As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 30, 2004
Registration No. 333-113526
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
AMENDMENT
NO. 4 TO
FORM
S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933
GREENHILL & CO., INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware | 6199 | 51-0500737 | ||||||||
(State
or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number) |
||||||||
300 Park Avenue
23rd Floor
New York, New York 10022
(212)
389-1500
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)
JOHN D. LIU
Chief
Financial Officer
Greenhill & Co., Inc.
300 Park
Avenue
23rd Floor
New York, New York 10022
(212)
389-1500
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)
Copies To:
JEFFREY
SMALL
NICHOLAS A. KRONFELD Davis Polk & Wardwell 450 Lexington Avenue New York, New York 10017 (212) 450-4000 |
H. RODGIN COHEN
DAVID B. HARMS Sullivan & Cromwell LLP 125 Broad Street New York, New York 10004 (212) 558-4000 |
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APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box.
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion. Dated , 2004.
5,000,000 Shares
Greenhill & Co., Inc.
Common Stock
This is an initial public offering of shares of common stock of Greenhill & Co., Inc. All of the 5,000,000 shares of common stock are being sold by the company.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the common stock. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price per share will be between $14.00 and $16.00. Greenhill & Co., Inc. has applied to list the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "GHL".
See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 8 to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of the common stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Per Share | Total | |||||||||
Initial public offering price | $ | $ | ||||||||
Underwriting discount | $ | $ | ||||||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to Greenhill & Co., Inc | $ | $ | ||||||||
To the extent that the underwriters sell more than 5,000,000 shares of common stock, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional 750,000 shares from Greenhill & Co., Inc. at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discount.
Upon completion of this offering, our managing directors and their affiliated entities will collectively own 83.3% of the total shares of common stock outstanding (or 81.3% if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full).
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment in New York, New York on , 2004.
Goldman, Sachs & Co.
Lehman Brothers
UBS Investment Bank
Keefe, Bruyette & Woods | Wachovia Securities |
Prospectus dated , 2004.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing in our common stock discussed under "Risk Factors" on pages 8 - 14.
Greenhill
We are an independent investment banking firm that (i) provides financial advice on significant mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters and (ii) manages merchant banking funds and commits capital to those funds. Greenhill acts for clients located throughout the world from offices in New York, London and Frankfurt.
We were established in 1996 by Robert F. Greenhill, the former President of Morgan Stanley and former Chairman and Chief Executive of Smith Barney. Since our founding, we have grown steadily by (i) developing new client relationships, (ii) adding new areas of advisory expertise, such as restructuring, (iii) adding high-caliber senior professionals, each with strong client relationships as well as complementary areas of expertise or industry focus, and (iv) expanding our geographic focus by adding offices in London and Frankfurt.
We have demonstrated strong financial results, producing revenue and earnings growth in a variety of economic and market conditions, including a prolonged period in which global merger and acquisition activity declined significantly. Our revenue grew from $36.9 million in 1997 (our first full year of operation) to $126.7 million in 2003, representing a compound annual growth rate of 22.8%. Our income before minority interests and taxes in that same period grew from $28.4 million to $80.7 million, representing a compound annual growth rate of 19.0%.
Principal Sources of Revenue
We derive our revenue from two principal sources: (i) providing financial advisory services and (ii) managing and investing in merchant banking funds.
Financial Advisory
We provide a broad range of strategic and financial advice to U.S. and non-U.S. corporate clients in mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters. Our focus is on providing high-quality advice to management and boards of directors of prominent large and mid-cap companies in transactions that typically are of the highest strategic and financial importance to those companies. In 2003, financial advisory services accounted for 95.8% of our revenues.
Merchant Banking Fund Management
Our merchant banking fund management activities currently consist primarily of management of Greenhill's merchant banking funds, collectively, Greenhill Capital Partners, or GCP, and principal investments by Greenhill in those funds. Merchant banking funds are private investment funds raised from contributions by qualified institutional investors and financially sophisticated individuals. The funds make substantial, sometimes controlling, investments, generally in non-public companies and typically with a view toward divesting within 3 to 5 years. Our merchant banking activities historically have generated revenue almost entirely from fees earned for our management of GCP. In 2003, we started investing our own capital into GCP in material amounts, in addition to that previously invested by our managing directors and other professionals of Greenhill, and we expect to fund further commitments to GCP and invest in subsequent funds that we expect to create. As a result, over time we expect to generate additional revenues from profit overrides and gains on investments from these merchant banking funds.
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Competitive Strengths
• | Independence – We are an independent firm owned and managed by our managing directors, free of many of the conflicts that can arise at larger, diversified financial institutions. |
• | Focus on Advisory Activities – We are focused on advising clients, particularly large and mid-size corporations, rather than on a broad range of securities businesses. We believe this focus has helped and will continue to help us attract clients and recruit financial advisory professionals who want to work in a firm where their activities are the central focus. |
• | Breadth of Advisory Capabilities – While our origin was as an advisor on mergers and acquisitions, we have developed considerable experience and capabilities in financial restructuring situations. |
• | International Capabilities – Unlike many small investment banking firms, we have aggressively sought to develop a broad geographic scope rather than focusing on any one particular market. From 1999 through 2003, 53.2% of our advisory revenues were derived from clients based outside the United States, primarily from the United Kingdom and, to a lesser extent, continental Europe, Latin America and Canada. |
• | Experience – Our 22 managing directors have an average of 22 years of relevant experience. Prior to joining Greenhill, 17 of those individuals were managing directors at other leading financial advisory firms or occupied comparably senior roles in leading private equity firms, law firms or corporations. |
• | Strong Corporate Culture – While Greenhill is relatively young, we have developed a strong corporate culture. We are united by our desire to build a firm where client advisory activities are at the core, and by our commitment to excellence in those activities. Only one managing director has departed in more than 7 years, and 10 of the 22 current managing directors have more than five years' tenure at Greenhill. |
Notwithstanding these competitive strengths, we face a number of competitive challenges, including intense competition from larger firms that have a greater range of products and services and greater financial and other resources than we have and that may pose a threat to our ability to recruit and retain key employees. See "Risk Factors" for a discussion of the factors you should consider before buying shares of our common stock.
Strategy
Our strategy is principally to enhance our position as an independent advisor on important merger, acquisition and restructuring transactions, grow our financial advisory business and expand our merchant banking fund management business. We also aim to maintain a balance of activities across geographic regions and to increase the stability of our earnings. Our strategy is heavily dependent on retaining and recruiting managing directors and other senior professionals, which we believe will be aided by this offering through our enhanced profile and resulting ability to create equity-based compensation plans.
Reorganization of Greenhill
We currently conduct our business through a limited liability company, Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC, and its affiliates. On the date the underwriters deliver the shares against payment to consummate this offering, we will complete a number of transactions in order to have Greenhill & Co., Inc. succeed to the business of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and its affiliates and to have our members become shareholders of Greenhill & Co., Inc. For further details on these transactions, see "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Incorporation Transactions". References in this prospectus to "our members" are to both the members of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and the partners in its controlled affiliated U.K. partnership, Greenhill & Co. International LLP. Each of our individual members and Mr. Robert F. Greenhill are and will be, following our conversion to corporate form, our managing directors.
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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following summary consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified by reference to, the disclosures set forth under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" as well as in the consolidated financial statements and their notes.
For Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Historical | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial Advisory | $ | 84,839 | $ | 106,949 | $ | 95,300 | $ | 107,455 | $ | 121,334 | ||||||||||||
Merchant Banking Fund Management
& Other(a) |
831 | 4,527 | 4,664 | 5,153 | 5,345 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | 85,670 | 111,476 | 99,964 | 112,608 | 126,679 | |||||||||||||||||
% Change from Prior Year | — | 30.1 | % | (10.3 | )% | 12.6 | % | 12.5 | % | |||||||||||||
Income Before Tax & Minority Interest(b) | 40,188 | 48,524 | 34,797 | 75,813 | 80,661 | |||||||||||||||||
Net Income(b) | 36,396 | 45,520 | 34,984 | 57,817 | 45,400 | |||||||||||||||||
Pro forma (unaudited) (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Income Before Tax(d) | 31,428 | 41,080 | 31,243 | 38,985 | 44,415 | |||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Net Income(e) | 18,228 | 23,826 | 18,121 | 22,611 | 25,761 | |||||||||||||||||
% Change from Prior Year | — | 30.7 | % | (23.9 | )% | 24.8 | % | 13.9 | % | |||||||||||||
(a) | Merchant Banking Fund Management & Other includes interest income of $0.6 million, $1.1 million, $0.8 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. |
(b) | Because we have been a limited liability company, payments for services rendered by our managing directors have been accounted for as distributions of members' capital rather than as compensation expense, except for payments of $18.8 million, $27.3 million, $25.5 million, $1.4 million and $5.0 million made to managing directors and managing director equivalents in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively, which were recorded as compensation expense. As a result, our pre-tax earnings and compensation and benefits expense have not reflected most payments for services rendered by our managing directors. Accordingly, pre-tax earnings understate the expected operating costs to be incurred by us after this offering. As a corporation, we will include all payments for services rendered by our managing directors in compensation and benefits expense. We expect that our total compensation and benefits, including that payable to our managing directors, will not exceed 50% of total revenues (although we retain the ability to change this policy in the future). |
(c) | For a reconciliation of the pro forma data to historical financial information, see "Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data". |
(d) | Historical income before tax has been adjusted to reflect (i) compensation and benefits on a pro forma basis equal to 50% of total revenues and (ii) the elimination on a pro forma basis of minority interests held by the European managing directors in our controlled U.K. affiliate, Greenhill & Co. International LLP. In conjunction with this offering, the interests held in Greenhill & Co. International LLP will be exchanged for equity interests in Greenhill. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" for more information on how these amounts were calculated with respect to 2003. The pro forma data for 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 have been calculated based on equivalent assumptions. Because our historical earnings do not fully reflect our managing director compensation expense and include minority interests that will be |
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eliminated following our conversion to corporate form, we believe inclusion of such pro forma data is important to provide an accurate depiction of our business. |
(e) | Historical net income has been adjusted as set forth in note (d) and by increasing our effective tax rate on a pro forma basis to 42.0% to reflect the federal, foreign, state and local taxes we expect to pay as a corporation, partially offset by the assumed deductions of state and local taxes for federal tax purposes. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" for more information on how these amounts were calculated with respect to 2003. The pro forma data for 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 have been calculated based on consistent assumptions. Because our historical earnings do not fully reflect our managing director compensation expense or reflect the level of taxes that we expect to pay as a corporation and include minority interests that will be eliminated following our conversion to corporate form, we believe this pro forma data is important to provide an accurate depiction of our business. |
First Quarter Results
Our revenue for the first quarter of 2004 was $29.6 million, compared to $16.8 million in the first quarter of 2003, representing an increase of 76.2%. Our Income Before Tax & Minority Interest for the first quarter of 2004 was $15.4 million, compared to $7.9 million in the first quarter of 2003, representing an increase of 94.9%. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period.
Our first quarter 2004 revenues are comprised of $25.6 million of Financial Advisory revenues and $4.0 million of Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other revenues. Financial advisory revenues reflected continued high levels of merger and acquisition transactions involving financially distressed companies.
Completed transactions in the first quarter of 2004 included: the sale of AMF Bowling Worldwide, Inc. to Code, Hennessy & Simmons; the restructuring of AT&T Latin America and sale of its subsidiaries to Telefonos de Mexico; the restructuring and sale of Cable & Wireless America to Savvis Communications; the sale of Loral's North American Fixed Satellite Services assets to Intelsat; and the sale of certain assets of the Trilegiant Corporation to Cendant Corporation.
Our Headquarters
Our headquarters are located at 300 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022. Our telephone number is (212) 389-1500.
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THE OFFERING
Common stock offered | 5,000,000 shares | |
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering | 30,000,000 shares | |
Underwriters' option to purchase additional shares | 750,000 shares | |
Voting rights | One vote per share. | |
Initial public offering price | $ . Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the shares. The initial public offering price will be negotiated between Greenhill and Goldman, Sachs & Co., as representative of the underwriters. Among the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price of the shares, in addition to prevailing market conditions, will be our historical performance, estimates of our business potential and earnings prospects, an assessment of our management and the consideration of the above factors in relation to market valuation of companies in related businesses. | |
Use of proceeds | We will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $65.8 million, assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable in connection with this offering and the related transactions. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including (i) the repayment of $16.0 million of bank debt, (ii) the funding of our existing $20.3 million of commitments to Greenhill Capital Partners and (iii) the establishment of new merchant banking funds in which we, through our controlling interest in the general partner of the funds, expect to make certain principal investments. Pending specific application of the net proceeds, we expect to use them to purchase U.S. Government securities, other short-term, highly-rated debt securities and money market funds. | |
Dividend policy | We currently intend to declare quarterly dividends on all outstanding shares of common stock and expect the quarterly dividend to be approximately $0.08 per share. The first quarterly dividend will be for the second quarter of 2004 and will be prorated for the portion of the second quarter of 2004 subsequent to the closing of this offering. The declaration of this and any other dividends and, if declared, the amount of any such dividend, will be subject to our actual future earnings and capital requirements and to the discretion of our board of directors, which will | |
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include a majority of independent directors who have not yet been appointed. For a discussion of the factors that will affect the determination by our board of directors to declare dividends, see "Dividend Policy". | ||
New York Stock Exchange symbol | GHL | |
Unless we specifically state otherwise, the information in this prospectus does not take into account the sale of up to 750,000 shares of common stock which the underwriters have the option to purchase from Greenhill and the 625,000 restricted stock units and the shares of common stock underlying the restricted stock units granted at the offering date.
Except as otherwise indicated, all amounts with respect to the volume, number and market share of mergers and acquisitions transactions and related ranking information included in this prospectus have been derived from information compiled and classified by Thomson Financial.
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RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risks and all of the other information set forth in this prospectus before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock. The following risks comprise all the material risks of which we are aware; however, these risks and uncertainties may not be the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of the events or developments described below actually occurred, our business, financial condition or results of operations would likely suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock would likely decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment in our common stock.
Our ability to retain our managing directors is critical to the success of our business |
Our ability to obtain and successfully execute the advisory mandates that generate substantially all our revenues depends upon the personal reputation, judgment, business generation capabilities and project execution skills of our 22 managing directors, particularly the members of our Management Committee (which consists of Robert F. Greenhill, Scott L. Bok, Simon A. Borrows, Robert H. Niehaus, Timothy M. George, Michael A. Kramer, James R. C. Lupton and Colin T. Roy). Founded in 1996, our business has a limited operating history and, as a result, our managing directors' personal reputations and relationships with our clients are a critical element in obtaining and maintaining client engagements. Accordingly, the retention of our managing directors is particularly crucial to our future success. The departure or other loss of Mr. Greenhill, our founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, or the departure or other loss of any other member of our Management Committee or any other managing director, each of whom manages substantial client relationships and possesses substantial experience and expertise, could materially adversely affect our ability to secure and successfully complete engagements, which would materially adversely affect our results of operations.
In addition, if any of our managing directors were to join an existing competitor or form a competing company, some of our clients could choose to use the services of that competitor instead of our services. There is no guarantee that the compensation arrangements, non-competition agreements and lock-up agreements we have entered into with our managing directors are sufficiently broad or effective to prevent our managing directors from resigning to join our competitors or that the non-competition agreements would be upheld if we were to seek to enforce our rights under these agreements. See "Management—Employment, Non-Competition and Pledge Agreements" and "Management—Transfer Rights Agreements".
Our conversion to corporate form may adversely affect our ability to recruit, retain and motivate key employees |
Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals. Competition for qualified employees in the financial services industry is intense. Our continued ability to compete effectively in our business depends on our ability to attract new employees and to retain and motivate our existing employees.
In connection with the conversion of Greenhill from a limited liability company to corporate form, our managing directors and their affiliated entities will receive 100% of the common stock of Greenhill & Co., Inc. (or 25,000,000 shares) in exchange for their membership interests. Following the offering, our managing directors and their affiliated entities will own 83.3% of the Company, or 81.3% if the underwriters' option is exercised in full. Ownership of and the ability to realize equity value from our common stock, unlike that of membership interests in Greenhill, will not be dependent upon a managing director's continued employment and our managing directors will no longer be restricted from leaving Greenhill by the potential loss of all of the value of their ownership interests. These shares of common stock will be subject to certain restrictions on transfer and a portion will be pledged to secure the liquidated damages provision in each managing director's non-competition and pledge agreement. However, these agreements will survive for only a limited period after termination of services to Greenhill (one year in most cases) and will permit our managing directors to leave
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Greenhill without losing any of their shares of common stock if they comply with these agreements. Consequently, the steps we have taken to encourage the continued service of these individuals after this offering may not be effective. In addition, after this offering our managing directors may receive substantially less aggregate compensation than prior to this offering. The impact of our conversion to corporate form on our employee retention and recruitment is uncertain. For a description of the compensation plan for our senior professionals to be implemented after this offering, see "Management—Employment, Non-Competition and Pledge Agreements" and "Management—The Equity Incentive Plan".
In connection with this offering and conversion of Greenhill from a limited liability company to corporate form, employees will receive grants of restricted stock units. The incentives to attract, retain and motivate employees provided by these awards or by future arrangements may not be as effective as the opportunity, which existed prior to conversion, to become a member of Greenhill. See "Management—The Employee Initial Public Offering Awards" for a description of these awards.
Our revenues derive almost exclusively from advisory fees |
We have historically earned our revenues almost exclusively from advisory fees paid to us by our clients, in large part upon the successful completion of the client's transaction or restructuring. Financial advisory revenues represented 95.8% and 95.4% of our total revenues in 2003 and 2002, respectively. Unlike diversified investment banks, we do not have significant alternative sources of revenue, such as securities trading or underwriting. We expect that our reliance on advisory fees will continue for the foreseeable future and a decline in our advisory engagements or the market for advisory services generally would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our merger and acquisition and restructuring advisory engagements are singular in nature and do not provide for subsequent engagements |
Our clients generally retain us on a non-exclusive, short-term, engagement-by-engagement basis in connection with specific merger or acquisition transactions or restructuring projects, rather than under exclusive long-term contracts. As these transactions are singular in nature and our engagements are not likely to recur, we must seek out new engagements when our current engagements are successfully completed or are terminated. As a result, high activity levels in any period are not necessarily indicative of continued high levels of activity in the next-succeeding or any other period. In addition, when an engagement is terminated, whether due to the cancellation of a transaction due to market reasons or otherwise, we may earn limited or no fees and may not be able to recoup the costs that we incurred prior to that termination.
A high percentage of our total revenues are derived from a few clients and the termination of any one advisory engagement could reduce our revenues and harm our operating results |
Each year, we advise a limited number of clients. Our top ten clients accounted for over 50% of our total revenues in each of the last three years and our largest client accounted for 17.3% of our total revenues in 2003. While the composition of the group comprising our largest clients varies significantly from year to year, we expect that our advisory engagements will continue to be limited to a relatively small number of clients and that an even smaller number of those clients will account for a high percentage of revenues in any particular year. As a result, the adverse impact on our results of operation of one lost mandate or the failure of one transaction or restructuring on which we are advising to be completed can be significant.
There will not be a consistent pattern in our financial results from quarter to quarter, which may result in increased volatility of our stock price |
We experience significant variations in revenues and profits during the year. These variations can generally be attributed to the fact that our revenues are earned in large amounts throughout the
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year upon the successful completion of a transaction or restructuring, the timing of which is uncertain and is not subject to our control. Compared to our larger, more diversified competitors in the financial services industry, we generally experience even greater variations in our revenues and profits. This is due to our dependence on a relatively small number of transactions for most of our revenues, with the result that our earnings can be significantly affected if any particular transaction is not completed successfully, and to the fact that we lack other, more stable sources of revenue in material amounts, such as brokerage and asset management fees, which could moderate some of the volatility in advisory revenues. As a result, it may be difficult for us to achieve steady earnings growth on a quarterly basis, which could adversely affect our stock price.
In addition, in many cases we are not paid for advisory engagements that do not result in the successful consummation of a transaction or restructuring. As a result, our business is highly dependent on market conditions and the decisions and actions of our clients and interested third parties. For example, a client could delay or terminate an acquisition transaction because of a failure to agree upon final terms with the counterparty, failure to obtain necessary regulatory consents or board or shareholder approvals, failure to secure necessary financing, adverse market conditions or because the target's business is experiencing unexpected financial problems. Anticipated bidders for assets of a client during a restructuring transaction may not materialize or our client may not be able to restructure its operations or indebtedness due to a failure to reach agreement with its principal creditors. In these circumstances, in many cases we do not receive any advisory fees, other than the reimbursement of certain out-of-pocket expenses. The failure of the parties to complete a transaction on which we are advising, and the consequent loss of revenue to us, could lead to large adverse movements in our stock price. For more information, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Summary of Quarterly Performance".
Difficult market conditions could adversely affect our business in many ways |
Difficult market and economic conditions and geopolitical uncertainties from 2000 to 2003 had a negative impact on our mergers and acquisitions advisory activity. Continued adverse market or economic conditions would likely affect the number and size of transactions on which we provide mergers and acquisitions advice and therefore adversely affect our financial advisory fees. As our operations in the United States and the United Kingdom have historically provided most of our revenues and earnings, our revenues and profitability are particularly affected by economic conditions in these countries.
In the past, we have derived a substantial share of our revenues from providing investment banking advisory services to the communications and media, consumer goods, retail and financial services sectors. Any slowdown of activity in these sectors could have an adverse effect on our earnings.
Adverse market or economic conditions as well as a slowdown of activity in the sectors in which the portfolio companies of our merchant banking funds operate could have an adverse effect on the earnings of those portfolio companies, and therefore, our earnings, especially in the future as we seek to increase our merchant banking fund management revenues.
If the number of debt defaults, bankruptcies or other factors affecting demand for our restructuring advisory services declines, our revenues and profitability could suffer |
During the recent period when mergers and acquisitions activity declined and debt defaults increased, we increasingly relied on the provision of restructuring and bankruptcy advisory services as a source of new business. We provide various restructuring and restructuring-related advice to companies in financial distress or their creditors or other stakeholders. A number of factors affect demand for these advisory services, including general economic conditions and the availability and cost of debt and equity financing.
If demand for our restructuring services decreases, we could suffer a decline in revenues, which could lower our overall profitability.
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We are seeking to expand our merchant banking fund management business, which will entail increased levels of investments in high-risk, illiquid assets |
We are seeking to expand our merchant banking fund management business by establishing new merchant banking funds. Our revenues from this business are primarily derived from management fees calculated as a percentage of assets under management and profit overrides, which are earned if investments are profitable over a specified threshold. Our ability to form new merchant banking funds is subject to a number of uncertainties, including adverse market or economic conditions, competition from other fund managers, and the ability to negotiate terms with major investors.
In addition, we, through our controlling interest in the general partner of the funds, expect to make certain principal investments in our new funds. We expect to use a portion of the proceeds of this offering for that purpose. The kinds of investments made by these funds are generally in relatively high-risk, illiquid assets. Contributing capital to these funds is risky and we may lose some or all of the principal amount of our investments, and because it may take several years before attractive investment opportunities are identified, some or all of the capital committed by us to these funds is likely to be invested in U.S. government securities, other short-term, highly-rated debt securities and money market funds that have traditionally offered investors relatively lower returns until we identify attractive investment opportunities. In addition, the investments in these funds are adjusted for accounting purposes to fair market value at the end of each quarter and our allocable share of these gains or losses will affect our revenue even though such market fluctuations may have no cash impact, which could increase the volatility of our quarterly earnings. It takes a substantial period of time to identify attractive merchant banking opportunities, to raise all the funds needed to make an investment and then to realize the cash value of our investment through resale. Even if a merchant banking investment proves to be profitable, it may be several years or longer before any profits can be realized in cash. While we intend to use a portion of the proceeds from this offering to make merchant banking investments, we do not expect those proceeds to be fully invested for several years. Until those funds are invested, we will invest them in relatively low-yielding investments in government, corporate and money-market securities.
We face strong competition from far larger firms in part due to a trend toward consolidation |
The investment banking industry is intensely competitive and we expect it to remain so. We compete on the basis of a number of factors, including the quality of our advice and service, innovation, reputation and price. We believe we may experience pricing pressures in our areas of operation in the future as some of our competitors seek to obtain market share by reducing prices. We are a small investment bank, with 107 employees (including managing directors) on December 31, 2003 and total revenues of approximately $126.7 million in 2003. Most of our competitors in the investment banking industry have a far greater range of products and services, greater financial and marketing resources, larger customer bases, greater name recognition, more managing directors to serve their clients' needs, greater global reach and more established relationships with their customers than we have. These larger and better capitalized competitors may be better able to respond to changes in the investment banking market, to compete for skilled professionals, to finance acquisitions, to fund internal growth and to compete for market share generally.
The scale of our competitors has increased in recent years as a result of substantial consolidation among companies in the investment banking industry. In addition, a number of large commercial banks, insurance companies and other broad-based financial services firms have established or acquired financial advisory practices and broker-dealers or have merged with other financial institutions. These firms have the ability to offer a wide range of products, from loans, deposit-taking and insurance to brokerage, asset management and investment banking services, which may enhance their competitive position. They also have the ability to support investment banking with commercial banking, insurance and other financial services revenues in an effort to gain market share, which could result in pricing pressure in our businesses. In particular, the ability to provide financing as well as advisory services has become an important advantage for some of our
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larger competitors, and because we are unable to provide such financing we may be unable to compete for advisory clients in a significant part of the advisory market.
Greenhill will be controlled by its managing directors whose interests may differ from those of other shareholders |
Upon completion of this offering, our managing directors and their affiliated entities will collectively own 83.3% of the total shares of common stock outstanding (or 81.3% if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full). Assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, Robert F. Greenhill and members of his family will beneficially own 26.4% of our common stock (or 25.7% if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full) and the other members of our Management Committee will own 43.0% of our common stock (or 42.0% if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full).
As a result of these shareholdings, the members of our Management Committee initially will be able to elect our entire board of directors, control the management and policies of Greenhill and, in general, determine without the consent of the other shareholders the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to the shareholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Greenhill. Our managing directors initially will be able to prevent or cause a change in control of Greenhill.
Employee misconduct could harm Greenhill and is difficult to detect and deter |
There have been a number of highly publicized cases involving fraud or other misconduct by employees in the financial services industry in recent years and we run the risk that employee misconduct could occur at our company. For example, misconduct by employees could involve the improper use or disclosure of confidential information, which could result in regulatory sanctions and serious reputational or financial harm. Our advisory business often requires that we deal with client confidences of the greatest significance to our clients, improper use of which may have a material adverse impact on our clients. Any breach of our clients' confidences as a result of employee misconduct may impair our ability to attract and retain advisory clients. It is not always possible to deter employee misconduct and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in all cases.
We may face damage to our professional reputation and legal liability to our clients and affected third parties if our services are not regarded as satisfactory |
As an investment banking firm, we depend to a large extent on our relationships with our clients and our reputation for integrity and high-caliber professional services to attract and retain clients. As a result, if a client is not satisfied with our services, it may be more damaging in our business than in other businesses. Moreover, our role as advisor to our clients on important mergers and acquisitions or restructuring transactions involves complex analysis and the exercise of professional judgment, including rendering "fairness opinions" in connection with mergers and other transactions. Our activities may subject us to the risk of significant legal liabilities to our clients and aggrieved third parties, including shareholders of our clients who could bring securities class actions against us. In recent years, the volume of claims and amount of damages claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial intermediaries have been increasing. These risks often may be difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude often remain unknown for substantial periods of time. Our engagements typically include broad indemnities from our clients and provisions to limit our exposure to legal claims relating to our services, but these provisions may not protect us or may not be enforceable in all cases. As a result, we may incur significant legal expenses in defending against litigation. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us could have material adverse financial effects or cause significant reputational harm to us, which could seriously harm our business prospects.
We are subject to extensive regulation in the financial services industry |
We, as a participant in the financial services industry, are subject to extensive regulation in the United States and elsewhere. We face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities in
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all jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. Among other things, we could be fined, prohibited from engaging in some of our business activities or subject to limitations or conditions on our business activities. In addition, as a result of recent highly publicized financial scandals, the regulatory environment in which we operate may be subject to further regulation. New laws or regulations or changes in the enforcement of existing laws or regulations applicable to our clients may also adversely affect our business.
Legal restrictions on our clients may reduce the demand for our services |
New laws or regulations or changes in enforcement of existing laws or regulations applicable to our clients may also adversely affect our businesses. For example, changes in antitrust enforcement could affect the level of mergers and acquisitions activity and changes in regulation could restrict the activities of our clients and their need for the types of advisory services that we provide to them.
Our share price may decline due to the large number of shares eligible for future sale |
Sales of substantial amounts of common stock by our managing directors and other employees, or the possibility of such sales, may adversely affect the price of the common stock and impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of equity securities. See "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for a discussion of possible future sales of common stock.
Upon consummation of this offering, there will be 30,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding (or 30,750,000 shares if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full). Of these shares, the 5,000,000 shares of common stock sold in this offering (or 5,750,000 shares if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full) will be freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933. Subject to certain exceptions described under "Shares Eligible for Future Sale", the remaining 25,000,000 shares of common stock may not be sold until five years after the consummation of this offering except in one or more underwritten public offerings approved by our underwritten offering committee which will be named by our board of directors and will initially consist of Robert F. Greenhill (who will chair the committee), Scott L. Bok and Simon A. Borrows. Approval of an underwritten offering by the committee will require approval of either the chair of the committee or the joint approval of the other two members of the committee, provided that in the first year after consummation of this offering the number of shares so sold may not exceed 15% of the shares initially held by our managing directors (and are also subject to the lock-up restrictions imposed by the underwriting agreement for this offering until not less than 180 days nor more than 210 days after the consummation of this offering, unless waived by the representative of the underwriters). Accordingly, Robert Greenhill alone, or Scott Bok and Simon Borrows together, may permit a sale of shares of our common stock that could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. After five years, there will be no remaining contractual restrictions on resale. In addition, 9,220,490 shares of common stock held by Robert F. Greenhill through his affiliated entities, Lord James Blyth and Harvey R. Miller will be subject to the underwriters' lock-up described in "Underwriting" and will be eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 after two years. See "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for a discussion of the shares of common stock that may be sold into the public market in the future.
Our common stock may trade at prices below the initial public offering price |
The price of the common stock after this offering may fluctuate widely, depending upon many factors, including the perceived prospects of Greenhill and the financial services industry in general, differences between our actual financial and operating results and those expected by investors, changes in general economic or market conditions and broad market fluctuations. The common stock may trade at prices significantly below the initial public offering price. Declines in the price of our stock may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain key employees, including our managing directors.
The historical and unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information in this prospectus may not permit you to predict our costs of operations |
The historical consolidated financial information in this prospectus does not reflect the added costs that we expect to incur as a public company or the resulting changes that have occurred in our
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capital structure and operations. Because we historically operated through partnerships and limited liability companies prior to our transition to corporate form, we paid little or no taxes on profits and paid limited salaries to our managing directors. In preparing our unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information, we deducted and charged to earnings estimated income taxes based on an estimated tax rate, which may be different from our actual tax rate in the future, and estimated salaries, payroll taxes and benefits for our managing directors. The estimates we used in our unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information may not be similar to our actual experience as a public corporation. For more information on our historical financial statements and unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information, see "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" and our historical consolidated financial statements and their notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We may be required to make substantial payments under certain indemnification agreements |
In connection with this offering and our conversion to corporate form, we will enter into agreements that provide for the indemnification of our members, managing directors, directors, officers and certain other persons authorized to act on our behalf against certain liabilities of our managing directors relating to the time they were members or partners of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC or its affiliates, and certain tax liabilities of our members that may arise in respect of periods prior to this offering when we operated as a limited liability company. We may be required to make substantial payments under these indemnification agreements, which could adversely affect our financial condition. For more information on our indemnification arrangements, see "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Incorporation Transactions", "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Managing Director Indemnification" and "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Tax Indemnification Agreement and Related Matters".
You will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the book value of your common stock |
The initial public offering price of our common stock will be substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock. Pro forma net tangible book value represents the amount of our tangible assets on a pro forma basis, less our pro forma total liabilities. As a result, we currently expect that you will incur immediate dilution of $12.38 per share based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per share. For more information, see "Dilution".
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We have made statements under the captions "Prospectus Summary", "Risk Factors", "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Business" and in other sections of this prospectus that are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "may", "might", "will", "should", "expect", "plan", "anticipate", "believe", "estimate", "predict", "potential" or "continue", the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance, based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the numerous risks outlined under "Risk Factors".
These risks are not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus may include additional factors which could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform our prior statements to actual results or revised expectations.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
• | the discussion of significant growth and profit opportunities for firms like ours in the United States and abroad in "Business—Industry Trends"; |
• | the statements about (i) our expectation that our total compensation and benefits, including that payable to our managing directors, will not exceed 50% of total revenues in "Summary Consolidated Financial Data", "Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data", "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of perations—Results of Operations—Operating Expenses" and (ii) our expectation to make certain principal investments and our expectation of revenues from a profit override and from gains on investments of our capital beginning in 2004 in "Prospectus Summary—Principal Sources of Revenue—Merchant Banking Fund Management", "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other Revenues" and "Business—Principal Sources of Revenue—Merchant Banking Fund Management"; |
• | the statement about our expectation of benefits from a sustained increase in M&A volume in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations— Business Environment"; |
• | the statement about our expectation of a decline in financial distressed-driven business in 2004 and thereafter in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Financial Advisory Revenues"; |
• | the statement about our intention to declare quarterly dividends of $0.08 per share on all outstanding shares of common stock under "The Offering" and "Dividend Policy"; |
• | the statements about our belief that a firm focused on advisory activities can be highly profitable and grow rapidly in "Business—Overview"; |
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• | the statements about our expectation of a 50% share of profit overrides for investments made by Greenhill Capital Partners beginning in 2004 in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other Revenues" and our expectation of a 50% share of profit overrides earned on the third fund to be raised by Barrow Street Capital in "Business—Principal Sources of Revenue—Merchant Banking Fund Management" and "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Relationship with Barrow Street Capital"; |
• | the discussion of our ability to meet liquidity needs without maintaining significant cash balances in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources"; and |
• | all the statements in "Business—Strategy" and "Prospectus Summary—Strategy" about our plans, goals, intentions and expectations concerning expanding the depth and breadth of our advisory business, expanding the size of our merchant banking fund management activities, maintaining a balance of activities across geographic regions and increasing the stability of our earnings, and the statement in "Business—Strategy" about our belief that this offering will enhance our profile and recognition as an investment bank and aid our recruiting and business development efforts. |
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $65.8 million, or approximately $76.2 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable in connection with this offering and the related transactions. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to (i) the repayment of $16.0 million of debt incurred under our $16.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, (ii) the funding of our existing $20.3 million of commitments to Greenhill Capital Partners, and (iii) the establishment of new merchant banking funds in which we, through our controlling interest in the general partner of the funds, expect to make certain principal investments. We expect our investments in new funds to be made over a period of several years. Pending specific application of the net proceeds, we expect to use the net proceeds to purchase U.S. Government securities, other short-term, highly-rated debt securities and money market funds.
Our $16.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility matures on June 30, 2005, and the interest rate on borrowings under the facility is, at our option, either LIBOR plus 2.5% or the prime rate. Proceeds of the $16.0 million in borrowings have been and will be applied to investments in Greenhill Capital Partners and expansion of our office space in New York.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We currently intend to declare quarterly dividends on all outstanding shares of common stock and expect the quarterly dividend to be approximately $0.08 per share. The first quarterly dividend will be for the second quarter of 2004 and will be prorated for the portion of the second quarter of 2004 subsequent to the closing of this offering.
The declaration of this and any other dividends and, if declared, the amount of any such dividend, will be subject to our actual future earnings and capital requirements and to the discretion of our board of directors, which will include a majority of independent directors who have not yet been appointed. Our board of directors will take into account such matters as general business conditions, our financial results, capital requirements, contractual, legal and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant.
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DILUTION
The pro forma net tangible book value of Greenhill as of December 31, 2003 was approximately $12.9 million, or approximately $0.52 per share of common stock. Pro forma net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing the pro forma tangible net worth of Greenhill, total pro forma tangible assets less total pro forma liabilities, by the aggregate number of shares of common stock outstanding on a pro forma basis, in each case after giving effect to adjustments for (i) cash distributions to Greenhill's U.S. and U.K. members of $29.5 million of undistributed 2003 earnings and (ii) the merger and related transactions pursuant to which Greenhill & Co., Inc. will succeed to the business of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC, as more fully described in the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Balance Sheet and the notes thereto under "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information". Prior to the closing of this offering, Greenhill will make a further distribution to its members of any 2004 earnings up to the closing date, including the $15.4 million of earnings, less state and local tax, earned in the first quarter of 2004.
After giving effect to the sale by Greenhill of the 5,000,000 shares of common stock in this offering, at an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable in connection with this offering and the related transactions and the receipt and application of the net proceeds, Greenhill's pro forma net tangible book value as of December 31, 2003 would have been approximately $78.7 million, or approximately $2.62 per share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value to existing stockholders of $2.10 per share and an immediate dilution to new investors of $12.38 per share. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
Assumed initial public offering price per share | $ | 15.00 | ||||||||
Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2003 | $ | 0.52 | ||||||||
Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to the sale of common stock in this offering | 2.10 | |||||||||
Pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering | 2.62 | |||||||||
Dilution per share to new investors | $ | 12.38 | ||||||||
Dilution is determined by subtracting pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering from the initial public offering price per share.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of December 31, 2003:
• | on a historical basis; |
• | on a pro forma basis after giving effect to adjustments for (i) cash distributions to Greenhill's U.S. and U.K. members of $29.5 million of undistributed 2003 earnings and (ii) the merger and related transactions pursuant to which Greenhill & Co., Inc. will succeed to the business of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC, as more fully described in the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Balance Sheet and the notes thereto under "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information". Prior to the closing of this offering, Greenhill will make a further distribution to its members of any 2004 earnings up to the closing date, including the $15.4 million of earnings, less state and local tax, earned in the first quarter of 2004; and |
• | on a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect the sale by us of 5,000,000 shares of common stock pursuant to this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable in connection with this offering and the related transactions. |
This table should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
As of December 31, 2003 | ||||||||||||||
Historical | Pro Forma |
Pro Forma
as Adjusted for this Offering |
||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | ||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 1,500 | $ | 1,500 | $ | — | (e) | |||||||
Minority interest | 10,172 | — | (a) | — | ||||||||||
Members' equity | 32,257 | — | (b)(c) | — | ||||||||||
Stockholders' equity: | ||||||||||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 25,000,000 shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis, and 30,000,000 shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis as adjusted for this offering | — | 250 | (a)(c)(d) | 300 | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units, 625,000 units issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis as adjusted for this offering | — | — | — | (f) | ||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | — | 17,509 | (a)(c)(d) | 83,209 | ||||||||||
Accumulated deficit | — | (4,820 | )(b)(d) | (4,820 | ) | |||||||||
Total minority interest, members' equity and stockholders' equity | $ | 42,429 | $ | 12,939 | $ | 78,689 | ||||||||
Total capitalization | $ | 43,929 | $ | 14,439 | $ | 78,689 | ||||||||
(a) | Pro forma minority interest reflects the payment of a $10.2 million cash distribution in respect of our U.K. members' partnership interests in our controlled U.K. affiliate, Greenhill & Co. International LLP, or GCI, in the first quarter of 2004. Prior to the consummation of this offering, our managing directors who were the partners in GCI will exchange their ownership interests in GCI, through a series of consecutive exchanges, for equity interests in Greenhill & Co., Inc. immediately following the merger of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC into Greenhill & Co., Inc. As |
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more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, our U.S. and European members operated under common governance and economic participation arrangements, and as such, the exchange is reflected at book value. |
(b) | Historical members' equity reflects contributed capital of $17.8 million, undistributed 2003 earnings of $19.3 million, and an accumulated deficit of $4.8 million. The accumulated deficit represents distributions to members with respect to prior periods in excess of book income for those periods. This deficit arose because, prior to January 1, 2002, Greenhill distributed earnings to its members based on their allocable share of taxable income, which exceeded book income in some periods. Pro forma members' equity reflects an adjustment for a $19.3 million cash distribution made to our U.S. members in the first quarter of 2004, as well as the adjustments described in note (d). |
(c) | Reflects an adjustment for the issuance of 25,000,000 shares of common stock to our members in exchange for their respective interests in Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC in the merger of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC into Greenhill & Co., Inc. and, after a series of intermediate exchanges, their respective interests in GCI. |
(d) | Reflects the contribution to Greenhill & Co., Inc. prior to the consummation of this offering and after the cash distribution described in note (b) of our original contributed capital of $17.8 million and an accumulated deficit of $4.8 million. |
(e) | Reflects an adjustment for repayment of $1.5 million under our revolving credit facility with a portion of the proceeds of this offering. We anticipate the outstanding balance under our revolving credit facility to be $16.0 million at the time of this offering, all of which will be repaid with a portion of the proceeds from this offering. |
(f) | Reflects the issuance by us of 625,000 restricted stock units to employees at the initial public offering price at the time of this offering which will vest over five years. |
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Because Greenhill has been a limited liability company, payments for services rendered by our managing directors generally have been accounted for as distributions of members' capital (or, in the case of our European managing directors who were partners of Greenhill & Co. International LLP, minority interest) rather than compensation expense. As a result, our compensation and benefits expense has not reflected a large portion of payments for services rendered by our managing directors and therefore understates the expected operating costs to be incurred by us after this offering. Following this offering, we expect that our total compensation and benefits, including that payable to our managing directors, will not exceed 50% of total revenues each year (although we retain the ability to change this policy in the future).
Likewise, as a limited liability company, Greenhill was not subject to U.S. federal or state income taxes, and our controlled U.K. affiliate, Greenhill & Co. International LLP, as a limited liability partnership for 2002 and 2003, was not generally subject to U.K. income taxes. However, Greenhill was subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax on its U.S. earnings, which will no longer be applicable to it following its conversion to corporate form. As a result, Greenhill's reported tax expense understates the level of taxes to be paid by us after this offering.
In order to reflect our expected post-offering compensation, tax, minority interest and equity structure, the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information gives effect to the following items:
• | the incorporation transactions and the related transactions described under "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Incorporation Transactions"; |
• | total compensation and benefits expenses equivalent to 50% of our total revenues; |
• | the provision for corporate income taxes at a 42.0% effective rate; |
• | the elimination of minority interests, which represents the membership interests in Greenhill & Co. International LLP held directly by our managing directors based in Europe; and |
• | cash distribution of pre-incorporation profits to our members. |
These items are collectively referred to as the "Pro Forma Adjustments". In addition, the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Balance Sheet Information gives effect to the proceeds from this offering.
The Pro Forma Adjustments are based upon available information and certain assumptions that management believes are reasonable. The Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes.
The following Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information is based upon the historical consolidated financial statements of Greenhill. The Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Income Information for the year ended December 31, 2003 was prepared as if the incorporation transactions and the related transactions described under "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Incorporation Transactions" and this offering had taken place on January 1, 2003 but does not give effect to any application of the proceeds of this offering. The Unaudited Pro Forma Balance Sheet Information was prepared as if those transactions had occurred as of December 31, 2003. As permitted by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information is presented on a condensed basis.
The Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information presented is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations or financial position that might have occurred had the Pro Forma Adjustments actually taken place as of the dates specified, or that may be expected to occur in the future.
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Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Income Information
Year Ended December 31, 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Historical |
Pro
Forma
Adjustments |
Pro Forma |
Adjustment
for this Offering |
Pro Forma
as Adjusted for this Offering |
||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | $ | 126,679 | $ | — | $ | 126,679 | $ | — | $ | 126,679 | ||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 27,094 | 36,246 | (a) | 63,340 | 63,340 | |||||||||||||||||
Other expenses | 18,924 | — | 18,924 | 18,924 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 46,018 | 36,246 | 82,264 | — | 82,264 | |||||||||||||||||
Income before tax and minority interest | 80,661 | (36,246 | ) | 44,415 | 44,415 | |||||||||||||||||
Minority interest in net income of subsidiary | 32,223 | (32,223 | )(b) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Income before tax | 48,438 | (4,023 | ) | 44,415 | — | 44,415 | ||||||||||||||||
Local tax expense and foreign income tax expense, net | 3,038 | 15,616 | (c) | 18,654 | 18,654 | |||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 45,400 | $ | (19,639 | ) | $ | 25,761 | $ | — | $ | 25,761 | |||||||||||
Shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 25,144 | (d)(e) | 5,000 | (f) | 30,144 | |||||||||||||||||
Diluted | 25,144 | (d)(e) | 5,000 | (f) | 30,144 | |||||||||||||||||
Net income per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 1.02 | $ | 0.85 | ||||||||||||||||||
Diluted | 1.02 | 0.85 | ||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information.
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Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Balance Sheet Information
As of December 31, 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Historical |
Pro
Forma
Adjustments |
Pro Forma |
Adjustment
for This Offering |
Pro Forma
as Adjusted for This Offering |
||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 26,599 | $ | (26,599) | (g) | $ | — | $ | 64,250 | (j) | $ | 64,250 | ||||||||||
Other assets | 34,039 | (2,891 | )(g) | 31,148 | 31,148 | |||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 60,638 | $ | (29,490 | ) | $ | 31,148 | $ | 64,250 | $ | 95,398 | |||||||||||
Compensation payable | $ | 11,899 | $ | — | $ | 11,899 | $ | — | $ | 11,899 | ||||||||||||
Other liabilities | 6,310 | 6,310 | (1,500 | )(j) | 4,810 | |||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities | 18,209 | 18,209 | (1,500 | ) | 16,709 | |||||||||||||||||
Minority interest | 10,172 | (10,172 | )(b) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
Members' equity | 32,257 | (32,257 | )(h) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share | 250 | (b)(d)(i) | 250 | 50 | (f) | 300 | ||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock units | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 17,509 | (b)(d)(i) | 17,509 | 65,700 | (f)(j) | 83,209 | ||||||||||||||||
Accumulated deficit | (4,820 | )(h)(i) | (4,820 | ) | (4,820 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders' equity | — | 12,939 | 12,939 | 65,750 | 78,689 | |||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities, minority interest, members' equity and stockholders' equity | $ | 60,638 | $ | (29,490 | ) | $ | 31,148 | $ | 64,250 | $ | 95,398 | |||||||||||
Book value per share | $ | 0.52 | $ | 2.62 | ||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information.
22
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information assumes an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
(a) | Because Greenhill has been a limited liability company, payments for services rendered by our managing directors generally have been accounted for as distributions of members' capital rather than as compensation expense. As a corporation, we will include all payments for services rendered by our managing directors in compensation and benefits expense. |
Compensation and benefits expense after our conversion to corporate form will consist of cash compensation and non-cash compensation related to the restricted stock units awarded to employees at the time of this offering as well as any additional restricted stock units awarded in the future. It is our policy that our total compensation and benefits, including that payable to our managing directors, will not exceed 50% of total revenues each year (although we retain the ability to change this policy in the future). This policy will be acknowledged by each of our managing directors in the Reorganization Agreement and Plan of Merger pursuant to which we will succeed to the business of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC upon the consummation of this offering. An adjustment has been made to record total compensation and benefits expense at 50% of total revenues, which includes the effect on compensation and benefits expense of any restricted stock units.
The restricted stock units issued to employees at the time of this offering will vest over five years. To the extent any additional restricted stock units are awarded as part of annual compensation, we expect they will also vest over five years. In accordance with the fair value method prescribed by SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation", the restricted stock units with future service requirements will be recorded as compensation expense over the five-year service period following the date of grant. There will be no unearned compensation resulting upon the issuance of the restricted stock units. As the awards are expensed by Greenhill, the restricted stock units will be recorded as equity. The expected compensation expense will be based on a graded vesting schedule, which attributes a higher percentage of the total compensation cost to the earlier years than to the later years of service. As such, Greenhill expects to record this expense over the five year service period as follows: 46%, 26%, 16%, 9% and 4% in years one, two, three, four and five, respectively.
(b) | Pro forma minority interest reflects the payment of a cash distribution of $10.2 million in respect of our U.K. members' partnership interests in our controlled U.K. affiliate, Greenhill & Co. International LLP, or GCI, in the first quarter of 2004. Prior to the consummation of this offering, our managing directors who were the partners in GCI will exchange their ownership interests in GCI, through a series of consecutive exchanges, for equity interests in Greenhill & Co., Inc. immediately following the merger of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC into Greenhill & Co., Inc. As more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, our U.S. and European members operated under common governance and economic participation arrangements, and as such, the exchange is reflected at book value. |
(c) | As a limited liability company, we were generally not subject to income taxes except in foreign and local jurisdictions. An adjustment has been made to increase our effective tax rate to 42.0%, reflecting assumed federal, foreign, state and local income taxes. |
(d) | Reflects an adjustment for the issuance of 25,000,000 shares of common stock to our members in exchange for their respective interests in Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC in the merger of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC into Greenhill & Co., Inc. and, after a series of intermediate exchanges, their respective interests in GCI. |
(e) | For purposes of the pro forma earnings per share calculation, the weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted, were calculated after giving effect to the restricted stock units awarded to employees at the time of this offering. |
(f) | Reflects the sale by us of 5,000,000 shares of common stock pursuant to this offering. |
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(g) | Reflects an adjustment for cash distributions to our U.S. and U.K. members in 2004 of $29.5 million of undistributed earnings. The distributions were funded with available cash, including from the collection of $2.9 million of accounts receivables outstanding as of December 31, 2003. |
(h) | Historical members' equity reflects contributed capital of $17.8 million, undistributed 2003 earnings of $19.3 million, and an accumulated deficit of $4.8 million. The accumulated deficit represents distributions to members with respect to prior periods in excess of book income for those periods. This deficit arose because, prior to January 1, 2002, Greenhill distributed earnings to its members based on their allocable share of taxable income, which exceeded book income in some periods. Pro forma members' equity reflects an adjustment for a $19.3 million cash distribution made to our U.S. members in the first quarter of 2004, as well as the adjustments described in note (i). |
(i) | Reflects the contribution to Greenhill & Co., Inc. prior to the consummation of this offering and after the cash distribution described in note (h) of our original contributed capital of $17.8 million and accumulated deficit of $4.8 million. |
(j) | Reflects net proceeds from this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions, estimated expenses payable in connection with this offering and the related transactions and repayment of $1.5 million under our revolving credit facility. The outstanding balance under our revolving credit facility as of the date of this preliminary prospectus is $16.0 million, all of which will be repaid with a portion of the proceeds from this offering. |
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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA
The following selected consolidated financial and other data of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified by reference to, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected consolidated statement of income data for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002, and 2003 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002 and 2003 are derived from, and qualified by reference to, the audited consolidated financial statements of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC included elsewhere in this prospectus and should be read in conjunction with those consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
The selected consolidated statement of income data for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 2000 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 have been derived from audited consolidated financial statements of Greenhill not included in this prospectus.
The unaudited pro forma data set forth below for the year ended December 31, 2003 have been derived from the pro forma data set forth in "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited pro forma data for the periods prior to 2003 have been calculated based on assumptions consistent to those used for the 2003 unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information. Because our historical earnings do not fully reflect our managing director compensation or reflect the level of taxes that we expect to pay as a corporation and include minority interests that will be eliminated following our conversion to corporate form, we believe that inclusion of this pro forma data is important to provide an accurate depiction of our business. A reconciliation of pro forma data to historical financial information follows this table.
As of or for Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share and number of employee data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Income Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | $ | 85,670 | $ | 111,476 | $ | 99,964 | $ | 112,608 | $ | 126,679 | ||||||||||||
% Change from Prior Year | — | 30.1 | % | (10.3 | )% | 12.6 | % | 12.5 | % | |||||||||||||
Compensation and Benefits(a) | 34,075 | 48,295 | 46,428 | 19,476 | 27,094 | |||||||||||||||||
Other Expenses | 11,407 | 14,657 | 18,739 | 17,319 | 18,924 | |||||||||||||||||
Income Before Tax & Minority Interest(a)(b) | 40,188 | 48,524 | 34,797 | 75,813 | 80,661 | |||||||||||||||||
Net Income(a)(b) | 36,396 | 45,520 | 34,984 | 57,817 | 45,400 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Assets(c) | $ | 59,174 | $ | 57,490 | $ | 90,327 | $ | 63,794 | $ | 60,638 | ||||||||||||
Total Liabilities | 22,593 | 23,604 | 38,230 | 14,363 | 18,209 | |||||||||||||||||
Minority Interest(b) | — | — | — | 7,758 | 10,172 | |||||||||||||||||
Members' Equity(b)(c) | 36,581 | 33,886 | 52,097 | 41,673 | 32,257 | |||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Data (unaudited): | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Income Before Tax(d). | $ | 31,428 | $ | 41,080 | $ | 31,243 | $ | 38,985 | $ | 44,415 | ||||||||||||
Pro Forma Net Income(e) | 18,228 | 23,826 | 18,121 | 22,611 | 25,761 | |||||||||||||||||
% Change from Prior Year | — | 30.7 | % | (23.9 | )% | 24.8 | % | 13.9 | % | |||||||||||||
Pro
Forma Diluted Net
Income Per
Share (f) |
— | — | — | — | $ | 1.02 | ||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Diluted Net Income Per Share as Adjusted for This Offering(g) | — | — | — | — | 0.85 | |||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Diluted Common Shares as Adjusted for This Offering(g) | — | — | — | — | 30,144 | |||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Stockholders' Equity as Adjusted for This Offering(h) | — | — | — | — | 78,689 | |||||||||||||||||
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As of or for Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share and number of employee data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Selected Data and Ratios (unaudited): | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Before Tax & Minority Interest as a Percentage of Revenues | 46.9 | % | 43.5 | % | 34.8 | % | 67.3 | % | 63.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Revenues Per Employee(i) | 1,632 | 1,742 | 1,212 | 1,155 | 1,201 | |||||||||||||||||
Employees(j): | ||||||||||||||||||||||
United States | 42 | 48 | 52 | 64 | 63 | |||||||||||||||||
Europe | 12 | 26 | 39 | 40 | 44 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Employees | 54 | 74 | 91 | 104 | 107 | |||||||||||||||||
(a) | Because we have been a limited liability company, payments for services rendered by our managing directors generally have been accounted for as distributions of members' capital (or, in the case of our European managing directors who were partners of Greenhill & Co. International LLP, our controlled U.K. affiliate, as minority interest) rather than as compensation expense. Compensation expense in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, however, included compensation paid to certain managing directors and managing director equivalents of Greenhill of $18.8 million, $27.3 million, $25.5 million, $1.4 million and $5.0 million, respectively. As a result, our pre-tax earnings and compensation and benefits expense have not reflected most payments for services rendered by our managing directors. Accordingly, pre-tax earnings understate the expected operating costs to be incurred by us after this offering. As a corporation, we will include all payments for services rendered by our managing directors in compensation and benefits expense. We expect that our total compensation and benefits, including that payable to our managing directors, will not exceed 50% of total revenues. Because our historical earnings are not indicative of what we expect our managing director compensation expense to be following our conversion to corporate form, we believe the inclusion of such pro forma data is important to provide an accurate depiction of the pro forma financial results of our business after the consummation of this offering. |
(b) | Effective January 1, 2002, our European managing directors have held partnership interests in Greenhill & Co. International LLP, which were accounted for as minority interests, and any earnings allocable to such partners were excluded from consolidated earnings and members' equity. In conjunction with this offering, the partners of Greenhill & Co. International LLP will exchange their partnership interests in Greenhill & Co. International LLP through a series of consecutive exchanges for equity interests in Greenhill. |
(c) | Cash distributions to our members generally have been made shortly after the end of each calendar quarter. Therefore, after such distributions of cash to our members, total assets and members' equity have decreased significantly at the beginning of each subsequent quarter but gradually increased thereafter until quarter end as a result of booking additional financial advisory fees receivable. |
(d) | Historical income before tax has been adjusted to reflect (i) compensation and benefits on a pro forma basis equal to 50% of total revenues and (ii) the elimination on a pro forma basis of minority interests held by the European managing directors in our controlled U.K. affiliate, Greenhill & Co. International LLP. In conjunction with this offering, the interests held in Greenhill & Co. International LLP will be exchanged through a series of consecutive exchanges for equity interests in Greenhill. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" for more information on how these amounts were calculated with respect to 2003. |
(e) | Historical net income has been adjusted as set forth in note (d) and by increasing our effective tax rate on a pro forma basis to 42.0% to reflect the federal, foreign, state and local taxes we expect to pay as a corporation. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" for more information on how these amounts were calculated with respect to 2003. |
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(f) | Calculated based on weighted average diluted shares outstanding after giving effect to the Pro Forma Adjustments. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" for more information on how these amounts were calculated with respect to 2003. |
(g) | Calculated based on weighted average diluted shares outstanding after giving effect to the Pro Forma Adjustments and as adjusted to reflect the issuance of 5,000,000 shares of common stock pursuant to this offering and the issuance of 625,000 restricted stock units at the time of this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information". |
(h) | Historical members' equity, adjusted to reflect the exchange of ownership interests in Greenhill & Co. International LLP for equity interests in Greenhill, a cash distribution to our members of undistributed earnings at December 31, 2003 and the issuance of shares in this offering and the related grant of restricted stock units to employees. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information". |
(i) | Total revenues divided by average number of employees and managing directors in each period. |
(j) | Includes our managing directors. |
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Reconciliation
of Unaudited Pro Forma Data
to
Historical Financial
Information
The following table reconciles unaudited Pro Forma Income Before Tax to Income Before Tax & Minority Interest. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" for more information on the assumptions underlying these calculations with respect to 2003. The pro forma data for 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 are based on consistent assumptions.
For Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Before Tax and Minority Interest | $ | 40,188 | $ | 48,524 | $ | 34,797 | $ | 75,813 | $ | 80,661 | ||||||||||||
Add back (deduct): | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Historical Compensation and Benefits | 34,075 | 48,295 | 46,428 | 19,476 | 27,094 | |||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Compensation and Benefits | (42,835 | ) | (55,739 | ) | (49,982 | ) | (56,304 | ) | (63,340 | ) | ||||||||||||
Pro Forma Income Before Tax | $ | 31,428 | $ | 41,080 | $ | 31,243 | $ | 38,985 | $ | 44,415 | ||||||||||||
The following table reconciles unaudited Pro Forma Net Income to Net Income:
For Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Income | $ | 36,396 | $ | 45,520 | $ | 34,984 | $ | 57,817 | $ | 45,400 | ||||||||||||
Add back (deduct): | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Historical Compensation and Benefits | 34,075 | 48,295 | 46,428 | 19,476 | 27,094 | |||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Compensation and Benefits | (42,835 | ) | (55,739 | ) | (49,982 | ) | (56,304 | ) | (63,340 | ) | ||||||||||||
Minority Interest | — | — | — | 17,649 | 32,223 | |||||||||||||||||
Historical Taxes | 3,792 | 3,004 | (187 | ) | 347 | 3,038 | ||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Taxes | (13,200 | ) | (17,254 | ) | (13,122 | ) | (16,374 | ) | (18,654 | ) | ||||||||||||
Pro Forma Net Income | $ | 18,228 | $ | 23,826 | $ | 18,121 | $ | 22,611 | $ | 25,761 | ||||||||||||
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MANAGEMENT'S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from those projected in such forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth in the section entitled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Greenhill is an independent investment banking firm that provides financial advisory and merchant banking fund management services. We act for clients located throughout the world and have offices in New York, London and Frankfurt. Our activities constitute a single business segment, with two principal sources of revenue:
• | Financial Advisory, which includes advice on mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters and accounted for 95.8% and 95.4% of our revenues in 2003 and 2002, respectively; and |
• | Merchant Banking Fund Management, which currently consists primarily of management of Greenhill's private equity funds, Greenhill Capital Partners, and principal investments by Greenhill in those funds. |
The dominant source of our revenues is the Financial Advisory business and we expect it to remain so for the near to medium term. The main driver of the Financial Advisory business is overall mergers and acquisitions, or M&A, and restructuring volume, particularly in the industry sectors and geographic markets in which we focus. In addition, new managing director hires add incrementally to our revenue and income growth potential.
Business Environment
Economic and market conditions can significantly affect our financial performance. From the time Greenhill was founded in 1996 as a U.S.-based advisor on mergers and acquisitions through 2000, there was consistent and substantial growth in U.S. and global M&A activity. Worldwide completed M&A transactions grew from $1,090 billion in 1996 to $3,712 billion in 2000.
Beginning in 2001, global completed M&A volume began to decline significantly, falling 68.4% from $3,712 billion in 2000 to $1,174 billion in 2003. Advisory fees earned from M&A and other assignments by financial advisors with whom we compete declined similarly. According to filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, advisory fees earned by Goldman Sachs, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley, four leading advisory firms, declined 59.5% from an aggregate of $6.9 billion in 2000 to $2.8 billion in 2003.
While the significant decline in M&A volume from 2000 to 2003 slowed growth of our revenues, we were nonetheless able to increase advisory revenue in this period by taking three actions designed to counteract the effects of the decline: (i) we recruited senior professionals experienced in financial restructuring so that we could better provide restructuring advice to companies in financial distress and those who wish to acquire such companies or their assets; (ii) we selectively recruited additional senior professionals with M&A experience in certain industries in order to grow our market share in transactions in such industries; and (iii) we sought to take advantage of what we believe to be increased demand for advice from independent firms arising from the occurrence of actual and apparent conflicts of interest between large, diversified financial institutions and their clients.
Recently, global M&A volume has increased and restructuring activity has begun to decline. In the fourth quarter of 2003, global volume of announced M&A transactions was $431.5 billion, compared to $352.3 billion in the same quarter in 2002, a 22.5% increase. In the first two months of 2004, global M&A volume of announced transactions was $410.4 billion, compared to $172.9 billion in the prior year, a 137.4% increase. We expect that we will benefit from any sustained increase in M&A volume, but our growth could be constrained by the relatively small size of our firm and we may
29
not grow as rapidly as our principal competitors. In addition, some of the benefits we expect to experience in connection with the recent increase in M&A volume will be partially offset by the current decline in restructuring activity.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth data relating to Greenhill's sources of revenue:
Revenue by Principal Source of Revenue
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial Advisory | $ | 84,839 | $ | 106,949 | $ | 95,300 | $ | 107,455 | $ | 121,334 | ||||||||||||
Merchant Banking Fund Management & Other | 831 | 4,527 | 4,664 | 5,153 | 5,345 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | 85,670 | 111,476 | 99,964 | 112,608 | 126,679 | |||||||||||||||||
Financial Advisory Revenue by Client Location(a)
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||
United States | 48.7 | % | 34.7 | % | 41.4 | % | 61.2 | % | 47.8 | % | ||||||||||||
Europe | 51.3 | % | 62.0 | % | 52.7 | % | 31.2 | % | 44.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Latin America & Other | 0.0 | % | 3.3 | % | 5.9 | % | 7.6 | % | 8.2 | % | ||||||||||||
(a) | The allocation of revenue in this table differs from that in Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, which allocates revenue by location of the principal Greenhill office generating revenue. |
Financial Advisory Revenue by Industry
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||
Communications & Media | 21.3 | % | 45.5 | % | 20.4 | % | 26.1 | % | 24.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Consumer Goods & Retail | 13.3 | % | 7.4 | % | 34.1 | % | 15.4 | % | 26.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Financial Services | 32.4 | % | 21.7 | % | 11.2 | % | 12.8 | % | 15.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Technology | 20.1 | % | 12.2 | % | 11.2 | % | 6.6 | % | 7.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Energy & Utilities | 3.8 | % | 3.0 | % | 0.8 | % | 6.1 | % | 9.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Lodging & Leisure | 3.4 | % | 3.1 | % | 5.4 | % | 2.5 | % | 0.6 | % | ||||||||||||
General Industrial & Other(a) | 5.7 | % | 7.1 | % | 16.9 | % | 30.5 | % | 17.8 | % | ||||||||||||
(a) | This category reflects transactions in various industries, including chemicals, transportation, steel, paper products and medical products, none of which individually has historically provided significant revenues on a consistent basis. |
Financial Advisory Revenues
We operate in a highly competitive environment where there are no long-term contracted sources of revenue, and each revenue-generating engagement, which typically relates to only one potential transaction, is separately awarded and negotiated. Our list of clients, and our list of clients with whom there is a currently active revenue-generating engagement, changes continually. We gain new clients each year through our business development initiatives, through recruiting additional senior investment banking professionals who bring with them client relationships and through referrals from directors, attorneys and other parties with whom we have relationships. At the same time, we lose clients each year as a result of the sale or merger of a client, a change in a client's senior management, competition from other investment banks and other causes.
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We earn a majority of our Financial Advisory revenue from completion fees that are dependent on the successful completion of a merger, acquisition, restructuring or similar transaction. A transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons, including failure to agree upon final terms with the counterparty, failure to secure necessary board or shareholder approvals, failure to secure necessary financing and failure to achieve necessary regulatory approvals. In certain client engagements, often those involving financially distressed companies, we earn a significant portion of our revenue in the form of retainers and similar fees that are contractually agreed upon with each client for each assignment but are not necessarily linked to the end result.
We do not allocate our Financial Advisory revenue by type of advice rendered (M&A, restructuring or other) because of the complexity of the assignments for which we earn revenue. For example, a restructuring assignment can involve, and in some cases end successfully in, a sale of all or part of the financially distressed client. Likewise, an acquisition assignment can relate to a financially distressed target involved in or considering a restructuring. Finally, an M&A assignment can be received from a relationship that derives from a prior restructuring assignment, and vice versa.
2003 versus 2002 . We earned Financial Advisory revenues of $121.3 million in 2003, an increase of 12.9% compared to 2002. At the same time, worldwide completed M&A volume for all corporations decreased by 12.5%, from $1,341 billion to $1,174 billion, and aggregate advisory revenues reported by Goldman Sachs, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley declined by 22.2%, from $3.6 billion to $2.8 billion. The increase in our Financial Advisory revenues reflected our business development efforts and continued high levels of M&A and restructuring transactions involving financially distressed companies, which was the principal driver of our Financial Advisory revenues in 2002 and 2003. We expect that the volume of financial distress-driven business will decline in 2004 and thereafter.
Prominent advisory assignments completed in 2003 include: the restructuring of AT&T Canada Inc.; the restructuring and sale of assets of Bethlehem Steel Corporation; the sale of Debenhams plc to a consortium of private equity investors; the sale of certain assets of Electronic Data Systems Corporation to Fiserv Inc.; and the sale of Wella AG to The Procter & Gamble Company.
We earned advisory revenue from 39 different clients in 2003, compared to 43 in 2002; 18 of those clients did not produce any 2002 revenue. We earned $1 million or more from 31 of those clients in 2003, compared to 30 in 2002. In 2003, the ten largest fee-paying clients constituted 55.0% of our total revenue, and none of those ten clients had in any prior year been among our ten largest fee-paying clients. We had one client in 2003 that individually constituted more than 10% of total revenue, and this client accounted for 17.3% of total revenue. Our revenues in 2003 attributable to this client related to an engagement that was singular in nature, like all of our other advisory engagements.
2002 versus 2001 . We earned Financial Advisory revenues of $107.5 million in 2002, an increase of 12.8% compared to 2001. At the same time, worldwide completed M&A volume for all corporations declined by 38.6%, from $2,183 billion to $1,341 billion, and aggregate advisory revenues reported by Goldman Sachs, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley declined by 30.8%, from $5.2 billion to $3.6 billion. The increase in Financial Advisory revenue in 2002 was principally due to an increase of $15.9 million in advisory retainer fees.
Prominent advisory assignments completed in 2002 include: the sale by Diageo plc of Burger King Corporation; the restructuring and sale of Pegaso Telecommunicaciones to Telefonica Moviles SA; the restructuring and sale of assets of Sterling Chemicals Inc.; the acquisition by Tesco plc of T&S Stores plc; and the merger of Westvaco Corporation with Mead Corporation.
We earned advisory revenue from 43 different clients in 2002, compared to 33 in 2001. We earned $1 million or more from 30 of those clients in 2002, compared to 18 in 2001. In 2002, the ten largest fee-paying clients constituted 55.7% of our total revenue, and four of those ten clients had in a prior year been among our ten largest fee-paying clients. We had no clients that individually constituted more than 10% of total revenue.
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Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other Revenues
Our Merchant Banking Fund Management activities currently consist primarily of management of Greenhill's private equity funds, Greenhill Capital Partners, and principal investments by Greenhill in Greenhill Capital Partners. Until recently, our investments in Greenhill Capital Partners generally were made only by our members and other professionals for their own accounts. In October 2003, we began to make principal investments in material amounts through Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC. Our Merchant Banking Fund Management activities historically have generated revenue almost entirely from fees earned for our management of Greenhill Capital Partners, which are calculated as a percentage of funds under management. Beginning in 2004, we expect that Merchant Banking Fund Management will also generate modest revenues from our small portion of the override of the profits over a specified threshold earned on pre-2004 investments managed on behalf of outside investors. We also expect to receive income from gains on investments of our capital in Greenhill Capital Partners, and any other principal activities. While we do not intend to participate as a limited partner in any future funds, we expect to use a portion of the proceeds of this offering to make certain principal investments in connection with our role as the controlling member of the general partner of those funds. Any losses on a fund's investments will offset any gains in that fund and reduce our Merchant Banking Fund Management revenues accordingly.
We began earning asset management fees in 2000 when we formed Greenhill Capital Partners and raised a group of funds with $424 million of investment commitments. Of that amount, 20.0% was from members and other professionals of Greenhill and does not bear management fees, and 80.0% was from outside investors and does bear management fees (typically between 1.25% and 1.50% of committed capital). Effective in 2003, the portion bearing management fees declined to 76.5% as a result of our purchase of certain outside investors' interests. Beginning July 1, 2005, which is the fifth anniversary of the establishment of the funds and the end of the commitment period, management fees on the outside investors' portion of the fund will be 1.0% of invested capital.
We had not earned any profit override as of December 31, 2003. Participation in profit overrides, calculated as a percentage (typically 20%) of the profits over a specified threshold (typically 8%) earned by outside investors in investments by Greenhill Capital Partners, historically has been assigned principally to managing directors of Greenhill, and any profit override ultimately realized in relation to such investments will be paid directly to such individuals. For investments made by Greenhill Capital Partners beginning in 2004, one-half of the profit override will be assigned to Greenhill, with the remainder to be allocated directly to individuals at Greenhill involved in managing those funds. The amount of profit override earned by Greenhill in the future will depend on the profits (if any) ultimately generated on the portion of investments made by our funds in 2004 and thereafter that are attributable to outside investors.
Prior to 2003, commitments to Greenhill Capital Partners were made by individual members and other professionals of Greenhill in their personal capacity rather than by Greenhill itself, and Greenhill had no investments in (or gains or losses from) such funds. In late 2003, we began to invest as principal alongside our outside investors, and as of March 31, 2004, we had made a total of $9.1 million of principal investments in, and $20.3 million of commitments to, Greenhill Capital Partners. Our principal investments and commitments represent approximately 13.5% of total outstanding fund commitments, reducing the portion of total outstanding fund commitments from outside investors (including Managing Directors and employees) to approximately 86.5%. See "Business—Principal Sources of Revenue—Merchant Banking Fund Management". As a result of our principal investments made to date, as well as investments to be made in future merchant banking funds that we expect to establish and fund with a portion of the proceeds of this offering, we expect to receive income from gains on such investments in future periods. No assurances can be given, however, that such gains will be realized.
In addition to our Merchant Banking Fund Management activities in connection with Greenhill Capital Partners, we have invested in and have an ongoing relationship with Barrow Street Capital, LLC, or Barrow Street Capital, a limited liability company that manages two real estate merchant
32
banking funds. One of the two managing principals of Barrow Street Capital is Robert F. Greenhill, Jr., son of Robert F. Greenhill, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Greenhill. For a further discussion of our relationship with Barrow Street Capital, see "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Relationship with Barrow Street Capital".
2003 versus 2002 . Greenhill had $5.3 million of Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other revenues in 2003 and $5.2 million of such revenues in 2002. These revenues were principally comprised of asset management fees earned from Greenhill Capital Partners of $5.0 million and $4.7 million in 2003 and 2002, respectively. In addition, Greenhill earned $0.4 million from its investment in Barrow Street Capital as compared to $0.1 million in 2002. This gain in 2003 was offset by a $0.4 million loss on Greenhill's investment in Greenhill Capital Partners. The remainder of our Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other revenue primarily reflects interest income.
2002 versus 2001 . Greenhill had $5.2 million of Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other revenues in 2002 and $4.7 million of such revenues in 2001. These revenues were principally comprised of asset management fees earned from Greenhill Capital Partners of $4.7 million in both 2002 and 2001. In addition, Greenhill earned $0.1 million from its investment in Barrow Street Capital in 2002 as compared to a loss of $0.6 million in 2001. The remainder of our Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other revenue primarily reflects interest income.
Operating Expenses
The principal component of Greenhill's operating expenses is compensation and benefits expense. Because we have been a limited liability company, payments for services rendered by our managing directors generally have been accounted for as distributions of members' capital or minority interest expense rather than as compensation expense. As a result, our historical compensation and benefits expense has not reflected a large portion of payments for services rendered by our managing directors and therefore understates the expected operating costs to be incurred by us after this offering. As a corporation, we will include all payments for services rendered by our managing directors in compensation and benefits expense. We expect that our total compensation and benefits, including that payable to our managing directors, will not exceed 50% of total revenues each year (although we retain the ability to change this policy in the future). See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information".
Operating expenses apart from compensation have been modest in proportion to revenues, as a result of the relatively small number of staff and related costs (including travel, office space, communications, depreciation and professional services) that Greenhill bears. A portion of certain costs are reimbursed by clients under the terms of client engagements. In addition, Barrow Street Capital reimburses us for certain occupancy related costs, health care premiums and other costs incurred by us.
The following table sets forth information relating to our operating expenses, which are reported net of reimbursements, and number of employees:
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Operating Expenses and Employees
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except employee data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Employees and Managing Directors at Year End | 54 | 74 | 91 | 104 | 107 | |||||||||||||||||
Compensation & Benefit Expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee Compensation & Benefits | $ | 15,314 | $ | 21,035 | $ | 20,935 | $ | 18,085 | $ | 22,089 | ||||||||||||
Managing Director Compensation(a) | 18,761 | 27,260 | 25,493 | 1,391 | 5,005 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Compensation & Benefit Expense | 34,075 | 48,295 | 46,428 | 19,476 | 27,094 | |||||||||||||||||
% of Revenues | 39.8 | % | 43.3 | % | 46.4 | % | 17.3 | % | 21.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Pro Forma Total Compensation & Benefit Expense (unaudited)(b) | 42,835 | 55,739 | 49,982 | 56,304 | 63,340 | |||||||||||||||||
% of Revenues | 50.0 | % | 50.0 | % | 50.0 | % | 50.0 | % | 50.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Non-Compensation Expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Operating Expenses | 7,803 | 11,648 | 15,113 | 13,890 | 15,506 | |||||||||||||||||
Depreciation & Amortization | 3,604 | 3,009 | 3,626 | 3,429 | 3,418 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Non-Compensation Expense | 11,407 | 14,657 | 18,739 | 17,319 | 18,924 | |||||||||||||||||
% of Revenues | 13.3 | % | 13.1 | % | 18.7 | % | 15.4 | % | 14.8 | % | ||||||||||||
Total Operating Expenses | 45,482 | 62,952 | 65,167 | 36,795 | 46,018 | |||||||||||||||||
% of Revenues | 53.1 | % | 56.5 | % | 65.2 | % | 32.7 | % | 36.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Pro Forma Total Operating Expenses
(unaudited)(c) |
54,242 | 70,396 | 68,721 | 73,623 | 82,264 | |||||||||||||||||
% of Revenues | 63.3 | % | 63.1 | % | 68.7 | % | 65.4 | % | 64.9 | % | ||||||||||||
(a) | Managing Director Compensation includes payments made to managing directors and managing director equivalents from 1999 to 2003, which were recorded as compensation expense. |
(b) | Calculated as 50% of total revenues. |
(c) | Pro Forma Total Operating Expenses is the sum of (i) Pro Forma Total Compensation & Benefit Expense and (ii) Total Non-Compensation Expense. |
Compensation Expense
Because we have been a limited liability company, payments for services rendered by our managing directors have been accounted for as distributions of members' capital and minority interest rather than as compensation expense, except for payments of $18.8 million, $27.3 million, $25.5 million, $1.4 million and $5.0 million made to managing directors and managing director equivalents in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively, which were recorded as compensation expense. As a result, our pre-tax earnings and compensation and benefits expense have not reflected most payments for services rendered by our managing directors. Accordingly, pre-tax earnings understate the expected operating costs to be incurred by us after this offering. As a corporation, we will include all payments for services rendered by our managing directors in compensation and benefits expense. It is our policy that our total compensation and benefits, including that payable to our managing directors, will not exceed 50% of total revenues each year (although we retain the ability to change this policy in the future). This policy will be acknowledged by each of our managing directors in the Reorganization Agreement and Plan of Merger pursuant to which we will succeed to the business of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC upon the consummation of this offering.
2003 versus 2002 . Compensation and benefits expense increased to $27.1 million, an increase of $7.6 million over compensation and benefit expense of $19.5 million in 2002. Compensation expense for the managing directors increased $3.6 million, principally related to the treatment of a portion of our chief executive officer's earnings as compensation expense effective for 2003.
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Employee compensation and benefit expense for 2003 increased $4.0 million to $22.1 million as compared to $18.1 million for 2002. The 2003 increase in employee compensation expense related to an increase in bonus awards of $3.2 million and an increase in base salaries and benefits of $0.8 million, attributable to a slight increase in average headcount and higher total compensation paid to all employees.
2002 versus 2001 . Compensation and benefits expense decreased $26.9 million to $19.5 million from $46.4 million in 2001. During 2001, our European managing directors were employees of Greenhill & Co. International Ltd. and all of their 2001 earnings of $25.5 million were recorded as compensation expense. Effective January 1, 2002, the European managing directors, except for a senior advisor who joined us as a partner in October 2002, became partners of Greenhill & Co. International LLP and received their allocable share of our global profits as distributions of partner capital and, accordingly, their earnings were not charged to expense. Employee compensation and benefit expense for 2002 decreased $2.8 million to $18.1 million as compared to $20.9 million for 2001. The 2002 decrease in employee compensation expense related principally to a decrease of $4.5 million in compensation expense as a result of the internal promotion of four principals to managing director as of January 2002, offset by a $1.7 million increase in total employee compensation due to an increase in the average headcount and bonus awards as compared to the prior year.
Non-Compensation Expense
Our non-compensation expense includes costs for occupancy and rental, communications, information services, professional fees, travel and entertainment, insurance, depreciation and other operating expenses. Reimbursable client expenses are netted against operating expenses.
In 2004, the New York office will complete the build-out of additional office space at its current location. We estimate costs for the additional space and related expenses for the expansion will increase our annual expenses by approximately $2.1 million.
As a result of this offering we will no longer be a private company and our costs for such items as insurance, accounting and legal advice will increase. We will also incur costs which we have not previously incurred for director fees, investor relations expenses and various other costs of a public company. In the aggregate, we estimate that we will incur incremental costs in excess of $3.1 million per year as a result of our conversion to a publicly traded company. In addition, in conjunction with this offering, we will incur certain non-recurring costs which will be recorded as operating expenses in the second quarter of 2004.
2003 versus 2002 . Non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue for 2003 declined 0.5 percentage points to 14.9% ($18.9 million) as compared to 15.4% ($17.3 million) in 2002. The decline in these expenses as a percentage of revenue related to our ability to hold these expenses relatively constant while our revenues increased. The increase in 2003 expenses as compared to 2002 related principally to an increase in net travel expenses of $1.0 million, an increase of $0.2 million in occupancy expense due to the November 2003 expansion of the New York office and an increase of $0.9 million in our foreign non-compensation expense resulting from the weakening dollar's impact on the foreign exchange translation, offset, in part, by a decrease in general office costs of $0.3 million.
2002 versus 2001 . Non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue for 2002 declined 3.3 percentage points to 15.4% ($17.3 million) as compared to 18.7% ($18.7 million) in 2001. The decline in these expenses as a percentage of revenue resulted from the benefit of increased client reimbursements over the prior year and increased emphasis on cost controls. The decrease in 2002 expenses as compared to 2001 related principally to higher reimbursements of client expenses of $1.7 million, offset, in part, by an increase in occupancy expense of $0.3 million primarily due to the expansion of the London office.
Provision For Taxes
Prior to this offering, Greenhill, as a limited liability company, was not subject to U.S. federal or state income taxes and its U.K. controlled affiliate Greenhill & Co. International LLP, as a limited
35
liability partnership for 2002 and 2003 was generally not subject to U.K. income taxes. However, Greenhill was subject to the 4.0% New York City Unincorporated Business Tax on its U.S. earnings, which will no longer be applicable following our conversion to corporate form. In addition, certain of Greenhill's non-U.S. subsidiaries have been subject to income taxes in their local jurisdictions. The amount of Greenhill's provision for income and unincorporated business taxes has varied significantly from year to year depending on the mix of earnings among its subsidiaries. For information on the pro forma effective tax rate of Greenhill in corporate form, see "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information".
Geographic Data
For a summary of the total revenues, income before minority interest and tax and total assets of Greenhill by geographic region, see Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements.
Cash Flows
Greenhill's historical cash flows are primarily related to the timing of receipt of advisory fees and the timing of distributions of profits to the members. In general, Greenhill collects its accounts receivable within 60 days. In certain restructuring transactions, collections may take longer due to issues such as court-ordered holdbacks. We have not had significant accounts receivable write-offs over our history.
2003
Cash increased to $26.6 million in 2003. Cash of $69.2 million was provided by operating activities, including $45.4 million from net income, $14.1 million from a decrease in accounts receivables and $2.4 million from an increase in minority interest in the net assets of our U.K. affiliate. Cash of $7.2 million was used for investing activities, primarily for the purchase from outside investors of a portion of Greenhill Capital Partners' limited partner interest and technology-related expenditures. Financing activities used $54.2 million of cash, reflecting distributions to members offset by a small increase in short-term borrowings.
2002
Cash decreased to $17.9 million in 2002. Cash of $46.4 million was provided by operating activities, including $57.8 million of net income and $7.8 million from an increase in minority interest in the net assets of a subsidiary, offset by a $22.6 million decrease in compensation payable, primarily from the elimination of compensation payments to our European managing directors. An insignificant amount of cash was used for investing activities. Financing activities used $68.8 million of cash, reflecting distributions to our members.
2001
Cash increased to $39.9 million in 2001. Cash of $29.9 million was provided by operating activities, including $35.0 million from net income and a $13.2 million increase in compensation payable, primarily from increased compensation to our European managing directors, offset by a $20.5 million increase in accounts receivable. Cash of $3.5 million was used for investing activities. Financing activities used $16.3 million of cash, reflecting distributions to members.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have typically had a balance sheet with assets consisting primarily of cash and accounts receivable in relation to earned advisory fees. Cash distributions to our managing directors are generally made shortly after the end of each calendar quarter. Therefore, levels of cash on hand decrease significantly after the quarterly distribution of cash to managing directors, and gradually increase until quarter end. Our liabilities have typically consisted of accounts payable and accrued compensation. At year-end 2003, we had debt of $1.5 million as a result of borrowings under our
36
$16.0 million revolving credit facility. Borrowings under this facility increased to $16.0 million on March 10, 2004. Proceeds of these borrowings have been and will be applied to investments in Greenhill Capital Partners and expansion of our office space in New York. We expect to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repay these borrowings.
Our liquidity position is monitored by our Management Committee, which meets monthly. The Management Committee monitors cash, other significant working capital assets and liabilities, debt, principal investment commitments and other matters relating to liquidity and compliance with regulatory net capital requirements.
Historically, we have generated enough cash each month to meet our obligations and have not needed to maintain significant cash balances. We expect this trend to continue, especially in light of the discretionary managing director compensation structure that will be implemented in connection with this offering. See "Management—Employment, Non-Competition and Pledge Agreements" for more details.
We had total commitments (not reflected on our balance sheet) relating to future principal investments of $3.9 million and $0.2 million, as of year-end 2003 and 2002. As of March 31, 2004, we had $20.3 million of total commitments relating to future principal investments. We expect to fund these commitments with the proceeds of this offering. We may be required to fund these commitments at any time through June 2005, depending on the timing and level of investments by Greenhill Capital Partners, although we do not expect these commitments to be drawn in full.
In 2004, we have made $29.5 million of cash distributions of all previously undistributed earnings to the U.S. and U.K. members relating to periods prior to December 31, 2003. Prior to the closing of this offering, we expect to distribute cash and, to the extent cash is not available, interests in certain accounts receivable to our members so as to distribute to our members all earnings related to the period from January 1, 2004 to the date of this offering. These distributions would include earnings for the first quarter of 2004 of $15.4 million, less state and local tax, as well as any additional earnings generated during the period from April 1, 2004 to the date of the closing of this offering. We are not able to quantify the exact amount of earnings that will be distributed to our members until immediately prior to the closing of this offering. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information".
Summary of Quarterly Performance
The following tables present unaudited quarterly combined financial information on a historical basis for each of our most recent eight fiscal quarters. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period.
Three Months Ended (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2003 | June 30, 2003 | September 30, 2003 | December 31, 2003 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
%
of
full year |
Total |
%
of
full year |
Total |
%
of
full year |
Total |
%
of
full year |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 16,789 | 13.2 | % | $ | 37,836 | 29.9 | % | $ | 32,448 | 25.6 | % | $ | 39,606 | 31.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses | 8,844 | 19.2 | % | 10,891 | 23.7 | % | 11,146 | 24.2 | % | 15,138 | 32.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Before Tax & Minority Interest | 7,945 | 9.9 | % | 26,945 | 33.4 | % | 21,302 | 26.4 | % | 24,468 | 30.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2002 | June 30, 2002 | September 30, 2002 | December 31, 2002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
%
of
full year |
Total |
%
of
full year |
Total |
%
of
full year |
Total |
%
of
full year |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 35,407 | 31.4 | % | $ | 14,705 | 13.1 | % | $ | 22,359 | 19.9 | % | $ | 40,137 | 35.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses | 8,219 | 22.3 | % | 8,486 | 23.1 | % | 10,400 | 28.3 | % | 9,690 | 26.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Before Tax & Minority Interest | 27,188 | 35.9 | % | 6,219 | 8.2 | % | 11,959 | 15.8 | % | 30,447 | 40.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
We have been profitable on a quarterly basis, but our revenues and income before taxes and minority interest historically have been volatile. This volatility arises from the fact that completion fees comprise the majority of our revenues and the receipt of such fees is dependent upon the successful completion of client transactions, the occurrence and timing of which is irregular and not subject to our control.
Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth information relating to our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2004:
Payment Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations | Total |
Less
than
1 year |
1-3
years |
3-5
years |
More
than
5 years |
|||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 16,000 | $ | 16,000 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||
Operating Lease Obligations | 29,260 | 4,404 | 8,627 | 8,390 | 7,839 | |||||||||||||||||
Merchant Banking Commitments(a) | 20,328 | 20,328 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 65,588 | $ | 40,732 | $ | 8,627 | $ | 8,390 | $ | 7,839 | ||||||||||||
(a) | We may be required to fund our merchant banking commitments at any time through June 2005, depending on the timing and level of investments by Greenhill Capital Partners, although we do not expect these commitments to be drawn in full. |
Market Risk
Due to the nature of our business and the manner in which we conduct our operations, in particular our limitation of investment to short term cash investments, we believe that we do not face any material interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk, equity price risk or other market risk. As we begin to increase our principal investments in Greenhill Capital Partners and other merchant banking funds, we will face substantially greater exposure to changes in the estimated fair value of the companies in which these funds invest, which historically has been volatile. In addition, the reported amounts of our revenues may be affected by movements in the rate of exchange between the euro and pound sterling (in which 36.7% of our 2003 revenues were denominated) and the dollar, in which our financial statements are denominated. We do not currently hedge against movements in these exchange rates.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and their notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We believe that the following discussion addresses Greenhill's most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require management's most difficult, subjective and complex judgments.
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Revenue Recognition
Financial Advisory Fees
We recognize advisory fee revenue when the services related to the underlying transactions are completed in accordance with the terms of the respective engagement letters. Retainer fees are generally recognized as advisory fee income over the period the services are rendered.
Our clients reimburse certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by us in the conduct of advisory engagements. Expenses are reported net of such client reimbursements.
Merchant Banking Fund Management Revenues
Merchant Banking Fund Management revenue consists of (i) management fees on our merchant banking activities, (ii) gains (or losses) on investments in our merchant banking funds and other principal investment activities and (iii) merchant banking profit overrides.
Fund management fees are recognized over the period of related service.
