;
26
|
|
7.
|
|
Form of Shareholder Services Agreement (Shareholder Services
Agreement), dated as of October 31, 2001, between Citistreet LLC (Citistreet) and
the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;
9
|
|
(i)
|
|
First Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of May 6, 2002, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto;
26
|
|
|
(ii)
|
|
Second Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of October 15, 2002, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;
26
|
|
|
(iii)
|
|
Third Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of April 30, 2003, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Attachment A thereto;
26
|
|
|
(iv)
|
|
Fourth Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of July 1, 2005, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Attachment A thereto;
26
and
|
|
|
(v)
|
|
Fifth Amendment to Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as
of September 1, 2005, between Citistreet and the Trust, on behalf of certain
Funds listed on Attachment A thereto.
26
|
(n)
|
|
Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, effective June
1, 1996, as amended and restated June 16, 2008 Exhibit (n).
|
|
(o)
|
|
Reserved.
|
|
(p) 1.
|
|
GMO Code of Ethics, dated April 19, 2007, adopted by the Trust, GMO, GMO
Australasia LLC, GMO Australia Ltd., GMO Singapore PTE Ltd., GMO Switzerland GMBH, GMO
U.K. Ltd., GMO Woolley Ltd., Renewable Resources LLC, and GMO Renewable Resources
Ltd.
28
|
|
2.
|
|
Code of Ethics for the Independent Trustees of GMO Trust, dated as of May
31, 2006, adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
|
|
1
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Registration
Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act) and Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to
the Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act (the 1940 Act) on March
13, 1996, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
2.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on June 28, 1996, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
3.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registration
Statement under the 1940 Act on December 30, 1999, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
4.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registration
Statement under the 1940 Act on July 3, 2000, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
5.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on March 1, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
6.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on May 1, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
7.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 to the Registration
Statement under the 1940 Act on November 26, 2002, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
|
|
8.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 87 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on May 1, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
9.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on June 30, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
10.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 90 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on October 31, 2003, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
11.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 94 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on January 23, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
12.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 to the Registration
Statement under the 1940 Act on March 29, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
13.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to the Registration
Statement under the 1940 Act on June 25, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
14.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 120 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on September 22, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
15.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 126 to the Registration
Statement under the 1940 Act on November 18, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
16.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 105 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 131 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on March 15, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
17.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 132 to the Registration
Statement under the 1940 Act on March 29, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
18.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on April 29, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
19.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 136 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on May 27, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
20.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 113 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 141 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on June 30, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
21.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on August 17, 2005, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
22.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on March 1, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
23.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 122 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 150 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on May 1, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
24.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on May 17, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
25.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 125 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 153 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on May 31, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
26.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 154 to the Registration
Statement under the 1940 Act on June 28, 2006, and hereby incorporated by reference.
|
|
27.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 127 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 156 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on May 1, 2007.
|
|
28.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 157 to the Registration
Statement under the 1940 Act on June 28, 2007.
|
|
29.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 128 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 158 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on June 29, 2007.
|
|
30.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 159 to the Registration
Statement under the 1940 Act on July 27, 2007.
|
|
31.
|
|
Previously filed with the SEC as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 129 to the Registration
Statement under the 1933 Act and Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement
under the 1940 Act on May 1, 2008.
|
Item 24.
Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with a Fund
|
|
|
|
|
Controlling Fund
|
|
Person Controlled
|
|
Nature of Control
|
GMO Alternative Asset Opportunity Fund
|
|
GMO Alternative Asset SPC Ltd.
(a) (b)
|
|
100% ownership
(c)
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Special Purpose Holding Fund
|
|
GMO SPV I, LLC
(a) (d)
|
|
74.9% ownership
(c)
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
Included in the controlling Funds consolidated financial statements.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Organized under the laws of Bermuda.
|
|
(c)
|
|
As of the most recent fiscal year ended February 29, 2008.
|
|
(d)
|
|
Organized under the laws of the State of Delaware.
|
Item 25.
Indemnification
Please refer to Article 4 (Indemnification) of the By-laws.
In addition, the Trust will maintain a trustees and officers liability insurance policy under
which the Trust and its trustees and officers will be named insureds. The Trust also has entered
into agreements with each of its trustees pursuant to which each of the Funds has agreed to
indemnify each Trustee to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law against any liability and
expense incurred by the Trustee by reason of the Trustee being or having been a Trustee.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
Securities Act) may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant
pursuant to the Trusts By-laws, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion
of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses
incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful
defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling
person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the
opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy
as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
Item 26.
Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
A description of the business of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, the investment
adviser of the Funds of the Registrant (the Investment Adviser), is set forth under the captions
Management of the Trust in the prospectuses and Investment
Advisory and Other Services in the statements of additional information, all forming part of this
Registration Statement.
Except as set forth below, the directors, officers, and members of the Investment Adviser,
have been engaged during the past two fiscal years in no business, profession, vocation or
employment of a substantial nature other than as directors, officers, or members of the Investment
Adviser or certain of its affiliates. Certain directors, officers, and members of the Investment
Adviser serve as officers or trustees of the Registrant as set forth under the caption Management
of the Trust in the Registrants statements of additional information, forming part of this
Registration Statement, and/or as officers and/or directors of certain private investment companies
managed by the Investment Adviser or certain of its affiliates. The address of the Investment
Adviser and the Registrant is 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
Paul J. Bostock
|
|
Member
|
|
Director, Inquire UK,
Baldocks Barn Chiddingstone
Causway, Tonbridge, Kent
TN11 8JX
|
|
Arjun Divecha
|
|
Member and Member of the Board
of Directors
|
|
Director, Frog Hollow Fresh
LLC, P.O. Box 872,
Brentwood, CA 94513
|
|
R. Jeremy Grantham
|
|
Founding Member and Chairman of
the Board of Directors
|
|
MSPCC Investment
Committee, 555 Amory
Street, Jamaica Plain, MA
02130; Board of Directors,
Environmental Defense, 257
Park Avenue South, New
York, NY 10010; Board
Member, Imperial College
of London Grantham
Institute for Climate
Change, London SW7 2AZ;
Board Member, London
School of Economics
Grantham Institute for
Climate Change, Houghton
Street, London, WC2A 2AE
|
|
Jon Hagler
|
|
Member of the Board of Directors
|
|
Overseers Advisory Board,
WGBH Boston, 125 Western
Ave., Boston, MA 02134;
Trustee Emeritus, Texas
A&M Foundation, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, TX 77843;
Chairman, Vision 2020
Advisory Council, Texas
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
|
|
|
|
A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843
|
|
Bevis Longstreth
|
|
Member of the Board of Directors
|
|
Trustee, College
Retirement Equity Fund,
730 Third Ave., NY, NY
10017-3206; Director,
AMVESCAP, 1315 Peachtree
Street, NE, Atlanta, GA
30309; Expert witness in
periodic securities
litigation; Trustee and
financial adviser to
certain high net worth
individuals/families;
Historical novelist;
Fiduciary for various
not-for-profit
institutions
|
|
John Rosenblum
|
|
Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors
|
|
Director, The Chesapeake
Corporation, 1021 East
Cary Street, Richmond, VA
23219; Trustee, Landmark
Volunteers, P.O. Box 455,
Sheffield, MA 01257;
Jamestown-Yorktown
Foundation, Inc., P.O. Box
1607, Williamsburg, VA
23187-1607; American Civil
War Center Foundation, 200
S. Third St., Richmond, VA
23219; Chair of the
Board, Atlantic Challenge,
643 Main St., Rockland, ME
04841; University
Symphony Society, 112 Old
Cabell Hall,
Charlottesville, VA
22903; Treasurer and Board
Member, Farnsworth Art
Museum, 16 Museum Street,
Rockland, Maine 04841
|
|
Eyk Van Otterloo
|
|
Founding Member and Member of
the Board of Directors
|
|
Chairman of the Board,
Chemonics International,
1133 20th Street, NW,
Suite 600, Washington,
D.C. 20036; Chairman of
the Board, OneCoast
Network LLC, 408
Jamesborough Drive,
Pittsburgh, PA 15238;
Board Member, Dimensional
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Position with Investment Adviser
|
|
Other Connections
|
|
|
|
|
Photonics, 220 Ballardvale
Street, Unit D,
Wilmington, MA 01887;
Overseer, Peabody Essex
Museum, East India Square,
Salem, MA 01970
|
Item 27.
Principal Underwriters
Item 27(a). FD acts as principal underwriter for the following investment companies:
Allstate Financial
GMO Trust
Munder Series Trust II
Munder Series Trust
PayPal, Inc.
FD is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a
member of the National Association of Securities Dealers. FD has its main address at 100 Summer
Street, 15
th
Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. FD is an indirect wholly-owned
subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group LLC.