We recognize revenue on investments in merchant banking funds based on our allocable share of gains (or losses) reported by such funds on a quarterly basis. Investments held by Greenhill Capital Partners are recorded at estimated fair value. Investments are initially carried at cost as an approximation of fair value. The carrying value of such investments is adjusted at each period end to the extent that changes in the underlying fair values are readily determinable. Public investments are valued using quoted market prices discounted for any restrictions on sale. Privately held investments are carried at estimated fair value as determined by the general partner (our affiliate) after giving consideration to the cost of the security, the pricing of other private placements of the portfolio company, the price of securities of other companies comparable to the portfolio company, purchase multiples paid in other comparable third-party transactions, the original purchase price multiple, market conditions, liquidity, operating results and other financial data.
We recognize merchant banking profit overrides when certain financial returns are achieved over the life of the funds. Profit overrides are calculated as a percentage of the profits over a specified threshold earned by such funds on investments managed on behalf of outside investors. Future underperformance by the fund may require amounts previously earned as profit overrides to be returned to the fund in future periods. Accordingly, merchant banking overrides are recognized as revenue only after material contingencies have been resolved.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Interpretation No. 46, or FIN 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, or VIEs. In December 2003, the FASB issued a revised version of FIN 46, or FIN 46-R, in an effort to clarify the application of FIN 46. The Interpretations define variable interests and specify the circumstances under which consolidation of entities will be dependent on such interests. The provisions of FIN 46 were effective after January 31, 2003 for all newly acquired or created interests in VIEs and as of December 31, 2003 for all interests in VIEs existing and owned prior to January 31, 2003. For public entities, FIN 46-R is effective for all interests in VIEs as of the end of the first reporting period ending after March 15, 2004. However, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating whether the general partner of Greenhill Capital Partners meets the definition of a VIE and it is possible that we would be required to consolidate this entity into the financial statements of Greenhill on March 31, 2004. If the general partner of Greenhill Capital Partners were consolidated into our financial statements, we expect our revenues and expenses would increase in equal measure; however, we do not expect any impact from that consolidation to our net income. While the provisions of FIN 46-R may have an impact on our accounting for our future business relationships, they will not have an impact on our historical consolidated financial statements.
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BUSINESS
Overview
Greenhill is an independent investment banking firm that (i) provides financial advice on significant mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters and (ii) manages merchant banking funds and commits capital to those funds. We act for clients located throughout the world from offices in New York, London and Frankfurt.
We were established in 1996 by Robert F. Greenhill, the former President of Morgan Stanley and former Chairman and Chief Executive of Smith Barney. We were founded on the belief that: (i) a corporate finance advisory business does not need, and indeed could benefit by separating from, the variety of other financial activities that larger, diversified investment banks pursue alongside their client advisory activities; (ii) senior professionals focused on client advisory activities but residing at the larger, diversified investment banks would be drawn to a business model where client advisory activities were at the center of the firm; and (iii) the relatively low capital and overhead requirements of a predominantly advisory business, combined with the ability to expand the business by selectively adding managing directors, allow a firm focused on client advisory activities to be highly profitable and maintain significant growth potential.
Since its founding, Greenhill has grown steadily, recruiting a number of managing directors from major investment banks (as well as senior professionals from other institutions), each with a different geographic, industry or transaction focus and each with a different set of corporate management and other relationships. As part of this expansion, we opened a London office in 1998, raised a merchant banking fund in 2000, opened a Frankfurt office later in 2000 and began offering financial restructuring advice in 2001. We have demonstrated strong financial results from serving a diverse and growing client base, producing revenue and earnings growth in a variety of economic and market conditions, including a prolonged period in which global merger and acquisition activity declined significantly. Our revenue grew from $36.9 million in 1997 (our first full year of operation) to $126.7 million in 2003, representing a compound annual growth rate of 22.8%.
We seek to differentiate ourselves from our major competitors through our independence, focus and approach to transactions. We are an independent firm, owned and managed by our managing directors, rather than part of a larger, diversified financial institution. We primarily focus on advising clients, unlike most of our major competitors who also underwrite and trade securities, make loans and prepare investment research. Our managing directors are directly and extensively involved in building client relationships and structuring and executing our clients' transactions, unlike senior bankers at our major competitors, whose size and breadth require that senior bankers dedicate substantial effort to administrative matters and cross-selling other products of their firms. In addition, we believe our independence, coupled with our multidisciplinary expertise in merger and acquisition transactions undertaken in the restructuring context, affords us opportunities to provide advice on restructuring transactions on which most of our major competitors face potential or actual statutory and other conflicts of interest with their lending, underwriting or securities trading operations, and most of our restructuring advisory competitors are limited by a lack of a broad merger and acquisition advisory capability.
In our efforts to attract and retain clients, we focus on large and mid-size corporations. We have served clients in a wide range of industries, with our most active areas being: Communications & Media; Consumer Goods & Retail; Financial Services; Technology; Energy & Utilities; Lodging & Leisure, and General Industrial. In the period from 1999 through 2003, we earned revenue in excess of $200,000 from 117 different companies. Of those, 40 companies ranked as one of our top ten revenue-generating clients for at least one calendar year during that period.
Because we believe the needs of our clients are global and that international markets have strong potential for growth in transaction activity, we have built upon our initial base in the United States to form client relationships in the United Kingdom and Continental Europe, and to pursue significant clients on an opportunistic basis in Latin America and other parts of the world. For the period from 1999 through 2003, 53.2% of our advisory revenue came from clients headquartered
40
outside of the United States. In 2003, 52.2% of our advisory revenue came from non-U.S. clients. Approximately 41% of our employees were based in our London and Frankfurt offices as of December 31, 2003.
Greenhill is managed by its owners. Simultaneously with this offering, we will make equity-based awards to substantially all of our non-managing director employees. Following this offering, our managing directors and their affiliated entities will own approximately 83.3% of Greenhill. We are committed to a distinctive culture characterized by excellence in client service, collegiality in the way we work as a team to serve our clients and meritocracy in the way we recruit and reward our staff.
Immediately prior to the closing of this offering, Greenhill & Co., Inc. will succeed to the business of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC. In connection with the consummation of this offering, we will complete a number of transactions culminating in the merger of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC into Greenhill & Co., Inc. See "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Incorporation Transactions" for additional information concerning these transactions.
Industry Trends
Although we recognize that favorable macroeconomic and market environments will be subject to periodic reversals, which may significantly and adversely affect our businesses, we believe that significant growth and profit opportunities exist for firms like ours in the United States and abroad. These opportunities derive from several long-term trends, including the following:
• | Globalization. Heightened global competition has created a need for cross-border capabilities and economies of scale, resulting in increased joint venture and merger and acquisition activity; |
• | Focus on Shareholder Value. Increasing focus on shareholder value has fueled an increase in M&A, restructuring and strategic initiatives, thereby yielding additional financial advisory opportunities; and |
• | Consolidation. Moderate growth, limited pricing flexibility and the need for economies of scale have substantially increased consolidation opportunities in certain industries, and high levels of profit and strong stock market valuations have provided companies with the resources to pursue strategic combinations, thereby creating substantial demand for mergers and acquisitions advisory services. |
Why We Are Going Public
We have decided to become a public company for five principal reasons:
• | To enhance our profile and recognition as an investment bank; |
• | To expand our financial advisory business, including through the ability to create equity-based compensation plans to attract and retain talented people; |
• | To expand our merchant banking fund management activities, including through the creation of new funds in which we would expect to invest collectively as a firm as well as individually as managing directors of Greenhill; |
• | To extend equity ownership to substantially all of our employees; and |
• | To permit the realization over time of equity value by our principal owners without necessitating the sale of our business. |
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Competitive Strengths
Independence
We are an independent firm owned and managed by our managing directors, rather than part of a larger, diversified financial institution. Such institutions can develop conflicts with their corporate investment banking clients due to the large number of customers they service and the broad range of products and services they offer. We believe that awareness of these potential conflicts has been heightened by recent financial scandals in the United States and abroad and that such awareness has resulted in an increase in the demand for advice from independent financial advisors like Greenhill on large, complex merger, acquisition and restructuring transactions.
Focus on Advisory Activities
We are focused on advising clients, particularly large and mid-size corporations, rather than on a broad range of securities businesses. We believe this focus has helped and will continue to help us attract clients and recruit financial advisory professionals who want to work in enterprises where their activities are the central focus. We believe that this focus has also enabled our managing directors and other employees to be highly productive as our revenue per employee was $1.2 million in each of the years 2003, 2002 and 2001.
Breadth of Advisory Capabilities
Our origin was as an advisor on mergers and acquisitions, an area in which we have established a prominent advisory practice. In addition, we have developed considerable experience and capabilities in financial restructuring situations. The leading merger and acquisition advisory firms may be significantly constrained in their restructuring advisory activities due to actual and apparent conflicts of interest arising from their large lending, debt underwriting and trading activities. At the same time, we believe that many firms that specialize in restructuring advisory work do not have a strong reputation for advice on mergers and acquisitions, and in some cases lack specialized industry experience. Greenhill offers a full range of merger, acquisition and restructuring advisory services, with each project team staffed with professionals from the relevant advisory disciplines, industry backgrounds and geographic locations.
International Capabilities
Unlike many small investment banking firms, we have aggressively sought to develop a broad geographic scope rather than focusing on any one particular market. From 1999 through 2003, 53.2% of our advisory revenues were derived from clients based outside the United States, primarily from the United Kingdom and, to a lesser extent, continental Europe, Latin America and Canada. While many larger investment banking firms have greater presences in more international markets, we believe our small size and collegiality allow us to work as a team on cross-border transactions better than many of our larger competitors.
Experience
Our 22 managing directors have an average of 22 years of relevant experience. Prior to joining Greenhill, 17 of those individuals were managing directors at other leading financial advisory firms or occupied comparably senior roles in leading private equity firms, law firms or corporations. The remainder were recruited from other leading financial advisory firms and later promoted from within. See "Management". Our relatively small size, our narrow focus and our relatively low ratio of employees to managing directors both allow and require our managing directors to direct the great majority of their efforts toward client advisory and merchant banking fund management activities, rather than the administrative, managerial and cross-selling tasks that occupy a large portion of many managing directors' time at larger, diversified financial institutions.
Strong Corporate Culture
While Greenhill is relatively young, we have developed a strong corporate culture. We are united by our desire to build a firm where client advisory activities are at the core, and by our commitment
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to excellence in those activities. We have a disciplined approach to expansion, which we have achieved through organic growth combined with the careful addition of selected individuals. Most of our managing directors spent the bulk of their careers prior to joining Greenhill at a leading firm. Only one managing director has departed in more than seven years, and 10 of the 22 current managing directors have more than five years of tenure at Greenhill. We believe individuals are attracted to Greenhill by our focused strategy and our concentration on high margin businesses.
Strategy
By building on what we perceive as our competitive strengths, our strategy is principally to (i) enhance our position as an independent alternative to large, diversified financial institutions for advice on important merger, acquisition and restructuring transactions, (ii) grow our financial advisory business, including by continuing to recruit managing directors and other professionals and (iii) expand our merchant banking fund management business by leveraging our existing relationships and infrastructure to create additional funds and increasing our investments as a principal in such funds. We aim to maintain a balance of activities across geographic regions and to increase the stability of our earnings. Our strategy is heavily dependent on our ability to recruit additional managing directors and other senior professionals. We believe that this offering will allow us to create equity-based compensation plans to attract and retain talented professionals. In addition, we believe that this offering will enhance our profile and recognition as an investment bank, which we expect will aid our recruiting and business development efforts. See "Risk Factors—Our Conversion to Corporate Form May Adversely Affect Our Ability to Recruit, Retain and Motivate Key Employees" for a discussion of various factors that could negatively impact our ability to recruit successfully.
Expanding the Depth and Breadth of Our Advisory Business
To meet what we believe will be a continuing rebound in demand for advice on mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar transactions, as well as increased opportunities for independent financial advisors in such situations, we seek to recruit additional senior investment banking professionals, typically from competitor investment banks, with important relationships in industries where we either are currently under-represented or perceive strong potential growth in transaction activity. To support this expansion in our client base, we continue to seek to recruit high caliber young professionals from the most competitive universities, top graduate business schools and other leading investment banks.
Expanding the Size of Our Merchant Banking Fund Management Activities
To expand our merchant banking revenue, we seek to (i) increase the size of merchant banking funds under management by Greenhill; (ii) consider developing additional types of funds, or similar funds with different geographic focuses, to be managed by Greenhill, as those opportunities arise; and (iii) make additional principal commitments as controlling member of the general partner of our funds, while continuing to require managing directors and other senior professionals of Greenhill to invest certain minimum amounts of personal capital in our funds, both to enhance the funds' appeal, and to align the interests of the managing directors and senior professionals with those of Greenhill. We expect to use a portion of the proceeds of this offering to fund the commitments we make as controlling member of the general partner of our merchant banking funds. We believe that by making significant investments in the merchant banking funds that we manage, our ability to attract outside investors will be strengthened because of our demonstrated financial commitment to the funds and the alignment of our interests with those of our limited partners from a risk management perspective.
Maintaining a Balance of Activities Across Geographic Regions
Because the financial advisory needs of our clients are global in nature, and because we see significant potential for growth in transaction advisory activity outside the United States, we continue to seek to expand our advisory activities outside the United States by recruiting additional managing directors and other professionals for our offices in London and Frankfurt. We also intend to seek, when appropriate, to develop our merchant banking activities outside the United States.
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Increasing the Stability of Our Earnings
While our primary objective continues to be long term profit growth and shareholder value creation, we seek to gradually make our earnings more stable by: (i) increasing our client base and advisory activities by adding additional senior professionals with important client relationships; (ii) seeking further diversity of advisory fees by client, industry and geography; and (iii) adding new sources of revenue by conducting more of our merchant banking activities collectively as a firm as well as individually as managing directors of Greenhill. By focusing on these objectives, we believe the quarterly volatility of our earnings will gradually decline, although it is likely to remain substantial for the foreseeable future.
Principal Sources of Revenue
Our two principal sources of revenue are financial advisory and merchant banking fund management.
Financial Advisory
We provide a broad range of advice to U.S. and non-U.S. clients in relation to mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters and are involved at each stage of these transactions, from initial structuring to final execution. Our focus is on providing high-quality advice to senior executive management and boards of directors of prominent large and mid-cap companies in transactions that typically are of the highest strategic and financial importance to those companies. Non-U.S. clients are a significant part of our business, generating 52.2% and 38.8% of our total revenues in 2003 and 2002, respectively.
We advise companies in a number of different situations, each of which entails the provision of a different package of services. When we advise companies in the potential acquisition of another company or certain assets, our services may include, depending on the situation:
• | evaluating potential acquisition targets; |
• | providing valuation analyses; |
• | evaluating and recommending financial and strategic alternatives; |
• | advising as to the timing, structure and pricing of a proposed acquisition; |
• | assisting in negotiating and consummating an acquisition; |
• | analyzing and advising on potential financing for the transaction; |
• | assisting in implementing an acquisition such as by acting as a dealer-manager if structured as a tender or exchange offer; and |
• | rendering, if appropriate, a fairness opinion. |
When we advise clients that are contemplating the sale of certain businesses, assets or their entire company, our services may include, depending on the situation:
• | evaluating and recommending financial and strategic alternatives with respect to a sale; |
• | advising on the appropriate sales process for the situation; |
• | assisting in preparing an offering memorandum or other appropriate sales materials; |
• | identifying and contacting selected qualified acquirors; |
• | advising as to the timing, structure and pricing of a proposed sale; |
• | assisting in negotiating and consummating a proposed sale; and |
• | rendering, if appropriate, a fairness opinion. |
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For companies in financial distress, our services may include, depending on the situation:
• | reviewing and analyzing the business, operations, properties, financial condition and prospects of the company; |
• | evaluating debt capacity; |
• | assisting in the determination of an appropriate capital structure; |
• | valuation analyses; |
• | evaluating and recommending financial and strategic alternatives; |
• | if appropriate, providing financial advice and assistance in developing and seeking approval of a restructuring or reorganization plan, which may include a plan under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code or other similar court administered process in non-U.S. jurisdictions; |
• | assisting in all aspects of the implementation of a such a plan, including coordinating with counsel; |
• | advising and assisting in structuring and effecting the financial aspects of a sale or recapitalization; |
• | structuring any new securities, exchange offers, other consideration or other inducements to be offered and/or issued under a reorganization plan or out-of-court restructuring; and |
• | assisting and participating in negotiations with entities or groups affected by a reorganization plan. |
We operate in a highly competitive environment where there are no long-term contracted sources of revenue. Each revenue-generating engagement is separately awarded and negotiated. Our list of clients, and our list of clients with whom there is an active revenue-generating engagement, changes continually. To develop new client relationships, and to develop new engagements from historic client relationships, we maintain a business dialog with a large number of clients and potential clients, as well as with their financial and legal advisors, on an ongoing basis. We have gained a significant number of new clients each year through our business development initiatives, through recruiting additional senior investment banking professionals who bring with them client relationships and through referrals from directors, attorneys and other parties with whom we have relationships. At the same time, we lose clients each year as a result of the sale or merger of a client, a change in a client's senior management, competition from other investment banks and other causes.
We staff our assignments with a team of professionals with appropriate product and/or industry expertise. Our managing directors have an average of 22 years of relevant experience, and many of them are able to use this experience to advise on both mergers and acquisitions and restructuring transactions, depending on our clients' needs. Our other professionals come from leading investment banking and educational institutions. We spend significant amounts of time training and mentoring our junior professionals. We generally provide our junior professionals with exposure to mergers and acquisitions, restructurings and merchant banking fund management to varying degrees, which provides us with the flexibility to allocate resources depending on the economic environment, and provides our bankers consistent transactional experience and a wide variety of experiences to assist in the development of business and financial judgment.
Merchant Banking Fund Management
Our merchant banking fund management activities currently consist primarily of management of and investment in Greenhill Capital Partners, a family of merchant banking funds that invest in portfolio companies. Merchant banking funds are private investment funds raised from contributions by qualified institutional investors and financially sophisticated individuals. The funds make substantial, sometimes controlling, investments, generally in non-public companies and typically with
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a view toward divesting within 3 to 5 years. We pursue merchant banking fund management activities in addition to our financial advisory activities because: (i) our senior advisory professionals, and those we seek to recruit, are attracted by the opportunity to participate in merchant banking fund management, including the ability to invest in managed funds; and (ii) it allows us to further leverage our managing directors' industry knowledge and client contacts. We believe we can pursue merchant banking opportunities without creating conflicts with our advisory clients by typically focusing on significantly smaller companies than those with respect to which we seek to provide financial advice. Our merchant banking funds typically invest in companies with valuations that are less than $200 million at the time of investment.
The Chairman of Greenhill Capital Partners is Robert H. Niehaus. Mr. Niehaus was previously a founding member and later Chief Operating Officer of the Merchant Banking Department of Morgan Stanley. Its investment committee also includes Scott L. Bok, Simon A. Borrows, Robert F. Greenhill and V. Frank Pottow. We, together with our managing directors, manage Greenhill Capital Partners through separate general partners. See "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Relationship with Greenhill Capital Partners' Funds".
In June 2000, Greenhill Capital Partners raised its first fund with $424 million of commitments by investors, of which $85 million was committed by our members and other professionals and $339 million was from outside investors. As of December 31, 2003, Greenhill Capital Partners had invested $220 million of the $424 million of committed capital. In January 2004, Greenhill Capital Partners invested an additional $16.6 million in a new investment. After investment capital is raised, funds are invested over time as and when opportunities arise. In the ordinary course, several years may elapse between the time capital is raised and gains or losses are realized. In the interim, the investments in the funds are adjusted to fair market value at the end of each quarter, which adjustments are reflected in our quarterly results. Greenhill is restricted from participating in the management of a new fund with similar investment objectives until the commitments to the existing funds are terminated.
Over 80% of the invested capital of Greenhill Capital Partners relates to investments in three industries: energy, financial services and telecommunications infrastructure. The chart below summarizes the investment portfolio of Greenhill Capital Partners as of December 31, 2003, separately detailing all investments which have constituted greater than 5% of total committed capital:
Investment Date | Industry |
Total
Capital Invested |
Capital
Returned As of December 31, 2003(a) |
Book Value
As of December 31, 2003(b) |
||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Global Signal Inc.(c) | November 2002 |
Telecommunications
Towers |
$ | 45,789 | $ | 4,875 | $ | 40,914 | ||||||||||||||
Heartland Payment Systems, Inc. | October 2001 | Credit Card Processing | 26,156 | — | 40,000 | |||||||||||||||||
Republic Group of Insurance Companies | August 2003 | Insurance | 47,475 | 8,223 | 39,252 | |||||||||||||||||
All Other Investments(d)(e) | n/a | n/a | 100,163 | 5,711 | 69,205 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Investment
by
Greenhill Capital Partners |
$ | 219,583 | $ | 18,809 | $ | 189,371 | (f) | |||||||||||||||
(a) | Reflects proceeds from asset sales, refinancings, dividends, loan repayments and interest payments. |
(b) | Represents fair value of investments, as determined in accordance with Greenhill Capital Partners' standard valuation policies. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates". |
(c) | In February 2004, as a result of a refinancing of Global Signal, Greenhill Capital Partners received an additional $31.8 million from Global Signal, of which $30.5 million was a return of capital and $1.3 million was dividends. This, in turn, reduced the carrying book value of that investment. In February 2004, Global Signal filed a registration statement for |
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aninitial public offering of common stock with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The completion of such an offering could have a material effect on the book value of our investment in Global Signal but might not initially generate cash for Greenhill Capital Partners. |
(d) | In January 2004, Greenhill Capital Partners invested $16.6 million in a subsequent investment. |
(e) | In January 2004, we received an additional $13.2 million from an investment of which $10.1 million was return of capital and $3.1 million was investment gains. In February 2004, the cash received from this investment and the Global Signal investment was distributed to our investors. |
(f) | Greenhill's share of the book value of Greenhill Capital Partners' investments as of December 31, 2003 was approximately $6.0 million. |
Our merchant banking activities historically have generated revenue from fees earned for our management of Greenhill Capital Partners, which are calculated as a percentage of funds under management. Beginning in 2004, we expect that merchant banking will also generate modest revenues from our small portion of the override of the profits earned on pre-2004 investments managed on behalf of outside investors, and gains on investments of our capital in merchant banking funds and other principal activities. While we do not intend to participate as a limited partner in any future funds, we expect to make certain principal investments in connection with our role as the controlling member of the general partner of the funds. Any losses on a fund's investments will offset any gains in that fund and reduce our merchant banking revenues accordingly. For a discussion of our participation in profit overrides with respect to the funds we manage, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations-Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other Revenues". Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other Revenues represented 4.2% of 2003 total revenues and 4.6% of 2002 total revenues.
Prior to 2003, commitments to Greenhill Capital Partners were made by individual members and other professionals of Greenhill in their personal capacity rather than by Greenhill itself, and Greenhill had nominal capital committed to such funds. In late 2003, Greenhill purchased, for $6.7 million, limited partner interests in Greenhill Capital Partners relating to underlying investments with original invested capital of $7.2 million from outside investors. We also assumed from the same outside investors $3.9 million of related commitments to make future investments in Greenhill Capital Partners. In early 2004, we similarly purchased from an outside investor for $2.3 million an additional limited partner interest in Greenhill Capital Partners relating to underlying investments with original invested capital of $2.6 million and we assumed from the same outside investor $1.4 million of related commitments to make future investments in Greenhill Capital Partners. In addition, on January 1, 2004, we assumed from our members $15 million of their individual commitments to make future investments in Greenhill Capital Partners. As a result of the foregoing transactions, as of March 31, 2004, we had made a total of $9.1 million of principal investments in, and had $20.3 million of commitments to, Greenhill Capital Partners.
We expect to invest a portion of the proceeds of this offering in future funds raised by Greenhill Capital Partners in connection with our role as the controlling member of the general partner of those funds. We would expect any such investment to be on a basis that bore no management fees or profit override. In addition, certain of our managing directors and other professionals intend to invest in the next fund raised by Greenhill Capital Partners. Any such investment would, up to an amount per managing director to be determined, bear management fees and a profit override on the same basis as investments by outside investors. Investments above such amount would bear full management fees, but only one-half the level of profit override borne by outside investors. The terms and conditions of future investments have not been finalized, however.
In addition to our merchant banking activities in connection with Greenhill Capital Partners, we have invested in and maintain an ongoing relationship with Barrow Street Capital, LLC, a limited liability company that manages two real estate merchant banking funds. For a further discussion of our relationship with Barrow Street Capital, see "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Relationship with Barrow Street Capital".
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People
We believe that one of the strengths and principal reasons for our success is the quality and dedication of our people. Prior to joining Greenhill, 17 of our managing directors were either managing directors at other leading financial advisory or private equity firms (including Baring Brothers (2), Credit Suisse First Boston (2), Goldman Sachs (2), Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin (1), Merrill Lynch (1) and Morgan Stanley (5)) or occupied comparably senior roles in a leading private equity firm, law firm or corporations. See "Management", which contains biographical information about all of our managing directors. The remainder were recruited from other leading financial advisory firms and promoted internally. Similarly, we have recruited junior professionals from the most competitive universities, top graduate business schools and other investment banking and private equity firms.
As of December 31, 2003, Greenhill employed a total of 107 people (including our managing directors), of which 44 were based in our London or Frankfurt offices. We strive to maintain a work environment that fosters professionalism, excellence, diversity, and cooperation among our employees worldwide. We utilize a comprehensive evaluation process at the end of each year to measure performance, determine compensation and provide guidance on opportunities for improved performance.
Competition
The financial services industry is intensely competitive, and we expect it to remain so. Our competitors are other investment banking firms, merchant banks and financial advisory firms. We compete with some of our competitors globally and with some others on a regional, product or niche basis. We compete on the basis of a number of factors, including transaction execution skills, our range of products and services, innovation, reputation and price.
We believe our primary competitors in securing mergers and acquisitions and restructuring advisory engagements are Citigroup, Credit Suisse First Boston, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, UBS Investment Bank and other bulge bracket firms as well as investment banking firms such as Blackstone Group, Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin and Lazard.
As we expand our merchant banking business, we face competition both in the pursuit of outside investors for our merchant banking funds and to acquire investments in attractive portfolio companies.
Competition is also intense for the attraction and retention of qualified employees. Our ability to continue to compete effectively in our businesses will depend upon our ability to attract new employees and retain and motivate our existing employees.
In recent years there has been substantial consolidation and convergence among companies in the financial services industry. In particular, a number of large commercial banks, insurance companies and other broad-based financial services firms have established or acquired broker-dealers or have merged with other financial institutions. Many of these firms have the ability to offer a wider range of products, from loans, deposit-taking and insurance to brokerage, asset management and investment banking services, which may enhance their competitive position. They also have the ability to support investment banking and securities products with commercial banking, insurance and other financial services revenues in an effort to gain market share, which could result in pricing pressure in our businesses. This trend toward consolidation and convergence has significantly increased the capital base and geographic reach of our competitors.
Regulation
Our business, as well as the financial services industry generally, is subject to extensive regulation in the United States and elsewhere. As a matter of public policy, regulatory bodies in the United States and the rest of the world are charged with safeguarding the integrity of the securities
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and other financial markets and with protecting the interests of customers participating in those markets, not with protecting the interests of our shareholders or creditors. In the United States, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the federal securities laws. Greenhill & Co., LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Greenhill through which we conduct our U.S. financial advisory business, is registered as a broker-dealer with the SEC and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., or the NASD, and as a broker-dealer in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Greenhill & Co., LLC is subject to regulation and oversight by the SEC. In addition, the NASD, a self-regulatory organization that is subject to oversight by the SEC, adopts and enforces rules governing the conduct, and examines the activities, of its member firms, including Greenhill & Co., LLC. State securities regulators also have regulatory or oversight authority over Greenhill & Co., LLC. Similarly, Greenhill & Co. International LLP, our controlled affiliated U.K. partnership, through which we conduct our international financial advisory business, is also subject to regulation by the Financial Services Authority in the United Kingdom. Our business may also be subject to regulation by non-U.S. governmental and regulatory bodies and self-regulatory authorities in other countries where Greenhill operates.
Broker-dealers are subject to regulations that cover all aspects of the securities business, including sales methods, trade practices among broker-dealers, use and safekeeping of customers' funds and securities, capital structure, record-keeping, the financing of customers' purchases and the conduct and qualifications of directors, officers and employees. Additional legislation, changes in rules promulgated by self-regulatory organizations or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules, either in the United States or elsewhere, may directly affect the mode of operation and profitability of Greenhill.
The U.S. and non-U.S. government agencies and self-regulatory organizations, as well as state securities commissions in the United States, are empowered to conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders or the suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer or its directors, officers or employees.
In 2003, we and several of our managing directors were investigated by the NASD, for failure to comply with certain continuing education requirements imposed on all registered broker-dealers and their licensed financial professionals. This investigation was resolved in January 2004 when we and two managing directors were censured and separately paid fines to the NASD of between $3,000 and $30,000. All of our managing directors are now in compliance with the NASD's continuing education requirements.
Legal Proceedings
We have not historically been involved in material legal proceedings.
As we grow our business, we may in the future become involved in litigation in the ordinary course of our business, including litigation material to our business; however, we are not aware of any material legal proceedings currently pending or threatened against us.
Properties
We occupy three offices, all of which are leased. Our headquarters are located at 300 Park Avenue, New York, New York, and comprise approximately 50,000 square feet of leased space, pursuant to lease agreements expiring in 2010 (with options to renew for five years). In London, we lease approximately 8,250 square feet at 56-58 Conduit Street pursuant to a lease agreement expiring in 2013. Our Frankfurt office is located at Neue Mainzer Strasse 52 and consists of approximately 6,000 square feet of leased space, pursuant to a lease agreement expiring in 2009. We do not anticipate a need for additional office space in the near term.
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MANAGEMENT
Directors and Executive Officers
Set forth below is information concerning our directors and executive officers. We expect to appoint additional directors over time who are not employees of Greenhill or otherwise affiliated with management.
Name | Age | Position | ||||||||
Robert F. Greenhill | 67 | Director, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
Scott L. Bok | 44 | Director and Co-President | ||||||||
Simon A. Borrows | 45 | Director and Co-President | ||||||||
Robert H. Niehaus | 48 | Chairman, Greenhill Capital Partners | ||||||||
John D. Liu | 36 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr | 48 | Managing Director—Finance, Regulation & Operations and Chief Compliance Officer | ||||||||
Executive officers are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of our board of directors. A brief biography of each director and executive officer follows.
Robert F. Greenhill , our founder, has served as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since the time of our founding in 1996. Mr. Greenhill has been a member of our Management Committee since its formation in January 2004. In addition, Mr. Greenhill has been a director of Greenhill & Co., Inc. since its incorporation in March 2004 and expects to stand for re-election as a director at our next annual meeting of stockholders. Prior to founding and becoming Chairman of Greenhill, Mr. Greenhill was chairman and chief executive officer of Smith Barney Inc. and a member of the board of directors of the predecessor to the present Travelers Corporation (the parent of Smith Barney) from June 1993 to January 1996. From January 1991 to June 1993, Mr. Greenhill was president of, and from January 1989 to January 1991, Mr. Greenhill was a vice chairman of, Morgan Stanley Group, Inc. Mr. Greenhill joined Morgan Stanley in 1962 and became a partner in 1970. In 1972, Mr. Greenhill directed Morgan Stanley's newly-formed mergers and acquisitions department. In 1980, Mr. Greenhill was named director of Morgan Stanley's investment banking division, with responsibility for domestic and international corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions, merchant banking, capital markets services and real estate. Also in 1980, Mr. Greenhill became a member of Morgan Stanley's management committee.
Scott L. Bok has served as our Co-President since January 2004 and as a member of our Management Committee since its formation in January 2004. In addition, Mr. Bok has been a director of Greenhill & Co., Inc. since its incorporation in March 2004 and expects to stand for re-election as a director at our next annual meeting of stockholders. From 2001 until the formation of our Management Committee, Mr. Bok participated on the two-person administrative committee responsible for managing Greenhill's operations. Mr. Bok has also served as a Senior Member of Greenhill Capital Partners since its formation. Mr. Bok joined Greenhill as a Managing Director in February 1997. Before joining Greenhill, Mr. Bok was a managing director in the mergers, acquisitions and restructuring department of Morgan Stanley & Co., where he worked from 1986 to 1997, based in New York and London. From 1984 to 1986, Mr. Bok practiced mergers and acquisitions and securities law in New York with Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz. Mr. Bok is a member of the board of directors of various private companies.
Simon A. Borrows has served as our Co-President since January 2004 and as a member of our Management Committee since its formation in January 2004. In addition, Mr. Borrows has been a director of Greenhill & Co., Inc. since its incorporation in March 2004 and expects to stand for re-election as a director at our next annual meeting of stockholders. From 2001 until the formation of our Management Committee, Mr. Borrows participated on the two-person administrative committee responsible for managing Greenhill's operations. Mr. Borrows joined Greenhill as a Managing Director in June 1998. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Borrows was the managing director of Baring Brothers International Limited (the corporate finance division of ING Barings), a position Mr. Borrows had held since 1995. Mr. Borrows was a director of Baring Brothers from 1989 to 1998. Prior to joining Baring Brothers in 1988, Mr. Borrows worked in the corporate finance department of Morgan Grenfell.
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Robert H. Niehaus has served as the Chairman of Greenhill Capital Partners and as a Senior Member of Greenhill Capital Partners since June 2000. Mr. Niehaus has been a member of our Management Committee since its formation in January 2004. Mr. Niehaus joined Greenhill in January 2000 as a Managing Director to begin the formation of Greenhill Capital Partners. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Niehaus spent 17 years at Morgan Stanley & Co., where he was a managing director in the merchant banking department from 1990 to 1999. Mr. Niehaus was vice chairman and a director of the Morgan Stanley Leveraged Equity Fund II, L.P., a $2.2 billion private equity investment fund, from 1992 to 1999, and was vice chairman and a director of Morgan Stanley Capital Partners III, L.P., a $1.8 billion private equity investment fund, from 1994 to 1999. Mr. Niehaus was also the chief operating officer of Morgan Stanley's merchant banking department from 1996 to 1998. Mr. Niehaus is a director of American Italian Pasta Company, Waterford Wedgewood plc, Global Signal Inc., Exco Resources, Inc. and various private companies.
John D. Liu became Chief Financial Officer and a Managing Director of Greenhill in January 2004. Mr. Liu joined Greenhill in May 1996 as an Associate. Mr. Liu was promoted to Vice President in January 2000 and to Principal in January 2002. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Liu was an associate at Wolfensohn & Co., a mergers & acquisitions firm, from 1995 to 1996. Mr. Liu was an analyst in investment banking at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette from 1990 to 1992. Mr. Liu is a member of the board of directors of a private company.
Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. has served as our Managing Director—Finance, Regulation and Operations and as our Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary since January 2004. From November 2000 through December 2003, Mr. Rodriguez was Chief Financial Officer of Greenhill. Mr. Rodriguez has been with Greenhill since June 2000. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Rodriguez was Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer of MVL Group, Inc. from January 2000 to May 2000. Prior to that, Mr. Rodriguez was Vice President - Finance and Controller of Silgan Holdings, Inc., a major consumer packaging goods manufacturer, from 1987 to 2000. From 1978 to 1987, Mr. Rodriguez worked with Ernst & Young, where he was a senior manager specializing in taxation.
There are no family relationships among any of our directors and executive officers. There are no contractual obligations regarding election of our directors.
The Management Committee
In January 2004, the Management Committee was constituted as Greenhill's senior operating committee. Senior management consults with the Management Committee, which is chaired by Mr. Greenhill, regarding the strategy and management of our business. In addition to Messrs. Greenhill, Bok, Borrows and Niehaus, the members of the Management Committee are Timothy M. George, Michael A. Kramer, James R.C. Lupton and Colin T. Roy. See "Key Employees" for biographical information relating to Messrs. George, Kramer, Lupton and Roy.
Board Composition
Prior to our conversion to corporate form, we did not have a board of directors and our business was managed by our senior managing directors. Upon the consummation of this offering, our board will consist of four members, who are Messrs. Robert F. Greenhill, Scott L. Bok, Simon A. Borrows and an independent director to be named prior to the completion of this offering. During the year following this offering, we expect to appoint three additional directors who will meet the independence standards established by the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Stock Exchange. Following such appointments, we will have a seven-member board, the majority of whose members are independent.
Director Compensation
Our policy is not to pay compensation to directors who are also employees of Greenhill. We anticipate that outside directors will enter into compensation arrangements to be determined.
Board Committees
Our board of directors has the authority to appoint committees to perform certain management and administrative functions. Our board of directors will have an audit committee, a compensation
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committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee, and may from time to time establish other committees to facilitate the management of Greenhill.
Audit Committee
At the time of the consummation of this offering, the Audit Committee will be comprised of Scott L. Bok, Simon A. Borrows and an independent director to be named prior to the completion of this offering. We intend to appoint additional independent directors to our board of directors and the Audit Committee in compliance with the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Stock Exchange. Messrs. Bok and Borrows will be replaced on the Audit Committee by two of the additional independent directors. The Audit Committee will review and report to the board of directors on the internal accounting and financial controls for Greenhill and on the accounting principles and auditing practices and procedures to be employed in preparation and review of the financial statements of Greenhill. The Audit Committee will also be responsible for the engagement and oversight of independent public auditors, the scope of the audit to be undertaken by such auditors and the pre-approval of any audit and permitted non-audit services provided by such auditors.
Compensation Committee
At the time of the consummation of this offering, the Compensation Committee will be comprised of Scott L. Bok, Simon A. Borrows and an independent director to be named prior to the completion of this offering. We intend to appoint additional independent directors to our board of directors and the Compensation Committee in compliance with the applicable rules of the New York Stock Exchange. Messrs. Bok and Borrows will be replaced on the Compensation Committee by two of the additional independent directors. The Compensation Committee will review and, as it deems appropriate, recommend to the board of directors policies, practices and procedures relating to the compensation of the officers and other managerial employees, including the determination in its discretion of the amount of annual bonuses, if any, for our managing directors and other professionals, and the establishment and administration of employee benefit plans. The Compensation Committee will exercise all authority under Greenhill's employee equity incentive plans and will advise and consult with the officers of Greenhill as may be requested regarding managerial personnel policies.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
At the time of the consummation of this offering, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will be comprised of Scott L. Bok, Simon A. Borrows and an independent director to be named prior to the completion of this offering. We intend to appoint additional independent directors to our board of directors and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee in compliance with the applicable rules of the New York Stock Exchange. Messrs. Bok and Borrows will be replaced on the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee by two of the additional independent directors. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will identify and recommend nominees to our board of directors and oversee compliance with our corporate governance guidelines.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board of directors or compensation committee. The Compensation Committee reviews and approves the compensation and benefits for our executive officers, administers our employee benefit plans and makes recommendations to our board of directors regarding such matters.
Executive Compensation
Prior to this offering, our business was carried on in limited liability company and partnership form. As a result, meaningful individual compensation information for directors and executive officers of Greenhill based on its operation in corporate form is not available for periods prior to this offering.
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The following table sets forth information regarding the compensation paid to Greenhill's Chief Executive Officer and Greenhill's four other most highly compensated executive officers, collectively referred to as the "named executive officers" in this prospectus, during Greenhill's fiscal year ended December 31, 2003.
2003 Compensation Information
Name and Principal Position | Salary | Bonus |
Participation
in Earnings of Grennhill & Co. Holdings, LLC(a)(b) |
|||||||||||
Robert F. Greenhill | $ | 5,000,000 | $ | — | $ | 13,913,561 | ||||||||
2003: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||||||||
(2004: Director, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer) | ||||||||||||||
Scott L. Bok | — | — | 6,636,833 | |||||||||||
2003: Managing Director and Co-Administrative Chairman | ||||||||||||||
(2004: Director and Co-President) | ||||||||||||||
Simon A. Borrows | — | — | 9,168,183 | |||||||||||
2003: Managing Director and Co-Administrative Chairman | ||||||||||||||
(2004: Director and Co-President) | ||||||||||||||
Robert H. Niehaus | — | — | 3,145,713 | |||||||||||
2003: Chairman, Greenhill Capital Partners | ||||||||||||||
(and 2004) | ||||||||||||||
John D. Liu(c) | 120,000 | 922,356 | — | |||||||||||
2003: Principal | ||||||||||||||
(2004: Chief Financial Officer and Managing Director) | ||||||||||||||
(a) | Represents each named executive officer's direct or indirect allocable share of the income of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC. |
(b) | In addition to the cash compensation received from Greenhill set forth in the preceding table, the named executive officers are entitled to receive a portion of the profit overrides on investments made by Greenhill Capital Partners that are allocable to outside investors (see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition—Results of Operations—Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other Revenues"). With respect to such investments by Greenhill Capital Partners in 2003, the named executive officers received rights to the following percentages of profits, if any, generated on such investments, subject to achievement of a minimum investment return hurdle for such outside investors: Robert F. Greenhill, 2.7%; Scott L. Bok, 2.25% on one investment and 2.5% on all others; Simon A. Borrows, 0.9%; Robert H. Niehaus, 5.0%; and John D. Liu, 0.0419%. In 2003, Greenhill Capital Partners invested $77.3 million, of which $61.8 million was on behalf of outside investors. |
(c) | Mr. Liu also received a profit-sharing contribution of $7,644 and a matching contribution of $1,000 from Greenhill to his 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan. |
Aggregate compensation paid to key employees who are not named executive officers may exceed that paid to the named executive officers.
Key Employees
Robert F. Greenhill, Scott L. Bok, Simon A. Borrows, Robert H. Niehaus, John D. Liu and Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. are all key employees of Greenhill. See "Management" for biographical information relating to each of these managing directors. The following individuals, who are other managing directors, are also key employees of Greenhill:
Harvey R. Miller , 71, joined Greenhill in September 2002 as a Managing Director. Effective January 1, 2004, Mr. Miller was elected Vice Chairman of Greenhill. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr.
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Miller was a senior partner of Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP, where he had been the head of its business finance and restructuring department for the previous 31 years and a member of its management committee for 27 years. Mr. Miller was actively involved in substantially all of the major restructuring and bankruptcy reorganization cases since he started the department at Weil.
Lord James Blyth of Rowington , 63, joined Greenhill in January 2000 and served as a Senior Advisor through October 2002, at which time he became a Managing Director. Effective January 1, 2004, Lord Blyth was elected Vice Chairman of Greenhill. Lord Blyth currently serves as Chairman of Diageo plc., a position he has held since June 2000. Diageo has been a client of Greenhill since 1998, before Lord Blyth joined either Greenhill or Diageo. With respect to advisory work performed by Greenhill for Diageo since the time Lord Blyth became Chairman of Diageo, Lord Blyth has not participated in the selection of Greenhill or advised Greenhill in connection with obtaining or executing such advisory work. Prior to joining Diageo, Lord Blyth worked at The Boots Co., where he served initially as Chief Executive Officer and later as Chairman. Lord Blyth has held various other senior positions, including Chief Executive of The Plessey Company PLC and Head of Defense Sales at the United Kingdom Ministry of Defense.
Jeffrey F. Buckalew , 37, has been with Greenhill since June 1996 and has been a Managing Director since January 2002. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Buckalew was an associate for three years in the financial institutions group at Salomon Brothers. Mr. Buckalew also spent two years with Chemical Bank's leveraged finance group.
Brian J. Cassin , 36, has been with Greenhill since July 1998 and has been a Managing Director since January 2002. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Cassin worked for six years with Baring Brothers International in London and New York. Mr. Cassin's other experience includes four years with the London Stock Exchange.
Timothy M. Dwyer , 42, joined Greenhill as a Managing Director in January 2002. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Dwyer was a Managing Director at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette and then at Credit Suisse First Boston after its acquisition of DLJ. While at these two firms, Mr. Dwyer advised insurance institutions throughout North America and Europe on mergers and acquisitions. Mr. Dwyer's prior experience includes advisory work in the financial institutions group at Salomon Brothers Inc.
Timothy M. George , 51, joined Greenhill as a Managing Director in February 1997 and has been a member of our Management Committee since its formation in January 2004. Before joining Greenhill, Mr. George was a Managing Director at Morgan Stanley, where he was head of the global food, beverage and consumer products group, which he co-founded in 1989. Prior to that, Mr. George was the Assistant Treasurer of J.P. Morgan & Co. and a Vice President of Goldman Sachs.
Michael A. Kramer , 35, joined Greenhill as a Managing Director in January 2001 and has been a member of our Management Committee since its formation in January 2004. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Kramer was co-head of the Eastern Region of Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin, where he ran the financial restructuring and corporate finance businesses. Mr. Kramer was also actively involved in the founding and development of Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin's merchant banking business.
Peter C. Krause , 55, joined Greenhill as Founding Member and Managing Director in 1996. Mr. Krause is the Chairman and Co-Founder of Barrow Street Real Estate Funds. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Krause was a Managing Director at Morgan Stanley, where he was a member of the Investment Committee of Morgan Stanley's real estate funds. Before joining Morgan Stanley, Mr. Krause practiced real estate law at Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton.
James R. C. Lupton , 48, joined Greenhill as a Managing Director in May 1998 and has been a member of our Management Committee since its formation in January 2004. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Lupton was Deputy Chairman of Baring Brothers International Limited. During a 17-year career with Baring Brothers, Mr. Lupton served in senior roles advising on mergers and acquisitions. Prior to joining Baring Brothers, Mr. Lupton worked at S.G. Warburg and qualified as a solicitor with Lovell, White & King.
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Gregory R. Miller , 38, joined Greenhill as a Manager Director in March 2004. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Miller was a Managing Director at Credit Suisse First Boston, where he worked for 14 years. Mr. Miller's experience has been primarily in the media industry, where he focused in particular on companies involved in publishing and information services.
Richard Morse , 45, joined Greenhill as a Managing Director in October 2002. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Morse was head of the European energy and power investment banking team at Goldman Sachs. Mr. Morse has more than 20 years of investment banking experience at Goldman Sachs and Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein in a variety of senior roles. Between 1999 and 2001, Mr. Morse served as Deputy Director General of the Office of Gas & Electricity Markets, the British energy regulator.
V. Frank Pottow, 40 , joined Greenhill as a Managing Director and managing member of Greenhill Capital Partners in July 2002. Mr. Pottow has more than 16 years of experience initiating, structuring and executing private equity investments, with particular investment expertise with energy companies. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Pottow was a Managing Director at SG Capital Partners and Thayer Capital Partners, and a Principal at Odyssey Partners. Prior to that, Mr. Pottow was a member of the merchant banking group of Morgan Stanley.
Gregory G. Randolph , 44, joined Greenhill as a Managing Director in January 2004. Before joining Greenhill, Mr. Randolph was a Managing Director in the energy and power group of Goldman Sachs. Prior to working at Goldman Sachs for more than 10 years, Mr. Randolph worked in the project finance group at Salomon Brothers.
Bradley A. Robins , 39, has been with Greenhill since January 2001 and has been a Managing Director since January 2002. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Robins was a Senior Vice President at Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin, where he led a variety of restructuring and mergers & acquisitions engagements. Mr. Robins began his career as an attorney at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz.
Colin T. Roy , 42, joined Greenhill as a Senior Advisor in November 2000 and became a Managing Director in January 2002. Mr. Roy has been a member of our Management Committee since its formation in January 2004. Mr. Roy is responsible for our Frankfurt office. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Roy was a Managing Director and Co-Head of Investment Banking in Germany for Merrill Lynch. Mr. Roy's previous experience includes more than 10 years at S.G. Warburg in London, Munich and Frankfurt.
David A. Wyles , 35, joined Greenhill in August 1998 and has been a Managing Director since January 2002. Prior to joining Greenhill, Mr. Wyles spent four years with Baring Brothers International Limited, based in both London and Amsterdam. Mr. Wyles' other experience includes four years with Coopers & Lybrand's management consultancy division and four years with the weapon and communications system design and development arm of the British Royal Navy.
Key Employee Insurance Policy
In order to protect Greenhill from economic losses that could result from the death of any of our managing directors, we intend to purchase a life insurance policy with respect to each of our managing directors. The aggregate policy amount will be approximately $100 million, prorated among each person who is a managing director immediately prior to the consummation of this offering based approximately upon his percentage of beneficial ownership of Greenhill shares at that time.
Employment, Non-Competition and Pledge Agreements
We are entering into an employment, non-competition and pledge agreement with each of our U.S.-based managing directors and a non-competition and pledge agreement with each of our U.K.-based managing directors. The following are descriptions of the material terms of (1) each such employment, non-competition and pledge agreement and (2) each such non-competition and pledge agreement (other than the base salary, benefits, confidentiality, termination of employment and transfer of client relationships provisions described below which are not included in the
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non-competition and pledge agreements), including any amounts or time periods that are specific to our named executive officers. With the exception of the few differences noted in the description below, the terms of each employment, non-competition and pledge agreement and non-competition and pledge agreement are in relevant part identical. You should, however, refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement for a copy of the form of each named executive officer's employment, non-competition and pledge agreement or non-competition and pledge agreement, as applicable. See "Where You Can Find More Information".
Each employment, non-competition and pledge agreement and each non-competition and pledge agreement (other than the base salary, benefits, termination of employment and transfer of client relationships provisions, which are not included in the non-competition and pledge agreements) provides as follows:
Base Salary . Upon the closing of this offering, each managing director will be paid an annual base salary of $600,000, payable in semi-monthly installments. The amount of each managing director's annual salary is subject to annual review by the Compensation Committee. In addition, a managing director may be awarded an annual bonus in an amount determined in the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee.
Benefits . Each managing director will be entitled to participate in all of our employee retirement and welfare benefit plans, including, without limitation, our group health, dental and life insurance plans, 401(k) savings plan, profit sharing plan and equity incentive plan.
Confidentiality . Each managing director is required to protect and use "confidential information" in accordance with the restrictions placed by us on its use and disclosure.
Non-competition . During the period ending 12 months after the date a managing director ceases to provide services to us, or in the case of all initial members of the Management Committee (each of whom will be a member of our Management Committee at the time of the consummation of this public offering), during the period ending 24 months after the date such managing director ceases to provide services to us, that managing director may not:
• | form, or acquire a 5% or greater ownership, voting or profit participation interest in, any competitive enterprise; or |
• | engage in any business activity in which we operate. |
"Competitive enterprise" means any business (or business unit) that engages in any activity in which we or any of our subsidiaries engage at the time such managing director ceases to provide services to us, including investment banking financial advisory services and merchant-banking and related services. These restrictions on competition will expire five years from the consummation of this offering. As a result, any managing director who continues to provide services to us on the fifth anniversary of this offering will no longer be subject to the non-competition restrictions. However, any managing director whose service with us has terminated prior to the fifth anniversary of this offering will remain subject to the non-competition restrictions until the expiration of that managing director's 12-month or 24-month restriction period following his or her termination of service with us, unless the managing director's service with us has been terminated without cause in connection with a Change in Control and the managing director will then no longer be subject to the non-competition restrictions. "Change in Control" is defined in the equity incentive plan described below.
Non-solicitation . During the period ending 12 months after the date a managing director ceases to provide services to us, that managing director may not, directly or indirectly, in any manner solicit any of our employees (at an associate or above level) to apply for, or accept employment with, any competitive enterprise.
Liquidated Damages . In the case of any breach of the non-competition or non-solicitation provisions, the breaching managing director will be liable for liquidated damages. The amount of liquidated damages for each named executive officer is as follows:
• | Robert F. Greenhill: $56.6 million |
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• | Scott L. Bok: $18.8 million |
• | Simon A. Borrows: $18.8 million |
• | Robert H. Niehaus: $14.2 million |
• | John D. Liu: $2.0 million |
• | Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr.: $2.0 million |
For each of the other managing directors, the amount of liquidated damages is between $2.0 million and $18.8 million.
Pledge in Connection with Liquidated Damages . The liquidated damages provision in each managing director's employment, non-competition and pledge agreement or non-competition and pledge agreement, as applicable, will be secured by a pledge of our common stock owned by that managing director (including through indirect ownership and ownership through affiliated entities), subject to a minimum pledge of our common stock with an initial value equal to the lesser of (1) the greater of $2,000,000 (based on the initial public offering price per share shown on the cover page of this prospectus) and that managing director's percentage ownership in Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC prior to its conversion to corporate form multiplied by $200,000,000 and (2) the value of 50% of our common stock owned by that managing director (including through indirect ownership and ownership through affiliated entities) at the time of the consummation of this offering. Each pledge of our common stock will terminate on the earliest to occur of:
• | the death of the relevant managing director; |
• | the expiration of the 12-month period or 24-month period, as applicable, following the termination of the service of the relevant managing director or, if the relevant managing director's service with us was terminated without cause in connection with a Change in Control (as defined in the equity incentive plan described below), on the date of the managing director's termination of service; or |
• | the fifth anniversary of the date of the consummation of this offering (unless service has been terminated earlier). |
These liquidated damages are in addition to the forfeiture of any future equity-based awards that may occur as a result of the breach of any non-competition or non-solicitation provisions contained in those awards.
Transfer of Client Relationships . Each managing director is required, upon cessation of his or her services, to take all actions and do all things reasonably requested by us to maintain for us the business, goodwill and business relationships with our clients with which he or she worked.
Termination of Employment . Each employment, non-competition and pledge agreement may generally be terminated by either that managing director or us on 90 days' prior written notice, subject to the continuing survival of the non-competition, non-solicitation, liquidated damages, transfer of client relationships and confidentiality provisions described above, to the extent applicable.
Nonexclusivity . The liquidated damages and pledge arrangements discussed above are not exclusive of any injunctive relief to which we may be entitled for a breach of the non-competition provisions.
Transfer Rights Agreements
Persons and Shares Covered . Greenhill is entering into a transfer rights agreement with each of our managing directors (including each of our named executive officers). The shares covered by each managing director's transfer rights agreement include all shares of our common stock owned by that managing director as of the closing of this offering (including through indirect ownership and ownership through affiliated entities) and shares received by that managing director (directly or indirectly) in exchange for or in respect of his or her shares of our common stock by reason of stock dividends, stock splits, reverse stock splits, spin-offs, split-ups, recapitalizations, combinations or
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exchanges of shares, but does not include any restricted stock units awarded to that managing director under the equity incentive plan described below. The shares of our common stock covered by each transfer rights agreement are referred to as covered shares.
When a managing director ceases to be our employee for any reason other than death, the managing director will continue to be bound by all the provisions of the transfer rights agreement until the managing director holds (directly or indirectly) all covered shares free from the transfer restrictions described below and thereafter he or she will no longer be bound, in general, by the provisions other than the continuing provisions of the transfer rights agreement.
Each transfer rights agreement will remain in effect in the event the covered shares are converted into a different security as a result of a business combination or other similar transaction.
Transfer Restrictions . Each managing director will agree, among other things, to:
• | except as described below, not transfer, and to maintain sole beneficial ownership of, his or her covered shares for a period of five years after the consummation of this public offering, and |
• | comply with the transfer restrictions relating to the covered shares imposed by the lock-up provisions of the underwriting agreement with respect to this public offering. |
Transfers include, among other things, any disposition of the economic risks of ownership of covered shares, including short sales, option transactions and use of derivative financial instruments or other hedging arrangements with respect to our securities.
Sales Through Underwritten Public Offerings . Our underwritten public offering committee, as described below, may approve one or more underwritten public offerings to sell covered shares, subject to the restrictions described below. Each managing director who:
• | continues to work for us or has suffered a termination of employment resulting from a disability or the heir or estate of any managing director who has died or |
• | retired from us at age 65 or greater with not less than two years of service with us following the consummation of this offering, |
will be entitled to participate in such an underwritten public offering on a pro rata basis with the covered shares of all other managing directors so participating, or on a lesser basis at his or her request, subject to Robert F. Greenhill's right to sell (through his affiliated entities) covered shares first in an amount up to $17.6 million should he elect to do so. This amount corresponds to the capital contributed to Greenhill by Mr. Greenhill and entities controlled by him in connection with the firm's founding and is the only capital contribution that has been made to Greenhill. We may (but are not obligated to) give priority to managing directors who have increased tax liabilities of the types we have agreed to indemnify (see "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Tax Indemnification Agreement and Related Matters"). Our underwritten offering committee will be named by our board of directors and will initially consist of Robert F. Greenhill (who will chair the committee), Scott L. Bok and Simon A. Borrows. Approval of an underwritten offering by the committee will require approval of either the chair of the committee or the joint approval of the other two members of the committee. Approval of an underwritten public offering by the committee is subject to the further limitations contained in each transfer rights agreement, including:
• | in the first year following the consummation of this offering, we will effect no more than two underwritten public offerings of our common stock at the request of our managing directors for an aggregate number of shares not to exceed 15% of the covered shares as of the consummation of this offering; and |
• | we have the right to refuse to effect an underwritten public offering at the request of our managing directors if the number of shares included in the request is less than 5% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding at the time the request is made. |
Covered shares will also be subject to any underwriters' lock-up then in effect.
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In addition, subject to the approval of the underwritten offering committee, our managing directors will have the right to participate in underwritten offerings effected by the Company for other purposes, subject to the limitations described above and certain other limitations.
Furthermore, the underwritten offering committee may approve requests by a managing director to transfer covered shares to family members, family trusts or charitable organizations, which transferees will be subject to the same transfer restrictions under the transfer rights agreement.
Sales in Compliance With Rule 144 Under the Securities Act of 1933 . Consistent with the transfer restrictions described above, and other than in compliance with the exceptions described above, managing directors generally will not be permitted to transfer covered shares during the five year restriction period following the consummation of this offering through sales effected in compliance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933 or otherwise. However, each of Robert F. Greenhill, Lord James Blyth and Harvey R. Miller, each of whom will be age 65 within two years following the consummation of this public offering, will be permitted to sell (or cause to be sold through affiliated entities) covered shares in compliance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933 after the expiration of a two year period following the effective date of this public offering. Furthermore, upon a termination of a managing director's employment due to his or her death or disability, such managing director or his or her heirs or estate will be permitted to sell covered shares in compliance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, regardless of when such termination of employment occurred.
Compliance With Securities Laws . In addition to the restrictions set forth above, managing directors will need to comply with applicable securities laws in connection with any transfer of our common stock and may need to deliver an opinion of counsel in connection with any transfer.
All transfer restrictions applicable to a managing director under the transfer rights agreement terminate upon death of such managing director.
Dividends . To the extent dividends are paid on covered shares while the managing director remains subject to the transfer restrictions of the transfer rights agreement, the managing director will be entitled to such dividends.
Voting . Each managing director will be entitled to full voting rights with respect to his or her covered shares.
Term and Amendment . Each transfer rights agreement will be in effect for 10 years from the date of the consummation of this offering or until it is earlier terminated by us. Each transfer rights agreement may generally be amended or waived at any time by the mutual consent of the managing director and us.
The Employee Initial Public Offering Awards
Effective as of the consummation of this offering, substantially all non-managing director employees will receive a grant of restricted stock units with respect to which up to an aggregate of 625,000 shares of common stock will be deliverable.
The restricted stock units awarded to employees in connection with this offering and in the future will be granted under the equity incentive plan described below and will confer only the rights of a general unsecured creditor of Greenhill and no rights as a shareholder of Greenhill until the common stock underlying such award is delivered.
Subject to the employee's continued employment on the relevant delivery date, the common stock underlying the restricted stock units awarded in connection with this offering generally will be deliverable in equal installments on or about the first, second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the date of the consummation of this offering, although the common stock may be deliverable earlier in the event of the occurrence of a change in control. While these restricted stock units are outstanding, amounts equal to regular cash dividends that would have been paid on the common stock underlying these units if the common stock had been actually issued will be paid in cash at about the same time that the dividends are paid generally to the shareholders.
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Change In Control
The restricted stock units will provide that if a change in control occurs the Compensation Committee will determine in its sole discretion whether outstanding restricted stock units shall become fully vested and payable. If, however, the holder of outstanding restricted stock units suffers a termination of service by us without cause (as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion), the holder's outstanding restricted stock units will become fully vested and payable. "Change in Control" is defined in the equity incentive plan described below.
The Equity Incentive Plan
The following is a description of the material terms of the Equity Incentive Plan. You should, however, refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement for a copy of the Equity Incentive Plan. See "Where You Can Find More Information".
Purpose . The purposes of the Equity Incentive Plan are to attract, retain and motivate key employees and directors of and consultants and advisors to Greenhill and to align the interests of key employees, directors, consultants and advisors with shareholders through equity-based compensation and enhanced opportunities for ownership of shares of our common stock.
Administration . The Equity Incentive Plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee, or any successor committee thereto, or another committee of our board of directors appointed or designated by the board of directors, in each case, composed of no fewer than two directors each of whom is a "non-employee director" within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and an "outside director" within the meaning of Section 162(m) (as defined below).
Vesting Schedule . The Compensation Committee shall have the authority to determine the vesting schedule applicable to each award.
Settlement of Awards . The Compensation Committee shall have authority under the Equity Incentive Plan to determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances awards under the Equity Incentive Plan may be settled, paid or exercised in cash, shares of common stock or other awards under the Equity Incentive Plan or other property, or canceled, forfeited or suspended.
Deferral of Awards . The Compensation Committee shall determine whether, to what extent, and under what circumstances cash, shares of common stock, other securities, other awards under the Equity Incentive Plan, other property, and other amounts payable with respect to an award under the Equity Incentive Plan shall be deferred either automatically, or at the election of the holder thereof, or of the Compensation Committee.
Section 162(m) . Subject to the terms of the Equity Incentive Plan, the Compensation Committee will have the authority and discretion to determine the extent to which awards under the Equity Incentive Plan will be structured to conform to the requirements applicable to performance-based compensation as described in Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code ("Section 162(m)"), and to take such action, establish such procedures, and impose such restrictions at the time such awards are granted as the Compensation Committee determines to be necessary or appropriate to conform to such requirements.
Shares Available . Subject to adjustment, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be delivered pursuant to awards granted under the Equity Incentive Plan is 20,000,000.
Shares of common stock to be issued under the Equity Incentive Plan may be made available from authorized but unissued common stock of the Company, common stock held by the Company in its treasury, or common stock of the Company purchased by the Company on the open market or otherwise. During the term of the Equity Incentive Plan, we will at all times reserve and keep available the number of shares of our common stock that shall be sufficient to satisfy the requirements of the Equity Incentive Plan.
If any shares of our common stock covered by an award (other than a Substitute Award as defined below), or to which such an award relates, terminate, lapse or are forfeited or cancelled, or
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such an award is otherwise settled without the delivery of the full number of shares of our common stock underlying the award, then the shares of our common stock covered by such award, or to which such award relates, to the extent of any such forfeiture, termination, lapse, cancellation, etc., shall again be, or shall become available for issuance under the Equity Incentive Plan. Shares of our common stock underlying Substitute Awards shall not reduce the number of shares of our common stock available for delivery under the Equity Incentive Plan. A "Substitute Award" under the Equity Incentive Plan is any award granted in assumption of, or in substitution for, an outstanding award previously granted by a company acquired by us or with which we combine.
Adjustments . The Compensation Committee has the authority to adjust the terms of any outstanding awards and the number of shares of common stock issuable under the Equity Incentive Plan for any increase or decrease in the number of issued shares of common stock resulting from a reorganization, merger, consolidation, stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, spin-off, combination or reclassification of the common stock, or any other event that the Compensation Committee determines affects our capitalization.
Eligibility . All of our full-time or part-time employees (including an officer or director who is also an employee) or those of our affiliates and any of our consultants or advisors selected by the Compensation Committee are eligible to participate in the Equity Incentive Plan. Other than for awards of Incentive Stock Options (as described below), any individual or individuals to whom an offer of employment has been extended, a member of our board of directors or a member of the board of directors of any of our subsidiaries may also receive awards under the Equity Incentive Plan at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. Holders of equity-based awards issued by a company acquired by us or with which we combine are eligible to receive Substitute Awards under the Equity Incentive Plan.
Grant of Awards . The Compensation Committee may grant the following five types of awards under the Equity Incentive Plan: (i) Restricted Stock Units, (ii) Options, (iii) Restricted Stock Awards, (iv) Other Stock-Based Awards and (v) Performance Awards (each an "Award"). We currently intend to grant only Restricted Stock Units under the Equity Incentive Plan.
An Award of Restricted Stock Units consists of contractual rights denominated in shares of our common stock and represents a right to receive the value of a share of our common stock (or a percentage of such value, which percentage may be higher than 100%). Restricted Stock Units underlying such Awards are subject to restrictions and such other terms and conditions as the Compensation Committee may determine, which restrictions and such other terms and conditions may lapse separately or in combination at such time or times, in such installments or otherwise, as the Compensation Committee may deem appropriate.
Performance Awards . The Equity Incentive Plan also permits the Compensation Committee to grant Performance Awards. A Performance Award is an Award under the Equity Incentive Plan that the Compensation Committee intends to qualify as "qualified performance based compensation" under Section 162(m), and which Award is made to an individual who is expected by the Compensation Committee to be both (i) a "covered employee" as defined in Section 162(m) for the tax year of the Company with regard to which a deduction in respect of such person's Award would be allowed and (ii) the recipient of compensation (other than "qualified performance based compensation" as defined in Section 162(m)) in excess of $1,000,000 for such tax year. Performance Awards shall become earned and payable if preestablished targets relating to one or more of the following performance measures are achieved during a performance period or periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee: (i) earnings per share, (ii) return on average common equity, (iii) pre-tax income, (iv) pre-tax operating income, (v) net revenues, (vi) net income, (vii) profits before taxes, (viii) book value per share, (ix) stock price, (x) earnings available to common shareholders, (xi) ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues and (xii) execution and origination of assignments directly related to the individual covered employee. Such targets may relate to the Company as a whole, to one or more units thereof or to the "covered employee", and may be measured over such periods, as the Compensation Committee shall determine. The maximum value of any Performance Award which may be earned under the Equity Incentive Plan is $10,000,000.
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Termination of Employment . Except as otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee or provided by the Compensation Committee in an applicable agreement under the Equity Incentive Plan, in case of termination of employment or cessation of services:
(a) for reason of death, Disability (as defined) or Retirement (as defined), any unvested Award then held by such participant shall be immediately accelerated and become fully vested, exercisable and payable and any such Award that is an Option shall automatically expire on the earlier of (i) the date the Option would have expired had the participant continued in such employment and (ii) one year after the date such participant's service ceases; and
(b) by the Company for cause (as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion), the Compensation Committee will have the discretion to accelerate and fully vest any Award held by such participant, otherwise (i) any Award then held by such participant whose restrictions have not lapsed, which is not exercisable or which is not payable will automatically be forfeited in full and canceled by the Company upon such termination of employment and (ii) any Option then held by such participant to the extent exercisable shall automatically be forfeited in full and canceled by the Company on the date such participant's service ceases;
(c) by the Company without cause (as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion) within two years following the occurrence of a Change in Control or upon a termination of employment by the Company without cause (as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion) six months prior to the occurrence of a Change in Control if the Compensation Committee reasonably determines in its sole discretion that such termination was at the behest of the acquiring entity (each such termination of employment deemed to be a termination of employment "in connection with" the occurrence of a Change in Control):
(i) any Award (other than Options) then held by such participant will be immediately accelerated and become fully vested, exercisable and payable, and
(ii) any Option then held by such participant will be immediately accelerated and become fully vested, exercisable and payable shall automatically expire on the earlier of (A) the date the Option would have expired had such participant continued in such employment and (B) one year after the date such participant's service ceases; and
(d) for any reason other than death, Disability, Retirement, cause (as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion) or in connection with the occurrence of a Change in Control, the Compensation Committee will have the discretion to accelerate and fully vest any Award held by such participant, otherwise:
(i) any Award (other than Performance Awards) then held by such participant whose restrictions have not lapsed, which is not exercisable or which is not payable will automatically be forfeited in full and canceled by the Company on the date such participant's service ceases,
(ii) any Option then held by such participant to the extent exercisable shall automatically expire on the earlier of (A) the date the Option would have expired had the employee continued in such service and (B) 180 days (or 90 days in the case of Options that are intended to qualify as an incentive stock option under Section 422 of the Code) after the date that such participant's service ceases, and
(iii) any Performance Award then held by such participant which is not then payable will be paid in accordance with its terms at the time the Performance Award would have been payable if the termination of employment had not occurred.
Duration of the Equity Incentive Plan . The Equity Incentive Plan shall be effective as of the effective date of its adoption by our board of directors. No Award shall be granted under the Equity Incentive Plan after the tenth anniversary of its adoption. However, unless otherwise expressly provided in the Equity Incentive Plan or in an applicable award agreement, any Award theretofore granted may extend beyond such date, and the authority of the Compensation Committee to administer the Equity Incentive Plan and to amend, alter, adjust, suspend, discontinue, or terminate any such Award, or to waive any conditions or rights under any such Award, and the authority of our board of directors to amend the Equity Incentive Plan, shall extend beyond such date.
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Amendment, Modification and Termination of the Equity Incentive Plan . Except as otherwise provided in an award agreement, our board of directors may from time to time suspend, discontinue, revise or amend the Equity Incentive Plan and the Compensation Committee may amend the terms of any award in any respect, provided that no such action will impair the rights of a holder of an outstanding award under the plan without the holder's consent.
Change in Control . Except as described in the "Termination of Employment" section above and except as otherwise provided in the applicable agreement under the Equity Incentive Plan, upon the occurrence of a Change in Control, the Compensation Committee shall determine whether outstanding Options under the Equity Incentive Plan shall become fully exercisable and whether outstanding Awards (other than Options) under the Equity Incentive Plan shall become fully vested and payable.
"Change in Control" means the consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving Greenhill & Co., Inc. or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of Greenhill & Co., Inc. to an entity that is not an affiliate or that, in each case, requires shareholder approval under the laws of Greenhill & Co., Inc.'s jurisdiction of organization, unless immediately following such transaction, either:
• | at least 50% of the total voting power of the surviving entity or its parent entity, if applicable, is represented by securities of Greenhill & Co., Inc. that were outstanding immediately prior to the transaction; or |
• | at least 50% of the members of the board of directors (including directors whose election or nomination was approved by the incumbent directors of Greenhill & Co., Inc.) of the company resulting from the transaction were members of the board of directors of Greenhill & Co., Inc. at the time of such board of directors' approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for the transaction. |
Dividend Equivalent Rights . The Compensation Committee may in its discretion include in the award agreement a dividend equivalent right entitling the participant to receive amounts equal to the dividends that would be paid, during the time such Award is outstanding, on the shares of our common stock covered by such Award as if such shares were then outstanding.
Transferability . Except as the Compensation Committee may otherwise determine from time to time, no Award and no right under any such Award, shall be assignable, alienable, saleable or transferable by a participant otherwise than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution; provided, however, that, if so determined by the Compensation Committee, a participant may, in the manner established by the Compensation Committee, designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries to exercise the rights of the participant, and to receive any property distributable, with respect to any Award upon the death of the participant.
Summary of Tax Aspects of the Equity Incentive Plan
The following discussion is a brief summary of the principal United States federal income tax consequences under current federal income tax laws relating to awards under the Equity Incentive Plan. This summary is not intended to be exhaustive and, among other things, does not describe state, local or foreign income and other tax consequences.
Non-Qualified Stock Options . An optionee will not recognize any taxable income upon the grant of an NQSO and we will not be entitled to a tax deduction with respect to the grant of an NQSO. Upon exercise of an NQSO, the excess of the fair market value of the Stock on the exercise date over the option exercise price will be taxable as compensation income to the optionee and will be subject to applicable withholding taxes. We will generally be entitled to a tax deduction at such time in the amount of such compensation income. The optionee's tax basis for the shares of common stock of the Company received pursuant to the exercise of an NQSO will equal the sum of the compensation income recognized and the exercise price.
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In the event of a sale of our common stock received upon the exercise of an NQSO, any appreciation or depreciation after the exercise date generally will be taxed as capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holding period for such common stock is more than one year.
Incentive Stock Options . An optionee will not recognize any taxable income at the time of grant or timely exercise of an ISO and we will not be entitled to a tax deduction with respect to such grant or exercise. Exercise of an ISO may, however, give rise to taxable compensation income subject to applicable withholding taxes, and a tax deduction to us, if the ISO is not exercised on a timely basis (generally, while the optionee is employed by us or within 90 days after termination of employment) or if the optionee subsequently engages in a "disqualifying disposition", as described below.
A sale or exchange by an optionee of shares acquired upon the exercise of an ISO more than one year after the transfer of the shares to such optionee and more than two years after the date of grant of the ISO will result in any difference between the net sale proceeds and the exercise price being treated as long-term capital gain (or loss) to the optionee. If such sale or exchange takes place within two years after the date of grant of the ISO or within one year from the date of transfer of the ISO shares to the optionee, such sale or exchange will generally constitute a "disqualifying disposition" of such shares that will have the following results: any excess of (i) the lesser of (a) the fair market value of the shares at the time of exercise of the ISO and (b) the amount realized on such disqualifying disposition of the shares over (ii) the option exercise price of such shares, will be ordinary income to the optionee, subject to applicable withholding taxes, and we will be entitled to a tax deduction in the amount of such income. Any further gain or loss after the date of exercise generally will qualify as capital gain or loss and will not result in any deduction by us.
Restricted Stock . A grantee will not recognize any income upon the receipt of restricted stock unless the holder elects under Section 83(b) of the Code, within thirty days of such receipt, to recognize ordinary income in an amount equal to the fair market value of the restricted stock at the time of receipt, less any amount paid for the shares. If the election is made, the holder will not be allowed a deduction for amounts subsequently required to be returned to us. If the election is not made, the holder will generally recognize ordinary income, on the date that the restrictions to which the restricted stock is subject are removed, in an amount equal to the fair market value of such shares on such date, less any amount paid for the shares. At the time the holder recognizes ordinary income, we generally will be entitled to a deduction in the same amount.
Generally, upon a sale or other disposition of restricted stock with respect to which the holder has recognized ordinary income ( i.e. , a Section 83(b) election was previously made or the restrictions were previously removed), the holder will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on such sale or other disposition and the holder's basis in such shares. Such gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holding period for such shares is more than one year.
Restricted Stock Units and Performance Awards . The grant of an Award of Restricted Stock Units or a Performance Award will not result in income for the grantee or in a tax deduction for us. Upon the settlement of such an Award, the grantee will recognize ordinary income equal to the aggregate fair market value of the payment received, and we generally will be entitled to a tax deduction in the same amount.
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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth as of the date of this prospectus certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock:
• | immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, but after giving effect to the incorporation transactions that are described under "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Incorporation Transactions"; and |
• | as adjusted to reflect the sale of the shares of our common stock if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full by: |
• | each of the directors and named executive officers individually; |
• | all directors and executive officers as a group; and |
• | each person who is known to Greenhill to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock. |
In accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, "beneficial ownership" includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. The percentage of beneficial ownership for the following table is based on 25,000,000 shares of common stock that will be outstanding immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, but after giving effect to the incorporation transactions that are described under "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Incorporation Transactions", 30,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding after the completion of this offering assuming no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares and 30,750,000 shares of common stock outstanding after the completion of this offering assuming full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares. The address for each listed stockholder is: c/o Greenhill & Co., Inc., 300 Park Avenue, 23rd Floor, New York, New York 10022. To our knowledge, except as indicated in the footnotes to this table and pursuant to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them.
Shares
Beneficially
Owned Before This Offering(a) |
Shares
Beneficially
Owned After This Offering Without Exercise of Option(a) |
Shares
Beneficially
Owned After This Offering With Exercise of Option(a) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name of Beneficial Owner | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||||
Directors and Named Executive Officers: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert F. Greenhill(b) | 7,917,734 | 31.7 | % | 7,917,734 | 26.4 | % | 7,917,734 | 25.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Scott L. Bok | 2,243,155 | 9.0 | % | 2,243,155 | 7.5 | % | 2,243,155 | 7.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Simon A. Borrows | 2,243,385 | 9.0 | % | 2,243,385 | 7.5 | % | 2,243,385 | 7.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Robert H. Niehaus | 1,686,171 | 6.7 | % | 1,686,171 | 5.6 | % | 1,686,171 | 5.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||
John D. Liu | 179,626 | * | 179,626 | * | 179,626 | * | ||||||||||||||||||||
Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr | 119,751 | * | 119,751 | * | 119,751 | * | ||||||||||||||||||||
All
Directors and Executive Officers
as a group (6 persons) |
14,389,822 | 57.6 | % | 14,389,822 | 48.0 | % | 14,389,822 | 46.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||
5% Stockholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Timothy M. George | 2,243,155 | 9.0 | % | 2,243,155 | 7.5 | % | 2,243,155 | 7.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||
James R. C. Lupton | 2,243,385 | 9.0 | % | 2,243,385 | 7.5 | % | 2,243,385 | 7.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Michael A. Kramer | 1,239,550 | 5.0 | % | 1,239,550 | 4.1 | % | 1,239,550 | 4.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||
* | Less than 1% of the outstanding shares of common stock. |
(a) | Assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. The initial public offering price affects the amounts in this table because Riversville Aircraft Corporation II, a Delaware corporation controlled by Mr. Robert F. Greenhill, and Greenhill Family Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership controlled by Mr. Robert F. Greenhill, will receive an aggregate of $17.6 million of our shares at the initial public offering price in exchange for their ownership interest in Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC, while the other members of Greenhill will, in the aggregate, receive a number of shares in exchange for their ownership interests equal, at the initial public offering price, to the remaining equity value of Greenhill. |
(b) | Robert F. Greenhill's beneficial ownership is calculated by attributing to him all shares of our common stock owned by two entities controlled by him. The first entity is Greenhill Family Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership, which owned prior to this offering (assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share) 6,460,261 of our shares. The second entity is Riversville Aircraft Corporation II, a Delaware corporation, which owned prior to this offering (assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share) 1,457,473 of our shares. Mr. Greenhill expressly disclaims beneficial ownership of the 4,825,815 shares of common stock held by members of his family in the Greenhill Family Limited Partnership. |
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The following are descriptions of the material provisions of the agreements and other documents discussed below. You should, however, refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement for a copy of each agreement and document. See "Where You Can Find More Information".
Incorporation Transactions
We currently conduct our business through a limited liability company, Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and its affiliates. Our managing directors, with the exception of Mr. Robert F. Greenhill, all have been members in Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC or partners in its controlled affiliated U.K. partnership, Greenhill & Co. International LLP. Mr. Greenhill has held his membership interests in Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC indirectly through Riversville Aircraft Corporation II and Greenhill Family Limited Partnership. In connection with the consummation of this offering, we will complete a number of transactions in order to have Greenhill & Co., Inc. succeed to the business of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and its affiliates and to have our members become shareholders of Greenhill & Co., Inc.
Pursuant to our reorganization agreements, the principal reorganization and incorporation transactions are summarized below:
• | Prior to the consummation of this offering, our managing directors who were the partners in Greenhill & Co. International LLP will exchange their partnership interests, through a series of consecutive exchanges, for equity interests in Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Greenhill & Co. International LLP will become a wholly-owned affiliate of Greenhill & Co., Inc.; |
• | If necessary in order to fully distribute to our members Greenhill's undistributed earnings up to the consummation of this offering, Greenhill may distribute to its members interests in certain of its accounts receivable; and |
• | Immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC will merge into Greenhill & Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation created in contemplation of this offering, and the members of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC, will collectively receive shares of common stock of Greenhill & Co., Inc. As a result of the merger, Greenhill & Co., Inc. will succeed to all of the assets and liabilities held by Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC at the time of the merger. |
The transactions described above are being effected pursuant to a series of reorganization agreements among the relevant Greenhill entities and their members. Consummation of the transactions contemplated in the reorganization agreements is a condition to the closing of this offering. In addition, each member who will receive shares of Greenhill & Co., Inc. as a result of the reorganization has agreed to release Greenhill & Co., Inc. and its past, present and future affiliates from any and all claims such member may have had against Greenhill relating to events occurring prior to the closing. Greenhill & Co., Inc., in turn, has agreed to indemnify our members with respect to any action which may be brought against any member by reason of the fact that the member was a member, managing member, executive committee member or officer of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC or any of its subsidiaries prior to the closing of the merger or, at the request of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC or any of its subsidiaries, is or was serving as a partner, director, officer or trustee of another entity, other than with respect to any acts committed in bad faith or that were the result of active and deliberate dishonesty or from which the member gained financial profit or another advantage to which the member was not legally entitled.
Managing Director Indemnification
We will enter into agreements that provide indemnification to our directors, officers and all other persons requested or authorized by our board of directors to take actions on behalf of us for all losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred by the indemnified person arising out of such
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person's service in such capacity, subject to the limitations imposed by Delaware law. This agreement is in addition to our indemnification obligations under our by-laws as described under "Description of Capital Stock—Limitation of Liability and Indemnification Matters".
Tax Indemnification Agreement and Related Matters
An entity that has historically operated in corporate form generally is liable for any adjustments to the corporation's taxes for periods prior to its initial public offering. In contrast, our members, rather than Greenhill, generally will be liable for adjustments to taxes (including U.S. federal and state income taxes) attributable to the operations of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and its affiliates prior to this offering. In connection with this offering, we will enter into a tax indemnification agreement to indemnify each member (and beneficial owner thereof) of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and each partner of Greenhill & Co. International LLP against certain increases in each tax indemnitee's taxes that relate to activities of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and its affiliates in respect of periods prior to this offering. We will be required to make additional payments to offset any taxes payable by a tax indemnitee in respect of payments made pursuant to the tax indemnification agreement only to the extent the payments made to that tax indemnitee exceed a fixed amount. Any such payment of additional taxes by Greenhill & Co., Inc. will be offset by any tax benefit received by the additional tax indemnitee.
The tax indemnification agreement includes provisions that permit Greenhill & Co., Inc. to control any tax proceeding or contest which might result in being required to make a payment under the tax indemnification agreement.
Relationship with Greenhill Capital Partners' Funds
Greenhill has an indirect interest in four different merchant banking funds, which we refer to as Greenhill Capital Partners, that invest jointly on a pro rata basis. The funds are advised by two general partners, which we refer to as the Original General Partner and the Managing General Partner. The Original General Partner makes investment decisions and is entitled to receive from the funds an override of 20% of the profits earned by the funds over a specified threshold, in each case solely with respect to investments made by the funds prior to 2004. The Managing General Partner controls all other matters relating to the funds and is entitled to receive from the funds an override of 20% of the profits earned by the funds over a specified threshold with respect to all other investments of the funds.
The Original General Partner is controlled by Robert F. Greenhill, Scott L. Bok, Robert H. Niehaus and V. Frank Pottow in their individual capacities. Greenhill has an indirect minority, non-controlling interest in the Original General Partner and is entitled to 5% of the profit overrides earned by the Original General Partner. The remainder of the profit overrides have been allocated to managing directors and officers of Greenhill.
The Managing General Partner is controlled by Greenhill. Greenhill is also entitled to 50% of the profit override earned by the Managing General Partner on investments made by the funds in 2004 and thereafter. The remainder of the profit override is allocated to Greenhill managing directors and officers at Greenhill's discretion.
Relationship with Barrow Street Capital
Barrow Street Capital LLC, or Barrow Street Capital, is a real estate merchant banking firm founded in 1997. One of Barrow Street Capital's two managing principals is Robert F. Greenhill, Jr., son of Robert F. Greenhill, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Greenhill. Barrow Street Capital's chairman is Peter C. Krause, and its investment committee is comprised of the two managing principals of Barrow Street Capital and Robert F. Greenhill, Peter C. Krause and Robert H. Niehaus. Messrs. Greenhill, Krause and Niehaus are each managing directors of Greenhill. Greenhill has veto rights over most significant management and investment decisions with respect to Barrow Street Capital, although Greenhill cannot force a management change.
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In 1997, Greenhill & Co., LLC made a capital contribution of $225,000 to Barrow Street Capital's predecessor firm in exchange for a membership interest allocating to Greenhill 50% of the firm's net income or loss and entitling Greenhill to the veto rights described above. The remaining 50% economic interest is allocated to the two managing principals of Barrow Street Capital, who are also its other members. Greenhill's proportionate share of Barrow Street Capital's members' equity was $561,857, $229,321 and $83,403 as of December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively, reflecting the initial investment plus cumulative gains and losses as of such dates, less cumulative distributions as of such dates. All gains and losses with respect to this investment were reflected on Greenhill's financial statements for the relevant periods. Barrow Street Capital has agreed that, prior to the consummation of this offering, it will purchase Greenhill's membership interest in Barrow Street Capital for an amount in cash equal to Greenhill's proportionate share of Barrow Street Capital's members' equity as of December 31, 2003.
In addition to Greenhill's investment in Barrow Street Capital, Barrow Street Capital uses, and reimburses us at cost for, a portion of our office space and other facilities. In 2003, 2002 and 2001, we billed Barrow Street Capital $283,631, $264,724 and $219,572, respectively, under these arrangements. In addition, the managing principals and employees of Barrow Street Capital participate in Greenhill's health care plans and pay the associated incremental premiums.
From 1997 through 2002, Barrow Street Capital's revenues were not adequate to cover Barrow Street Capital's operating costs, including reimbursement to us for use of office space and health care insurance premiums. From time to time during that period, Greenhill provided financing to Barrow Street Capital, including to fund operating losses. As of December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, Barrow Street Capital owed us $234,148, $660,427 and $437,186, respectively, in connection with such financing. Beginning in 2003, the management fees earned by Barrow Street Capital from Barrow Street Real Estate Fund II, or BSREF II, together with the management fees and profit overrides from Barrow Street Real Estate Fund, or BSREF, have been sufficient to cover all of the operating costs of Barrow Street Capital. In 2004, Barrow Street Capital repaid in full all amounts owing Greenhill and we do not intend to allow Barrow Street Capital to incur any indebtedness to us in the future.
Robert F. Greenhill, Jr. and Nicholas Chermayeff, the managing principals of Barrow Street Capital, will be awarded restricted stock units in connection with this offering at the same level as our senior, non-managing director employees. They receive no cash or other compensation from Greenhill.
The Barrow Street Capital Real Estate Funds
Barrow Street Capital initially invested directly in individual real estate transactions using equity funding provided by Greenhill's managing directors at that time. In 1999, Barrow Street Capital raised its first fund, BSREF, with $20 million of total committed equity capital, $5 million of which was provided by Greenhill's managing directors at that time and the rest of which was provided by unaffiliated outside investors. In 2002, Barrow Street Capital raised a second fund, BSREF II, with $110 million of committed equity capital, of which $14 million was provided by Greenhill's managing directors at that time and most of which was provided by a large U.S. pension fund. Barrow Street Capital is the general partner for BSREF and BSREF II. Greenhill made no investment in either fund, or in any of the investments that were made prior to raising the first fund.
Barrow Street Capital intends to seek to establish new funds in the future. Greenhill intends to commit $5.0 million to Barrow Street Capital's next fund, with its investment bearing no management fees or profit override. Certain of Greenhill's managing directors also intend to commit to new Barrow Street funds. Greenhill would make its investment on the condition that it will be entitled to receive 50% of any profit overrides earned on the fund in which it invests. Greenhill's managing directors would receive no participation in profit overrides in that fund. Greenhill will not make any investments in Barrow Street funds through Barrow Street Capital.
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Use of Corporate Aircraft
Through our wholly-owned subsidiary Greenhill Aviation Co., LLC, we own and operate an airplane that is used by our employees for transportation on business travel and by Robert F. Greenhill and his spouse for transportation on business and personal travel. We bear all costs of operating the aircraft, including the cost of maintaining air and ground crews. We have an aircraft expense policy in place that sets forth guidelines for personal and business use of the airplane. Expenses attributable to the personal use of the airplane by Mr. Greenhill and his spouse are included in his earnings as a taxable fringe benefit in accordance with federal income tax requirements. During the years 2003, 2002 and 2001, expenses of $118,831, $229,650 and $199,219, respectively, were attributable to Mr. Greenhill's personal use of the aircraft, and were consequently included in his earnings each year as a taxable fringe benefit.
In addition, employees of Greenhill from time to time use airplanes personally owned by Mr. Greenhill for business travel. In those instances, Mr. Greenhill invoices us for the travel expense on terms we believe are comparable to those we could secure from an independent third party. During the years 2003, 2002 and 2001, we paid $10,176, $184,660 and $124,420, respectively, to an entity controlled by Mr. Greenhill on account of such expenses.
Use of Hangar Space
Riversville Aircraft Corporation, an entity controlled by Robert F. Greenhill, uses and reimburses us for a portion of the hangar space we lease at the Westchester County Airport. In 2003, Riversville Aircraft Corporation paid us $23,400 in rent and related costs. Riversville Aircraft Corporation reimburses us for its use of a portion of the hangar space on terms we believe are comparable to those we could secure from an independent third party. During 2001, 2002 and part of 2003, Riversville Aircraft Corporation paid the owner of the hangar space directly for the portion of the hangar space that it used.
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
General Matters
The following description of our common stock and preferred stock and the relevant provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws are summaries thereof and are qualified by reference to our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, copies of which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to our registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, and applicable law.
Our authorized capital stock currently consists of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, no par value.
Common Stock
Immediately following the closing of this offering, there will be 30,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding, assuming no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares.
The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders and do not have cumulative voting rights. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. See "Dividend Policy". In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Greenhill, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to prior distribution rights of preferred stock, if any, then outstanding. The common stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable, and the shares of common stock to be issued upon completion of this offering will be fully paid and non-assessable. Immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, but after giving effect to the incorporation transactions that are described under "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Incorporation Transactions", there will be 23 holders of our common stock.
Preferred Stock
The board of directors has the authority to issue preferred stock in one or more classes or series and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof including dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, redemption prices, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any class or series, without further vote or action by the shareholders. The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Greenhill without further action by the shareholders and may adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock. At present, Greenhill has no plans to issue any of the preferred stock.
Voting
The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our capital stock present, in person or by written proxy, at a meeting of stockholders and entitled to vote on the subject matter will be the act of the stockholders.
Our certificate of incorporation may be amended in any manner provided by the Delaware General Corporation Law. The board of directors has the power to adopt, amend or repeal our bylaws.
Action by Written Consent
Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if the consent to such action in writing is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting.
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Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law
Following consummation of this offering, Greenhill will be subject to the "business combination" provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, such provisions prohibit a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in various "business combination" transactions with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless
• | the transaction is approved by the board of directors prior to the date the interested stockholder obtained such status; |
• | upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced; or |
• | on or subsequent to such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder. |
A "business combination" is defined to include mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in financial benefit to a stockholder. In general, an "interested stockholder" is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns (or within three years, did own) 15% or more of a corporation's voting stock. The statute could prohibit or delay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts with respect to Greenhill and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire Greenhill even though such a transaction may offer Greenhill's stockholders the opportunity to sell their stock at a price above the prevailing market price.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification Matters
Our certificate of incorporation provides that a director of Greenhill will not be liable to Greenhill or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except in certain cases where liability is mandated by the Delaware General Corporation Law. Our certificate of incorporation also provides for indemnification, to the fullest extent permitted by law, by Greenhill of any person made or threatened to be made a party to, or who is involved in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of Greenhill, or at the request of Greenhill, serves or served as a director or officer of any other enterprise, against all expenses, liabilities, losses and claims actually incurred or suffered by such person in connection with the action, suit or proceeding. Our certificate of incorporation also provides that, to the extent authorized from time to time by our board of directors, Greenhill may provide indemnification to any one or more employees and other agents of Greenhill to the extent and effect determined by the board of directors to be appropriate and authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law. Our certificate of incorporation also permits us to purchase and maintain insurance for the foregoing and we expect to maintain such insurance.
Listing
An application has been made to list the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "GHL".
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock will be The Bank of New York.
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CERTAIN MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion describes certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common stock. This discussion applies only to holders that hold shares of our common stock as capital assets.
This discussion does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to a holder in light of its particular circumstances or to holders subject to special rules, such as:
• | certain financial institutions; |
• | insurance companies; |
• | dealers and certain traders in securities; |
• | persons holding our common stock as part of a "straddle," "hedge," "conversion" or similar transaction; |
• | U.S. holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; |
• | holders that own, or that are deemed to own, more than 5% of our common stock; |
• | certain former citizens or residents of the United States; |
• | partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and |
• | persons subject to the alternative minimum tax. |
This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions and final, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations, changes to any of which subsequent to the date of this prospectus may affect the tax consequences described herein. This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income and estate taxation that may be relevant to holders in light of their particular circumstances and does not address any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction. Prospective holders are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of owning and disposing of common stock, including the consequences under the laws of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction.
Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders
As used herein, the term "U.S. holder" means a beneficial owner of our common stock that is for United States federal income tax purposes:
• | a citizen or resident of the United States; |
• | a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof; or |
• | an estate or trust the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source. |
Taxation of Distributions on Common Stock
Distributions paid on our common stock, other than certain pro rata distributions of common shares, will be treated as dividends to the extent paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) and will be includible in income by the U.S. holder and taxable as ordinary income when actually or constructively received. If a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will be first treated as a tax-free return of the U.S. holder's investment, up to the U.S. holder's tax basis in the common stock. Any remaining excess will be treated as a capital gain. Subject to certain limitations and restrictions, dividends received by corporate U.S. holders will be eligible for the dividends received
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deduction. Under recently enacted legislation, dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders on common stock may be subject to U.S. federal income tax at lower rates than other types of ordinary income if certain conditions are met. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the implications of this new legislation in their particular circumstances.
Sale or Other Disposition of Common Stock
Gain or loss realized by a U.S. holder on the sale or other disposition of our common stock will be capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder held the common stock for more than one year. The amount of the U.S. holder's gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the U.S. holder's tax basis in the common stock disposed of and the amount realized on the disposition.
Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders
As used herein, the term "non-U.S. holder"means a beneficial owner of our common stock that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
• | an individual who is classified as a nonresident alien for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
• | a foreign corporation; or |
• | a foreign estate or trust. |
A non-U.S. holder does not include an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition and is not otherwise a resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such an individual is urged to consult his or her own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the sale, exchange or other disposition of common stock.
Dividends
Dividends paid by the company to a non-U.S. holder of common stock generally will be subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. holder will be required to provide an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty.
The withholding tax does not apply to dividends paid to a non-U.S. holder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder's conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. holder were a U.S. resident. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to an additional "branch profits tax" imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate).
Gain on Disposition of Common Stock
A non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on a sale or other disposition of common stock unless:
• | the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of the non-U.S. holder in the United States, subject to an applicable treaty providing otherwise, or |
• | the Company is or has been a U.S. real property holding corporation at any time within the five-year period preceding the disposition or the non-U.S. holder's holding period, whichever period is shorter, and its common stock has ceased to be traded on an established securities market prior to the beginning of the calendar year in which the sale or disposition occurs. |
The Company believes that it is not, and does not anticipate becoming, a U.S. real property holding corporation.
Federal Estate Tax
An individual non-U.S. holder who is treated as the owner of, or has made certain lifetime transfers of, an interest in the common stock will be required to include the value of the stock in his
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gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, and may be subject to U.S. federal estate tax, unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Information returns may be filed with the IRS in connection with payments of dividends on the common stock and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of the common stock. A U.S. holder may be subject to United States backup withholding tax on these payments if it fails to provide its taxpayer identification number to the paying agent and comply with certification procedures or otherwise establish an exemption from backup withholding. A non-U.S. holder may be subject to United States backup withholding tax on these payments unless the non-U.S. holder complies with certification procedures to establish that it is not a U.S. person. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment will be allowed as a credit against the holder's U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. Future sales of substantial amounts of common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of the common stock. Furthermore, because only a limited number of shares will be available for sale shortly after this offering due to existing contractual and legal restrictions on resale as described below, there may be sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after the restrictions lapse. This could adversely affect the prevailing market price and our ability to raise equity capital in the future. Upon completion of this offering, there will be 30,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding. In addition, up to 625,000 shares of common stock underlying the restricted stock units may be issued. Of the shares of common stock outstanding, 5,000,000 shares of common stock sold in this offering will be freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933. Of the remaining shares of common stock outstanding:
• | 25,000,000 shares will be held by our managing directors and their affiliated entities, which will be transferable beginning five years after the date of the consummation of this offering, unless Greenhill effects an underwritten public offering to sell these shares as described in "Management—Transfer Rights Agreements". Furthermore, upon a termination of a managing director's employment due to his or her death or disability, such managing director or his or her heirs or estate will be permitted to sell covered shares in compliance with Rule 144, regardless of when such termination of employment occurred. All shares held by our managing directors will also be subject to the underwriters' lock-up described in "Underwriting"; |
• | 625,000 shares of common stock underlying the restricted stock units generally will be deliverable in equal installments on or about the first, second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the date of the consummation of this offering, although the common stock may be deliverable earlier in the event of the occurrence of a change in control, as described in "Management—The Employee Initial Public Offering Awards"; and |
• | 9,220,490 shares of common stock held by Robert F. Greenhill through his affiliated entities, Lord James Blyth and Harvey R. Miller will be subject to the underwriters' lock-up described in "Underwriting" and will be eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 after two years. |
The shares of common stock received by the persons who were members of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Greenhill & Co. International LLP will constitute "restricted securities" for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933. As a result, absent registration under the Securities Act of 1933 or compliance with Rule 144 thereunder or an exemption therefrom, these shares of common stock will not be freely transferable to the public.
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated), including an affiliate, who beneficially owns "restricted securities" may not sell those securities until they have been beneficially owned for at least one year. Thereafter, the person would be entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:
• | 1% of the number of shares of common stock then outstanding (which will equal approximately 300,000 shares immediately after this offering); or |
• | the average weekly trading volume of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing with the SEC of a notice on the SEC's Form 144 with respect to such sale. |
Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain other requirements regarding the manner of sale, notice and availability of current public information about Greenhill.
Under Rule 144(k), a person who is not, and has not been at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale, an affiliate of Greenhill and who has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least two years (including the holding period of any prior owner except an affiliate) is entitled to sell such shares without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144.
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UNDERWRITING
The Company and the underwriters named below have entered into an underwriting agreement with respect to the shares being offered. Subject to certain conditions, each underwriter has severally agreed to purchase the number of shares indicated in the following table. Goldman, Sachs & Co. is the representative of the underwriters.
Underwriters | Number of Shares | |||||
Goldman, Sachs & Co. | ||||||
Lehman Brothers Inc. | ||||||
UBS Securities LLC | ||||||
Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc. | ||||||
Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC | ||||||
Total | 5,000,000 | |||||
The underwriters are committed to take and pay for all of the shares being offered, if any are taken, other than the shares covered by the option described below unless and until this option is exercised.
If the underwriters sell more shares than the total number set forth in the table above, the underwriters have an option to buy up to an additional 750,000 shares from the Company. They may exercise that option for 30 days. If any shares are purchased pursuant to this option, the underwriters will severally purchase shares in approximately the same proportion as set forth in the table above.
The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid to the underwriters by the Company. Such amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase 750,000 additional shares.
Paid by the Company | No Exercise | Full Exercise | ||||||||
Per Share | $ | $ | ||||||||
Total | $ | $ | ||||||||
Shares sold by the underwriters to the public will initially be offered at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus. Any shares sold by the underwriters to securities dealers may be sold at a discount of up to $ per share from the initial public offering price. Any such securities dealers may resell any shares purchased from the underwriters to certain other brokers or dealers at a discount of up to $ per share from the initial public offering price. If all the shares are not sold at the initial public offering price, the representative may change this offering price and the other selling terms.
Each of the Company, its directors and officers and all of its stockholders has agreed with the underwriters not to dispose of or hedge any of their common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock during the period from the date of this prospectus continuing through a date that is not less than 180 days nor more than 210 days after the date of this prospectus, except with the prior written consent of Goldman, Sachs & Co. This agreement does not apply to the shares of common stock underlying any of the restricted stock units or accounts in the deferred equity plan, in each case received by non-managing directors of the Company. See "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for a discussion of certain transfer restrictions.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the shares. The initial public offering price will be negotiated between the Company and the representative. Among the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price of the shares, in addition to prevailing market conditions, will be the Company's historical performance, estimates of the business potential and earnings prospects of the Company, an assessment of the Company's management and the consideration of the above factors in relation to market valuation of companies in related businesses.
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An application has been made to list the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "GHL". In order to meet one of the requirements for listing the common stock on the NYSE, the underwriters have undertaken to sell lots of 100 or more shares to a minimum of 2,000 beneficial holders.
In connection with this offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell shares of common stock in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover positions created by short sales. Shorts sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares than they are required to purchase in this offering. "Covered" short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares in this offering. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their option to purchase additional shares or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase additional shares pursuant to the option granted to them. "Naked" short sales are any sales in excess of such option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of common stock made by the underwriters in the open market prior to the completion of this offering.
The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discount received by it because the representative has repurchased shares sold by or for the account of such underwriter in stabilizing or short covering transactions.
Purchases to cover a short position and stabilizing transactions may have the effect of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the Company's stock, and together with the imposition of the penalty bid, may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the common stock. As a result, the price of the common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If these activities are commenced, they may be discontinued at any time. These transactions may be effected on the New York Stock Exchange, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
Each underwriter has represented, warranted and agreed that: (i) it has not offered or sold and, prior to the expiry of a period of six months from the closing date, will not offer or sell any shares to persons in the United Kingdom except to persons whose ordinary activities involve them in acquiring, holding, managing or disposing of investments (as principal or agent) for the purposes of their businesses or otherwise in circumstances which have not resulted and will not result in an offer to the public in the United Kingdom within the meaning of the Public Offers of Securities Regulations 1995; (ii) it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated any invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 ("FSMA")) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of any shares in circumstances in which section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to the Company; and (iii) it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the shares in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.
The shares may not be offered or sold, transferred or delivered, as part of their initial distribution or at any time thereafter, directly or indirectly, to any individual or legal entity in the Netherlands other than to individuals or legal entities who or which trade or invest in securities in the conduct of their profession or trade, which includes banks, securities intermediaries, insurance companies, pension funds, other institutional investors and commercial enterprises which, as an ancillary activity, regularly trade or invest in securities.
The shares may not be offered or sold by means of any document other than to persons whose ordinary business is to buy or sell shares or debentures, whether as principal or agent, or in
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circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong, and no advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares may be issued, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to "professional investors" within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) of Hong Kong and any rules made thereunder.
This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation or subscription or purchase, of the shares may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the shares be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than under circumstances in which such offer, sale or invitation does not constitute an offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the shares to the public in Singapore.
Each underwriter has acknowledged and agreed that the shares have not been registered under the Securities and Exchange Law of Japan and are not being offered or sold and may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to or for the account of any resident of Japan, except (1) pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities and Exchange Law of Japan and (ii) in compliance with any other applicable requirements of Japanese law. As part of this offering, the underwriters may offer the shares in Japan to a list of 49 offerees in accordance with the above provisions.
Because the shares are being offered by the Company, a parent of an NASD member, the offering will be made in compliance with the applicable provisions of Rule 2720 of the Conduct Rules of the NASD. That rule requires that the initial public offering price can be no higher than that recommended by a "qualified independent underwriter," as defined by the NASD. Goldman, Sachs & Co. has served in that capacity and performed due diligence investigations and reviewed and participated in the preparation of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
The underwriters will not be permitted to sell shares in this offering to accounts over which the underwriters exercise discretionary authority without the prior written approval of the customer. The underwriters do not expect sales to discretionary accounts to exceed five percent of the total number of shares offered.
The Company estimates that the total expenses payable in connection with this offering and the related transactions, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $4.0 million.
The Company has agreed to indemnify the several underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.
Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates have been, from time to time, retained as underwriters for securities offerings of certain portfolio companies in which Greenhill or its affiliates hold minority equity interests and may in the future perform various financial advisory and investment banking services for the Company, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses. The Company has also in the past performed financial advisory services for Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., the parent company of Lehman Brothers Inc., one of the underwriters in this offering, for which the Company received customary fees and expenses.
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VALIDITY OF COMMON STOCK
The validity of the shares of common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for Greenhill & Co., Inc. by Davis Polk & Wardwell, New York, New York, and for the underwriters by Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Greenhill as of December 31, 2002 and 2003 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003 included in this prospectus have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent accountants, as stated in their reports appearing herein, and have been so included in reliance on the reports of said firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
Except as otherwise indicated, all amounts with respect to the volume, number and market share of mergers and acquisitions transactions and related ranking information included in this prospectus have been derived from information compiled and classified by Thomson Financial.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or SEC, in Washington, DC, a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the common stock offered hereby. For further information with respect to Greenhill and its common stock, reference is made to the registration statement and the exhibits and any schedules filed therewith. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete and in each instance, if such contract or document is filed as an exhibit, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. A copy of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto, may be read and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, from which interested persons can electronically access the registration statement, including the exhibits and any schedules thereto. The registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto, are also available for reading and copying at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the full informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We will fulfill our obligations with respect to such requirements by filing periodic reports and other information with the SEC. We intend to furnish our shareholders with annual reports containing consolidated financial statements certified by an independent public accounting firm. We also maintain an Internet site at http://www.greenhill-co.com. Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto shall not be deemed to be incorporated into this prospectus or the registration statement of which it forms a part.
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Auditors | F-2 | |||||
Consolidated Financial Statements | ||||||
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition | F-3 | |||||
Consolidated Statements of Income | F-4 | |||||
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Members' Equity | F-5 | |||||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | F-6 | |||||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-7 | |||||
F-1
Report of Independent Auditors
The Executive
Committee and Members of
Greenhill & Co. Holdings,
LLC
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2002 and 2003, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in members' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2002 and 2003, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
New York, New York
March 9,
2004
F-2
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
As of December 31,
2002 | 2003 | |||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 17,939,073 | $ | 26,598,643 | ||||||
Financial advisory fees receivable | 30,503,077 | 16,397,989 | ||||||||
Taxes receivable | 1,961,980 | 438,483 | ||||||||
Other receivables | 1,533,153 | 559,673 | ||||||||
Current Assets | 51,937,283 | 43,994,788 | ||||||||
Property and equipment, net | 10,656,304 | 8,243,141 | ||||||||
Investments | 314,578 | 6,542,925 | ||||||||
Due from affiliates | 876,140 | 325,771 | ||||||||
Other assets | 9,310 | 1,531,373 | ||||||||
Total Assets | $ | 63,793,615 | $ | 60,637,998 | ||||||
Liabilities and Members' Equity | ||||||||||
Compensation payable | $ | 10,320,967 | $ | 11,898,637 | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 2,791,531 | 3,169,294 | ||||||||
Taxes payable | 1,250,000 | 1,640,368 | ||||||||
Revolving Bank Loan | — | 1,500,000 | ||||||||
Total Liabilities | 14,362,498 | 18,208,299 | ||||||||
Minority interest in net assets of subsidiary | 7,758,429 | 10,172,447 | ||||||||
Members' Equity | 41,672,688 | 32,257,252 | ||||||||
Total Liabilities and Members' Equity | $ | 63,793,615 | $ | 60,637,998 | ||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
Years Ended December 31,
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||
Financial advisory fees | $ | 95,300,121 | $ | 107,455,218 | $ | 121,334,310 | ||||||||
Merchant banking revenue | 3,834,227 | 4,851,200 | 4,949,617 | |||||||||||
Interest income | 829,284 | 301,490 | 395,299 | |||||||||||
Total Revenues | 99,963,632 | 112,607,908 | 126,679,226 | |||||||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||||
Employee compensation and benefits | 20,935,188 | 18,085,393 | 22,088,501 | |||||||||||
Managing Director compensation | 25,492,558 | 1,391,225 | 5,005,283 | |||||||||||
Occupancy and equipment rental | 3,448,785 | 3,808,812 | 4,424,616 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,626,254 | 3,429,204 | 3,419,394 | |||||||||||
Information services | 2,125,189 | 2,290,431 | 2,609,188 | |||||||||||
Professional fees | 2,407,239 | 2,097,206 | 2,119,590 | |||||||||||
Travel related expenses | 3,225,698 | 2,163,504 | 3,122,068 | |||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 3,905,590 | 3,529,590 | 3,229,963 | |||||||||||
Total Expenses | 65,166,501 | 36,795,365 | 46,018,603 | |||||||||||
Income before Tax and Minority Interest | 34,797,131 | 75,812,543 | 80,660,623 | |||||||||||
Minority interest in net income of subsidiary | — | 17,648,756 | 32,223,453 | |||||||||||
Income before Tax | 34,797,131 | 58,163,787 | 48,437,170 | |||||||||||
Provision (benefit) for taxes | (187,194 | ) | 346,737 | 3,036,677 | ||||||||||
Net Income | $ | 34,984,325 | $ | 57,817,050 | $ | 45,400,493 | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Members' Equity
Years Ended December 31,
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||
Members' equity, beginning of year | $ | 33,885,895 | $ | 52,097,358 | $ | 41,672,688 | ||||||||
Contributed capital | — | 22,500 | — | |||||||||||
Comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||
Net income | 34,984,325 | 57,817,050 | 45,400,493 | |||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (441,746 | ) | 533,092 | 854,142 | ||||||||||
Comprehensive income | 34,542,579 | 58,350,142 | 46,254,635 | |||||||||||
Distributions | (16,331,116 | ) | (68,797,312 | ) | (55,670,071 | ) | ||||||||
Members' equity, end of year | $ | 52,097,358 | $ | 41,672,688 | $ | 32,257,252 | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31,
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||
Operating Activities: | ||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 34,984,325 | $ | 57,817,050 | $ | 45,400,493 | ||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||
Non-cash items included in net income: | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,626,254 | 3,429,204 | 3,419,394 | |||||||||||
(Gains) losses on investments | 885,653 | (145,918 | ) | 780 | ||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
Financial advisory fees receivable | (20,483,567 | ) | (550,232 | ) | 14,105,088 | |||||||||
Due from affiliates | (714,699 | ) | (107,573 | ) | 550,369 | |||||||||
Taxes receivable | (1,804,466 | ) | 2,047,253 | 1,523,497 | ||||||||||
Other receivables | (1,527,064 | ) | (6,089 | ) | 973,480 | |||||||||
Other assets | 339,524 | 53,861 | (1,522,063 | ) | ||||||||||
Compensation payable | 13,244,194 | (22,579,464 | ) | 1,577,670 | ||||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 681,897 | (1,680,593 | ) | 377,763 | ||||||||||
Minority interest in net assets of subsidiary | — | 7,758,429 | 2,414,018 | |||||||||||
Taxes payable | 699,340 | 392,888 | 390,368 | |||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 29,931,391 | 46,428,816 | 69,210,857 | |||||||||||
Investing Activities: | ||||||||||||||
Purchase of investment | (753,291 | ) | (27,659 | ) | (6,711,610 | ) | ||||||||
Distribution from investments | 200,000 | — | 482,483 | |||||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment | (2,918,806 | ) | (722,445 | ) | (924,117 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from restructuring of GCI | — | 727,300 | — | |||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (3,472,097 | ) | (22,804 | ) | (7,153,244 | ) | ||||||||
Financing Activities: | ||||||||||||||
Proceeds of revolving bank debt | — | — | 1,500,000 | |||||||||||
Capital contributions from members | — | 22,500 | — | |||||||||||
Distributions to members | (16,331,116 | ) | (68,797,312 | ) | (55,670,071 | ) | ||||||||
Cash used in financing activities | (16,331,116 | ) | (68,774,812 | ) | (54,170,071 | ) | ||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (441,746 | ) | 422,863 | 772,028 | ||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 9,686,432 | (21,945,937 | ) | 8,659,570 | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year | 30,198,578 | 39,885,010 | 17,939,073 | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year | $ | 39,885,010 | $ | 17,939,073 | $ | 26,598,643 | ||||||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | ||||||||||||||
Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds | $ | 359,227 | $ | 329,954 | $ | 1,238,770 | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
Greenhill
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
Note 1 — Organization
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC ("Holdings"), a New York limited liability company, is a holding company that was formed as of January 1, 2002, and together with its subsidiaries (collectively the "Company"), is an independent investment banking firm. The Company has clients located throughout the world, with offices located in New York, London and Frankfurt.
The Company's activities as an investment banking firm constitutes a single business segment, with two principal sources of revenue:
• | Financial advisory, which includes advice on mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters; and |
• | Merchant banking, which includes the management of outside capital invested in the Company's merchant banking fund, Greenhill Capital Partners ("GCP"), and the Company's principal investments in such fund. |
Effective as of January 1, 2002, the then current members of Greenhill & Co., LLC ("G&Co"), a New York limited liability company, transferred all of their limited liability company membership interests in G&Co to Holdings in exchange for the same percentage limited liability company membership interests in Holdings (the "Reorganization"). Immediately thereafter, G&Co, the sole equity member of each of Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC ("GFM"), a Delaware limited liability company, Greenhill Aviation Co., LLC ("GAC"), a New York limited liability company and Greenhill & Co. Europe Limited ("GCE"), a United Kingdom company, transferred to Holdings its limited liability company membership interests in each of GFM, GAC and GCE, and as a result, GFM, GAC and GCE became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Holdings.
G&Co is a registered broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is registered with the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. G&Co is engaged in the investment banking business principally in North America.
GCE is a U.K. based holding company. GCE controls Greenhill & Co. International LLP ("GCI"), through its controlling membership interest. GCI is engaged in investment banking activities, principally in Europe, and is subject to regulation by the Financial Services Authority ("FSA"). In addition, GCE has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Greenhill & Co. GmbH ("GmbH"), which operates in Germany and provides corporate advisory services to both G&Co and GCI.
Prior to the Reorganization, G&Co and its subsidiaries wholly-owned all assets and liabilities of the Company. G&Co's wholly-owned subsidiary, GCE, transacted in investment banking activity in Europe as an FSA regulated entity. G&Co wholly-owned GFM, which provides managerial and administrative services to GCP.
GCP is a private equity fund that invests in a diversified portfolio of private equity and equity related investments. The firms in which GCP has invested engage in business activities in North America and Western Europe. As of December 31, 2003, Holdings has a non-controlling interest in the general partner of GCP and also holds direct limited partnership interests in GCP. GCP investors also include Managing Directors of the Company, employees of the Company and third parties. The Company does not have a controlling interest in GCP.
GAC owns and operates an aircraft, which is used for the exclusive benefit of the Company's employees and Holding's Members.
Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles Of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company include all consolidated accounts of Holdings and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling interest, including GCI, after
F-7
Greenhill
& Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
(continued)
eliminations of all significant inter-company accounts and transactions. For these purposes, control is determined by a voting interest of greater than 50% of the voting interests.
Minority Interest
As a result of the Reorganization, the interests in GCI held directly by the U.K. Managing Directors are represented as minority interests in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Financial Advisory Fees
The Company recognizes advisory fee revenue when the services related to the underlying transactions are completed in accordance with the terms of its engagement letters. Retainer fees are recognized as advisory fee income over the period in which the related service is rendered.
The Company's clients reimburse certain expenses incurred by the Company in the conduct of investment advisory engagements. Expenses are reported net of such client reimbursements. For the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, client reimbursements totaled $2,676,677, $4,405,997 and $2,648,877, respectively.
Merchant Banking Revenues
Merchant banking revenue consists of (i) management fees on the Company's merchant banking activities, (ii) gains (or losses) on investments in the Company's investment in merchant banking funds and other principal investment activities, and (iii) merchant banking profit overrides.
Management fees earned from the Company's merchant banking activities are recognized over the period of related service.
The Company recognizes revenue on investments in its merchant banking funds based on its allocable share of gains (or losses) reported by such investment.
The Company will recognize merchant banking overrides when certain financial returns are achieved over the life of the fund. Overrides are calculated as a percentage of the profits earned by each fund. Future underperformance by the fund may require amounts previously earned as overrides to be returned to the funds. Accordingly, merchant banking overrides are recognized as revenue only after material contingencies have been resolved. The Company has not earned any merchant banking overrides to date.
Investments
The Company's investments in merchant banking funds are recorded at estimated fair value based upon the Company's proportionate share of the changes in the fair value of the underlying merchant banking fund's net assets. Investments primarily include investments in GCP and Barrow Street.
Members' Equity
The Senior Executive Profit Sharing Agreement ("SEPA") dated as of January 1, 2002, as amended as of January 1, 2003, specifies the manner of allocation of global operating income as well as providing for distributions to the Members (including LLP interests owned by the U.K. Managing Directors represented as minority interests). The governance of the Company is set forth in the Operating Agreement of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC dated as of January 1, 2002.
Prior to the Reorganization, G&Co's Amended and Restated Operating Agreement, dated as of January 1, 1999 and amended as of January 1, 2001, among other matters, specified the manner of allocation of operating profits and loss as well as providing for distributions to the Members (including the distribution of compensation to the U.K. Managing Directors).
F-8
Greenhill
& Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
(continued)
Through the SEPA and other operating agreements, the U.S. and U.K. members operate under common governance and economic participation. However, these consolidated financial statements present the entity's legal form, and as such, the interests held by the U.K. Members directly in GCI are recorded as minority interest.
Property And Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed principally by the accelerated method over the life of the assets, which range from three to seven years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed by the straight-line method over the lesser of the life of the asset or the term of the lease.
Provision For Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes incurred in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes".
Holdings has elected to be treated as a pass-through entity for tax purposes and all items of income and expense flow through to its Members. Holding's Members are not personally liable for any indebtedness, liability or obligation of the Company. U.S. federal and state income taxes payable by the Members, based on their respective share of the Company's net income, have not been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Holdings is liable for local unincorporated business tax on business conducted in New York City, and income tax on current income realized by certain foreign subsidiaries.
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign currency assets and liabilities have been translated at rates of exchange prevailing at the end of the periods presented. Income and expenses transacted in foreign currency have been translated at average monthly exchange rates during the period. Translation gains and losses are included in the foreign currency translation adjustment included as a component of other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of changes in members' equity.
Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents on deposit with various financial institutions to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution or lender. At December 31, 2002 and 2003, the carrying value of the Company's financial instruments approximated fair value.
Use Of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions regarding investment valuations, compensation accruals and other matters that affect the consolidated financial statements and related footnote disclosures. Management believes that the estimates used in preparing its consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Accounting Developments
In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Interpretation No. 46 ("FIN 46"), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs"). In December 2003, the FASB issued a
F-9
Greenhill
& Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
(continued)
revised version of FIN 46 ("FIN 46-R") in an effort to clarify the application of FIN 46. The Interpretations define variable interests and specify the circumstances under which consolidation of entities will be dependent on such interests. The provisions of FIN 46 were effective after January 31, 2003 for all newly acquired or created interests in VIEs and as of December 31, 2003 for all interests in VIEs existing and owned prior to January 31, 2003. For public entities, FIN 46-R is effective for all interests in VIEs as of the end of the first reporting period ending after March 15, 2004. However, early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating whether the general partner of GCP meets the definition of a VIE and it is possible that the Company would be required to consolidate this entity into its financial statements on March 31, 2004. If the general partner of GCP were consolidated into the financial statements, the Company expects its revenues and expenses would increase in equal measure; however, the Company does not expect any impact from that consolidation to its net income. While the provisions of FIN 46-R may have an impact on the Company's accounting for its future business relationships, they will not have an impact on these historic consolidated financial statements.
Note 3 — Investments
GCP
For the year ended December 31, 2003, merchant banking revenue includes losses related to the Company's investment in GCP of $433,316. The Company earned $4,719,880, $4,705,282 and $4,950,397 in management fees from GCP for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. No merchant banking overrides were earned during such periods.
In 2003, the Company purchased limited partner interests in GCP from outside investors with a carrying value of $5,855,347 at December 31, 2003. As part of these investments, the Company assumed an outstanding commitment to GCP of $3.9 million. The aggregate investments made by the Company in GCP represented less than a 3% equity interest in GCP at December 31, 2003.
The Company has an investment in GCP, L.P. ("GP"), the general partner of GCP, with carrying values of $85,257 and $125,721 at December 31, 2002 and 2003, respectively. This investment represents approximately a 5% equity interest in the GP. The remaining 95% equity interest in the GP is owned directly by Holding's Managing Directors.
Investments held by GCP are recorded at estimated fair value. Investments are initially carried at cost as an approximation of fair value. The carrying value of such investments is adjusted when changes in the underlying fair values are readily determinable. Public investments are valued using quoted market prices discounted for any restrictions on sale. Privately held investments are carried at estimated fair value as determined by the GP after giving consideration to the cost of the security, the pricing of other private placements of the portfolio company, the price of securities of other companies comparable to the portfolio company, purchase multiples paid in other comparable third-party transactions, the original purchase price multiple, market conditions, liquidity, operating results and other financial data.
Summarized financial information for GCP is as follows:
As of December 31, | ||||||||||
2002 | 2003 | |||||||||
Portfolio Investments | $ | 120,522,355 | $ | 189,371,219 | ||||||
Total Assets | 138,236,195 | 221,652,656 | ||||||||
Total Liabilities | 284,060 | 87,660 | ||||||||
Partners' Capital | 137,952,135 | 221,564,996 | ||||||||
F-10
Greenhill
& Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
(continued)
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | $ | (13,032,452 | ) | $ | (2,500,537 | ) | $ | 5,092,356 | ||||||
Investment income | 1,252,553 | 715,777 | 836,723 | |||||||||||
Expenses | 5,037,169 | 5,139,201 | 4,776,968 | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (16,817,068 | ) | $ | (6,923,961 | ) | $ | 1,152,111 | ||||||
Barrow Street
The Company has a 50% member interest in Barrow Street Capital LLC ("Barrow Street"), a real estate investment management company (see Note 4). Barrow Street was formed to act as the managing member, investment advisor and general partner in various real estate ventures. The Company does not have control of Barrow Street, as the Company does not have a majority voting or economic interest. The Company has veto rights over most significant management and investment decisions with respect to Barrow Street, although the Company cannot force a management change. The investment in Barrow Street had a carrying value of $229,321 and $561,857 at December 31, 2002 and 2003, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, merchant banking revenue includes gains (or losses) related to the Company's investment in Barrow Street of ($635,372), $145,918 and $432,536, respectively.
Note 4 — Related Parties
At December 31, 2002 and 2003, the Company had a receivable of $202,793 and $66,603 due from GCP relating to expense reimbursements, which is included in due from affiliates.
Included in expenses for the year ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, are reimbursements of $219,572, $264,724 and $283,631 for office space sublet by Barrow Street and reimbursements for the use of the Company's other facilities and participation in the Company's health care plans. At December 31, 2002 and 2003, the Company had $660,427 and $234,148 in rent and leasehold improvement receivables for office space sublet to Barrow Street and other obligations incurred by Barrow Street, which is also included in due from affiliates.
In addition, during 2001, 2002 and 2003, the Company paid $124,420, $184,660 and $10,176 for the use of aircraft owned by an executive of the Company. Included in occupancy and equipment rental expense for 2003, is a rent reimbursement for $23,400 for airplane and office space sublet by a firm owned by an executive of the Company.
Note 5 — Property And Equipment
Property and equipment consist of the following:
As of December 31, | ||||||||||
2002 | 2003 | |||||||||
Aircraft | $ | 15,924,525 | $ | 16,270,719 | ||||||
Equipment | 4,018,702 | 4,545,232 | ||||||||
Furniture and Fixtures | 2,310,943 | 2,357,041 | ||||||||
Leasehold improvements | 6,919,541 | 6,924,835 | ||||||||
29,173,711 | 30,097,827 | |||||||||
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 18,517,407 | 21,854,686 | ||||||||
$ | 10,656,304 | $ | 8,243,141 | |||||||
F-11
Greenhill
& Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
(continued)
Note 6 — Income Taxes
The Company's provision (benefit) for taxes for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 is comprised of the following components:
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||
New York City UBT | $ | 1,312,806 | $ | 2,326,737 | $ | 1,445,258 | ||||||||
Foreign tax | (1,500,000 | ) | (1,980,000 | ) | 1,591,419 | |||||||||
Provision (benefit) for taxes | $ | (187,194 | ) | $ | 346,737 | $ | 3,036,677 | |||||||
For 2003, the foreign tax provision primarily relates to the Company's share of earnings from GCI. The 2002 foreign tax benefit resulted primarily from refundable income taxes of approximately $2.0 million. In 2001, the foreign tax benefit resulted primarily from an available carryback of foreign jurisdiction net operating losses.
Note 7 — Revolving Bank Loan Facility
On December 31, 2003, Holdings obtained from a U.S. commercial bank an unsecured $16,000,000 revolving loan facility to provide for working capital needs, facilitate the funding of short-term investments and other general corporate purposes. Interest on borrowings is based on LIBOR plus 2.50 percent or, at the Company's option, the prime rate. Generally, interest is payable monthly. The revolving bank loan facility matures on June 30, 2005. In addition, at least annually, the Company must repay all loans borrowed under the facility, and it may not borrow again under the facility for a 30-day period following repayment.
At December 31, 2003, there were borrowings of $1,500,000 against the facility outstanding, maturing within one year. A loan fee of $80,000 was paid upon closing the revolving bank loan facility, and is included in Other Assets. The loan fee will be amortized ratably over the life of the facility.
Note 8 — Members' Equity
The Members of Holdings are the current U.S. Managing Directors of the Company or their related entities. The Members are not employees of the Company. The Company distributes current profits, net of amounts retained for working capital, investments and other corporate purposes, to the Members on a regular basis.
Note 9 — Retirement Plan
In the U.S., the Company sponsors a qualified defined contribution plan (the "Retirement Plan") covering all eligible employees of G&Co. Employees must be 21 years old to be eligible to participate. The Retirement Plan provides for both employee contributions in accordance with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, and employer discretionary profit sharing contributions, subject to statutory limits.
Participants may contribute up to 50% of eligible compensation, as defined. The Company provides matching contributions up to $1,000 per employee. The Company incurred costs of approximately $249,000, $262,000 and $272,000 for contributions to the Retirement Plan for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. The assets of the Retirement Plan are invested in various equity security funds, U.S. government security funds and money market funds, at the discretion of the employee. At December 31, 2002 and 2003, compensation payable included $262,040 and $272,595, respectively, related to contributions to the Retirement Plan.
GCI also operates a defined contribution pension fund for its employees. The assets of the pension fund are held separately in an independently administered fund. GCI incurred costs of approximately
F-12
Greenhill
& Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
(continued)
$256,000, $291,000 and $392,000 for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. At December 31, 2003, compensation payable included $75,578 related to UK pension fund contributions. There was no compensation payable related to UK pension fund contributions at December 31, 2002.
Note 10 — Commitments
The Company has entered into certain leases for office space under non-cancelable operating lease agreements that expire on various dates through 2013. The Company has also entered into various operating leases, which are used to obtain office equipment. During 2003, the Company assumed a non-cancelable operating lease agreement for additional office space from a third party; this lease expires July 31, 2010. Under this assumed lease, the third party owes the Company a portion of the monthly lease payment. Over the life of the assumed lease, the third party owes the Company approximately $2.3 million, of which $107,369 was owed at December 31, 2003. This receivable is secured with a letter of credit issued on behalf of the third party in the amount of $1 million.
As of December 31, 2003, the approximate aggregate minimum future rental payments required were as follows:
2004 | $ | 4,404,000 | ||||||||
2005 | 4,374,000 | |||||||||
2006 | 4,253,000 | |||||||||
2007 | 4,177,000 | |||||||||
2008 | 4,213,000 | |||||||||
Thereafter | 7,839,000 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 29,260,000 | ||||||||
Net rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 was approximately $3.4 million, $3.2 million and $3.4 million, respectively.
A diversified U.S. financial institution issued two unsecured letters of credit on behalf of the Company in the amounts of $1,944,740 and $290,000 at December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2003 for the benefit of a lessor. In 2003, the Company obtained an additional unsecured letter of credit for the benefit of a lessor, in the amount of $1,446,667 from a diversified U.S. financial institution to secure a lease for additional office space. At December 31, 2002 and 2003, no amounts had been drawn under any of the letters of credit.
At December 31, 2003, the Company has commitments to invest up to $3.9 million in GCP. These commitments primarily will be funded as required through June 2005, the end of GCP's investment period.
Note 11 — Regulatory Requirements
Certain subsidiaries of Holdings are subject to various regulatory requirements in the United States and United Kingdom, which specify, among other requirements, minimum net capital requirements for registered broker-dealers.
G&Co is subject to the Securities and Exchange Commission's Uniform Net Capital requirements under Rule 15c3-1 (the "Rule"), which specifies, among other requirements, minimum net capital requirements for registered broker-dealers. The Rule requires G&Co to maintain a minimum net capital of the greater of $5,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. As of December 31, 2002 and 2003, G&Co's net capital was $2,550,754 and $7,766,998, which exceeded its requirement by $1,703,511 and $7,137,450, respectively. G&Co's aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio was 4.98 to 1 and 1.22 to 1 at December 31, 2002 and 2003. Certain advances, distributions and other capital withdrawals of G&Co are subject to certain notifications and restriction provisions of the Rule.
F-13
Greenhill
& Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
(continued)
GCI, a registered UK broker-dealer, is subject to capital requirements of the FSA. As of December 31, 2002 and 2003, GCI was in compliance with its local capital adequacy requirements.
Note 12 — Business Information
The Company's activities as an investment banking firm constitutes a single business segment, with two principal sources of revenue:
• | Financial advisory, which includes advice on mergers, acquisitions, restructuring and similar corporate finance matters; and |
• | Merchant banking, which includes the management of outside capital invested in GCP and the Company's principal investments in such fund. |
The Company has historically earned its revenues almost exclusively from advisory fees earned from clients in large part upon the successful completion of the client's transaction or restructuring. Financial advisory revenues represented approximately 95.3%, 95.4% and 95.8%, of the Company's total revenues in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.
The Company had one client in 2003 that individually accounted for approximately 17.3% of total revenue. The Company's revenues attributable to this client related to an engagement similar in nature to all of the Company's other advisory engagements.
The Company's financial advisory and merchant banking activities are closely aligned and have similar economic characteristics. The same client and other relationships upon which the Company relies for financial advisory opportunities also generate merchant banking opportunities. In addition, the Company's professionals and employees are treated as a common pool of available resources and the related compensation and other Company costs are not directly attributable to either particular revenue source. In reporting to management, the Company distinguishes the sources of it's investment banking revenues between financial advisory and merchant banking. However, management does not prepare, report or analyze other financial data or operating results such as operating expenses, profit and loss or assets by it's financial advisory and merchant banking activities.
Since the financial markets are global in nature, the Company generally manages its business based on the operating results of the enterprise taken as whole, not by geographic region. The Company's investment banking activities are conducted out of its offices in New York, London and Frankfurt. For reporting purposes, the geographic regions are the locations in which the Company retains its employees, the United States and Europe.
The following table presents information about the Company by geographic region, after elimination of all significant inter-company accounts and transactions:
F-14
Greenhill
& Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
(continued)
As of or for the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||
Total Revenues: | ||||||||||||||
United States | $ | 75,479,440 | $ | 84,079,550 | $ | 76,484,257 | ||||||||
Europe | 24,484,192 | 28,528,358 | 50,194,969 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 99,963,632 | $ | 112,607,908 | $ | 126,679,226 | ||||||||
Income before Minority Interest and Tax | ||||||||||||||
United States | $ | 39,732,098 | $ | 57,867,460 | $ | 43,053,471 | ||||||||
Europe | (4,934,967 | ) | 17,945,083 | 37,607,152 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 34,797,131 | $ | 75,812,543 | $ | 80,660,623 | ||||||||
Total Assets | ||||||||||||||
United States | $ | 61,828,111 | $ | 50,688,612 | $ | 33,892,139 | ||||||||
Europe | 28,498,914 | 13,105,003 | 26,745,859 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 90,327,025 | $ | 63,793,615 | $ | 60,637,998 | ||||||||
Note 13 — Subsequent Events
In 2004, Holdings purchased for $2.3 million additional limited partnership interests in GCP from an outside investor. As part of this investment, Holdings assumed an outstanding commitment to GCP of $1.4 million. In addition, on January 1, 2004, Holdings assumed outstanding funding commitments to GCP of $15 million from Managing Directors of the Company.
In 2004, 50% of the GCP profit overrides for investments made in 2004, if any, will be allocated to the Company, and 50% will be allocated to the individual Managing Directors. In conjunction with this change, the Company is in the process of becoming the controlling entity through a general partner that will be responsible for all GCP matters other than those relating to investments made by GCP prior to 2004. The Managing Directors will individually retain the profit overrides, if any, for investments made prior to 2004.
The Company is contemplating an initial public offering. If an initial public offering by the Company does occur, the Company also plans to consummate a number of reorganization transactions, which would convert the capital structure of the Company from a limited liability company to corporate form. The reorganization transactions would be consummated on the closing date of the initial public offering and would also include, if necessary, the distribution by the Company to its members of any undistributed earnings up to such closing date.
F-15
No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||||||
Prospectus Summary | 1 | |||||
Summary Consolidated Financial Data | 4 | |||||
The Offering | 6 | |||||
Risk Factors | 8 | |||||
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | 15 | |||||
Use of Proceeds | 17 | |||||
Dividend Policy | 17 | |||||
Dilution | 18 | |||||
Capitalization | 19 | |||||
Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information | 21 | |||||
Notes To Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information | 24 | |||||
Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data | 26 | |||||
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 30 | |||||
Business | 41 | |||||
Management | 51 | |||||
Principal Stockholders | 66 | |||||
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | 67 | |||||
Description of Capital Stock | 71 | |||||
Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations | 73 | |||||
Shares Eligible for Future Sale | 76 | |||||
Underwriting | 77 | |||||
Validity of Common Stock | 80 | |||||
Experts | 80 | |||||
Where You Can Find More Information | 80 | |||||
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-1 | |||||
Through and including , 2004 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealer's obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.
5,000,000 Shares
Greenhill & Co., Inc.
Common Stock
Goldman,
Sachs &
Co.
Lehman
Brothers
UBS
Investment
Bank
Keefe,
Bruyette &
Woods
Wachovia
Securities
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the estimated expenses payable in connection with this offering and the related transactions. Each of the amounts set forth below, other than the SEC registration fee, the NASD filing fee and the New York Stock Exchange listing fee, is an estimate.
Amount
To Be Paid |
||||||
SEC registration fee | $ | 11,656 | ||||
NASD filing fee | 9,700 | |||||
New York Stock Exchange listing fee | 150,000 | |||||
Printing and engraving expenses | 200,000 | |||||
Legal fees and expenses | 2,500,000 | |||||
Accounting fees and expenses | 500,000 | |||||
Blue Sky fees and expenses | 20,000 | |||||
Transfer agent and registrar fees | 30,000 | |||||
Miscellaneous | 578,644 | |||||
Total | $ | 4,000,000 | ||||
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions, suits or proceedings in which such person is made a party by reason of such person being or having been a director, officer, employee or agent to the Registrant. The Delaware General Corporation Law provides that Section 145 is not exclusive of other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. Article Ninth of the Registrant's Certificate of Incorporation provides for indemnification by the Registrant of its directors, officers and employees to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law.
Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law permits a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) for unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other distributions, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. The Registrant's Certificate of Incorporation provides for such limitation of liability to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law.
The Registrant maintains standard policies of insurance under which coverage is provided (a) to its directors and officers against loss rising from claims made by reason of breach of duty or other wrongful act, while acting in their capacity as directors and officers of the Registrant, and (b) to the Registrant with respect to payments which may be made by the Registrant to such officers and directors pursuant to any indemnification provision contained in the Registrant's Certificate of Incorporation or otherwise as a matter of law.
The proposed form of underwriting agreement to be filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Registration Statement provides for indemnification of directors and certain officers of the Registrant by the underwriters against certain liabilities.
II-1
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
As part of the incorporation transactions, the Registrant will enter into definitive binding agreements to issue shares of the Registrant's common stock, par value $0.01 per share, to the members of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC upon the merger of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC into Greenhill & Co., Inc. The issuance of the shares of common stock to the members of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), because the shares will have been offered and sold in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2) and Rule 506 thereunder.
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Exhibits
Exhibit
Number |
Description | |||||
1.1 | * | Form of Underwriting Agreement | ||||
2.1 | Reorganization Agreement and Plan of Merger of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC | |||||
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation | |||||
3.2 | ** | By-Laws | ||||
4.1 | Form of Common Stock Certificate | |||||
5.1 | Opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell | |||||
10.1 | Form of Greenhill & Co., Inc. Transfer Rights Agreement | |||||
10.2 | ** | Form of Greenhill & Co., Inc. Employment, Non-Competition and Pledge Agreement | ||||
10.3 | ** | Form of Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC and Greenhill & Co., Inc. Employment, Non-Competition and Pledge Agreement | ||||
10.4 | ** | Form of U.K. Non-Competition and Pledge Agreement | ||||
10.5 | ** | Equity Incentive Plan | ||||
10.6 | Form of Indemnification Agreement | |||||
10.7 | ** | Tax Indemnification Agreement | ||||
10.8 | ** | Loan Agreement (Line of Credit) dated as of December 31, 2003 between First Republic Bank and Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC | ||||
10.9 | ** | Security Agreement dated as of December 31, 2003 between Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC and First Republic Bank | ||||
10.10 | Agreement for Lease dated February 18, 2000 between TST 300 Park, L.P. and Greenhill & Co., LLC | |||||
10.11 | First Amendment of Lease dated June 15, 2000 between TST 300 Park, L.P. and Greenhill & Co., LLC | |||||
10.12 | Agreement for Lease dated April 21, 2000 between TST 300 Park, L.P. and McCarter & English, LLP | |||||
10.13 | Assignment and Assumption of Lease dated October 3, 2003 between McCarter & English, LLP and Greenhill & Co., LLC | |||||
10.14 | Sublease Agreement dated January 1, 2004 between Greenhill Aviation Co., LLC and Riversville Aircraft Corporation | |||||
10.15 | Agreement of Limited Partnership of GCP, L.P. dated as of June 29, 2000 | |||||
10.16 | GCP, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement dated as of June 27, 2000 | |||||
10.17 | Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Greenhill Capital, L.P., dated as of June 30, 2000 | |||||
10.18 | Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Greenhill Capital, L.P. dated as of March 31, 2004 | |||||
10.19 | Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of GCP Managing Partners, L.P. dated as of March 31, 2004 | |||||
10.20 | Form of Assignment and Subscription Agreement dated as of January 1, 2004 | |||||
II-2
Exhibit
Number |
Description | |||||
21.1 | ** | List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant | ||||
23.1 | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP | |||||
23.2 | Consent of Davis Polk & Wardwell (included in Exhibit 5.1) | |||||
23.3 | ** | Consent of Thomson Financial | ||||
24.1 | ** | Power of Attorney (included on signature page of initial filing) | ||||
* | To be filed by subsequent amendment. |
** | Previously filed. |
Item 17. Undertakings
(a) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
(b) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions referenced in Item 14 of this Registration Statement, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(c) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and this offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-3
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York, on the 30th day of April, 2004.
GREENHILL & CO., INC. | ||||||||||
By: | /s/ Robert F. Greenhill | |||||||||
Name: Robert
F. Greenhill
Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
||||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||
/s/ Robert F. Greenhill |
Director, Chairman
and
Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) |
April 30, 2004 | ||
Robert F. Greenhill | ||||
* | Director and Co-President | April 30, 2004 | ||
Scott L. Bok | ||||
* | Director and Co-President | April 30, 2004 | ||
Simon A. Borrows | ||||
* |
Chief
Financial Officer
(principal financial officer) |
April 30, 2004 | ||
John D. Liu | ||||
/s/ Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. |
Managing
Director—
Finance, Regulation & Operations and Chief Compliance Officer (principal acounting officer) |
April 30, 2004 | ||
Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. | ||||
*By: /s/ Robert F. Greenhill | ||||
Robert
F.
Greenhill
Attorney-in-fact |
||||
II-4
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number | Description | |||||
1.1 | * | Form of Underwriting Agreement | ||||
2.1 | Reorganization Agreement and Plan of Merger of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC | |||||
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation | |||||
3.2 | ** | By-Laws | ||||
4.1 | Form of Common Stock Certificate | |||||
5.1 | Opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell | |||||
10.1 | Form of Greenhill & Co., Inc. Transfer Rights Agreement | |||||
10.2 | ** | Form of Greenhill & Co., Inc. Employment, Non-Competition and Pledge Agreement | ||||
10.3 | ** | Form of Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC and Greenhill & Co., Inc. Employment, Non-Competition and Pledge Agreement | ||||
10.4 | ** | Form of U.K. Non-Competition and Pledge Agreement | ||||
10.5 | ** | Equity Incentive Plan | ||||
10.6 | Form of Indemnification Agreement | |||||
10.7 | ** | Tax Indemnification Agreement | ||||
10.8 | ** | Loan Agreement (Line of Credit) dated as of December 31, 2003 between First Republic Bank and Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC | ||||
10.9 | ** | Security Agreement dated as of December 31, 2003 between Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC and First Republic Bank | ||||
10.10 | Agreement for Lease dated February 18, 2000 between TST 300 Park, L.P. and Greenhill & Co., LLC | |||||
10.11 | First Amendment of Lease dated June 15, 2000 between TST 300 Park, L.P. and Greenhill & Co., LLC | |||||
10.12 | Agreement for Lease dated April 21, 2000 between TST 300 Park, L.P. and McCarter & English, LLP | |||||
10.13 | Assignment and Assumption of Lease dated October 3, 2003 between McCarter & English, LLP and Greenhill & Co., LLC | |||||
10.14 | Sublease Agreement dated January 1, 2004 between Greenhill Aviation Co., LLC and Riversville Aircraft Corporation | |||||
10.15 | Agreement of Limited Partnership of GCP, L.P. dated as of June 29, 2000 | |||||
10.16 | GCP, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement dated as of June 27, 2000 | |||||
10.17 | Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Greenhill Capital, L.P., dated as of June 30, 2000 | |||||
10.18 | Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Greenhill Capital, L.P. dated as of March 31, 2004 | |||||
10.19 | Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of GCP Managing Partner, L.P. dated as of March 31, 2004 | |||||
10.20 | Form of Assignment and Subscription Agreement dated as of January 1, 2004 | |||||
21.1 | ** | List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant | ||||
23.1 | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP | |||||
23.2 | Consent of Davis Polk & Wardwell (included in Exhibit 5.1) | |||||
23.3 | ** | Consent of Thomson Financial | ||||
24.1 | ** | Power of Attorney (included on signature page of initial filing) | ||||
* | To be filed by subsequent amendment. |
** | Previously filed. |
E-1
Exhibit 2.1 DRAFT REORGANIZATION AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER dated as of May , 2004 -- relating to GREENHILL & CO. HOLDINGS, LLC TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ---- ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS Section 1.01. Definitions..................................................2 Section 1.02. Other Definitional and Interpretative Provisions.............5 ARTICLE 2 RESTRUCTURING Section 2.01. Distribution of Global Profits and Remaining Profits.........6 Section 2.02. Transfer of GE Ltd...........................................6 Section 2.03. The Merger...................................................6 Section 2.04. Conversion of Shares.........................................7 Section 2.05. Certificate of Incorporation.................................7 Section 2.06. Bylaws.......................................................7 Section 2.07. Directors and Officers.......................................7 Section 2.08. Committee Charters...........................................7 Section 2.09. U.K. Exchange................................................7 Section 2.10. Public Offering..............................................7 Section 2.11. Closing......................................................7 ARTICLE 3 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE GREENHILL ENTITIES Section 3.01. Corporate Existence and Power................................8 Section 3.02. Corporate Authorization......................................8 Section 3.03. Governmental Authorization...................................8 Section 3.04. Noncontravention.............................................9 Section 3.05. Capitalization...............................................9 Section 3.06. No Previous Activity........................................10 ARTICLE 4 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF MEMBERS Section 4.01. Corporate Existence and Power...............................10 Section 4.02. Corporate Authorization.....................................10 Section 4.03. Governmental Authorization..................................10 Section 4.04. Noncontravention............................................10 Section 4.05. Ownership of Interests......................................11 Section 4.06. Purchase for Investment.....................................11 Section 4.07. Registration Statement......................................11 ARTICLE 5 COVENANTS OF PARTIES Section 5.01. Consent.....................................................11 Section 5.02. Cash Compensation...........................................11 Section 5.03. Release.....................................................12 Section 5.04. Best Efforts; Further Assurances............................12 Section 5.05. Termination of Certain Agreements...........................12 Section 5.06. Indemnification.............................................12 Section 5.07. Use of Proceeds.............................................14 ARTICLE 6 CONDITIONS Section 6.01. Conditions to Obligations of Each Party.....................14 Section 6.02. Conditions to the Obligations of Parent and Merger Subsidiary....................................15 Section 6.03. Conditions to the Obligations of Each Member................15 Section 6.04. Conditions to the Obligations to Consummate the U.K. Exchange........................................15 ARTICLE 7 TERMINATION Section 7.01. Termination.................................................15 Section 7.02. Effect of Termination.......................................16 ARTICLE 8 MISCELLANEOUS Section 8.01. Survival....................................................16 Section 8.02. Notices.....................................................17 Section 8.03. Amendments and Waivers......................................17 Section 8.04. Expenses....................................................18 Section 8.05. Successors and Assigns......................................18 Section 8.06. Governing Law...............................................18 Section 8.07. Jurisdiction................................................18 Section 8.08. Waiver of Jury Trial........................................18 Section 8.09. Counterparts; Effectiveness; Third Party Beneficiaries......18 Section 8.10. Entire Agreement............................................19 Section 8.11. Severability................................................19 Section 8.12. Specific Performance........................................19 EXHIBITS AND APPENDICES EXHIBIT A Restated Partnership Agreement EXHIBIT B Tax Indemnification Agreement (See Exhibit 10.7 of Form S-1) EXHIBIT C Delaware Certificate of Merger EXHIBIT D New York Certificate of Merger EXHIBIT E Amended and Restated Charter of the Company (See Exhibit 3.1 of Form S-1) EXHIBIT F Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (See Exhibit 3.2 of Form S-1) EXHIBIT G Directors and Officers of the Company EXHIBIT H Transfer Rights Agreement (See Exhibit 10.1 of Form S-1) EXHIBIT I Employment, Non-Competition and Pledge Agreement (See Exhibits 10.2 and 10.3 of Form S-1) EXHIBIT J Non-Competition and Pledge Agreement (See Exhibit 10.4 of Form S-1) EXHIBIT K Equity Incentive Plan (See Exhibit 10.5 of Form S-1) SCHEDULE 2.03 Merger Consideration SCHEDULE 2.08 U.K. Exchange Consideration APPENDIX NoticesREORGANIZATION AGREEMENT AGREEMENT dated as of May __, 2004 between Greenhill & Co. Holdings LLC, a New York limited liability company ("Holdings"), Greenhill & Co. GmbH, a German limited liability corporation ("GmbH"), Greenhill & Co. Europe, Limited, an English corporation ("GE Ltd."), Greenhill & Co. Cayman Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands ("Cayco"), Greenhill & Co. International, LLP, a limited liability partnership organized under the laws of England ("GLLP"), Greenhill & Co., Inc., a newly formed Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of Holdings (the "Company" or "GHL", and collectively with Holdings, GmbH, GE Ltd., Cayco and GLLP, the "Greenhill Entities") and the Members (as defined below). W I T N E S S E T H: WHEREAS, the Members wish to reorganize the Greenhill Entities in anticipation of the issuance to the public of shares of common stock of the Company; WHEREAS, GLLP has received authorization from the U.K. Financial Services Authority to reorganize itself in the manner described in the U.K. Agreements (as defined below) and herein; WHEREAS, GE Ltd. has previously retired as a member of GLLP in exchange for the German Assets and the Note (each as defined below); WHEREAS, simultaneously with the retirement of GE Ltd., GE Ltd., GLLP and the U.K. Partners (as defined below) entered into the Option Agreement (as defined below); WHEREAS, two business days prior to the Closing (as defined below) the U.K. Partners will send the Offer Letter (as defined below), pursuant to which the U.K. Partners will offer their partnership interests in GLLP to Cayco on the terms and conditions set forth therein, acceptance being possible only by the issue of Ordinary Shares of Cayco; WHEREAS, if the offer set out in the Offer Letter is accepted, each of the U.K. Partners will execute the U.K. Partners Option Agreement (as defined below), pursuant to which the U.K. Partners who so exchange their partnership interests will be granted an option to subscribe for an interest in GLLP on the terms set forth in the Restated Partnership Agreement (as defined below); and WHEREAS, contemporaneously with the acceptance of the Offer Letter each of the U.K. Partners will be appointed as a director of GE Ltd. The parties hereto agree as follows: ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS Section 1.01 Definitions. The following terms, as used herein, have the following meanings: "Affiliate" means, with respect to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such Person. "Closing Date" means the date of the Closing. "Common Stock" means the common stock, par value $.01 per share, of the Company. "Continuing Agreements" means (i) the Agreement of Limited Partnership of GCP, L.P., dated as of June 29, 2000, (ii) the GCP, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement dated as of June 27, 2000 among Greenhill & Co., LLC and the Individual Members Named Therein, (iii) the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Greenhill Capital Partners (Executives), L.P. dated as of June 30, 2000, (iv) the Option Agreement, (v) the U.K. Partners Option Agreement, (vi) the Offer Letter and (vii) the Restated Partnership Agreement, in each case, as subsequently amended. "Dissociation Agreement" means the Dissociation Agreement dated as of _____ __, 2004 among GE Ltd., GLLP and U.K. Partners. "German Assets" means the assets of GLLP associated with GLLP's German trade. ["Greenhill Receivables, LLC" means the newly formed limited liability company to be owned, if required, by the U.S. Members, the operating agreement of which shall be in the form of Exhibit ___ hereto.] "HSR Act" means the Hart Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended. "Interest" means, in the case of any U.S. Member, such Member's limited liability company interest in Holdings. "Lien" means, with respect to any property or asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest, encumbrance or other adverse claim of any kind in respect of such property or asset. For the purposes of this Agreement, a Person shall be deemed to own subject to a Lien any property or asset which it has acquired or holds subject to the interest of a vendor or lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital lease or other title retention agreement relating to such property or asset. 2 "Loan Notes" means [notes, substantially in the form of Exhibit __ hereto, to be issued to the U.K. Partners by the Company in accordance with Section 2.09 hereof]. "Members" means the U.S. Members and the U.K. Partners. "Non-Competition Agreement" means, in the case of the U.S. Members, the Employment, Non-Competition and Pledge Agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit I hereto and in the case of the U.K. Partners, the Non-Competition and Pledge Agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit J hereto. ["Note" means the note issued by GLLP in favor of GE Ltd. as provided in the Dissociation Agreement.] "Offer Letter" means the Offer Letter from the U.K. Partners to Cayco substantially in the form of Exhibit __ hereto. "Operating Agreement" means the Operating Agreement of Holdings dated as of January 1, 2002[, as amended]. "Option Agreement" means the Option Agreement dated as of _____ __, 2004 among GE Ltd., GLLP and the U.K. Partners. "Ordinary Shares" means ordinary shares, (pound) __ par value, of Cayco. "Partnership Agreement" means the Restated Partnership Agreement of GLLP dated March 20, 2002[, as amended]. "Public Offering" means the sale of shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Registration Statement which will be consummated immediately following the Closing. "1934 Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. "Person" means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, trust or other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof. "Registration Statement" means the registration statement of the Company on Form S-1 in respect of sales of Common Stock filed with the SEC on March 11, 2004, together with all subsequent amendments thereto. "Remaining Profit" means any Global Profit (as defined in the SEPA) for the Target Period (as defined in the SEPA) ending on the Closing Date that 3 shall not have been distributed to the Members, minus any cash required to meet the needs of the Company, minus any portion of the Global Profit to be distributed pursuant to the U.K. Agreements, all as determined by RFG two business days prior to the Closing. "Reorganization Transactions" means the steps taken or to be taken pursuant to the U.K. Agreements and this Agreement to reorganize the Greenhill Entities in anticipation of the Public Offering. "Restated Partnership Agreement" means the Partnership Agreement of GLLP, restated in the form of Exhibit __ hereto. "RFG" means Robert F. Greenhill. "SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission. "SEPA" means the Senior Executive Profitsharing Agreement dated as of January 1, 2002 among Robert F. Greenhill, the U.S. Members and the U.K. Partners. "Subsidiary" means any entity of which securities or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors or other persons performing similar functions are at the time directly or indirectly owned by the Company. "Tax Indemnification Agreement" means the Tax Indemnification Agreement among the Company, Cayco, the U.S. Members and the U.K. Partners in the form of Exhibit B hereto. "Terminated Agreements" means (i) the SEPA, (ii) the Capital Transaction Agreement dated as of January 1, 2002, among Robert F. Greenhill, the U.S. Members and the U.K. Members, (iii) the Operating Agreement and (iv) [others?]. "Transaction Agreements" means the U.K. Agreements, the Tax Indemnification Agreement, the Non-Competition Agreements [others?]. "U.K. Agreements" means the Dissociation Agreement, the Option Agreement, the Offer Letter, the U.K. Partners Option Agreement, [others?]. "U.K. Partners" means Simon Borrows, James Blyth, Brian J. Cassin, James R.C. Lupton, Richard Morse, Colin T. Roy and David A.Wyles. "U.K. Partners Option Agreement" means the Option Agreement dated as of the date hereof among the U.K. Partners, GE Ltd. and GLLP. 4"U.S. Members" means Scott L. Bok, Jeffrey F. Buckalew, Timothy M. Dwyer, Timothy M. George, Greenhill Family Limited Partnership, Riversville Aircraft Corporation II, Michael A. Kramer, Peter C. Krause, John D. Liu, Gregory R. Miller, Harvey R. Miller, Robert H. Niehaus, V. Frank Pottow, Gregory G. Randolph, Bradley A. Robbins and Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. (b) Each of the following terms is defined in the Section set forth opposite such term: Term Section ---- ------- Closing 2.11 Company Securities 3.05 Delaware Law 2.03 Effective Time 2.03 Indemnitee 5.06 Merger 2.03 New York Law 2.03 Surviving Corporation 2.03 U.K. Exchange 2.09 Section 1.02. Other Definitional and Interpretative Provisions. Unless specified otherwise, in this Agreement the obligations of any party consisting of more than one person are joint and several. The words "hereof", "herein" and "hereunder" and words of like import used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. The captions herein are included for convenience of reference only and shall be ignored in the construction or interpretation hereof. References to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules are to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules of this Agreement unless otherwise specified. All Exhibits and Schedules annexed hereto or referred to herein are hereby incorporated in and made a part of this Agreement as if set forth in full herein. Any capitalized terms used in any Exhibit or Schedule but not otherwise defined therein, shall have the meaning as defined in this Agreement. Any singular term in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the plural, and any plural term the singular. Whenever the words "include", "includes" or "including" are used in this Agreement, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words "without limitation", whether or not they are in fact followed by those words or words of like import. "Writing", "written" and comparable terms refer to printing, typing and other means of reproducing words (including electronic media) in a visible form. References to any agreement or contract are to that agreement or contract as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof. References to any Person include the successors and permitted assigns of that Person. References from or through any date mean, unless otherwise specified, from and including or through and including, respectively. 5ARTICLE 2 RESTRUCTURING Section 2.01. [Distribution of Global Profits and Remaining Profits. Two business days prior to the Closing, RFG shall determine the amount of the Remaining Profit. All right, title and interest in any Remaining Profit not so distributed shall be assigned to Greenhill Receivables, LLC, whereupon (but in any event no later than on the business day immediately preceding the Closing), the limited liability interests in Greenhill Receivables, LLC shall be distributed to the U.S. Members.] Section 2.02. Transfer of GE Ltd. Two business days prior to the Merger, Holdings shall assign to the Company all of its right, title and interest in all of the shares of capital stock of GE Ltd. owned by Holdings (and the Company shall accept such assignment and assume all liabilities relating thereto) for consideration of (pound)1.00. Section 2.03. The Merger. (a) At the Effective Time, Holdings shall be merged (the "Merger") with and into the Company in accordance with the requirements of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware ("Delaware Law") and the applicable laws of the State of New York (the "New York Law") and in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof, whereupon the separate existence of Holdings shall cease in accordance with New York Law, and the Company shall be the surviving corporation (the "Surviving Corporation"). (b) As soon as practicable after satisfaction or, to the extent permitted hereunder, waiver of all conditions to the Merger, the Company will file a certificate of merger substantially in the form of Exhibit C with the Delaware Secretary of State and deliver to the Department of State of the State of New York a certificate of merger substantially in the form of Exhibit D hereto and make other filings or recordings required by Delaware Law and New York Law in connection with the Merger. The Merger shall become effective at such time (the "Effective Time") as the certificate of merger is duly filed with the Delaware Secretary of State or at such later time as is specified in the certificate of merger. (c) From and after the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall possess all the rights, powers, privileges and franchises and be subject to all of the obligations, liabilities, restrictions and disabilities of Holdings and the Company, all as provided under Delaware Law and New York Law and without further transfer, succeed to and possess all of the rights, privileges and powers of Holdings, and all of the assets and property of whatever kind and character of Holdings shall vest in the Company without further act or deed; thereafter, the Company, as the Surviving Corporation, shall be liable for all of the liabilities and 6 obligations of Holdings, and any claim or judgment against Holdings may be enforced against the Company, as the Surviving Corporation. Section 2.04. Conversion of Shares. (a) At the Effective Time, each limited liability company interest in Holdings outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into that number of shares of Common Stock set forth opposite the name of each U.S. Member on Schedule 2.03. (b) Each share of capital stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the holder thereof, be cancelled. Section 2.05. Certificate of Incorporation. The certificate of incorporation of the Company in effect at the Effective Time (which shall be in the form of Exhibit E) shall be the certificate of incorporation of the Surviving Corporation, until amended in accordance with applicable law. Section 2.06. Bylaws. The bylaws of the Company in effect at the Effective Time (which shall be in the form of Exhibit F) shall be the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation until amended in accordance with applicable law. Section 2.07. Directors and Officers. From and after the Effective Time, until successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified in accordance with applicable law, (i) the directors of the Company at the Effective Time shall be the directors of the Surviving Corporation and (ii) the officers of the Company at the Effective Time (which shall be the persons set forth on Exhibit G) shall be the officers of the Surviving Corporation. Section 2.08. Committee Charters. No later than the Closing, Holdings and the Company shall take all necessary actions to ensure that charters for the audit, compensation and nominating committees in the form of Exhibits ___, ___ and ___ hereto, be adopted. Section 2.09. U.K. Exchange. Immediately following the Merger, upon satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 6.04, and immediately prior to the closing of the public offering, each U.K. Partner shall exchange all of the Ordinary Shares that he holds at such time for the number of shares of Common Stock [and Loan Notes in the principal amount] set forth opposite the name of such U.K. Partner on Schedule 2.08 (collectively the "U.K. Exchange"). Section 2.10. Public Offering. Immediately following the Closing, the Company shall consummate the Public Offering. Section 2.11. Closing. The closing (the "Closing") of the Merger, the U.K. Exchange and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement (other 7 than the closing contemplated by the Offer Letter) shall take place at the offices of Davis Polk & Wardwell, 450 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York, as soon as possible after satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Article 6, or at such other time or place as the parties may agree. At the Closing: (a) the Company and each of the Members shall execute and deliver the Transfer Rights Agreement in the form of Exhibit H hereto; (b) the Company and each of the Members shall execute and deliver the Non-Competition Agreements in the forms of Exhibits I and J hereto, as applicable; (c) the Company, Cayco and each of the Members shall execute and deliver the Tax Indemnification Agreement in the form of Exhibit B hereto; and (d) the Company shall adopt the Equity Incentive Plan in the form of Exhibit K hereto. ARTICLE 3 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE GREENHILL ENTITIES Each of the Greenhill Entities represents and warrants, severally and not jointly, to each Member as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date that: Section 3.01. Corporate Existence and Power. Such Greenhill Entity is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization and has all powers (corporate or otherwise) and all material governmental licenses, authorizations, permits, consents and approvals required to carry on its business as now conducted. Section 3.02. Corporate Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by such Greenhill Entity of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it is a party and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby are within such Greenhill Entity's powers and have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of such Greenhill Entity. This Agreement constitutes, and upon execution and delivery, each Transaction Agreement to which it is a party will constitute, a valid and binding agreement of such Greenhill Entity. Section 3.03. Governmental Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by such Greenhill Entity of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it is a party and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby require no action by or in respect of, or filing with, any governmental body, agency or official other than (i) compliance with any applicable requirements of the HSR Act, (ii) compliance with any applicable 8 requirements of the 1933 Act and 1934 Act, and (iii) compliance with [add ref. to FSA approval]. Section 3.04. Noncontravention. The execution, delivery and performance by such Greenhill Entity of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it is a party and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) violate the organizational documents of such Greenhill Entity, (ii) assuming compliance with the matters referred to in Section 3.03, violate any applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, injunction, order or decree, (iii) require any consent or other action by any Person under, constitute a default under, or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any right or obligation of any Greenhill Entity or to a loss of any benefit to which such Greenhill Entity is entitled under any provision of any agreement or other instrument binding upon such Greenhill Entity or (iv) result in the creation or imposition of any Lien on any asset of any Greenhill Entity. Section 3.05. Capitalization. (a) The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, no par value ("Preferred Stock"). As of the date hereof, there are outstanding 1,000 shares of Common Stock and no shares of Preferred Stock. Upon the consummation of the Public Offering, ______ shares of Common Stock will be outstanding. (b) All outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable. Upon issuance of the Common Stock in the Public Offering, all shares of Common Stock so issued will be duly authorized, validly issued, and when delivered against payment therefor, will be fully paid and non-assessable. Except as set forth in this Section 3.05, there are no outstanding shares of capital stock or voting securities of the Company, securities of the Company convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock or voting securities of the Company or options or other rights to acquire from the Company, or other obligation of the Company to issue, any capital stock, voting securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable for capital stock or voting securities of the Company (the items in Sections 3.05(b)(i), 3.05(b)(ii) and 3.05(b)(iii) being referred to collectively as the "Company Securities"). There are no outstanding obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any Company Securities.(1) ---------- (1) Discuss timing of issuance of first set of RSUs. May need schedule. 9 Section 3.06. No Previous Activity. The Company is a newly formed corporation and has not engaged in any business activities since the date of its incorporation other than activities incidental to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and in preparation of the Public Offering. ARTICLE 4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF MEMBERS Each Member represents and warrants to the Company, severally and not jointly, as of the Closing Date that: Section 4.01. Corporate Existence and Power. Such Member (in the case of a Member who is not a natural Person) is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization and has all powers (corporate or otherwise) and all material governmental licenses, authorizations, permits, consents and approvals required to carry on its business as now conducted. Such Member is not a resident of any jurisdiction under the laws of which such Member's Interests, Ordinary Shares or shares of Common Stock may be deemed to be "community property." Section 4.02. Corporate Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by such Member of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which he or it is a party and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the pledge of shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Non-Competition Agreement, are within the powers of such Member (corporate or otherwise) and have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of such Member. This Agreement constitutes, and upon execution and delivery, each Transaction Agreement (other than the Offer Letter) to which he or it is a party will constitute, a valid and binding agreement of such Member. The Offer Letter will, upon execution and delivery thereof by such Member and acceptance thereof by Cayco, constitute a valid and binding agreement of such Member. Section 4.03. Governmental Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by such Member of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which he or it is a party and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby require no material action by or in respect of, or material filing with, any governmental body, agency or official other than compliance with any applicable requirements of the HSR Act. Section 4.04. Noncontravention. The execution, delivery and performance by such Member of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which he or it is a party and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) in the case of a Member who is not a 10 natural Person, violate the organizational documents of such Member or (ii) assuming compliance with the matters referred to in Section 4.03, violate any applicable material law, rule, regulation, judgment, injunction, order or decree. Section 4.05. Ownership of Interests. Such Member is the record and beneficial owner of the Interests or Ordinary Shares, as applicable, set forth opposite such Member's name on Schedule 4.05, free and clear of any Lien and any other limitation or restriction (including any restriction on the right to vote, sell or otherwise dispose of such Interests or Ordinary Shares, as applicable, other than, in each case, any such restrictions set forth in the Operating Agreement), and such Member will, if he is a U.K. Partner, transfer and deliver to the Company at the Closing valid title to such Ordinary Shares free and clear of any Lien and any such limitation or restriction. Section 4.06. Purchase for Investment. Such Member is purchasing the Shares [and Loan Notes] for investment for its own account and not with a view to, or for sale in connection with, any distribution thereof. Such Member (either alone or together with its advisors) has sufficient knowledge and experience in financial and business matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of its investment in the Shares [and Loan Notes] and is capable of bearing the economic risks of such investment. Section 4.07. Registration Statement. Such Member has read the Registration Statement and, to its or his knowledge, it does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. ARTICLE 5. COVENANTS OF PARTIES Section 5.01. Consent. Each Member hereby consents to each of the Reorganization Transactions and ratifies all actions previously taken by any of the Greenhill Entities and each of their respective managers, members, officers and directors in connection with the execution of those steps of the Reorganization Transactions which were completed prior to the date hereof. Section 5.02. Cash Compensation. Each Member hereby acknowledges that it will be the policy of the Company (which policy will be reviewed annually and is subject to change at any time by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors) to limit the Company's aggregate compensation and benefits expense, as reflected in the Company's audited financial statements for any fiscal year, to no more than 50% of its reported revenues in that fiscal year. Compensation and benefits expense will include, among other things, all 11 salaries, bonus and other compensation (both cash and non-cash) paid by the Company and its subsidiaries to their managing directors, executive officers and other employees. Section 5.03. Release. Effective at the Closing, in consideration for good and valuable consideration, the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, each Member, as to itself or himself, and its or his past, present and future affiliates, and its and their respective successors, predecessors, assigns, heirs, officers, directors, members, managers, partners, employees, consultants and trustees, hereby releases, acquits and forever discharges each Greenhill Entity and its past, present and future affiliates and its and their respective successors, predecessors, assigns, heirs, officers, directors, members, managers, partners, employees, consultants and trustees, in respect of and from any and all debts, demands, actions, causes of action, suits, accounts, covenants, contracts, agreements, torts, damages and any and all claims, defenses, offsets, judgments, demands and liabilities whatsoever, of every name and nature, both at law and in equity, known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, accrued or unaccrued, which have been or could have been asserted against such other Person, which the releasing Person has or ever had which arise out of or in any way related or are incidental to events, circumstances or actions taken by such other Person prior to the Closing; provided, however, that the foregoing general release shall not affect any Person's right to enforce this Agreement or any of the Continuing Agreements to which such Member is a party. Section 5.04. Best Efforts; Further Assurances. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, each party will use its or his best efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do, or cause to be done, all things necessary or desirable under applicable laws and regulations to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Section 5.05. Termination of Certain Agreements. Each party hereto that is a party to any of the Terminated Agreements hereby agrees that each such Terminated Agreement shall, effective as of the Closing, be terminated automatically without the need for any additional action by any party thereto. Section 5.06. Indemnification. (a) The Company shall indemnify any Person (each, an "Indemnitee") who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding brought by or against Holdings or any of its Subsidiaries or otherwise, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, including, without limitation, any action by or in the right of Holdings or any of its Subsidiaries to procure a judgment in its favor, by reason of the fact that such Indemnitee was the managing member, a member, an executive committee member or an officer of Holdings or any of its Subsidiaries, or at the relevant time, having been such a managing member, member, executive committee member or officer, or that such Indemnitee is or 12 was serving at the request of Holdings or any of its Subsidiaries as a partner, director, officer or trustee of another Person, against all expenses (including attorneys' fees and disbursements), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with such action, suit or proceeding. Notwithstanding the forgoing, no indemnification shall be provided to or on behalf of any Indemnitee if a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to such Indemnitee establishes that (i) such Indemnitee's acts were committed in bad faith or were the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and, in either case, were material to the cause of action so adjudicated or (ii) such Indemnitee in fact personally gained a financial profit or other advantage to which such Indemnitee was not legally entitled. (b) Any indemnification under subsection (a) of this Section 5.06 shall (unless ordered by a court) be made by the Company only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that the indemnification of the Indemnitee is proper under the circumstances because such Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in subsection (a) of this Section 5.06. Such determination shall be made by the Board of the Directors of the Company in good faith or, if the Board so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion. (c) The Company may, in the discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company, pay expenses incurred by any Indemnitee in defending any action, suit or proceeding described in subsection (a) of this Section 5.06 in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Indemnitee to repay such advance if it shall ultimately be determined that such Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company pursuant to this Section 5.06. (d) The Company may, in the discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company, purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any Indemnitee against any liability asserted against such Indemnitee, whether or not the Company would have the power by law to indemnify such Indemnitee against such liability. (e) The indemnification provided by this Section 5.06 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to indemnification to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any agreement, determination of the Board of Directors of the Company or otherwise. The rights to indemnification and reimbursement or advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Section 5.06 shall continue as to an Indemnitee who ceased to be a Member or officer (or other person indemnified hereunder) prior to the Closing and shall inure to the benefit of the executors, administrators, legatees and distributees of such Person. 13 Section 5.07. Use of Proceeds. The Company intends to use the proceeds from the Public Offering to (i) repay all outstanding indebtedness for borrowed money and (ii) make investments in the Company's merchant banking funds. ARTICLE 6. CONDITIONS Section 6.01. Conditions to Obligations of Each Party. The obligations of each Greenhill Entity and each Member to consummate the Merger are subject to the satisfaction or, to the extent permissible by law, waiver of the following conditions: (a) this Agreement shall have been (i) approved and adopted by the sole stockholder of the Company in accordance with Delaware Law and (ii) adopted by the Members in accordance with New York Law; (b) no provision of any applicable law or regulation and no judgment, injunction, order or decree shall prohibit the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (c) any applicable waiting period under the HSR Act relating to the Merger and the U.K. Exchange shall have expired or been terminated; (d) the Registration Statement shall have been declared effective and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect and no proceedings for such purpose shall be pending before or threatened by the SEC; (e) the shares of Common Stock to be issued in the Public Offering shall have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance; (f) each of the Dissociation Agreement, Option Agreement, Offer Letter and U.K. Partners Option Agreement shall have been executed and delivered by each of the parties thereto and the Offer Letter shall have been accepted in accordance with its terms, and each of the foregoing shall continue in full force and effect, and there shall not have occurred any material breach of any such agreement; (g) each of the U.K. Partners shall have been appointed a director of GE Ltd.; (h) all actions by or in respect of, or filings with, any governmental body, agency, official or authority, domestic, foreign or supranational, required to 14 permit the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, shall have been taken, made or obtained; and (i) all of the conditions precedent to the consummation of the Public Offering (other than the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) shall have been satisfied or waived, and the Public Offering shall be consummated substantially simultaneously herewith. Section 6.02. Conditions to the Obligations of Parent and Merger Subsidiary. The obligations of the Greenhill Entities to consummate the transaction contemplated by this Agreement are subject to the satisfaction of the following further conditions: Each Member shall have performed in all material respects all of its obligations hereunder or in any other Transaction Agreement (other than the U.K. Exchange) to which it is a party required to be performed by it at or prior to the Closing; the representations and warranties of each Member contained in this Agreement shall be true at and as of the Closing as if made at and as of such time; and the Company shall be reasonably satisfied that each U.K. Partner will complete the U.K. Exchange immediately following the Effective Time. Section 6.03. Conditions to the Obligations of Each Member. The obligations of each Member to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are subject to the satisfaction of the following further conditions: Each Greenhill Entity [and each other Member] shall have performed in all material respects all of its obligations hereunder or in any other Transaction Agreement (other than the U.K. Exchange) to which it is a party required to be performed by it at or prior to the Closing, and the representations and warranties of the Greenhill Entities contained in this Agreement shall be true in all material respects at and as of the Closing as if made at and as of such time. Section 6.04. Conditions to the Obligations to Consummate the U.K. Exchange. The obligations of each U.K. Partner and the Company to consummate the U.K. Exchange shall be subject to the satisfaction of the following further condition: The Merger shall have become effective in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. ARTICLE 7. TERMINATION Section 7.01. Termination. This Agreement may be terminated and the transactions contemplated hereby may be abandoned at any time prior to the 15 Closing (notwithstanding any approval of this Agreement by the sole stockholder of the Company or the Members): (a) by mutual written agreement of the Company and the Members; (b) by the Company, if: (i) the transactions contemplated hereby have not been consummated on or before [month] __, ____ (the "End Date"); (ii) (A) there shall be any law or regulation that makes consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby illegal or otherwise prohibited or (B) any judgment, injunction, order or decree of any court or governmental body having competent jurisdiction enjoining the Greenhill Entities from consummating the transactions contemplated hereby is entered; or (iii) a breach of any representation or warranty or failure to perform any covenant or agreement on the part of any Member set forth in this Agreement shall have occurred that would cause any condition set forth in Section 6.01 or Section 6.02 not to be satisfied, and such condition is incapable of being satisfied by the End Date. The party desiring to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 7.01 shall give notice of such termination to the other party. Section 7.02 . Effect of Termination. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 7.01, this Agreement shall become void and of no effect, without liability of any party (or any stockholder, director, officer, employee, agent, consultant or representative of such party) to the other party hereto. The provisions of this Section 7.02 and Sections 8.05, 8.06, 8.07, 8.08 and 8.09 shall survive any termination hereof pursuant to Section 7.01. ARTICLE 8 MISCELLANEOUS Section 8.01 . Survival. The representations and warranties of the parties hereto contained in this Agreement or in any certificate or other writing delivered pursuant hereto or in connection herewith shall survive the Closing until the first anniversary of the Closing Date. The covenants and agreements of the parties hereto contained in this Agreement or in any certificate or other writing delivered pursuant hereto or in connection herewith shall survive the Closing indefinitely or for the shorter period explicitly specified therein, except that for such covenants and agreements that survive for such shorter period, breaches thereof shall survive indefinitely or until the latest date permitted by law. 16 Section 8.02. Notices. All notices, requests and other communications to any party hereunder shall be in writing (including facsimile transmission) and shall be given, if to any Greenhill Entity, to: Greenhill & Co., Inc. 300 Park Avenue 23rd Floor New York, New York 10022 Attention: Scott Bok Facsimile No.: 212-389-1700 with a copy to: Davis Polk & Wardwell 450 Lexington Avenue New York, New York 10017 Attention: Ulrika Ekman Facsimile No.: (212) 450-3800 if to any Member, to the address of such Member set forth in Appendix ____ hereto, or to such other address or facsimile number as such party may hereafter specify for the purpose of notice to the other parties hereto. All such notices, requests and other communications shall be deemed received on the date of receipt by the recipient thereof if received prior to 5:00 p.m. in the place of receipt and such day is a Business Day in the place of receipt. Otherwise, any such notice, request or communication shall be deemed not to have been received until the next succeeding Business Day in the place of receipt. Section 8.03. Amendments and Waivers. Any provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived if, but only if, such amendment or waiver is in writing and is signed, in the case of an amendment, by each party to this Agreement, or in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom the waiver is to be effective. No failure or delay by any party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided shall be cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law. 17 Section 8.04. Expenses. Except as otherwise provided herein, all costs and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement shall be paid by the party incurring such cost or expense. Section 8.05. Successors and Assigns. The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns; provided that no Member may assign, delegate or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the consent of the Company. Section 8.06. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflicts of law rules of such state. Section 8.07. Jurisdiction. The parties hereto agree that any suit, action or proceeding seeking to enforce any provision of, or based on any matter arising out of or in connection with, this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby shall be brought in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York or any New York State court sitting in New York City, so long as one of such courts shall have subject matter jurisdiction over such suit, action or proceeding, and that any cause of action arising out of this Agreement shall be deemed to have arisen from a transaction of business in the State of New York, and each of the parties hereby irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such suit, action or proceeding and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding in any such court or that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Process in any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on any party anywhere in the world, whether within or without the jurisdiction of any such court. Without limiting the foregoing, each party agrees that service of process on such party as provided in this Section 8.07 shall be deemed effective service of process on such party. Section 8.08. Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. Section 8.09. Counterparts; Effectiveness; Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. This Agreement shall become effective when each party hereto shall have received a counterpart hereof signed by all of the 18 other parties hereto. Until and unless each party has received a counterpart hereof signed by the other party hereto, this Agreement shall have no effect and no party shall have any right or obligation hereunder (whether by virtue of any other oral or written agreement or other communication). No provision of this Agreement is intended to confer any rights, benefits, remedies, obligations or liabilities hereunder upon any Person other than the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. Section 8.10. Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the Transaction Agreements constitute the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both oral and written, between the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement. Section 8.11. Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any party. Upon such a determination, the parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible. Section 8.12. Specific Performance. The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur if any provision of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with the terms hereof and that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement or to enforce specifically the performance of the terms and provisions hereof in the courts specified in Section 8.07, in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity. 19 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized officers as of the day and year first above written. GREENHILL & CO., INC. By: ----------------------------------- Name: Title: GREENHILL & CO. HOLDINGS, LLC By: ----------------------------------- Name: Title: GREENHILL & CO. GMBH By: ----------------------------------- Name: Title: GREENHILL & CO. INTERNATIONAL, LLP By: ----------------------------------- Name: Title: GREENHILL & CO. EUROPE, LIMITED By: ----------------------------------- Name: Title: RIVERSVILLE AIRCRAFT CORPORATION II By: ----------------------------------- Name: Robert F. Greenhill Title: President GREENHILL FAMILY LP, By Robert F. Greenhill, its General Partner By: ----------------------------------- Name: Robert F. Greenhill Title: General Partner U.S. MEMBERS: --------------------------------------- SCOTT L. BOK --------------------------------------- SIMON BORROWS --------------------------------------- JEFFREY F. BUCKALEW --------------------------------------- TIMOTHY M. DWYER --------------------------------------- TIMOTHY M. GEORGE --------------------------------------- MICHAEL A. KRAMER --------------------------------------- PETER C. KRAUSE --------------------------------------- JOHN D. LIU --------------------------------------- GREGORY R. MILLER --------------------------------------- HARVEY R. MILLER --------------------------------------- ROBERT H. NIEHAUS --------------------------------------- V. FRANK POTTOW --------------------------------------- GREGORY G. RANDOLPH --------------------------------------- BRADLEY A. ROBBINS --------------------------------------- HAROLD J. RODRIGUEZ, JR. U.K. PARTNERS: --------------------------------------- JAMES BLYTH --------------------------------------- BRIAN J. CASSIN --------------------------------------- JAMES R. C. LUPTON --------------------------------------- RICHARD MORSE --------------------------------------- COLIN T. ROY --------------------------------------- DAVID A. WYLES
Exhibit 3.1 AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF GREENHILL & CO., INC. Pursuant to Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware * * * * * Greenhill & Co., Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), does hereby certify as follows: FIRST: The present name of the Corporation is Greenhill & Co., Inc., which is the name under which the Corporation was originally incorporated; and the date of filing the original Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware is March 10, 2004. SECOND: The Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation is hereby amended by striking out Article FOURTH thereof and by substituting in lieu thereof new Article FOURTH which is set forth in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation hereinafter provided for. THIRD: The provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation as heretofore amended and/or supplemented, and as herein amended, are hereby restated and integrated into the single instrument which is hereinafter set forth, and which is entitled Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Greenhill & Co., Inc. without any further amendments other than the amendment herein certified and without any discrepancy between the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation as heretofore amended and supplemented and the provisions of the said single instrument hereinafter set forth. FOURTH: The amendments and the restatement of the Certificate of Incorporation herein certified have been duly adopted by the stockholders in accordance with the provisions of Sections 228, 242, and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. FIFTH: The Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended and restated herein, shall at the effective time of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, read as follows: AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF GREENHILL & CO., INC. * * * * * FIRST: The name of the Corporation is Greenhill & Co., Inc. SECOND: The address of its registered office in the State of Delaware is Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19801. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company. THIRD: The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware as the same exists or may hereafter be amended ("Delaware Law"). FOURTH: The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 110,000,000, consisting of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, no par value, (the "Preferred Stock"). The Board of Directors is hereby empowered to authorize by resolution or resolutions from time to time the issuance of one or more classes or series of Preferred Stock and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, with respect to each such class or series of Preferred Stock and the number of shares constituting each such class or series, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such class or series to the extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended from time to time. FIFTH: Each holder of Common Stock, as such, shall be entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which stockholders generally are entitled to vote; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designations relating to any series of Preferred Stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon 2 pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designations relating to any series of Preferred Stock) or pursuant to Delaware Law. SIXTH: The name and mailing address of the incorporator are: Name Mailing Address ---- --------------- John T. Adams c/o Davis Polk & Wardwell 450 Lexington Avenue New York, New York 10017 SEVENTH: The Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation. EIGHTH: Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the bylaws of the Corporation so provide. NINTH: (1) A director of the Corporation shall not be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware Law. (2)(a) Each person (and the heirs, executors or administrators of such person) who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware Law. The right to indemnification conferred in this ARTICLE NINTH shall also include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in connection with any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition to the fullest extent authorized by Delaware Law. The right to indemnification conferred in this ARTICLE NINTH shall be a contract right. (b) The Corporation may, by action of its Board of Directors, provide indemnification to such of the employees and agents of the Corporation to such extent and to such effect as the Board of Directors shall determine to be appropriate and authorized by Delaware Law. (3) The Corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss incurred by such person in any such capacity or arising out of such person's status as such, 3whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under Delaware Law. (4) The rights and authority conferred in this ARTICLE NINTH shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may otherwise have or hereafter acquire. (5) Neither the amendment nor repeal of this ARTICLE NINTH, nor the adoption of any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the bylaws of the Corporation, nor, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware Law, any modification of law, shall eliminate or reduce the effect of this ARTICLE NINTH in respect of any acts or omissions occurring prior to such amendment, repeal, adoption or modification. TENTH: The names and mailing addresses of the initial directors of the Corporation, who are to serve as directors until the first annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualify, are: Name Mailing Address ---- --------------- Robert F. Greenhill 300 Park Avenue, 23rd Floor New York, NY 10022-7405 Scott L. Bok 300 Park Avenue, 23rd Floor New York, NY 10022-7405 Simon A. Borrows 56-58 Conduit Street London W1S 2YZ United Kingdom ELEVENTH: The Corporation reserves the right to amend this Certificate of Incorporation in any manner permitted by Delaware Law and, with the sole exception of those rights and powers conferred under the above ARTICLE NINTH, all rights and powers conferred herein on stockholders, directors and officers, if any, are subject to this reserved power. 4IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Certificate to be duly executed in its corporate name by its duly authorized officer. Dated: April 23, 2004 GREENHILL & CO., INC. By: /s/ Robert F. Greenhill ------------------------------------ Name: Robert F. Greenhill Title: Chairman & Chief Executive Officer 5
EXHIBIT 4.1 COMMON STOCK COMMON STOCK NUMBER SHARES ------------ ----------------------- GHL [GREENHILL LOGO] ------------ GREENHILL & CO., INC. ----------------------- INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE TRANSFERABLE SEE REVERSE SIDE IN THE CITY FOR CERTAIN DEFINITIONS OF NEW YORK ------------------- CUSIP 395259 10 4 ------------------- THIS CERTIFIES THAT IS THE OWNER OF FULLY PAID AND NON-ASSESSABLE COMMON SHARES, $0.01 PAR VALUE, OF GREENHILL & CO., INC. transferable on the books of the Corporation by the holder hereof in person or by Attorney upon surrender of this certificate properly endorsed. This certificate is not valid unless countersigned by the Transfer Agent and Registrar. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the said Corporation has caused this certificate to be signed by facsimile signatures of its duly authorized officers. Dated: [Greenhill & Co., Inc. Corporate Seal] /s/ John D. Liu /s/ Robert F. Greenhill ----------------------- ------------------------------------ Chief Financial Officer Chairman and Chief Executive Officer COUNTERSIGNED AND REGISTERED: THE BANK OF NEW YORK TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR BY: /s/ John I. Sivertsen -------------------------------- AUTHORIZED SIGNATUREGREENHILL & CO., INC The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this certificate, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations: TEN COM - as tenants in common UNIF GIFT MIN ACT-- __________________ Custodian__________________ (Cust) (Minor) TEN ENT - as tenants by the entireties JT TEN - as joint tenants with right under Uniform Gifts to Minors of survivorship and not as tenants in common Act___________________________________________ (State) UNIF TRF MIN ACT-- __________________ Custodian (unitl age ______) (Cust) _______________________ under Uniform Transfers (Minor) to Minors Act_________________________________ (State) Additional abbreviations may also be used though not in the above list. For value received, __________________________________hereby sell(s), assign(s) and transfer(s) unto PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER OR OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE ______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ (PLEASE PRINT OR TYPEWRITE NAME AND ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE OF ASSIGNEE) ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Shares of the capital stock represented by the within Certificate, and do(es) hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint _______________________________________________________________________ Attorney to transfer the said shares on the books of the within named Corporation with full power of substitution in the premises.Dated _______________________ _______________________________________________ NOTICE: THE SIGNATURE TO THIS ASSIGNMENT MUST CORRESPOND WITH THE NAME AS WRITTEN UPON THE FACE OF THE CERTIFICATE IN EVERY PARTICULAR WITHOUT ALTERATION OR ENLARGEMENT, OR ANY CHANGE WHATEVER. Signature(s) Guaranteed By:_____________________________________________________________________________ THE SIGNATURE(S) MUST BE GUARANTEED BY AN ELIGIBLE GUARANTOR INSTITUTION (BANKS, STOCKBROKERS, SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS AND CREDIT UNIONS WITH MEMBERSHIP IN AN APPROVED SIGNATURE GUARANTEE MEDALLION PROGRAM) PURSUANT TO S.E.C. RULE 17Ad-15. The within named Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests a statement of the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional, or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof of the Corporation and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Such requests may be made to the Corporation's Secretary at the principal office of the Corporation.