Item 27(b). Information about Directors and Officers of FD is as follows:
|
|
|
Director or Officer
|
|
Positions and Offices with FD
|
Brian K. Bey
|
|
President and Director
|
Elliott Dobin
|
|
Secretary
|
Andrew H. Byer
|
|
Chief Compliance Officer
|
Wayne A. Rose
|
|
Assistant Chief Compliance Officer
|
James E. (Ed) Pike
|
|
Financial and Operations Principal
|
The above FD directors and officers do not have positions or offices with the Trust.
Item 27(c). Other Compensation received by FD from certain Funds of the Trust with respect to the
last fiscal year
(a)
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class M
(b)
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
|
GMO Fund Name
|
|
March 1, 2007 through February 29, 2008
|
GMO U.S. Core Equity Fund
|
|
$
|
265,683
|
|
GMO U.S. Growth Fund
|
|
$
|
200,312
|
|
GMO International Intrinsic Value Fund
|
|
$
|
50,094
|
|
GMO Foreign Fund
|
|
$
|
22,016
|
|
GMO Emerging Countries Fund
|
|
$
|
85,544
|
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
FD is entitled to receive any distribution and service (12b-1) fees paid by the
Class M Shares for services rendered and expenses borne by FD which are primarily intended to
result in the sale of Class M shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
and/or the provision of certain other services incidental thereto. During the last fiscal year, FD
did not retain any of the distribution and service (12b-1) fees paid by the Funds and directed that
the Funds remit the distribution and service (12b-1) fees directly to certain third party
intermediaries who rendered services to the Funds.
|
|
(b)
|
|
Other classes of the GMO Funds do not pay distribution (12b-1) fees or any other
type of commission or compensation to FD.
|
Item 28.
Location of Accounts and Records
The accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) and the
rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of the Registrant, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA
02110; the Registrants investment adviser, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, 40 Rowes Wharf,
Boston, MA 02110; the Registrants distributor, Funds
Distributor, LLC, 10 High Street,
Boston, MA 02110; the Registrants custodian for certain of the Funds, Brown
Brothers Harriman & Co., 40 Water Street, Boston, MA 02109; and the Registrants custodian for
certain of the Funds and transfer agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street,
Boston, MA 02111.
Item 29.
Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 30.
Undertakings
None.
Notice
A copy of the Declaration of Trust, together with all amendments thereto, is on file with the
Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this instrument is
executed on behalf of the Trust by an officer of the Trust as an officer and not individually and
that the obligations of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or officers of the
Trust or shareholders of any series of the Trust individually but are binding only upon the assets
and property of the Trust or the respective series.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), the
Registrant, GMO Trust, has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 161 under the 1940 Act to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Boston and
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the 26th day of June, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMO Trust
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By:
|
|
/s/ SCOTT E. ESTON
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scott E. Eston
|
|
|
|
|
Title:
|
|
President; Chief Executive Officer;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal Executive Officer
|
|
|
EXHIBIT INDEX
GMO TRUST
|
|
|
Exhibit Ref.
|
|
Title of Exhibit
|
|
Item 23.
|
|
|
|
(a)22
|
|
Amendment No. 34 to the Declaration of Trust.
|
|
(a)23
|
|
Amendment No. 35 to the Declaration of Trust.
|
|
(d)2
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June
30, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International
Intrinsic Value Fund, and GMO.
|
|
(d)25
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June
30, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Tax-Managed
International Equities Fund, and GMO.
|
|
(d)30
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June
30, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Global Growth
Fund, and GMO.
|
|
(d)35
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June
30, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO Developed World
Stock Fund, and GMO.
|
|
(d)42
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Contract, dated as of June
30, 2008, between the Trust, on behalf of GMO International
Growth Equity Fund, and GMO.
|
|
(h)2
|
|
Notification of Undertaking to Reimburse Certain Fund
Expenses by GMO to the Trust, dated as of June 30, 2008.
|
|
(h)3
|
|
Amended and Restated Servicing Agreement, dated May 30, 1996,
as amended and restated effective June 30, 2008, between the
Trust, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit I
thereto, and GMO.
|
|
(j)
|
|
Consents of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
|
|
(m)1
|
|
GMO Trust Amended and Restated Distribution and Service Plan
(Class M), dated as of November 15, 2001, as amended and
restated as of June 30, 2008, on behalf of certain Funds
listed on Appendix A thereto.
|
|
(m)2
|
|
Amended and Restated Administration Agreement, dated as of
June 30, 2008, on behalf of certain Funds listed on Exhibit I
thereto.
|
|
(n)
|
|
Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act
of 1940, effective June 1, 1996, as amended and restated June
16, 2008.
|