EXHIBIT 5.1 OPINION OF DAVIS POLK & WARDWELL April 30, 2004 Greenhill & Co., Inc. 300 Park Avenue 23rd Floor New York, New York 10022 Ladies and Gentlemen: Greenhill & Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-113526) (the "REGISTRATION STATEMENT") for the purpose of registering under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "SECURITIES ACT"), 5,000,000 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "SHARES"), including up to 750,000 Shares subject to the underwriters' option to purchase additional Shares, as described in the Registration Statement. We, as your counsel, have examined such documents and such matters of fact and law as we have deemed necessary for the purpose of rendering the opinion expressed herein. Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that, when the number of Shares to be issued and the price at which the Shares are to be sold have been approved by or on behalf of the Board of Directors of the Company and when the Shares have been duly issued and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the underwriting agreement referred to in the Prospectus which is a part of the Registration Statement, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. We are members of the Bar of the State of New York and the foregoing opinion is limited to the laws of the State of New York and General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an Exhibit to the Registration Statement and further consent to the reference to our name under the caption "Validity of Common Stock" in the Prospectus which is a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act. Very truly yours, /s/ DAVIS POLK & WARDWELL
Exhibit 10.1 DRAFT FORM OF TRANSFER RIGHTS AGREEMENT dated as of May , 2004 -- between GREENHILL & CO., INC. and [NAME OF MANAGING DIRECTOR] TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ---- ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS Section 1.01. Definitions..................................................1 ARTICLE 2 RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER Section 2.01. General Restrictions on Transfer.............................7 Section 2.02. Legends......................................................7 Section 2.03. Permitted Transferees........................................8 Section 2.04. Restrictions on Transfers by Shareholders....................8 ARTICLE 3 REGISTRATION RIGHTS Section 3.01. Demand Registration..........................................9 Section 3.02. Piggyback Registration......................................12 Section 3.03. Lock-Up Agreements..........................................13 Section 3.04. Registration Procedures.....................................14 Section 3.05. Indemnification by the Company..............................17 Section 3.06. Indemnification by Participating Shareholders...............18 Section 3.07. Conduct of Indemnification Proceedings......................19 Section 3.08. Contribution................................................20 Section 3.09. Participation in Public Offering............................21 Section 3.10. Other Indemnification.......................................21 Section 3.11. Cooperation by the Company..................................21 Section 3.12. No Transfer of Registration Rights..........................21 Section 3.13. Underwritten Offering Committee.............................21 ARTICLE 4 CERTAIN COVENANTS AND AGREEMENTS Section 4.01. Limitations on Subsequent Registration Rights...............22 Section 4.02. Conflicting Agreements......................................22 ARTICLE 5 MISCELLANEOUS Section 5.01. Binding Effect; Assignability; Benefit......................22 Section 5.02. Notices.....................................................23 i PAGE ---- Section 5.03. Waiver; Amendment; Termination..............................24 Section 5.04. Fees and Expenses...........................................24 Section 5.05. Governing Law...............................................24 Section 5.06. Jurisdiction................................................24 Section 5.07. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL........................................25 Section 5.08. Specific Enforcement........................................25 Section 5.09. Counterparts; Effectiveness.................................25 Section 5.10. Entire Agreement............................................25 Section 5.11. Captions....................................................25 Section 5.12. Severability................................................25 Exhibit A Joinder Agreement ii TRANSFER RIGHTS AGREEMENT AGREEMENT dated as of May __, 2004 between Greenhill & Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company") and [name of Managing Director] (the "Shareholder"). "Shareholder" shall mean if such entity or person shall have Transferred any of his "Company Securities" to any of its or his respective "Permitted Transferees" (as such terms are defined below), such entity or person and such Permitted Transferees, taken together, and any right, obligation or action that may be exercised or taken at the election of such entity or person may be taken at the election of such entity or person and such Permitted Transferees. W I T N E S S E T H : WHEREAS, pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement (as defined below), the Shareholder will receive shares of common stock of the Company; WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to enter into this Agreement to govern certain of their rights, duties and obligations after consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Reorganization Agreement; NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements contained herein and in the Reorganization Agreement, the parties hereto agree as follows: Article 1 DEFINITIONS Section 1.01. Definitions. (a) The following terms, as used herein, have the following meanings: "Affiliate" means, with respect to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person, provided that no securityholder of the Company shall be deemed an Affiliate of any other securityholder solely by reason of any investment in the Company. For the purpose of this definition, the term "control" (including, with correlative meanings, the terms "controlling", "controlled by" and "under common control with"), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. "Anniversary Period" means, at any time, the twelve-month period which commenced on the preceding anniversary of the Closing Date. "Board" means the board of directors of the Company. "Business Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York City are authorized by law to close. "Bylaws" means the Bylaws of the Company, as amended from time to time. "Change of Control" means the consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving the Company or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to an entity that is not an Affiliate or that, in each case, requires shareholder approval under the laws of the Company's jurisdiction of organization, unless immediately following such transaction, either: (i) at least 50% of the total voting power of the surviving entity or its parent entity, if applicable, is represented by securities of the Company that were outstanding immediately prior to the transaction (or securities into which the Company's securities were converted or exchanged in such transaction); or (ii) at least 50% of the members of the board of directors (including directors whose election or nomination was approved by the incumbent directors of the Board) of the company resulting from the transaction were members of the Board at the time of the Board's approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for the transaction. "Charter" means the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as the same may be amended from time to time. "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. "Closing Date" means May __, 2004. "Common Shares" means shares of Common Stock. "Common Stock" means the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company and any stock into which such Common Stock may thereafter be converted or changed. "Company Securities" means, with respect to the Shareholder (i) the Common Stock, (ii) securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, (iii) any other equity or equity-linked security issued by the Company and (iv) options, warrants or other rights to acquire Common Stock or any other equity or equity-linked security issued by the Company and, in each case, beneficially owned by the Shareholder as of the Closing Date. 2 "Employment Agreement" means the employment, non-competition and pledge agreement between the Shareholder and the Company of even date herewith. "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. "Increased Taxes" shall have the meaning ascribed such term in the Tax Indemnification Agreement. "Initial Ownership" means, with respect to the Shareholder or any Other Shareholder at any time, the fraction, the numerator of which is the number of Common Shares beneficially owned (as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) by such Shareholder as of the Closing Date and the denominator of which is the number of Common Shares beneficially owned by the Shareholder and all Other Shareholders who are then Eligible Shareholders. "Maximum Share Number" means, with respect to any Anniversary Period, the aggregate number of Common Shares that the Shareholder and the Other Shareholders shall be permitted to Transfer in a registered offering. The Maximum Share Number shall be (A) for the Anniversary Period ending on the first anniversary of the Closing Date, [insert that number which equals 15% of the Common Shares issued to the MDs as of the Closing] and (B), for each Anniversary Period thereafter until the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date, that number of Common Shares as the Underwritten Offering Committee shall decide in its sole discretion. "NASD" means the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. "Non-Compete Provisions" means Section 10 of the Employment Agreement. "Other Shareholder" means any other shareholder of the Company who is subject to a transfer rights agreement substantially similar to this Agreement. "Permitted Transferee" means a Person to whom Company Securities are Transferred by will or the laws of descent and distribution. "Person" means an individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association, trust or other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof. "Pro Rata Portion" means, with respect to the Shareholder or any Other Shareholder, that portion of the Maximum Share Number calculated by multiplying the Maximum Share Number by such Shareholder's Initial Ownership. 3 "Public Offering" means an underwritten public offering of Registrable Securities of the Company pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, other than pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-4 or Form S-8 or any similar or successor form. "Registrable Securities" means, at any time, any Common Shares and any securities issued or issuable in respect of such Shares by way of conversion, exchange, stock dividend, split or combination, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, other reorganization or otherwise until (i) a registration statement covering such Shares has been declared effective by the SEC and such Shares have been disposed of pursuant to such effective registration statement, (ii) such Shares are sold under circumstances in which all of the applicable conditions of Rule 144 (or any similar provisions then in force) under the Securities Act are met or such securities may be sold pursuant to Rule 144(k) or (iii) such Shares are otherwise Transferred, the Company has delivered a new certificate or other evidence of ownership for such Shares not bearing the legend required pursuant to this Agreement and such Shares may be resold without subsequent registration under the Securities Act. "Registration Expenses" means any and all expenses incident to the performance of or compliance with any registration or marketing of securities, including all (i) registration and filing fees, and all other fees and expenses payable in connection with the listing of securities on any securities exchange or automated interdealer quotation system, (ii) fees and expenses of compliance with any securities or "blue sky" laws (including reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel in connection with "blue sky" qualifications of the securities registered), (iii) expenses in connection with the preparation, printing, mailing and delivery of any registration statements, prospectuses and other documents in connection therewith and any amendments or supplements thereto, (iv) security engraving and printing expenses, (v) internal expenses of the Company (including, without limitation, all salaries and expenses of its officers and employees performing legal or accounting duties), (vi) reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company and customary fees and expenses for independent certified public accountants retained by the Company (including the expenses relating to any comfort letters or costs associated with the delivery by independent certified public accountants of any comfort letters requested pursuant to Section 3.04(h)), (vii) reasonable fees and expenses of any special experts retained by the Company in connection with such registration, (viii) reasonable fees, out-of-pocket costs and expenses of the Shareholders, including one counsel for all of the Shareholders participating in the offering selected by the Shareholders holding the majority of the Registrable Securities to be sold for the account of all Shareholders in the offering, (ix) fees and expenses in connection with any review by the NASD of the underwriting arrangements or other terms of the offering, and all fees and expenses of any "qualified independent underwriter," including the fees and expenses of any counsel thereto, (x) fees and disbursements of 4 underwriters customarily paid by issuers or sellers of securities, but excluding any underwriting fees, discounts and commissions attributable to the sale of Registrable Securities, (xi) costs of printing and producing any agreements among underwriters, underwriting agreements, any "blue sky" or legal investment memoranda and any selling agreements and other documents in connection with the offering, sale or delivery of the Registrable Securities, (xii) transfer agents' and registrars' fees and expenses and the fees and expenses of any other agent or trustee appointed in connection with such offering, (xiii) expenses relating to any analyst or investor presentations or any "road shows" undertaken in connection with the registration, marketing or selling of the Registrable Securities, (xiv) fees and expenses payable in connection with any ratings of the Registrable Securities, including expenses relating to any presentations to rating agencies and (xv) all out-of pocket costs and expenses incurred by the Company or its appropriate officers in connection with their compliance with Section 3.04(m). "Reorganization Agreement" means the Reorganization Agreement and Plan of Merger among the Company, certain of its Affiliates and other Persons named therein dated as of May __, 2004. "Restriction Termination Date" means the earlier to occur of (x) the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date and (y) the death of the Shareholder. "RFG Priority" means the right of Robert F. Greenhill to Transfer [_] Common Shares in the aggregate beneficially owned by him before being subject to any reduction contemplated by the provisions of Section 3.01(e) or Section 3.02(b) of this Agreement. "Rule 144" means Rule 144 and Rule 144A (or any successor provisions) under the Securities Act. "SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission. "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. "Shares" means Common Shares. "Shortfall" means, in respect of any registration, the difference between the Maximum Share Number and the number of Common Shares requested to be included in that registration by the Shareholder and each Other Shareholder who is an Eligible Shareholder. "Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person, any entity of which securities or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors or other persons performing similar functions are at the time directly or indirectly owned by such Person. 5 "Tax Indemnification Agreement" means the Tax Indemnification Agreement of even date herewith among the Company and the other persons named therein. "Transfer" means, with respect to any Company Securities, (i) when used as a verb, to sell, assign, dispose of, exchange, pledge, encumber, hypothecate or otherwise transfer such Company Securities or any participation or interest therein, whether directly or indirectly, or agree or commit to do any of the foregoing and (ii) when used as a noun, a direct or indirect sale, assignment, disposition, exchange, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation, or other transfer of such Company Securities or any participation or interest therein or any agreement or commitment to do any of the foregoing. "Underwritten Offering Committee" means the committee designated by the Board and to which committee the Board has delegated the power to (i) open a Window Period and (ii) approve Transfers in accordance with Section 2.04(a)(iv). "Window Period" means such period of time, from time to time, commencing on the Closing Date and ending on the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date, as the Underwritten Offering Committee shall in its sole discretion determine, when the Shareholder will be permitted to request Demand Registrations (subject to the provisions of Article 3). (b) Each of the following terms is defined in the Section set forth opposite such term: Term Section ---- ------- Company........................................................... Preamble Damages........................................................... 3.05 Demand Registration............................................... 3.01(a) Distribution in Kind.............................................. 2.03 Eligible Shareholder.............................................. 3.01(a)(v) Family Member..................................................... 2.04(a)(iv) Indemnified Party................................................. 3.07 Indemnifying Party................................................ 3.07 Inspectors........................................................ 3.04(g) Lock-Up Period.................................................... 3.03 Maximum Offering Size............................................. 3.01(e) Piggyback Registration............................................ 3.02(a) Records........................................................... 3.04(g) Registering Shareholders.......................................... 3.01(a) Requesting Shareholder............................................ 3.01(a) 6Article 2 RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER Section 2.01. General Restrictions on Transfer. (a) The Shareholder understands and agrees that the Company Securities received by him pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement have not been registered under the Securities Act and are restricted securities under such Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The Shareholder agrees that he shall not Transfer any Company Securities (or solicit any offers in respect of any Transfer of any Company Securities), except in compliance with the Securities Act, any other applicable securities or "blue sky" laws, and the terms and conditions of this Agreement. (b) Any attempt to Transfer any Company Securities not in compliance with this Agreement shall be null and void, and the Company shall not, and shall cause any transfer agent not to, give any effect in the Company's stock records to such attempted Transfer. Section 2.02. Legends. (a) In addition to any other legend that may be required under the Reorganization Agreement or otherwise, each certificate for Company Securities issued to the Shareholder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: THIS SECURITY HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR ANY FOREIGN OR STATE SECURITIES LAWS AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE THEREWITH. THIS SECURITY IS ALSO SUBJECT TO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AS SET FORTH IN THE TRANSFER RIGHTS AGREEMENT DATED AS OF MAY __, 2004, COPIES OF WHICH MAY BE OBTAINED UPON REQUEST FROM GREENHILL & CO., INC. OR ANY SUCCESSOR THERETO. (b) If any Company Securities shall cease to be Registrable Securities under clause (i) or clause (ii) of the definition thereof, the Company, upon the written request of the holder thereof, shall issue to such holder a new certificate evidencing such Company Securities without the first sentence of the legend required by Section 2.02(a) endorsed thereon. If any Company Securities cease to be subject to any and all restrictions on Transfer set forth in this Agreement, the Company, upon the request of the written holder thereof, shall issue to such 7 holder a new certificate evidencing such Company Securities without the second sentence of the legend required by Section 2.02(a) endorsed thereon. Section 2.03. Permitted Transferees. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Shareholder may at any time Transfer any or all of his Company Securities to one or more of his Permitted Transferees without the consent of the Company so long as (a) such Permitted Transferee shall have agreed in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, and (b) the Transfer to such Permitted Transferee is in compliance with the Securities Act and any other applicable securities or "blue sky" laws. Section 2.04. Restrictions on Transfers by Shareholders. (a) Subject to Section 2.04(b), the Shareholder shall not Transfer any of its Company Securities, except to one or more of its Permitted Transferees in accordance with Section 2.03 or as follows: (i) in a Public Offering in connection with the exercise of its rights under Article 3 subject to the limitations set forth therein, (ii) [insert only in agreement for any shareholder who is 65 or older at the time this agreement is executed] in a Transfer in compliance with Rule 144 made at any time following the second anniversary of the Closing, (iii) following the termination of the employment of such Shareholder by the Company due to the Shareholder's death or disability, in a Transfer in compliance with Rule 144, or (iv) subject to the approval of the Underwritten Offering Committee, in a Transfer with or without consideration of any kind (A) to a spouse, lineal descendant, sibling or parent of the Shareholder (each, a "Family Member", (B) a trust that is for the exclusive benefit of the Shareholder and or one or more Family Members and/or any institution qualified as tax exempt under Section 5.01(c)(3) of the Code ("Charitable Organization") or (C) any Charitable Organization (provided, however, that any such transferee shall have agreed in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, and such Transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and any other applicable securities or "blue sky" laws). (b) The restrictions on Transfers set forth in Section 2.04(a) shall terminate on the Restriction Termination Date, provided that the restrictions on Transfers set forth in Section 2.04(a) shall not terminate with respect to those Company Securities that shall have been pledged to the Company as security in 8 connection with the Employment Agreement until such time as the Non-Compete Provisions shall have expired. ARTICLE 3 REGISTRATION RIGHTS Section 3.01. Demand Registration. (a) The Company shall give prompt notice to the Shareholder (so long as the Shareholder is an Eligible Shareholder) of each Window Period, which notice shall specify the Maximum Share Number. If at any time during a Window Period or at any time following the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company shall receive a request from the Shareholder (the "Requesting Shareholder") that the Company effect the registration under the Securities Act of all or any portion of such Requesting Shareholder's Registrable Securities, and specifying the intended method of disposition thereof, then the Company shall promptly give notice of such requested registration (each such request shall be referred to herein as a "Demand Registration") to the Other Shareholders. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to effect, as expeditiously as possible, subject to the restrictions in Section 3.01(c), the registration under the Securities Act of the Registrable Securities for which the Requesting Shareholders have requested registration under this Section 3.01 and all other Registrable Securities of the same class as those requested to be registered by the Requesting Shareholders that any Other Shareholders with rights to request registration under Section 3.02 (all such Other Shareholders, together with the Requesting Shareholders, the "Registering Shareholders") have requested the Company to register by request received by the Company within 5 Business Days after such Other Shareholders receive the Company's notice of the Demand Registration, all to the extent necessary to permit the disposition (in accordance with the intended methods thereof as aforesaid) of the Registrable Securities so to be registered, provided that, (i) subject to Section 3.01(d), the Company shall not be obligated to effect more than two Demand Registrations in any twelve-month period, (ii) the Company shall not be obligated to effect a Demand Registration unless the aggregate number of shares of the Registrable Securities requested to be included in such Demand Registration equals or exceeds 5% of the Common Shares outstanding at the time the request for the Demand Registration is made, (iii) the Company shall not be obligated to include in such registration a number of Registrable Securities of the Shareholder which exceeds such Shareholder's Pro Rata Portion (unless any Other Shareholder who is an Eligible Shareholder shall choose not to participate 9 in such registration up to the full amount of such Other Shareholder's Pro Rata Portion, in which case each Registering Shareholder may choose to increase the number of Registrable Securities to be included in such registration by his Pro Rata Portion of the Shortfall subject to the provisions of Section 3.01(e)). (iv) the Company shall not be required to effect the registration of Registrable Securities in excess of the Maximum Share Number (the limitations in clauses (ii), (iii) and (iv), collectively, the "Public Offering Limitations"), (v) in no event shall the Company be required to effect a Demand Registration from any Requesting Shareholder unless such Requesting Shareholder at the time the request is made (w) continues to provide services to the Company or a Subsidiary, or (x) has suffered a termination of employment by the Company or a Subsidiary resulting from a disability, or (y) is a Permitted Transferee, or (z) has retired from the Company at the age of 65 or older having completed not less than two years of employment by the Company of a Subsidiary following the Closing Date (a Shareholder who fulfills the criteria in clauses (w)-(z) of this Section 3.01(a)(v), an "Eligible Shareholder"). (b) Promptly after the expiration of the 5-Business Day-period referred to in Section 3.01(a), the Company will notify all Registering Shareholders of the identities of the other Registering Shareholders and the number of shares of Registrable Securities requested to be included therein. At any time prior to the effective date of the registration statement relating to such registration, the Requesting Shareholder may revoke such request, without liability to any of the other Registering Shareholders, by providing a notice to the Company revoking such request. A request, so revoked, shall be considered to be a Demand Registration unless (i) such revocation arose out of the fault of the Company (in which case the Company shall be obligated to pay all Registration Expenses in connection with such revoked request), or (ii) the Requesting Shareholder reimburses the Company for all Registration Expenses of such revoked request. (c) The Company shall be liable for and pay all Registration Expenses in connection with any Demand Registration, regardless of whether such Registration is effected, except as set forth in Section 3.01(b). (d) A Demand Registration shall not be deemed to have occurred: (i) unless the registration statement relating thereto (A) has become effective under the Securities Act and (B) has remained effective for a period of at least 180 days (or such shorter period in which all Registrable Securities of the Registering Shareholders included in such 10 registration have actually been sold thereunder), provided that such registration statement shall not be considered a Demand Registration if, after such registration statement becomes effective, (1) such registration statement is interfered with by any stop order, injunction or other order or requirement of the SEC or other governmental agency or court and (2) less than 75% of the Registrable Securities included in such registration statement have been sold thereunder; or (ii) if the Maximum Offering Size is reduced in accordance with Section 3.01(e) such that less than 66 2/3% of the Registrable Securities of the Registering Shareholders sought to be included in such registration are included. (e) If a Demand Registration involves an underwritten Public Offering and the managing underwriter advises the Company and the Registering Shareholders that, in its view, the number of shares of Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration (including any securities that the Company proposes to be included that are not Registrable Securities) exceeds the largest number of shares that can be sold without having an adverse effect on such offering, including the price at which such shares can be sold (the "Maximum Offering Size"), the Company shall include in such registration, in the priority listed below, up to the Maximum Offering Size: (i) first, all Registrable Securities requested to be registered by the Registering Shareholders who are Eligible Shareholders (allocated, if necessary for the offering not to exceed the Maximum Offering Size, pro rata among such Registering Shareholders on the basis of the relative number of Registrable Securities so requested to be included in such registration by each such Registering Shareholder), (ii) any securities proposed to be registered by the Company or any securities proposed to be registered for the account of any other Persons (other than Other Shareholders), with such priorities among them as the Company shall determine, in each case, subject to the RFG Priority and provided, that, in the event any Shareholder or Other Shareholder shall have incurred any Increased Taxes which are subject to an indemnification obligation of the Company under the Tax Indemnification Agreement, then the Underwritten Offering Committee may alter the priorities set forth in Section 3.01(e)(i) so as to permit such Shareholder and/or Other Shareholders to include a relatively larger number of Registrable Securities. (f) Upon notice to each Requesting Shareholder, the Company may postpone effecting a registration pursuant to this Section 3.01 on one occasion 11 during any period of six consecutive months for a reasonable time specified in the notice but not exceeding 90 days (which period may not be extended or renewed), if (i) an investment banking firm of recognized national standing shall advise the Company and the Requesting Shareholders in writing that effecting the registration would materially and adversely affect an offering of securities of such Company the preparation of which had then been commenced or (ii) the Company is in possession of material non-public information the disclosure of which during the period specified in such notice the Company reasonably believes would not be in the best interests of the Company. Section 3.02. Piggyback Registration. (a) If the Company proposes to register any of the equity securities issued by it under the Securities Act (other than a registration on Form S-8 or S-4, or any successor forms, relating to Common Shares issuable upon exercise of employee stock options or in connection with any employee benefit or similar plan of the Company or in connection with a direct or indirect acquisition by the Company of another Person), whether or not for sale for its own account, the Company shall each such time give prompt notice at least 15 Business Days prior to the anticipated filing date of the registration statement relating to such registration to the Shareholder (so long as the Shareholder is then an Eligible Shareholder), which notice shall set forth such Shareholder's rights under this Section 3.02 and shall offer such Shareholder the opportunity to include in such registration statement the number of Registrable Securities of the same class or series as those proposed to be registered as such Shareholder may request (a "Piggyback Registration"), subject to the provisions of Section 3.02(b) and the Public Offering Limitations. Upon the request of such Shareholder (if such Shareholder is then an Eligible Shareholder) made within 5 Business Days after the receipt of notice from the Company (which request shall specify the number of Registrable Securities intended to be registered by such Shareholder), the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to effect the registration under the Securities Act of all Registrable Securities that the Company has been so requested to register by all such other Shareholders, to the extent necessary to permit the disposition of the Registrable Securities so to be registered, provided that (i) if such registration involves an underwritten Public Offering, all such Shareholders requesting to be included in the Company's registration must sell their Registrable Securities to the underwriters selected by the Company in on the same terms and conditions as apply to the Company or the Requesting Shareholders, as applicable, and (ii) if, at any time after giving notice of its intention to register any Company Securities pursuant to this Section 3.02(a) and prior to the effective date of the registration statement filed in connection with such registration, the Company shall determine for any reason not to register such securities, the Company shall give notice to all such Shareholders and, thereupon, shall be relieved of its obligation to register any Registrable Securities in connection with such registration. No registration effected under this Section 3.02 shall relieve the Company of its obligations to 12 effect a Demand Registration to the extent required by Section 3.01. The Company shall pay all Registration Expenses in connection with each Piggyback Registration. (b) If a Piggyback Registration involves an underwritten Public Offering (other than any Demand Registration, in which case the provisions with respect to priority of inclusion in such offering set forth in Section 3.01(e) shall apply) and the managing underwriter advises the Company that, in its view, the number of Shares that the Company and such Shareholders intend to include in such registration exceeds the Maximum Offering Size, the Company shall include in such registration, in the following priority, up to the Maximum Offering Size: (i) first, so much of the Company Securities proposed to be registered for the account of the Company as would not cause the offering to exceed the Maximum Offering Size, and (ii) second, all Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by any Shareholders who are Eligible Shareholders pursuant to Section 3.02 (allocated, if necessary for the offering not to exceed the Maximum Offering Size, pro rata among such Shareholders on the basis of the relative number of shares of Registrable Securities so requested to be included in such registration by each), and (iii) third, any securities proposed to be registered for the account of any other Persons with such priorities among them as the Company shall determine, in each case, subject to the RFG Priority and provided, that, in the event any Shareholder or Other Shareholder shall have incurred any Increased Taxes which are subject to an indemnification obligation of the Company under the Tax Indemnification Agreement, then the Underwriters Offering Committee may alter the priorities set forth in this Section 3.02(b) so as to permit such Shareholder and/or Other Shareholders to include a relatively larger number of Registrable Securities. Section 3.03. Lock-Up Agreements. If any registration of Registrable Securities shall be effected in connection with a Public Offering, neither the Company nor the Shareholder shall effect any public sale or distribution, including any sale pursuant to Rule 144, of any Company Securities or other security of the Company (except as part of such Public Offering) during the period beginning 14 days prior to the effective date of the applicable registration statement until the earlier of (i) such time as the Company and the lead managing underwriter shall agree and (ii) 180 days (such period, the "Lock-Up Period" for the applicable registration statement). 13 Section 3.04. Registration Procedures. Whenever a Shareholder request that any Registrable Securities be registered pursuant to Section 3.01 or 3.02, subject to the provisions of such Sections, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to effect the registration and the sale of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method of disposition thereof as quickly as practicable, and, in connection with any such request: (a) The Company shall as expeditiously as possible prepare and file with the SEC a registration statement on any form for which the Company then qualifies or that counsel for the Company shall deem appropriate and which form shall be available for the sale of the Registrable Securities to be registered thereunder in accordance with the intended method of distribution thereof, and use its reasonable best efforts to cause such filed registration statement to become and remain effective for a period of not less than 180 days, or in the case of a shelf registration statement, one year (or such shorter period in which all of the Registrable Securities of the Registering Shareholders included in such registration statement shall have actually been sold thereunder). (b) Prior to filing a registration statement or prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, the Company shall, if requested, furnish to each participating Shareholder and each underwriter, if any, of the Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement copies of such registration statement as proposed to be filed, and thereafter the Company shall furnish to such Shareholder and underwriter, if any, such number of copies of such registration statement, each amendment and supplement thereto (in each case including all exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein), the prospectus included in such registration statement (including each preliminary prospectus and any summary prospectus) and any other prospectus filed under Rule 424 or Rule 430A under the Securities Act and such other documents as such Shareholder or underwriter may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such Shareholder. The Shareholder shall have the right to request that the Company modify any information contained in such registration statement, amendment and supplement thereto pertaining to such Shareholder and the Company shall use its all reasonable best efforts to comply with such request, provided, however, that the Company shall not have any obligation so to modify any information if the Company reasonably expects that so doing would cause the prospectus to contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. (c) After the filing of the registration statement, the Company shall (i) cause the related prospectus to be supplemented by any required prospectus supplement, and, as so supplemented, to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act, (ii) comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities covered by such registration 14 statement during the applicable period in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the Registering Shareholders thereof set forth in such registration statement or supplement to such prospectus and (iii) promptly notify each Registering Shareholder holding Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement of any stop order issued or threatened by the SEC or any state securities commission and take all reasonable actions required to prevent the entry of such stop order or to remove it if entered. (d) The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to (i) register or qualify the Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement under such other securities or "blue sky" laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as any Registering Shareholder holding such Registrable Securities reasonably (in light of such Shareholder's intended plan of distribution) requests and (ii) cause such Registrable Securities to be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary by virtue of the business and operations of the Company and do any and all other acts and things that may be reasonably necessary or advisable to enable such Shareholder to consummate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such Shareholder, provided that the Company shall not be required to (A) qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 3.04(d), (B) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction or (C) consent to general service of process in any such jurisdiction. (e) The Company shall immediately notify each Registering Shareholder holding such Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement, at any time when a prospectus relating thereto is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, of the occurrence of an event requiring the preparation of a supplement or amendment to such prospectus so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of such Registrable Securities, such prospectus will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and promptly prepare and make available to each such Shareholder and file with the SEC any such supplement or amendment. (f) The Company shall select an underwriter or underwriters in connection with any Public Offering. In connection with any Public Offering, the Company shall enter into customary agreements (including an underwriting agreement in customary form) and take such all other actions as are reasonably required in order to expedite or facilitate the disposition of such Registrable Securities in any such Public Offering, including the engagement of a "qualified independent underwriter" in connection with the qualification of the underwriting arrangements with the NASD. 15 (g) Upon execution of confidentiality agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company, the Company shall make available for inspection by any Registering Shareholder and any underwriter participating in any disposition pursuant to a registration statement being filed by the Company pursuant to this Section 3.04 and any attorney, accountant or other professional retained by any such Shareholder or underwriter (collectively, the "Inspectors"), all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company (collectively, the "Records") as shall be reasonably necessary or desirable to enable them to exercise their due diligence responsibility, and cause the Company's officers, directors and employees to supply all information reasonably requested by any Inspectors in connection with such registration statement. Records that the Company determines, in good faith, to be confidential and that it notifies the Inspectors are confidential shall not be disclosed by the Inspectors unless (i) the disclosure of such Records is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in such registration statement or (ii) the release of such Records is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other order from a court of competent jurisdiction. The Shareholder agrees that information obtained by it as a result of such inspections shall be deemed confidential and shall not be used by it or its Affiliates as the basis for any market transactions in the Company Securities unless and until such information is made generally available to the public. The Shareholder further agrees that, upon learning that disclosure of such Records is sought in a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall give notice to the Company and allow the Company, at its expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of the Records deemed confidential. (h) The Company shall furnish to each Registering Shareholder and to each such underwriter, if any, a signed counterpart, addressed to such Shareholder or underwriter, of (i) an opinion or opinions of counsel to the Company and (ii) a comfort letter or comfort letters from the Company's independent public accountants, each in customary form and covering such matters of the kind customarily covered by opinions or comfort letters, as the case may be, as a majority of the Registering Shareholders therefor reasonably requests. (i) The Company shall otherwise use its reasonable best efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, and make available to its security holders, as soon as reasonably practicable, an earnings statement or such other document shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 thereunder. (j) The Company may require each such Registering Shareholder promptly to furnish in writing to the Company such information regarding the distribution of the Registrable Securities as the Company may from time to time reasonably request and such other information as may be legally required in connection with such registration. 16 (k) The Shareholder agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 3.04(e), such Shareholder shall forthwith discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to the registration statement covering such Registrable Securities until such Shareholder's receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus contemplated by Section 3.04(e), and, if so directed by the Company, such Shareholder shall deliver to the Company all copies, other than any permanent file copies then in such Shareholder's possession, of the most recent prospectus covering such Registrable Securities at the time of receipt of such notice. If the Company shall give such notice, the Company shall extend the period during which such registration statement shall be maintained effective (including the period referred to in Section 3.04(a)) by the number of days during the period from and including the date of the giving of notice pursuant to Section 3.04(e) to the date when the Company shall make available to such Shareholder a prospectus supplemented or amended to conform with the requirements of Section 3.04(e). (l) The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to list all Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement on any securities exchange or quotation system on which any of the Registrable Securities are then listed or traded. (m) The Company shall have appropriate officers of the Company (i) prepare and make presentations at any "road shows" and before analysts and rating agencies, as the case may be, (ii) take other actions to obtain ratings for any Registrable Securities and (iii) otherwise use their reasonable best efforts to cooperate as reasonably requested by the underwriters in the offering, marketing or selling of the Registrable Securities. Section 3.05 . Indemnification by the Company. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Registering Shareholder holding Registrable Securities covered by a registration statement, its officers, directors, employees, partners and agents, and each Person, if any, who controls such Shareholder within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses (including reasonable expenses of investigation and reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) ("Damages") caused by or relating to any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any registration statement or prospectus relating to the Registrable Securities (as amended or supplemented if the Company shall have furnished any amendments or supplements thereto) or any preliminary prospectus, or caused by or relating to any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, except insofar as such Damages are caused by or related to any such untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission so made based upon information 17 furnished in writing to the Company by such Shareholder or on such Shareholder's behalf expressly for use therein, provided that, with respect to any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in any preliminary prospectus, or in any prospectus, as the case may be, the indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph shall not apply to the extent that any Damages result from the fact that a current copy of the prospectus (or such amended or supplemented prospectus, as the case may be) was not sent or given to the Person asserting any such Damages at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of the Registrable Securities concerned to such Person if it is determined that the Company has provided such prospectus to such Shareholder and it was the responsibility of such Shareholder to provide such Person with a current copy of the prospectus (or such amended or supplemented prospectus, as the case may be) and such current copy of the prospectus (or such amended or supplemented prospectus, as the case may be) would have cured the defect giving rise to such Damages. The Company also agrees to indemnify any underwriters of the Registrable Securities, their officers and directors and each Person who controls such underwriters within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act on substantially the same basis as that of the indemnification of the Shareholders provided in this Section 3.05. Section 3.06. Indemnification by Participating Shareholders. The Shareholder if holding Registrable Securities included in any registration statement agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its officers, directors and agents and each Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to such Shareholder, but only (i) with respect to information furnished in writing by such Shareholder or on such Shareholder's behalf expressly for use in any registration statement or prospectus relating to the Registrable Securities, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any preliminary prospectus or (ii) to the extent that any Damages result from the fact that a current copy of the prospectus (or such amended or supplemented prospectus, as the case may be) was not sent or given to the Person asserting any such Damages at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of the Registrable Securities concerned to such Person if it is determined that it was the responsibility of such Shareholder to provide such Person with a current copy of the prospectus (or such amended or supplemented prospectus, as the case may be) and such current copy of the prospectus (or such amended or supplemented prospectus, as the case may be) would have cured the defect giving rise to such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense. The Shareholder also agrees to indemnify and hold harmless underwriters of the Registrable Securities, their officers and directors and each Person who controls such underwriters within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act on substantially the same basis as that of the indemnification of the Company provided in this Section 3.06. As a condition to 18 including Registrable Securities in any registration statement filed in accordance with Article 3, the Company may require that it shall have received an undertaking reasonably satisfactory to it from any underwriter to indemnify and hold it harmless to the extent customarily provided by underwriters with respect to similar securities. No Registering Shareholder shall be liable under this Section 3.06 for any Damages in excess of the net proceeds realized by such Shareholder in the sale of Registrable Securities of such Shareholder to which such Damages relate. Section 3.07. Conduct of Indemnification Proceedings. If any proceeding (including any governmental investigation) shall be instituted involving any Person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Article 3, such Person (an "Indemnified Party") shall promptly notify the Person against whom such indemnity may be sought (the "Indemnifying Party") in writing and the Indemnifying Party shall assume the defense thereof, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Party, and shall assume the payment of all fees and expenses, provided that the failure of any Indemnified Party so to notify the Indemnifying Party shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its obligations hereunder except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party is materially prejudiced by such failure to notify. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Party unless (i) the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall have mutually agreed to the retention of such counsel or (ii) in the reasonable judgment of such Indemnified Party representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. It is understood that, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, the Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for the reasonable fees and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys (in addition to any local counsel) at any time for all such Indemnified Parties, and that all such fees and expenses shall be reimbursed as they are incurred. In the case of any such separate firm for the Indemnified Parties, such firm shall be designated in writing by the Indemnified Parties. The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent, or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the Indemnifying Party shall indemnify and hold harmless such Indemnified Parties from and against any loss or liability (to the extent stated above) by reason of such settlement or judgment. Without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, no Indemnifying Party shall effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability arising out of such proceeding. 19 Section 3.08. Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in this Article 3 is unavailable to the Indemnified Parties in respect of any Damages, then each such Indemnifying Party, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such Damages (i) as between the Company and the Registering Shareholder holding Registrable Securities covered by a registration statement on the one hand and the underwriters on the other, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company and such Shareholder on the one hand and the underwriters on the other, from the offering of the Registrable Securities, or if such allocation is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company and such Shareholder on the one hand and of such underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such Damages, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations and (ii) as between the Company on the one hand and such Shareholder on the other, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the Company and of such Shareholder in connection with such statements or omissions, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company and such Shareholder on the one hand and such underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total proceeds from the offering (net of underwriting discounts and commissions but before deducting expenses) received by the Company and such Shareholder bear to the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by such underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the prospectus. The relative fault of the Company and such Shareholder on the one hand and of such underwriters on the other shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company and such Shareholder or by such underwriters. The relative fault of the Company on the one hand and of such Shareholder on the other shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by such party, and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Shareholder agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 3.08 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Party as a result of the Damages referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by 20 such Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 3.08, no underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Registrable Securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any Damages that such underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission, and no Registering Shareholder shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Registrable Securities of such Shareholder were offered to the public (less underwriters' discounts and commissions) exceeds the amount of any Damages that such Shareholder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. Section 3.09. Participation in Public Offering. No Person may participate in any Public Offering hereunder unless such Person (a) agrees to sell such Person's securities on the basis provided in any underwriting arrangements approved by the Persons entitled hereunder to approve such arrangements and (b) completes and executes all questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements and the provisions of this Agreement in respect of registration rights. Section 3.10. Other Indemnification. Indemnification similar to that specified herein (with appropriate modifications) shall be given by the Company and the Registering Shareholder participating therein with respect to any required registration or other qualification of securities under any federal or state law or regulation or governmental authority other than the Securities Act. Section 3.11. Cooperation by the Company. If the Shareholder shall transfer any Registrable Securities pursuant to Rule 144, the Company shall cooperate, to the extent commercially reasonable, with the Shareholder and shall provide to the Shareholder such information as the Shareholder shall reasonably request. Section 3.12. No Transfer of Registration Rights. None of the rights of the Shareholder under this Article 3 shall be assignable by any Shareholder to any Person acquiring Securities in any Public Offering or pursuant to Rule 144. Section 3.13. Underwritten Offering Committee. The Shareholder acknowledges that the Board has the power, at any time, to alter the composition, mandate and authority of the Underwritten Offering Committee. The Shareholder 21 has been informed by the Company that the Underwritten Offering Committee (i) shall initially consist of Robert F. Greenhill, who will chair the committee, Scott L. Bok and Simon A. Borrows, and (ii) may act with the approval either of (x) Mr. Greenhill, individually, or (y) Messrs. Bok and Borrows, jointly. ARTICLE 4 CERTAIN COVENANTS AND AGREEMENTS Section 4.01. Limitations on Subsequent Registration Rights. The Company agrees that it shall not enter into any agreement with any holder or prospective holder of any securities of the Company (or amend any such agreement) or amend any other transfer rights agreement entered into concurrently herewith (a) that would allow such holder or prospective holder to include such securities in any Demand Registration or Piggyback Registration unless, under the terms of such agreement, such holder or prospective holder may include such securities in any such registration only to the extent that their inclusion would not reduce the amount of the Registrable Securities of the Shareholder included therein or (b) on terms otherwise more favorable than this Agreement. The Company also represents and warrants to the Shareholder that it has not previously entered into any agreement with respect to any of its securities granting any registration rights to any Person. Section 4.02. Conflicting Agreements. Each of the Company and the Shareholder represents and agrees that it shall not (a)enter into any agreement or arrangement of any kind with any Person with respect to its Company Securities inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement or for the purpose or with the effect of denying or reducing the rights of the Shareholder under this Agreement or (b) act, for any reason, as a member of a group or in concert with any other Person in connection with the Transfer of its Company Securities in any manner that is inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement. ARTICLE 5 MISCELLANEOUS Section 5.01. Binding Effect; Assignability; Benefit. (a) This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective heirs, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns. The Shareholder shall cease to be bound by the terms hereof when the Shareholder ceases to own beneficially any Company Securities (other than (i) the provisions of Sections 3.05, 3.06, 3.07, 3.08 and 3.10 applicable to such Shareholder with respect to any offering of Registrable Securities completed before the date such 22 Shareholder ceased to own any Company Securities and (ii) Sections 5.02, 5.04 5.05, 5.06, 5.07 and 5.08). (b) Neither this Agreement nor any right, remedy, obligation or liability arising hereunder or by reason hereof shall be assignable by any party hereto pursuant to any Transfer of Company Securities or otherwise, except that any Permitted Transferee acquiring Company Securities shall (unless already bound hereby) execute and deliver to the Company an agreement to be bound by this Agreement in the form of Exhibit A hereto and shall thenceforth be a "Shareholder". (c) Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, is intended to confer on any Person other than the parties hereto, and their respective heirs, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns, any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement. Section 5.02. Notices. All notices, requests and other communications to any party shall be in writing and shall be delivered in person, mailed by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, or sent by facsimile transmission, if to the Company to: Greenhill & Co., Inc. 300 Park Avenue New York, New York 10022 Attention: [___] Fax: 212-389-1700 with a copy to: Davis Polk & Wardwell 450 Lexington Avenue New York, New York 10017 Attention: Fax: (212) 450-3800 if to Shareholder, to: [Name of Shareholder] [address] Attention: Fax: All notices, requests and other communications shall be deemed received on the date of receipt by the recipient thereof if received prior to 5:00 p.m. in the place of receipt and such day is a Business Day in the place of receipt. Otherwise, 23 any such notice, request or communication shall be deemed not to have been received until the next succeeding Business Day in the place of receipt. Any notice, request or other written communication sent by facsimile transmission shall be confirmed by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, posted within one Business Day, or by personal delivery, whether courier or otherwise, made within two Business Days after the date of such facsimile transmissions. Any Person that becomes a Shareholder shall provide its address and fax number to the Company. Section 5.03. Waiver; Amendment; Termination.(a) No provision of this Agreement may be waived except by an instrument in writing executed by the party against whom the waiver is to be effective. No provision of this Agreement may be amended or otherwise modified except by an instrument in writing executed by the Company with approval of the Board. (b) This Agreement shall terminate on the tenth anniversary of the date hereof unless earlier terminated. Section 5.04. Fees and Expenses. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, each party hereto shall pay its own fees and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation of this Agreement, or any amendment or waiver hereof, and the transactions contemplated hereby and all matters related hereto. Section 5.05. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, without regard to the conflicts of laws rules of such state. Section 5.06. Jurisdiction. The parties hereby agree that any suit, action or proceeding seeking to enforce any provision of, or based on any matter arising out of or in connection with, this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby shall be brought in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York or any New York State court sitting in New York City, so long as one of such courts shall have subject matter jurisdiction over such suit, action or proceeding, and that any case of action arising out of this Agreement shall be deemed to have arisen from a transaction of business in the State of New York, and each of the parties hereby irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such suit, action or proceeding and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding in any such court or that any such suit, action or proceeding which is brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient form. Process in any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on any party anywhere in the world, whether within or without the jurisdiction of any such court. Without limiting the foregoing, each party agrees that service of 24 process on such party as provided in Section 5.02 shall be deemed effective service of process on such party. Section 5.07. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. Section 5.08. Specific Enforcement. Each party hereto acknowledges that the remedies at law of the other parties for a breach or threatened breach of this Agreement would be inadequate and, in recognition of this fact, any party to this Agreement, without posting any bond, and in addition to all other remedies that may be available, shall be entitled to obtain equitable relief in the form of specific performance, a temporary restraining order, a temporary or permanent injunction or any other equitable remedy that may then be available. Section 5.09. Counterparts; Effectiveness. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. This Agreement shall become effective when each party hereto shall have received counterparts hereof signed by all of the other parties hereto. Section 5.10. Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the Employment Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties hereto and supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings, both oral and written, among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. Section 5.11. Captions. The captions herein are included for convenience of reference only and shall be ignored in the construction or interpretation hereof. Section 5.12 . Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated. 25 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized officers as of the day and year first above written. GREENHILL & CO., INC. By: ------------------------------------ Name: Title: By: ------------------------------------ Name: EXHIBIT A JOINDER TO TRANSFER RIGHTS AGREEMENT This Joinder Agreement (this "Joinder Agreement") is made as of the date written below by the undersigned (the "Joining Party") in accordance with the Transfer Rights Agreement dated as of June ___, 2004 (the "Transfer Rights Agreement") among Greenhill & Co., Inc. and [name of MD], as the same may be amended from time to time. Capitalized terms used, but not defined, herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Transfer Rights Agreement. The Joining Party hereby acknowledges, agrees and confirms that, by its execution of this Joinder Agreement, the Joining Party shall be deemed to be a party to the Transfer Rights Agreement as of the date hereof and shall have all of the rights and obligations of a "Shareholder" thereunder as if it had executed the Transfer Rights Agreement. The Joining Party hereby ratifies, as of the date hereof, and agrees to be bound by, all of the terms, provisions and conditions contained in the Transfer Rights Agreement. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Joinder Agreement as of the date written below. Date: , ----------- --- ------ [NAME OF JOINING PARTY] By: ------------------------------------ Name: Title: Address for Notices:
Exhibit 10.6 GREENHILL & CO., INC. INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT This Indemnification Agreement (the "AGREEMENT") is made as of ________ ___, 2004 by and between Greenhill & Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), and _________________ (the "INDEMNITEE"). WHEREAS, the Company and the Indemnitee recognize the difficulty in obtaining directors' and officers' liability insurance, the cost of such insurance and the limited scope of coverage of such insurance; WHEREAS, the Company and the Indemnitee further recognize the substantial increase in corporate litigation in general, subjecting officers and directors to expensive litigation risks at the same time as the availability and coverage of liability insurance has been severely limited; and WHEREAS, the Company desires to attract and retain the services of highly qualified individuals, such as the Indemnitee, to serve as officers and directors of the Company and to indemnify its officers and directors so as to provide them with the maximum protection permitted by law. NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Indemnitee hereby agree as follows: 1. Indemnification; Presumptions. (a) The Company shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Indemnitee from any Losses or Expenses arising from any Claim relating to, or arising in whole or in part out of, any Covered Event actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law on the date hereof, or to such greater extent as applicable law may thereafter permit or authorize. (b) The termination of any Claim by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendre or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner reasonably relied to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and with respect to any criminal Claim, that Indemnitee had reason to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. 2. Definitions. "CLAIM" means (a) any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, proceeding or arbitration or other alternative dispute resolution mechanism, or (b) any inquiry, hearing or investigation, whether conducted by the Company or any other Person, that Indemnitee in good faith believes might lead to the institution of any such action, suit, proceeding or arbitration or other alternative dispute resolution mechanism, in each case whether civil, criminal, administrative or other (whether or not the claims or allegations therein are groundless, false or fraudulent) and includes, without limitation, those brought by or in the name of the Company or any director or officer of the Company. "COMPANY AGENT" means any Person serving as a director, officer, partner, employee, agent, trustee or fiduciary of the Company, any Subsidiary or any Other Enterprise. "COVERED EVENT" means any event or occurrence on or after the date of this Agreement related to the fact that Indemnitee is or was a Company Agent or related to anything done or not done by Indemnitee in any such capacity, and includes, without limitation, any such event or occurrence (a) arising from performance of the responsibilities, obligations or duties imposed by ERISA or any similar applicable provisions of state or common law, or (b) arising from any merger, consolidation or other business combination involving the Company, any Subsidiary or any Other Enterprise, including without limitation any sale or other transfer of all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company, any Subsidiary or any Other Enterprise. "EXPENSES" includes attorneys' fees and all other costs, travel expenses, fees of experts, transcript costs, filing fees, witness fees, telephone charges, postage, copying costs, delivery services fees and other expenses and obligations of any nature whatsoever paid or incurred in connection with investigating, prosecuting or defending, being a witness in or participating in (including on appeal), or preparing to prosecute or defend, be a witness in or participate in any Claim, for which Indemnitee is or becomes legally obligated to pay. "LOSS" means any amount which Indemnitee is legally obligated to pay as a result of any Claim, including, without limitation (a) all judgments, penalties and fines, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, and (b) all interest, assessments and other charges paid or payable in connection therewith. "OTHER ENTERPRISE" means any corporation (other than the Company or any Subsidiary), partnership, joint venture, association, employee benefit plan, trust or other enterprise or organization for which Indemnitee acts as a Company Agent at the request of the Company or any Subsidiary. Indemnitee shall be deemed to be acting as a Company Agent of an Other Enterprise at the request of the Company with respect to any Other Enterprise in which the Company or any Subsidiary has an investment as to which Indemnitee shall act as a Company Agent from time to time. Indemnitee shall be deemed to be acting as a Company Agent of an Other Enterprise at the request of the Company, if Indemnitee acts as a Company Agent of an Other Enterprise at the written or oral request of the Board of Directors of the Company or of any Subsidiary by which the Indemnitee is employed from time to time, at the written or oral request of an Executive -2- Officer of the Company or of any Subsidiary by which the Indemnitee is employed from time to time or if Indemnitee acts as a Company Agent of an Other Enterprise by reason of being requested, elected, hired or retained to succeed or assume the responsibilities of a Person who previously acted as a Company Agent of an Other Enterprise at the request of the Company. "PERSON" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government (or any subdivision, department, commission or agency thereof), and includes without limitation any "person", as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. "SUBSIDIARY" means any corporation of which more than 50% of the outstanding stock having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors of such corporation is now or hereafter owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company. 3. Expenses; Indemnification Procedure. (a) Advancement of Expenses. Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding by the Indemnitee, if the Indemnitee is determined to be entitled to indemnification pursuant to Section 1, shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company as authorized by this Agreement (the "UNDERTAKING"); provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to advance expenses to the Indemnitee in connection with any proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by the Indemnitee unless the proceeding was authorized in advance by the Board of Directors of the Company; and provided further that no advance shall be made by the Company to the Indemnitee in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i) by a majority vote of disinterested directors or (ii) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that the facts known to the decision-making party at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that the Indemnitee acted in bad faith or in a manner that the Indemnitee did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company. The Indemnitee shall be entitled to receive interim payments of expenses pursuant to this Subsection (a) unless and until such defense may be finally adjudicated by court order or judgment from which no further right of appeal exists. (b) Notice/Cooperation by the Indemnitee. The Indemnitee shall, as a condition precedent to his or her right to be indemnified under this Agreement, give the Company notice in writing as soon as practicable of any claim made against the Indemnitee for which indemnification will or could be -3- sought under this Agreement. Notice to the Company shall be directed to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company at the address shown on the signature page of this Agreement (or such other address as the Company shall designate in writing to the Indemnitee). In addition, the Indemnitee shall give the Company such information and cooperation as it may reasonably require and as shall be within the Indemnitee's power. (c) Procedure. Any indemnification and advances determined proper in accordance with this Agreement shall be made no later than 45 days after such determination. If a claim under this Agreement, under any statute, or under any provision of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or Amended and Restated Bylaws providing for indemnification, is not paid in full by the Company within 45 days after such determination, the Indemnitee may, but need not, at any time thereafter bring an action against the Company to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, subject to Section 14 of this Agreement, the Indemnitee shall also be entitled to be paid for the expenses (including attorneys' fees) of bringing such action. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding in advance of its final disposition) that the Indemnitee has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under applicable law for the Company to indemnify the Indemnitee for the amount claimed. (d) Notice to Insurers. If, at the time of the receipt of a notice of a claim pursuant to Section 3(b) hereof, the Company has director and officer liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies. The Company shall thereafter take all reasonable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of the Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies. (e) Selection of Counsel. In the event the Company shall be obligated under Section 3(a) hereof to pay the expenses of any proceeding against the Indemnitee, the Company, if appropriate, shall be entitled to assume the defense of such proceeding, with counsel approved by the Indemnitee (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld), upon the delivery to the Indemnitee of written notice of its election so to do. After delivery of such notice, approval of such counsel by the Indemnitee and the retention of such counsel by the Company, the Company will not be liable to the Indemnitee under this Agreement for any fees of counsel subsequently incurred by the Indemnitee with respect to the same proceeding, provided that (i) the Indemnitee shall have the right to employ his or her counsel in any such proceeding at the Indemnitee's expense; and (ii) if (A) the employment of counsel by the Indemnitee has been previously authorized by the Company, (B) the Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest between the Company and the Indemnitee -4- in the conduct of any such defense, or (C) the Company shall not, in fact, have employed counsel to assume the defense of such proceeding, then the fees and expenses of the Indemnitee's counsel shall be at the expense of the Company. 4. Additional Indemnification Rights; Nonexclusivity. (a) Scope. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company hereby agrees to indemnify the Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by law, notwithstanding that such indemnification is not specifically authorized by the other provisions of this Agreement, the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Company's Amended and Restated Bylaws or by statute. In the event of any change in any applicable law, statute or rule which narrows the right of a Delaware corporation to indemnify a member of its board of directors or an officer, such changes, to the extent not otherwise required by such law, statute or rule to be applied to this Agreement shall have no effect on this Agreement or the parties' rights and obligations hereunder. (b) Nonexclusivity. The indemnification provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights to which the Indemnitee may be entitled under the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, its Amended and Restated Bylaws, any agreement, any vote of shareholders or disinterested directors, the Delaware General Corporation Law, or otherwise, both as to action in the Indemnitee's official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. The indemnification provided under this Agreement shall continue as to the Indemnitee for any action taken or not taken while serving in an indemnified capacity even though he or she may have ceased to serve in such capacity at the time of any action, suit or other covered proceeding. 5. Partial Indemnification. If the Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some or a portion of the expenses, judgments, fines or penalties actually or reasonably incurred by him or her in the investigation, defense, appeal or settlement of any civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding, but not, however, for the total amount thereof, the Company shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee for the portion of such expenses, judgments, fines or penalties to which the Indemnitee is entitled. 6. Mutual Acknowledgment. Both the Company and the Indemnitee acknowledge that in certain instances, Federal law or applicable public policy may prohibit the Company from indemnifying its directors and officers under this Agreement or otherwise. The Indemnitee understands and acknowledges that the Company has undertaken or may be required in the future to undertake with the Securities and Exchange Commission to submit the question of indemnification to -5- a court in certain circumstances for a determination of the Company's right under public policy to indemnify the Indemnitee. 7. Officer and Director Liability Insurance. The Company may, from time to time, make the good faith determination whether or not it is practicable for the Company to obtain and maintain a policy or policies of insurance with reputable insurance companies providing the officers and directors of the Company with coverage for losses from wrongful acts, or to ensure the Company's performance of its indemnification obligations under this Agreement. Among other considerations, the Company will weigh the costs of obtaining such insurance coverage against the protection afforded by such coverage. In all policies of director and officer liability insurance, the Indemnitee shall be named as an insured in such a manner as to provide the Indemnitee the same rights and benefits as are accorded to the most favorably insured of the Company's directors, if the Indemnitee is a director; or of the Company's officers, if the Indemnitee is not a director of the Company, but is an officer; or of the Company's key employees, if the Indemnitee is not an officer or director, but is a key employee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall have no obligation to obtain or maintain such insurance if the Company determines in good faith that such insurance is not reasonably available, if the premium costs for such insurance are disproportionate to the amount of coverage provided, if the coverage provided by such insurance is limited by exclusions so as to provide an insufficient benefit, or if the Indemnitee is covered by similar insurance maintained by a subsidiary or parent of the Company. However, the Company's decision whether or not to adopt and maintain such insurance shall not affect in any way its obligations to indemnify the Indemnitee under this Agreement or otherwise. 8. Severability. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to require or shall be construed as requiring the Company to do or fail to do any act in violation of applicable law. The Company's inability, pursuant to court order, to perform its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach of this Agreement. The provisions of this Agreement shall be severable as provided in this Section 8. If this Agreement or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Company shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Agreement that shall not have been invalidated, and the balance of this Agreement not so invalidated shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms. 9. Exceptions. Any other provision herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall not be obligated pursuant to the terms of this Agreement: (a) Claims Initiated by the Indemnitee. To indemnify or advance expenses to the Indemnitee with respect to proceedings or claims initiated or brought voluntarily by the Indemnitee and not by way of defense, except with -6- respect to proceedings brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification under this Agreement or any other statute or law, but such indemnification or advancement of expenses may be provided by the Company in specific cases if the Board of Directors has approved the initiation or bringing of such suit. (b) Lack of Good Faith. To indemnify the Indemnitee for any expenses incurred by the Indemnitee with respect to any proceeding instituted by the Indemnitee to enforce or interpret this Agreement, if a court of competent jurisdiction determines that each of the material assertions made by the Indemnitee in such proceeding was not made in good faith or was frivolous. (c) Insured Claims. To indemnify the Indemnitee for expenses or liabilities of any type whatsoever (including, but not limited to, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties, and amounts paid in settlement) which have been paid directly to the Indemnitee by an insurance carrier under a policy of officers' and directors' liability insurance maintained by the Company. (d) Claims Under Section 16(b). To indemnify the Indemnitee for expenses and the payment of profits arising from the purchase and sale by the Indemnitee of securities in violation of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any similar successor statute. (e) To indemnify Indemnitee for any amounts paid or to be paid in settlement of any Claim without the express prior written consent of the Company. Neither the Company nor Indemnitee shall unreasonably withhold consent to any proposed settlement. 10. Construction of Certain Phrases. For purposes of this Agreement, references to the "Company" shall include any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that if the Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, the Indemnitee shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Agreement with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as the Indemnitee would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. 11. Effectiveness. This Agreement shall be deemed to be effective as of the commencement date of the Indemnitee's employment as an Officer or Director of the Company. 12. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original. -7- 13. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of the Indemnitee and the Indemnitee's estate, heirs, legal representatives and assigns. 14. Attorneys' Fees. In the event that any action is instituted by the Indemnitee under this Agreement to enforce or interpret any of the terms hereof, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid all court costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees, incurred by the Indemnitee with respect to such action, unless as a part of such action, the court of competent jurisdiction determines that each of the material assertions made by the Indemnitee as a basis for such action were not made in good faith or were frivolous. In the event of an action instituted by or in the name of the Company under this Agreement or to enforce or interpret any of the terms of this Agreement, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid all court costs and expenses, including attorneys' fees, incurred by the Indemnitee in defense of such action (including with respect to the Indemnitee's counterclaims and cross-claims made in such action), unless as a part of such action the court determines that each of the Indemnitee's material defenses to such action were made in bad faith or were frivolous. 15. Notice. All notices, requests, demands and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed duly given (i) if delivered by hand and receipted for by the party addressee, on the date of such receipt, or (ii) if mailed by domestic certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date postmarked. Addresses for notice to either party are as shown on the signature page of this Agreement, or as subsequently modified by written notice. 16. Consent to Jurisdiction. The Company and the Indemnitee each hereby irrevocably consent to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware for all purposes in connection with any action or proceeding which arises out of or relates to this Agreement and agree that any action instituted under this Agreement shall be brought only in the state courts of the State of Delaware. 17. Choice of Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and its provisions construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware. 18. Modification. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof. All prior negotiations, agreements and understandings between the parties with respect thereto are superseded hereby. This Agreement may not be modified or amended except by an instrument in writing signed by or on behalf of the parties hereto. -8- IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written. GREENHILL & CO., INC. By: -------------------------------- Name: Title: AGREED TO AND ACCEPTED: INDEMNITEE ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ (address) -9-
Exhibit 10.10 ================================================================================ TST 300 PARK, L.P., Landlord and GREENHILL & CO. LLC, Tenant ----- LEASE ----- Premises: The Entire Twenty-Third and a Portion of the Twenty-Fourth Floors 300 Park Avenue New York, New York Dated: February 18, 2000 ================================================================================TABLE OF CONTENTS Article 1 Basic Lease Provisions ............................ 1 Article 2 Premises, Term, Rent .............................. 4 Article 3 Use and Occupancy ................................. 5 Article 4 Condition of the Premises ......................... 7 Article 5 Alterations ....................................... 10 Article 6 Floor Load ........................................ 14 Article 7 Repairs ........................................... 14 Article 8 Increases in Taxes and Operating Expenses ......... 16 Article 9 Requirements of Law ............................... 23 Article 10 Subordination ..................................... 25 Article 11 Services .......................................... 28 Article 12 Insurance; Property Loss or Damage; Reimbursement . 32 Article 13 Destruction - Fire or Other Cause ................. 34 Article 14 Eminent Domain .................................... 37 Article 15 Assignment and Subletting ......................... 38 Article 16 Electricity ....................................... 49 Article 17 Access to Premises ................................ 51 Article 18 Default ........................................... 53 Article 19 Remedies and Damages .............................. 55 Article 20 Landlord's Right to Cure; Fees and Expenses ....... 57 Article 21 No Representations By Landlord: Landlord's Approval 58 Article 22 End of Term ....................................... 59 Article 23 Quiet Enjoyment ................................... 60 Article 24 No Surrender; No Waiver ........................... 60 Article 25 Waiver of Trial by Jury ........................... 61 Article 26 Inability to Perform .............................. 61 Article 27 Notices ........................................... 62 Article 28 Rules and Regulations ............................. 62 Article 29 Partnership Tenant ................................ 63 Article 30 Vault Space ....................................... 64 Article 31 Broker ............................................ 65 Article 32 Indemnity ......................................... 65 Article 33 Adjacent Excavation; Shoring ...................... 67 Article 34 Tax Status Of Beneficial Owners ................... 67 Article 35 Security Deposit .................................. 68 Article 36 Miscellaneous ..................................... 72 Article 37 Renewal Option .................................... 75 Article 38 Right of First Offer .............................. 77 Article 39 Satellite Dish .................................... 79 EXHIBITS: A - Floor Plans B - Definitions C - Description of Landlord's Work D - Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Specifications E - Cleaning Specifications F - Rules and Regulations G - Subordination, Non-Disturbance and Attornment Agreement 1 LEASE LEASE, made as of the 18th of February, 2000, between TST 300 PARK, L.P. (the "Landlord"), a Delaware limited partnership, having an office c/o Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022 and GREENHILL & CO. LLC, a New York limited liability company (the "Tenant"), having an office at 31 West 52nd Street, New York, New York 10019. Landlord and Tenant hereby covenant and agree as follows: ARTICLE 1 BASIC LEASE PROVISIONS PREMISES The entire 23rd floor (the "23rd Floor Premises") and a portion of the 24th floor (the "24th Floor Premises" and, together with the 23rd Floor Premises, collectively the "Premises") of the Building, substantially as shown on Exhibits A-I and A-2, respectively. BUILDING The building, fixtures, equipment and other improvements and appurtenances now located or hereafter erected, located or placed upon the land known as 300 Park Avenue and 45 East 49th Street, New York, New York. REAL PROPERTY The Building, together with the plot of land upon which it stands. COMMENCEMENT DATE The date on or after July 1, 2000 which is the earlier to occur of (a) the date upon which items 1,2 and 3 of Landlord's Work (the "Pre-Delivery Work") shall be Substantially Completed in accordance with the terms of this Lease, and (b) the date Tenant (or any person claiming by, through or under Tenant) occupies any part of the Premises for the conduct of its business. RENT COMMENCEMENT The date which is the four (4)-month anniversary of DATE the Commencement Date. EXPIRATION DATE The date which is the last day of the month in which the CONTRIBUTION 3tenth anniversary of the Commencement Date occurs or, if the term of this Lease shall be extended in accordance with any express provision hereof, the last day of any renewal or extended term. TERM The period commencing on the Commencement Date and ending on the Expiration Date. PERMITTED USES Executive and general offices for the transaction of Tenant's business and uses incidentally related thereto. BASE TAX YEAR The Tax Year commencing on July 1, 2000 and ending on June 30, 2001. BASE EXPENSE YEAR Calendar year 2000. TENANT'S PROPORTIONATE (a) As to Operating Expenses: SHARE 3.618 percent. (b) As to Taxes: 3.469 percent. AGREED AREA OF (a) As to Operating Expenses: BUILDING 695,298 rentable square feet. (b) As to Taxes: AGREED AREA OF 725,280 rentable square feet. PREMISES (a) As to the 23rd Floor Premises: 18,614 rentable square feet; (b) As to the 24th Floor Premises: 6,544 rentable square feet, comprising 25,158 rentable square feet in the aggregate, which rentable square footage has been mutually determined by Landlord and Tenant for purposes of this 2 Lease and Landlord makes no representation whatsoever as to the actual square feet contained in the Premises or the Building or any portions thereof but the Agreed Area of Building was calculated on a basis consistent with the calculation of the Agreed Area of Premises. FIXED RENT (i) $1,610,112 per annum ($134,176.00 per month) for the period commencing on the Rent Commencement Date and ending on the day preceding the 5th anniversary of the Commencement Date, both dates inclusive; and (ii) $1,735,902 per annum ($144,658.50 per month) for the period commencing on the 5th anniversary of the Commencement Date and ending on the Expiration Date, both dates inclusive. ADDITIONAL RENT All sums other than Fixed Rent payable by Tenant to Landlord under this Lease, including Tenant's Tax Payment, Tenant's Operating Payment, late charges, overtime or excess service charges, and interest and other costs related to Tenant's failure to perform any of its obligations under this Lease. RENT Fixed Rent and Additional Rent, collectively. INTEREST RATE The lesser of (i) four percent per annum above the then Current Base Rate charged by Citibank, N.A. or its successor, or (ii) the maximum rate permitted by applicable law. SECURITY DEPOSIT $1,610,112, which amount is subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 35.5. BROKER Insignia/ESG, Inc. LANDLORD'S AGENT Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. or any other person designated at any time and from time to time by Landlord as Landlord's Agent and their successors and assigns. LANDLORD'S $880,530. ALL CAPITALIZED TERMS USED IN THE TEXT OF THIS LEASE WITHOUT DEFINITION ARE DEFINED IN THIS ARTICLE 1 OR IN EXHIBIT B. ARTICLE 2 PREMISES, TERM, RENT Section 2.1 Lease of Premises. Subject to the terms of this Lease, Landlord leases to Tenant and Tenant leases from Landlord the Premises for the Term. In addition, Landlord grants to Tenant the right to use, on a non-exclusive basis and in common with other tenants, the lobby area and other Building common elements and common facilities serving the Premises. Section 2.2 Payment of Rent. (a) Tenant shall pay to Landlord, without notice or demand, and without any set-off, counterclaim, abatement or deduction whatsoever, except as may be expressly set forth in this Lease, in lawful money of the United States by wire transfer of funds to Landlord's account, as designated by Landlord, or by check drawn upon a bank approved by Landlord: (i) Fixed Rent in equal monthly installments, in advance, on the first (1st) day of each calendar month during the Term, commencing on the Rent Commencement Date, and (ii) Additional Rent, at the times and in the manner set forth in this Lease. If the Rent Commencement Date is not the first day of a month, then on the Rent Commencement Date Tenant shall pay Fixed Rent for the period from the Rent Commencement Date through the last day of such month. (b) Tenant shall make each payment of Fixed Rent and Additional Rent to Landlord at P. O. Box 31127, Hartford, Connecticut 06150-1127, and each such payment shall reference the Building. The payment instructions contained in the preceding sentence shall not be withdrawn or modified by Landlord without the prior written consent of SunAmerica Life Insurance Company ("SunAmerica") or SunAmerica's agent, David Cronheim Mortgage Corporation, or any successor agent appointed by SunAmerica and of which SunAmerica has notified Tenant (the "Servicer"), or pursuant to a joint written instruction from Landlord and SunAmerica or the Servicer. Until Tenant shall receive written instructions to the contrary from SunAmerica or the Servicer, Tenant shall continue to make all payments of Fixed Rent and Additional Rent as provided in this Section 2.2(b ). Section 2.3 Interest. If Tenant shall fail to pay any installment or other payment of Rent when due, interest shall accrue on such installment or payment as a late charge, from the date such installment or payment became due until the date paid at the Interest Rate, except that no such interest shall accrue in respect of the first two installments or payments that are past due in any consecutive twelve month period provided that neither such installment nor payment is past due for more than five days and, if such installment or 4 payment is past due for more than five days, interest shall accrue thereon from the first day such installment or payment became past due. ARTICLE 3 USE AND OCCUPANCY Section 3.1 (a) Permitted Uses. Tenant shall use and occupy the Premises for the Permitted Uses and for no other purpose. Tenant shall not use or occupy or permit the use or occupancy of any part of the Premises in a manner constituting a Prohibited Use. If Tenant uses or suffers the use of the Premises for a purpose which constitutes a Prohibited Use or violates any Requirement, or which causes the Building to be in violation of any Requirement, then Tenant shall promptly discontinue such use upon notice of such violation. Tenant's failure to promptly (and, in all events, within 10 days after such notice) discontinue such use shall be a material default hereunder and Landlord shall have the right, without Tenant having any further period in which to cure, (i) to terminate this Lease immediately, and (ii) to exercise any and all rights and remedies available to Landlord at law or in equity. (b) Licenses and Permits. Tenant, at its expense, shall obtain and at all times maintain and comply with the terms and conditions of all licenses and permits required for the lawful conduct of the Permitted Uses in the Premises. Landlord shall during the Term keep in effect at all times a certificate of occupancy issued for the Building permitting the use of the Premises as offices. Section 3.2 Prohibited Uses. (a) Notwithstanding anything in this Lease to the contrary, in no event shall the Premises be used or occupied by a Person, the principal business of which at the time such use or occupancy is contemplated shall be the manufacture or sale of soaps, detergents, laundry products, toilet articles, pet products or pet food or cosmetics or the principal business of which shall be that of Colgate-Palmolive Company ("Colgate"), or its parent or one of its significant subsidiaries or affiliates then occupying any portion of the Building or which includes in the name under which such Person conducts business or in the name of any of its products or services either or both of the names "Colgate" or "Palmolive" or the name of any such subsidiary or affiliate or Person into which Colgate may merge or any parent company of Colgate or any simulation of any such names. (b) As long as Matsushita Electric Company of America is a party to a lease with Landlord for space in the Building, Tenant covenants that it shall not occupy the Premises, and shall not sublease space in the Premises to any Person, whose (i) primary use of such space is the display or sale of electronic equipment, or (ii) primary business is or shall be the sale, manufacture or distribution of electronic equipment. Landlord's determination that any such use or business is primary (as opposed to incidental) shall be final and binding on the parties. 5 Section 3.3 Use of Name "Colgate-Palmolive Building." So long as Colgate (or any of its subsidiaries, affiliates or parents) shall be a tenant in the Building, the use of the name Colgate- Palmolive Building" as a designation of the Building has been reserved for the use of Colgate and any other tenants in the Building which obtain the written consent of Colgate to use the same. Tenant hereby covenants and agrees that it will not use the name "Colgate-Palmolive Building," or any simulation or abbreviation thereof, as its address either on stationery, by listing in the telephone book, or in other printed matter, publication or picture or rendering or in advertising matter of any sort unless such use is approved in writing by Colgate and Landlord. Tenant covenants that any sublease of any space in the Premises shall contain a similar restriction binding the subtenant. Section 3.4 Delivery of Premises. (a) Landlord shall not be liable for failure to deliver possession of the Premises on any specified date, and such failure shall not impair the validity ofthi8 Lease (except as provided in Section 3.4(b) but in the case of the holding over or retention of possession by any tenant of the Premises, Landlord shall, at Landlord's sole expense, within 30 days following the date such holding-over tenant was obligated to vacate the Premises commence and diligently prosecute a legal action or proceeding to obtain possession of such Premises. If Landlord delivers possession of the Premises to Tenant prior to August 1, 2000 Landlord shall provide Tenant with at least 14 days' prior notice of the date Landlord reasonably anticipates will be the Commencement Date. If Landlord delivers possession of the Premises to Tenant after August 1, 2000, Landlord shall provide Tenant with at least 14 days' prior notice of the date Landlord reasonably anticipates will be the Commencement Date and the Commencement Date shall in no event occur until 14 days after such notice is given. Landlord shall be deemed to have delivered possession of the Premises to Tenant upon the giving of notice by Landlord to Tenant stating that the Premises are vacant, broom clean and otherwise in the condition required under this Lease (including, without limitation, the Substantial Completion of the Pre-Delivery Work), and available for Tenant's occupancy (subject to such notice being factually correct). Subject to the provisions of Section 3.4(b), there shall be no postponement of the Commencement Date (or the Rent Commencement Date) for (i) any delay which results from any Tenant Delay or (ii) any delay by Landlord in the performance of Landlord' s Work. The provisions of this Article are intended to constitute "an express provision to the contrary" within the meaning of Section 223-a of the New York Real Property Law or any successor Requirement. (b) If Landlord fails to Substantially Complete Landlord's Pre-Delivery Work and deliver vacant possession of the Premises in accordance with the terms of this Lease prior to October 1, 2001 (the "Outside Delivery Date"), Tenant shall have the right exercisable by notice given to Landlord on or before the date that is 90 days after the Outside Delivery Date, as its sole and exclusive remedy therefor, to cancel this Lease. If Tenant timely delivers the aforesaid cancellation notice (which notice may not be given prior to the Outside Delivery Date), this Lease shall terminate 30 days after the date of such notice, unless Landlord delivers vacant possession of the Premises with Landlord's Pre-Delivery 6 Work Substantially Completed within such 30 day period, in which case Tenant's cancellation notice shall be void and this Lease shall continue in full force and effect. Failure by Tenant to exercise such right to cancel this Lease within 90 days after the Outside Date shall constitute a waiver of such right; time being of the essence with respect thereto. ARTICLE 4 CONDITION OF THE PREMISES Section 4.1 Condition. Tenant has inspected the Premises and agrees (a) subject to Landlord's obligations under Section 3.4, to accept possession of the Premises in the "as is" condition existing on the Commencement Date, (b) that neither Landlord nor Landlord's agents have made any representations or warranties with respect to the Premises or the Building except as expressly set forth herein, and (c) except for Landlord's Contribution as expressly set forth in Section 4.2 hereof and except for the work described in Exhibit C ("Landlord's Work"), Landlord has no obligation to perform any work, supply any materials, incur any expense or make any alterations or improvements to the Premises to prepare the Premises for Tenant's occupancy. Any work to be performed by Tenant in connection with Tenant's initial occupancy of the Premises for the conduct of its business shall be referred to hereinafter as the "Initial Installations" . Tenant's occupancy of any part of the Premises for the conduct of its business shall be conclusive evidence, as against Tenant, that Landlord has Substantially Completed any work to be performed by Landlord under this Lease, Tenant has accepted possession of the Premises in its then current condition and at the time such possession was taken, the Premises and the Building were in a good and satisfactory condition as required by this Lease. Section 4.2 Landlord's Contribution. (a) Landlord agrees to pay to Tenant an amount not to exceed Landlord's Contribution toward the cost of the Initial Installations (excluding any "soft-costs" (other than architectural, engineering, permit and construction consulting fees not in excess of $88,053) and Tenant's Property), provided that as of the date on which Landlord is required to make payment thereof pursuant to Section 4.2(b): (i) this Lease is in full force and effect, and (ii) no Event of Default then exists. Tenant shall pay all costs of the Initial Installations in excess of Landlord's Contribution. Landlord's Contribution shall be payable solely on account of labor directly related to the Initial Installations and materials delivered to the Premises in connection with the Initial Installations (excluding any "soft-costs" (other than architectural, engineering, permit and construction consulting fees not in excess of $88,053) and Tenant's Property). Tenant shall not be entitled to receive any portion of Landlord's Contribution not actually expended by Tenant in the performance of the Initial Installations in accordance with this Section 4.2, nor shall Tenant have any right to apply any unexpended portion of Landlord's Contribution as a credit against Rent or any other obligation of Tenant hereunder. Upon the completion of the Initial Installations and satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 4.2, or upon the 7 occurrence of the date which is twelve months after the Commencement Date (which date shall be extended by reason of strikes, labor trouble or any other similar cause beyond Tenant's control in performing the Initial Installations), whichever first occurs, any amount of Landlord's Contribution which has not been previously disbursed shall be retained by Landlord; provided, however, that notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the applicable portion of such retained amounts shall continue to be held for the benefit of Tenant by Landlord if Tenant delivers a notice to Landlord prior to satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 4.2 that it is in dispute with any contractors, subcontractors, vendors or other providers of service and refuses to make payments at such time. (b) Landlord shall make progress payments to Tenant on a monthly basis, for the work performed during the previous month, up to 90% of Landlord's Contribution. Each of Landlord's progress payments shall be limited to an amount equal to the aggregate amounts theretofore paid by Tenant (as certified by an authorized officer of Tenant and by Tenant's independent architect) to Tenant's contractors, subcontractors and material suppliers which have not been subject to previous disbursements from Landlord's Contribution multiplied by 90%. Provided that Tenant delivers requisitions to Landlord on or prior to the 10th day of any month, such progress payments shall be made within 30 days next following the delivery to Landlord of requisitions therefor, signed by an authorized officer of Tenant. which requisitions shall set forth the names of each contractor and subcontractor to whom payment is due, and the amount thereof, and shall be accompanied by (i) with the exception of the first requisition, copies of partial waivers of lien from all contractors, subcontractors, and material suppliers covering all work and materials which were the subject of previous progress payments by Landlord and Tenant, (ii) a written certification from Tenant's architect that the work for which the requisition is being made has been completed substantially in accordance with the plans and specifications approved by Landlord and (iii) such other documents and information as Landlord may reasonably request, including in connection with title drawdowns and endorsements. Any requisition made following the 10th day of any month shall be paid no later than the last day of the month following the month in which such requisitions are made. Landlord shall disburse any amount retained by it hereunder upon submission by Tenant to Landlord of Tenant's requisition therefor accompanied by all documentation required under this Section 4.2(b), together with (A) proof of the satisfactory completion of all required inspections and issuance of any required approvals, permits and sign-offs for the Initial Installation by Governmental Authorities having jurisdiction thereover, (B) final plans and specifications for the Initial Installations as required pursuant to Section 5.l(c) and (C) issuance of final lien waivers by all contractors, subcontractors and material suppliers covering all of the Initial Installations. The right to receive Landlord's Contribution is for the exclusive benefit of Tenant, and in no event shall such right be assigned to or be enforceable by or for the benefit of any third party, including any contractor, subcontractor, materialman, laborer, architect, engineer, attorney or other Person. 8 Section 4.3 Landlord's Work. (a) Landlord will commence the performance of items 4 through 8 of Landlord's Work (the "Post-Delivery Work") reasonably promptly following the Commencement Date and, subject to Tenant's compliance with the provisions of this Section 4.3, will complete the Post-Delivery Work in a good and workmanlike manner consistent with the standards applicable to the Building. Landlord and its employees, contractors and agents shall have access to the Premises at all reasonable times for the performance of the Post-Delivery Work and for the storage of materials reasonably required in connection therewith, and Tenant will use all commercially reasonable efforts to avoid any interference with the performance of the Post-Delivery Work. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises during the performance of the Post-Delivery Work, provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. There shall be no Rent abatement or allowance to Tenant for a diminution of rental value, no actual or constructive eviction of Tenant, in whole or in part, no relief from any of Tenant's other obligations under this Lease, and no liability on the part of Landlord, by reason of inconvenience, annoyance or injury to business arising from the performance of the Post- Delivery Work or the storage of any materials in connection therewith. (b) Landlord agrees to use reasonable efforts to Substantially Complete (i) the replacement of the exterior windows in the Premises on or before September 15, 2000 and (ii) the other Post-Delivery Work as soon as reasonably practicable after Landlord obtains vacant possession of the Premises, subject, in either case, to extension due to Unavoidable Delays and/or the number of days during which any tenant occupying the Premises on the date hereof holds over and, in the case of the window replacement work, the second sentence of item 8 of Exhibit C. If Landlord fails to Substantially Complete such window replacement work on or before September 15, 2000 (as such date may be extended as provided above) and such other Post-Delivery Work as soon as reasonably practicable after Landlord obtains possession of the Premises (as extended as provided above), then, as Tenant's sole and exclusive remedy therefor, to the extent that Tenant is actually delayed in the Substantial Completion of the Initial Installations or in the occupancy of the Premises as a consequence of such Post-Delivery Work not being Substantially Completed, except to the extent such delay is attributable to the negligence or willful misconduct of Tenant or Tenant's breach of the terms of this Lease, the Rent Commencement Date shall be postponed by one day for each day of such delay (without duplication if more than one item of Post-Delivery Work is not Substantially Completed) in the Substantial Completion of the Post-Delivery Work. 9 ARTICLE 5 ALTERATIONS Section 5.1 Tenant's Alterations. (a) Tenant shall not make any alterations, additions or other physical changes in or about the Premises, including the Initial Installations (collectively, "Alterations"), other than decorative Alterations such as painting, wall coverings, floor coverings and low voltage cabling (collectively, "Decorative Alterations"), without Landlord's prior consent, which may be withheld in Landlord's sole discretion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold its consent to Alterations so long as such Alterations (i) are non-structural and do not affect the Building Systems, (ii) are performed only by Landlord's designated contractors (which shall be set forth on a list (subject to change from time to time) of at least three contractors per trade, except with respect to the Building System contractors, and such list shall be submitted to Tenant promptly after request therefor and if Tenant engages any contractor set forth on such list, Tenant shall not be required to obtain Landlord's consent to such contractor unless, prior to the execution of an agreement between Tenant (either directly or through another contractor or subcontractor) and such contractor (or, if no written agreement is entered into, prior to the commencement of work by the contractor), Landlord shall notify Tenant that such contractor has been removed from such list) or by contractors approved by Landlord to perform such Alterations, (iii) affect only the Premises and are not visible from outside of the Premises or the Building, (iv) do not affect the certificate of occupancy issued for the Building or the Premises, (v) do not adversely affect any service furnished by Landlord to Tenant or to any other tenant of the Building and (vi) do not violate any Requirement or cause the Premises or the Building to be non-compliant with any Requirement. (b) Plans and Specifications. Prior to making any Alterations, Tenant, at its expense, shall (i) submit to Landlord for its approval, detailed plans and specifications (including layout, architectural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, sprinkler and structural drawings) of each proposed Alteration (other than Decorative Alterations), and with respect to any Alteration affecting any Building System, Tenant shall submit proof that the Alteration has been designed by, or reviewed and approved by, Landlord's designated engineer for the affected Building System, (ii) obtain all permits, approvals and certificates required by any Governmental Authorities, (iii) furnish to Landlord duplicate original policies or certificates of worker's compensation (covering all persons to be employed by Tenant, and Tenant's contractors and subcontractors in connection with such Alteration) and comprehensive public liability (including property damage coverage) insurance and Builder's Risk coverage (issued on a completed value basis) all in such form, with such companies, for such periods and in such amounts as Landlord may reasonably require, naming Landlord, Landlord's managing agent, and their respective employees and agents, any Lessor and any Mortgagee as additional insureds and (iv) furnish to Landlord such other evidence of Tenant's ability to complete and to fully pay for such Alterations (other than Decorative Alterations) as is reasonably satisfactory to Landlord. Upon Tenant's request, Landlord shall 10 reasonably cooperate with Tenant in obtaining any permits, approvals or certificates required to be obtained by Tenant in connection with any permitted Alteration (if the provisions of the applicable Requirement require that Landlord join in such application), provided that Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for any cost, expense or liability in connection therewith. Tenant shall give Landlord not less than 5 Business Days' notice prior to performing any Decorative Alteration which notice shall contain a description of such Decorative Alteration. If Landlord shall deny any request for approval to an Alteration, Landlord shall provide Tenant with a reasonably detailed explanation of the reason(s) for such denial. Any plans and specifications resubmitted by Tenant to Landlord for Landlord's approval reflecting changes or additions made to such plans and specifications as requested by Landlord ("Tenant's Resubmission") shall be approved or denied by Landlord, subject to Section 5.1(a), within 5 Business Days following Tenant's Resubmission. If Landlord shall fail to respond to Tenant's request for approval to any Initial Installations within 10 Business Days following the submission of final and complete plans and specifications thereof (or within 5 Business Days after Tenant's Resubmission), as applicable, Landlord shall be deemed to have granted such approval, provided Landlord fails to respond to Tenant within 5 Business Days after receipt of a second notice from Tenant (which notice may only be sent if Landlord failed to respond within said 10 or 5 Business Day period, as aforesaid, and such notice shall expressly state in bold letters that Landlord's failure to timely respond thereto shall be deemed approval of the Initial Installations which are the subject of such notice). (c) Governmental Approvals. Upon completion of any Alterations, Tenant, at its expense, shall promptly obtain certificates of final approval of such Alterations required by any Governmental Authority and shall furnish Landlord with copies thereof, together with "as-built" plans and specifications or final plans and specifications with all changes therein attached thereto for such Alterations (other than Decorative Alterations), prepared on an Autocad Computer Assisted Drafting and Design system (or such other system or medium as Landlord may accept) using naming conventions issued by the American Institute of Architects in June, 1990 (or such other naming convention as Landlord may accept) and magnetic computer media of such record drawings and specifications, translated in DXF format or another format acceptable to Landlord. Section 5.2 Manner and Quality of Alterations. All Alterations shall be performed (a) in a good and workmanlike manner and free from defects, (b) in accordance with the plans and specifications as required under Section 5.1, and by contractors approved by Landlord, (c) under the supervision of a licensed architect reasonably satisfactory to Landlord (other than Decorative Alterations) unless such supervision is not required by any Requirement or good construction practice, and (d) in compliance with all Requirements, the terms of this Lease, all standard procedures and regulations then prescribed by Landlord for all work performed in the Building. All materials and equipment to be used in the Premises shall be of first quality and at least equal to the applicable standards for the Building then established by Landlord, and no such materials or equipment (other than Tenant's Property) shall be subject to any lien or other encumbrance. 11 Section 5.3 Removal of Tenant's Property. Tenant's Property shall be and remain the property of Tenant and Tenant may remove the same at any time on or before the Expiration Date. On or prior to the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term, Tenant shall, at Tenant's expense, remove all of Tenant's Property and, unless otherwise directed by Landlord: (a) remove any Specialty Alteration and (b) close up any slab penetrations in the Premises. At least 30 days prior to commencing the removal of any Specialty Alterations or effecting such closings, Tenant shall notify Landlord of its intention to remove such Specialty Alterations or effect such closings, and if Landlord notifies Tenant within such 30 day period, Tenant shall not remove such Specialty Alterations or close such slab penetrations, and the Specialty Alterations not so removed shall become the property of Landlord upon the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term. Tenant shall repair and restore, in a good and workmanlike manner, any damage to the Premises or the Building caused by Tenant's removal of any Specialty Alterations or Tenant's Property or by the closing of any slab penetrations, and upon default thereof, Tenant shall reimburse Landlord, on demand, for Landlord's cost of repairing and restoring such damage. Any Specialty Alterations or Tenant's Property not removed on or before the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term shall be deemed abandoned and Landlord may either retain the same as Landlord's property or remove and dispose of same, and repair and restore any damage caused thereby, at Tenant's cost and without accountability to Tenant. This Section 5.3 shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. Section 5.4 Mechanic's Liens. Tenant, at its expense, shall discharge any lien or charge filed against the Premises or the Real Property in connection with any work claimed or determined in good faith by Landlord to have been done by or on behalf of, or materials claimed or determined in good faith by Landlord to have been furnished to, Tenant, within 10 days after Tenant's receipt of notice thereof by payment, filing the bond required by law or otherwise in accordance with law. Section 5.5 Labor Relations. Tenant shall not employ, or permit the employment of, any contractor, mechanic or laborer, or permit any materials to be delivered to or used in the Building, if, in Landlord's sole judgment, such employment, delivery or use will interfere or cause any conflict or disharmony with other contractors, mechanics or laborers engaged in the construction, maintenance or operation of the Building by Landlord, Tenant or others, or the use and enjoyment of the Building by other tenants or occupants. In the event of such interference, conflict or disharmony, upon Landlord's request, Tenant shall cause all contractors, mechanics or laborers causing such interference or conflict to leave the Building immediately. Section 5.6 Tenant's Costs. Tenant shall pay to Landlord or its designee, within 10 days after demand, all reasonable out-of-pocket costs actually incurred by Landlord in connection with (a) Landlord's review of the Alterations and plans and specifications in connection therewith requiring Landlord consent therefor by Landlord's outside structural 12 and/or mechanical engineers and (b) the provision of Building personnel required to be made available at additional expense during the performance of any Alteration required by trade union policy or otherwise, to operate elevators or otherwise to facilitate Tenant's Alterations. In addition, if Tenant's Alterations (other than Tenant's Property) shall cost more than $25,000, Tenant shall pay to Landlord or its designee, upon demand, an administrative fee in respect of the performance of such Alterations and the scheduling of Building equipment, facilities and personnel in connection therewith equal to three percent of the total cost of such Alterations in the case of the Initial Installations (which fee in connection with the Initial Installations shall in no event exceed $62,500) and five percent of the total cost of any subsequent Alterations. Section 5.7 Tenant's Equipment. Tenant shall not move any heavy machinery, heavy equipment, freight, bulky matter or fixtures (collectively, "Equipment") into or out of the Building without Landlord's prior consent and payment to Landlord of any costs incurred by Landlord in connection therewith. If such Equipment requires special handling, Tenant agrees (a) to employ only persons holding a Master Rigger's License to perform such work, (b) all work performed in connection therewith shall comply with all applicable Requirements and (c) such work shall be done only during hours designated by Landlord. Section 5.8 Legal Compliance. The approval of plans or specifications, or consent by Landlord to the making of any Alterations, does not constitute Landlord's agreement or representation that such plans, specifications or Alterations comply with any Requirements or the certificate of occupancy issued for the Building. Landlord shall have no liability to Tenant or any other party in connection with Landlord's approval of any plans and specifications for any Alterations, or Landlord's consent to Tenant's performing any Alterations. If as the result of any Alterations made by or on behalf of Tenant, Landlord is required to make any alterations or improvements to any part of the Building in order to comply with any Requirements, whether or not in or near the Premises, Tenant shall pay all costs and expenses incurred by Landlord in connection with such alterations or improvements as provided in Article 20. Section 5.9 Window Pockets. Tenant shall, as part of the Initial Installations, design and construct the perimeter of the ceiling of each floor of the Premises which is adjacent to any exterior window with pockets to permit the windows in the Premises to open, which design and construction shall be subject to Landlord's prior approval. Section 5.10 Staircase. Tenant shall have the right, subject to specific location, manner of installation and to the terms of this Article, to construct an internal staircase within the Premises between the 23rd floor of the Premises and the 24th floor of the Premises. 13 ARTICLE 6 FLOOR LOAD Section 6.1 Floor Load. Tenant shall not place a load upon any floor of the Premises that exceeds 50 pounds per square foot "live load". Landlord reserves the right to reasonably designate the position of all Equipment which Tenant wishes to place within the Premises, and to place limitations on the weight thereof to the extent the same would adversely affect the Building Systems, the structure of the Building, or the reasonable use and occupancy of the Building by other tenants or occupants (now or hereafter), in each case other than to a de minimis extent. ARTICLE 7 REPAIRS Section 7.1 Landlord's Repair and Maintenance. Landlord shall operate, maintain and, except as provided in Section 7.2 hereof, make all necessary repairs (both structural and nonstructural) to (a) the Building Systems up to the point of connection to the Premises, (b) the structural components of the Building, including the roof, and (c) the public portions of the Building, both exterior and interior, in conformance with standards applicable to first-class renovated office buildings of comparable age and quality in midtown Manhattan. Section 7.2 Tenant's Repair and Maintenance. Tenant shall promptly, at its expense and in compliance with Article 5 of this Lease, (a) make all nonstructural repairs to the Premises and the fixtures, equipment and appurtenances therein as and when needed to preserve the Premises in good working order and condition, except for reasonable wear and tear and damage for which Tenant is not responsible pursuant to this Lease, and (b) repair (to the extent feasible and appropriate) or replace scratched or damaged doors, signs and glass (other than exterior window glass) in and about the Premises. Without limiting the foregoing, all damage to the Premises or to any other part of the Building, or to any fixtures, equipment, sprinkler system and/or appurtenances thereof, whether requiring structural or nonstructural repairs, caused by or resulting from any act, omission, neglect or improper conduct of, or Alterations made by, or the moving of Tenant's fixtures, furniture or equipment into, within or out of the Premises by any Tenant Party, and all damage to any portion of the Building Systems located in the Premises, shall be repaired at Tenant's expense. Such repairs shall be made by (i) Tenant, at Tenant's expense, to the extent that the required repairs are nonstructural in nature and do not affect any Building System or any portion of the Building outside of the Premises, or (ii) Landlord, at Tenant's expense, to the extent that the required repairs are structural in nature, involve replacement of exterior window glass (if damaged by Tenant) or affect any Building System or any portion of the 14 Building outside of the Premises. All Tenant repairs shall be of a quality at least equal to the original work or construction utilizing new construction materials and shall be made in accordance with this Lease. Tenant shall give Landlord prompt notice of any defective condition of which Tenant is aware in any Building System located in, servicing or passing through the Premises. If Tenant fails to proceed with due diligence to make any repairs required to be made by Tenant, Landlord may make such repairs and all costs and expenses incurred by Landlord on account thereof shall be paid by Tenant as provided in Article 20. Section 7.3 Vermin. Tenant shall, at its expense, cause the Premises to be exterminated, from time to time as Landlord may reasonably direct or whenever there is evidence of infestation to Landlord's reasonable satisfaction, by licensed exterminators approved by Landlord. Section 7.4 Interruptions Due to Repairs. Landlord reserves the right to make all changes, alterations, additions, improvements, repairs or replacements to the Building, including the Building Systems which provide services to Tenant, as Landlord deems necessary or reasonably desirable, provided that in no event shall the level of any Building service decrease in any material respect from the level required of Landlord in this Lease as a result thereof (other than temporary changes in the level of such services during the performance of any such work by Landlord). Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises during the making of such changes, repairs, alterations, additions, improvements, repairs or replacements provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. Except as otherwise provided in Section 11.9, there shall be no Rent abatement or allowance to Tenant for a diminution of rental value, no actual or constructive eviction of Tenant , in whole or in part, no relief from any of Tenant's other obligations under this Lease, and no liability on the part of Landlord by reason of inconvenience, annoyance or injury to business arising from Landlord, Tenant or others making, or failing to make, any repairs, alterations, additions or improvements in or to any portion of the Building or the Premises, or in or to fixtures, appurtenances or equipment therein. Section 7.5 Building Renovation. (a) Tenant acknowledges that Landlord may change the facade of the Building (the "Building Renovations") at any time and from time to time during the Term. Tenant understands that if the Building Renovations are undertaken, during the Building Renovations a construction bridge may be required to be erected in connection with any Building Renovations, as necessary at Landlord's discretion. Tenant further understands and acknowledges that the Building Renovations may cause inconvenience or annoyance to Tenant, Tenant's employees, customers, invitees and suppliers; and result in increased noise levels in the Building during the Building Renovations. Tenant acknowledges and agrees that it is entering into this Lease with adequate notice of the extent of the Building Renovations and the potential inconvenience, annoyance and impact on Tenant's' business. 15 (b) Landlord and its employees, contractors and agents shall have access to the Premises at all times for the performance of the Building Renovations, and Tenant will use all commercially reasonable efforts to avoid any interference with the performance of the Building Renovations. Landlord shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises during the performance of the Building Renovations, provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. Neither Landlord nor its agents or contractors shall be liable for any damage which Tenant may sustain resulting from the Building Renovations. Except as otherwise provided in Section 11.9, there shall be no Rent abatement or allowance to Tenant for a diminution of rental value, no actual or constructive eviction of Tenant , in whole or in part, no relief from any of Tenant's other obligations under this Lease, and no liability on the part of Landlord, by reason of inconvenience, annoyance or injury to business arising from the performance the Building Renovations. (c) Landlord agrees to use reasonable efforts to Substantially Complete the Building Renovations substantially in the manner planned by Landlord on the date hereof, on or before September 30, 2001, subject to extension due to Unavoidable Delays. ARTICLE 8 INCREASES IN TAXES AND OPERATING EXPENSES Section 8.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this Article 8, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below; (a) "Assessed Valuation" shall mean the amount for which the Real Property is assessed pursuant to applicable provisions of the City Charter and of the Administrative Code of the City of New York for the purpose of imposition of Taxes. (b) "Base Operating Expenses" shall mean the Operating Expenses for the Base Expense Year. (c) "Base Taxes" shall mean an amount equal to the Taxes payable on account of the Base Tax Year. (d) "Comparison Year" shall mean (a) with respect to Taxes, any calendar year commencing subsequent to the first day of the Base Tax Year, and (b) with respect to Operating Expenses, any calendar year commencing subsequent to the first day of the Base Expense Year. 16 (e) "Operating Expenses" shall mean the aggregate of all costs and expenses (and taxes, if any, thereon) paid or incurred by or on behalf of Landlord (whether directly or through independent contractors) in connection with the ownership, operation, repair and maintenance of the Building and the Real Property, such as: (i) insurance premiums, (ii) the cost of electricity, gas, oil, steam, water, air conditioning and other fuel and utilities, (iii) attorneys' fees and disbursements and auditing, management and other professional fees and expenses, and (iv) the annual depreciation or amortization, on a straight-line basis over the useful life thereof as Landlord shall reasonably determine (with interest on the unamortized portion at the Base Rate plus 2 percent per annum) of any capital costs incurred after the Base Expense Year for any equipment, device or other improvement made or acquired which is either (A) intended as a labor-saving measure or cost-saving measure in the operation, maintenance or repair of the Building (but only to the extent that the annual benefits anticipated to be realized therefrom are reasonably related to the annual amounts to be amortized), or (B) required by any Requirement. Operating Expenses shall not include any Excluded Expenses. If during all or part of the Base Expense Year or any Comparison Year, Landlord shall not furnish any particular item(s) of work or service (which would otherwise constitute an Operating Expense) to any leasable portions of the Building for any reason, then, for purposes of computing Operating Expenses for the Base Expense Year or any Comparison Year, as the case may be, the amount included in Operating Expenses for such period shall be increased by an amount equal to the costs and expenses that would have been reasonably incurred by Landlord during such period if Landlord had furnished such item(s) of work or service to such portion of the Building. In determining the amount of Operating Expenses for the Base Expense Year or any Comparison Year, if less than 95 percent of the Building rentable area shall have been occupied by tenant(s) at any time during any such Base Expense Year or Comparison Year, Operating Expenses shall be determined for such Base Expense Year or Comparison Year to be an amount equal to the like expenses which would normally be expected to be incurred had such occupancy been 95 percent throughout such Base Expense Year or Comparison Year. (f) "Statement" shall mean a statement containing a comparison of (1) the Taxes payable for the Base Tax Year and the Taxes payable for any Tax Year in question, or (2) the Base Operating Expenses and the Operating Expenses payable for any Comparison Year. (g) "Tax Year" shall mean the twelve month period from July 1 through June 30 (or such other period as hereinafter may be duly adopted by the City of New York as its fiscal year for real estate tax purposes). (h) "Taxes" shall mean (i) all real estate taxes, assessments (including assessments made as a result of the Building being within a business improvement district), sewer and water rents, rates and charges and other governmental levies, impositions or charges, whether general, special, ordinary, extraordinary, foreseen or unforeseen, which may be assessed, levied or imposed upon all or any part of the Real Property, and (ii) all 17 expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements and experts' and other witnesses' fees) incurred in contesting any of the foregoing or in connection with any application for a reduction of the Assessed Valuation of all or any part of the Real Property or for a judicial review thereof (but in no event shall such expenses be included in Taxes payable for the Base Tax Year). Taxes shall not include (x) interest or penalties incurred by Landlord as a result of Landlord's late payment of Taxes, except for interest payable in connection with the installment payment of assessments pursuant to the next sentence or (y) franchise or net income taxes imposed upon Landlord. If Landlord elects to pay any assessment in annual installments, then for the purposes of this Article 8, (A) such assessment shall be deemed to have been so divided and to be payable in the maximum number of installments permitted by law, and (B) there shall be deemed included in Taxes for each Comparison Year the installments of such assessment becoming payable during such Comparison Year, together with interest payable during such Comparison Year on such installments and on all installments thereafter becoming due as provided by law, all as if such assessment had been so divided. If at any time the methods of taxation prevailing on the date hereof shall be altered so that in lieu of or as an addition to the whole or any part of Taxes, there shall be assessed, levied or imposed (1) a tax, assessment, levy, imposition or charge based on the income or rents received from the Real Property whether or not wholly or partially as a capital levy or otherwise, (2) a tax, assessment, levy, imposition or charge measured by or based in whole or in part upon all or any part of the Real Property and imposed upon Landlord, (3) a license fee measured by the rents, or (4) any other tax, assessment, levy, imposition, charge or license fee however described or imposed, then all such taxes, assessments, levies, impositions, charges or license fees or the part thereof so measured or based shall be deemed to be Taxes, provided that any tax, assessment, levy, imposition or charge imposed on income from the Real Property shall be calculated as if the Real Property were the only asset of Landlord. Section 8.2 (a) Tenant's Tax Payment. If the Taxes payable for any Tax Year after the Base Tax Year exceed the Base Taxes, Tenant shall pay to Landlord Tenant's Proportionate Share of such excess ("Tenant's Tax Payment"). Landlord may furnish to Tenant, prior to the commencement of each Comparison Year in which such Tax Year commences, a statement setting forth Landlord's reasonable estimate of Tenant's Tax Payment for such Tax Year. Subject to the provisions of this Section 8.2(a), Tenant shall pay to Landlord on the first day of each month during any such Comparison Year (and on the first day of each month thereafter in such Comparison Year) an amount equal to 1/12th of Landlord's estimate of Tenant's Tax Payment for such Tax Year. If Landlord shall not furnish any such estimate for such Comparison Year or if Landlord shall furnish any such estimate subsequent to the commencement thereof, then (x) until the first day of the month following the month in which such estimate is furnished to Tenant, Tenant shall pay to Landlord on the first day of each month an amount equal to the monthly sum payable by Tenant to Landlord under this Section 8.2(a) for the last month of the preceding Comparison Year; (y) after such estimate is furnished to Tenant, if the installments of Tenant's Tax Payment previously made for such Comparison Year were greater or less than the 18 installments of Tenant's Tax Payment to be made in accordance with such estimate, then (1) if there is a deficiency, Tenant shall pay the amount thereof to Landlord within ten (10) Business Days after such estimate is furnished to Tenant, or (2) if there is an overpayment, Landlord shall credit such overpayment against the next installments of Rent (and if such overpayment or underpayment was more than 10% of the actual amount required to be paid hereunder other than as a result of a reduction in Taxes following any tax reduction proceeding prosecuted by Landlord, then such adjustment shall include interest at the Base Rate on such underpayment or overpayment, as applicable, from the date originally paid by Tenant until Tenant pays such deficiency to Landlord or Landlord credits such overpayment against rent, as applicable); and (z) on the first day of the month following the month in which such estimate is furnished to Tenant and monthly thereafter throughout such Comparison Year, Tenant shall pay to Landlord an amount equal to 1/12th of Tenant's Tax Payment shown on such estimate. Landlord may, during each Comparison Year, furnish to Tenant a revised Statement of Landlord's estimate of Tenant's Tax Payment for such Comparison Year, and in such case, Tenant's Tax Payment for such Comparison Year shall be adjusted and any deficiencies paid or overpayments credited, as the case may be, substantially in the same manner as provided in the preceding sentence. After the end of each Comparison Year, Landlord shall furnish to Tenant a Statement of Taxes applicable to Tenant's Tax Payment payable for such Comparison Year and (A) if such Statement shall show that the sums so paid by Tenant were less than Tenant's Tax Payment due for the Tax Year commencing during such Comparison Year, Tenant shall pay to Landlord the amount of such deficiency in Tenant's Tax Payment within ten (10) Business Days after such Statement is furnished to Tenant, or (B) if such Statement shall show that the sums so paid by Tenant were more than such Tenant's Tax Payment, Landlord shall, at its election, pay to Tenant such overpayment in Tenant's Tax Payments or credit such overpayment in Tenant's Tax Payment against subsequent installments of Rent payable by Tenant. If there shall be any increase in the Taxes for any Tax Year, whether during or after such Tax Year, or if there shall be any decrease in the Taxes for any Tax Year, Tenant's Tax Payment for such Comparison Year shall be appropriately adjusted and any deficiencies paid or overpayments credited, as the case may be, substantially in the same manner as provided in the preceding sentence. The benefit of any discount for any early payment or prepayment of Taxes and of any tax exemption or abatement relating to all or any part of the Real Property shall accrue solely to the benefit of Landlord and Taxes shall be computed without subtracting such discount or taking into account any such exemption or abatement. (b) Taxes for each real estate tax fiscal year shall be apportioned on the basis of the number of days in such fiscal year included in any particular Tax Year subsequent to the Base Tax Year for the purpose of making the computations under this Section. (c) Tenant shall not (and hereby waives any and all rights it may now or hereafter have to) institute or maintain any action, proceeding or application in any court or other body having the power to fix or review assessed valuations or tax rates, for the purpose of reducing Taxes. The filing of any such proceeding by Tenant without Landlord's consent 19 shall be an immediate Event of Default hereunder. If the Taxes payable for the Base Tax Year are reduced, the Base Taxes shall be correspondingly revised, the Additional Rent previously paid or payable on account of Tenant's Tax Payment hereunder for all Comparison Years shall be recomputed on the basis of such reduction, and Tenant shall pay to Landlord within 10 Business Days after being billed therefor, any deficiency between the amount of such Additional Rent previously computed and paid by Tenant to Landlord, and the amount due as a result of such recomputations. If the Taxes payable for the Base Tax Year are increased then Landlord shall either pay to Tenant, or at Landlord's election, credit against subsequent payments of Rent due, the amount by which such Additional Rent previously paid on account of Tenant's Tax Payment exceeds the amount actually due as a result of such recomputations. If Landlord receives a refund or credit of Taxes for any Comparison Year, Landlord shall recalculate Tenant's Tax Payment for the applicable periods (taking into account the provisions of Sections 8.2(a) and (b)) and shall, as and when such refund payment or credit is received, at its election, either pay to Tenant, or credit against subsequent payments of Rent due hereunder, an amount equal to Tenant's Proportionate Share of the refund, net of any expenses incurred by Landlord in achieving such refund and adjustments to Tenant's Tax Payments resulting from such recalculation, which amount shall not exceed Tenant's Tax Payment paid for such Comparison Year. Landlord shall not be obligated to file any application or institute any proceeding seeking a reduction in Taxes or the Assessed Valuation. (d) Tenant shall be obligated to make Tenant's Tax Payment regardless of whether Tenant may be exempt from the payment of any taxes as the result of any reduction, abatement, or exemption from Taxes granted or agreed to by any Governmental Authority, or by reason of Tenant's diplomatic or other tax exempt status. ( e) If the Expiration Date shall occur on a date other than the last day of a Tax Year, any Additional Rent payable by Tenant to Landlord under this Section 8.2 for the Comparison Year in which such Expiration Date occurs shall be apportioned on the basis of the number of days in the period from such last day to the Expiration Date shall bear to the total number of days in such Comparison Year. In the event of the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, any Additional Rent under this Section 8.2 shall be paid or adjusted within 30 days after submission of the Statement. In no event shall Fixed Rent ever be reduced by operation of this Section 8.2. (f) Tenant shall be responsible for any applicable occupancy or rent tax now in effect or hereafter enacted and applicable to Tenant's occupancy of the Premises, regardless of whether imposed by its terms upon Landlord or Tenant and, if such tax is payable by Landlord, Tenant shall promptly pay such amounts to Landlord, upon Landlord's demand, as Additional Rent. Section 8.3 Tenant's Operating Payment. (a) If the Operating Expenses payable for any Comparison Year exceed the Base Operating Expenses, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, 20 as Additional Rent during each Comparison Year, Tenant's Proportionate Share of such excess ("Tenant's Operating Payment"). For each Comparison Year, Landlord shall furnish to Tenant a written statement setting forth Landlord's good faith reasonable estimate of Tenant's Operating Payment for such Comparison Year, based upon such year's budget. Tenant shall pay to Landlord on the first day of each month during such Comparison Year an amount equal to one-twelfth of Landlord's estimate of Tenant's Operating Payment for such Comparison Year. If Landlord does not furnish any such estimate for a Comparison Year until after the commencement thereof, then (i) until the first day of the month following the month in which such estimate is furnished to Tenant, Tenant shall pay to Landlord on the first day of each month an amount equal to the monthly sum payable by Tenant to Landlord under this Section 8.3 during the last month of the preceding Comparison Year, (ii) promptly after such estimate is furnished to Tenant or together therewith, Landlord shall give notice to Tenant stating whether the installments of Tenant's Operating Payment previously made for such Comparison Year were greater or less than the installments of Tenant's Operating Payment to be made for such Comparison Year in accordance with such estimate, and (A) if there shall be a deficiency, Tenant shall pay the amount thereof within 10 Business Days after demand therefor, or (B) if there shall have been an overpayment, Landlord shall credit the amount thereof against subsequent payments of Rent due hereunder (and if such overpayment or underpayment was more than 10% of the actual amount required to be paid hereunder, then such adjustment shall include interest at the Base Rate on such underpayment or overpayment, as applicable, from the date originally paid by Tenant until Tenant pays such deficiency to Landlord or Landlord credits such overpayment against rent, as applicable), and (iii) on the first day of the month following the month in which such estimate is furnished to Tenant, and on the first day of each month thereafter throughout the remainder of such Comparison Year, Tenant shall pay to Landlord an amount equal to one-twelfth of Tenant's Operating Payment shown on such estimate. (b) Landlord shall furnish to Tenant a Statement of Operating Expenses for the immediately preceding Comparison Year within 365 days after the end of such Comparison Year. If such Statement shall show that the sums paid by Tenant under Section 8.3(a) exceeded the actual amount of Tenant's Operating Payment for such Comparison Year, Landlord shall credit the amount of such excess against subsequent payments of Rent due hereunder. If the Statement for such Comparison Year shall show that the sums so paid by Tenant were less than Tenant's Operating Payment for such Comparison Year, Tenant shall pay the amount of such deficiency within 10 Business Days after Tenant's receipt of such Statement. (c) If the Expiration Date shall occur on a date other than December 31, any Additional Rent under this Section 8.3 for the Comparison Year in which such Expiration Date shall occur shall be apportioned on the basis of the number of days in the period from January 1 to the Expiration Date. Upon the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, any Additional Rent under this Article 8 shall be paid or adjusted within 30 days after 21 submission of the Statement. In no event shall Fixed Rent ever be reduced by operation of this Section 8.3. Section 8.4 Formula. The computations of Additional Rent under this Article 8 are intended to constitute a formula for an agreed rental adjustment and mayor may not constitute an actual reimbursement to Landlord for Taxes, costs and expenses paid by Landlord with respect to the Building. Section 8.5 Non-Waiver: Disputes. (a) Landlord's failure to render any Statement on a timely basis with respect to any Comparison Year shall not prejudice Landlord's right to thereafter render a Statement with respect to such Comparison Year or any subsequent Comparison Year, nor shall the rendering of a Statement prejudice Landlord's right to thereafter render a corrected Statement for any Comparison Year unless such failure continues for more than 3 years after the expiration of the Comparison Year in question to which such Statement or corrected Statement relates (i.e., Landlord may not render a revised Statement or a Statement in respect of any Comparison Year more than 3 years after the expiration of such Comparison Year). (b) Each Statement sent to Tenant shall be conclusively binding upon Tenant unless Tenant shall, (i) pay to Landlord when due the amount set forth in such Statement, without prejudice to Tenant's right to dispute such Statement, and (ii) within 120 days after such Statement is sent, send a written notice to Landlord objecting to such Statement and specifying the reasons for Tenant's claim that such Statement is incorrect. Tenant agrees that Tenant will not employ, in connection with any dispute under this Lease, any person who is to be compensated in whole or in part, on a contingency fee basis. If the parties are unable to resolve any such dispute within 30 days following the giving of Tenant's notice of objection, either party may within ten days after the expiration of such 30 day period refer the issues raised to a nationally recognized, independent firm of certified public accountants selected by Landlord and reasonably acceptable to Tenant, and the decision of such accountants shall be conclusively binding upon Landlord and Tenant. In connection therewith, Tenant and such accountants shall execute and deliver to Landlord a confidentiality agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, whereby such parties agree not to disclose to any third party any of the information obtained in connection with such review, or the substance of any admissions or stipulations by any party in connection therewith, or of any resulting reconciliation, compromise or settlement. Tenant shall pay the fees and expenses relating to such procedure, unless such accountants shall determine that Landlord overstated the Operating Expenses by more than 5% for such Comparison Year, as finally determined, in which case Landlord shall pay such fees and expenses. Except as provided in this Section, Tenant shall have no right whatsoever to dispute by judicial process or otherwise the accuracy of any Statement. Section 8.6 No Reduction in Rent. Anything in this Article 8 to the contrary notwithstanding, under no circumstances shall any decrease in Operating Expenses or Taxes 22 in any Comparison Year below the Base Operating Expenses or Base Taxes, as the case may be, result in a reduction in the Fixed Rent or any other component of Additional Rent payable hereunder. ARTICLE 9 REQUIREMENTS OF LAW Section 9.1 (a) Tenant's Compliance. Tenant, at its expense, shall comply (or cause to be complied) with all Requirements applicable to the Premises, regardless of whether imposed by their terms upon Landlord or Tenant, provided however, that Tenant shall not be obligated to comply with any Requirement requiring any structural alteration to the Premises unless the application of such Requirement arises from (i) Tenant's manner of use or occupancy of the Premises (as distinguished from the use or occupancy of the Premises for office purposes generally), (ii) any cause or condition created by or on behalf of any Tenant Party (including any Alterations), (iii) the breach of any of Tenant's obligation under this Lease, (iv) the Americans with Disabilities Act or New York City Local Law #58 (as each of the same may be amended from time to time), or (v) any Hazardous Materials having been brought into the Building or affected by any Tenant Party. All repairs and alterations to the Premises, required to be made by Tenant as provided above to cause the Premises to comply with any Requirements shall be made by Tenant, at Tenant's expense and in compliance with Article 5, if such repairs or alterations are nonstructural, do not affect any Building System, do not affect the exterior windows of the Premises and do not involve the performance of work outside of the Premises, or by Landlord, at Tenant's reasonable expense, if such repairs or alterations are structural, affect any Building System or the exterior windows of the Premises or involve the performance of work outside the Premises. If Tenant obtains knowledge of any failure to comply with any Requirements applicable to the Premises, Tenant shall give Landlord prompt written notice thereof. (b) Hazardous Materials. Tenant shall not (i) cause or permit any Hazardous Materials to be brought into the Building, (ii) cause or permit the storage or use of Hazardous Materials in any manner not permitted by any Requirements, or (iii) cause or permit the escape, disposal or release of any Hazardous Materials within or in the vicinity of the Building. Nothing herein shall be deemed to prevent Tenant's use of any Hazardous Materials customarily used in the ordinary course of office work, provided such use is in accordance with all Requirements. Tenant shall be responsible, at its expense, for all matters directly or indirectly based on, or arising or resulting from the actual or alleged presence of Hazardous Materials in the Premises or in the Building which is caused or permitted by Tenant or any Tenant Party. Tenant shall provide to Landlord copies of all communications received by Tenant with respect to any Requirements relating to Hazardous Materials, and/or any claims made in connection therewith. Landlord or its agents may perform environmental 23 inspections of the Premises at any time. The covenants contained in this subsection shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. (c) Landlord's Compliance. Landlord shall comply with (or cause to be complied with) all Requirements applicable to the Building which are not the obligation of Tenant, to the extent that non-compliance would materially impair Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises and Tenant's ability to conduct its business in the Premises for office use; and the cost thereof shall be included in Operating Expenses, if and to the extent permitted by Article 8. All Landlord's Work shall be performed in accordance with Requirements. (d) Landlord's Insurance. Tenant shall not cause or permit any action or condition that would (i) invalidate or conflict with Landlord's insurance policies, (ii) violate applicable rules, regulations and guidelines of the Fire Department, Fire Insurance Rating Organization or any other authority having jurisdiction over the Building, or (iii) cause an increase in the premiums for fire insurance then covering the Building over that payable with respect to comparable first-class office buildings or (iv) result in insurance companies of good standing refusing to insure the Building or any property therein in amounts and against risks as reasonably determined by Landlord. If the fire insurance premiums increase as a result of Tenant's failure to comply with the provisions of this Article, Tenant shall promptly cure such failure and shall reimburse Landlord, as Additional Rent, for the increased fire insurance premiums paid by Landlord as a result of such failure by Tenant. In any action or proceeding to which Landlord and Tenant are parties, a schedule or "make up" of rates for the Building or the Premises issued by the appropriate Fire Insurance Rating Organization, or other body fixing such fire insurance rates, shall be conclusive evidence of the fire insurance rates then applicable to the Building. Section 9.2 Fire Alarm System; Sprinkler. Tenant shall install and thereafter maintain in good order and repair a sprinkler, fire-alarm and life-safety system in the Premises. Such installation and maintenance shall be performed by Tenant in accordance with this Lease, the Rules and Regulations and all Requirements (including Requirements applicable to the installation of clear glass lot line windows). Landlord shall provide adequate water and water pressure to support the operation of Tenant's sprinkler system, provided Tenant's sprinklers are installed and designed for a customary office installation. If the Fire Insurance Rating Organization or any Governmental Authority or any of Landlord's insurers requires or recommends (where the failure to implement such recommendation would have an effect described in clauses (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) of the first sentence of Section 9.l(d)) any modifications and/or Alterations be made or any additional equipment be supplied in connection with the sprinkler system or fire alarm and life-safety system serving the Building or the Premises by reason of Tenant's business, any Alteration performed by Tenant or the location of the partitions, trade fixtures, or other contents of the Premises, Landlord (to the extent such modifications or Alterations are structural, affect any Building System or involve the performance of work outside of the Premises) or Tenant (to 24 the extent such modifications or Alterations are nonstructural, do not affect any Building System and do not involve the performance of work outside the Premises) shall make such modifications and/or Alterations, and supply such additional equipment, in either case at Tenant's expense. Section 9.3 Limitations on Rent. If at any time during the Term by reason of any Requirement the Rent is not fully collectible, Tenant shall take such other steps (without additional expense to Tenant) as Landlord may request, and as may be legally permissible, to permit Landlord to collect the maximum rents which may during the continuance of such restriction be legally permissible (but not in excess of the Rent reserved under this Lease). Upon the termination of such restriction during the Term, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, in addition to the Rent for the period following such termination of the restriction, if legally permissible, the portion of Rent which would have been paid pursuant to this Lease but for such legal restriction less the Rent paid by Tenant to Landlord while such restriction \vas in effect, together with interest thereon at the Base Rate. ARTICLE 10 SUBORDINATION Section 10.1 Subordination and Attornment. (a) This Lease and Tenant's rights hereunder are subject and subordinate to all Mortgages and Superior Leases, and, at the request of any Mortgagee or Lessor, Tenant shall attorn to such Mortgagee or Lessor, its successors in interest or any purchaser in a foreclosure sale. (b) If a Lessor or Mortgagee or any other person or entity shall succeed to the rights of Landlord under this Lease, whether through possession or foreclosure action or the delivery of a new lease or deed, then at the request of the successor landlord and upon such successor landlord's written agreement to accept Tenant's attornment and to recognize Tenant's interest under this Lease, Tenant shall be deemed to have attorned to and recognized such successor landlord as Landlord under this Lease. The provisions of this Article are self-operative and require no further instruments to give effect hereto; provided, however, that Tenant shall promptly execute and deliver any instrument that such successor landlord may reasonably request (x) evidencing such attornment, (y) setting forth the terms and conditions of Tenant's tenancy, and (z) containing such other terms and conditions as may be required by such Mortgagee or Lessor, provided such terms and conditions do not materially increase Tenant's obligations or materially and adversely affect the rights of Tenant under this Lease. Upon such attornment this Lease shall continue in full force and effect as a direct lease between such successor landlord and Tenant upon all of the terms, conditions and covenants set forth in this Lease except that such successor landlord shall not be: 25 (i) liable for any previous act or omission of Landlord under this Lease; (ii) subject to any credit, demand, claim, counterclaim, offset or defense which theretofore accrued to Tenant against Landlord; (iii) if Mortgagee's or Lessor's consent is required under any Mortgage or Superior Lease, bound by any previous modification of this Lease, or by any previous prepayment of more than one month's Fixed Rent or Additional Rent; (iv) bound by any covenant or obligation of Landlord to perform, undertake or complete any work in the Premises or to prepare the Premises for Tenant's occupancy; (v) required to account for any security deposit of Tenant other than any security deposit actually delivered to Mortgagee or Lessor by Landlord; (vi) bound by any obligation to make any payment to Tenant or grant any credits, except for services, repairs, maintenance and restoration provided for under this Lease to be performed by Landlord after the date of such attornment; and (vii) responsible for any monies (other than overpayments of Tenant's Tax Payment or Tenant's Operating Payment) owing by Landlord to Tenant. Section 10.2 Mortgage or Superior Lease Defaults. Any Mortgagee may elect that this Lease shall have priority over the Mortgage that it holds and, upon notification to Tenant by such Mortgagee, this Lease shall be deemed to have priority over such Mortgage, regardless of the date of this Lease. In connection with any financing of the Real Property, the Building or of the interest of the lessee under any Superior Lease, Tenant shall consent to any reasonable modifications of this Lease requested by any lending institution, provided such modifications do not materially increase the obligations, or materially and adversely affect the rights, of Tenant under this Lease. Section 10.3 Tenant's Termination Right. As long as any Superior Lease or Mortgage shall exist, Tenant shall not seek to terminate this Lease by reason of any act or omission of Landlord (a) until Tenant shall have given notice of such act or omission to all Lessors and/or Mortgagees, and (b) until a reasonable period of time shall have elapsed following the giving of notice of such default and the expiration of any applicable notice or grace periods (unless such act or omission is not capable of being remedied within a reasonable period of time) during which period such Lessors and/or Mortgagees shall have the right, but not the obligation, after obtaining possession of the Real Property to remedy such act or omission and thereafter diligently proceed to so remedy such act or obligation. If any Lessor or Mortgagee elects to remedy such act or omission of Landlord, Tenant shall not 26 seek to terminate this Lease so long as such Lessor or Mortgagee is proceeding with reasonable diligence to effect such remedy. Section 10.4 Applicability. The provisions of this Article shall (a) inure to the benefit of Landlord, any future owner of the Building or the Real Property, any Lessor or Mortgagee and any sublessor thereof and (b) apply notwithstanding that, as a matter of law, this Lease may terminate upon the termination of any Superior Lease or the foreclosure of any Mortgage. Section 10.5 Future Condominium Declaration. This Lease and Tenant's rights hereunder are and will be subject and subordinate to any condominium declaration, by-laws and other instruments (collectively, the "Declaration") which may be recorded in order to subject the Building to a condominium form of ownership pursuant to Article 9B of the New York Real Property Law or any successor statute, provided that the Declaration does not by its terms increase the Rent, materially increase Tenant's non-Rent obligations or materially and adversely affect Tenant's rights under this Lease. At Landlord's request, and subject to the foregoing proviso, Tenant will execute and deliver to Landlord an amendment of this Lease confirming such subordination and modifying this Lease to conform to such condominium regime. Section 10.6 Non-Disturbance Agreements. Landlord represents, as of the date hereof, that there is no Superior Lease and the only existing Mortgagee is SunAmerica. Landlord hereby agrees to use reasonable efforts to obtain for Tenant, at no cost to Landlord, a subordination, non-disturbance and attornment agreement ("SNDA") from SunAmerica, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit G, provided that Landlord shall have no liability to Tenant, and the subordination of this Lease to any Mortgage shall not be affected, in the event that it is unable to obtain any such agreement, except as provided in the next sentence of this Section 10.6. If Landlord shall fail to deliver to Tenant the SNDA from SunAmerica within 60 days following execution and delivery of this Lease by both parties, Tenant shall have the right for 30 days after the expiration of such 60-day period to cancel this Lease by giving Landlord notice of such election, whereupon this Lease shall become null and void as of the date that is 30 days following the date such notice is given, provided that if Landlord shall deliver the SNDA to Tenant within 30 days following receipt of notice of cancellation from Tenant, this Lease shall continue and Tenant shall have no right to cancel it. If no notice is given within such 30-day period (time being of the essence), then Tenant's right to cancel this Lease shall be deemed waived. As a condition to Tenant's agreement hereunder to subordinate Tenant's interest in this Lease to any future Mortgage and Superior Lease, as the case may be, made between Landlord and any Mortgagee and/or Lessor, Landlord shall obtain for signature by Tenant from each such future Mortgagee or Lessor, as the case may be, a SNDA in the standard form customarily employed by such Mortgagee or Lessor. Any agreement substantially in the form of a SNDA previously executed by Tenant in connection with this Lease shall be deemed satisfactory to Tenant. If Tenant shall fail or refuse, for any reason, to execute and deliver to Landlord a SNDA in 27 proper form within 10 days after delivery thereof to Tenant, then Tenant's interest under this Lease shall be subordinate to the future Mortgage and Landlord shall have no further liability to Tenant to obtain a SNDA from such Mortgagee. ARTICLE 11 SERVICES Section 11.1 Elevators. Landlord, at its expense, shall provide passenger elevator service to the Premises at all times, and at least one freight elevator serving the Premises available upon Tenant's prior request, on a non-exclusive "first come, first serve" basis with other Building tenants, on all Business Days from 8:00 a.m. to 11:45 a.m. and from 1 :00 p.m. to 4:45 p.m. Landlord shall at all times during the Term provide at least 2 passenger elevators serving the Premises from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Business Days, subject to normal maintenance, repair obligations and Unavoidable Delays. Section 11.2 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. (a) Landlord shall furnish to the Premises heating, ventilation and air-conditioning ("HVAC") in accordance with the standards set forth in Exhibit D on all Business Days from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Landlord, at its expense, shall repair and maintain the HVAC System in good working order, provided repairs required as a result of the negligence or willful misconduct of Tenant, its agents or employees, shall be performed at Tenant's expense. Landlord shall have access to all air-cooling, fan, ventilating and machine rooms and electrical closets and all other mechanical installations of Landlord (collectively, "Mechanical Installations"), and Tenant shall not construct partitions or other obstructions which may interfere with Landlord's access thereto or the moving of Landlord's equipment to and from the Mechanical Installations. Neither Tenant, nor its agents, employees or contractors shall at any time enter the Mechanical Installations or tamper with, adjust, or otherwise affect such Mechanical Installations. (b) Landlord shall not be responsible if the normal operation of the Building System providing HVAC to the Premises (the "HVAC System") shall fail to provide cooled or heated air, as the case may be, in accordance with the specifications set forth in Exhibit D by reason of (i) any machinery or equipment installed by or on behalf of Tenant or any person claiming through or under Tenant, which shall have an electrical load in excess of the average electrical load and human occupancy factors for the HVAC System as designed, as the case may be, or (ii) any rearrangement of partitioning or other Alterations (including the Initial Installations) made or performed by or on behalf of Tenant or any person claiming through or under Tenant. Tenant shall install, if missing, blinds or shades on all windows, which blinds and shades and the manner of installation shall be subject to Landlord's approval, and shall keep all of the operable windows in the Premises closed, and lower the blinds when necessary because of the sun's position, whenever the HVAC System is in 28 operation or when and as reasonably required by any Requirement. Tenant at all times shall cooperate fully with Landlord and shall abide by the rules and regulations which Landlord may reasonably prescribe for the proper functioning and protection of the HVAC System. Section 11.3 Overtime Freight Elevators and HVAC. The Rent does not reflect or include any charge to Tenant for the furnishing of any freight elevator service or HVAC to the Premises during any periods other than for the hours and days set forth in Sections 11.1 and 11.2 hereof ("Overtime Periods"). Landlord shall not be required to furnish any such services during Overtime Periods unless Tenant delivers notice to Landlord's property management office serving the Building requesting such services at least 24 hours prior to the time at which such services are to be provided, but Landlord shall use reasonable efforts (without obligation to incur any additional cost) to arrange such service on such shorter notice as Tenant shall provide. If Landlord furnishes freight elevator service to the Premises during Overtime Periods, Tenant shall pay to Landlord Landlord's then established rates for such service in the Building. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in this Article 11 on a single weekend during which Tenant initially moves into the Premises for the conduct of its business, upon 5 days' prior notice from Tenant to Landlord, Landlord shall make available to Tenant freight elevator service in accordance with Landlord's then current rules and regulations applicable thereto from 8:00 p.m. on the "move-in" Friday until 7:00 p.m. on the following Sunday at no cost to Tenant. If Landlord shall furnish HVAC to the Premises during Overtime Periods, Tenant shall pay to Landlord Landlord's then established rates for such service in the Building. Section 11.4 Cleaning. Landlord shall cause the Premises (excluding any portions thereof used for the storage, preparation, service or consumption of food or beverages, as an exhibition area or classroom, for storage, as a shipping room, mail room or similar purposes, for private bathrooms, showers or exercise facilities, as a trading floor, or primarily for operation of computer, data processing, reproduction, duplicating or similar equipment) to be cleaned, substantially in accordance with the standards set forth in Exhibit E. Any areas of the Premises requiring cleaning which Landlord is not required to clean under this Section 11.4, and any additional cleaning of any portion of the Premises requested by Tenant shall be done at Tenant's expense, by Landlord's employees or Landlord's contractor, at rates which shall be competitive with rates of other cleaning contractors providing services to first-class office buildings in midtown Manhattan. Landlord and its cleaning contractor and their respective employees shall have access to the Premises at all times except between 8:00 AM. and 5:30 P.M. on Business Days. Section 11.5 Water. Landlord, at Landlord's expense, shall provide to the floor on which the Premises are located cold water for drinking, cleaning and lavatory purposes. If Tenant requires or uses water or steam for any additional purposes, Landlord may install a meter to measure the water or steam furnished. Tenant shall pay the cost of such installation, and for all maintenance, repairs and replacements thereto, and for the reasonable charges of Landlord for the water or steam furnished. Tenant shall also pay Landlord's reasonable 29 charge for any required pumping or heating thereof, and any sewer rent, tax and/or charge now or hereafter assessed or imposed upon the Premises or the Real Property pursuant to any Requirement. If any tax is imposed upon Landlord's receipts from the sale or resale of water or steam to Tenant, Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for such tax, if and to the extent permitted by law. Section 11.6 Refuse and Rubbish Removal. Landlord shall provide refuse and rubbish removal services at the Premises for ordinary office refuse and rubbish pursuant to regulations reasonably established by Landlord. Tenant shall pay to Landlord, within 10 Business Days after delivery of an invoice therefor, Landlord's reasonable charge for such removal to the extent that the refuse generated by Tenant exceeds the refuse and rubbish customarily generated by executive and general office tenants. Tenant shall not dispose of any refuse and rubbish in the public areas of the Building, and if any Tenant Party does so, Tenant shall be liable for Landlord's reasonable charge for such removal. Tenant shall cause all Tenant Parties to observe such additional rules and regulations regarding rubbish removal and/or recycling as Landlord may, from time to time, reasonably impose. Section 11.7 Condenser Water. Landlord shall provide condenser water in connection with Tenant's independent supplemental air-conditioning units, which shall not exceed 80 tons in the aggregate, of which Tenant may utilize up to 15 tons in the aggregate from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. and of which Tenant may utilize up to 80 tons in the aggregate from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m., and which shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of Article 5 hereof. Tenant shall pay Landlord an annual charge for such condenser water at Landlord's then established rate for condenser water, which charge is, on the date of this Lease, $550 per ton which charge shall be payable in equal monthly installments together with Tenant's payment of Fixed Rent and shall be payable whether or not Tenant utilizes such amount of condenser water, provided Tenant shall have the right at any time after the date of this Lease to irrevocably reduce the number of tons of condenser water to which Tenant is entitled pursuant to this Section (which is 80 tons on the date hereof) by giving notice of such reduction to Landlord, whereupon the number of tons to which Tenant shall be entitled pursuant to the first sentence of this Section shall be reduced as of the date Landlord shall receive such notice to the lower number of tons specified in such notice. Tenant shall have no liability to pay the annual charge referred to above in respect of the number of tons of condenser water given up by Tenant in accordance with the preceding proviso. Such charge may be increased by Landlord on each anniversary of the Commencement Date so that it equals (a) the prior year's charge plus (b) the prior year's charge multiplied by the percentage increase, if any, in the Consumer Price Index in effect on such anniversary of the Commencement Date from that in effect on the immediately preceding anniversary of the Commencement Date (or the Commencement Date in the case of the one-year anniversary of the Commencement Date), provided, however, that in no event shall such annual charge, as increased, exceed Landlord's established rate for condenser water from time to time in effect. If Tenant fails to utilize any quantity of condenser water for one year or more, Landlord shall have the right upon notice to Tenant to irrevocably reduce the number of tons 30 of condenser water to which Tenant is entitled hereunder by the number of such unutilized tons (unless Tenant notifies Landlord within ten days after Tenant's receipt of such notice from Landlord that it anticipates utilizing a portion or all of such unutilized tons of condenser water, in which case Landlord shall only have the right to reduce the number of tons of condenser water to which Tenant is then entitled by such number as Tenant does not anticipate utilizing, provided, however, that Landlord shall have the right upon further notice to Tenant to reduce the number of tons of condenser water to which Tenant is then entitled by any number of tons of condenser water that Tenant has reserved in its notice to Landlord if Tenant fails to utilize any such reserved tons prior to the expiration of the cooling season (i.e., May 1 to September 30) next following Tenant's receipt of the first notice from Landlord), in which case Landlord shall only charge Tenant for such lower number of tons of condenser water. In addition to the foregoing charges there shall be a one-time "tap-in" fee equal to $1,500 per ton of unit capacity, payable within fifteen (15) days after rendition of a bill therefor. Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for any failure or defect in the supply or character of condenser water supplied to Tenant by reason of any Requirement, act or omission of the public service company serving the Building or for any other reason not attributable to the negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord, its agents, contractors and employees. Section 11.8 Service Interruptions. Landlord reserves the right to suspend any service when necessary, by reason of Unavoidable Delays, accidents or emergencies, or for repairs, alterations or improvements which, in Landlord's reasonable judgment, are necessary or appropriate until such Unavoidable Delay, accident or emergency shall cease or such repairs, alterations or improvements are completed, and Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for any interruption, curtailment or failure to supply services. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to restore such service, remedy such situation and minimize any interference with Tenant's business, provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates, or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. The exercise of any such right or the occurrence of any such failure by Landlord shall not (a) constitute an actual or constructive eviction, in whole or in part, (b) except as expressly provided in Section 11.9, entitle Tenant to any compensation, abatement or diminution of Rent, (c) relieve Tenant from any of its obligations under this Lease, or (d) impose any Liability upon Landlord by reason of inconvenience to Tenant, or interruption of Tenant's business, or otherwise. Section 11.9 Rent Abatement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Lease, if Tenant is unable to use 25% or more of the 23rd Floor Premises or the 24th Floor Premises for the ordinary conduct of Tenant's business due solely to (a) an interruption of an Essential Service (as hereinafter defined) resulting from Landlord's performance of an improvement to the Building or the negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord or (b) Landlord's breach of an obligation under this Lease to perform repairs or replacements which results in Landlord's failure to provide an Essential Service, in each case other than as a result of Unavoidable Delays, casualty or condemnation, and such condition continues for a 31 period in excess of 10 consecutive Business Days after (i) Tenant furnishes a notice to Landlord (the "Abatement Notice") stating that Tenant's inability to use such portion of the 23rd Floor Premises or the 24th Floor Premises is solely due to such condition, (ii) Tenant does not actually use or occupy such portion of the 23rd Floor Premises or the 24th Floor Premises during such period for the ordinary conduct of its business and (iii) such condition has not resulted from the negligence or misconduct of any Tenant Party, then Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment and Tenant's Operating Payment for such affected and unused portion of the 23rd Floor Premises or the 24th Floor Premises, as the case may be, shall be abated on a per diem basis for the period commencing on the 11th Business Day after Tenant delivers the Abatement Notice to Landlord and ending on the earlier of (x) the date Tenant reoccupies the applicable portion of the 23rd Floor Premises or the 24th Floor Premises, as the case may be, and (y) the date on which such condition is substantially remedied. "Essential Service" shall mean a service which Landlord is obligated under this Lease to provide to Tenant which if not provided shall (1) effectively deny access to the Premises, (2) threaten the health or safety of any occupants of the Premises or (3) prevent or materially and adversely restrict the usage of more than 25% of the 23rd Floor Premises or the 24th Floor Premises, as the case may be, for the ordinary conduct of Tenant's business. ARTICLE 12 INSURANCE: PROPERTY LOSS OR DAMAGE; REIMBURSEMENT Section 12.1 Tenant's Insurance. (a) Tenant, at its expense, shall obtain and keep in full force and effect during the Term and prior to having access to the Premises: (i) a policy of commercial general liability insurance on an occurrence basis against claims for personal injury, death and/or property damage occurring in or about the Premises or the Building, under which Tenant is named as the insured and Landlord, Landlord's managing agent, any Lessors, any Mortgagees and any other parties whose names shall have been furnished by Landlord to Tenant from time to time are named as additional insureds, which insurance shall provide primary coverage without contribution from any other insurance carried by or for the benefit of Landlord, Landlord's managing agent or any Lessors or Mortgagees named as additional insureds, and Tenant agrees to obtain contractual liability coverage to insure its indemnity obligations set forth in Article 32 hereof. The minimum limits of liability applying exclusively to the Premises shall be a combined single limit with respect to each occurrence and in the aggregate in an amount of not less than $10,000,000; provided, however, that Landlord shall retain the right to require Tenant to increase such coverage, from time to time, to that amount of insurance which in Landlord's reasonable judgment is then being customarily required by landlords for similar office space in first-class buildings in the City of New York. The deductible or self insured retention for such policy shall in no event exceed $10,000 per 32 occurrence at any time. If the aggregate limit applying to the Premises is reduced by the payment of a claim or establishment of a reserve equal to or greater than 50% of the annual aggregate, Tenant shall immediately arrange to have the aggregate limit restored by endorsement to the existing policy or the purchase of an additional insurance policy unless, in Landlord's reasonable judgment, Tenant maintains sufficient excess liability insurance (with a drop down endorsement) to satisfy the liability requirements of this Lease without the reinstatement of the aggregate limit; (ii) insurance against loss or damage by fire, and such other risks and hazards as are insurable under then available standard forms of "all risk" property insurance policies with extended coverage, insuring Tenant's Property, and all Specialty Alterations for the full insurable value thereof or replacement cost value thereof, having a deductible amount, if any, as reasonably determined by Landlord; (iii) during the performance of any Alteration, until completion thereof, Builder's risk insurance on an "all risk" basis and on a completed value form including a Permission to Complete and Occupy endorsement, for full replacement value covering the interest of Landlord and Tenant (and their respective contractors and subcontractors), any Mortgagee and any Lessor in all work incorporated in the Building and all materials and equipment in or about the Premises; (iv) Workers' Compensation Insurance, as required by law; (v) Business Interruption Insurance; and (vi) such other insurance in such amounts as Landlord, any Mortgagee and/or any Lessor may reasonably require from time to time. (b) All insurance required to be carried by Tenant pursuant to the terms of this Lease (i) shall contain a provision that (A) no act or omission of Tenant other than intentional acts shall affect or limit the obligation of the insurance company to pay the amount of any loss sustained, (B) the policy shall be noncancellable and/or no material change in coverage shall be made thereto unless Landlord, Lessors and Mortgagees shall have received 30 days' prior notice of the same, by certified mail, return receipt requested, and (C) Tenant shall be solely responsible for the payment of all premiums under such policies and Landlord, Lessors and Mortgagees shall have no obligation for the payment thereof, and (ii) shall be effected under valid and enforceable policies issued by reputable and independent insurers permitted to do business in the State of New York and rated in Best's Insurance Guide, or any successor thereto (or if there be none, an organization having a national reputation) as having a Best's Rating of "A-" and a "Financial Size Category" of at least "X" or, if such ratings are not then in effect, the equivalent thereof or such other financial rating as Landlord may at any time consider appropriate. 33 (c) On or prior to the Commencement Date, Tenant shall deliver to Landlord appropriate policies of insurance, including evidence of waivers of subrogation required to be carried by each party pursuant to this Article 12. Evidence of each renewal or replacement of a policy shall be delivered by Tenant to Landlord at least 10 days prior to the expiration of such policy. In lieu of the policies of insurance required to be delivered to Landlord pursuant to this Article (the "Policies"), Tenant may deliver to Landlord a certification from Tenant's insurance company (on the form currently designated "Acord 27", or the equivalent, rather than on the form currently designated "Acord 25-S", or the equivalent) which shall be binding on Tenant's insurance company, and which shall expressly provide that such certification (i) conveys to Landlord and any other named insured and/or additional insureds there under (the "Insured Parties") all the rights and privileges afforded under the applicable Policies as primary insurance, and (ii) contains an unconditional obligation of the insurance company to advise all Insured Parties in writing by certified mail, return receipt requested, at least 30 days in advance of any termination or change to the applicable Policies that would affect the interest of any of the Insured Parties. Section 12.2 Waiver of Subrogation. Landlord and Tenant shall each procure an appropriate clause in or endorsement to any property insurance covering the Premises, the Building and personal property, fixtures and equipment located therein, wherein the insurance companies shall waive subrogation or consent to a waiver of right of recovery, and Landlord and Tenant agree not to make any claim against, or seek to recover from, the other for any loss or damage to its property or the property of others resulting from fire and other hazards to the extent covered by such property insurance; provided, however, that the release, discharge, exoneration and covenant not to sue contained herein shall be limited by and coextensive with the terms and provisions of the waiver of subrogation or waiver of right of recovery. If the payment of an additional premium is required for the inclusion of, or consent to, a waiver of subrogation, each party shall advise the other, in writing, of the amount of any such additional premiums attributable to the other party's waiver and the other party may pay such additional premium. If such other party shall not elect to pay such additional premium, then the first party shall not be required to obtain such waiver of subrogation or consent to waiver. Tenant acknowledges that Landlord shall not carry insurance on, and shall not be responsible for, (a) damage to any Specialty Alterations, (b) Tenant's Property, and (c) any loss suffered by Tenant due to interruption of Tenant's business. ARTICLE 13 DESTRUCTION - FIRE OR OTHER CAUSE Section 13.1 Restoration. If the Premises are damaged by fire or other casualty, or if the Building is damaged such that Tenant is deprived of reasonable access to the Premises, Tenant shall give prompt notice to Landlord, and the damage shall be repaired by Landlord, 34 at its expense, to substantially the condition of the Premises prior to the damage, subject to the provisions of any Mortgage or Superior Lease, but Landlord shall have no obligation to repair or restore (a) Tenant's Property or (b) any Specialty Alterations. Until such time as the restoration of the Premises is Substantially Completed or would have been Substantially Completed but for Tenant Delay, Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment and Tenant's Operating Payment shall be reduced in the proportion by which the area of the part of the Premises (excluding any portion thereof used principally for storage) which is not usable (or accessible) and is not used by Tenant bears to the total area of the Premises (excluding any such portion). Section 13.2 Landlord's Termination Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 13.1, if the Premises are totally damaged or are rendered wholly untenantable, or if the Building is so damaged that in Landlord's opinion, substantial alteration, demolition, or reconstruction of the Building is required (whether or not the Premises are so damaged or rendered untenantable), then in either of such events, Landlord may, not later than 60 days following the date of the damage, give Tenant a notice terminating this Lease, provided that if the Premises are not damaged, Landlord may not terminate this Lease unless Landlord similarly terminates the leases of other office tenants in the Building aggregating at least 50% of the portion of the Building occupied for office purposes immediately prior to such damage. If this Lease is so terminated, (i) the Term shall expire upon the date set forth in Landlord's notice, which shall not be less than 30 days after such notice is given, and Tenant shall vacate the Premises and surrender the same to Landlord no later than the date set forth in the notice, (ii) Tenant's liability for Rent shall cease as of the date of the damage, and (iii) any prepaid Rent for any period after the date of the damage shall be refunded by Landlord to Tenant. Section 13.3 Tenant's Termination Right. If the Premises are totally damaged and are thereby rendered wholly untenantable, or if the Building shall be so damaged that Tenant is deprived of reasonable access to the Premises, and if Landlord elects to restore the Premises, Landlord shall, within 60 days following the date of the damage, cause a contractor or architect selected by Landlord to give notice (the "Restoration Notice") to Tenant of the date by which such contractor or architect estimates the restoration of the Premises shall be Substantially Completed. If such date, as set forth the Restoration Notice, is more than 15 months from the date of such damage, then Tenant shall have the right to terminate this Lease by giving notice (the "Termination Notice") to Landlord not later than 30 days following Tenant's receipt of the Restoration Notice. If Tenant delivers to Landlord a Termination Notice, this Lease shall be deemed to have terminated as of the date of the giving of the Termination Notice, in the manner set forth in the second sentence of Section 13.2. Section 13.4 Final 18 Months. Notwithstanding anything set forth to the contrary in this Article 13, in the event that any damage rendering the Premises wholly untenantable occurs during the final 18 months of the Term, either Landlord or Tenant may terminate this 35 Lease by notice to the other party within 30 days after the occurrence of such damage and this Lease shall expire on the 30th day after the date of such notice. For purposes of this Section 13.4, the Premises shall be deemed wholly untenantable if due to such damage, Tenant shall be precluded from using more than 50% of the Premises for the conduct of its business and Tenant's inability to so use the Premises is reasonably expected to continue until at least the earlier of the (a) Expiration Date and (b) the 90th day after the date when such damage occurs. Section 13.5 Waiver of Real Property Law 227. This Article 13 constitutes an express agreement governing any case of damage or destruction of the Premises or the Building by fire or other casualty, and Section 227 of the Real Property Law of the State of New York, which provides for such contingency in the absence of an express agreement, and any other law of like nature and purpose now or hereafter in force, shall have no application in any such case. Section 13.6 Landlord's Liability. Any Building employee to whom any property shall be entrusted by or on behalf of Tenant shall be deemed to be acting as Tenant's agent with respect to such property and neither Landlord nor any of the Indemnitees shall be liable for any damage to such property, or for the loss of or damage to any property of Tenant by theft or otherwise. None of the Indemnitees shall be liable for any injury or damage to persons or property or interruption of Tenant's business resulting from fire or other casualty, any damage caused by other tenants or persons in the Building or by construction of any private, public or quasi-public work, or any latent defect in the Premises or in the Building (except that Landlord shall be required to repair the same to the extent provided in Article 7). No penalty shall accrue for delays which may arise by reason of adjustment of fire insurance on the part of Landlord or Tenant, or Unavoidable Delays, in connection with any repair or restoration of any portion of the Premises or of the Building. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises during the performance of any such repair or restoration, provided, however, that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. Nothing in this Section 13.6 shall affect any right of Landlord to be indemnified by Tenant under Article 32 for payments made to compensate for losses of third parties. Section 13.7 Windows. If at any time any windows of the Premises are temporarily closed, darkened or covered over by reason of repairs, maintenance, alterations or improvements to the Building, or any of such windows are permanently closed, darkened or covered over due to any Requirement, Landlord shall not be liable for any damage Tenant may sustain and Tenant shall not be entitled to any compensation or abatement of any Rent, nor shall the same release Tenant from its obligations hereunder or constitute an actual or constructive eviction. 36 ARTICLE 14 EMINENT DOMAIN Section 14.1 (a) Total Taking. If all or substantially all of the Premises, the Building or the Real Property shall be acquired or condemned for any public or quasi-public purpose, this Lease shall terminate and the Term shall end as of the date of the vesting of title, with the same effect as if such date were the Expiration Date, and Rent shall be prorated and adjusted as of such date. (b) Partial Taking. If only a part of the Premises, the Building or the Real Property shall be acquired or condemned, this Lease and the Term shall continue in full force and effect, provided that from and after the date of the vesting of title, the Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment, Tenant's Operating Payment and Tenant's Proportionate Share shall be modified to reflect the reduction of the Premises and/or the Building as a result of such acquisition or condemnation. (c) Landlord's Termination Right. Whether or not the Premises are affected, Landlord may give to Tenant, within 60 days following the date upon which Landlord receives notice that all or a portion of the Building or the Real Property has been acquired or condemned, a notice of termination of this Lease, provided that Landlord elects to terminate leases (including this Lease) affecting at least 50% of the portion of the Building occupied for office purposes immediately prior to such acquisition or condemnation (excluding any rentable area leased by Landlord or its Affiliates) located in the elevator bank servicing the Premises. (d) Tenant's Termination Right. If the part of the Building or the Real Property so acquired or condemned contains a substantial part of the total area of the Premises immediately prior to such acquisition or condemnation, or if, by reason of such acquisition or condemnation, Tenant no longer has reasonable means of access to the Premises, Tenant may terminate this Lease by notice to Landlord given within 60 days following the date upon which Tenant received notice of such acquisition or condemnation. If Tenant so notifies Landlord, this Lease shall terminate and the Term shall end and expire upon the date set forth in the notice, which date shall not be more than 30 days following the giving of such notice. If a part of the Premises shall be so acquired or condemned and this Lease and the Term shall not be terminated in accordance with this Section 14.1 Landlord, at Landlord's expense, but without requiring Landlord to spend more than it collects as an award, shall, subject to the provisions of any Mortgage or Superior Lease, restore that part of the Premises not so acquired or condemned to a self-contained rental unit substantially equivalent (with respect to character, quality, appearance and services) to that which existed immediately prior to such acquisition or condemnation, excluding Tenant's Property and/or Specialty Alterations. 37 (e) Apportionment of Rent. Upon any termination of this Lease pursuant to the provisions of this Article 14, Fixed Rent and payments for Taxes and Operating Expenses shall be apportioned as of, and shall be paid or refunded up to and including, the date of such termination. (f) Applicability. The provisions of Sections 14.1 and 14.2 shall not apply to any acquisition or condemnation of all or any part of the Premises for a period of 18 months or less. Section 14.2 Awards. Upon any acquisition or condemnation of all or any part of the Real Property, Landlord shall receive the entire award for any such acquisition or condemnation, and Tenant shall have no claim against Landlord or the condemning authority for the value of any unexpired portion of the Term, Tenant's Alterations or improvements; and Tenant hereby assigns to Landlord all of its right in and to such award. Nothing contained in this Article 14 shall be deemed to prevent Tenant from making a separate claim in any condemnation proceedings for the then value of any Tenant's Property or Specialty Alteration included in such taking and for any moving expenses, provided any such award is in addition to, and does not result in a reduction of, the award made to Landlord. Section 14.3 Temporary Taking. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 14.1, if all or any part of the Premises is acquired or condemned temporarily for a period of 18 months or less during the Term for any public or quasi-public use or purpose, Tenant shall give prompt notice to Landlord and the Term shall not be reduced or affected in any way and Tenant shall continue to pay all Rent payable by Tenant without reduction or abatement and to perform all of its other obligations under this Lease, except to the extent prevented from doing so by the condemning authority, and Tenant shall be entitled to receive any award or payment from the condemning authority for such use, which award shall be received, held and applied by Tenant as a trust fund for payment of the Rent falling due, provided that if the acquisition or condemnation is for a period extending beyond the Term, such award shall be apportioned between Landlord and Tenant and Landlord shall receive the portion of such award relating to the period after the Term. If the acquisition or condemnation of all or any part of the Premises is for a period of more than 18 months, the provisions of Sections 14.1 and 14.2 shall apply. ARTICLE 15 ASSIGNMENT AND SUBLETTING Section 15.1 (a) No Assignment or Subletting. Except as expressly set forth herein, Tenant shall not assign, mortgage, pledge, encumber, or otherwise transfer this Lease, whether by operation of law or otherwise, and shall not sublet (or underlet), or permit, or suffer the Premises or any part thereof to be used or occupied by others (whether for desk 38 space, mailing privileges or otherwise), without Landlord's prior consent in each instance. Any assignment, sublease, mortgage, pledge, encumbrance or transfer in contravention of the provisions of this Article 15 shall be void. (b) Collection of Rent. If, without Landlord's consent, this Lease is assigned, or any part of the Premises is sublet or occupied by anyone other than Tenant or this Lease or the Premises or any of Tenant's Property is encumbered (by operation of law or otherwise), Landlord may collect rent from the assignee, subtenant or occupant, and apply the net amount collected to the Rent herein reserved. No such collection of rent shall be deemed to be (i) a waiver of the provisions of this Article 15, (ii) an acceptance of the assignee, subtenant or occupant as tenant, or (iii) a release of Tenant from the performance of Tenant's covenants hereunder. Tenant shall remain fully liable for the obligations under this Lease. (c) Further Assignment/Subletting. Landlord's consent to any assignment or subletting shall not relieve Tenant from the obligation to obtain Landlord's express consent to any further assignment or subletting. In no event shall any permitted subtenant assign or encumber its sublease or further sublet any portion of its sublet space, or otherwise suffer or permit any portion of the sublet space to be used or occupied by others without Landlord's consent, which consent, with respect to one further subletting by the subtenant, shall be granted or withheld by Landlord in accordance with the requirements of this Article. Section 15.2 Tenant's Notice. (a) If Tenant desires to assign this Lease or sublet all or any portion of the Premises, Tenant shall give notice thereof to Landlord, which shall be accompanied by (i) with respect to an assignment of this Lease, the date Tenant desires the assignment to be effective, and (ii) with respect to a sublet of all or a part of the Premises, (A) the material business terms on which Tenant would sublet such premises, and (B) a description of the portion of the Premises to be sublet. Such notice shall be deemed an irrevocable offer from Tenant to Landlord whereby Landlord (or Landlord's designee) shall be granted the right, at Landlord's option, (1) to terminate this Lease with respect to such space as Tenant proposes to sublease, provided the term of the proposed sublease expires less than 18 months before the Expiration Date, upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth, or (2) if the proposed transaction is an assignment of this Lease or a subletting of 75% or more of the rentable square footage of the Premises expiring less than 18 months before the Expiration Date, to terminate this Lease with respect to the entire Premises. Such option may be exercised by notice from Landlord to Tenant within 45 days after Landlord's receipt of Tenant's notice. (b) Notwithstanding any provision contained in this Article 15 to the contrary, Tenant named herein shall have the right to sublet one or more portions of the 24th Floor Premises prior to Tenant's initial occupancy thereof for the conduct of its business, in each case, without any obligation to comply with the provisions of Section 15.2(a). Such subleases by Tenant shall not be subject to Landlord's right to terminate this Lease or Landlord's right to sublease such space from Tenant pursuant to Sections 15.2 and 39 15.4 hereof, as the case may be, or the provisions of Section 15.8 for the first 3 years of the term of any such sublease but shall be subject to Landlord's consent under Section 15.5 and the other provisions of this Article. Section 15.3 Landlord's Termination. If Landlord exercises its option to terminate all or a portion of this Lease pursuant to Section 15.2: (a) this Lease shall end and expire with respect to all or a portion of the Premises, as the case may be, on the date that such assignment or sublease was to commence or, in the absence of such date, a date designated by Landlord, (b) Fixed Rent and Tenant's payments for Taxes and Operating Expenses shall be apportioned, paid or refunded as of such date, (c) Tenant, upon Landlord's request, shall enter into an amendment of this Lease ratifying and confirming such total or partial termination, and setting forth any appropriate modifications to the terms and provisions hereof, (d) Landlord shall be free to lease the Premises (or any part thereof) to Tenant's prospective assignee or subtenant and (e) if this Lease shall end with respect to a portion of the Premises, Tenant shall, at Tenant's sole cost and expense, separately demise such portion of the Premises, and make available all utility services so as to make such portion of the Premises a self- contained rental unit satisfactory in all respects to Landlord and in compliance with all Requirements. Section 15.4 (a) Landlord's Leaseback. If Landlord receives a notice from Tenant as described in Section 15.2, Landlord or its designee may, at its option, in lieu of exercising the option to terminate described in Section 15.2, sublease from Tenant the space described in Tenant's notice (or, if the space described in Tenant's notice constitutes 75 percent or more of the rentable square footage contained in the Premises, Landlord may sublease from Tenant the entire Premises) (such space being hereafter referred to as the "Leaseback Space"). If Landlord exercises its option to sublet the Leaseback Space, such sublease to Landlord or its designee (as subtenant) shall be at a rental rate equal to the product of the lesser of (A) the rent per rentable square foot (including Fixed Rent and Additional Rent) then payable pursuant to this Lease, and (B) the rent per rentable square foot set forth in the proposed sublease, multiplied by the rentable square foot area of the Leaseback Space; shall be for the same term as that of the proposed subletting; and shall: (i) be expressly subject to all of the covenants, terms and conditions of this Lease except such as are irrelevant or inapplicable, and except as expressly set forth in this Article 15 to the contrary; (ii) give the subtenant the unqualified and unrestricted right, without Tenant's consent, to assign such sublease or any interest therein and/or to sublet all or any portion of the space covered by such sublease and to make alterations and improvements in the space covered by such sublease, and if the proposed sublease will result in all or substantially all of the Premises being sublet, grant Landlord or its designee the option to extend the term of such sublease for the balance of the Term of this Lease less one day; 40 (iii) provide that any assignee or further subtenant of Landlord or its designee, may, at Landlord's option, be permitted to make alterations and decorations in such space and that any or all of such alterations, decorations and installations may be removed by such assignee or subtenant, at its option, prior to or upon the expiration or other termination of such sublease, provided that such assignee or subtenant shall, at its expense, repair any damage caused by such removal; and (iv) provide that (A) the parties to such sublease expressly negate any intention that the sublease estate be merged with any other estate held by either of such parties, (B) any assignment or sublease by Landlord or its designee (as the subtenant) may be for any purpose or purposes that Landlord, in its sole discretion, shall deem appropriate, (C) Tenant shall, at its sole cost and expense, at all times provide and permit reasonably appropriate means of ingress to and egress from such space so sublet by Tenant to Landlord or its designee, (D) Landlord may, at Tenant's expense, make such alterations as may be required or deemed necessary by Landlord to physically separate the Leaseback Space from the balance of the Premises and to comply with any Requirements or insurance requirements relating to such separation, and (E) at the expiration of the term of such sublease, Tenant will accept the Leaseback Space in its then existing condition, subject to the obligations of the subtenant to make such repairs as may be necessary to preserve such premises in good order and condition. (b) Obligations Re: Leaseback Space. If Landlord exercises its option to sublet the Leaseback Space: (i) Performance by Landlord, or its designee, under a sublease of the Leaseback Space shall be deemed performance by Tenant of any similar obligation under this Lease and Tenant shall not be liable for any default under this Lease or deemed to be in default hereunder if such default is occasioned by or arises from any act or omission of the subtenant pursuant such sublease; or (ii) Tenant shall have no obligation, at the expiration or earlier termination of the Term, to remove any alteration, installation or improvement made in the Leaseback Space by Landlord (or Landlord's designee); and (iii) Any consent required of Tenant, as Landlord under the sublease, shall be deemed granted if consent with respect thereto is granted by Landlord under this Lease, and any failure of Landlord (or its designee) to comply with the provisions of the sublease other than with respect to the payment of Rent shall not constitute a default thereunder or hereunder if Landlord shall have consented to such non-compliance. 41 Section 15.5 Conditions to Assignment/Subletting. (a) If Landlord does not exercise any of Landlord's options provided under Sections 15.2 and 15.4, and provided that no Event of Default then exists, Landlord's consent to the proposed assignment or subletting shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Such consent shall be granted or denied, as the case may be, within 25 days after Landlord's receipt of the following (and such consent shall be deemed granted if Landlord fails to respond to a request for consent containing the required information and such failure to respond continues for more than 5 Business Days after receipt of a second notice to Landlord, which second notice may not be given prior to the 25th day after delivery by Tenant to Landlord of the initial notice requesting consent; any denial to be accompanied by a statement setting forth in reasonable detail the reasons for such denial) (i) a true and complete statement reasonably detailing the identity of the proposed assignee or subtenant, the nature of its business and its proposed use of the Premises, (ii) current financial information with respect to the proposed assignee or subtenant, including its most recent financial statements, and (iii) any other information Landlord may reasonably request, provided that: (A) in Landlord's reasonable judgment, the proposed assignee or subtenant is engaged in a business or activity, and the Premises will be used in a manner, which (1) is in keeping with the then standards of the Building, (2) limits the use of the Premises to general and executive offices, and (3) does not violate any restrictions set forth in this Lease, any Mortgage or Superior Lease or any negative covenant as to use of the Premises required by any other lease in the Building; (B) the proposed assignee or subtenant is a reputable Person or entity of good character with sufficient financial means to perform all of its obligations under this Lease or the sublease, as the case may be, and Landlord has been furnished with reasonable proof thereof, and Landlord or any Affiliate of Landlord is not litigating against or has been threatened with litigation by such proposed assignee of subtenant or its Affiliates within the prior 12 months; (C) if Landlord has, or reasonably expects to have within six months thereafter, comparable space available in the Building, neither the proposed assignee or subtenant nor any Affiliate of the proposed assignee or subtenant is then an occupant of the Building; (D) the proposed assignee or subtenant is not a Person or entity (or Affiliate of a Person or entity) with whom Landlord or Landlord's Agent is then, or has been within the prior six months, negotiating in connection with the rental of comparable space available in the Building; (E) there shall be not more than 2 occupants of the 23rd Floor Premises and not more than 2 occupants of the 24th Floor Premises; 42 (F) the aggregate consideration to be paid by the proposed subtenant under the terms of the proposed sublease shall not be less than 80% of the aggregate fixed rent and additional rent at which Landlord is then leasing other space in the Building (the "Market Rent"). determined as though the Premises were vacant and in their then "as is" condition. and taking into account (x) the length of the term of the proposed sublease, and (y) the location of the Premises in the Building; (G) Tenant shall, upon demand, reimburse Landlord for all expenses incurred by Landlord in connection with such assignment or sublease, including any investigations as to the acceptability of the proposed assignee or subtenant, reviewing any plans and specifications for Alterations proposed to be made in connection therewith, and all legal costs reasonably incurred in connection with the granting of any requested consent; (H) Tenant has not and shall not (A) publicize the availability of the Premises, or (B) list the Premises to be sublet or assigned with a broker, agent or other entity or otherwise offer the Premises, in both cases, for subletting at a rental rate of less than the Market Rent; (I) if the proposed subtenant or assignee is an entity organized under the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States or any state thereof, or is not a United States citizen, if an individual, such Person shall waive any immunity to which it may entitled, and shall be subject to the service of process in, and the jurisdiction of the courts of, the City and State of New York; and (J) in Landlord's reasonable judgment, the proposed assignee or subtenant shall not be of a type or character, or engaged in a business or activity, or owned or controlled by or identified with any entity, which may result in protests or civil disorders or commotions at, or other disruptions of the normal business activities in, the Building. (b) With respect to each and every subletting and/or assignment authorized by Landlord under the provisions of this Lease, it is further agreed that: (i) the form of the proposed assignment or sublease shall be reasonably satisfactory to Landlord and shall comply with the provisions of this Article; (ii) no sublease shall be for a term ending later than one day prior to the Expiration Date of this Lease; (iii) no sublease shall be delivered to any subtenant, and no subtenant shall take possession of any part of the Premises, until an executed counterpart of such 43 sublease has been delivered to Landlord and approved by Landlord as provided in Section 15.5(a); (iv) if an Event of Default shall occur at any time prior to the effective date of such assignment or subletting, then, until such Event of Default is no longer continuing, Landlord's consent thereto, if previously granted, shall be immediately deemed revoked without further notice to Tenant, and if such assignment or subletting would have been permitted without Landlord's consent pursuant to Section 15.9, such permission shall be void and without force and effect, and in either such case, any such assignment or subletting shall constitute a further Event of Default hereunder; and (v) each sublease shall be subject and subordinate to this Lease and to the matters to which this Lease is or shall be subordinate, it being the intention of Landlord and Tenant that Tenant shall assume and be liable to Landlord for any and all acts and omissions of all subtenants and anyone claiming under or through any subtenants which, if performed or omitted by Tenant, would be a default under this Lease; and Tenant and each subtenant shall be deemed to have agreed that upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default hereunder, Tenant has hereby assigned to Landlord, and Landlord may, at its option, accept such assignment of, all right, title and interest of Tenant as sublandlord under such sublease, together with all modifications, extensions and renewals thereof then in effect, and such subtenant shall, at Landlord's option and upon notice from Landlord, attorn to Landlord pursuant to the then executory provisions of this Lease other than the monetary terms of this Lease, which monetary terms shall be governed by the terms of such sublease, except that Landlord shall not be (A) liable for any previous act or omission of Tenant under such sublease, (B) subject to any counterclaim, offset or defense, which theretofore accrued to such subtenant against Tenant, (C) bound by any previous modification of such sublease not consented to by Landlord, or by any prepayment of more than one month's rent and additional rent under such sublease, (D) bound to return such subtenant's security deposit, if any, except to the extent that Landlord shall receive actual possession of such deposit and such subtenant shall be entitled to the return of all or any portion of such deposit under the terms of its sublease, or (E) obligated to make any payment to or on behalf of such subtenant, or to perform any work in the subleased space or the Building, or in any way to prepare the subleased space for occupancy, beyond Landlord's obligations under this Lease. The provisions of this Section 15.5(b)(v) shall be self-operative, and no further instrument shall be required to give effect to this provision, provided that the subtenant shall execute and deliver to Landlord any instruments Landlord may reasonably request to evidence and confirm such subordination and attornment. Section 15.6 Binding on Tenant; Indemnification of Landlord. Notwithstanding any assignment or subletting or any acceptance of Rent by Landlord from any assignee or 44 subtenant, Tenant shall remain fully liable for the payment of all Rent due and for the performance of all other terms, covenants and conditions contained in this Lease on Tenant's part to be observed and performed, and any default under any term, covenant or condition of this Lease by any subtenant or assignee or anyone claiming under or through any subtenant or assignee shall be deemed to be a default under this Lease by Tenant. Tenant shall indemnify, defend, protect and hold harmless Landlord from and against any and all Losses (as defined in Section 32.1(b)) resulting from any claims that may be made against Landlord by the proposed assignee or subtenant or anyone claiming under or through any subtenant or by any brokers or other Persons claiming a commission or similar compensation in connection with the proposed assignment or sublease, irrespective of whether Landlord shall give or decline to give its consent to any proposed assignment or sublease, or if Landlord shall exercise any of its options under this Article 15. Section 15.7 Tenant's Failure to Complete. If Landlord consents to a proposed assignment or sublease and Tenant fails to execute and deliver to Landlord such assignment or sublease within 90 days after the giving of such consent or the economic terms of such sublease in the aggregate are less than 95% of the value of the economic terms proposed to Landlord pursuant to Section 15.2, then Tenant shall again comply with all of the provisions and conditions of Sections 15.2, 15.4 and 15.5 hereof before assigning this Lease or subletting all or part of the Premises. Section 15.8 Profits. If Tenant shall enter into any assignment or sublease permitted hereunder or consented to by Landlord, Tenant shall, within 60 days of Landlord's consent to such assignment or sublease, deliver to Landlord a complete list of Tenant's reasonable third-party brokerage fees, legal fees and architectural fees, work allowances or costs of improvements performed by Tenant in connection with such assignment or sublease and reasonable rent concessions ("Tenant's Expenses") paid or to be paid in connection with such transaction, together with a list of all of Tenant's Property to be transferred to such assignee or sublessee. Tenant shall deliver to Landlord evidence of the payment of such fees promptly after the same are paid. In consideration of such assignment or subletting, Tenant shall pay to Landlord: (a) In the case of an assignment, on the effective date of the assignment, an amount equal to 50% of all sums and other consideration paid to Tenant by the assignee for or by reason of such assignment (including sums paid for the sale or rental of Tenant's Property, less, in the case of a sale thereof, the then fair market value thereof, as reasonably determined by Landlord) after first deducting Tenant's Expenses in connection with such transaction; or (b) In the case of a sublease, 50% of any consideration payable under the sublease to Tenant by the subtenant which exceeds on a per square foot basis the Fixed Rent and Additional Rent accruing during the term of the sublease in respect of the subleased space (together with any sums paid for the sale or rental of Tenant's Property, less, in the 45 case of the sale thereof, the then fair market value thereof, as reasonably determined by Landlord) after first deducting therefrom Tenant's Expenses in connection with such transaction (e.g., if (x) Tenant's Fixed Rent under this Lease is $100 per annum for the area subleased, (y) Tenant is receiving as fixed rent $110 per annum under the sublease in question and (z) Tenant has incurred Tenant Expenses of $30 in connection with the sublease, then Tenant would not owe Landlord any portion of its profit for the first 3 years of the sublease until Tenant had recouped the $30), and if such sublease is less than the entire Premises, the actual cost incurred by Tenant in separately demising the subleased space. The sums payable under this clause shall be paid by Tenant to Landlord as and when paid by the subtenant to Tenant. Section 15.9 (a) Transfers. If Tenant is a corporation, the transfer by one or more transfers, directly or indirectly, by operation of law or otherwise, of a majority of the stock of Tenant shall be deemed a voluntary assignment of this Lease; provided, however, that the provisions of this Article 15 shall not apply to the transfer of shares of stock of Tenant if and so long as Tenant is publicly traded on a nationally recognized stock exchange. For purposes of this Section 15.9 the term "transfers" shall be deemed to include the issuance of new stock or of treasury stock which results in a majority of the stock of Tenant being held by a Person or Persons that do not hold a majority of the stock of Tenant on the date hereof. If Tenant is a partnership, the transfer by one or more transfers, directly or indirectly, by operation of law or otherwise, of a majority interest in the partnership or otherwise in violation of the provision of Section 29.2 shall be deemed a voluntary assignment of this Lease. If Tenant is a limited liability company, trust, or any other legal entity (including a corporation or a partnership), the transfer by one or more transfers, directly or indirectly, of Control of such entity, however characterized, shall be deemed a voluntary assignment of this Lease. The provisions of Section 15.1 shall not apply to transactions with an entity into or with which Tenant is merged or consolidated or to which substantially all of Tenant's assets are transferred so long as (i) such transfer was made for a legitimate independent business purpose and not for the purpose of transferring this Lease, (ii) the successor to Tenant has a net worth computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles at least equal to the net worth of the original Tenant on the date of this Lease, and (iii) proof satisfactory to Landlord of such net worth is delivered to Landlord at least 10 days after the effective date of any such transaction. Tenant may also, upon prior notice to and without the consent of Landlord, permit any Person which Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with the original Tenant named herein (a "Related Entity") to sublet all or part of the Premises for any Permitted Use for so long as such Person remains a Related Entity, provided the Related Entity is in Landlord's reasonable judgment of a character and engaged in a business which is in keeping with the standards for the Building and the occupancy thereof. Such sublease shall not be deemed to vest in any such Related Entity any right or interest in this Lease or the Premises nor shall it relieve, release, impair or discharge any of Tenant's obligations hereunder. The provisions of Sections 15.1, 15.2, 15.5(a) and 15.8 shall not apply to any such sublease. 46 (b) Applicability. The limitations set forth in this Section 15.9 shall apply to subtenant(s), assignee(s) and guarantor(s) of this Lease, if any, and any transfer by any such entity in violation of this Section 15.9 shall be a transfer in violation of Section 15.1. (c) Modifications, Takeover Agreements. Any modification, amendment or extension of a sublease and/or any other agreement by which a landlord (or its affiliate) of a building other than the Building agrees to assume or perform the obligations of Tenant under this Lease shall be deemed a sublease for the purposes of Section 15.1, hereof. Section 15.10 Assumption of Obligations. Any assignment or transfer, whether made with Landlord's consent or without Landlord's consent, if and to the extent permitted hereunder, shall not be effective unless and until the assignee executes, acknowledges and delivers to Landlord (a) an agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Landlord whereby the assignee (i) assumes Tenant's obligations under this Lease and (ii) agrees that. notwithstanding such assignment or transfer, the provisions of Section 15.1 hereof shall be binding upon it in respect of all future assignments and transfers and (b) certificates or policies of insurance as required under Article 12. Section 15.11 Tenant's Liability. The joint and several liability of Tenant and any successors-in-interest of Tenant and the due performance of Tenant's obligations under this Lease shall not be discharged, released or impaired by any agreement or stipulation made by Landlord, or any grantee or assignee of Landlord, extending the time, or modifying any of the terms and provisions of this Lease, or by any waiver or failure of Landlord, or any grantee or assignee of Landlord, to enforce any of the terms and provisions of this Lease. Section 15.12 Listings in Building Directory. The listing of any name other than that of Tenant on the doors of the Premises, the Building directory or elsewhere shall not vest any right or interest in this Lease or in the Premises, nor be deemed to constitute Landlord's consent to any assignment or transfer of this Lease or to any sublease of the Premises or to the use or occupancy thereof by others. Any such listing shall constitute a privilege revocable in Landlord's discretion by notice to Tenant. Section 15.13 Lease Disaffirmance or Rejection. If at any time after an assignment by Tenant named herein, this Lease is not affirmed or rejected in any proceeding of the types described in Sections 18.1(f) and (g) hereof or any similar proceeding, or upon a termination of this Lease due to any such proceeding, Tenant named herein, upon request of Landlord given within 30 days after such disaffirmance, rejection or termination (and actual notice thereof to Landlord in the event of a disaffirmance or rejection or in the event of termination other than by act of Landlord), shall (a) pay to Landlord all Rent and other charges due and owing by the assignee to Landlord under this Lease to and including the date of such disaffirmance, rejection or termination, and (b) as "tenant," enter into a new lease of the Premises with Landlord for a term commencing on the effective date of such disaffirmance, rejection or termination and ending on the Expiration Date, unless sooner terminated in 47 accordance therewith, at the same Rent and upon the then executory terms, covenants and conditions contained in this Lease, except that (i) the rights of Tenant named herein under the new lease shall be subject to the possessory rights of any Persons claiming through or under such assignee or by virtue of any statute or of any order of any court, (ii) such new lease shall require all defaults existing under this Lease to be cured by Tenant named herein with due diligence, and (iii) such new lease shall require Tenant named herein to pay all Rent which, had this Lease not been so disaffirmed, rejected or terminated, would have become due under the provisions of this Lease after the date of such disaffirmance, rejection or termination with respect to any period prior thereto. If Tenant named herein defaults in its obligations to enter into such new lease for a period of 10 days after Landlord's request, then, in addition to all other rights and remedies by reason of default, either at law or in equity, Landlord shall have the same rights and remedies against Tenant named herein as if it had entered into such new lease and such new lease had thereafter been terminated as of the commencement date thereof by reason of Tenants default there under. Section 15.14 Permitted Users. (a) Tenant has advised Landlord that Barrow Street Capital LLC ("Barrow") and one or more other Persons, who are clients of Tenant or with whom Tenant has a substantial continuing business relationship (each a "Permitted User") may from time to time be using space in the Premises. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article 15 each Permitted User shall be allowed such use, without Landlord's consent, but upon prior notice to Landlord, upon the following conditions: (i) Landlord or Tishman Speyer Properties L.P. or its successor shall not be litigating against such proposed Permitted User within the prior 12 months, (ii) the Permitted User shall not be entitled, directly or indirectly, to diplomatic or sovereign immunity and shall be subject to service of process in, and the jurisdiction of the court of, the State of New York, (iii) the total number of Permitted Users using desk space pursuant to this Section 15.14 shall not exceed 5 at any one time, (iv) the aggregate number of rentable square feet used by all Permitted Users (which term shall exclude Barrow for the purposes of this clause as long as (x) Tenant retains at least the same ownership interest in Barrow as Tenant has on the date hereof and (y) all Permitted Users at no time occupy more than 7,000 rentable square feet) at anyone time shall not exceed 5,000 rentable square feet, and (v) Tenant shall receive no rent, payment or other consideration in connection with such occupancy in respect of such space other than nominal rent payments (in no event greater per rentable square foot than the Fixed Rent, Tenant's Operating Payment and Tenant's Tax Payment payable hereunder per rentable square foot) or other consideration for actual services rendered or provided by or for such occupant. (b) With respect to each and every Permitted User, the following shall apply: (i) each Permitted User shall have no privity of contract with Landlord and therefore shall have no rights under this Lease, and Landlord shall have no liability or obligation to the Permitted User under this Lease for any reason whatsoever in connection with such use or occupancy, which use and occupancy shall be subject and subordinate to this Lease (including, without limitation, Article 10), (ii) each Permitted User shall use the Premises in 48 conformity with all applicable provisions of this Lease, including Article 3, and (iii) Tenant shall be liable for the acts of such Permitted User in the Premises. ARTICLE 16 ELECTRICITY Section 16.1 Electricity. Landlord shall redistribute or furnish electricity to or for the use of Tenant in the Premises for the operation of Tenant's electrical systems and equipment in the Premises, at a level sufficient to accommodate a demand load of six watts of electricity per useable square foot of office space in the Premises (exclusive of electricity required to operate the base-Building HVAC System). Subject to the last sentence of this Section, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, on demand from time to time, but not more than monthly, for its consumption of electricity at the Premises, as Additional Rent for such service from and after the Commencement Date, a sum equal to 110% of the product obtained by multiplying (x) the Cost Per Kilowatt Hour, by (y) the actual number of kilowatt hours of electric current consumed by Tenant in such billing period. Landlord shall install a meter or meters, at Tenant's expense, to measure Tenant's consumption of electricity in the Premises, which meters shall be maintained by Landlord at Tenant's expense. Where more than one meter measures Tenant's consumption of electricity in the Premises, the electricity measured by each meter shall be computed and billed separately in accordance with the provisions set forth above. Bills for such amounts shall be rendered to Tenant at such times as Landlord may elect. The rate to be paid by Tenant for sub metered electricity shall include any taxes or other charges in connection therewith. If any tax is imposed upon Landlord's receipts from the sale or resale of electricity to Tenant, Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for such tax, if and to the extent permitted by law. For any period during which such meter or meters are not installed or are not operational in the Premises, the monthly Fixed Rent shall be increased by an amount equal to the product of (A) $.2083, subject to adjustment for any increases in electric rates or taxes, and (B) the number of rentable square feet in the Premises. If no such meter or meters are installed in the Premises on the Commencement Date, Landlord shall diligently proceed to install same. Section 16.2 Excess Electricity. Tenant shall at all times comply with the rules and regulations of the utility company supplying electricity to the Building. Subject to Tenant's right to use the electric capacity set forth in Section 16.1, Tenant shall not use any electrical equipment which, in Landlord's judgment, would exceed the capacity of the electrical equipment serving the Premises or interfere with the electrical service to other tenants of the Building. If Tenant provides Landlord with evidence reasonably satisfactory to Landlord of Tenant's need for excess electricity at a level sufficient to accommodate a demand load of up to eight watts of electricity per useable square foot of office space in the Premises (exclusive of electricity required to operate the Base Building HVAC System), Landlord shall make such additional electric capacity available to Tenant. Any costs incurred by Landlord in 49 connection therewith, including the cost of any additional risers, feeders or other electrical distribution equipment, shall be paid by Tenant within 10 days after the rendition of a bill therefor. If Tenant fails to utilize such excess electric capacity for one year or more, Landlord shall have the right at any time to reduce the electric capacity available to Tenant to the maximum electric capacity previously and ordinarily used by Tenant but in no event to less than the electric capacity set forth in the first sentence of Section 16.1. Tenant shall not make or perform, or permit the making or performance of, any Alterations to wiring installations or other electrical facilities in or serving the Premises or make any additions to the office equipment or other appliances in the Premises which utilize electrical energy (other than ordinary small office equipment) without the prior consent of Landlord, in each instance, and in compliance with this Lease. Section 16.3 Service Disruption. Landlord shall not be liable in any way to Tenant for any failure, defect or interruption of, or change in the supply, character and/or quantity of electric service furnished to the Premises for any reason except if attributable to the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord, nor shall there be any allowance to Tenant for a diminution of rental value other than as expressly provided in Section 11.9, nor shall the same constitute an actual or constructive eviction of Tenant, in whole or in part, or relieve Tenant from any of its Lease obligations, and no liability shall arise on the part of Landlord by reason of inconvenience, annoyance or injury to business whether electricity is provided by public or private utility or by any electricity generation system owned and operated by Landlord. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises as a result of any such failure, defect or interruption of, or change in the supply, character and/or quantity of, electric service, provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. Section 16.4 Discontinuance of Service. Landlord reserves the right to discontinue furnishing electricity to Tenant in the Premises on not less than 30 days notice to Tenant, if Landlord discontinues furnishing electricity to tenants (including Tenant) leasing an aggregate of at least 50% of the rentable area of the Building, or is required to do so under applicable Requirements. If Landlord exercises such right, or is compelled to discontinue furnishing electricity to Tenant, this Lease shall continue in full force and effect and shall be unaffected thereby, except that from and after the effective date of such discontinuance, Landlord shall not be obligated to furnish electricity to Tenant hereunder. If Landlord so discontinues furnishing electricity, Tenant shall arrange to obtain electricity directly from any utility company or other electricity provider serving the Premises. Such electricity may be furnished to Tenant by means of the existing electrical facilities serving the Premises, at no charge by Landlord, to the extent available, suitable and safe for such purposes. All other equipment which may be required to obtain electricity of substantially the same quantity, quality and character shall be installed by Landlord at the sole cost and expense of (a) Landlord, if Landlord voluntarily discontinues such service, or (b) Tenant, if (i) Landlord is compelled to discontinue such service by the public utility or pursuant to applicable 50 Requirements or (ii) if such discontinuance arises out of the acts of omissions of Tenant. Landlord shall not voluntarily discontinue furnishing electricity to Tenant until Tenant is able to receive electricity directly from the utility company or other company servicing the Building, unless the utility company or other company is not prepared to furnish electricity to the Premises on the date required as a result of Tenant's delay or negligence in arranging for service or Tenant's refusal to provide the utility company or other company with a deposit or other security requested by the utility company or other company or Tenant's refusal to take any other action requested by the utility company or other company. ARTICLE 17 ACCESS TO PREMISES Section 17.1 Landlord's Access. (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 17.1(b), Tenant shall permit Landlord, Landlord's agents, utility companies and other service providers servicing the Building to erect, use and maintain ducts, pipes and conduits in and through the Premises provided such use does not cause the usable area of the Premises to be reduced beyond an immaterial amount. Landlord shall promptly repair any damage to the Premises or Tenant's Property caused by any work performed pursuant to this Article. Any pipes, ducts, or conduits installed in or through the Premises pursuant to this Section 17.1 shall either be concealed behind, beneath or within then existing partitioning, columns, ceilings or floors located in the Premises, or completely furred at points immediately adjacent to existing partitioning columns or ceilings located in the Premises. (b) Landlord, any Lessor or Mortgagee and any other party designated by Landlord and their respective agents shall have the right to enter the Premises at all reasonable times, upon reasonable notice (which notice may be oral) except in the case of emergency, (i) to examine the Premises, (ii) to show the Premises to prospective purchasers, Mortgagees or Lessors of the Building and their respective agents and representatives or others, and during the last 24 months of the Term to prospective lessees of premises in the Building and (iii) to make such repairs, alterations or additions to the Premises or the Building (A) as Landlord may deem necessary or appropriate, including the right to modify or change the facade of and the windows in the Building and to install solar film on the windows, (B) which Landlord may elect to perform following Tenant's failure to perform, or (C) to comply with any Requirements, and Landlord shall be allowed to take all material into the Premises that may be required for the performance of such work without the same constituting an actual or constructive eviction of Tenant in whole or in part and without any abatement of Rent, except as expressly provided in Section 11.9. (c) All parts (except surfaces facing the interior of the Premises) of all walls, windows and doors bounding the Premises, including exterior Building walls, exterior core corridor walls, and doors and entrances (other than doors and entrances solely connecting 51 areas within the Premises), all balconies, terraces ("Terraces") and roofs adjacent to the Premises, all space in or adjacent to the Premises used for shafts, stacks, risers, fan rooms, electrical and communication closets, stairways, mail chutes, conduits and other mechanical facilities, Building Systems and Building facilities are not part of the Premises, and Landlord shall have the use thereof and access thereto through the Premises for the purposes of Building operation, maintenance, alteration and repair. (d) If Tenant requests that Landlord landscape any Terrace, Landlord shall determine whether to do so in Landlord's sole discretion. If Landlord determines to do so, Landlord shall submit to Tenant drawings related thereto (including any alterations or additions to the Building required thereby) for its approval. If Tenant approves of such drawings, Landlord shall proceed to do all the work shown on such drawings (including such alterations and additions) (the "Terrace Work"). Tenant shall reimburse Landlord, within 15 days after demand therefor, for the cost of preparing such drawings, performing the Terrace Work (plus an administrative charge equal to 10% of such cost), and the cost to Landlord of maintaining the Terrace Work during the Term. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to vest in Tenant any easement, license or privilege with respect to any use of the Terraces or grant Tenant any right to use or go upon the Terraces. Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for any damage caused to the Terraces or other parts of the Building as a result of the Terrace Work and the maintenance thereof other than damage arising from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord. Section 17.2 Final 12 Months. If, during the last 12 months of the Term, Tenant removes all or substantially all of Tenant's Property from the Premises, Landlord may, upon prior notice (which notice may be oral) and at reasonable hours, renovate and/or redecorate the Premises, without abatement of any Rent or incurring any liability to Tenant. Such acts shall not be deemed an actual or constructive eviction and shall have no effect upon this Lease. Section 17.3 Alterations to Building. Landlord has the right at any time to (a) change the name, number or designation by which the Building is commonly known, or (b) alter the Building to change the arrangement or location of entrances or passageways, concourses, plazas, doors and doorways, and corridors, elevators, stairs, toilets, or other public parts of the Building without any such acts constituting an actual or constructive eviction and without incurring any liability to Tenant, so long as such changes do not deny Tenant access to the Premises and are in conformance with standards applicable to first-class renovated office building in midtown Manhattan. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises during the making of such changes or alterations, provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. 52 ARTICLE 18 DEFAULT Section 18.1 Tenant's Defaults. Each of the following events shall be an "Event of Default" hereunder: (a) Tenant fails to pay when due any installment of Fixed Rent or Additional Rent and such default continues for five Business Days after notice of such default is given to Tenant, except that if Landlord shall have given two such notices of default in the payment of any Rent in any twelve month period, Tenant shall not be entitled to any further notice of delinquency in the payment of any Rent or an extended period in which to make payment until such time as twelve consecutive months shall have elapsed without Tenant having failed to make any such payment when due, and the occurrence of any default in the payment of any Rent within such twelve month period after the giving of two such notices shall constitute an Event of Default; or (b) Tenant defaults in the observance or performance of any other term, covenant or condition of this Lease to be observed or performed by Tenant and such default continues for more than 10 days after notice by Landlord to Tenant of such default; or if such default is of such a nature that it can be remedied but cannot be completely remedied within 10 days, Tenant fails to commence to remedy such default within 10 days after such notice or, with respect to any such default, Tenant, having commenced such remedy within 10 days after such notice, fails to diligently prosecute to completion all steps necessary to remedy such default or Tenant fails to complete such remedy within 90 days; or (c) Tenant defaults in the observance or performance of any term, covenant or condition on Tenant's part to be observed or performed under any other lease with Landlord or Landlord's predecessor-in-interest for space in the Building and such default shall continue beyond any grace period set forth in such other lease for the remedying of such default; or (d) Tenant's interest in this Lease shall devolve upon or pass to any Person, whether by operation of law or otherwise, except as expressly permitted under Article 15 hereof; or (e) Tenant generally does not, or is unable to, or admits in writing its inability to, pay its debts as they become due; or (f) Tenant files a voluntary petition in bankruptcy or insolvency, or is adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or files any petition or answer seeking any reorganization, liquidation, dissolution or similar relief under any present or future federal bankruptcy act or any other present or future applicable federal, state or other statute or law, 53 or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors or seeks or consents to or acquiesces in the appointment of any trustee, receiver, liquidator or other similar official for Tenant or for all or any part of Tenant's property; or (g) if, within 60 days after the commencement of any proceeding against Tenant, whether by the filing of a petition or otherwise, seeking bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation, dissolution or similar relief under the present or any future federal bankruptcy act or any other present or future applicable federal, state or other statute or law, such proceeding shall not have been dismissed, or if, within 60 days after the appointment of any trustee, receiver, liquidator or other similar official for Tenant or for all or any part of Tenant's property, without the consent or acquiescence of Tenant, such appointment shall not have been vacated or otherwise discharged, or if any lien, execution or attachment or other similar filing shall be made or issued against Tenant or any of Tenant's property pursuant to which the Premises shall be taken or occupied or attempted to be taken or occupied by someone other than Tenant; or (h) if Landlord applies or retains any part of the Security Deposit, and Tenant fails to deposit with Landlord the amount so applied or retained by Landlord, or to provide Landlord with a replacement Letter of Credit (as defined in Section 35.2), if applicable, within 5 Business Days after notice by Landlord to Tenant stating the amount applied or retained. Upon the occurrence of anyone or more of such Events of Default, Landlord may, at its sole option, give to Tenant three days' notice of cancellation of this Lease, in which event this Lease and the Term shall come to an end and expire (whether or not the Term shall have commenced) upon the expiration of such three day period with the same force and effect as if the date set forth in the notice was the Expiration Date stated herein; and Tenant shall then quit and surrender the Premises to Landlord, but Tenant shall remain liable for damages as provided in Article 19 hereof. Section 18.2 Tenant's Liability. If, at any time, (a) Tenant shall be comprised of two or more persons, (b) Tenant's obligations under this Lease shall have been guaranteed by any person other than Tenant, or (c) Tenant's interest in this Lease shall have been assigned, the word "Tenant," as used in Section 18.1 (e), (f) and (g), shall be deemed to mean any one or more of the Persons primarily or secondarily liable for Tenant's obligations under this Lease. Any monies received by Landlord from or on behalf of Tenant during the pendency of any proceeding of the types referred to in this Article shall be deemed paid as compensation for the use and occupancy of the Premises and the acceptance of any such compensation by Landlord shall not be deemed an acceptance of Rent or a waiver on the part of Landlord of any rights under this Lease. 54 ARTICLE 19 REMEDIES AND DAMAGES Section 19.1 (a) Landlord's Remedies. If any Event of Default occurs, and this Lease and the Term terminates as provided in Article 18: (i) Surrender of Possession. Tenant shall quit and surrender the Premises to Landlord, and Landlord and its agents may immediately, or at any time after such Event of Default, re-enter the Premises or any part thereof, without notice, either by summary proceedings, or by any other applicable action or proceeding, or by force (to the extent permitted by law) or otherwise in accordance with applicable legal proceedings (without being liable to indictment, prosecution or damages therefor), and may repossess the Premises and dispossess Tenant and any other Persons from the Premises and remove any and all of their property and effects from the Premises. (ii) Landlord's Relating. Landlord, at Landlord's option, may relet all or any part of the Premises from time to time, either in the name of Landlord or otherwise, to such tenant or tenants, for any term ending before, on or after the Expiration Date, at such rental and upon such other conditions (which may include concessions and free rent periods) as Landlord, in its sole discretion, may determine. Landlord shall have no obligation to and shall not be liable for refusal or failure to relet or, in the event of any such reletting, for refusal or failure to collect any rent due upon any such reletting; and no such refusal or failure shall relieve Tenant of, or otherwise affect, any liability under this Lease. Landlord, at Landlord's option, may make such alterations, decorations and other physical changes in and to the Premises as Landlord, in its sole discretion, considers advisable or necessary in connection with such reletting or proposed reletting, without relieving Tenant of any liability under this Lease or otherwise affecting any such liability. (b) Tenant's Waiver. Tenant, on its own behalf and on behalf of all persons claiming through or under Tenant, including all creditors, hereby waives all rights which Tenant and all such Persons might otherwise have under any Requirement (i) to the service of any notice of intention to re- enter or to institute legal proceedings, (ii) to redeem, or to re-enter or repossess the Premises, or (iii) to restore the operation of this Lease, after (A) Tenant shall have been dispossessed or ejected by judgment or by warrant of any court or judge, (B) any re-entry by Landlord, or (C) any expiration or early termination of the term of this Lease, whether such dispossession, re-entry, expiration or termination shall be by operation of law or pursuant to the provisions of this Lease. The words "re- enter," "re-entry" and "re-entered" as used in this Lease shall not be deemed to be restricted to their technical legal meanings. (c) Other Remedies. Upon the breach or threatened breach by Tenant, or any persons claiming through or under Tenant, of any term, covenant or condition of this Lease, 55 Landlord shall have the right to enjoin such breach and to invoke any other remedy allowed by law or in equity as if re-entry, summary proceedings and other special remedies were not provided in this Lease for such breach. The rights to invoke the remedies set forth above are cumulative and shall not preclude Landlord from invoking any other remedy allowed at law or in equity. Section 19.2 (a) Landlord's Damages. If this Lease and the Term expire and come to an end as provided in Article 18, or by or under any summary proceeding or any other action or proceeding, or if Landlord shall re-enter the Premises as provided in Section 19.1, then, in any of such events: (i) Tenant shall pay to Landlord all Rent payable under this Lease by Tenant to Landlord up to the Expiration Date or to the date of re-entry upon the Premises by Landlord, as the case may be; (ii) Landlord shall be entitled to retain all monies, if any, paid by Tenant to Landlord, whether as prepaid Rent, the Security Deposit or otherwise, and to draw upon any Letter of Credit or other security deposited by Tenant hereunder and retain the proceeds thereof, which monies, to the extent not otherwise applied to amounts due and owing to Landlord, shall be credited by Landlord against any damages payable by Tenant to Landlord; (iii) Tenant shall pay to Landlord, in monthly installments, on the days specified in this Lease for payment of installments of Fixed Rent, any Deficiency; it being understood that Landlord shall be entitled to recover the Deficiency from Tenant each month as the same shall arise, and no suit to collect the amount of the Deficiency for any month, shall prejudice Landlord's right to collect the Deficiency for any subsequent month by a similar proceeding; and (iv) whether or not Landlord shall have collected any monthly +Deficiency, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, on demand, in lieu of any further Deficiency and as liquidated and agreed final damages, a sum equal to the amount by which the Rent for the period which otherwise would have constituted the unexpired portion of the Term (assuming Additional Rent during such period to be the same as had been payable for the year immediately preceding such termination or re-entry, increased in each succeeding year by 4% (on a compounded basis)) exceeds the then fair and reasonable rental value of the Premises, for the same period (with both amounts being discounted to present value at a rate of interest equal to 2% below the then Base Rate) less the aggregate amount of Deficiencies theretofore collected by Landlord pursuant to the provisions of Section 19.2(a)(iii) for the same period. If, before presentation of proof of such liquidated damages to any court, commission or tribunal, the Premises, or any part thereof, shall have been relet by Landlord for the period which otherwise would have constituted the unexpired portion of the Term, or 56 any part thereof, the amount of rent reserved upon such reletting shall be deemed, prima facie, to be the fair and reasonable rental value for the part or the whole of the Premises so relet during the term of the reletting. (b) Reletting. If the Premises, or any part thereof, shall be relet together with other space in the Building, the rents collected or reserved under any such reletting and the expenses of any such reletting shall be equitably apportioned for the purposes of this Section 19.2. Tenant shall not be entitled to any rents collected or payable under any reletting, whether or not such rents exceed the Fixed Rent reserved in this Lease. Nothing contained in Articles 18 or 19 shall be deemed to limit or preclude the recovery by Landlord from Tenant of the maximum amount allowed to be obtained as damages under applicable Requirements, or of any sums or damages to which Landlord may be entitled in addition to the damages set forth in this Section 19.2. Section 19.3 Default Interest: Other Rights of Landlord. Any damages payable under this Lease and not paid when due shall bear interest at the Interest Rate from the due date until paid, and the interest shall be deemed Additional Rent. If Tenant fails to pay any Additional Rent when due, Landlord, in addition to any other right or remedy, shall have the same rights and remedies as in the case of a default by Tenant in the payment of Fixed Rent. If Tenant is in arrears in the payment of Rent, Tenant waives Tenant's right, if any, to designate the items against which any payments made by Tenant are to be credited, and Landlord may apply any payments made by Tenant to any items Landlord sees fit, regardless of any request by Tenant. Landlord reserves the right, without liability to Tenant and without constituting any claim of constructive eviction, to suspend furnishing or rendering to Tenant any overtime Building services or labor, materials or other property or services for which Tenant is obligated to pay a separate charge under this Lease (excluding electricity and water), in the event that (but only for so long as) Tenant is in arrears in paying Landlord for such items for more than five (5) days after notice from Landlord to Tenant demanding the payment of such arrears. ARTICLE 20 LANDLORD'S RIGHT TO CURE; FEES AND EXPENSES If Tenant defaults in the performance of its obligations under this Lease, Landlord, without thereby waiving such default, may perform such obligation for the account and at the expense of Tenant: (a) immediately or at any time thereafter, and without notice, in the case of emergency or in the case the default (i) materially interferes with the use by any other tenant of any space in the Building, (ii) materially interferes with the efficient operation of the Building, (iii) will result in a violation of any Requirement, (iv) win result in a cancellation of any insurance policy maintained by Landlord, or (v) will result in a breach of or default under any Superior Lease or Mortgage, and (b) in any other case if such default 57 continues after 10 days from the date Landlord gives notice of Landlord's intention so to perform the defaulted obligation. All costs and expenses incurred by Landlord in connection with any such performance by it for the account of Tenant and all costs and expenses, including reasonable counsel fees and disbursements, incurred by Landlord in any action or proceeding (including any summary dispossess proceeding) brought by Landlord to enforce any obligation of Tenant under this Lease and/or right of Landlord in or to the Premises, shall be paid by Tenant to Landlord on demand, with interest thereon at the Interest Rate from the date incurred by Landlord. Except as expressly provided to the contrary in this Lease, all costs and expenses which, pursuant to this Lease (including the Rules and Regulations) are incurred by Landlord and payable to Landlord by Tenant, and all charges, amounts and sums payable to Landlord by Tenant for any property, material, labor, utility or other services which, pursuant to this Lease or at the request and for the account of Tenant, are provided, furnished or rendered by Landlord, shall become due and payable by Tenant to Landlord in accordance with the terms of the bills rendered by Landlord to Tenant. ARTICLE 21 NO REPRESENTATIONS BY LANDLORD: LANDLORD'S APPROVAL Section 21.1 No Representations. Except as expressly set forth herein, Landlord and Landlord's agents have made no warranties, representations, statements or promises with respect to (i) the rentable and usable areas of the Premises or the Building, (ii) the amount of any current or future Operating Expenses or Taxes, (iii) the compliance with applicable Requirements of the Premises or the Building, or (iv) the suitability of the Premises for any particular use or purpose. No rights, easements or licenses are acquired by Tenant under this Lease by implication or otherwise. Tenant is entering into this Lease after full investigation and is not relying upon any statement or representation made by Landlord not embodied in this Lease. Section 21.2 Consents: Approvals. All consents or approvals of Landlord may be granted or withheld in Landlord's sole discretion unless specifically provided to the contrary in this Lease. Section 21.3 No Money Damages. Wherever in this Lease Landlord's consent or approval is required, if Landlord refuses to grant such consent or approval, whether or not Landlord expressly agreed that such consent or approval would not be unreasonably withheld, Tenant shall not make, and Tenant hereby waives, any claim for money damages (including any claim by way of set-off, counterclaim or defense) based upon Tenant's claim or assertion that Landlord unreasonably withheld or delayed its consent or approval. Tenant's sole remedy shall be an action or proceeding to enforce such provision, by specific performance, injunction or declaratory judgment. In no event shall Landlord be liable for, and Tenant, on behalf of itself and all other Tenant Parties, hereby waives any claim for, any 58 indirect, consequential or punitive damages, including loss of profits or business opportunity, arising under or in connection with this Lease, even if due to the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord of its agents or employees. ARTICLE 22 END OF TERM Section 22.1 Expiration. Upon the expiration or other termination of this Lease, Tenant shall quit and surrender the Premises to Landlord, vacant, broom clean and in good order and condition, ordinary wear and tear and damage for which Tenant is not responsible under the terms of this Lease excepted, and Tenant shall remove all of Tenant's Property and Tenant's Specialty Alterations as may be required pursuant to Article 5 of this Lease. The foregoing obligation shall survive the expiration or sooner termination of the Term. If the last day of the Term or any renewal thereof falls on Saturday or Sunday, this Lease shall expire on the immediately preceding Business Day. Section 22.2 Holdover Rent. Landlord and Tenant recognize that the damage to Landlord resulting from any failure by Tenant to timely surrender possession of the Premises may be substantial, may exceed the amount of the Rent theretofore payable hereunder, and will be impossible to accurately measure. Tenant therefore agrees that if possession of the Premises is not surrendered to Landlord on or before the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term, in addition to any other rights or remedies Landlord may have hereunder or at law, Tenant shall (a) pay to Landlord for each month (or any portion thereof) during which Tenant holds over in the Premises after the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term, a sum equal to the greater of (i) one and one-half times the Fixed Rent plus one and one-half times Tenant's Tax Payment plus one and one-half times Tenant's Operating Payment payable under this Lease for the last full calendar month of the Term in the case of the first month (or any portion thereof) of any holdover and two times the Fixed Rent plus two times Tenant's Tax Payment plus two times Tenant's Operating Payment payable under this Lease for the last full calendar month of the Term in the case of each month (or any portion thereof) thereafter or (ii) one and one-half times the fair market rental value of the Premises for such month (as reasonably determined by Landlord), (b) if Tenant holds over past 30 days after the Expiration Date or earlier termination of this Lease, be liable to Landlord for (i) any payment or rent concession which Landlord may be required to make to any tenant obtained by Landlord for all or any part of the Premises (a "New Tenant") in order to induce such New Tenant not to terminate its lease by reason of the holding-over by Tenant, and (ii) the loss of the benefit of the bargain if any New Tenant shall terminate its lease by reason of the holding-over by Tenant, and (c) if Tenant holds over past 30 days after the Expiration Date or earlier termination of this Lease, indemnify Landlord against all claims for damages by any New Tenant. No holding-over by Tenant, nor the payment to Landlord of the amounts specified above, shall operate to extend the Term 59 hereof. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to permit Tenant to retain possession of the Premises after the Expiration Date or sooner termination of this Lease, and no acceptance by Landlord of payments from Tenant after the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term shall be deemed to be other than on account of the amount to be paid by Tenant in accordance with the provisions of this Article 22. All of Tenant's obligations under this Article shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of the Term of this Lease. Section 22.3 Waiver of Stay. Tenant expressly waives, for itself and for any Person claiming through or under Tenant, any rights which Tenant or any such Person may have under the provisions of Section 2201 of the New York Civil Practice Law and Rules and of any successor law of like import then in force, in connection with any holdover summary proceedings which Landlord may institute to enforce the foregoing provisions of this Article 22. ARTICLE 23 QUIET ENJOYMENT Provided this Lease is in full force and effect and no Event of Default then exists, Tenant may peaceably and quietly enjoy the Premises without hindrance by Landlord or any person lawfully claiming through or under Landlord, subject to the terms and conditions of this Lease and to all Superior Leases and Mortgages. ARTICLE 24 NO SURRENDER; NO WAIVER Section 24.1 No Surrender or Release. No act or thing done by Landlord or Landlord's agents or employees during the Term shall be deemed an acceptance of a surrender of the Premises, and no provision of this Lease shall be deemed to have been waived by Landlord, unless such waiver is in writing and is signed by Landlord, and any such waiver shall be effective only for the specific purpose and in the specific instance in which given. If Tenant at any time desires to have Landlord sublet the Premises for Tenant's account, Landlord or Landlord's agents are authorized to receive Tenant's keys to the Premises for such purpose without releasing Tenant from any of the obligations under this Lease, and Tenant hereby relieves Landlord of any liability for loss of or damage to any of Tenant's effects in connection with such subletting. Section 24.2 No Waiver. The failure of either party to seek redress for violation of, or to insist upon the strict performance of, any covenant or condition of this Lease, or any of the Rules and Regulations, shall not be construed as a waiver or relinquishment of the future 60 performance of such obligations of this Lease or the Rules and Regulations, or of the right to exercise such election but the same shall continue and remain in full force and effect with respect to any subsequent breach, act or omission. The receipt by Landlord of any Rent payable pursuant to this Lease or any other sums with knowledge of the breach of any covenant of this Lease shall not be deemed a waiver of such breach. No payment by Tenant or receipt by Landlord of a lesser amount than the monthly Fixed Rent or Additional Rent herein stipulated shall be deemed to be other than a payment on account of the earliest stipulated Fixed Rent or Additional Rent, or as Landlord may elect to apply such payment, nor shall any endorsement or acceptance of any check or other payment in the face of a statement on such check or any letter accompanying such check or payment be deemed an accord and satisfaction, and Landlord may accept such check or payment without prejudice to Landlord's right to recover the balance of such Fixed Rent or Additional Rent or pursue any other remedy provided in this Lease. The existence of a right of renewal or extension of this Lease, or the exercise of such right, shall not limit Landlord's right to terminate this Lease in accordance with the terms hereof. ARTICLE 25 WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY LANDLORD AND TENANT HEREBY WAIVE TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM BROUGHT BY EITHER PARTY AGAINST THE OTHER ON ANY MATTERS IN ANY WAY ARISING OUT OF OR CONNECTED WITH THIS LEASE, THE RELATIONSHIP OF LANDLORD AND TENANT, TENANT'S USE OR OCCUPANCY OF THE PREMISES, OR THE ENFORCEMENT OF ANY REMEDY UNDER ANY REQUIREMENT. If Landlord commences any summary proceeding against Tenant, Tenant will not interpose any counterclaim of any nature or description in any such proceeding (unless failure to impose such counterclaim would preclude Tenant from asserting in a separate action the claim which is the subject of such counterclaim), and will not seek to consolidate such proceeding with any other action which may have been or will be brought in any other court by Tenant. ARTICLE 26 INABILITY TO PERFORM This Lease and the obligation of Tenant to pay Rent and to perform all of the other covenants and agreements of Tenant hereunder shall not be affected, impaired or excused by any Unavoidable Delays. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to promptly notify Tenant of any Unavoidable Delay which prevents Landlord from fulfilling any of its obligations under this Lease. 61 ARTICLE 27 NOTICES Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Lease, consents, notices, demands, requests, approval or other communications given under this Lease shall be in writing and shall be deemed sufficiently given or rendered if delivered by hand (provided a signed receipt is obtained) or if sent by registered or certified mail (return receipt requested) or by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service making receipted deliveries, addressed as follows: if to Tenant, (a) at Tenant's address set forth on the first page of this Lease, Attn: James Wildasin if given prior to Tenant's taking possession of the Premises, or (b) at the Building, Attn: James Wildasin if mailed subsequent to Tenant's taking possession of the Premises, or if to Landlord, at Landlord's address set forth on the first page of this Lease, Attn: Chief Financial Officer, and with copies to (a) Tishman Speyer Properties L.P., 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, Attn: Property Manager--300 Park Avenue, (b) Tishman Speyer Properties L.P., 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, Attn: General Counsel, and (c) any Mortgagee or Lessor which shall have requested copies of notices, by notice given to Tenant in accordance with the provisions of this Article 27 at the address designated by such Mortgagee or Lessor; or to such other address(es) as either Landlord or Tenant or any Mortgagee or Lessor may designate as its new address(es) for such purpose by notice given to the other in accordance with the provisions of this Article 27. Any such approval, consent, notice, demand, request or other communication shall be deemed to have been given on the date of receipted delivery or refusal to accept delivery as provided in this Article 27 or the date delivery is first attempted but cannot be made due to a change of address of which no notice was given. ARTICLE 28 RULES AND REGULATIONS Tenant and all Tenant Parties shall observe and comply with the Rules and Regulations, as supplemented or amended from time to time, provided, that in case of any conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of this Lease and any of the Rules and Regulations as originally promulgated or as supplemented or amended from time to time, the 62 provisions of this Lease shall control. Landlord reserves the right, from time to time, to adopt additional Rules and Regulations and to amend the Rules and Regulations then in effect. Nothing contained in this Lease shall impose upon Landlord any obligation to enforce the Rules and Regulations or terms, covenants or conditions in any other lease against any other Building tenant, and Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for violation of the Rules and Regulations by any other tenant, its employees, agents, visitors or licensees, except that Landlord shall not enforce any Rule or Regulation against Tenant in a discriminatory fashion. ARTICLE 29 PARTNERSHIP TENANT Section 29.1 Partnership Tenant. If Tenant, or a permitted assignee of this Lease pursuant to Article 15 hereof, is a partnership, or is comprised of two or more Persons, individually or as partners of a partnership (any such partnership and such Persons are referred to in this Article as "Partnership Tenant"), the following shall apply: (a) the liability of each of the general partners (excluding Persons solely holding interests as limited partners), each of the partners in a limited liability partnership or Persons comprising Partnership Tenant (the "Partners") shall be joint and several; (b) each of the Partners hereby consents in advance to, and agrees to be bound by, any written instrument which may hereafter be executed by Partnership Tenant or any of the Partners, which shall modify, extend or discharge this Lease, in whole or in part, or surrender all or any part of the Premises to Landlord; (c) any bills, statements, notices, demands, requests or other communications given or rendered to Partnership Tenant or to any of the Partners shall be binding upon Partnership Tenant and all of the Partners; (d) if Partnership Tenant shall admit new Partners, all new Partners shall, by their admission to Partnership Tenant, be deemed to have assumed joint and several liability for the performance of all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease on Tenant's part to be observed and performed; (e) Partnership Tenant shall give prompt notice to Landlord of the admission of any new Partners, and upon demand of Landlord, shall cause each such new partner to execute and deliver to Landlord an agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Landlord, wherein each new Partner shall assume joint and several liability for the performance of all the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease on Tenant's part to be observed and performed (but neither Landlord's failure to request any such agreement nor the failure of any new Partner to execute or deliver any such agreement to Landlord shall vitiate the provisions of this Section 29.1(e); and (f) no change in the Partners of Partnership Tenant resulting from the admission of a new Partner, or the death, retirement or withdrawal of a Partner shall release Partnership Tenant or any Partner or former Partner from their obligations under this Lease. Section 29.2 Change of Partners. If Tenant is a Partnership Tenant, (a) the admission of new Partners, the withdrawal (in the ordinary course of business), retirement, death, incompetency or bankruptcy of any Partner, or the reallocation of partnership interests 63 among the Partners shall constitute an assignment of this Lease unless Partners holding in the aggregate not less than 80% of the partnership interests in Partnership Tenant immediately prior to such event remain as Partners holding not less than 80% of the partnership interests in Partnership Tenant during the 12-month period immediately following such event (i.e., the transfer, by any of the foregoing means, of more than 20% of the partnership interests in Partnership Tenant in any consecutive 12- month period shall constitute an assignment of this Lease subject to the provisions of Article 15), and (b) the reorganization of Partnership Tenant into a professional corporation or a limited liability partnership, or the reorganization of Tenant from a professional corporation or a limited liability partnership into a partnership, shall constitute an assignment of this Lease unless immediately following such reorganization the Partners or shareholders, as the case may be, of Tenant shall be the same as those existing immediately prior to such reorganization, and shall acknowledge in writing to Landlord that they remain fully liable, jointly and severally, under this Lease as provided in this Article 29. If Tenant shall become a professional corporation, each individual shareholder, shareholder- employee, new individual shareholder and new shareholder-employee of any professional corporation which is a shareholder in Tenant shall have the same personal liability (if any) as such individual or shareholder-employee would have under this Lease if Tenant were a partnership and such individual or shareholder-employee were a Partner or admitted as a new Partner. If any individual Partner in Tenant is or becomes a shareholder-employee of a professional corporation, such individual shall have the same personal liability under this Lease as such individual would have if he and not the professional corporation were a Partner of Tenant. If Tenant shall become a limited liability partnership, (i) each Partner therein shall continue to have the same personal liability as such Partner had under this Lease prior to Tenant becoming a limited liability partnership, and (ii) each new partner admitted to such limited liability partnership shall be bound by the provisions of Section 29.1, and shall execute and deliver to Landlord the assumption agreement required pursuant to Section 29.1(e) hereof. Section 29.3 Limited Recourse. If the original Tenant named herein ("Named Tenant") is not a Partnership Tenant, Landlord acknowledges and agrees that Landlord shall not enforce the liability and obligations of Named Tenant hereunder except against the Named Tenant and Named Tenant's assets and Landlord shall have no right, except as provided in law or equity, to enforce the liability and obligations of Named Tenant hereunder against any principal, officer, shareholder, member or manager of Named Tenant. ARTICLE 30 VAULT SPACE Notwithstanding anything contained in this Lease or indicated on any sketch, blueprint or plan, no vaults, vault space or other space outside the boundaries of the Real Property are included in the Premises. Landlord makes no representation as to the location of 64 the boundaries of the Real Property. All vaults and vault space and all other space outside the boundaries of the Real Property which Tenant may be permitted to use or occupy are to be used or occupied under a revocable license. If any such license shall be revoked, or if the amount of such space shall be diminished as required by any Governmental Authority or by any public utility company, such revocation, diminution or requisition shall not (i) constitute an actual or constructive eviction, in whole or in part, (ii) entitle Tenant to any abatement or diminution of Rent, (iii) relieve Tenant from any of its obligations under this Lease, or (iv) impose any liability upon Landlord. Any fee, tax or charge imposed by any Governmental Authority for any such vaults, vault space or other space occupied by Tenant shall be paid by Tenant. ARTICLE 31 BROKER Section 31.1 Broker Representations. Landlord has retained Landlord's Agent as leasing agent in connection with this Lease and Landlord shall be solely responsible for any fee that may be payable to Landlord's Agent pursuant to a separate agreement. Each of Landlord and Tenant represents and warrants to the other that it has not dealt with any broker in connection with this Lease other than Landlord's Agent and the Broker and that to the best of its knowledge and belief, no other broker, finder or like entity procured or negotiated this Lease or is entitled to any fee or commission in connection herewith. The execution and delivery of this Lease by each party shall be conclusive evidence that each party has relied upon the foregoing representations and warranties. Section 31.2 Indemnity. Each of Landlord and Tenant shall indemnify, defend, protect and hold the other party harmless from and against any and all Losses which the indemnified party may incur by reason of any claim of or liability to any broker, finder or like agent (other than Landlord's Agent and the Broker) arising out of any dealings claimed to have occurred between the indemnifying party and the claimant in connection with this Lease, and/or the above representation being false. The provisions of this Article 31 shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of the Term of this Lease. ARTICLE 32 INDEMNITY Section 32.1 (a) Tenant's Indemnity. Tenant shall not do or permit to be done any act or thing upon the Premises or the Building which may subject Landlord to any liability or responsibility for injury, damages to persons or property or to any liability by reason of any violation of law or of any Requirement, and shall exercise such control over the Premises as 65 to fully protect the Indemnities against any such liability. Tenant shall indemnify, defend, protect and hold harmless each of the Indemnities from and against any and all Losses (as defined in subsection (b) hereof), resulting from any claims (i) against Indenmitees arising from any act, omission or negligence of (A) any Tenant Party or (B) both Landlord and any Tenant Party, provided, however, that Tenant's liability hereunder with respect to matters judicially determined to have arisen out of the negligence of Landlord, which determination shall not be subject to appeal, shall be limited to the amount of insurance coverage carried by Tenant pursuant to Article 12 of this Lease, (ii) against the Indemnitees arising from any accident, injury or damage whatsoever caused to any person or to the property of any person and occurring during the Term or during the period of time, if any, prior to the commencement or following the expiration of the Term that any Tenant Party may have been given access to any portion of the Premises for the purpose of performing work or otherwise, in or about the Premises, and (iii) against the Indemnitees resulting from any breach, violation or nonperformance of any covenant, condition or agreement of this Lease on the part of Tenant to be fulfilled, kept, observed and performed. (b) Indemnity Inclusions. As used in this Lease, the term "Losses" means any and all losses, liabilities, damages, claims, judgments, fines, suits, demands, costs, interest and expenses of any kind or nature (including reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements) incurred in connection with any claim, proceeding or judgment and the defense thereof, and including all costs of repairing any damage to the Premises or the Building or the appurtenances of any of the foregoing to which a particular indemnity and hold harmless agreement applies. (c) Landlord's Indemnity. Landlord shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless Tenant from and against all claims against Tenant arising from any accident, injury or damage whatsoever caused to any person or the property of any person in or about the common or public areas of the Building (specifically excluding the Premises) to the extent attributable to the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord or its agents or employees. Section 32.2 Defense and Settlement. If any claim, action or proceeding is made or brought against any Indemnitee, then upon demand by an Indemnitee, Tenant, at its sole cost and expense, shall resist or defend such claim, action or proceeding in the Indemnitee's name (if necessary), by attorneys approved by the Indemnitee, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. Attorneys for Tenant's insurer shall hereby be deemed approved for purposes of this Section 32.2. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Indemnitee may retain its own attorneys to participate or assist in defending any claim, action or proceeding involving potential liability of $10,000,000 or more, provided that Tenant shall control the defense and Tenant shall pay the reasonable fees and disbursements of such attorneys. Notwithstanding anything herein contained to the contrary, Tenant may direct the Indemnitee to settle any claim, suit or other proceeding provided that (a) such settlement shall involve no obligation on the part of the Indemnitee other than the payment of money, (b) any payments to be made 66 pursuant to such settlement shall be paid in full exclusively by Tenant at the time such settlement is reached, (c) such settlement shall not require the Indemnitee to admit any liability, and (d) the Indemnitee shall have received an unconditional release from the other parties to such claim, suit or other proceeding. The provisions of this Article 32 shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. ARTICLE 33 ADJACENT EXCAVATION; SHORING If an excavation shall be made, or shall be authorized to be made, upon land adjacent to the Real Property, Tenant shall, upon notice, afford to the person causing or authorized to cause such excavation license to enter upon the Premises for the purpose of doing such work as such person shall deem necessary to preserve the wall or the Building from injury or damage and to support the same by proper foundations. In connection with such license, Tenant shall have no right to claim any damages or indemnity against Landlord, or diminution or abatement of Rent, provided that Tenant shall continue to have access to the Premises. ARTICLE 34 TAX STATUS OF BENEFICIAL OWNERS Tenant recognizes and acknowledges that Landlord and/or certain beneficial owners of Landlord may from time to time qualify as real estate investment trusts pursuant to Sections 856 et seq. of the Code or as entities described in Section 511(a)(2) of the Code, and that avoiding (a) the loss of such status, (b) the receipt of any income derived under any provision of this Lease that does not constitute "rents from real property" (in the case of real estate investment trusts) or that constitutes "unrelated business taxable income" (in the case of entities described in Section 511(a)(2) of the Code), and (c) the imposition of penalty or similar taxes (each an "Adverse Event") is of material concern to Landlord and such beneficial owners and Tenant's agreement herein contained regarding the avoidance of an Adverse Event as a material inducement to Landlord entering into this Lease. In the event that this Lease or any document contemplated hereby could, in the opinion of counsel to Landlord, result in or cause an Adverse Event, Tenant agrees to cooperate with Landlord in amending or modifying this Lease or such documents and shall at the request of Landlord execute and deliver such documents reasonably required to effect such amendment or modification. Any amendment or modification pursuant to this Article 34 shall be structured so that the economic results to Landlord and Tenant shall be substantially similar to those set forth in this Lease without regard to such amendment or modification. Without limiting any of Landlord's other rights under this Article 34, Landlord may waive the receipt of any 67 amount payable to Landlord hereunder and such waiver shall constitute an amendment or modification of this Lease with respect to such payment. ARTICLE 35 SECURITY DEPOSIT Section 35.1 Security Deposit. Tenant shall deposit the Security Deposit with Landlord upon the execution of this Lease in cash as security for the faithful performance and observance by Tenant of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease, including the surrender of possession of the Premises to Landlord as herein provided. Section 35.2 Letter of Credit. In lieu of a cash deposit, Tenant may deliver the Security Deposit to Landlord in the form of a clean, irrevocable, non-documentary and unconditional letter of credit in the amount of the Security Deposit (the "Letter of Credit") issued by and drawable upon any commercial bank, trust company, national banking association or savings and loan association with offices for banking purposes in the City of New York (the "Issuing Bank"), which has outstanding unsecured, uninsured and unguaranteed indebtedness, or shall have issued a letter of credit or other credit facility that constitutes the primary security for any outstanding indebtedness (which is otherwise uninsured and unguaranteed), that is then rated, without regard to qualification of such rating by symbols such as "+" or "-" or numerical notation, "Aa" or better by Moody's Investors Service and "AA" or better by Standard & Poor's Rating Service, and has combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of not less than $500,000,000. The Letter of Credit shall (a) name Landlord as beneficiary, (b) be in the amount of the Security Deposit, (c) have a term of not less than one year, (d) permit multiple drawings, (e) be fully transferable by Landlord without the payment of any fees or charges by Landlord, and (f) otherwise be in form and content reasonably satisfactory to Landlord. If upon any transfer of the Letter of Credit, any fees or charges shall be so imposed, then such fees or charges shall be payable solely by Tenant and the Letter of Credit shall so specify. The Letter of Credit shall provide that it shall be deemed automatically renewed, without amendment, for consecutive periods of one year each thereafter during the Term through the date that is at least 60 days after the Expiration Date, unless the Issuing Bank sends a notice (the "Non-Renewal Notice") to Landlord by certified mail, return receipt requested, not less than 45 days next preceding the then expiration date of the Letter of Credit stating that the Issuing Bank has elected not to renew the Letter of Credit. Landlord shall have the right, upon receipt of the Non-Renewal Notice, to draw the full amount of the Letter of Credit, by sight draft on the Issuing Bank, and shall thereafter hold or apply the cash proceeds of the Letter of Credit pursuant to the terms of this Article. The Letter of Credit shall state that drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of the Letter of Credit will be duly honored upon presentation to the Issuing Bank at an office location in Manhattan. The Letter of Credit shall be subject in all respects to the 68 Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1993 revision), International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 500. Section 35.3 Application of Security. If Tenant defaults in the payment or performance of any of the terms, covenants or conditions of this Lease, including the payment of Rent, Landlord may apply or retain the whole or any part of the cash Security Deposit or may notify the Issuing Bank and thereupon receive all or a portion of the Security Deposit represented by the Letter of Credit and use, apply, or retain the whole or any part of such proceeds, as the case may be, to the extent required for the payment of any Fixed Rent or any other sum as to which Tenant is in default including (a) any sum which Landlord may expend or may be required to expend by reason of Tenant's default, and/or (b) any damages or Deficiency to which Landlord is entitled pursuant to this Lease or applicable Requirements, whether such damages or Deficiency accrues before or after summary proceedings or other reentry by Landlord. If Landlord applies or retains any part of the Security Deposit, Tenant, upon demand, shall deposit with Landlord the amount so applied or retained so that Landlord shall have the full Security Deposit on hand at all times during the Term. If Tenant shall fully and faithfully comply with all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease, the Security Deposit (or so much thereof as remains) shall be returned to Tenant after the Expiration Date and after delivery of possession of the Premises to Landlord in the manner required by this Lease. Tenant expressly agrees that Tenant shall have no right to apply any portion of the Security Deposit against any of Tenant's obligations to pay Rent hereunder. Section 35.4 Transfer. Upon a sale of the Real Property or the Building or a leasing of the Building, or any financing of Landlord's interest therein, Landlord shall have the right to transfer the cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit, as applicable, to the vendee, lessee or lender. With respect to the Letter of Credit, within five days after notice of such sale, leasing or financing, Tenant, at its sole cost, shall arrange for the transfer of the Letter of Credit to the new landlord or the lender, as designated by Landlord in the foregoing notice or have the Letter of Credit reissued in the name of the new landlord or the lender. Tenant shall look solely to the new landlord or lender for the return of such cash Security Deposit or Letter of Credit and the provisions hereof shall apply to every transfer or assignment made of the Security Deposit to a new landlord. Tenant shall not assign or encumber or attempt to assign or encumber the cash Security Deposit or Letter of Credit and neither Landlord nor its successors or assigns shall be bound by any such action or attempted assignment, or encumbrance. Section 35.5 Change in Security. (a) On or before each anniversary of the Rent Commencement Date, Tenant shall provide Landlord with the audited financial statements of Tenant outlined below in this Section 35.5(a) which are adequate to permit Landlord to determine the status of satisfaction of the Financial Conditions (as hereinafter defined). Provided and on condition that (the "Conditions") (i) Tenant has not previously defaulted in its obligation to pay Fixed Rent, Tenant's Operating Payment and Tenant's Tax Payment to 69 Landlord within the time periods set forth in this Lease and Landlord has not given two or more notices of any such default in the 12-month period preceding any Reduction Anniversary, (ii) no Event of Default then exists, (iii) Tenant has net income, determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied ("GAAP"), of at least $20 million for the calendar year immediately preceding (a "Preceding Year") a Reduction Anniversary (as defined below), (iv) Tenant has cash and cash equivalents at the end of the Preceding Year at least equal to the greater of (x) 25% of Tenant's total annual expenses for the Preceding Year (less depreciation, amortization and compensation (including benefits) paid to its managing directors), all determined in accordance with GAAP, and (y) $2,500,000 and (v) Tenant provides Landlord with audited financial statements which are certified as true and correct by its outside certified public accountants which are adequate to permit Landlord to confirm satisfaction of the conditions referred to in items (iii) and (iv) above (the "Financial Conditions"), then, provided that Tenant complies with the provisions of this Section 35.5, the Security Deposit shall be reduced on the following dates (each a "Reduction Anniversary") as follows: (A) on the date which is the first anniversary of the Rent Commencement Date that Tenant satisfies the Conditions, the Security Deposit shall be reduced to $1,207,584, (B) provided the Security Deposit shall have previously been reduced pursuant to the preceding clause (A), then on the date which is the date thereafter which is an anniversary of the Rent Commencement Date that Tenant satisfies the Conditions, the Security Deposit shall be reduced to $805,056, and (C) provided the Security Deposit shall have previously been reduced pursuant to the preceding clauses (A) and (B), then on the date which is the date thereafter which is an anniversary of the Rent Commencement Date that Tenant satisfies the Conditions, the Security Deposit shall be reduced to $402,528. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event Tenant fails to satisfy the Financial Conditions during any two calendar years during the Term, commencing with the 12 month period occurring immediately prior to the Commencement Date (whether in consecutive calendar years or not), then Tenant must meet such Financial Conditions for two consecutive calendar years during the Term before a reduction or further reduction, as applicable, of the Security Deposit shall be permitted hereunder. (b) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 35.5 to the contrary, in the event Tenant does not satisfy the Financial Conditions in any calendar year during the Term after the Security Deposit shall have been reduced to $402,528, then the Security Deposit shall be increased as follows: Tenant shall, either deliver to Landlord (i) a Letter of Credit (which Letter of Credit shall comply with the terms above) in the amount of $805,056, whereupon Landlord shall return to Tenant its cash security or current Letter of Credit, or (ii) additional cash security in the amount of $402,528. Failure by Tenant to deliver such Letter of Credit or additional cash security within 15 days after notice from Landlord shall constitute an Event of Default hereunder. If the Security Deposit shall be increased pursuant to the first sentence of this Section 35.5(b), then on an anniversary of the Rent Commencement Date promptly following the expiration of the first calendar year (in case Tenant has not satisfied the Financial Conditions in only one calendar year during the Term) or the second consecutive calendar year (in all other cases) during the Term after such increase that Tenant 70 satisfied the Financial Conditions, the Security Deposit shall be reduced to $402,528 in the manner provided in Section 35.5(c), subject to Tenant's satisfaction of the conditions contained in Section 35.5(a)(i) and (ii) and subject to increase in accordance with this Section 35.5(b) in the event Tenant again does not satisfy the Financial Conditions as provided above. (c) The Security Deposit shall be reduced as follows: (i) if the Security Deposit is in the form of cash, Landlord shall, within 10 Business Days following notice by Tenant to Landlord that Tenant is entitled to reduce the Security Deposit pursuant to this Section 35.5, deliver to Tenant the amount by which the Security Deposit is reduced, or (ii) if the Security Deposit is in the form of a Letter of Credit, Tenant shall deliver to Landlord an amendment to the Letter of Credit (which amendment must be reasonably acceptable to Landlord in all respects), reducing the amount of the Letter of Credit by the amount of the permitted reduction, and Landlord shall execute the amendment and such other documents as are reasonably necessary to reduce the amount of the Letter of Credit in accordance with the terms thereof. If Tenant delivers to Landlord an amendment to the Letter of Credit in accordance with the terms hereof, Landlord shall, within 10 Business Days after delivery of such amendment, either (A) provide its reasonable objections to such amendment or (B) execute such amendment of the Letter of Credit in accordance with the terms hereof (d) Landlord acknowledges that all financial information provided by Tenant under this Section is provided solely for Landlord's use in connection with this Section and Landlord agrees to take normal and reasonable precautions and exercise due care to maintain the confidentiality of all financial information provided to it by Tenant hereunder, except to the extent such information (a) was or becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of disclosure by Landlord, or (b) was or becomes available on a non-confidential basis from a source other than Tenant; provided, however, that Landlord may disclose such information (i) pursuant to any requirement of any Governmental Authority or any applicable Requirement; (ii) pursuant to subpoena or other court process; (iii) to the extent reasonably required in connection with the exercise of any remedy hereunder; (iv) to Landlord's partners, members, shareholders, managers, independent auditors and other professional advisors on a need to know basis but solely for the purpose set forth above and with the understanding that such Person keep such information confidential to the same extent required by Landlord hereunder; (v) to any purchaser or lender, actual or potential, on a need to know basis but solely for the purpose set forth above and with the understanding that such Person keep such information confidential to the same extent required by Landlord hereunder. 71 ARTICLE 36 MISCELLANEOUS Section 36.1 Delivery. This Lease shall not be binding upon Landlord or Tenant unless and until Landlord shall have executed and delivered a fully executed copy of this Lease to Tenant. Section 36.2 Transfer of Real Property. Landlord's obligations under this Lease shall not be binding upon the Landlord named herein after the sale, conveyance, assignment or transfer or lease of Landlord's interest (collectively a "Transfer") by Landlord (or upon any subsequent landlord after the Transfer by such subsequent landlord) of its interest in the Building or the Real Property, as the case may be, and in the event of any such Transfer, Landlord (and any such subsequent landlord) shall be entirely freed and relieved of all covenants and obligations of Landlord hereunder, and the transferee of Landlord's interest (or that of such subsequent landlord) in the Building or the Real Property, as the case may be, shall be deemed to have assumed all obligations under this Lease. Section 36.3 Limitation on Liability. The liability of Landlord for Landlord's obligations under this Lease shall be limited to Landlord's interest from time to time in the Real Property and Tenant shall not look to any other property or assets of Landlord or the property or assets of any Indemnitees in seeking either to enforce Landlord's obligations under this Lease or to satisfy a judgment for Landlord's failure to perform such obligations; and none of the Indemnitees shall be personally liable for the performance of Landlord's obligations under this Lease. Section 36.4 Rent. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Lease, all amounts payable by Tenant to or on behalf of Landlord under this Lease, whether or not expressly denominated Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment, Tenant's Operating Payment, Additional Rent or Rent, shall constitute rent for the purposes of Section 502(b)(6) of the United States Bankruptcy Code and other Requirements. Section 36.5 Entire Agreement. This Lease (including any Schedules and Exhibits referred to herein and all supplementary agreements provided for herein) contains the entire agreement between the parties and all prior negotiations and agreements are merged into this Lease. All of the Schedules and Exhibits attached hereto are incorporated in and made a part of this Lease, provided that in the event of any inconsistency between the terms and provisions of this Lease and the terms and provisions of the Schedules and Exhibits hereto, the terms and provisions of this Lease shall control. All Article and Section references set forth herein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be deemed references to the Articles and Sections of this Lease. 72 Section 36.6 Governing Law. This Lease shall be governed in all respects by the laws of the State of New York. Section 36.7 Unenforceability. If any provision of this Lease, or its application to any Person or circumstance, shall ever be held to be invalid or unenforceable, then in each such event the remainder of this Lease or the application of such provision to any other Person or any other circumstance (other than those as to which it shall be invalid or unenforceable) shall not be thereby affected, and each provision hereof shall remain valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. Section 36.8 Consent to Jurisdiction. (a) Except as expressly provided to the contrary in this Lease, Tenant agrees that all disputes arising, directly or indirectly, out of or relating to this Lease, and all actions to enforce this Lease, shall be dealt with and adjudicated in the state courts of the State of New York or the federal courts for the Southern District of New York; and for that purpose Tenant expressly and irrevocably submits itself to the jurisdiction of such courts. Tenant agrees that so far as is permitted under applicable law, this consent to personal jurisdiction shall be self-operative and no further instrument or action, other than service of process in one of the manners specified in this Lease, or as otherwise permitted by law, shall be necessary in order to confer jurisdiction upon it in any such court. Tenant further agrees that judgment against it in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, may be enforced in any other jurisdiction within or outside the United States of America by suit on the judgment, a certified or exemplified copy of which shall be conclusive evidence of the fact and of the amount of its indebtedness. (b) To the extent that Tenant has or hereafter may acquire any immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process (whether through service or notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, execution or otherwise) with respect to itself or its property, Tenant irrevocably waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Lease. Section 36.9 Landlord's Agent. Unless Landlord shall render written notice to Tenant to the contrary, Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. is authorized to act as Landlord's agent in connection with the performance of this Lease, and Tenant shall direct all correspondence and requests to, and shall be entitled to rely upon correspondence received from, Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P., as agent for the Landlord in accordance with Article 27. Tenant acknowledges that Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. is acting solely as agent for Landlord in connection with the foregoing; and neither Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. nor any of its direct or indirect partners, officers, shareholders, directors, employees, principals, agents or representatives shall have any liability to Tenant in connection with the performance of this Lease, and Tenant waives any and all claims against any and all of such parties arising out of, or in any way connected with, this Lease, the Building or the Real Property. 73 Section 36.10 Estoppels. (a) Within seven days following request from Landlord, any Mortgagee or any Lessor, Tenant shall deliver to Landlord a written statement executed and acknowledged by Tenant, in form satisfactory to Landlord, (i) stating the Commencement Date, and the Expiration Date, and that this Lease is then in full force and effect and has not been modified (or if modified, setting forth all modifications), (ii) setting forth the date to which the Fixed Rent and any Additional Rent have been paid, together with the amount of monthly Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment and Tenant's Operating Payment then payable, (iii) stating whether or not, to the best of Tenant's knowledge, Landlord is in default under this Lease, and, if Tenant asserts that Landlord is in default, setting forth the specific nature of any such defaults, (iv) stating whether Landlord has failed to complete any work required to be performed by Landlord under this Lease, (v) stating whether there are any sums payable to Tenant by Landlord under this Lease, (vi) stating the amount of the Security Deposit, if any, under this Lease, (vii) stating whether there are any subleases or assignments affecting the Premises, (viii) stating the address of Tenant to which all notices and communications under the Lease shall be sent, and (ix) responding to any other matters reasonably requested by Landlord, such Mortgagee or such Lessor. Tenant acknowledges that any statement delivered pursuant to this Section 36.10(a) may be relied upon by any purchaser or owner of the Real Property or the Building, or all or any portion of Landlord's interest in the Real Property or the Building or any Superior Lease, or by any Mortgagee, or assignee thereof or by any Lessor, or assignee thereof. (b) From time to time, within seven days following a request by Tenant, Landlord shall deliver to Tenant a written statement executed and acknowledged by Landlord, in form reasonably acceptable to Tenant and Landlord, (i) stating the Commencement Date, the Rent Commencement Date and the Expiration Date, and that this Lease is then in full force and effect and has not been modified (or, if modified, setting forth all modifications), (ii) setting forth the date to which the Fixed Rent and all Additional Rent have been paid, together with the amount of monthly Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment and Tenant's Operating Payment then payable, and (iii) stating whether or not, to Landlord's knowledge, Tenant is in default under this Lease, and, if Landlord asserts that Tenant is in default, setting forth the specific nature of all such defaults. Landlord acknowledges that any statement delivered pursuant to this Section 36.10(b) may be relied upon by any prospective or actual sublessee of the Premises or assignee of this Lease, or permitted transferee of or successor to Tenant. Section 36.11 Certain Rules of Interpretation. For purposes of this Lease, whenever the words "include", "includes", or "including" are used, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words "without limitation" and, whenever the circumstances or the context requires, the singular shall be construed as the plural, the masculine shall be construed as the feminine and/or the neuter and vice versa. This Lease shall be interpreted and enforced without the aid of any canon, custom or rule of law requiring or suggesting construction against the party drafting or causing the drafting of the provision in question. 74 Section 36.12 Captions. The captions in this Lease are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference and in no way define, limit or describe the scope of this Lease or the intent of any provision hereof. Section 36.13 Parties Bound. The terms, covenants, conditions and agreements contained in this Lease shall bind and inure to the benefit of Landlord and Tenant and, except as otherwise provided in this Lease, to their respective legal representatives, successors, and assigns. Section 36.14 Directory. The lobby shall contain a computerized directory wherein the Building's tenants shall be listed with a capacity for up to 50 listings per floor for Tenant and others permitted to occupy the Premises hereunder, provided Tenant shall be entitled to such proportion of such listings as the Agreed Area of Premises is to the rentable square foot area of such floor. From time to time, but not more frequently than once every three (3) months, Landlord shall reprogram the computerized directory to reflect such changes in the listings therein as Tenant shall request. Section 36.15 Counterparts. This Lease may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which, when taken together, shall constitute but one instrument. Section 36.16 Memorandum of Lease. Neither this Lease nor a memorandum in respect of this Lease shall be recorded. Section 36.17 Survival. All obligations and liabilities of Landlord or Tenant to the other which accrued before the expiration or other termination of this Lease, and all such obligations and liabilities which by their nature or under the circumstances can only be, or by the provisions of this Lease may be, performed after such expiration or other termination, shall survive the expiration or other termination of this Lease. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights and obligations of the parties with respect to any indemnity under this Lease, and with respect to Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment, Tenant's Operating Payment and any other amounts payable under this Lease, shall survive the expiration or other termination of this Lease. ARTICLE 37 RENEWAL OPTION Section 37.1 Exercise of Option. Tenant shall have the right, to renew the Term for all of the Premises for a single renewal term (the "Renewal Term") of five (5) years by notice (the "Renewal Notice") delivered to Landlord not less than 18 months prior to the Expiration 75 Date, time being of the essence; provided, however, that (a) Tenant shall not be in default under any of the terms, covenants or conditions of this Lease either on the date the Renewal Notice is given or on the Renewal Term Commencement Date (as hereinafter defined), and (b) the Named Tenant shall not have assigned this Lease, and shall be in occupancy of at least 80% of the rentable area of the Premises, provided, further, however, that if Named Tenant shall be in occupancy of at least 90% of the rentable area of the 23rd Floor Premises, Named Tenant shall have the right, notwithstanding any of the foregoing to the contrary, to renew the Term for such full floor of the Premises in accordance with the terms hereof. Upon the giving of the Renewal Notice (which Renewal Notice shall specify the space being renewed), this Lease in respect of the Premises or the 23rd Floor Premises, as the case may be, shall be deemed renewed for the Renewal Term with the same force and effect as if the Renewal Term had originally been included in the Term. The Renewal Term shall commence on the day after the Expiration Date (the "Renewal Term Commencement Date") and shall terminate on the day preceding the fifth (5th) anniversary of the Renewal Term Commencement Date or such earlier date as this Lease shall terminate pursuant to any of the terms of this Lease. If Tenant renews the Term in respect of the 23rd Floor Premises only, Tenant shall prior to the Renewal Term Commencement Date close any slab penetrations in the Premises. Section 37.2 Terms. All of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease shall continue in full force and effect in respect of the Premises or the 23rd Floor Premises, as the case may be, during the Renewal Term, except that (a) the Fixed Rent for the Renewal Term shall be in an amount equal to 100% of the Fair Market Value (as hereinafter defined), (b) Tenant shall have no further right to renew the Term, (c) the Base Tax Year shall be the Tax Year commencing on the July 1st prior to the Renewal Term Commencement Date, and (d) the Base Expense Year shall be the Comparison Year commencing on the January 1st prior to the Renewal Term Commencement Date. Any termination, cancellation or surrender of the entire interest of Tenant under this Lease at any time during the Term shall terminate any right of renewal of Tenant hereunder. Section 37.3 Fair Market Value. "Fair Market Value", in respect of the Premises or the 23rd Floor Premises, as the case may be, shall mean the fair market annual rental value of the Premises or the 23rd Floor Premises, as the case may be, at the commencement of the Renewal Term for a term equal to the Renewal Term, as determined by Landlord based on comparable space in the Building, including all of Landlord's services provided for in this Lease, and with (a) the Premises or the 23rd Floor Premises, as the case may be, considered as vacant, and in the "as is" condition existing on the Renewal Term Commencement Date, (b) the Base Tax Year being the Tax Year commencing on the July 1st prior to the Renewal Term Commencement Date, and (c) the Base Expense Year being the Comparison Year commencing on the January 1st prior to the Renewal Term Commencement Date. The calculation of Fair Market Value shall also be adjusted to take into account all relevant factors. Prior to the commencement of the Renewal Term, Landlord shall deliver to Tenant Landlord's determination of Fair Market Value. 76 Section 37.4 Arbitration. If Tenant shall dispute Landlord's determination of Fair Market Value, Tenant shall give notice to Landlord of such dispute within 10 days after the delivery of Landlord's determination to Tenant, and such dispute shall be determined by a single arbitrator appointed in accordance with the American Arbitration Association Real Estate Valuation Arbitration Proceeding Rules. If no notice of dispute is given by Tenant within such 10-day period (time being of the essence), then Landlord's determination shall be binding on Tenant. The arbitrator shall be impartial and shall have not less than 10 years' experience in the County of New York related to the leasing of commercial office space in office buildings comparable to the Building, and the fees of the arbitrator shall be shared by Landlord and Tenant. Within 15 days following the appointment of the arbitrator, Landlord and Tenant shall attend a hearing before the arbitrator at which each party shall submit a report setting forth its determination of Fair Market Value, together with such information on comparable rentals and such other evidence as such party shall deem relevant. The arbitrator shall, within 30 days following such hearing and submission of evidence, render his or her decision by selecting the determination of Fair Market Value submitted by either Landlord or Tenant which, in the judgment of the arbitrator, most nearly reflects the Fair Market Value. The arbitrator shall have no power or authority to select any Fair Market Value other than a Fair Market Value submitted by Landlord or Tenant or to modify any of the provisions of this Lease, and the decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding upon Landlord and Tenant. Prior to the determination of the arbitrator, Tenant shall pay Fixed Rent based on Landlord's determination of Fair Market Value submitted to Tenant pursuant to Section 37.3, and following the arbitrator's final determination, the amount of any overpayment or underpayment shall be appropriately adjusted between the parties. Section 37.5 Agreement of Terms. Landlord and Tenant, at either party's request, shall promptly execute and exchange an appropriate agreement evidencing the extension of the Term for the Renewal Term, and the terms thereof in a form reasonably satisfactory to both parties, but no such agreement shall be necessary in order to make the provisions hereof effective. ARTICLE 38 RIGHT OF FIRST OFFER Section 38.1 Exercise of Right. If at any time prior to the last 24 months of the Term (as the same may be extended) all of the rentable area of the 24th floor of the Building that is not subject to this Lease (such space being hereinafter referred to as the "Expansion Space") is, or Landlord reasonably believes the same is to become, Available (as hereinafter defined) after having been leased by Landlord after the date of this Lease to a new tenant or occupant and Landlord proposes to lease the Expansion Space, Landlord shall deliver notice thereof to Tenant (the "Expansion Notice") setting forth Landlord's determination of the 77 Expansion Space Fair Market Value (as hereinafter defined) and the date Landlord reasonably anticipates that such Expansion Space will become Available. Provided that all of the conditions precedent set forth in this Article 38 are fully satisfied by Tenant, Tenant shall have the option (the "Expansion Option"), exercisable by Tenant delivering irrevocable notice to Landlord ("Acceptance Notice") within 10 Business Days of the giving by Landlord of the Expansion Notice, time being of the essence, to lease the Expansion Space upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Article 38. The Expansion Option may be exercised only with respect to all of the Expansion Space. If Tenant fails to timely give an Acceptance Notice with respect to the Expansion Space, Tenant shall be deemed to have rejected Landlord's offer to lease the Expansion Space and Landlord shall have no further obligation, and Tenant shall have no further rights, with respect to the Expansion Space during the Term. Section 38.2 Definitions. (a) "Available" shall mean that at the time in question (i) no Person leases or occupies the Expansion Space, whether pursuant to a lease or other agreement, and (ii) no Person holds any option or right to lease or occupy the Expansion Space, or to renew its lease or right of occupancy thereof. So long as a tenant or other occupant leases or occupies a portion of the Expansion Space, Landlord shall be free to extend any such tenancy or occupancy, whether or not pursuant to a lease or other agreement, and such space shall not be deemed to be Available. In no event shall Landlord be liable to Tenant for any failure by any then existing tenant or occupant to vacate the Expansion Space. From and after the date Landlord enters into a lease or other occupancy agreement with respect to the Expansion Space with a Person, Landlord shall not grant any rights to any tenant or other occupant of the Building with respect to the Expansion Space unless such rights are subordinate to the rights granted Tenant hereunder, except to the initial Tenant or occupant of the Expansion Space after the date of this Lease and to new tenants or occupants of the Expansion Space after Landlord shall have duly offered the Expansion Space to Tenant pursuant to this Article 38. (b) "Expansion Space Fair Market Value," with respect to the Expansion Space, shall mean the fair market annual rental value of the Expansion Space at the commencement of the leasing of the Expansion Space for a term commencing on the Expansion Space Commencement Date (as hereinafter defined) and ending on the Expiration Date, as determined by Landlord based on comparable space in the Building, including all of Landlord's services provided for in the Lease and with (i) the Expansion Space considered as vacant and in the "as is" condition which same shall be in on the Expansion Space Commencement Date, (ii) the Base Tax Year being the Tax Year commencing on the July 1st immediately preceding the Expansion Space Commencement Date and (iii) the Base Expense Year being the Comparison Year commencing on the January 1st immediately preceding the Expansion Space Commencement Date. The calculation of Expansion Space Fair Market Value shall also be adjusted to take into account any other relevant factors. Section 38.3 Conditions to Exercise. Tenant shall have no right to exercise the Expansion Option unless all of the following conditions have been satisfied on the date the 78 Acceptance Notice is delivered to Landlord and on the Expansion Space Commencement Date: (a) No Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; (b) Premises; and Tenant shall be in occupancy of 85% of the rentable area of the (c) There shall not have occurred any material adverse change in the financial condition of Tenant from the condition described on the financial statements submitted by Tenant to Landlord in connection with this Lease. Section 38.4 Incorporation of Expansion Space. Effective as of the date on which Landlord delivers vacant possession of the Expansion Space to Tenant (the "Expansion Space Commencement Date"): (a) Fixed Rent for the Expansion Space shall be the Expansion Space Fair Market Value as determined in accordance with this Article 38. (b) Tenant shall pay Tenant's Tax Payment and Tenant's Operating Payment with respect to the Expansion Space in accordance with the provisions of Article 8, except that (i) the Base Tax Year shall be the Tax Year commencing on the July 1st immediately preceding the Expansion Space Commencement Date, and (ii) the Base Expense Year shall be the Comparison Year commencing on the January 1st immediately preceding the Expansion Space Commencement Date; (c) The rentable square footage of the Expansion Space shall be 4,921 (which the parties agree shall be the rentable square footage of the Expansion Space for all purposes of this Lease), the Agreed Area of Premises in respect of the 24th Floor Premises shall be increased to 11,465 rentable square feet and Tenant's Proportionate Share in respect of Operating Expenses shall be increased to 4.3261% and in respect of Taxes shall be increased to 4.1472%; (d) The Expansion Space shall be delivered in its "as is" condition, and Landlord shall not be obligated to perform any work with respect thereto or make any contribution to Tenant to prepare Expansion Space for Tenant's occupancy; (e) The Security Deposit shall be increased by an amount equal to (i) the then existing amount of the Security Deposit then required pursuant to Article 35, divided by the number of rentable square feet then contained in the Premises, multiplied by (ii) 4,921, which additional Security Deposit shall be subject to increase and reduction on the same terms and in the same manner as provided in Section 35.5 as if such amount were included therein; and 79 (f) The Expansion Space shall be added to and be deemed to be a part of the 24th Floor Premises and the Premises for all purposes of this Lease (except as otherwise provided in this Section 38). Section 38.5 Possession. In no event shall Landlord be obligated to incur any fee, cost, expense or obligation, nor to prosecute any legal action or proceeding, in connection with the delivery of the Expansion Space to Tenant nor shall Tenant's obligations under this Lease with respect to the Premises or the Expansion Space be affected thereby. Landlord shall not be subject to any liability and this Lease shall not be impaired if Landlord shall be unable to deliver possession of the Expansion Space to Tenant on any particular date. Tenant hereby waives any right to rescind this Lease or the Acceptance Notice under the provisions of Section 223-a of the Real Property Law of the State of New York, and agrees that the provisions of this Section 38.5 are intended to constitute "an express provision to the contrary" within the meaning of said Section 223-a. Landlord agrees that it shall not waive any rights it may have against any Person holding over in the Expansion Space, without any obligation to enforce any such rights. Section 38.6 Arbitration. If Tenant shall dispute Landlord's determination of the Expansion Space Fair Market Value, Tenant shall give notice to Landlord of such dispute within 10 days following the delivery of Landlord's determination to Tenant, and such dispute shall be determined by a single arbitrator appointed in accordance with the American Arbitration Association Real Estate Valuation Arbitration Proceeding Rules. If no notice of any dispute is given within such 10 day period (time being of the essence), then Landlord's determination shall be binding upon Tenant. The arbitrator shall be impartial and shall have not less than 10 years' experience in the County of New York in a calling related to the leasing of commercial office space in office buildings comparable to the Building, and the fees of the arbitrator shall be shared by Landlord and Tenant. Within 15 days following the appointment of the arbitrator, Landlord and Tenant shall attend a hearing before the arbitrator at which each party shall submit a report setting forth its determination of the Expansion Space Fair Market Value, together with such information on comparable rentals and such other evidence as such party shall deem relevant. The arbitrator shall, within 30 days following such hearing and submission of evidence, render his or her decision by selecting the determination of the Expansion Space Fair Market Value submitted by either Landlord or Tenant which, in the judgment of the arbitrator, most nearly reflects the Expansion Space Fair Market Value. The arbitrator shall have no power or authority to select any Expansion Space Fair Market Value other than an Expansion Space Fair Market Value submitted by Landlord or Tenant or to modify any of the terms and provisions of this Lease, and the decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding upon Landlord and Tenant. Prior to the determination of the arbitrator, Tenant shall pay Fixed Rent based on Landlord's determination of the Expansion Space Fair Market Value, and following the arbitrator's final determination, the amount of any overpayment or underpayment shall be adjusted between the parties. 80 Section 38.7 Agreement of Terms. Landlord and Tenant, at either party's request, shall promptly execute and exchange an appropriate agreement evidencing the leasing of the Expansion Space and the terms thereof in a form reasonably satisfactory to both parties, but no such agreement shall be necessary in order to make the provisions hereof effective. ARTICLE 39 SATELLITE DISH Section 39.1 Right to Install Satellite Dish. (a) Tenant has the option (the "Satellite Option"), subject to the availability of roof space as determined by Landlord in its sole discretion, to install- and operate for its own use (and not for broadcasting to others for a fee or for resale purposes) a satellite dish, communication antenna, microwave equipment, other telecommunications equipment and related equipment, mountings, wiring and support (collectively, the "Satellite Dish") on a portion of the roof of the Building in a location determined by Landlord in its sole discretion, provided that (i) the size (which shall not exceed 2 square feet in diameter) and type of such Satellite Dish shall be approved by Landlord, (ii) Tenant shall comply with all applicable Requirements (including the obtaining of all required permits and licenses, and the maintenance thereof and shall provide Landlord or its designee with true and complete copies thereof prior to the installation or use of the Satellite Dish), it being understood that Landlord shah, subject to reimbursement for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, reasonably cooperate with Tenant in connection therewith, including, without limitation, by executing and delivering to Tenant such applications, instruments and other documents as Tenant may reasonably request in connection therewith, (iii) the manner of installation shall be approved by Landlord, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, and (iv) the installation of Tenant's Satellite Dish shall constitute an Alteration and shall be performed in accordance with the provisions of Article 5. If Tenant shall exercise the Satellite Option, Landlord will make available to Tenant, in accordance with Article 5, access to the roof for the construction, installation, maintenance, repair, operation, replacement, substitution and use of Tenant's Satellite Dish, as well as space in the Building to run electrical and telecommunications conduits or cables from such Satellite Dish to a point of entry in the Premises. All of the provisions of this Lease shall apply to the construction, installation, maintenance, repair, operation, replacement, substitution and use of the Satellite Dish, including provisions relating to compliance with Requirements, insurance, indemnity, repairs and maintenance as if the Satellite Dish were part of the Premises. Tenant's Satellite Dish shall be treated for all purposes of this Lease as if it were a Specialty Alteration. Tenant shall pay all costs of electricity in connection with the use of the Satellite Dish. (b) Tenant's Satellite Dish may not cause interference or damage to other tenants in or occupants of the Building or any Building Systems. 81 (c) Landlord shall charge Tenant an annual fee for the use of the area where the Satellite Dish is placed equal to the established fee from time to time in effect for the Building. Tenant shall pay such annual fee in equal monthly installments, at the time and in the manner Fixed Rent is payable hereunder. Section 39.2 Relocation. At any time following Tenant's installation of the Satellite Dish, Landlord may, upon reasonable prior notice to Tenant, direct Tenant to relocate such Satellite Dish to a location designated by Landlord on the roof of the Building and providing substantially comparable reception and transmission as was afforded by the prior location, and Tenant shall relocate its Satellite Dish as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter (and, in any event, within 30 days after receipt of Landlord's notice). The cost of relocating the Satellite Dish shall be borne by Tenant if such relocation shall be necessary due to any interference with other installations existing on the date the Satellite Dish was installed, any Requirement or any act or omission of Tenant (other than mere use), including Tenant's failure to comply with Section 39.1(b). If the relocation shall be required for any other reason, the cost of the relocation shall be borne by Landlord. Section 39.3 Compliance with Requirements; Damage; Maintenance Taxes; etc. (a) Landlord shall not be responsible for complying with any Requirements (including the obtaining of any required permits or licenses, or the maintenance thereof) relating to the Satellite Dish, nor shall Landlord be responsible for any damage that may be caused to Tenant or the Satellite Dish by any other tenant or occupant of the Building. Landlord makes no representation that Tenant's Satellite Dish will be able to receive or transmit communication signals without interference or disturbance (whether or not by reason of the installation or use of similar equipment by others on the roof) and Tenant agrees that Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant therefor, it being understood that Landlord shall reasonably cooperate with Tenant to relocate, at Tenant's sole expense, the Satellite Dish to an alternate location, to the extent available at the Building, where the Satellite Dish will be able to receive or transmit such communication signals without interference or disturbance. Tenant's use and operation of the Satellite Dish shall also comply with all Requirements. (b) Tenant, at Tenant's sole cost and expense, shall paint and maintain the Satellite Dish in white or such other color as Landlord shall determine (provided such color or painting of the Satellite Dish does not adversely affect the operation of the Satellite Dish) and shall install such lightning rods or air terminals on or about the Satellite Dish as Landlord may reasonably require. (c) Tenant shall (i) be solely responsible for any damage caused as a result of the use, installation or maintenance of the Satellite Dish, (ii) promptly pay any tax, license, permit or other fees or charges imposed pursuant to any Requirements relating to the construction, installation, maintenance, repair, operation or use of the Satellite Dish, (iii) at its sole cost and expense, promptly comply with all precautions and safeguards required by 82 Landlord's insurance company and all Governmental Authorities in connection with the ownership, use, installation or maintenance and operation of the Satellite Dish, and (iv) at its sole cost and expense, maintain the Satellite Dish in a safe and orderly condition, so as not to interfere with other tenants or occupants in the Building or the operation by others of equipment on the roof of the Building. Section 39.4 No Leasehold Interest. Tenant acknowledges and agrees that the privileges granted Tenant under this Article 39, if exercised, shall not be deemed to grant Tenant a leasehold or other real property interest in the Building or any portion thereof in connection with the Satellite Dish. 83 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Landlord and Tenant have executed this Lease as of the day and year first above written. TST 300 PARK, L.P., Landlord By: TST 300 PARK CORP., its general partner By: /s/Bruce D. Saber ---------------------------- Name: Bruce D. Saber Title: Vice President GREENHILL & CO. LLC, Tenant By: /s/ Jeffrey P. Williams ----------------------------- Name: Jeffrey P. Williams Title: Mng. Director Tenant's Federal Identification Number: 13-3867900 84 ACKNOWLEDGMENT STATE OF NEW YORK ) ) s.s.: COUNTY OF NEW YORK ) On this 11th day of February, in the year 2000 before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public in and said State, personally appeared Jeffrey P. Williams personally known to me or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the individuals) whose name(s) is (are) subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument, the individual(s), or the person upon behalf of which the individual(s) acted, executed the instrument. /s/ Peter Krause ---------------- Notary Public PETER C. KRAUSE NOTARY PUBLIC, State of New York No. 31-5006691 Qualified in New York Commission Expires 1/4/01EXHIBIT A FLOOR PLANS The floor plans which follow are intended solely to identify the general location of the Premises, and should not be used for any other purpose. All areas, dimensions and locations are approximate, and any physical conditions indicated may not exist as shown. See Attached Exhibit A-1 Floor 23 - 300 Park Avenue [Graphic Omitted] Exhibit A-2 Floor 24 - 300 Park Avenue [Graphic Omitted] EXHIBIT B DEFINITIONS Affiliate: With respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly (through one or more intermediaries), Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such first Person. Base Rate: The annual rate of interest publicly announced from time to time by Citibank, N.A., or its successor, in New York, New York as its "base rate" (or such other term as may be used by Citibank, N.A., from time to time, for the rate presently referred to as its "base rate"). Building Systems: The mechanical, electrical, plumbing, sanitary, sprinkler, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, security, life-safety, elevator and other service systems or facilities of the Building up to (but not including) the point of localized distribution to the Premises (excluding, however, supplemental HVAC systems of tenants (including Tenant), sprinklers and the horizontal distribution systems within and servicing the Premises and by which mechanical, electrical, plumbing, sanitary, heating, ventilating and air conditioning, security, life-safety and other service systems are distributed from the base Building risers, feeders, panelboards, etc. for provision of such services to the Premises). Business Days: All days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and all days observed by either the State of New York, the Federal Government or the labor unions servicing the Building as holidays. Code: The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. Consumer Price Index: The Consumer price Index for All Urban Customers, CPI-U, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor, New York - Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT Area `All Items' (1982-84=100), or any successor index thereto covering New York City, appropriately adjusted. In the event that the Consumer Price Index is converted to a different standard reference base or otherwise revised, the determination of adjustments provided for herein shall be made with the use of such conversion factor, formula or table for converting the Consumer Price Index as may be published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, or, if said Bureau shall not publish the same, then with the use of such conversion factor, formula or table as may be published by Prentice-Hall, Inc., or any other nationally recognized publisher of similar statistical information. If the Consumer Price Index ceases to be published, and there is no successor 2 thereto, such other index as Landlord shall select and Tenant shall approve, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, shall be substituted for the Consumer Price Index. Control: (i) (a) The ownership, directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the voting stock of a corporation, or (b) in the case of any Person which is not a corporation, the ownership, directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the beneficial ownership interest in such Person, or (ii) in the case of any such Person, the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person. Cost Per Kilowatt Hour: (a) The total cost for electricity incurred by Landlord to service the Building during a particular billing period (including energy charges, demand charges, surcharges, time-of-day charges, fuel adjustment charges, rate adjustment charges, taxes, rebates and any other factors used by the public utility company in computing its charges to Landlord), divided by (b) the total kilowatt hours purchased by Landlord to provide electricity to the Building during such period. Deficiency: The difference between (a) the Fixed Rent and Additional Rent for the period which otherwise would have constituted the unexpired portion of the Term (assuming the Additional Rent for each year thereof to be the same as was payable for the year immediately preceding such termination or re-entry), and (b) the net amount, if any, of rents collected under any reletting effected pursuant to the provisions of this Lease for any part of such period (after first deducting from such rents all expenses incurred by Landlord in connection with the termination of this Lease, Landlord's re-entry upon the Premises and such reletting, including repossession costs, brokerage commissions, attorneys' fees and disbursements, and alteration costs). Excluded Expenses: (a) Taxes; (b) franchise or income taxes imposed upon Landlord; (c) mortgage amortization and interest; (d) leasing commissions; (e) the cost of tenant installations and decorations incurred in connection with preparing space for any Building tenant, including workletters and concessions; (f) ground rent, if any; (g) wages, salaries and benefits paid to any persons above the level of the immediate supervisor of the Building Manager and excluding the wages, salaries and benefits of such supervisor to the extent such supervisor provides services to buildings other than the Building; (h) legal and accounting fees relating to (A) disputes with tenants, prospective tenants or other occupants of the Building, (B) disputes with purchasers, prospective purchasers, mortgagees or prospective mortgagees of the Building or the Real Property or any part of either, or (C) negotiations of leases, contracts of sale or mortgages; (i) costs of services provided to other tenants of the Building on a "rent-inclusion" basis which are not provided to Tenant on such basis; (j) costs that are reimbursed out of insurance, warranty or condemnation proceeds, or which are reimbursable by Tenant or other tenants other than pursuant to an expense escalation clause; (k) costs in the nature of penalties or fines; (l) costs for services, supplies or repairs paid to any related entity in excess of costs that would be payable in an "arm's length" or unrelated situation; (m) allowances, concessions or other costs and expenses of 3 improving or decorating any demised or demisable space in the Building; (n) advertising and promotional expenses in connection with leasing of the Building; (o) the costs of installing, operating and maintaining a specialty improvement, including a cafeteria, lodging or private dining facility, or an athletic, luncheon or recreational club unless Tenant is permitted to make use of any such facility without additional cost or on a subsidized basis consistent with other users; (p) any costs or expenses (including fines, interest, penalties and legal fees) arising out of Landlord's failure to timely pay Operating Expenses or Taxes; (q) costs incurred in connection with the removal, encapsulation or other treatment of asbestos or any other Hazardous Materials existing in the Premises as of the date hereof, and (r) the cost of capital improvements other than those expressly included in Operating Expenses pursuant to Section 8.1 of this Lease. Governmental Authority (Authorities): The United States of America, the City, County or State of New York, or any political subdivision, agency, department, commission, board, bureau or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, or any landmarks preservation agency (or other entity designated or accepted for such purpose by any Governmental Authority or landmarks preservation agency), now existing or hereafter created, having jurisdiction over the Real Property or any portion thereof or the curbs, sidewalks, and areas adjacent thereto. Hazardous Materials: Any substances, materials or wastes currently or in the future deemed or defined in any Requirements as "hazardous substances", "toxic substances", "contaminants", "pollutants" or words of similar import. HVAC Systems: The Building System designed to provide heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Indemnitees: Landlord, Landlord's Agent, each Mortgagee and Lessor, and each of their respective direct and indirect partners, officers, shareholders, managers, directors, members, trustees, beneficiaries, employees, principals, contractors, licensees, invitees, servants, agents and representatives. Lessor: A lessor under a Superior Lease. Mortgage(s): Any mortgage, trust indenture or other financing document (including any assignment of leases and rents) which may now or hereafter affect the Premises, the Real Property, the Building or any Superior Lease and the leasehold interest created thereby, and all renewals, extensions, supplements, amendments, modifications, consolidations and replacements thereof or thereto, substitutions therefor, and advances made thereunder. Mortgagee(s): Any mortgagee, trustee or other holder of a Mortgage. 4 Person: Any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, joint venture, estate, trust, unincorporated association, business trust, tenancy-in common or other entity, or any Governmental Authority. Prohibited Use: Any use or occupancy of the Premises that in Landlord's reasonable judgment would be likely to: (a) cause damage to the Building, the Premises or any equipment, facilities or other systems therein; (b) impair the appearance of the Premises or the Building; (c) interfere with the efficient and economical maintenance, operation and repair of the Premises or the Building or the equipment, facilities or systems thereof; (d) adversely affect any service provided to, and/or the use and occupancy by, any Building tenant or occupants; (e) violate the certificate of occupancy issued for the Premises or the Building or (f) adversely affect the image of the Building as a first-class office location in midtown Manhattan. Prohibited Use also includes the use of any part of the Premises for: (i) a restaurant or bar; (ii) the preparation, consumption, storage, manufacture or sale of food or beverages (except in connection with vending machines and/or warming kitchens installed for the use of Tenant's employees only), liquor, tobacco or drugs; (iii) the business of photocopying, multilith or offset printing (except photocopying in connection with Tenant's own business); (iv) a typing or stenography business; (v) a school or classroom; (vi) lodging or sleeping; (vii) the operation of retail facilities (meaning a business whose primary patronage arises from the generalized solicitation of the general public to visit Tenant's offices in person without a prior appointment) of a savings and loan association or retail facilities of any financial, lending, securities brokerage or investment activity; (viii) a payroll office; (ix) a barber, beauty or manicure shop; (x) an employment agency, executive search firm or similar enterprise; (xi) offices of any Governmental Authority, any foreign government, the United Nations, or any agency or department of the foregoing; (xii) the manufacture, retail sale, storage of merchandise or auction of merchandise, goods or property of any kind to the general public which could reasonably be expected to create a volume of pedestrian traffic substantially in excess of that normally encountered in the Premises; (xiii) the rendering of medical, dental or other therapeutic or diagnostic services; (xiv) a discount drug store or discount clothing store or a "fast food" restaurant; or (xv) any illegal purposes or any activity constituting a nuisance. Requirements: All present and future laws, rules, orders, ordinances, regulations, statutes, requirements, codes and executive orders, extraordinary and ordinary, of (i) all Governmental Authorities, including the Americans With Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C ss. 12101 (et seq.), New York City Local Law 58 of 1987, and any law of like import, and all rules, regulations and government orders with respect thereto, and any of the foregoing relating to Hazardous Materials, environmental matters, public health and safety matters and landmarks preservation, (ii) any applicable fire rating bureau or other body exercising similar functions, affecting the Real Property or the maintenance, use or occupation thereof, or any street, avenue or sidewalk comprising a part of or in front thereof or any vault in or under the same and (iii) all requirements of all insurance bodies affecting the Premises. 5 Rules and Regulations: The rules and regulations annexed to and made a part of this Lease as Exhibit F, as they may be modified from time to time by Landlord. Specialty Alterations: Alterations consisting of kitchens, pantries, executive bathrooms, raised computer floors, computer installations, safe deposit boxes, vaults, libraries or file rooms requiring reinforcement of floors, internal staircases, conveyors, dumbwaiters, and other Alterations of a similar character. Substantial Completion: As to any construction performed by any party in the Premises, including the Initial Installations, any Alterations or Landlord's Work, "Substantial Completion" or "Substantially Completed" means that such work has been completed, as reasonably determined by Landlord's architect, in accordance with (a) the provisions of this Lease applicable thereto, (b) the plans and specifications for such work, and (c) all applicable Requirements, except for minor details of construction, decoration and mechanical adjustments, if any, the non-completion of which does not materially interfere with Tenant's use of the Premises or which, in accordance with good construction practice, should be completed after the completion of other work to be performed in the Premises ("Punch List Items"). Superior Lease(s): Any ground or underlying lease of the Real Property or any part thereof heretofore or hereafter made by Landlord and all renewals, extensions, supplements, amendments, modifications, consolidations, and replacements thereof. Tenant Delay: Any delay which results from any act or omission of any Tenant Party, including delays due to changes in or additions to, or interference with any work to be done by Landlord, or delays by Tenant in submission of information approving working drawings or estimates or giving authorizations or approvals. Tenant Party: Any of Tenant, any Affiliate of Tenant, any subtenant or any other occupant of the Premises, or any of their respective direct or indirect partners, officers, shareholders, directors, members, trustees, beneficiaries, employees, principals, contractors, licensees, invitees, visitors, servants, agents, or representatives. Tenant's Property: Tenant's movable fixtures and movable partitions, telephone and other equipment, computer systems, trade fixtures, furniture, furnishings, and other items of personal property which are removable without material damage to the Premises or Building. Unavoidable Delays: Landlord's inability to fulfill or delay in fulfilling any of its obligations under this Lease expressly or impliedly to be performed by Landlord or Landlord's inability to make or delay in making any repairs, additions, alterations, improvements or decorations or Landlord's inability to supply or delay in supplying any equipment or fixtures, if Landlord's inability or delay is due to or arises by reason of strikes, 6 labor troubles or by accident, or by any cause whatsoever beyond Landlord's reasonable control, including Requirements, laws, governmental preemption in connection with a national emergency, shortages, or unavailability of labor, fuel, steam, water, electricity or materials, or delays caused by Tenant or other tenants, mechanical breakdown, acts of God, enemy action, civil commotion, fire or other casualty. 7 EXHIBIT C LANDLORD'S WORK The following work (unless otherwise specifically provided herein) shall be of material, manufacture, design, capacity, quality, finish and color of the standard adopted by Landlord for the Building and, where quantities are hereinafter specified, such quantities shall include any existing installations to the extent useable and used in the performance of such work. 1. Demolish the existing tenant installations in the Premises. 2. Provide copies of the ACP-5 certificates for the demolition work described in item 1 above. 3. Demise the 24th Floor Premises. 4. Provide sprinkler OS&Y valve on each floor of the Building on which the Premises is located. 5. Provide a point or points of connection for Tenant's class E fire alarm system in compliance with Requirements in a location designated by Landlord. 6. Repair damaged perimeter fan coils, as required. 7. Fireproof exposed structural steel columns and beams in the Premises where required. 8. Install new exterior windows in the Premises. Landlord shall not be obligated to install the new clear-glass lot line windows until Tenant completes the installation of the sprinkler system in the Premises in compliance with Requirements applicable to clear-glass lot line windows. EXHIBIT D HVAC SPECIFICATIONS The HVAC System shall be capable of maintaining 75 degrees Fahrenheit plus or minus 2 degrees and 50% humidity (no humidity control), when outdoor conditions are 92 degrees Fahrenheit dry bulb and 73 degrees Fahrenheit wet bulb. The HVAC System shall be capable of maintaining 70 degrees Fahrenheit when outdoor temperature is 15 degrees dry bulb. The HVAC System is designed based upon (1) electrical usage of 4 watts per usable square foot for all purposes (lighting and power), (2) occupancy rate of one person per 150 usable square feet, (3) the provision of 20 CFM of outside air ventilation per person, (4) ail windows in the Premises being closed and (5) shades fully drawn and partially closed. EXHIBIT E CLEANING SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL CLEANING NIGHTLY General Offices: 1. All hard surfaced flooring to be swept using approved dustdown preparation. 2. Carpet sweep all carpets, moving only light furniture (desks, file cabinets, etc. not to be moved). 3. Hand dust and wipe clean all furniture, fixtures and window sills. 4. Empty all waste receptacles and remove wastepaper. 5. Wash clean all Building water fountains and coolers. 6. Sweep all private stairways. Lavatories: 1. Sweep and wash all floors, using proper disinfectants. 2. Wash and polish all mirrors, shelves, bright work and enameled surfaces. 3. Wash and disinfect all basins, bowls and urinals. 4. Wash all toilet seats. 5. Hand dust and clean all partitions, tile walls, dispensers and receptacles in lavatories and restrooms. 6. Empty paper receptacles, fill receptacles from tenant supply and remove wastepaper. 7. Fill toilet tissue holders from tenant supply. 8. Empty and clean sanitary disposal receptacles. WEEKLY 1. Vacuum all carpeting and rugs. 2. Dust all door louvers and other ventilating louvers within a person's normal reach. 3. Wipe clean all brass and other bright work. QUARTERLY High dust premises complete including the following: 1. Dust all pictures, frames, charts, graphs and similar wall hangings not reached in nightly cleaning. 2. Dust all vertical surfaces, such as walls, partitions, doors, bucks and other surfaces not reached in nightly cleaning. 3. Dust all venetian blinds. 4. Wash all windows. 2 EXHIBIT F RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. No awnings or other projections shall be attached to the outside walls of the Building. No curtains, blinds, shades, screens or other obstructions shall be attached to or hung in or used in connection with any exterior window or entry door of the Premises, without the prior written consent of Landlord. 2. No sign, advertisement, notice or other lettering shall be exhibited, inscribed, painted or affixed to any part of the outside of the Premises or Building or on the inside of the Premises if the same can be seen from the outside of the Premises without the prior written consent of Landlord. Lettering on doors, if and when approved by Landlord, shall be inscribed, painted or affixed for Tenant in a size, color and style acceptable to Landlord. 3. The grills, louvers, skylights, windows and doors that reflect or admit light and/or air into the Premises, halls, passageways or other public places in the Building shall not be covered or obstructed by Tenant, nor shall any bottles, parcels or other article be placed on the window sills, radiators or convectors. 4. Landlord shall have the right to prohibit any advertising by Tenant which, in Landlord's opinion, tends to impair the reputation of the Building or its desirability as a Building for offices, and upon written notice from Landlord, Tenant shall refrain from or discontinue such advertising. 5. The sidewalks, entrances, passages, courts, elevators, vestibules, stairways, corridors or halls shall not be obstructed or encumbered by Tenant or used for any purpose other than ingress or egress to and from the Premises and for delivery of merchandise, equipment and other personal property in prompt and efficient manner, using elevators and passageways designated for such delivery by Landlord. 6. Except in those areas designated by Tenant as "security areas", all locks or bolts of any kind shall be operable by the Grand Master Key. No locks shall be placed upon any of the doors or windows by Tenant, nor shall any changes be made in locks or the mechanism thereof which shall make such locks inoperable by said Grand Master Key. Tenant shall, upon the termination of its tenancy, turn over to Landlord all keys of stores, offices and toilet rooms, either furnished to or otherwise procured by Tenant and in the event of the loss of any keys furnished by Landlord, Tenant shall pay to Landlord the cost thereof. 7. Tenant shall keep the entrance door to the Premises closed at all times. 8. All removals or the carrying in or out of any freight, furniture, packages, boxes, crates or any other object or matter of any description must take place during Building standard hours. Landlord reserves the right to inspect all objects and matter to be brought into the Building and to exclude from the Building all objects and matter which violates any of these Rules and Regulations or the lease of which these Rules and Regulations are a part. Landlord may require that any person leaving the public areas of the Building with any package, object or matter submit a pass, listing each package, object or matter being removed, but the establishment and enforcement of such requirement shall not impose any responsibility on Landlord for the protection of Tenant against the removal of property from the Premises. 9. There shall not be used in any space or in the public halls of the Building, either by Tenant or by jobbers or any others in the moving or delivery or receipt of safes, freight, furniture, packages, boxes, crates, paper, office material or any other matter or thing, any hand trucks except those equipped with rubber tires, side guards and such other safeguards as Landlord requires. 10. None of Tenant's employees, visitors or contractors shall be permitted to have access to the Building's roof, mechanical, electrical or telephone rooms without permission from Landlord. 11. Tenant shall not make or permit to be made, any unseemly or disturbing noises or disturb or interfere with occupants of this or neighboring Buildings or premises or those having business with them. 12. Tenant shall not lay floor tile, or other similar floor covering so that the same shall come in direct contact with the floor of the Premises and, if such floor covering is desired to be used, an interlining of builder's deadening felt shall be first affixed to the floor by a paste or other material, soluble in water, the use of cement or other similar adhesive material being expressly prohibited. 13. Neither Tenant nor any of Tenant's servants, employees, agents, visitors or licensees shall at any time bring or keep upon the Premises any hazardous material, inflammable, combustible or explosive fluid, chemical or substance except such minimal quantities as are incidental to normal office occupancy. 14. Tenant shall not use or keep, or permit to be used or kept, any hazardous or toxic materials or any foul or noxious gas or substance in the Premises, permit or suffer the Premises to be occupied or used in a manner offensive or objectionable to Landlord or other occupants of the Building by reason of noise, odors, vibrations or interfere in any way with other tenants or those having business therein. 2 15. Tenant shall not cause or permit any odors of cooking or other processes or any unusual or objectionable odors to emanate from the Premises which would annoy other tenants or create a public or private nuisance. 16. Except as specifically provided in the Lease, Tenant shall not do any cooking or conduct any restaurant, luncheonette or cafeteria for the sale or service of food or beverages to its employees or to others. 17. Tenant may, at its sale cost and expense and subject to compliance with all applicable requirements of the Lease, install and maintain vending machines for the exclusive use by Tenant, its officers, employees and business guests, provided that each machine, where necessary, shall have a waterproof pan thereunder and be connected to a drain. Tenant shall not permit the delivery of any food or beverage to the Premises, except by persons approved by Landlord, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. 18. Tenant shall not employ any person or persons other than the janitor of Landlord for the purpose of cleaning the Premises, unless otherwise agreed to by Landlord in writing. Tenant shall not cause any unnecessary labor by reason of Tenant's carelessness or indifference in the preservation of good order and cleanliness. 19. Tenant shall store all its trash, garbage and recyclables within its Premises. No material shall be disposed of which may result in a violation of any law or ordinance governing such disposal. All garbage and refuse disposal shall be made only through entry ways and elevators provided for such purposes and at such times as Landlord shall designate. Tenant shall use Building's hauler. 20. Tenant shall, at its expense, provide artificial light for the employees of Landlord while doing janitor service or other cleaning, and in making repairs or alterations in the Premises. 21. Tenant shall not mark, paint, drill into or in any way deface any part of the Premises or the Building, except with the prior written consent of Landlord in the case of the Premises, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. No boring, cutting or stringing of wires shall be permitted, except with prior written consent of Landlord, and as Landlord may direct. 22. The water and wash closets and other plumbing fixtures shall not be used for any purposes other than those for which they were constructed and no sweepings, rubbish, rags, acids or other substances shall be deposited therein. All damages resulting from any misuse of the fixtures shall be borne by Tenant who or whose servants, employees, agents, visitors or licensees shall have caused the same. 3 23. Tenant, before closing and leaving the Premises at any time, shall see that all lights, water, faucets, etc. are turned off. All entrance doors in the Premises shall be left locked by Tenant when the Premises are not in use. 24. No bicycles, in-line roller skates, vehicles or animals of any kind (except for seeing eye dogs) shall be brought into or kept by Tenant in or about the Premises or the Building. 25. Canvassing, soliciting and peddling in the Building is prohibited and Tenant shall cooperate to prevent the same. 26. The Premises shall not be used for lodging or sleeping or for an immoral or illegal purposes. 27. The Premises shall not be used for manufacturing, for the storage of merchandise, or for the sale of merchandise, goods or property of any kind at auction or otherwise, except as specifically permitted by the Lease. 28. Tenant shall not occupy or permit any portion of the Premises as an office for a public stenographer or public typist or for the possession, storage, manufacture of sale of narcotics, dope or tobacco in any form or as a barber or manicure shop or as an employment bureau. Tenant shall not engage or pay any employees on the Premises, except those actually working for Tenant on the Premises, nor advertise for labor giving an address at the Premises. 29. Tenant shall not accept barbering or bootblacking services in the Premises, from any company or persons not approved by Landlord, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, and at hours and under regulations other than as reasonably fixed by Landlord. 30. The requirements of Tenant will be attended to only upon written application at the office of the building, except in the event of any emergency condition. Employees of Landlord or Landlord's agents shall not perform any work or do anything outside of the regular duties, unless under special instructions from the office of Landlord or in response to an emergency condition. 31. Tenant shall be responsible for the delivery and pick up of all mail from the United States Post office. 32. Landlord reserves the right to exclude from the Building between the hours of 6 P.M. and 8 AM. and at all hours on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays observed by the Building all persons who do not present a pass to the Building signed or approved by Landlord, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. Tenant shall be responsible 4 for all persons for whom a pass shall be issued at the request of Tenant and shall be liable to Landlord for all acts of such persons. 33. In accordance with the alteration section of the Lease, Landlord is entitled to review and approve architectural and engineering drawings. The review/alteration of Tenant drawings and/or specifications by Tishman Speyer Properties and any of its representative is not intended to verify Tenant's engineering or design requirements and/or solutions. The review/alteration is performed to determine compatibility with the Building Systems and lease conditions. 34. Tenant renovations are to be performed by those contractors and subcontractors on the Landlord's approved contractor's list, adhere to the Building's applicable Standard Operating Procedures, be compatible with Building Class E System and other common systems, etc. 35. Landlord may waive anyone or more of these Rules and Regulations for the benefit of any particular tenant or tenants, but no such waiver by Landlord shall be construed as a waiver of such Rules and Regulations in favor of any other tenant or tenants, nor prevent Landlord from thereafter enforcing any such Rules and Regulations against any or all of the tenants of the Building. 36. Landlord shall not be responsible to Tenant or to any other person for the non-observance or violation of these Rules and Regulations by any other tenant or other person. Tenant shall be deemed to have read the Rules and Regulations and to have agreed to abide by them as a condition to its occupancy of the Premises. 37. These Rules and Regulations are in addition to, and shall not be constructed to in any way modify or amend, in whole or in part, the terms, covenants, agreements and conditions of the Lease. 5 EXHIBIT G SUBORDINATION, NON-DISTURBANCE AND ATTORNMENT AGREEMENT THIS SUBORDINATION, NON-DISTURBANCE AND ATTORNMENT AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") made as of the __ day of , 2000, by and among SUNAMERICA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, an Arizona corporation, its successors or assigns ("Lender"), ___________ a _____________ ("Tenant"), and TST 300 PARK, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("Landlord"). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Lender has agreed to make a loan (the "Loan") in the maximum principal amount of $168,000,000.00 to Landlord; WHEREAS, the Loan will be evidenced by a promissory note (the "Note") dated as of June 15, 1999 made by Landlord to order of Lender and was secured by, among other things, that certain Agreement of Confirmation Reaffirmation, Consolidation and Modification of Mortgage and Note dated as of June 15, 1999 (the "Mortgage") made by Landlord to Lender covering the land (the "Land") described on Schedule A hereto and all improvements (the "Improvements") now or hereafter located on the land (the Land and the Improvements hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Mortgaged Property"); and WHEREAS, by a lease dated as of , 2000 (which lease, as the same may have been amended and supplemented, is hereinafter called the "Lease"), Landlord leased to Tenant approximately square feet of space located in the Improvements (the "Premises"); and WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to make the Lease subject and subordinate to the Mortgage. NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto, in consideration of the covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, hereby agree as follows: 1. The Lease, as the same may hereafter be modified, amended or extended, and all of Tenant's right, title and interest in and to the Premises and all rights, remedies and options of Tenant under the Lease, are and shall be unconditionally subject and subordinate to the Mortgage and the lien thereof, to all the terms, conditions and provisions of the Mortgage, to each and every advance made or hereafter made under the Mortgage, and to all renewals, modifications, consolidations, replacements, substitutions and extensions of the Mortgage, so that at all times the Mortgage shall be and remain a lien on the Mortgaged Property prior and superior to the Lease for all purposes; provided, however, and Lender agrees, that so long as (A) no event has occurred and no condition exists, which would entitle Landlord to terminate the Lease or would cause, without further action of Landlord, the termination of the Lease or would entitle Landlord to dispossess Tenant from the Premises, (B) the term of the Lease has commenced and Tenant is in possession of the Premises, (C) the Lease shall be in full force and effect and shall not have been otherwise modified or supplemented in any way without Lender's prior written consent, (D) Tenant shall duly confirm its attornment to Lender or its successor or assign by written instrument as set forth in Paragraph 3 hereof, (E) neither Lender nor its successors or assigns shall be liable under any warranty of construction contained in the Lease or any implied warranty of construction, and (F) all representations and warranties made herein by Tenant shall be true and correct as of the date of such attornment; then, and in such event Tenant's leasehold estate under the Lease shall not be terminated, Tenant's possession of the Premises shall not be disturbed by Lender and Lender will accept the attornment of Tenant. 2. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Lease, Tenant hereby agrees that in the event of any act, omission or default by Landlord or Landlord's agents, employees, contractors, licensees or invitees which would give Tenant the right, either immediately or after the lapse of a period of time, to terminate the Lease, or to claim a partial or total eviction, or to reduce the rent payable thereunder or credit or offset any amounts against future rents payable thereunder, Tenant will not exercise any such right (i) until it has given written notice of such act, omission or default to Lender by delivering notice of such act, omission or default, in accordance with Paragraph 8 hereof, and (ii) until a period of not less than sixty (60) days for remedying such act, omission or default shall have elapsed following the giving of such notice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of any default of Landlord which cannot be cured within such sixty (60) day period, if Lender shall within such period proceed promptly to cure the same (including such time as may be necessary to acquire possession of the Premises if possession is necessary to effect such cure) and thereafter shall prosecute the curing of such default with diligence, then the time within which such default may be cured by Lender shall be extended for such period as may be necessary to complete the curing of the same with diligence. Lender's cure of Landlord's default shall not be considered an assumption by Lender of Landlord's other obligations under the Lease. Unless Lender otherwise agrees in writing, Landlord shall remain solely liable to perform Landlord's obligations under the Lease (but only to the extent required by and subject to the limitation included with the Lease), both before and after Lender's exercise of any right or remedy under this Agreement. If Lender or any successor or assign becomes obligated to perform as Landlord under the Lease, such person or entity will be released from those obligations when such person or entity assigns, sells or otherwise transfers its interest in the Premises or the Mortgaged Property. 2 3. Without limitation of any of the provisions of the Lease, in the event that Lender succeeds to the interest of Landlord or any successor to Landlord, then subject to the provisions of this Agreement including, without limitation, Paragraph 1 above, the Lease shall nevertheless continue in full force and effect and Tenant shall and does hereby agree to attorn to and accept Lender and to recognize Lender as its Landlord under the Lease for the then remaining balance of the term thereof, and upon request of Lender, Tenant shall execute and deliver to Lender an agreement of attornment reasonably satisfactory to Lender. 4. If Lender succeeds to the interest of Landlord or any successor to Landlord, in no event shall Lender have any liability for any act or omission of any prior landlord under the Lease which occurs prior to the date Lender succeeds to the rights of Landlord under the Lease, nor any liability for claims, offsets or defenses which Tenant might have had against Landlord. In no event shall Lender have any personal liability as successor to Landlord and Tenant shall look only to the estate and property of Lender in the Land and the Improvements for the satisfaction of Tenant's remedies for the collection of a judgment (or other judicial process) requiring the payment of money in the event of any default by Lender as Landlord under the Lease, and no other property or assets of Lender shall be subject to levy, execution or other enforcement procedure for the satisfaction of Tenant's remedies under or with respect to the Lease. 5. Tenant agrees that no prepayment of rent or additional rent due under the Lease of more than one month in advance, and no amendment, modification, surrender or cancellation of the Lease, and no waiver or consent by Landlord under the terms of the Lease, shall be binding upon or as against Lender, as holder of the Mortgage, and as Landlord under the Lease if it succeeds to that position, unless consented to in writing by Lender. In addition, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, Tenant agrees that Lender, as holder of the Mortgage, and as Landlord under the Lease if it succeeds to that position, shall in no event have any liability for the performance or completion of any initial work or installations or for any loan or contribution or rent concession towards initial work, which are required to be made by Landlord (A) under the Lease or under any related Lease documents or (B) for any space which may hereafter become part of said Premises, and any such requirement shall be inoperative in the event Lender succeeds to the position of Landlord prior to the completion or performance thereof. Tenant further agrees with Lender that Tenant will not voluntarily subordinate the Lease to any lien or encumbrance without Lender's prior written consent. 3 6. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute and be construed as one and the same instrument. 7. All remedies which Lender may have against Landlord provided herein, if any, are cumulative and shall be in addition to any and all other rights and remedies provided by law and by other agreements between Lender and Landlord or others. If any party consists of multiple individuals or entities, each of same shall be jointly and severally liable for the obligations of such party hereunder. 8. All notices to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed served upon receipt by the addressee if served personally or, if mailed, upon the first to occur of receipt or the refusal of delivery as shown on a return receipt, after deposit in the United States Postal Service certified mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the address of Landlord, Tenant or Lender appearing below, or, if sent by telegram, when delivered by or refused upon attempted delivery by the telegraph office. Such addresses may be changed by notice given in the same manner. If any party consists of multiple individuals or entities, then notice to anyone of same shall be deemed notice to such party. Lender's Address: One SunAmerica Center Century City Los Angeles, California 90067 Attention: William Petak Tenant's Address: ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- Attention: _________________ 4 Landlord's Address: c/o Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. 520 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10022 Attention: General Counsel 9. This Agreement shall be interpreted and construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York. 10. This Agreement shall apply to, bind and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. As used herein "Lender" shall include any subsequent holder of the Mortgage. 11. Tenant acknowledges that Landlord has assigned to Lender its right, title and interest in the Lease and to the rents, issues and profits of the Mortgaged Property and the Property pursuant to the Mortgage, and that Landlord has been granted the license to collect such rents provided no Event of Default has occurred under, and as defined in, the Mortgage. Tenant agrees to pay all rents and other amounts due under the Lease directly to Lender upon receipt of written demand by Lender, and Landlord hereby consents thereto. The assignment of the Lease to Lender, or the collection of rents by Lender pursuant to such assignment, shall not obligate Lender to perform Landlord's obligations under the Lease. 5 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written. LENDER: SUNAMERICA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, an Arizona corporation By: --------------------------- Name: ------------------------- Title: ------------------------ LANDLORD: TST 300 PARK, L.P., a Delaware Limited Partnership By: TST 300 Park Corp., its general partner By: --------------------------- Name: ------------------------- Title: ------------------------ TENANT: , a ---------------- ----------- By: --------------------------- Name: ------------------------- Title: ------------------------ 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT STATE OF CALIFORNIA ) ) s.s.: COUNTY OF ___________ ) On this __ day of , in the year 2000 before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public in and for said State, personally appeared ______, personally known to me or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the individual(s) whose name(s) is (are) subscribed to the within instrument on behalf of SunAmerica Life Insurance Company and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument, the individual(s), or the person upon behalf of which the individual(s) acted, executed the instrument. ------------------------------ Notary PublicACKNOWLEDGMENT STATE OF NEW YORK ) ) s.s.: COUNTY OF NEW YORK ) On this __ day of December, in the year 2000 before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public in and for said State, personally appeared ________ ______________ , personally known to me or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the individual(s) whose name(s) is (are) subscribed to the within instrument on behalf of and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument, the individual(s), or the person upon behalf of which the individual(s) acted, executed the instrument. ------------------------------ Notary PublicACKNOWLEDGMENT STATE OF NEW YORK ) ) s.s.: COUNTY OF NEW YORK ) On this __ day of , in the year 2000 before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public in and for said State, personally appeared _______________, personally known to me or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the individual(s) whose name(s) is (are) subscribed to the within instrument on behalf of TST 300 Park, L.P. and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument, the individual(s), or the person upon behalf of which the individual(s) acted, executed the instrument. ------------------------------ Notary PublicSCHEDULE A DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND ALL THAT CERTAIN plot, piece or parcel of land, situate, lying and being in the Borough of Manhattan, City, County and State of New York bounded and described as follows: BEGINNING at the corner formed by the intersection of the northerly side of East 49th Street with the westerly side of Park Avenue; RUNNING THENCE westerly along the northerly side of East 49th Street, 211 feet; THENCE northerly parallel with Park Avenue and part of the way through a party wall 100 feet 5 inches to the center line of the block; THENCE easterly along the center line of the block, 83 feet; THENCE northerly again parallel with Park Avenue part of the way through a party wall, 100 feet 5 inches to the southerly side of East 50th Street; THENCE easterly along the southerly side of East 50th Street, 128 feet to the corner formed by the intersection of the southerly side of East 50th Street and the westerly side of Park Avenue; THENCE southerly along the westerly side of Park Avenue, 200 feet 10 inches to the point or place of BEGINNING.
Exhibit 10.11 FIRST AMENDMENT OF LEASE AGREEMENT dated as of June 15, 2000 between TST 300 PARK, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("Landlord"), c/o Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P., 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, and GREENHILL & CO. LLC, a New York limited liability company ("Tenant"), having an office at 31 West 52nd Street, New York, New York 10019. RECITAL Landlord and Tenant entered into a certain Lease made as of February 18, 2000 (the "Lease"), covering the entirety of the 23rd and a portion of the 24th floors of 300 Park Avenue, New York, New York (the "Building"), as more particularly described in the Lease. The parties now wish to amend the Lease (a) to include as part of the space demised thereunder the remainder of the 24th floor of the Building (the "Added Space"), and (b) in other respects set forth below. Accordingly, in consideration of the understandings set forth in this Agreement, the parties covenant and agree as follows: 1. All capitalized words and phrases not defined in this Agreement shall have the same meanings as in the Lease. 2. This Agreement shall amend the Lease in the respects set forth below as of the date hereof (the "Effective Date"). 3. Article 1 of the Lease is modified to read in its entirety as follows: "ARTICLE 1 BASIC LEASE PROVISIONS PREMISES The entire 23rd floor (the "23rd Floor Premises") and the entire 24th floor (the "24th Floor Premises" and, together with the 23rd Floor Premises, collectively the "Premises") of the Building, substantially as shown on Exhibits A-1 and A-2, respectively. BUILDING The building, fixtures, equipment and other improvements and appurtenances now located or hereafter erected, located or placed upon the land known as 300 Park Avenue and 45 East 49th Street, New York, New York. REAL PROPERTY The Building, together with the plot of land upon which it stands. COMMENCEMENT DATE The date on or after July 1, 2000 which is the earlier to occur of (a) the date upon which items 1, 2 and 3 of Landlord's Work (the "Pre-Delivery Work") shall be Substantially Completed in accordance with the terms of this Lease, and (b) the date Tenant (or any person claiming by, through or under Tenant) occupies any part of the Premises for the conduct of its business. RENT COMMENCEMENT DATE The date which is the 113th day after the Commencement Date. EXPIRATION DATE The date which is the last day of the month in which the tenth anniversary of the Commencement Date occurs or, if the term of this Lease shall be extended in accordance with any express provision hereof, the last day of any renewal or extended term. TERM The period commencing on the Commencement Date and ending on the Expiration Date. PERMITTED USES Executive and general offices for the transaction of Tenant's business and uses incidentally related thereto. BASE TAX YEAR The Tax Year commencing on July 1, 2000 and ending on June 30, 2001. BASE EXPENSE YEAR Calendar year 2000. TENANT'S PROPORTIONATE (a) As to Operating Expenses: 2 3SHARE 4.326 percent. (b) As to Taxes: 4.147 percent. AGREED AREA OF BUILDING (a) As to Operating Expenses: 695,298 rentable square feet. (b) As to Taxes: 725,280 rentable square feet. AGREED AREA OF PREMISES (a) As to the 23rd Floor Premises: 18,614 rentable square feet; (b) As to the 24th Floor Premises: 11,465 rentable square feet, comprising 30,079 rentable square feet in the aggregate, which rentable square footage has been mutually determined by Landlord and Tenant for purposes of this Lease and Landlord makes no representation whatsoever as to the actual square feet contained in the Premises or the Building or any portions thereof but the Agreed Area of Building was calculated on a basis consistent with the calculation of the Agreed Area of Premises. FIXED RENT (i) $1,944,740.00 per annum ($162,061.67 per month) for the period commencing on the Rent Commencement Date and ending on the day preceding the 5th anniversary of the Commencement Date, both dates inclusive; and (ii) $2,100,056.00 per annum ($175,004.67 per month) for the period commencing on the 5th anniversary of the Commencement Date and ending on the Expiration Date, both dates inclusive. ADDITIONAL RENT All sums other than Fixed Rent payable by Tenant to Landlord under this Lease, including Tenant's Tax Payment, Tenant's Operating Payment, late charges, overtime or excess service charges, and interest and other costs related to Tenant's failure to perform any of its obligations under this Lease. RENT Fixed Rent and Additional Rent, collectively. INTEREST RATE The lesser of (i) four percent per annum above the then current Base Rate charged by Citibank, N.A. or its successor, or (ii) the maximum rate permitted by applicable law. SECURITY DEPOSIT $1,944,740.00, which amount is subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 35.5. BROKER Insignia/ESG, Inc. LANDLORD'S AGENT Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. or any other person designated at any time and from time to time by Landlord as Landlord's Agent and their successors and assigns. LANDLORD'S CONTRIBUTION $904,345. All capitalized terms used in the text of this Lease without definition are defined in this Article 1 or in Exhibit B." 4. From and after the Commencement Date and subject to the provisions of this Section, Landlord shall provide Tenant with 15 tons of condenser water to the Added Space from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. on Business Days and all other times on non-Business Days, in accordance with Section 11.7 of the Lease (including, but not limited to, payment for such water and related "tap-in" fee and reduction of tonnage) provided that Tenant demonstrates the need (in Landlord's sole judgment) for such condenser water. If, in Landlord's sole judgment, Tenant's requirements for such condenser water shall necessitate installation of an additional water tower, 4piping or other proper and necessary equipment, the same shall, at Tenant's request, be installed by Landlord (provided, without limitation, that (i) such installation is practicable, (ii) such additional water tower, piping or other equipment is permissible under applicable laws and insurance regulations, and (iii) the installation of such water tower, piping or other equipment will not cause permanent damage or injury to the Building or the Premises, cause or create a dangerous or hazardous condition, excessive or unreasonable alterations, interfere with or disturb other tenants or occupants of the Building or prevent Landlord from allocating condenser water to future or present tenants of the Building) and any cost thereof or any cost associated in any way with the provision of such condenser water to Tenant shall be paid by Tenant. Any such costs incurred by Landlord shall be paid by Tenant within 30 days after the rendition of a bill therefor. 5. As of the date hereof, Section 11.7 of the Lease shall be amended by inserting the words "on Business Days and all other times on non-Business Days" after the reference to "from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m." contained in the first sentence thereof. 6. Within one year after the Commencement Date, Tenant may request that an additional level of capacity to accommodate a demand load of up to 3 watts of electricity per useable square foot of the Premises be made available to Tenant, provided that Tenant demonstrates the need (in Landlord's sole judgment) for such additional electrical capacity. Landlord, in Landlord's sole judgment shall determine if the same is available through the existing Building facilities and, if and to the extent the same is so available, Landlord shall furnish same to Tenant. If, in Landlord's sole judgment, Tenant's requirements for electricity shall necessitate installation of an additional riser, risers or other proper and necessary equipment, the same shall, at Tenant's request, be installed by Landlord (provided, without limitation, that (i) such installation is practicable, (ii) such additional feeders and risers are permissible under applicable laws and insurance regulations, and (iii) the installation of such feeders or risers will not cause permanent damage or injury to the Building or the Premises, cause or create a dangerous or hazardous condition, excessive or unreasonable alterations, interfere with or disturb other tenants or occupants of the Building, prevent Landlord from allocating electricity to future or present tenants of the Building, or exceed the limits of the switchgear) and any cost thereof and any cost associated in any way with the provision of such additional electrical capacity to Tenant shall be paid by Tenant. Any such costs incurred by Landlord shall be paid by Tenant within 30 days after the rendition of a bill therefor. If Tenant fails to utilize any excess electric capacity for one year or more, Landlord shall have the right at any time to reduce the electric capacity available to Tenant to the maximum electric capacity previously and ordinarily used by Tenant but in no event to less than the electric capacity set forth in Section 16.1 of the Lease. 7. (a) Landlord has retained Landlord's Agent as leasing agent in connection with the Lease and this Agreement each in respect of the Added Space and Landlord will be solely responsible for any fee that may be payable to Landlord's Agent. Each of Landlord and Tenant represents and warrants to the other that it has not dealt with any broker in connection with the Lease and this Agreement each in respect of the Added Space other than Insignia/ESG, Inc. and that to the best of its knowledge and belief, no other broker, finder or like entity 5 procured or negotiated the Lease and this Agreement each in respect of the Added Space or is entitled to any fee or commission in connection herewith. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by each party shall be conclusive evidence that each party has relied upon the foregoing representations and warranties. (b) Each of Landlord and Tenant shall indemnify, defend and hold the other party harmless from and against any and all costs, expenses, claims and liabilities (including reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements) which the indemnified party may incur by reason of any claim of or liability to any broker, finder or like agent (other than Insignia/ESG, Inc.) arising out of any dealings claimed to have occurred between the indemnifying party and the claimant in connection with the Lease and this Agreement each in respect of the Added Space, and/or the above representation being false. The provisions of this Section shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Agreement or the Lease. 8. Each reference to "$1,207,584", "$805,056", and "$402,528" contained in Sections 35.5(c) and (b) of the Lease is deleted and reference to "$1,458,555", "$972,370" and "$486,185" are substituted therefor, respectively, in each case as applicable. 9. As of the Effective Date, Exhibit A-2 is deleted from the Lease and Exhibit A-2 attached hereto is substituted therefor. 10. Sections 36.2 and 36.3 of the Lease are incorporated in this Agreement as if set forth herein at length, except that each reference therein to "this Lease", hereunder and words of similar import shall mean this Agreement. 11. Tenant represents and warrants to Landlord that (a) Tenant knows of no defense or counterclaim to the enforcement of the Lease; (b) Tenant is not entitled to any reduction, offset or abatement of the rent payable under the Lease; (c) Tenant is not in default of any of its obligations or covenants, and has not breached any of its representations or warranties, under the Lease; and (d) Tenant knows of no default by Landlord under the Lease. 12. (a) Except as amended hereby, the Lease shall remain unmodified and in full force and effect and is hereby ratified and confirmed. All reference in the Lease to the "Lease" shall mean the Lease as modified by this Agreement. (b) Each of Landlord and Tenant represents and warrants to the other party that the execution of this Agreement by such party is duly authorized and that this Agreement is binding on it. (c) Each of Landlord and Tenant acknowledges that this Agreement shall not be binding upon either party until each party shall have executed this Agreement and a fully executed counterpart of this Agreement shall have been delivered to each party unconditionally. (d) This Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of the parties hereto. 6 (e) The Lease, as amended by this Agreement, and the rights and obligations of the parties thereunder and hereunder shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed wholly within such state. (f) This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended, waived, discharged or terminated except by a writing signed by each of the parties hereto. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the day and year first above written. TST 300 PARK, L.P, Landlord By: TST 300 Park Corp., its general partner By: /s/ Andrew J. Nathan ----------------------------------------- Name: Andrew J. Nathan Title: Vice President GREENHILL & CO., LLC By: /s/ Jeffrey P. Williams ----------------------------------------- Name: Jeffrey P. Williams Title: Managing Director 7 EXHIBIT A-2 [attached hereto] [Graphic Omitted] 8 TST 300 PARK, L.P. BY OVERNIGHT MAIL October 24, 2001 Greenhill & Co. LLC 300 Park Avenue New York, NY 10022 Attn: James Wildasin Dear Mr. Wildasin: Reference is made to the Lease between TST 300 Park, L.P. ("Landlord") and Greenhill & Co. LLC ("Tenant"), dated February 18, 2000 as amended (the "Lease"). All capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in the Lease. When the Lease was entered into, Landlord owned both 300 Park Avenue and the neighboring building located at 45 East 49th Street (now an ING bank branch). Since both buildings were part of the same tax lot, the Taxes and Tenant's Proportionate Share used to calculate Tenant's Tax Payment included the real estate taxes attributable to 45 East 49th Street. On June 26, 2000, Landlord sold 45 East 49th Street, which comprised 4,851 square feet, to a third party. Following the closing of this transaction, the tax lot was split, resulting in 45 East 49th Street having its own tax lot separate from 300 Park Avenue's tax lot. Accordingly, we would like to confirm with you the following items in order for the Lease to reflect this transaction: (1) The Building will no longer include 45 East 49th Street; (2) Tenant's Proportionate Share for Taxes shall be 4.175%; and (3) The Agreed Area of Building for Taxes shall be 720,429 rentable square feet. We have adjusted the Taxes payable for the Base Tax Year to exclude the real estate taxes attributable to 45 East 49th Street, which adjustment is based on an unofficial apportionment issued by the New York City Department of Finance. We expect this apportionment to be finalized by July 2002 with no further adjustments. A statement setting forth our estimate of Tenant's Tax Payment for the 01/02 fiscal tax year is enclosed. As 45 East 49th Street was excluded from Tenant's Proportionate Share and Agreed Area of Building relating to Operating Expenses, no modifications to those provisions are necessary. Page 2 of 2 If the foregoing meets with your approval, please sign the enclosed copy of this letter in the place indicated below and return it to us. If you have questions regarding this matter, please call Dianna Mounsey at (212) 715-0123. Very truly yours, TST 300 PARK, L.P. By: TST 300 Park Corp., its general partner By: /s/ Paul A. Galiano ------------------------------ Name: Paul A. Galiano Title: Vice President ACCEPTED AND AGREED TO: GREENHILL & CO. LLC By: /s/ Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. -------------------------------- Name: Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. Title: Chief Financial Officer
Exhibit 10.12 ================================================================================ TST 300 PARK, L.P., Landlord and MCCARTER & ENGLISH, LLP, Tenant ---------- LEASE ---------- Premises: The Entire Eighteenth Floor 300 Park Avenue New York, New York Dated: April 21, 2000 ================================================================================ TABLE OF CONTENTS Article 1 Basic Lease Provisions...............................................1 Article 2 Premises, Term, Rent.................................................3 Article 3 Use And Occupancy....................................................5 Article 4 Condition Of The Premises............................................6 Article 5 Alterations..........................................................8 Article 6 Floor Load..........................................................13 Article 7 Repairs.............................................................13 Article 8 Increases In Taxes And Operating Expenses...........................15 Article 9 Requirements Of Law.................................................21 Article 10 Subordination......................................................23 Article 11 Services...........................................................26 Article 12 Insurance; Property Loss Or Damage; Reimbursement..................30 Article 13 Destruction - Fire Or Other Cause..................................32 Article 14 Eminent Domain.....................................................34 Article 15 Assignment And Subletting..........................................36 Article 16 Electricity........................................................45 Article 17 Access To Premises.................................................48 Article 18 Default............................................................50 Article 19 Remedies And Damages...............................................52 Article 20 Landlord's Right To Cure; Fees And Expenses........................55 Article 21 No Representations By Landlord: Landlord's Approval................56 Article 22 End Of Term........................................................57 Article 23 Quiet Enjoyment....................................................58 Article 24 No Surrender; No Waiver............................................58 Article 25 Waiver Of Trial By Jury............................................59 Article 26 Inability To Perform...............................................59 Article 27 Notices............................................................60 Article 28 Rules And Regulations..............................................60 Article 29 Partnership Tenant.................................................61 Article 30 Vault Space........................................................62 Article 31 Broker.............................................................63 Article 32 Indemnity..........................................................63 Article 33 Adjacent Excavation; Shoring.......................................65 Article 34 Tax Status Of Beneficial Owners....................................65 Article 35 Security Deposit...................................................66 Article 36 Miscellaneous......................................................68 Article 37 Renewal Option.....................................................71 Article 38 Arbitration........................................................73 i EXHIBITS: A - Floor Plan B - Definitions C - Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Specifications D - Cleaning Specifications E - Rules and Regulations F - Letter of Credit G -Nondisturbance Agreement ii LEASE LEASE, made as of the 21st day of April, 2000, between TST 300 PARK, L.P. (the "Landlord"), a Delaware limited partnership, having an office c/o Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022 and MCCARTER & ENGLISH, LLP a New Jersey limited liability partnership (the "Tenant"), having an office at Four Gateway Center, 100 Mulberry Street, P. O. Box 652, Newark, New Jersey 07101-0652. Landlord and Tenant hereby covenant and agree as follows: ARTICLE 1 BASIC LEASE PROVISIONS PREMISES The entire eighteenth floor of the Building, substantially as shown on Exhibit A. BUILDING The building, fixtures, equipment and other improvements and appurtenances now located or hereafter erected, located or placed upon the land known as 300 Park Avenue and 45 East 49th Street, New York, New York. REAL PROPERTY The Building, together with the plot of land upon which it stands. COMMENCEMENT DATE The date on or after July 1, 2000 upon which Landlord delivers possession of the Premises to Tenant in accordance with the terms of this Lease. RENT COMMENCEMENT DATE The date which is the four-month anniversary of the Commencement Date. EXPIRATION DATE The date which is the last day of the month in which the tenth anniversary of the Commencement Date occurs or, if the term of this Lease shall be extended in accordance with any express provision hereof, the last day of any renewal or extended term. TERM The period commencing on the Commencement Date and ending on the Expiration Date. 2PERMITTED USES Executive and general offices for the transaction of Tenant's business (including a law firm). As incidental to the foregoing uses and in connection with Tenant's business Tenant may also use portions of the Premises for (a) a mail room; (b) a word processing center; (c) reproduction and copying facilities; (d) computer and communication systems; (e) file rooms; and (f) pantries; BASE TAX YEARS The Tax Year commencing on July 1, 1999 and ending on June 30, 2000 and the Tax Year commencing on July 1, 2000 and ending on June 30, 2001. BASE EXPENSE YEAR Calendar year 2000. TENANT'S PROPORTIONATE SHARE (a) As to Operating Expenses: 2.787 percent. (b) As to Taxes: 2.671 percent. AGREED AREA OF BUILDING (a) As to Operating Expenses: 695,298 rentable square feet. (b) As to Taxes: 725,280 rentable square feet. AGREED AREA OF PREMISES 19,375 rentable square feet, as mutually determined by Landlord and Tenant for purposes of this Lease, without any representation by Landlord whatsoever as to the actual square feet contained in the Premises or the Building or any portions thereof. FIXED RENT (i) $1,288,437.50 per annum ($107,369.79 per month) for the period commencing on the Rent Commencement Date and ending on the day preceding the fifth anniversary of the Commencement Date, both dates inclusive; and (ii) $1,404,687.50 per annum ($117,057.29 per month) for the period commencing on the fifth anniversary of the Commencement Date and ending on the Expiration Date, both dates inclusive. ADDITIONAL RENT All sums other than Fixed Rent payable by Tenant to Landlord under this Lease, including Tenant's Tax Payment, Tenant's Operating Payment, late charges, overtime or excess service charges, and interest and other costs related to Tenant's failure to perform any of its obligations under this Lease. RENT Fixed Rent and Additional Rent, collectively. ELECTRICAL INCLUSION FACTOR $48,437.50. INTEREST RATE The lesser of (i) two percent per annum above the then current Base Rate charged by Citibank, N.A. or its successor, or (ii) the maximum rate permitted by applicable law. SECURITY DEPOSIT $1,550,000. BROKER The Staubach Company. LANDLORD'S AGENT Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. or any other person designated at any time and from time to time by Landlord as Landlord's Agent and their successors and assigns. LANDLORD'S CONTRIBUTION $678,125. All capitalized terms used in the text of this Lease without definition are defined in this Article 1 or in Exhibit B. ARTICLE 2 PREMISES, TERM, RENT Section 2.1 Lease of Premises. Subject to the terms of this Lease, Landlord leases to Tenant and Tenant leases from Landlord the Premises for the Term. In addition, Landlord grants to Tenant the right to use, on a non-exclusive basis and in common with other tenants, the lobby area and other Building common elements and common facilities serving the Premises. 3Section 2.2 Payment of Rent. (a) Tenant shall pay to Landlord, without notice or demand, and without any set-off, counterclaim, abatement or deduction whatsoever, except as may be expressly set forth in this Lease, in lawful money of the United States by wire transfer of funds to Landlord's account, as designated by Landlord, or, at Tenant's election, by check drawn upon a bank which is a member of the New York Clearing House Association or other bank approved by Landlord, which approval Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold: (i) Fixed Rent in equal monthly installments, in advance, on the first (1st) day of each calendar month during the Term, commencing on the Rent Commencement Date, and (ii) Additional Rent, at the times and in the manner set forth in this Lease. (b) Tenant shall make each payment of Fixed Rent and Additional Rent to Landlord at P. O. Box 31127, Hartford, Connecticut 06150-1127, and each such payment shall reference the Building. The payment instructions contained in the preceding sentence shall not be withdrawn or modified by Landlord without the prior written consent of SunAmerica Life Insurance Company ("SunAmerica") or SunAmerica's agent, David Cronheim Mortgage Corporation, or any successor agent appointed by SunAmerica and of which SunAmerica has notified Tenant (the "Servicer"), or pursuant to a joint written instruction from Landlord and SunAmerica or the Servicer. Until Tenant shall receive written instructions to the contrary from SunAmerica or the Servicer, Tenant shall continue to make all payments of Fixed Rent and Additional Rent as provided in this Section 2.2(b). Section 2.3 First Month's Rent. Tenant shall pay one month's Fixed Rent upon the execution and delivery of this Lease. If the Rent Commencement Date is on the first day of a month, such payment shall be credited towards the first month's Fixed Rent payment. If the Rent Commencement Date is not the first day of a month, then on the Rent Commencement Date Tenant shall pay Fixed Rent for the period from the Rent Commencement Date through the last day of such month, and the payment made by Tenant on the date of execution and delivery of this Lease shall be credited towards Fixed Rent for the next succeeding calendar month. Section 2.4 Interest. If Tenant shall fail to pay any installment or other payment of Rent when due, interest shall accrue on such installment or payment as a late charge, from the date such installment or payment became due until the date paid at the Interest Rate. 4 ARTICLE 3 USE AND OCCUPANCY Section 3.1 (a) Permitted Uses. Tenant shall use and occupy the Premises for the Permitted Uses and for no other purpose. Tenant shall not use or occupy or permit the use or occupancy of any part of the Premises in a manner constituting a Prohibited Use. If Tenant uses or suffers the use of the Premises for a purpose which constitutes a Prohibited Use or violates any Requirement, or which causes the Building to be in violation of any Requirement, then Tenant shall promptly discontinue such use upon notice of such violation. Tenant's failure to promptly (and, in all events, within 10 days after such notice) discontinue such use shall be a material default hereunder and Landlord shall have the right, without Tenant having any further period in which to cure, (i) to terminate this Lease immediately, and (ii) to exercise any and all rights and remedies available to Landlord at law or in equity. (b) Licenses and Permits. Tenant, at its expense, shall obtain and at all times maintain and comply with the terms and conditions of all licenses and permits required for the lawful conduct of the Permitted Uses in the Premises. Landlord represents that the Certificate of Occupancy issued for the Building permits the use of the Premises as offices. Section 3.2 Prohibited Uses. (a) Notwithstanding anything in this Lease to the contrary, in no event shall the Premises be used or occupied by a Person, the principal business of which at the time such use or occupancy is contemplated shall be the manufacture or sale of soaps, detergents, laundry products, toilet articles, pet products or pet food or cosmetics or the principal business of which shall be that of Colgate-Palmolive Company ("Colgate"), or its parent or one of its significant subsidiaries or affiliates then occupying any portion of the Building or which includes in the name under which such Person conducts business or in the name of any of its products or services either or both of the names "Colgate" or "Palmolive" or the name of any such subsidiary or affiliate or Person into which Colgate may merge or any parent company of Colgate or any simulation of any such names. (b) Tenant covenants that it shall not occupy the Premises, and shall not sublease space in the Premises to any Person, whose (i) primary use of such space is the display or sale of electronic equipment, or (ii) primary business is or shall be the sale, manufacture or distribution of electronic equipment. Landlord's determination that any such use or business is primary (as opposed to incidental) shall be final and binding on the parties. (c) Landlord represents to Tenant as of the date of this Lease that no lease for space in the Building restricts the use of the Premises as general and executive offices of a law firm. Section 3.3 Use of Name "Colgate-Palmolive Building." So long as Colgate (or any of its subsidiaries, affiliates or parents) shall be a tenant in the Building, the use of the name "Colgate-Palmolive Building" as a designation of the Building has been reserved for 5 the use of Colgate and any other tenants in the Building which obtain the written consent of Colgate to use the same. Tenant hereby covenants and agrees that it will not use the name "Colgate-Palmolive Building," or any simulation or abbreviation thereof, as its address either on stationery, by listing in the telephone book, or in other printed matter, publication or picture or rendering or in advertising matter of any sort unless such use is approved in writing by Colgate and Landlord. Tenant covenants that any sublease of any space in the Premises shall contain a similar restriction binding the subtenant. Section 3.4 Delivery of Premises. (a) Landlord shall not be liable for failure to deliver possession of the Premises on any specified date and such failure shall not impair the validity of this Lease (except as provided in Section 3.4(b)) or extend the Term, but in the case of the holding over or retention of possession by any tenant of the Premises, Landlord shall, at Landlord's sole expense, after 10 days following the date such holding over tenant was obligated to vacate the Premises commence and diligently prosecute a legal action or proceeding to obtain possession of the Premises. Landlord shall be deemed to have delivered possession of the Premises to Tenant upon the giving of notice by Landlord to Tenant stating that the Premises are vacant, and available for Tenant's occupancy. The provisions of this Article are intended to constitute "an express provision to the contrary" within the meaning of Section 223-a of the New York Real Property Law or any successor Requirement. (b) If Landlord fails to deliver vacant possession of the Premises to Tenant prior to January 1, 2002 (the "Outside Delivery Date"), Tenant shall have the right exercisable by notice given to Landlord on or before the date that is 30 days after the Outside Delivery Date, as its sole and exclusive remedy therefor, to cancel this Lease. If Tenant timely delivers the aforesaid cancellation notice (which notice may not be given prior to the Outside Delivery Date), this Lease shall terminate 30 days after the date of such notice, unless Landlord delivers vacant possession of the Premises within such 30 day period, in which case Tenant's cancellation notice shall be void and this Lease shall continue in full force and effect. Failure by tenant to exercise such right to cancel this Lease within 30 days after the Outside Date shall constitute a waiver of such right; time being of the essence with respect thereto. ARTICLE 4 CONDITION OF THE PREMISES Section 4.1 Condition. Tenant has inspected the Premises and agrees (a) to accept possession of the Premises in the "as is" condition existing on the Commencement Date, (b) that neither Landlord nor Landlord's agents have made any representations or warranties with respect to the Premises or the Building except as expressly set forth herein, and (c) except for Landlord's Contribution as expressly set forth in Section 4.2 hereof, Landlord has no obligation to perform any work, supply any materials, incur any expense or make any alterations or improvements to the Premises to prepare the Premises for Tenant's occupancy. Any work to be performed by Tenant in connection with Tenant's initial occupancy of the 6 Premises shall be referred to hereinafter as the "Initial Installations". Tenant's occupancy of any part of the Premises for the conduct of its ordinary business shall be conclusive evidence, as against Tenant, that Tenant has accepted possession of the Premises in its then current condition and at the time such possession was taken, the Premises and the Building were in a good and satisfactory condition as required by this Lease. Section.4.2 Landlord's Contribution. (a) Landlord agrees to pay to Tenant an amount not to exceed Landlord's Contribution toward the cost of the Initial Installations (excluding any "soft-costs" (other than architectural, engineering, permit and construction consulting fees not in excess of $67,812.50 plus an amount equal to any "tap-in" fee paid by Tenant pursuant to Section 11.11) and Tenant's Property), provided that as of the date on which Landlord is required to make payment thereof pursuant to Section 4.2(b): (i) this Lease is in full force and effect, and (ii) no Event of Default then exists. Tenant shall pay all costs of the Initial Installations in excess of Landlord's Contribution. Landlord's Contribution shall be payable solely on account of labor directly related to the Initial Installations and materials delivered to the Premises in connection with the Initial Installations (excluding any "soft-costs" (other than architectural, engineering, permit and construction consulting fees not in excess of $67,812.50 plus an amount equal to any "tap-in" fee paid by Tenant pursuant to Section 11.11) and Tenant's Property). Tenant shall not be entitled to receive any portion of Landlord's Contribution not actually expended by Tenant in the performance of the Initial Installations in accordance with this Section 4.2, nor shall Tenant have any right to apply any unexpended portion of Landlord's Contribution as a credit against Rent or any other obligation of Tenant hereunder. Upon the completion of the Initial Installations and satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 4.2, or upon the occurrence of the date which is twelve months after the Commencement Date (which date shall be extended by reason of strikes, labor trouble or any other similar cause beyond Tenant's control in performing the Initial Installations), whichever first occurs, any amount of Landlord's Contribution which has not been previously disbursed shall be retained by Landlord; provided, however, that notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the applicable portion of such retained amounts shall continue to be held for the benefit of Tenant by Landlord if Tenant delivers a notice to Landlord prior to satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 4.2 that it is in dispute with any contractors, subcontractors, vendors or other providers of service and refuses to make payments at such time or if any contracts provide for retainage which has not then been finally paid. (b) Landlord shall make progress payments to Tenant on a monthly basis, for the work performed during the previous month, up to 90% of Landlord's Contribution. Each of Landlord's progress payments shall be limited to an amount equal to the aggregate amounts theretofore paid by Tenant (as certified by the chief financial officer of Tenant and by Tenant's independent architect) to Tenant's contractors, subcontractors and material suppliers which have not been subject to previous disbursements from Landlord's Contribution multiplied by 90%. Provided that Tenant delivers requisitions to Landlord on or prior to the 10th day of any month, such progress payments shall be made within 30 days next following the delivery to Landlord of requisitions therefor, signed by the chief financial 7 officer of Tenant, which requisitions shall set forth the names of each contractor and subcontractor to whom payment is due, and the amount thereof, and shall be accompanied by (i) with the exception of the first requisition, copies of partial waivers of lien from all contractors, subcontractors, and material suppliers covering all work and materials which were the subject of previous progress payments by Landlord and Tenant, (ii) a written certification from Tenant's architect that the work for which the requisition is being made has been completed substantially in accordance with the plans and specifications approved by Landlord and (iii) such other documents and information as Landlord may reasonably request, including in connection with title drawdowns and endorsements. Any requisition made following the 10th day of any month shall be paid no later than the last day of the month following the month in which such requisitions are made. Landlord shall disburse any amount retained by it hereunder upon submission by Tenant to Landlord of Tenant's requisition therefor accompanied by all documentation required under this Section 4.2(b), together with (A) proof of the satisfactory completion of all required inspections and issuance of any required approvals, permits and sign-offs for the Initial Installation by Governmental Authorities having jurisdiction thereover, (B) final "as-built" plans and specifications for the Initial Installations as required pursuant to Section 5.1(c) and (C) issuance of final lien waivers by all contractors, subcontractors and material suppliers covering all of the Initial Installations. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Section 4.2(b), if Tenant does not pay any contractor or supplier as required by this provision, Landlord shall have the right, but not the obligation, to promptly pay to such contractor or supplier all sums so due from Tenant, and Tenant agrees the same shall be deemed Additional Rent and shall, at Landlord's election, (x) be paid by Tenant within 10 days after Landlord delivers to Tenant an invoice therefor or (y) offset by Landlord against Landlord's Contribution. The right to receive Landlord's Contribution is for the exclusive benefit of Tenant, and in no event shall such right be assigned to or be enforceable by or for the benefit of any third party, including any contractor, subcontractor, materialman, laborer, architect, engineer, attorney or other Person. ARTICLE 5 ALTERATIONS Section 5.1 Tenant's Alterations. (a) Tenant shall not make any alterations, additions or other physical changes in or about the Premises, including the Initial Installations (collectively, "Alterations"), other than decorative Alterations such as painting, wall coverings and floor coverings (collectively, "Decorative Alterations"), without Landlord's prior consent, which may be withheld in Landlord's sole discretion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold its consent to Alterations so long as such Alterations (i) are non-structural and do not adversely affect the Building Systems, (ii) are performed only by Landlord's designated contractors or by contractors approved by Landlord to perform such Alterations, (iii) affect only the Premises 8 and are not visible from outside of the Premises or the Building, (iv) do not affect the certificate of occupancy issued for the Building or the Premises, (v) do not adversely affect any service furnished by Landlord to Tenant or to any other tenant of the Building and (vi) do not violate any Requirement or cause the Premises or the Building to be non-compliant with any Requirement. (b) Plans and Specifications. Prior to making any Alterations, Tenant, at its expense, shall (i) submit to Landlord for its approval, detailed plans and specifications (including layout, architectural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, sprinkler and structural drawings) of each proposed Alteration (other than Decorative Alterations), and with respect to any Alteration affecting any Building System, Tenant shall submit proof that the Alteration has been designed by, or reviewed and approved by, Landlord's designated engineer for the affected Building System, (ii) obtain all permits, approvals and certificates required by any Governmental Authorities, (iii) furnish to Landlord certificates of worker's compensation (covering all persons to be employed by Tenant, and Tenant's contractors and subcontractors in connection with such Alteration) and comprehensive public liability (including property damage coverage) insurance and Builder's Risk coverage (issued on a completed value basis) all in such form, with such companies, for such periods and in such amounts as Landlord may reasonably require, naming Landlord, Landlord's managing agent, and their respective employees and agents, any Lessor and any Mortgagee as additional insureds and (iv) furnish to Landlord such other evidence of Tenant's ability to complete and to fully pay for such Alterations (other than Decorative Alterations) as is reasonably satisfactory to Landlord. Upon Tenant's request, Landlord shall reasonably cooperate with Tenant in obtaining any permits, approvals or certificates required to be obtained by Tenant in connection with any permitted Alteration (if the provisions of the applicable Requirement require that Landlord join in such application), provided that Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for any reasonable out-of-pocket cost, expense or liability in connection therewith. Tenant shall give Landlord not less than 5 Business Days' notice prior to performing any Decorative Alteration which notice shall contain a description of such Decorative Alteration. If Landlord shall deny any request for approval to any Alteration, Landlord shall provide Tenant with a reasonably detailed explanation of the reason(s) for such denial. Any plans and specifications resubmitted by Tenant to Landlord for Landlord's approval reflecting changes or additions made to such plans and specifications as requested by Landlord ("Tenant's Resubmission") shall be approved or denied by Landlord, subject to Section 5.1(a), within 5 Business Days following Tenant's Resubmission. If Landlord shall fail to respond to Tenant's request for approval to any Initial Installations within 15 Business Days following the submission of final and complete plans and specifications thereof (or within 5 Business Days after Tenant's Resubmission), as applicable, Landlord shall be deemed to have granted such approval, provided Landlord fails to respond to Tenant within 5 Business Days after receipt of a second notice from Tenant (which notice may only be sent if Landlord failed to respond within said 15 or 5 Business Day period, as aforesaid, and such notice shall expressly state in bold letters that Landlord's failure to timely respond thereto shall be deemed approval of the Initial Installations which are the subject of such notice). 9 (c) Governmental Approvals. Upon completion of any Alterations, Tenant, at its expense, shall promptly obtain certificates of final approval of such Alterations required by any Governmental Authority and shall furnish Landlord with copies thereof, together with "as-built" plans and specifications for such Alterations (other than Decorative Alterations), prepared on an Autocad Computer Assisted Drafting and Design system (or such other system or medium as Landlord may accept) using naming conventions issued by the American Institute of Architects in June, 1990 (or such other naming convention as Landlord may accept) and magnetic computer media of such record drawings and specifications, translated in DXF format or another format acceptable to Landlord. Section 5.2 Manner and Quality of Alterations. All Alterations shall be performed (a) in a good and workmanlike manner and free from defects, (b) in accordance with the plans and specifications as required under Section 5.1, and by contractors approved by Landlord, (c) under the supervision of a licensed architect reasonably satisfactory to Landlord (other than Decorative Alterations), and (d) in compliance with all Requirements, the terms of this Lease, all standard procedures and regulations then prescribed by Landlord for all work performed in the Building. All materials and equipment to be used in the Premises shall be of first quality and at least equal to the applicable standards for the Building then established by Landlord, and no such materials or equipment (other than Tenant's Property) shall be subject to any lien or other encumbrance. At Tenant's request and if and to the extent Landlord maintains such a list, Landlord shall furnish Tenant with a list of contractors (containing at least 3 contractors for each trade other than in respect of any Building System) approved by Landlord, who may perform on behalf of Tenant the types of Alterations described in such request. If Tenant engages any contractor set forth on such list, Tenant shall not be required to obtain Landlord's consent to such contractor unless, prior to the execution of an agreement between Tenant (either directly or through another contractor or subcontractor) and such contractor (or, if no written agreement is entered into, prior to the commencement of work by the contractor), Landlord shall notify Tenant that such contractor has been removed from such list. If Landlord shall not then maintain a list of approved contractors for the Building, Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold or delay its approval of any reputable contractor proposed by Tenant (except for those contractors performing work on Building Systems), provided such contractor shall provide Landlord with appropriate positive references and proof of financial responsibility reasonably satisfactory to Landlord. Section 5.3 Removal of Tenant's Property. Tenant's Property shall be and remain the property of Tenant and Tenant may remove the same at any time on or before the Expiration Date. On or prior to the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term, Tenant shall, at Tenant's expense, remove all of Tenant's Property and, unless otherwise directed by Landlord, remove any Specialty Alteration. Landlord shall advise Tenant at the time of Landlord's approval of the plans and specifications therefor, as to whether Tenant will be required to remove a Specialty Alteration other than as aforesaid, provided Tenant requests in writing (using bold letters) that Landlord advise Tenant of such removal obligation with submittal of the applicable plans and specifications, and if Landlord shall fail 10 to so advise, Landlord shall be deemed to have waived Tenant's obligation to remove such Specialty Alteration. At least 30 days prior to commencing the removal of any Specialty Alterations Tenant shall notify Landlord of its intention to remove such Specialty Alterations, and if Landlord notifies Tenant within such 30 day period, Tenant shall not remove such Specialty Alterations, and the Specialty Alterations not so removed shall become the property of Landlord upon the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term. Tenant shall repair and restore, in a good and workmanlike manner, any damage to the Premises or the Building caused by Tenant's removal of any Specialty Alterations or Tenant's Property, and upon default thereof, Tenant shall reimburse Landlord, on demand, for Landlord's cost of repairing and restoring such damage. Any Specialty Alterations or Tenant's Property not removed on or before the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term shall be deemed abandoned and Landlord may either retain the same as Landlord's property or remove and dispose of same, and repair and restore any damage caused thereby, at Tenant's cost and without accountability to Tenant. Other than as described in this Section, Tenant shall have no obligation to remove any Alterations from the Premises upon the expiration or sooner termination of the Term. Section 5.4 Mechanic's Liens. Tenant, at its expense, shall discharge any lien or charge filed against the Premises or the Real Property in connection with any work claimed or determined in good faith by Landlord to have been done by or on behalf of, or materials claimed or determined in good faith by Landlord to have been furnished to, Tenant, within 10 days after Tenant's receipt of notice thereof by payment, filing the bond required by law or otherwise in accordance with law. Section 5.5 Labor Relations. Tenant shall not employ, or permit the employment of, any contractor, mechanic or laborer, or permit any materials to be delivered to or used in the Building, if, in Landlord's sole judgment, such employment, delivery or use will interfere or cause any conflict or disharmony with other contractors, mechanics or laborers engaged in the construction, maintenance or operation of the Building by Landlord, Tenant or others, or the use and enjoyment of the Building by other tenants or occupants. In the event of such interference, conflict or disharmony, upon Landlord's request, Tenant shall cause all contractors, mechanics or laborers causing such interference or conflict to leave the Building immediately. Section 5.6 Tenant's Costs. Tenant shall pay to Landlord or its designee, within 10 days after demand, all out-of-pocket costs actually incurred by Landlord in connection with (a) Landlord's review of the Alterations and plans and specifications in connection therewith requiring Landlord consent therefor by Landlord's outside structural and/or mechanical engineers and (b) the provision of Building personnel required to be made available at additional expense during the performance of any Alteration required by trade union policy or otherwise, to operate elevators or otherwise to facilitate Tenant's Alterations. In addition, if Tenant's Alterations (other than Tenant's Property) shall cost more than $25,000, Tenant shall pay to Landlord or its designee, upon demand, an administrative fee in respect of the performance of such Alterations and the scheduling of Building equipment 11 facilities and personnel in connection therewith equal to three percent of the total cost of such Alterations. Section 5.7 Tenant's Equipment. Tenant shall not move any heavy machinery, heavy equipment, freight, bulky matter or fixtures (collectively, "Equipment") into or out of the Building without Landlord's prior consent and payment to Landlord of any costs incurred by Landlord in connection therewith. If such Equipment requires special handling, Tenant agrees (a) to employ only persons holding a Master Rigger's License to perform such work, (b) all work performed in connection therewith shall comply with all applicable Requirements and (c) such work shall be done only during hours designated by Landlord. Section 5.8 Legal Compliance. The approval of plans or specifications, or consent by Landlord to the making of any Alterations, does not constitute Landlord's agreement or representation that such plans, specifications or Alterations comply with any Requirements or the certificate of occupancy issued for the Building. Landlord shall have no liability to Tenant or any other party in connection with Landlord's approval of any plans and specifications for any Alterations, or Landlord's consent to Tenant's performing any Alterations. If as the result of any Alterations made by or on behalf of Tenant, Landlord is required to make any alterations or improvements to any part of the Building in order to comply with any Requirements, whether or not in or near the Premises, Tenant shall pay all costs and expenses incurred by Landlord in connection with such alterations or improvements as provided in Article 20. Section 5.9 Window Pockets. Tenant shall, as part of the Initial Installations, design and construct the perimeter of the ceiling of each floor of the Premises which is adjacent to any exterior window (other than any exterior window which is immediately adjacent to any terrace or setback which abuts the Premises) with pockets to permit the windows in the Premises to open, which design and construction shall be subject to Landlord's prior approval. Section 5.10 Access. Tenant shall have the right, subject to the terms of this Article 5 and the terms of leases covering the affected space, to reinforce the floors of the Premises and Landlord shall use reasonable efforts, at no cost to Landlord, to obtain access for Tenant (which may be under the supervision of Landlord) to the ceiling of the 17th floor of the Building in order to enable Tenant to reinforce such floors, subject to the rights of tenants occupying such floor, not interfering with the design of the space of such tenants, not placing water or waste lines over electrical, HVAC and computer equipment and the provisions of this Article. In addition, Tenant shall, upon the request of Landlord, restore such ceiling upon the expiration or earlier termination of the Term. 12 ARTICLE 6 FLOOR LOAD Section 6.1 Floor Load. Tenant shall not place a load upon any floor of the Premises that exceeds 50 pounds per square foot "live load". Landlord reserves the right to reasonably designate the position of all Equipment which Tenant wishes to place within the Premises, and to place limitations on the weight thereof. ARTICLE 7 REPAIRS Section 7.1 Landlord's Repair and Maintenance. Landlord shall operate, maintain and, except as provided in Section 7.2 hereof, make all necessary repairs (both structural and nonstructural) to (a) the Building Systems up to the point of connection to the Premises, (b) the structural components of the Building, including, without limitation, the roof of the Building, and (c) the public portions of the Building, both exterior and interior, in conformance with standards applicable to first-class renovated office buildings of comparable age and quality in midtown Manhattan. Section 7.2 Tenant's Repair and Maintenance. Tenant shall promptly, at its expense and in compliance with Article 5 of this Lease, (a) make all nonstructural repairs to the Premises and the fixtures, equipment and appurtenances therein as and when needed to preserve the Premises in good working order and condition, except for reasonable wear and tear and damage for which Tenant is not responsible pursuant to this Lease, and (b) replace damaged doors, signs and glass (other than exterior window glass) in and about the Premises. Without limiting the foregoing, all damage to the Premises or to any other part of the Building, or to any fixtures, equipment, sprinkler system and/or appurtenances thereof, whether requiring structural or nonstructural repairs, caused by or resulting from any act, omission, neglect or improper conduct of, or Alterations made by, or the moving of Tenant's fixtures, furniture or equipment into, within or out of the Premises by any Tenant Party, and all damage to any portion of the Building Systems located in the Premises, shall be repaired at Tenant's expense. Such repairs shall be made by (i) Tenant, at Tenant's expense, if the required repairs are nonstructural in nature and do not affect any Building System or any portion of the Building outside of the Premises, or (ii) Landlord, at Tenant's expense, if the required repairs are structural in nature, involve replacement of exterior window glass (if damaged by Tenant) or affect any Building System or any portion of the Building outside of the Premises. All Tenant repairs shall be of a quality at least equal to the original work or construction utilizing new construction materials and shall be made in accordance with this Lease. Tenant shall give Landlord prompt notice of any defective condition of which Tenant is aware in any Building System located in, servicing or passing through the Premises. If Tenant fails to proceed with due diligence to make any repairs required to be made by 13 Tenant, Landlord may make such repairs and all costs and expenses incurred by Landlord on account thereof shall be paid by Tenant as provided in Article 20. Section 7.3 Vermin. Tenant shall, at its expense, cause the Premises to be exterminated, from time to time as Landlord may reasonably direct or whenever there is evidence of infestation to Landlord's reasonable satisfaction, by licensed exterminators approved by Landlord. Section 7.4 Interruptions Due to Repairs. Landlord reserves the right to make all changes, alterations, additions, improvements, repairs or replacements to the Building, including the Building Systems which provide services to Tenant, as Landlord deems necessary or desirable, provided that in no event shall the level of any Building service decrease in any material respect from the level required of Landlord in this Lease as a result thereof (other than temporary changes in the level of such services during the performance of any such work by Landlord). Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises during the making of such changes, repairs, alterations, additions, improvements, repairs or replacements provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. Except as expressly provided in Section 11.10, there shall be no Rent abatement or allowance to Tenant for a diminution of rental value, no actual or constructive eviction of Tenant, in whole or in part, no relief from any of Tenant's other obligations under this Lease, and no liability on the part of Landlord by reason of inconvenience, annoyance or injury to business arising from Landlord, Tenant or others making, or failing to make, any repairs, alterations, additions or improvements in or to any portion of the Building or the Premises, or in or to fixtures, appurtenances or equipment therein. Section 7.5 Building Renovation. (a) Tenant acknowledges that Landlord may replace the windows (including window frames and partitions) in the Building and change the facade of the Building (hereinafter "Building Renovations") at any time and from time to time during the Term. Tenant understands that if the Building Renovations are undertaken, during the Building Renovations a construction bridge may be required to be erected in connection with any Building Renovations, as necessary at Landlord's discretion. Tenant further understands and acknowledges that the Building Renovations may cause inconvenience or annoyance to Tenant, Tenant's employees, customers, invitees and suppliers; and result in increased noise levels in the Building during the Building Renovations. Tenant acknowledges and agrees that it is entering into this Lease with adequate notice of the extent of the Building Renovations and the potential inconvenience, annoyance and impact on Tenant's' business. (b) Landlord and its employees, contractors and agents shall have access to the Premises at all times for the performance of Building Renovations, and Tenant will use all commercially reasonable efforts to avoid any interference with the performance of Building Renovations. Landlord shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises during the performance of Building 14 Renovations, provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. Neither Landlord nor its agents or contractors shall be liable for any damage which Tenant may sustain resulting from Building Renovations. There shall be no Rent abatement or allowance to Tenant for a diminution of rental value, no actual or constructive eviction of Tenant, in whole or in part, no relief from any of Tenant's other obligations under this Lease, and no liability on the part of Landlord, by reason of inconvenience, annoyance or injury to business arising from the performance Building Renovations. (c) Landlord hereby agrees to use reasonable efforts to Substantially Complete the renovation of the Building facade on or before July 1, 2001, subject to extension due to Unavoidable Delays. If Landlord fails to Substantially Complete such Building facade renovation work on or before July 1, 2001 (as such date shall be extended for Unavoidable Delays), then for each day thereafter that such work is not Substantially Completed, as Tenant's sole and exclusive remedy therefor, Tenant shall receive a rent credit of $212.33 against the then amount of per diem Fixed Rent payable under this Lease. ARTICLE 8 INCREASES IN TAXES AND OPERATING EXPENSES Section 8.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this Article 8, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below: (a) "Assessed Valuation" shall mean the amount for which the Real Property is assessed pursuant to applicable provisions of the City Charter and of the Administrative Code of the City of New York for the purpose of imposition of Taxes. (b) "Base Operating Expenses" shall mean the Operating Expenses for the Base Expense Year. (c) "Base Taxes" shall mean an amount equal to one-half of the aggregate Taxes payable on account of the Base Tax Years. (d) "Comparison Year" shall mean (a) with respect to Taxes, any calendar year commencing subsequent to the first day of the Tax Year commencing on July 1, 1999, and (b) with respect to Operating Expenses, any calendar year commencing subsequent to the first day of the Base Expense Year. (e) "Operating Expenses" shall mean the aggregate of all costs and expenses (and taxes, if any, thereon) paid or incurred by or on behalf of Landlord (whether directly or through independent contractors) in connection with the ownership, operation, repair and 15 maintenance of the Building and the Real Property, such as: (i) insurance premiums, (ii) the cost of electricity, gas, oil, steam, water, air conditioning and other fuel and utilities, (iii) attorneys' fees and disbursements and auditing, management and other professional fees and expenses, and (iv) the annual depreciation or amortization, on a straight-line basis over the useful life thereof, determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (consistently applied) (with interest on the unamortized portion at the Base Rate plus 2 percent per annum), of any capital costs incurred after the Base Expense Year for any equipment, device or other improvement made or acquired which is either (A) intended as a labor-saving measure or to effect other economies in the operation, maintenance or repair of the Building (but only to the extent that the annual benefits anticipated to be realized therefrom are reasonably related to the annual amounts to be amortized), or (B) required by any Requirement other than a Requirement in effect as of the date of this Lease and with which Landlord is not then in compliance. Operating Expenses shall not include any Excluded Expenses. If during all or part of the Base Expense Year or any Comparison Year, Landlord shall not furnish any particular item(s) of work or service (which would otherwise constitute an Operating Expense) to any leasable portions of the Building for any reason, then, for purposes of computing Operating Expenses for the Base Expense Year or any Comparison Year, as the case may be, the amount included in Operating Expenses for such period shall be increased by an amount equal to the costs and expenses that would have been reasonably incurred by Landlord during such period if Landlord had furnished such item(s) of work or service to such portion of the Building. In determining the amount of Operating Expenses for the Base Expense Year or any Comparison Year, if less than 95 percent of the Building rentable area shall have been occupied by tenant(s) at any time during any such Base Expense Year or Comparison Year, Operating Expenses shall be determined for such Base Expense Year or Comparison Year to be an amount equal to the like expenses which would normally be expected to be incurred had such occupancy been 95 percent throughout such Base Expense Year or Comparison Year. (f) "Statement" shall mean a statement in reasonable detail containing a comparison of (1) the Base Taxes and the Taxes payable for any Tax Year in question, or (2) the Base Operating Expenses and the Operating Expenses payable for any Comparison Year. (g) "Tax Year" shall mean the twelve month period from July 1 through June 30 (or such other period as hereinafter may be duly adopted by the City of New York as its fiscal year for real estate tax purposes). (h) "Taxes" shall mean (i) all real estate taxes, assessments (including assessments made as a result of the Building being within a business improvement district), sewer and water rents, rates and charges and other governmental levies, impositions or charges, whether general, special, ordinary, extraordinary, foreseen or unforeseen, which may be assessed, levied or imposed upon all or any part of the Real Property, and (ii) all expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements and experts' and other witnesses' fees) incurred in contesting any of the foregoing or in connection with any application for a reduction of the Assessed Valuation of all or any part of the Real Property or for a judicial 16 review thereof (but in no event shall such expenses be included in Taxes payable for the Base Tax Years). Taxes shall not include (x) interest or penalties incurred by Landlord as a result of Landlord's late payment of Taxes, except for interest payable in connection with the installment payment of assessments pursuant to the next sentence or (y) franchise or net income taxes imposed upon Landlord. If Landlord elects to pay any assessment in annual installments, then for the purposes of this Article 8, (A) such assessment shall be deemed to have been so divided and to be payable in the maximum number of installments permitted by law, and (B) there shall be deemed included in Taxes for each Comparison Year the installments of such assessment becoming payable during such Comparison Year, together with interest payable during such Comparison Year on such installments and on all installments thereafter becoming due as provided by law, all as if such assessment had been so divided. If at any time the methods of taxation prevailing on the date hereof shall be altered so that in lieu of or as an addition to the whole or any part of Taxes, there shall be assessed, levied or imposed (1) a tax, assessment, levy, imposition or charge based on the income or rents received from the Real Property whether or not wholly or partially as a capital levy or otherwise, (2) a tax, assessment, levy, imposition or charge measured by or based in whole or in part upon all or any part of the Real Property and imposed upon Landlord, (3) a license fee measured by the rents, or (4) any other tax, assessment, levy, imposition, charge or license fee however described or imposed, then all such taxes, assessments, levies, impositions, charges or license fees or the part thereof so measured or based shall be deemed to be Taxes, provided that any tax, assessment, levy, imposition or charge imposed on income from the Real Property shall be calculated as if the Real Property were the only asset of Landlord. Section 8.2 (a) Tenant's Tax Payment. If the Taxes payable for any Tax Year after the Tax Year commencing on July 1, 1999 exceed the Base Taxes, Tenant shall pay to Landlord Tenant's Proportionate Share in respect of Taxes of such excess ("Tenant's Tax Payment"). Landlord may furnish to Tenant, prior to the commencement of each Comparison Year in which such Tax Year commences, a statement setting forth Landlord's reasonable estimate of Tenant's Tax Payment for such Tax Year. Subject to the provisions of this Section 8.2(a), Tenant shall pay to Landlord on the first day of each month during any such Comparison Year (and on the first day of each month thereafter in such Comparison Year) an amount equal to 1/12th of Landlord's estimate of Tenant's Tax Payment for such Tax Year. If Landlord shall not furnish any such estimate for such Comparison Year or if Landlord shall furnish any such estimate subsequent to the commencement thereof, then (x) until the first day of the month following the month in which such estimate is furnished to Tenant, Tenant shall pay to Landlord on the first day of each month an amount equal to the monthly sum payable by Tenant to Landlord under this Section 8.2(a) for the last month of the preceding Comparison Year; (y) after such estimate is furnished to Tenant, if the installments of Tenant's Tax Payment previously made for such Comparison Year were greater or less than the installments of Tenant's Tax Payment to be made in accordance with such estimate, then (1) if there is a deficiency, Tenant shall pay the amount thereof to Landlord within ten (10) Business Days after such estimate is furnished to Tenant, or (2) if there is an overpayment, Landlord shall credit such overpayment against subsequent 17 installments of Rent; and (z) on the first day of the month following the month in which such estimate is furnished to Tenant and monthly thereafter throughout such Comparison Year, Tenant shall pay to Landlord an amount equal to 1/12th of Tenant's Tax Payment shown on such estimate. Landlord may, during each Comparison Year, furnish to Tenant a revised Statement of Landlord's estimate of Tenant's Tax Payment for such Comparison Year, and in such case, Tenant's Tax Payment for such Comparison Year shall be adjusted and any deficiencies paid or overpayments credited, as the case may be, substantially in the same manner as provided in the preceding sentence. After the end of each Comparison Year, Landlord shall furnish to Tenant a Statement of Taxes applicable to Tenant's Tax Payment payable for such Comparison Year and (A) if such Statement shall show that the sums so paid by Tenant were less than Tenant's Tax Payment due for the Tax Year commencing during such Comparison Year, Tenant shall pay to Landlord the amount of such deficiency in Tenant's Tax Payment within ten (10) Business Days after such Statement is furnished to Tenant, or (B) if such Statement shall show that the sums so paid by Tenant were more than such Tenant's Tax Payment, Landlord shall, at its election, pay to Tenant such overpayment in Tenant's Tax Payments or credit such overpayment in Tenant's Tax Payment against subsequent installments of Rent payable by Tenant. If there shall be any increase in the Taxes for any Tax Year, whether during or after such Tax Year, or if there shall be any decrease in the Taxes for any Tax Year, Tenant's Tax Payment for such Comparison Year shall be appropriately adjusted and any deficiencies paid or overpayments credited, as the case may be, substantially in the same manner as provided in the preceding sentence. The benefit of any discount for any early payment or prepayment of Taxes and of any tax exemption or abatement relating to all or any part of the Real Property shall accrue solely to the benefit of Landlord and Taxes shall be computed without subtracting such discount or taking into account any such exemption or abatement. (b) Taxes for each real estate tax fiscal year shall be apportioned on the basis of the number of days in such fiscal year included in any particular Tax Year subsequent to the Base Tax Years for the purpose of making the computations under this Section. (c) Tenant shall not (and hereby waives any and all rights it may now or hereafter have to) institute or maintain any action, proceeding or application in any court or other body having the power to fix or review assessed valuations or tax rates, for the purpose of reducing Taxes. The filing of any such proceeding by Tenant without Landlord's consent shall be an immediate Event of Default hereunder. If the Taxes payable for the Base Tax Year are reduced, the Base Taxes shall be correspondingly revised, the Additional Rent previously paid or payable on account of Tenant's Tax Payment hereunder for all Comparison Years shall be recomputed on the basis of such reduction, and Tenant shall pay to Landlord within 10 Business Days after being billed therefor, any deficiency between the amount of such Additional Rent previously computed and paid by Tenant to Landlord, and the amount due as a result of such recomputations. If the Taxes payable for the Base Tax Year are increased then Landlord shall either pay to Tenant, or at Landlord's election, credit against subsequent payments of Rent due, the amount by which such Additional Rent previously paid on account of Tenant's Tax Payment exceeds the amount actually due as a 18 result of such recomputations. If Landlord receives a refund or credit of Taxes for any Comparison Year, Landlord shall recalculate Tenant's Tax Payment for the applicable periods (taking into account the provisions of Sections 8.2(a) and (b)) and shall, as and when such refund payment or credit is received, at its election, either pay to Tenant, or credit against subsequent payments of Rent due hereunder, an amount equal to Tenant's Proportionate Share of the refund, net of any expenses incurred by Landlord in achieving such refund and adjustments to Tenant's Tax Payments resulting from such recalculation, which amount shall not exceed Tenant's Tax Payment paid for such Comparison Year. Landlord shall not be obligated to file any application or institute any proceeding seeking a reduction in Taxes or the Assessed Valuation. (d) Tenant shall be obligated to make Tenant's Tax Payment regardless of whether Tenant may be exempt from the payment of any taxes as the result of any reduction, abatement, or exemption from Taxes granted or agreed to by any Governmental Authority, or by reason of Tenant's diplomatic or other tax exempt status. (e) If the Expiration Date shall occur on a date other than the last day of a Tax Year, any Additional Rent payable by Tenant to Landlord under this Section 8.2 for the Comparison Year in which such Expiration Date occurs shall be apportioned on the basis of the number of days in the period from such last day to the Expiration Date shall bear to the total number of days in such Comparison Year. In the event of the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, any Additional Rent under this Section 8.2 shall be paid or adjusted within 30 days after submission of the Statement. In no event shall Fixed Rent ever be reduced by operation of this Section 8.2. (f) Tenant shall be responsible for any applicable occupancy or rent tax now in effect or hereafter enacted and applicable to Tenant's occupancy of the Premises, regardless of whether imposed by its terms upon Landlord or Tenant and, if such tax is payable by Landlord, Tenant shall promptly pay such amounts to Landlord, upon Landlord's demand, as Additional Rent. Section 8.3 Tenant's Operating Payment. (a) If the Operating Expenses payable for any Comparison Year exceed the Base Operating Expenses, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as Additional Rent during each Comparison Year, Tenant's Proportionate Share in respect of Operating Expenses of such excess ("Tenant's Operating Payment"). For each Comparison Year, Landlord shall furnish to Tenant a written statement setting forth Landlord's good faith reasonable estimate of Tenant's Operating Payment for such Comparison Year, based upon such year's budget. Tenant shall pay to Landlord on the first day of each month during such Comparison Year an amount equal to one-twelfth of Landlord's estimate of Tenant's Operating Payment for such Comparison Year. If Landlord does not furnish any such estimate for a Comparison Year until after the commencement thereof, then (i) until the first day of the month following the month in which such estimate is furnished to Tenant, Tenant shall pay to Landlord on the first day of each month an amount equal to the monthly sum payable by Tenant to Landlord under this Section 8.3 during the last month of the preceding 19 Comparison Year, (ii) promptly after such estimate is furnished to Tenant or together therewith, Landlord shall give notice to Tenant stating whether the installments of Tenant's Operating Payment previously made for such Comparison Year were greater or less than the installments of Tenant's Operating Payment to be made for such Comparison Year in accordance with such estimate, and (A) if there shall be a deficiency, Tenant shall pay the amount thereof within 10 Business Days after demand therefor, or (B) if there shall have been an overpayment, Landlord shall credit the amount thereof against subsequent payments of Rent due hereunder, and (iii) on the first day of the month following the month in which such estimate is furnished to Tenant, and on the first day of each month thereafter throughout the remainder of such Comparison Year, Tenant shall pay to Landlord an amount equal to one-twelfth of Tenant's Operating Payment shown on such estimate. (b) Landlord shall furnish to Tenant a Statement of Operating Expenses for the immediately preceding Comparison Year within 365 days after the end of such Comparison Year. If such Statement shall show that the sums paid by Tenant under Section 8.3(a) exceeded the actual amount of Tenant's Operating Payment for such Comparison Year, Landlord shall credit the amount of such excess against subsequent payments of Rent due hereunder. If the Statement for such Comparison Year shall show that the sums so paid by Tenant were less than Tenant's Operating Payment for such Comparison Year, Tenant shall pay the amount of such deficiency within 10 Business Days after Tenant's receipt of such Statement. (c) If the Expiration Date shall occur on a date other than December 31, any Additional Rent under this Section 8.3 for the Comparison Year in which such Expiration Date shall occur shall be apportioned on the basis of the number of days in the period from January 1 to the Expiration Date. Upon the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, any Additional Rent under this Article 8 shall be paid or adjusted within 30 days after submission of the Statement. In no event shall Fixed Rent ever be reduced by operation of this Section 8.3. Section 8.4 Non-Waiver; Disputes. (a) Landlord's failure to render any Statement on a timely basis with respect to any Comparison Year shall not prejudice Landlord's right to thereafter render a Statement with respect to such Comparison Year or any subsequent Comparison Year, nor shall the rendering of a Statement prejudice Landlord's right to thereafter render a corrected Statement for any Comparison Year. (b) Each Statement sent to Tenant shall be conclusively binding upon Tenant unless Tenant shall, (i) pay to Landlord when due the amount set forth in such Statement, without prejudice to Tenant's right to dispute such Statement, and (ii) within 120 days after such Statement is sent, send a written notice to Landlord objecting to such Statement and specifying the reasons for Tenant's claim that such Statement is incorrect. Tenant agrees that Tenant will not employ, in connection with any dispute under this Lease, any person who is to be compensated in whole or in part, on a contingency fee basis. If the parties are unable to resolve any such dispute within 30 days following the giving of Tenant's notice of objection, 20 either party may within ten days after the expiration of such 30 day period refer the issues raised to an independent firm of certified public accountants selected by Landlord and reasonably acceptable to Tenant, and the decision of such accountants shall be conclusively binding upon Landlord and Tenant. In connection therewith, Tenant and such accountants shall execute and deliver to Landlord a confidentiality agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, whereby such parties agree not to disclose to any third party any of the information obtained in connection with such review, or the substance of any admissions or stipulations by any party in connection therewith, or of any resulting reconciliation, compromise or settlement. Tenant shall pay the fees and expenses relating to such procedure, unless such accountants shall determine that Landlord overstated the Operating Expenses by more than 5% for such Comparison Year, as finally determined, in which case Landlord shall pay such fees and expenses. Except as provided in this Section, Tenant shall have no right whatsoever to dispute by judicial process or otherwise the accuracy of any Statement. Section 8.5 No Reduction in Rent. Anything in this Article 8 to the contrary notwithstanding, under no circumstances shall any decrease in Operating Expenses or Taxes in any Comparison Year below the Base Operating Expenses or Base Taxes, as the case may be, result in a reduction in the Fixed Rent or any other component of Additional Rent payable hereunder. ARTICLE 9 REQUIREMENTS OF LAW Section 9.1 (a) Tenant's Compliance. Tenant, at its expense, shall comply (or cause to be complied) with all Requirements applicable to the Premises, regardless of whether imposed by their terms upon Landlord or Tenant, provided however, that Tenant shall not be obligated to comply with any Requirement requiring any structural alteration to the Premises unless the application of such Requirement arises from (i) Tenant's manner of use or occupancy of the Premises (as distinguished from the use or occupancy of the Premises for office purposes generally), (ii) any cause or condition created by or on behalf of any Tenant Party (including any Alterations), (iii) the breach of any of Tenant's obligation under this Lease, (iv) the Americans with Disabilities Act or New York City Local Law #58 (as each of the same may be amended from time to time), or (v) any Hazardous Materials having been brought into the Building or affected by any Tenant Party. All repairs and alterations to the Premises, required to be made by Tenant as provided above to cause the Premises to comply with any Requirements shall be made by Tenant, at Tenant's expense and in compliance with Article 5, if such repairs or alterations are nonstructural, do not affect any Building System, do not affect the exterior windows of the Premises and do not involve the performance of work outside of the Premises, or by Landlord, at Tenant's reasonable expense, if such repairs or alterations are structural, affect any Building System or the exterior windows of the Premises or involve the performance of work outside the Premises. 21 If Tenant obtains knowledge of any failure to comply with any Requirements applicable to the Premises, Tenant shall give Landlord prompt written notice thereof. (b) Hazardous Materials. Tenant shall not (i) cause or permit any Hazardous Materials to be brought into the Building, (ii) cause or permit the storage or use of Hazardous Materials in any manner not permitted by any Requirements, or (iii) cause or permit the escape, disposal or release of any Hazardous Materials within or in the vicinity of the Building. Nothing herein shall be deemed to prevent Tenant's use of any Hazardous Materials customarily used in the ordinary course of office work, provided such use is in accordance with all Requirements. Tenant shall be responsible, at its expense, for all matters directly or indirectly based on, or arising or resulting from the actual or alleged presence of Hazardous Materials in the Premises or in the Building which is caused or permitted by Tenant or any Tenant Party. Tenant shall provide to Landlord copies of all communications received by Tenant with respect to any Requirements relating to Hazardous Materials, and/or any claims made in connection therewith. Landlord or its agents may perform environmental inspections of the Premises at any time. The covenants contained in this subsection shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. (c) Landlord's Compliance. Landlord shall comply with (or cause to be complied with) all Requirements applicable to the Building which are not the obligation of Tenant, to the extent that non-compliance would materially impair Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises and Tenant's ability to conduct its business in the Premises for office use or subject Tenant to any material liability; and the cost thereof shall be included in Operating Expenses to the extent permitted by Article 8. (d) Landlord's Insurance. Tenant shall not cause or permit any action or condition that would (i) invalidate or conflict with Landlord's insurance policies, (ii) violate applicable rules, regulations and guidelines of the Fire Department, Fire Insurance Rating Organization or any other authority having jurisdiction over the Building, or (iii) cause an increase in the premiums for fire insurance then covering the Building over that payable with respect to comparable first-class office buildings or (iv) result in insurance companies of good standing refusing to insure the Building or any property therein in amounts and against risks as reasonably determined by Landlord. If the fire insurance premiums increase as a result of Tenant's failure to comply with the provisions of this Article, Tenant shall promptly cure such failure and shall reimburse Landlord, as Additional Rent, for the increased fire insurance premiums paid by Landlord as a result of such failure by Tenant. In any action or proceeding to which Landlord and Tenant are parties, a schedule or "make up" of rates for the Building or the Premises issued by the appropriate Fire Insurance Rating Organization, or other body fixing such fire insurance rates, shall be conclusive evidence of the fire insurance rates then applicable to the Building. Section 9.2 Fire Alarm System; Sprinkler. Tenant shall, as part of the Initial Installations, install and thereafter maintain in good order and repair a sprinkler system in the Premises in compliance with Requirements applicable to clear-glass lot line windows and 22 a fire-alarm and life-safety system in the Premises. If Tenant, as part of the Initial Installations or subsequent Alterations, removes or renovates the ceiling of the Premises, Tenant shall install and thereafter maintain in good order and repair a sprinkler system in the remainder of the Premises. Any such installation and maintenance shall be performed by Tenant in accordance with this Lease, the Rules and Regulations and all Requirements. If the Fire Insurance Rating Organization or any Governmental Authority or any of Landlord's insurers requires or recommends any modifications and/or Alterations be made or any additional equipment be supplied in connection with the sprinkler system or fire alarm and life-safety system serving the Building or the Premises by reason of Tenant's business, any Alteration performed by Tenant or the location of the partitions, trade fixtures, or other contents of the Premises, Landlord (to the extent such modifications or Alterations are structural, affect any Building System or involve the performance of work outside of the Premises) or Tenant (to the extent such modifications or Alterations are nonstructural, do not affect any Building System and do not involve the performance of work outside the Premises) shall make such modifications and/or Alterations, and supply such additional equipment, in either case at Tenant's expense. Section 9.3 Limitations on Rent. If at any time during the Term by reason of any Requirement the Rent is not fully collectible, Tenant shall take such other steps (without additional expense to Tenant) as Landlord may request, and as may be legally permissible, to permit Landlord to collect the maximum rents which may during the continuance of such restriction be legally permissible (but not in excess of the Rent reserved under this Lease). Upon the termination of such restriction during the Term, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, in addition to the Rent for the period following such termination of the restriction, if legally permissible, the portion of Rent which would have been paid pursuant to this Lease but for such legal restriction less the Rent paid by Tenant to Landlord while such restriction was in effect, together with interest thereon at the Base Rate. ARTICLE 10 SUBORDINATION Section 10.1 Subordination and Attornment. (a) This Lease and Tenant's rights hereunder are subject and subordinate to all Mortgages and Superior Leases, and, at the request of any Mortgagee or Lessor, Tenant shall attorn to such Mortgagee or Lessor, its successors in interest or any purchaser in a foreclosure sale. (b) If a Lessor or Mortgagee or any other person or entity shall succeed to the rights of Landlord under this Lease, whether through possession or foreclosure action or the delivery of a new lease or deed, then at the request of the successor landlord and upon such successor landlord's written agreement to accept Tenant's attornment and to recognize Tenant's interest under this Lease, Tenant shall be deemed to have attorned to and recognized such successor landlord as Landlord under this Lease. The provisions of this Article are self- 23 operative and require no further instruments to give effect hereto; provided, however, that Tenant shall promptly execute and deliver any instrument that such successor landlord may reasonably request (x) evidencing such attornment, (y) setting forth the terms and conditions of Tenant's tenancy, and (z) containing such other terms and conditions as may be required by such Mortgagee or Lessor, provided such terms and conditions do not increase the Rent or, other than to a de minimis extent, increase Tenant's other obligations or adversely affect the rights of Tenant under this Lease. Upon such attornment this Lease shall continue in full force and effect as a direct lease between such successor landlord and Tenant upon all of the terms, conditions and covenants set forth in this Lease except that such successor landlord shall not be: (i) liable for any previous act or omission of Landlord under this Lease except to the extent such act or omission is a default under this Lease and continues beyond the date when such successor landlord succeeds to Landlord's interest and Tenant gives notice of such act or omission to such successor landlord; (ii) subject to any credit, demand, claim, counterclaim, offset or defense which theretofore accrued to Tenant against Landlord; (iii) if Mortgagee's or Lessor's consent is required under any Mortgage or Superior Lease, bound by any previous modification of this Lease, or by any previous prepayment of more than one month's Fixed Rent or Additional Rent; (iv) bound by any covenant or obligation of Landlord to perform, undertake or complete any work in the Premises or to prepare the Premises for Tenant's occupancy; (v) required to account for any security deposit of Tenant other than any security deposit actually delivered to Mortgagee or Lessor by Landlord; (vi) bound by any obligation to make any payment to Tenant or grant any credits, except for services, repairs, maintenance and restoration provided for under this Lease to be performed by Landlord after the date of such attornment; and (vii) responsible for any monies (other than overpayments of Tenant's Tax Payment or Tenant's Operating Payment) owing by Landlord to Tenant. Section 10.2 Mortgage or Superior Lease Defaults. Tenant shall not cause a default under any Superior Lease or Mortgage, or omit to do anything that Tenant is obligated to do under the terms of this Lease so as to cause Landlord to be in default thereunder. Any Mortgagee may elect that this Lease shall have priority over the Mortgage that it holds and, upon notification to Tenant by such Mortgagee, this Lease shall be deemed to have priority over such Mortgage, regardless of the date of this Lease. In connection with any financing of the Real Property, the Building or of the interest of the lessee under any 24 Superior Lease, Tenant shall consent to any reasonable modifications of this Lease requested by any lending institution, provided such modifications do not increase the Rent or, other than to a de minimis extent, increase the other obligations or adversely affect the rights of Tenant under this Lease. Section 10.3 Tenant's Termination Right. As long as any Superior Lease or Mortgage shall exist, Tenant shall not seek to terminate this Lease by reason of any act or omission of Landlord (a) until Tenant shall have given notice of such act or omission to all Lessors and/or Mortgagees, and (b) until a reasonable period of time shall have elapsed following the giving of notice of such default and the expiration of any applicable notice or grace periods (unless such act or omission is not capable of being remedied within a reasonable period of time) during which period such Lessors and/or Mortgagees shall have the right, but not the obligation, after obtaining possession of the Real Property to remedy such act or omission and thereafter diligently proceed to so remedy such act or obligation. If any Lessor or Mortgagee elects to remedy such act or omission of Landlord, Tenant shall not seek to terminate this Lease so long as such Lessor or Mortgagee is proceeding with reasonable diligence to effect such remedy. Section 10.4 Applicability. The provisions of this Article shall (a) inure to the benefit of Landlord, any future owner of the Building or the Real Property, any Lessor or Mortgagee and any sublessor thereof and (b) apply notwithstanding that, as a matter of law, this Lease may terminate upon the termination of any Superior Lease or the foreclosure of any Mortgage. Section 10.5 Future Condominium Declaration. This Lease and Tenant's rights hereunder are and will be subject and subordinate to any condominium declaration, by-laws and other instruments (collectively, the "Declaration") which may be recorded in order to subject the Building to a condominium form of ownership pursuant to Article 9B of the New York Real Property Law or any successor statute, provided that the Declaration does not by its terms increase the Rent, materially increase Tenant's non-Rent obligations or materially and adversely affect Tenant's rights under this Lease. At Landlord's request, and subject to the foregoing proviso, Tenant will execute and deliver to Landlord an amendment of this Lease confirming such subordination and modifying this Lease to conform to such condominium regime. Section 10.6 Non-Disturbance Agreements. Landlord represents, as of the date hereof, that there is no Superior Lease and the only existing Mortgagee is SunAmerica. Landlord hereby agrees to use reasonable efforts to obtain for Tenant, at no cost to Landlord, a subordination, non-disturbance and attornment agreement ("SNDA") from SunAmerica, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit G, provided that Landlord shall have no liability to Tenant, and the subordination of this Lease to any Mortgage shall not be affected, in the event that it is unable to obtain any such agreement, except as provided in the next sentence of this Section 10.6. If Landlord shall fail to deliver to Tenant the SNDA from SunAmerica within 60 days following execution and delivery of this Lease by both parties, 25 Tenant shall have the right for 30 days after the expiration of such 60-day period to cancel this Lease by giving Landlord notice of such election, whereupon this Lease shall become null and void as of the date that is 30 days following the date such notice is given, provided that if Landlord shall deliver the SNDA to Tenant within 30 days following receipt of notice of cancellation from Tenant, this Lease shall continue and Tenant shall have no right to cancel it. If no notice is given within such 30-day period (time being of the essence), then Tenant's right to cancel this Lease shall be deemed waived. In addition, Landlord hereby agrees to use reasonable efforts to obtain for Tenant, at no cost to Landlord, a subordination, non-disturbance and attornment agreement from any future Mortgagee, in the standard form customarily employed by such Mortgagee, provided that Landlord shall have no liability to Tenant, and the subordination of this Lease to any Mortgage shall not be affected, in the event that it is unable to obtain any such agreement. Tenant shall reimburse Landlord, within 10 days after demand therefor, for Landlord's out-of-pocket costs, including reasonable attorney's fees and disbursements, incurred in connection with such efforts. ARTICLE 11 SERVICES Section 11.1 Elevators. Landlord, at its expense, shall provide passenger elevator service to the Premises at all times, and at least one freight elevator serving the Premises available upon Tenant's prior request, on a non-exclusive "first come, first serve" basis with other Building tenants, on all Business Days from 8:00 a.m. to 11:45 a.m. and from 1:00 p.m. to 4:45 p.m. Section 11.2 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. (a) Landlord shall furnish to the Premises heating, ventilation and air-conditioning ("HVAC") in accordance with the standards set forth in Exhibit C on all Business Days from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Landlord, at its expense, shall repair and maintain the HVAC System in good working order, provided repairs required as a result of the negligence or willful misconduct of Tenant, its agents or employees, shall be performed at Tenant's expense. Landlord shall have access to all air-cooling, fan, ventilating and machine rooms and electrical closets and all other mechanical installations of Landlord (collectively, "Mechanical Installations"), and Tenant shall not construct partitions or other obstructions which may interfere with Landlord's access thereto or the moving of Landlord's equipment to and from the Mechanical Installations. Neither Tenant, nor its agents, employees or contractors shall at any time enter the Mechanical Installations or tamper with, adjust, or otherwise affect such Mechanical Installations. (b) Landlord shall not be responsible if the normal operation of the Building System providing HVAC to the Premises (the "HVAC System") shall fail to provide cooled or heated air, as the case may be, in accordance with the specifications set forth in Exhibit C by reason of (i) any machinery or equipment installed by or on behalf of Tenant or any person claiming through or under Tenant, which shall have an electrical load in excess of the 26 average electrical load and human occupancy factors for the HVAC System as designed, as the case may be, or (ii) any rearrangement of partitioning or other Alterations (including the Initial Installations) made or performed by or on behalf of Tenant or any person claiming through or under Tenant. Tenant shall install, if missing, blinds or shades on all windows, which blinds and shades and the manner of installation shall be subject to Landlord's approval, and shall keep all of the operable windows in the Premises closed, and lower the blinds when necessary because of the sun's position, whenever the HVAC System is in operation or when and as reasonably required by any Requirement. Tenant at all times shall cooperate fully with Landlord and shall abide by the rules and regulations which Landlord may reasonably prescribe for the proper functioning and protection of the HVAC System. Section 11.3 Overtime Freight Elevators and HVAC. The Rent does not reflect or include any charge to Tenant for the furnishing of any freight elevator service or HVAC to the Premises during any periods other than for the hours and days set forth in Sections 11.1 and 11.2 hereof ("Overtime Periods"). Landlord shall not be required to furnish any such services during Overtime Periods unless Tenant delivers notice to Landlord's property management office serving the Building requesting such services at least 24 hours prior to the time at which such services are to be provided, but Landlord shall use reasonable efforts (without obligation to incur any additional cost) to arrange such service on such shorter notice as Tenant shall provide. If Landlord furnishes freight elevator service to the Premises during Overtime Periods, Tenant shall pay to Landlord Landlord's then established rates for such service in the Building. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in this Article 11, on a single weekend during which Tenant initially moves into the Premises for the conduct of its business, upon 5 days' prior notice from Tenant to Landlord, Landlord shall make available to Tenant freight elevator service in accordance with Landlord's then current rules and regulations applicable thereto from 8:00 p.m. on the "move-in" Friday until 7:00 p.m. on the following Sunday at no cost to Tenant. If Landlord shall furnish HVAC to the Premises during Overtime Periods, Tenant shall pay to Landlord Landlord's then established rates for such service in the Building. Section 11.4 Cleaning. Landlord shall cause the Premises (excluding any portions thereof used for the storage, preparation, service or consumption of food or beverages, as an exhibition area or classroom, for storage, as a shipping room, mail room or similar purposes, for private bathrooms, showers or exercise facilities, as a trading floor, or primarily for operation of computer, data processing, reproduction, duplicating or similar equipment) to be cleaned, substantially in accordance with the standards set forth in Exhibit D. Any areas of the Premises requiring cleaning which Landlord is not required to clean under this Section 11.4, and any additional cleaning of any portion of the Premises requested by Tenant shall be done at Tenant's expense, by Landlord's employees or Landlord's contractor, at rates which shall be competitive with rates of other cleaning contractors providing services to first-class office buildings in midtown Manhattan. Landlord and its cleaning contractor and their respective employees shall have access to the Premises at all times except between 8:00 A.M. and 5:30 P.M. on Business Days. 27 Section 11.5 Water. Landlord, at Landlord's expense, shall provide to the floor on which the Premises are located cold water for drinking, cleaning and lavatory purposes. If Tenant requires or uses water or steam for any additional purposes, Landlord may install a meter to measure the water or steam furnished. Tenant shall pay the cost of such installation, and for all maintenance, repairs and replacements thereto, and for the reasonable charges of Landlord for the water or steam furnished. Tenant shall also pay Landlord's reasonable charge for any required pumping or heating thereof, and any sewer rent, tax and/or charge now or hereafter assessed or imposed upon the Premises or the Real Property pursuant to any Requirement. If any tax is imposed upon Landlord's receipts from the sale or resale of water or steam to Tenant, Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for such tax, if and to the extent permitted by law. Section 11.6 Refuse and Rubbish Removal. Landlord shall provide refuse and rubbish removal services at the Premises for ordinary office refuse and rubbish pursuant to regulations reasonably established by Landlord. Tenant shall pay to Landlord, within 10 Business Days after delivery of an invoice therefor, Landlord's reasonable charge for such removal to the extent that the refuse generated by Tenant exceeds the refuse and rubbish customarily generated by executive and general office tenants. Tenant shall not dispose of any refuse and rubbish in the public areas of the Building, and if any Tenant Party does so, Tenant shall be liable for Landlord's reasonable charge for such removal. Tenant shall cause all Tenant Parties to observe such additional rules and regulations regarding rubbish removal and/or recycling as Landlord may, from time to time, reasonably impose. Section 11.7 Service Interruptions. Landlord reserves the right to suspend any service when necessary, by reason of Unavoidable Delays, accidents or emergencies, or for repairs, alterations or improvements which, in Landlord's reasonable judgment, are necessary or appropriate until such Unavoidable Delay, accident or emergency shall cease or such repairs, alterations or improvements are completed, and Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for any interruption, curtailment or failure to supply services. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to restore such service, remedy such situation and minimize any interference with Tenant's business, provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates, or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. The exercise of any such right or the occurrence of any such failure by Landlord shall not (a) constitute an actual or constructive eviction, in whole or in part, (b) entitle Tenant to any compensation, abatement or diminution of Rent, (c) relieve Tenant from any of its obligations under this Lease, or (d) impose any liability upon Landlord by reason of inconvenience to Tenant, or interruption of Tenant's business, or otherwise. Section 11.8 Access to Premises. Subject to Unavoidable Delays, security requirements, service interruptions, and the Rules and Regulations, Tenant shall have access to the Premises 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. 28 Section 11.9 Security. Landlord shall provide attendants in the lobby of the Building substantially comparable to the service provided in other comparable first-class office buildings in midtown Manhattan. Section 11.10 Rent Abatement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Lease, if Tenant is unable to use the Premises for the ordinary conduct of Tenant's business due solely to (a) an interruption of an Essential Service (as hereinafter defined) resulting from Landlord's performance of an improvement to the Building or (b) Landlord's breach of an obligation under this Lease to perform repairs or replacements which results in Landlord's failure to provide an Essential Service, in each case other than as a result of Unavoidable Delays, casualty or condemnation, and such condition continues for a period in excess of 10 consecutive Business Days after (i) Tenant furnishes a notice to Landlord (the "Abatement Notice") stating that Tenant's inability to use the Premises is solely due to such condition, (ii) Tenant does not actually use or occupy the Premises during such period for the ordinary conduct of its business and (iii) such condition has not resulted from the negligence or misconduct of any Tenant Party, then Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment and Tenant's Operating Payment shall be abated on a per diem basis for the period commencing on the 11th Business Day after Tenant delivers the Abatement Notice to Landlord and ending on the earlier of (x) the date Tenant reoccupies any portion of the Premises, and (y) the date on which such condition is substantially remedied. "Essential Service" shall mean a service which Landlord is obligated under this Lease to provide to Tenant which if not provided shall (1) effectively deny access to the Premises, (2) threaten the health or safety of any occupants of the Premises or (3) prevent or materially and adversely restrict the usage of more than 25% of the Premises for the ordinary conduct of Tenant's business. Section 11.11 Condenser Water. Landlord shall provide condenser water in connection with Tenant's independent supplemental air-conditioning units, which shall not exceed 10 tons in the aggregate and which shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of Article 5 hereof. Tenant shall pay Landlord an annual charge for such condenser water at Landlord's then established rate for condenser water, which charge shall be payable in equal monthly installments together with Tenant's payment of Fixed Rent and shall be payable whether or not Tenant utilizes such amount of condenser water. If Tenant fails to utilize any quantity of condenser water for one year or more, Landlord shall have the right upon notice to Tenant to irrevocably reduce the number of tons of condenser water to which Tenant is entitled hereunder by the number of such unutilized tons (unless Tenant notifies Landlord within ten days after Tenant's receipt of such notice from Landlord that it anticipates utilizing a portion or all of such unutilized tons of condenser water, in which case Landlord shall only have the right to reduce the number of tons of condenser water to which Tenant is then entitled by such number as Tenant does not anticipate utilizing, provided, however, that Landlord shall have the right upon further notice to Tenant to reduce the number of tons of condenser water to which Tenant is then entitled by any number of tons of condenser water that Tenant has reserved in its notice to Landlord if Tenant fails to utilize any such reserved tons or otherwise fails to demonstrate that it has increased the size of its supplemental air conditioning system within 180 days after prior to the expiration of the 29 cooling season (i.e., May 1 to September 30) next following Tenant's receipt of the first notice from Landlord), in which case Landlord shall only charge Tenant for such lower number of tons of condenser water. In addition to the foregoing charges there shall be a one-time "tap-in" fee equal to $1,500 per ton of unit capacity, payable within fifteen (15) days after rendition of a bill therefor. Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for any failure or defect in the supply or character of condenser water supplied to Tenant by reason of any Requirement, act or omission of the public service company serving the Building or for any other reason not attributable to the negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord, its agents, contractors and employees. ARTICLE 12 INSURANCE; PROPERTY LOSS OR DAMAGE; REIMBURSEMENT Section 12.1 Tenant's Insurance. (a) Tenant, at its expense, shall obtain and keep in full force and effect during the Term and prior to having access to the Premises: (i) a policy of commercial general liability insurance on an occurrence basis against claims for personal injury, death and/or property damage occurring in or about the Premises or the Building, under which Tenant is named as the insured and Landlord, Landlord's managing agent, any Lessors, any Mortgagees and any other parties whose names shall have been furnished by Landlord to Tenant from time to time are named as additional insureds, which insurance shall provide primary coverage without contribution from any other insurance carried by or for the benefit of Landlord, Landlord's managing agent or any Lessors or Mortgagees named as additional insureds, and Tenant agrees to obtain blanket broad-form contractual liability coverage to insure its indemnity obligations set forth in Article 32 hereof. The minimum limits of liability applying exclusively to the Premises shall be a combined single limit with respect to each occurrence and in the aggregate in an amount of not less than $5,000,000; provided, however, that Landlord shall retain the right to require Tenant to increase such coverage, from time to time, to that amount of insurance which in Landlord's reasonable judgment is then being customarily required by landlords for similar office space in first-class buildings in the City of New York. The deductible or self insured retention for such policy shall in no event exceed $10,000 per occurrence at any time. If the aggregate limit applying to the Premises is reduced by the payment of a claim or establishment of a reserve equal to or greater than 50% of the annual aggregate, Tenant shall immediately arrange to have the aggregate limit restored by endorsement to the existing policy or the purchase of an additional insurance policy unless, in Landlord's reasonable judgment, Tenant maintains sufficient excess liability insurance (with a drop down endorsement) to satisfy the liability requirements of this Lease without the reinstatement of the aggregate limit; 30 (ii) insurance against loss or damage by fire, and such other risks and hazards as are insurable under then available standard forms of "all risk" property insurance policies with extended coverage, insuring Tenant's Property, and all Specialty Alterations for the full insurable value thereof or replacement cost value thereof, having a deductible amount, if any, not in excess of $25,000; (iii) during the performance of any Alteration, until completion thereof, Builder's risk insurance on an "all risk" basis and on a completed value form including a Permission to Complete and Occupy endorsement, for full replacement value covering the interest of Landlord and Tenant (and their respective contractors and subcontractors), any Mortgagee and any Lessor in all work incorporated in the Building and all materials and equipment in or about the Premises; (iv) Workers' Compensation Insurance, as required by law; (v) Business Interruption Insurance; and (vi) such other insurance in such amounts as Landlord, any Mortgagee and/or any Lessor may reasonably require from time to time and which is then customarily required from office tenants by owners of first-class buildings in midtown Manhattan. (b) All insurance required to be carried by Tenant pursuant to the terms of this Lease (i) shall contain a provision that (A) no act or omission of Tenant other than intentional acts shall affect or limit the obligation of the insurance company to pay the amount of any loss sustained, (B) the policy shall be noncancellable and/or no material change in coverage shall be made thereto unless Landlord, Lessors and Mortgagees shall have received 30 days' prior notice of the same, by certified mail, return receipt requested, and (C) Tenant shall be solely responsible for the payment of all premiums under such policies and Landlord, Lessors and Mortgagees shall have no obligation for the payment thereof, and (ii) shall be effected under valid and enforceable policies issued by reputable and independent insurers permitted to do business in the State of New York and rated in Best's Insurance Guide, or any successor thereto (or if there be none, an organization having a national reputation) as having a Best's Rating of "A-" and a "Financial Size Category" of at least "X" or, if such ratings are not then in effect, the equivalent thereof or such other financial rating as Landlord may at any time consider appropriate. (c) On or prior to the Commencement Date, Tenant shall deliver to Landlord appropriate policies of insurance, including evidence of waivers of subrogation required to be carried by each party pursuant to this Article 12. Evidence of each renewal or replacement of a policy shall be delivered by Tenant to Landlord at least 10 days prior to the expiration of such policy. In lieu of the policies of insurance required to be delivered to Landlord pursuant to this Article (the "Policies"), Tenant may deliver to Landlord a certification from Tenant's insurance company (on the form currently designated "Acord 27", or the equivalent, rather 31 than on the form currently designated "Acord 25-S", or the equivalent) which shall be binding on Tenant's insurance company, and which shall expressly provide that such certification (i) conveys to Landlord and any other named insured and/or additional insureds thereunder (the "Insured Parties") all the rights and privileges afforded under the applicable Policies as primary insurance, and (ii) contains an unconditional obligation of the insurance company to advise all Insured Parties in writing by certified mail, return receipt requested, at least 30 days in advance of any termination or change to the applicable Policies that would affect the interest of any of the Insured Parties. Section 12.2 Waiver of Subrogation. Landlord and Tenant shall each procure an appropriate clause in or endorsement to any property insurance covering the Premises, the Building and personal property, fixtures and equipment located therein, wherein the insurance companies shall waive subrogation or consent to a waiver of right of recovery, and Landlord and Tenant agree not to make any claim against, or seek to recover from, the other for any loss or damage to its property or the property of others resulting from fire and other hazards to the extent covered by such property insurance; provided, however, that the release, discharge, exoneration and covenant not to sue contained herein shall be limited by and coextensive with the terms and provisions of the waiver of subrogation or waiver of right of recovery. If the payment of an additional premium is required for the inclusion of, or consent to, a waiver of subrogation, each party shall advise the other, in writing, of the amount of any such additional premiums and the other party may pay such additional premium. If such other party shall not elect to pay such additional premium, then the first party shall not be required to obtain such waiver of subrogation or consent to waiver. Tenant acknowledges that Landlord shall not carry insurance on, and shall not be responsible for, (a) damage to any Specialty Alterations, (b) Tenant's Property, and (c) any loss suffered by Tenant due to interruption of Tenant's business. ARTICLE 13 DESTRUCTION - FIRE OR OTHER CAUSE Section 13.1 Restoration. If the Premises are damaged by fire or other casualty, or if the Building is damaged such that Tenant is deprived of reasonable access to the Premises, Tenant shall give prompt notice to Landlord, and the damage shall be repaired by Landlord, at its expense, to substantially the condition of the Premises prior to the damage, subject to the provisions of any Mortgage or Superior Lease, but Landlord shall have no obligation to repair or restore (a) Tenant's Property or (b) any Specialty Alterations. Until such time as the restoration of the Premises is Substantially Completed or would have been Substantially Completed but for Tenant Delay, Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment and Tenant's Operating Payment shall be reduced in the proportion by which the area of the part of the Premises (excluding any portion thereof used principally for storage) which is not usable (or accessible) and is not used by Tenant bears to the total area of the Premises (excluding any such portion). 32 Section 13.2 Landlord's Termination Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 13.1, if the Premises are totally damaged or are rendered wholly untenantable, or if the Building is so damaged that in Landlord's opinion, substantial alteration, demolition, or reconstruction of the Building is required (whether or not the Premises are so damaged or rendered untenantable), then in either of such events, Landlord may, not later than 60 days following the date of the damage, give Tenant a notice terminating this Lease, provided that if the Premises are not damaged, Landlord may not terminate this Lease unless Landlord similarly terminates the leases of other office tenants in the Building aggregating at least either (a) 33% of the portion of the Building occupied for office purposes immediately prior to such damage or (b) 50% of the rentable area of the Building located in the elevator bank servicing the Premises. If this Lease is so terminated, (i) the Term shall expire upon the date set forth in Landlord's notice, which shall not be less than 30 days after such notice is given, and Tenant shall vacate the Premises and surrender the same to Landlord no later than the date set forth in the notice, (ii) Tenant's liability for Rent shall cease as of the date of the damage, and (iii) any prepaid Rent for any period after the date of the damage shall be refunded by Landlord to Tenant. Section 13.3 Tenant's Termination Right. If the Premises are totally damaged and are thereby rendered wholly untenantable, or if the Building shall be so damaged that Tenant is deprived of reasonable access to the Premises, and if Landlord elects to restore the Premises, Landlord shall, within 60 days following the date of the damage, cause a contractor or architect selected by Landlord to give notice (the "Restoration Notice") to Tenant of the date by which such contractor or architect estimates the restoration of the Premises shall be Substantially Completed. If such date, as set forth the Restoration Notice, is more than 15 months from the date of such damage, then Tenant shall have the right to terminate this Lease by giving notice (the "Termination Notice") to Landlord not later than 30 days following Tenant's receipt of the Restoration Notice. If Tenant delivers to Landlord a Termination Notice, this Lease shall be deemed to have terminated as of the date of the giving of the Termination Notice, in the manner set forth in the second sentence of Section 13.2. Section 13.4 Final 18 Months. Notwithstanding anything set forth to the contrary in this Article 13, in the event that any damage rendering the Premises wholly untenantable occurs during the final 18 months of the Term, either Landlord or Tenant may terminate this Lease by notice to the other party within 30 days after the occurrence of such damage and this Lease shall expire on the 30th day after the date of such notice. For purposes of this Section 13.4, the Premises shall be deemed wholly untenantable if due to such damage, Tenant shall be precluded from using more than 50% of the Premises for the conduct of its business and Tenant's inability to so use the Premises is reasonably expected to continue until at least the earlier of the (a) Expiration Date and (b) the 90th day after the date when such damage occurs. Section 13.5 Waiver of Real Property Law Section 227. This Article 13 constitutes an express agreement governing any case of damage or destruction of the Premises or the 33 Building by fire or other casualty, and Section 227 of the Real Property Law of the State of New York, which provides for such contingency in the absence of an express agreement, and any other law of like nature and purpose now or hereafter in force, shall have no application in any such case. Section 13.6 Landlord's Liability. Any Building employee to whom any property shall be entrusted by or on behalf of Tenant shall be deemed to be acting as Tenant's agent with respect to such property and neither Landlord nor any of the Indemnitees shall be liable for any damage to such property, or for the loss of or damage to any property of Tenant by theft or otherwise. None of the Indemnitees shall be liable for any injury or damage to persons or property or interruption of Tenant's business resulting from fire or other casualty, any damage caused by other tenants or persons in the Building or by construction of any private, public or quasi-public work, or any latent defect in the Premises or in the Building (except that Landlord shall be required to repair the same to the extent provided in Article 7). No penalty shall accrue for delays which may arise by reason of adjustment of fire insurance on the part of Landlord or Tenant, or Unavoidable Delays, in connection with any repair or restoration of any portion of the Premises or of the Building. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises during the performance of any such repair or restoration, provided, however, that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. Nothing in this Section 13.6 shall affect any right of Landlord to be indemnified by Tenant under Article 32 for payments made to compensate for losses of third parties. Section 13.7 Windows. If at any time any windows of the Premises are temporarily closed, darkened or covered over by reason of repairs, maintenance, alterations or improvements to the Building, or any of such windows are permanently closed, darkened or covered over due to any Requirement, Landlord shall not be liable for any damage Tenant may sustain and Tenant shall not be entitled to any compensation or abatement of any Rent, nor shall the same release Tenant from its obligations hereunder or constitute an actual or constructive eviction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event any windows of the Premises are temporarily closed, darkened or covered other than in connection with the Building Renovations or Requirements, Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to minimize the length of time such windows are closed, darkened or covered, without any obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. ARTICLE 14 EMINENT DOMAIN Section 14.1 (a) Total Taking. If all or substantially all of the Premises, the Building or the Real Property shall be acquired or condemned for any public or quasi-public 34 purpose, this Lease shall terminate and the Term shall end as of the date of the vesting of title, with the same effect as if such date were the Expiration Date, and Rent shall be prorated and adjusted as of such date. (b) Partial Taking. If only a part of the Premises, the Building or the Real Property shall be acquired or condemned, this Lease and the Term shall continue in full force and effect, provided that from and after the date of the vesting of title, the Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment, Tenant's Operating Payment and Tenant's Proportionate Share shall be modified to reflect the reduction of the Premises and/or the Building as a result of such acquisition or condemnation. (c) Landlord's Termination Right. Whether or not the Premises are affected, Landlord may give to Tenant, within 60 days following the date upon which Landlord receives notice that all or a portion of the Building or the Real Property has been acquired or condemned, a notice of termination of this Lease, provided that Landlord elects to terminate leases (including this Lease) affecting at least either (i) 33% of the portion of the Building occupied for office purposes immediately prior to such acquisition or condemnation or (ii) 50% of the rentable area of the Building (excluding any rentable area leased by Landlord or its Affiliates) located in the elevator bank servicing the Premises. (d) Tenant's Termination Right. If the part of the Building or the Real Property so acquired or condemned contains a substantial part of the total area of the Premises immediately prior to such acquisition or condemnation, or if, by reason of such acquisition or condemnation, Tenant no longer has reasonable means of access to the Premises, Tenant may terminate this Lease by notice to Landlord given within 60 days following the date upon which Tenant received notice of such acquisition or condemnation. If Tenant so notifies Landlord, this Lease shall terminate and the Term shall end and expire upon the date set forth in the notice, which date shall not be more than 30 days following the giving of such notice. If a part of the Premises shall be so acquired or condemned and this Lease and the Term shall not be terminated in accordance with this Section 14.1 Landlord, at Landlord's expense, but without requiring Landlord to spend more than it collects as an award, shall, subject to the provisions of any Mortgage or Superior Lease, restore that part of the Premises not so acquired or condemned to a self-contained rental unit substantially equivalent (with respect to character, quality, appearance and services) to that which existed immediately prior to such acquisition or condemnation, excluding Tenant's Property and/or Specialty Alterations. (e) Apportionment of Rent. Upon any termination of this Lease pursuant to the provisions of this Article 14, Fixed Rent and payments for Taxes and Operating Expenses shall be apportioned as of, and shall be paid or refunded up to and including, the date of such termination. 35 (f) Applicability. The provisions of Sections 14.1 and 14.2 shall not apply to any acquisition or condemnation of all or any part of the Premises for a period of 18 months or less. Section 14.2 Awards. Upon any acquisition or condemnation of all or any part of the Real Property, Landlord shall receive the entire award for any such acquisition or condemnation, and Tenant shall have no claim against Landlord or the condemning authority for the value of any unexpired portion of the Term, Tenant's Alterations or improvements; and Tenant hereby assigns to Landlord all of its right in and to such award. Nothing contained in this Article 14 shall be deemed to prevent Tenant from making a separate claim in any condemnation proceedings for the then value of any Tenant's Property or Specialty Alteration included in such taking and for any moving expenses, provided any such award is in addition to, and does not result in a reduction of, the award made to Landlord. Section 14.3 Temporary Taking. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 14.1, if all or any part of the Premises is acquired or condemned temporarily for a period of 18 months or less during the Term for any public or quasi-public use or purpose, Tenant shall give prompt notice to Landlord and the Term shall not be reduced or affected in any way and Tenant shall continue to pay all Rent payable by Tenant without reduction or abatement and to perform all of its other obligations under this Lease, except to the extent prevented from doing so by the condemning authority, and Tenant shall be entitled to receive any award or payment from the condemning authority for such use, which award shall be received, held and applied by Tenant as a trust fund for payment of the Rent falling due, provided that if the acquisition or condemnation is for a period extending beyond the Term, such award shall be apportioned between Landlord and Tenant and Landlord shall receive the portion of such award relating to the period after the Term. If the acquisition or condemnation of all or any part of the Premises is for a period of more than 18 months, the provisions of Sections 14.1 and 14.2 shall apply. ARTICLE 15 ASSIGNMENT AND SUBLETTING Section 15.1 (a) No Assignment or Subletting. Except as expressly set forth herein, Tenant shall not assign, mortgage, pledge, encumber, or otherwise transfer this Lease, whether by operation of law or otherwise, and shall not sublet (or underlet), or permit, or suffer the Premises or any part thereof to be used or occupied by others (whether for desk space, mailing privileges or otherwise), without Landlord's prior consent in each instance. Any assignment, sublease, mortgage, pledge, encumbrance or transfer in contravention of the provisions of this Article 15 shall be void. (b) Collection of Rent. If, without Landlord's consent, this Lease is assigned, or any part of the Premises is sublet or occupied by anyone other than Tenant or this Lease or 36 the Premises or any of Tenant's Property is encumbered (by operation of law or otherwise), Landlord may collect rent from the assignee, subtenant or occupant, and apply the net amount collected to the Rent herein reserved. No such collection of rent shall be deemed to be (i) a waiver of the provisions of this Article 15, (ii) an acceptance of the assignee, subtenant or occupant as tenant, or (iii) a release of Tenant from the performance of Tenant's covenants hereunder. Tenant shall remain fully liable for the obligations under this Lease. (c) Further Assignment/Subletting. Landlord's consent to any assignment or subletting shall not relieve Tenant from the obligation to obtain Landlord's express consent to any further assignment or subletting. In no event shall any permitted subtenant assign or encumber its sublease or further sublet any portion of its sublet space, or otherwise suffer or permit any portion of the sublet space to be used or occupied by others. Section 15.2 Tenant's Notice. If Tenant desires to assign this Lease or sublet all or any portion of the Premises, Tenant shall give notice thereof to Landlord, which shall be accompanied by (i) with respect to an assignment of this Lease, the date Tenant desires the assignment to be effective, and (ii) with respect to a sublet of all or a part of the Premises, (A) the material business terms on which Tenant would sublet such premises, and (B) a description of the portion of the Premises to be sublet. Such notice shall be deemed an irrevocable offer from Tenant to Landlord whereby Landlord (or Landlord's designee) shall be granted the right, at Landlord's option, (1) to terminate this Lease with respect to such space as Tenant proposes to sublease, provided such space consists of at least 75% of the Premises and the term of the proposed sublease is for a period equal to 75% or more of the remaining term of this Lease (without giving effect to any renewal thereof which Tenant has not then exercised) upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth, or (2) if the proposed transaction is an assignment of this Lease or a subletting of 75% or more of the rentable square footage of the Premises for a period equal to 75% or more of the term of this Lease (without giving effect to any renewal thereof which Tenant has not then exercised), to terminate this Lease with respect to the entire Premises. Such option may be exercised by notice from Landlord to Tenant within 45 days after Landlord's receipt of Tenant's notice. Section 15.3 Landlord's Termination. If Landlord exercises its option to terminate all or a portion of this Lease pursuant to Section 15.2: (a) this Lease shall end and expire with respect to all or a portion of the Premises, as the case may be, on the date that such assignment or sublease was to commence or, in the absence of such date, a date designated by Landlord, (b) Fixed Rent and Tenant's payments for Taxes and Operating Expenses shall be apportioned, paid or refunded as of such date, (c) Tenant, upon Landlord's request, shall enter into an amendment of this Lease ratifying and confirming such total or partial termination, and setting forth any appropriate modifications to the terms and provisions hereof, (d) Landlord shall be free to lease the Premises (or any part thereof) to Tenant's prospective assignee or subtenant and (e) if this Lease shall end with respect to a portion of the Premises, Tenant shall, at Tenant's sole cost and expense, separately demise such portion of the Premises, and make available all utility services so as to make such portion of the 37 Premises a self-contained rental unit satisfactory in all respects to Landlord and in compliance with all Requirements. Section 15.4 (a) Landlord's Leaseback. If Landlord receives a notice from Tenant as described in Section 15.2, Landlord or its designee may, at its option, in lieu of exercising the option described in Section 15.2, sublease from Tenant the space described in Tenant's notice (or, if the space described in Tenant's notice constitutes 75 percent or more of the rentable square footage contained in the Premises, Landlord may sublease from Tenant the entire Premises) (such space being hereafter referred to as the "Leaseback Space"). If Landlord exercises its option to sublet the Leaseback Space, such sublease to Landlord or its designee (as subtenant) shall be at a rental rate equal to the product of the lesser of (A) the rent per rentable square foot (including Fixed Rent and Additional Rent) then payable pursuant to this Lease, and (B) the rent per rentable square foot set forth in the proposed sublease, multiplied by the rentable square foot area of the Leaseback Space; shall be for the same term as that of the proposed subletting; and shall: (i) be expressly subject to all of the covenants, terms and conditions of this Lease except such as are irrelevant or inapplicable, and except as expressly set forth in this Article 15 to the contrary; (ii) give the subtenant the unqualified and unrestricted right, without Tenant's consent, to assign such sublease or any interest therein and/or to sublet all or any portion of the space covered by such sublease and to make alterations and improvements in the space covered by such sublease, and if the proposed sublease will result in all or substantially all of the Premises being sublet, grant Landlord or its designee the option to extend the term of such sublease for the balance of the Term of this Lease less one day; (iii) provide that any assignee or further subtenant of Landlord or its designee, may, at Landlord's option, be permitted to make alterations and decorations in such space and that any or all of such alterations, decorations and installations may be removed by such assignee or subtenant, at its option, prior to or upon the expiration or other termination of such sublease, provided that such assignee or subtenant shall, at its expense, repair any damage caused by such removal; and (iv) provide that (A) the parties to such sublease expressly negate any intention that the sublease estate be merged with any other estate held by either of such parties, (B) any assignment or sublease by Landlord or its designee (as the subtenant) may be for any purpose or purposes that Landlord, in its sole discretion, shall deem appropriate, (C) Tenant shall, at its sole cost and expense, at all times provide and permit reasonably appropriate means of ingress to and egress from such space so sublet by Tenant to Landlord or its designee, (D) Landlord may, at Tenant's expense, make such alterations as may be required or deemed necessary by Landlord to physically separate the Leaseback Space from the balance of the Premises and to 38 comply with any Requirements or insurance requirements relating to such separation, and (E) at the expiration of the term of such sublease, Tenant will accept the Leaseback Space in its then existing condition, subject to the obligations of the subtenant to make such repairs as may be necessary to preserve such premises in good order and condition. (b) Obligations Re: Leaseback Space. If Landlord exercises its option to sublet the Leaseback Space: (i) Performance by Landlord, or its designee, under a sublease of the Leaseback Space shall be deemed performance by Tenant of any similar obligation under this Lease and Tenant shall not be liable for any default under this Lease or deemed to be in default hereunder if such default is occasioned by or arises from any act or omission of the subtenant pursuant such sublease; or (ii) Tenant shall have no obligation, at the expiration or earlier termination of the Term, to remove any alteration, installation or improvement made in the Leaseback Space by Landlord (or Landlord's designee); and (iii) Any consent required of Tenant, as Landlord under the sublease, shall be deemed granted if consent with respect thereto is granted by Landlord under this Lease, and any failure of Landlord (or its designee) to comply with the provisions of the sublease other than with respect to the payment of Rent shall not constitute a default thereunder or hereunder if Landlord shall have consented to such non-compliance. Section 15.5 Conditions to Assignment/Subletting. (a) If Landlord does not exercise any of Landlord's options provided under Sections 15.2 and 15.4, and provided that no Event of Default then exists, Landlord's consent to the proposed assignment or subletting shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Such consent shall be granted or denied, as the case may be, within 30 days after Landlord's receipt of (i) a true and complete statement reasonably detailing the identity of the proposed assignee or subtenant, the nature of its business and its proposed use of the Premises, (ii) current financial information with respect to the proposed assignee or subtenant, including its most recent financial statements, and (iii) any other information Landlord may reasonably request, provided that: (A) in Landlord's reasonable judgment, the proposed assignee or subtenant is engaged in a business or activity, and the Premises will be used in a manner, which (1) is in keeping with the then standards of the Building, (2) limits the use of the Premises to general and executive offices, and (3) does not violate any restrictions set forth in this Lease, any Mortgage or Superior Lease or any negative covenant as to use of the Premises required by any other lease in the Building; 39 (B) the proposed assignee or subtenant is a reputable Person or entity of good character with sufficient financial means to perform all of its obligations under this Lease or the sublease, as the case may be, and Landlord has been furnished with reasonable proof thereof, and Landlord or any Affiliate of Landlord is not litigating against or has been threatened with litigation by such proposed assignee of subtenant or its Affiliates within the prior 12 months; (C) if Landlord has, or reasonably expects to have within four months thereafter, comparable space available in the Building, neither the proposed assignee or subtenant nor any Affiliate of the proposed assignee or subtenant is then an occupant of the Building; (D) the proposed assignee or subtenant is not a Person or entity (or Affiliate of a Person or entity) with whom Landlord or Landlord's Agent is then, or has been within the prior four months, negotiating in connection with the rental of space in the Building; (E) the form of the proposed sublease or instrument of assignment shall be reasonably satisfactory to Landlord and shall comply with the provisions of this Article 15; (F) there shall be not more than 3 occupants of the Premises; (G) the aggregate consideration to be paid by the proposed subtenant under the terms of the proposed sublease shall not be less than the aggregate fixed rent and additional rent at which Landlord is then offering to lease other space in the Building (the "Market Sub-Rent"), determined as though the Premises were vacant and in their then "as is" condition, and taking into account (x) the length of the term of the proposed sublease, and (y) the location of the Premises in the Building; (H) Tenant shall, upon demand, reimburse Landlord for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Landlord in connection with such assignment or sublease, including any investigations as to the acceptability of the proposed assignee or subtenant, reviewing any plans and specifications for Alterations proposed to be made in connection therewith, and all legal costs reasonably incurred in connection with the granting of any requested consent; (I) Tenant has not and shall not (A) publicize the availability of the Premises, or (B) list the Premises to be sublet or assigned with a broker, agent or other entity or otherwise offer the Premises for subletting at a rental rate of less than the Market Sub-Rent; (J) if the proposed subtenant or assignee is an entity organized under the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States or any state thereof, or is not a 40 United States citizen, if an individual, such Person shall waive any immunity to which it may entitled, and shall be subject to the service of process in, and the jurisdiction of the courts of, the City and State of New York; and (K) in Landlord's reasonable judgment, the proposed assignee or subtenant shall not be of a type or character, or engaged in a business or activity, or owned or controlled by or identified with any entity, which may result in protests or civil disorders or commotions at, or other disruptions of the normal business activities in, the Building. (b) With respect to each and every subletting and/or assignment authorized by Landlord under the provisions of this Lease, it is further agreed that: (i) the form of the proposed assignment or sublease shall be reasonably satisfactory to Landlord and shall comply with the provisions of this Article; (ii) no sublease shall be for a term ending later than one day prior to the Expiration Date of this Lease; (iii) no sublease shall be delivered to any subtenant, and no subtenant shall take possession of any part of the Premises, until an executed counterpart of such sublease has been delivered to Landlord and approved by Landlord as provided in Section 15.5(a); (iv) if an Event of Default shall occur at any time prior to the effective date of such assignment or subletting, then Landlord's consent thereto, if previously granted, shall be immediately deemed revoked without further notice to Tenant, and if such assignment or subletting would have been permitted without Landlord's consent pursuant to Section 15.9, such permission shall be void and without force and effect, and in either such case, any such assignment or subletting shall constitute a further Event of Default hereunder; and (v) each sublease shall be subject and subordinate to this Lease and to the matters to which this Lease is or shall be subordinate, it being the intention of Landlord and Tenant that Tenant shall assume and be liable to Landlord for any and all acts and omissions of all subtenants and anyone claiming under or through any subtenants which, if performed or omitted by Tenant, would be a default under this Lease; and Tenant and each subtenant shall be deemed to have agreed that upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default hereunder, Tenant has hereby assigned to Landlord, and Landlord may, at its option, accept such assignment of, all right, title and interest of Tenant as sublandlord under such sublease, together with all modifications, extensions and renewals thereof then in effect, and such subtenant shall, at Landlord's option and upon notice from Landlord, attorn to Landlord pursuant to the then executory provisions of this Lease other than the 41 monetary terms of this Lease, which monetary terms shall be governed by the terms of such sublease, except that Landlord shall not be (A) liable for any previous act or omission of Tenant under such sublease, (B) subject to any counterclaim, offset or defense, which theretofore accrued to such subtenant against Tenant, (C) bound by any previous modification of such sublease not consented to by Landlord, or by any prepayment of more than one month's rent and additional rent under such sublease, (D) bound to return such subtenant's security deposit, if any, except to the extent that Landlord shall receive actual possession of such deposit and such subtenant shall be entitled to the return of all or any portion of such deposit under the terms of its sublease, or (E) obligated to make any payment to or on behalf of such subtenant, or to perform any work in the subleased space or the Building, or in any way to prepare the subleased space for occupancy, beyond Landlord's obligations under this Lease. The provisions of this Section 15.5(b)(v) shall be self-operative, and no further instrument shall be required to give effect to this provision, provided that the subtenant shall execute and deliver to Landlord any instruments Landlord may reasonably request to evidence and confirm such subordination and attornment. Section 15.6 Binding on Tenant; Indemnification of Landlord. Notwithstanding any assignment or subletting or any acceptance of Rent by Landlord from any assignee or subtenant, Tenant shall remain fully liable for the payment of all Rent due and for the performance of all other terms, covenants and conditions contained in this Lease on Tenant's part to be observed and performed, and any default under any term, covenant or condition of this Lease by any subtenant or assignee or anyone claiming under or through any subtenant or assignee shall be deemed to be a default under this Lease by Tenant. Tenant shall indemnify, defend, protect and hold harmless Landlord from and against any and all Losses (as defined in Section 32.1(b)) resulting from any claims that may be made against Landlord by the proposed assignee or subtenant or anyone claiming under or through any subtenant or by any brokers or other Persons claiming a commission or similar compensation in connection with the proposed assignment or sublease, irrespective of whether Landlord shall give or decline to give its consent to any proposed assignment or sublease, or if Landlord shall exercise any of its options under this Article 15. Section 15.7 Tenant's Failure to Complete. If Landlord consents to a proposed assignment or sublease and Tenant fails to execute and deliver to Landlord such assignment or sublease within 90 days after the giving of such consent or the economic terms of such sublease in the aggregate are less than 95% of the value of the economic terms proposed to Landlord pursuant to Section 15.2, then Tenant shall again comply with all of the provisions and conditions of Sections 15.2, 15.4 and 15.5 hereof before assigning this Lease or subletting all or part of the Premises. Section 15.8 Profits. If Tenant shall enter into any assignment or sublease permitted hereunder or consented to by Landlord, Tenant shall, within 60 days of Landlord's consent to such assignment or sublease, deliver to Landlord a complete list of Tenant's reasonable third-party brokerage fees, legal fees and architectural fees, work allowances or costs of 42 improvements performed by Tenant in connection with such assignment or sublease and reasonable rent concessions (collectively, "Tenant's Expenses") paid or to be paid in connection with such transaction, together with a list of all of Tenant's Property to be transferred to such assignee or sublessee. Tenant shall deliver to Landlord evidence of the payment of such fees promptly after the same are paid. In consideration of such assignment or subletting, Tenant shall pay to Landlord: (a) In the case of an assignment, on the effective date of the assignment, an amount equal to 50% of all sums and other consideration paid to Tenant by the assignee for or by reason of such assignment (including sums paid for the sale or rental of Tenant's Property, less, in the case of a sale thereof, the then fair market value thereof, as reasonably determined by Landlord) after first deducting Tenant's Expenses in connection with such transaction; or (b) In the case of a sublease, 50% of any consideration payable under the sublease to Tenant by the subtenant which exceeds on a per square foot basis the Fixed Rent and Additional Rent accruing during the term of the sublease in respect of the subleased space (together with any sums paid for the sale or rental of Tenant's Property, less, in the case of the sale thereof, the then fair market value thereof, as reasonably determined by Landlord) after first deducting Tenant's Expenses in connection with such transaction, and if such sublease is less than the entire Premises, the actual cost incurred by Tenant in separately demising the subleased space. The sums payable under this clause shall be paid by Tenant to Landlord as and when paid by the subtenant to Tenant. Section 15.9 (a) Transfers. If Tenant is a corporation, the transfer by one or more transfers, directly or indirectly, by operation of law or otherwise, of a majority of the stock of Tenant shall be deemed a voluntary assignment of this Lease; provided, however, that the provisions of this Article 15 shall not apply to the transfer of shares of stock of Tenant if and so long as Tenant is publicly traded on a nationally recognized stock exchange. For purposes of this Section 15.9 the term "transfers" shall be deemed to include the issuance of new stock or of treasury stock which results in a majority of the stock of Tenant being held by a Person or Persons that do not hold a majority of the stock of Tenant on the date hereof. If Tenant is a partnership, the transfer by one or more transfers, directly or indirectly, by operation of law or otherwise, of a majority interest in the partnership or otherwise in violation of the provision of Section 29.2 shall be deemed a voluntary assignment of this Lease. If Tenant is a limited liability company, trust, or any other legal entity (including a corporation or a partnership), the transfer by one or more transfers, directly or indirectly, of Control of such entity, however characterized, shall be deemed a voluntary assignment of this Lease. The provisions of Section 15.1 shall not apply to transactions with an entity into or with which Tenant is merged or consolidated or to which substantially all of Tenant's assets are transferred so long as (i) such transfer was made for a legitimate independent business purpose and not for the purpose of transferring this Lease, (ii) the successor to Tenant has a net worth computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles at least equal to the greater of (1) the net worth of Tenant immediately prior to such merger, 43 consolidation or transfer, and (2) the net worth of the original Tenant on the date of this Lease, and (iii) proof satisfactory to Landlord of such net worth is delivered to Landlord at least 10 days prior to the effective date of any such transaction. Tenant may also, upon prior notice to but without the consent of Landlord, permit any Person which Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with the original Tenant named herein (a "Related Entity") to sublet all or part of the Premises for any Permitted Use for so long as such Person remains a Related Entity, provided the Related Entity is in Landlord's reasonable judgment of a character and engaged in a business which is in keeping with the standards for the Building and the occupancy thereof. Such sublease shall not be deemed to vest in any such Related Entity any right or interest in this Lease or the Premises nor shall it relieve, release, impair or discharge any of Tenant's obligations hereunder. (b) Applicability. The limitations set forth in this Section 15.9 shall apply to subtenant(s), assignee(s) and guarantor(s) of this Lease, if any, and any transfer by any such entity in violation of this Section 15.9 shall be a transfer in violation of Section 15.1. (c) Modifications, Takeover Agreements. Any modification, amendment or extension of a sublease and/or any other agreement by which a landlord (or its affiliate) of a building other than the Building agrees to assume or perform the obligations of Tenant under this Lease shall be deemed a sublease for the purposes of Section 15.1 hereof. Section 15.10 Assumption of Obligations. Any assignment or transfer, whether made with Landlord's consent or without Landlord's consent, if and to the extent permitted hereunder, shall not be effective unless and until the assignee executes, acknowledges and delivers to Landlord (a) an agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Landlord whereby the assignee (i) assumes Tenant's obligations under this Lease and (ii) agrees that, notwithstanding such assignment or transfer, the provisions of Section 15.1 hereof shall be binding upon it in respect of all future assignments and transfers and (b) certificates or policies of insurance as required under Article 12. Section 15.11 Tenant's Liability. The joint and several liability of Tenant and any successors-in-interest of Tenant and the due performance of Tenant's obligations under this Lease shall not be discharged, released or impaired by any agreement or stipulation made by Landlord, or any grantee or assignee of Landlord, extending the time, or modifying any of the terms and provisions of this Lease, or by any waiver or failure of Landlord, or any grantee or assignee of Landlord, to enforce any of the terms and provisions of this Lease. Section 15.12 Listings in Building Directory. The listing of any name other than that of Tenant on the doors of the Premises, the Building directory or elsewhere shall not vest any right or interest in this Lease or in the Premises, nor be deemed to constitute Landlord's consent to any assignment or transfer of this Lease or to any sublease of the Premises or to the use or occupancy thereof by others. Any such listing shall constitute a privilege revocable in Landlord's discretion by notice to Tenant. 44 Section 15.13 Lease Disaffirmance or Rejection. If at any time after an assignment by Tenant named herein, this Lease is not affirmed or rejected in any proceeding of the types described in Sections 18.1(f) and (g) hereof or any similar proceeding, or upon a termination of this Lease due to any such proceeding, Tenant named herein, upon request of Landlord given within 30 days after such disaffirmance, rejection or termination (and actual notice thereof to Landlord in the event of a disaffirmance or rejection or in the event of termination other than by act of Landlord), shall (a) pay to Landlord all Rent and other charges due and owing by the assignee to Landlord under this Lease to and including the date of such disaffirmance, rejection or termination, and (b) as "tenant," enter into a new lease of the Premises with Landlord for a term commencing on the effective date of such disaffirmance, rejection or termination and ending on the Expiration Date, unless sooner terminated in accordance therewith, at the same Rent and upon the then executory terms, covenants and conditions contained in this Lease, except that (i) the rights of Tenant named herein under the new lease shall be subject to the possessory rights of any Persons claiming through or under such assignee or by virtue of any statute or of any order of any court, (ii) such new lease shall require all defaults existing under this Lease to be cured by Tenant named herein with due diligence, and (iii) such new lease shall require Tenant named herein to pay all Rent which, had this Lease not been so disaffirmed, rejected or terminated, would have become due under the provisions of this Lease after the date of such disaffirmance, rejection or termination with respect to any period prior thereto. If Tenant named herein defaults in its obligations to enter into such new lease for a period of 10 days after Landlord's request, then, in addition to all other rights and remedies by reason of default, either at law or in equity, Landlord shall have the same rights and remedies against Tenant named herein as if it had entered into such new lease and such new lease had thereafter been terminated as of the commencement date thereof by reason of Tenant's default thereunder. ARTICLE 16 ELECTRICITY Section 16.1 (a) Electricity. Landlord shall redistribute or furnish electricity to or for the use of Tenant in the Premises for the operation of Tenant's electrical systems and equipment in the Premises, at a level sufficient to accommodate a demand load of six watts of electricity per useable square foot of office space in the Premises. An estimated charge for such electricity (the "Electrical Inclusion Factor") is included in Fixed Rent on a so-called "rent inclusion" basis; however, the value to Tenant of such service may not be fully reflected in Fixed Rent. Accordingly, Tenant agrees that following the commencement of Tenant's ordinary business activities in the Premises, Landlord may cause an independent electrical engineer or electrical consulting firm selected by Landlord ("Landlord's Consultant") to make a determination, certified in writing to Landlord and Tenant, of the full value of the electrical service supplied to Tenant, based upon a survey indicating the lighting load, office equipment and all other electrical usage by Tenant. Thereafter, Landlord may, at any time and from time to time, at its sole option, cause Landlord's Consultant to make 45 subsequent determinations of the then full value of the electrical service supplied to Tenant on the basis set forth in the immediately preceding sentence. If Landlord's Consultant determines that the full value of the electrical service supplied to Tenant exceeds the Electrical Inclusion Factor, as increased from time to time in accordance with this Section 16.1, then, upon notice to Tenant, Fixed Rent and the Electrical Inclusion Factor shall be increased to reflect the full value, on an annual basis, of such increased electrical usage by Tenant. Any increase in Fixed Rent and the Electrical Inclusion Factor shall be effective as of the date of the increase in Tenant's electrical usage, as determined by the survey, and Tenant's liability therefor shall be retroactive to such date. The computation of the Electrical Inclusion Factor under this Article 16 is intended to constitute a formula for an agreed rental adjustment and may or may not constitute an actual reimbursement to Landlord for the electrical service supplied to Tenant pursuant to this Lease. If any tax is imposed on Landlord's receipts or income from the redistribution, furnishing, or sale of electricity to Tenant as provided for above (other than a general tax on corporate income not specific to the provision of electricity), whether based on the Electrical Inclusion Factor or any increase therein provided for above or otherwise, Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for such tax, if and to the extent permitted by law. (b) Survey by Tenant. Wherever in this Section 16.1 Landlord is given the right to cause Landlord's Consultant to make a determination of the full value of the annual electric services supplied to Tenant, Tenant shall have the right (i) to dispute such determination by notice delivered to Landlord within 20 days after notice to Tenant of such determination (time being of the essence as to such date), and (ii) to designate in such notice an independent electrical engineer or electrical consulting firm ("Tenant's Consultant") to make, at Tenant's sole cost and expense, a determination of Tenant's electrical usage at the Premises, using the same method used by Landlord's Consultant as set forth in Section 16.1(a). If Tenant's Consultant determines that Tenant's electrical usage at the Premises is less than that determined by Landlord's Consultant (or if Tenant's Consultant otherwise disputes the conclusions of Landlord's Consultant) and such consultants are unable to reach agreement within 10 days following notice to Landlord of the determination by Tenant's Consultant, then Landlord's Consultant and Tenant's Consultant shall jointly appoint a third electrical engineer or consulting firm to conduct a survey to determine Tenant's electrical usage. The determination by such third electrical engineer or consulting firm shall be final and the costs of such determination shall be borne by the unsuccessful party (and if both parties are partially successful, the third electrical engineer shall apportion the costs between the parties based on the degree of success of each party). Pending such final determination, Tenant shall pay to Landlord the Electrical Inclusion Factor determined by Landlord's Consultant. Following a final determination pursuant to the terms hereof, Tenant shall pay to Landlord the amount of any underpayment by Tenant, or Landlord shall credit to Tenant the amount of any overpayment by Tenant. If Tenant shall fail to dispute the initial determination of Landlord's Consultant within the above-described 20-day period, then such determination shall be deemed to be final and binding on Landlord and Tenant. 46 (c) Electricity Rates. If Landlord's cost of electricity increases or decreases after the Commencement Date for any reason whatsoever, then the Electrical Inclusion Factor shall be increased or decreased, as the case may be, in the same percentage for the remainder of the Term . Landlord's Consultant shall determine the percentage for the changes in the Electrical Inclusion Factor resulting from any change in Landlord's cost of electricity. Landlord shall notify Tenant of any such changes and any such increase or decrease in Fixed Rent and the Electrical Inclusion Factor shall be effective as of the date of such increase or decrease in Landlord's cost of electricity, and Tenant's liability therefor shall be retroactive to such date. Notwithstanding anything set forth herein to the contrary, the Electrical Inclusion Factor shall in no event be decreased below the amount set forth in Article 1 of this Lease. (d) Submetering Option. Landlord shall have the option at any time after the Commencement Date of installing submeters in the Premises at Tenant's expense to measure Tenant's electrical consumption. If Landlord exercises such option, Fixed Rent shall be reduced by an amount equal to the Electrical Inclusion Factor in effect as of commencement of the operation of such submeters, and Tenant shall pay to Landlord, from time to time, but no more frequently than monthly, for its consumption of electricity at the Premises, a sum equal to 107.5% of the product obtained by multiplying (i) the Cost Per Kilowatt Hour, and (ii) the actual number of kilowatt hours of electric current consumed by Tenant in such billing period. If any tax is imposed upon Landlord's receipts from the sale or resale of electricity to Tenant, Tenant shall pay such tax if and to the extent permitted by law as if Tenant were the ultimate consumer of such electricity. Where more than one meter measures the electricity to Tenant, the electricity measured by each meter shall be computed and billed separately in accordance with the provisions set forth above. Bills for such amounts shall be rendered to Tenant at such times as Landlord may elect. Section 16.2 Excess Electricity. Tenant shall at all times comply with the rules and regulations of the utility company supplying electricity to the Building. Subject to Tenant's right to use the electric capacity set forth in Section 16.1, Tenant shall not use any electrical equipment which, in Landlord's judgment, would exceed the capacity of the electrical equipment serving the Premises or interfere with the electrical service to other tenants of the Building. Tenant shall not make or perform, or permit the making or performance of, any Alterations to wiring installations or other electrical facilities in or serving the Premises or make any additions to the office equipment or other appliances in the Premises which utilize electrical energy (other than ordinary small office equipment) without the prior consent of Landlord, in each instance, and in compliance with this Lease. Section 16.3 Service Disruption. Landlord shall not be liable in any way to Tenant for any failure, defect or interruption of, or change in the supply, character and/or quantity of electric service furnished to the Premises for any reason except if attributable to the negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord, nor shall there be any allowance to Tenant for a diminution of rental value other than pursuant to Section 11.10, nor shall the same constitute an actual or constructive eviction of Tenant, in whole or in part, or relieve Tenant 47 from any of its Lease obligations, and no liability shall arise on the part of Landlord by reason of inconvenience, annoyance or injury to business whether electricity is provided by public or private utility or by any electricity generation system owned and operated by Landlord. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises as a result of any such failure, defect or interruption of, or change in the supply, character and/or quantity of, electric service, provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. Section 16.4 Discontinuance of Service. Landlord reserves the right to discontinue furnishing electricity to Tenant in the Premises on not less than 60 days notice to Tenant, if Landlord discontinues furnishing electricity to tenants (including Tenant) leasing an aggregate of at least 50% of the rentable area of the Building, or is required to do so under applicable Requirements. If Landlord exercises such right, or is compelled to discontinue furnishing electricity to Tenant, this Lease shall continue in full force and effect and shall be unaffected thereby, except that from and after the effective date of such discontinuance, Landlord shall not be obligated to furnish electricity to Tenant hereunder and Fixed Rent shall be reduced by an amount equal to the Electrical Inclusion Factor then in effect. If Landlord so discontinues furnishing electricity, Tenant shall arrange to obtain electricity directly from any utility company or other electricity provider serving the Premises. Such electricity may be furnished to Tenant by means of the existing electrical facilities serving the Premises, at no charge by Landlord, to the extent available, suitable and safe for such purposes. All other equipment which may be required to obtain electricity of substantially the same quantity, quality and character shall be installed by Landlord at the sole cost and expense of (a) Landlord, if Landlord voluntarily discontinues such service, or (b) Tenant, if (i) Landlord is compelled to discontinue such service by the public utility or pursuant to applicable Requirements or (ii) if such discontinuance arises out of the acts of omissions of Tenant. Landlord shall not voluntarily discontinue furnishing electricity to Tenant until Tenant is able to receive electricity directly from the utility company or other company servicing the Building, unless the utility company or other company is not prepared to furnish electricity to the Premises on the date required as a result of Tenant's delay or negligence in arranging for service or Tenant's refusal to provide the utility company or other company with a deposit or other security requested by the utility company or other company or Tenant's refusal to take any other action requested by the utility company or other company. ARTICLE 17 ACCESS TO PREMISES Section 17.1 Landlord's Access. (a) Tenant shall permit Landlord, Landlord's agents, utility companies and other service providers servicing the Building to erect, use and maintain ducts, pipes and conduits in and through the Premises provided such use does not cause the usable area of the Premises to be reduced beyond an immaterial amount. Landlord 48 shall promptly repair any damage to the Premises or Tenant's Property caused by any work performed pursuant to this Article. Any pipes, ducts, or conduits installed in or through the Premises pursuant to this Section 17.1 shall either be concealed behind, beneath or within then existing partitioning, columns, ceilings or floors located in the Premises, or completely furred at points immediately adjacent to existing partitioning columns or ceilings located in the Premises. (b) Landlord, any Lessor or Mortgagee and any other party designated by Landlord and their respective agents shall have the right to enter the Premises at all reasonable times, upon reasonable notice (which notice may be oral) except in the case of emergency, (i) to examine the Premises, (ii) to show the Premises to prospective purchasers, Mortgagees or Lessors of the Building and their respective agents and representatives or others, and during the last 12 months of the Term to prospective lessees of premises in the Building and (iii) to make such repairs, alterations or additions to the Premises or the Building (A) as Landlord may deem necessary or appropriate, including the right to modify or change the facade of and the windows in the Building and to install solar film on the windows, (B) which Landlord may elect to perform following Tenant's failure to perform, or (C) to comply with any Requirements, and Landlord shall be allowed to take all material into the Premises that may be required for the performance of such work without the same constituting an actual or constructive eviction of Tenant in whole or in part and without any abatement of Rent. (c) All parts (except surfaces facing the interior of the Premises) of all walls, windows and doors bounding the Premises, including exterior Building walls, exterior core corridor walls, and doors and entrances (other than doors and entrances solely connecting areas within the Premises), all balconies, terraces and roofs adjacent to the Premises, all space in or adjacent to the Premises used for shafts, stacks, risers, fan rooms, electrical and communication closets, stairways, mail chutes, conduits and other mechanical facilities, Building Systems and Building facilities are not part of the Premises, and Landlord shall have the use thereof and access thereto through the Premises for the purposes of Building operation, maintenance, alteration and repair. (d) If Tenant requests that Landlord landscape any setback adjacent to the Premises (a "Setback"), Landlord shall determine whether to do so in Landlord's reasonable discretion. If Landlord determines to do so, Landlord shall submit to Tenant drawings related thereto satisfactory to Landlord (including any alterations or additions to the Building required thereby) for Tenant's approval. If Tenant approves of such drawings, Landlord shall proceed to do all the work shown on such drawings (including such alterations and additions) (the "Setback Work"). If Tenant fails to approve of such drawings, Landlord shall have no further obligations under this Section but Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for the cost of the drawings, provided that if Landlord agrees to modify such drawings at the request of Tenant, the Setback Work shall include such modifications as Landlord shall approve. Tenant shall reimburse Landlord, within 15 days after demand therefor, for the cost of preparing such drawings, performing the Setback Work (plus an administrative charge equal to 10% of such 49 cost), and the cost to Landlord of maintaining the Setback Work during the Term. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to vest in Tenant any easement, license or privilege with respect to any use of the Setbacks or grant Tenant any right to use or go upon the Setbacks. Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for any damage caused to the Setbacks or other parts of the Building as a result of the Setback Work and the maintenance thereof other than damage arising from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord. Section 17.2 Final Month. If, during the last month of the Term, Tenant removes all or substantially all of Tenant's Property from the Premises, Landlord may, upon prior notice (which notice may be oral) and at reasonable hours, renovate and/or redecorate the Premises, without abatement of any Rent or incurring any liability to Tenant. Such acts shall not be deemed an actual or constructive eviction and shall have no effect upon this Lease. Section 17.3 Alterations to Building. Landlord has the right at any time to (a) change the name, number or designation by which the Building is commonly known, or (b) alter the Building to change the arrangement or location of entrances or passageways, concourses, plazas, doors and doorways, and corridors, elevators, stairs, toilets, or other public parts of the Building without any such acts constituting an actual or constructive eviction and without incurring any liability to Tenant, so long as such changes do not materially diminish access to the Building or the Premises. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises during the making of such changes or alterations, provided that Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or other premium pay rates or to incur any other overtime costs or additional expenses whatsoever. ARTICLE 18 DEFAULT Section 18.1 Tenant's Defaults. Each of the following events shall be an "Event of Default" hereunder: (a) Tenant fails to pay when due any installment of Fixed Rent or Additional Rent and such default continues for five Business Days after notice of such default is given to Tenant, except that if Landlord shall have given two such notices of default in the payment of any Rent in any twelve month period, Tenant shall not be entitled to any further notice of delinquency in the payment of any Rent or an extended period in which to make payment until such time as twelve consecutive months shall have elapsed without Tenant having failed to make any such payment when due, and the occurrence of any default in the payment of any Rent within such twelve month period after the giving of two such notices shall constitute an Event of Default; or 50 (b) Tenant defaults in the observance or performance of any other term, covenant or condition of this Lease to be observed or performed by Tenant and such default continues for more than 20 days after notice by Landlord to Tenant of such default; or if such default is of such a nature that it can be remedied but cannot be completely remedied within 20 days, Tenant fails to commence to remedy such default within 20 days after such notice or, with respect to any such default, Tenant, having commenced such remedy within 20 days after such notice, fails to diligently prosecute to completion all steps necessary to remedy such default or Tenant fails to complete such remedy within 90 days; or (c) Tenant defaults in the observance or performance of any term, covenant or condition on Tenant's part to be observed or performed under any other lease with Landlord or Landlord's predecessor-in-interest for space in the Building and such default shall continue beyond any grace period set forth in such other lease for the remedying of such default; or (d) Tenant's interest in this Lease shall devolve upon or pass to any Person, whether by operation of law or otherwise, except as expressly permitted under Article 15 hereof; or (e) Tenant generally does not, or is unable to, or admits in writing its inability to, pay its debts as they become due; or (f) Tenant files a voluntary petition in bankruptcy or insolvency, or is adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or files any petition or answer seeking any reorganization, liquidation, dissolution or similar relief under any present or future federal bankruptcy act or any other present or future applicable federal, state or other statute or law, or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors or seeks or consents to or acquiesces in the appointment of any trustee, receiver, liquidator or other similar official for Tenant or for all or any part of Tenant's property; or (g) if, within 60 days after the commencement of any proceeding against Tenant, whether by the filing of a petition or otherwise, seeking bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation, dissolution or similar relief under the present or any future federal bankruptcy act or any other present or future applicable federal, state or other statute or law, such proceeding shall not have been dismissed, or if, within 60 days after the appointment of any trustee, receiver, liquidator or other similar official for Tenant or for all or any part of Tenant's property, without the consent or acquiescence of Tenant, such appointment shall not have been vacated or otherwise discharged, or if any lien, execution or attachment or other similar filing shall be made or issued against Tenant or any of Tenant's property pursuant to which the Premises shall be taken or occupied or attempted to be taken or occupied by someone other than Tenant; or 51 (h) if Landlord applies or retains any part of the Security Deposit, and Tenant fails to deposit with Landlord the amount so applied or retained by Landlord, or to provide Landlord with a replacement Letter of Credit (as defined in Section 35.2), if applicable, within 5 days after notice by Landlord to Tenant stating the amount applied or retained. Upon the occurrence of any one or more of such Events of Default, Landlord may, at its sole option, give to Tenant three days' notice of cancellation of this Lease, in which event this Lease and the Term shall come to an end and expire (whether or not the Term shall have commenced) upon the expiration of such three day period with the same force and effect as if the date set forth in the notice was the Expiration Date stated herein; and Tenant shall then quit and surrender the Premises to Landlord, but Tenant shall remain liable for damages as provided in Article 19 hereof. Section 18.2 Tenant's Liability. If, at any time, (a) Tenant shall be comprised of two or more persons, (b) Tenant's obligations under this Lease shall have been guaranteed by any person other than Tenant, or (c) Tenant's interest in this Lease shall have been assigned, the word "Tenant," as used in Section 18.1 (e), (f) and (g), shall be deemed to mean any one or more of the Persons primarily or secondarily liable for Tenant's obligations under this Lease. Any monies received by Landlord from or on behalf of Tenant during the pendency of any proceeding of the types referred to in this Article shall be deemed paid as compensation for the use and occupancy of the Premises and the acceptance of any such compensation by Landlord shall not be deemed an acceptance of Rent or a waiver on the part of Landlord of any rights under this Lease. ARTICLE 19 REMEDIES AND DAMAGES Section 19.1 (a) Landlord's Remedies. If any Event of Default occurs, and this Lease and the Term terminates as provided in Article 18: (i) Surrender of Possession. Tenant shall quit and surrender the Premises to Landlord, and Landlord and its agents may immediately, or at any time after such Event of Default, re-enter the Premises or any part thereof, without notice, either by summary proceedings, or by any other applicable action or proceeding, or by force (to the extent permitted by law) or otherwise in accordance with applicable legal proceedings (without being liable to indictment, prosecution or damages therefor), and may repossess the Premises and dispossess Tenant and any other Persons from the Premises and remove any and all of their property and effects from the Premises. (ii) Landlord's Reletting. Landlord, at Landlord's option, may relet all or any part of the Premises from time to time, either in the name of Landlord or otherwise, to such tenant or tenants, for any term ending before, on or after the 52 Expiration Date, at such rental and upon such other conditions (which may include concessions and free rent periods) as Landlord, in its sole discretion, may determine. Landlord shall have no obligation to and shall not be liable for refusal or failure to relet or, in the event of any such reletting, for refusal or failure to collect any rent due upon any such reletting; and no such refusal or failure shall relieve Tenant of, or otherwise affect, any liability under this Lease. Landlord, at Landlord's option, may make such alterations, decorations and other physical changes in and to the Premises as Landlord, in its sole discretion, considers advisable or necessary in connection with such reletting or proposed reletting, without relieving Tenant of any liability under this Lease or otherwise affecting any such liability. (b) Tenant's Waiver. Tenant, on its own behalf and on behalf of all persons claiming through or under Tenant, including all creditors, hereby waives all rights which Tenant and all such Persons might otherwise have under any Requirement (i) to the service of any notice of intention to re-enter or to institute legal proceedings, (ii) to redeem, or to re-enter or repossess the Premises, or (iii) to restore the operation of this Lease, after (A) Tenant shall have been dispossessed or ejected by judgment or by warrant of any court or judge, (B) any re-entry by Landlord, or (C) any expiration or early termination of the term of this Lease, whether such dispossession, re-entry, expiration or termination shall be by operation of law or pursuant to the provisions of this Lease. The words "re-enter," "re-entry" and "re-entered" as used in this Lease shall not be deemed to be restricted to their technical legal meanings. (c) Other Remedies. Upon the breach or threatened breach by Tenant, or any persons claiming through or under Tenant, of any term, covenant or condition of this Lease, Landlord shall have the right to enjoin such breach and to invoke any other remedy allowed by law or in equity as if re-entry, summary proceedings and other special remedies were not provided in this Lease for such breach. The rights to invoke the remedies set forth above are cumulative and shall not preclude Landlord from invoking any other remedy allowed at law or in equity. Section 19.2 (a) Landlord's Damages. If this Lease and the Term expire and come to an end as provided in Article 18, or by or under any summary proceeding or any other action or proceeding, or if Landlord shall re-enter the Premises as provided in Section 19.1, then, in any of such events: (i) Tenant shall pay to Landlord all Rent payable under this Lease by Tenant to Landlord up to the Expiration Date or to the date of re-entry upon the Premises by Landlord, as the case may be; (ii) Landlord shall be entitled to retain all monies, if any, paid by Tenant to Landlord, whether as prepaid Rent, the Security Deposit or otherwise, and to draw upon any Letter of Credit or other security deposited by Tenant hereunder and retain the proceeds thereof, which monies, to the extent not otherwise applied to 53 amounts due and owing to Landlord, shall be credited by Landlord against any damages payable by Tenant to Landlord; (iii) Tenant shall pay to Landlord, in monthly installments, on the days specified in this Lease for payment of installments of Fixed Rent, any Deficiency; it being understood that Landlord shall be entitled to recover the Deficiency from Tenant each month as the same shall arise, and no suit to collect the amount of the Deficiency for any month, shall prejudice Landlord's right to collect the Deficiency for any subsequent month by a similar proceeding; and (iv) whether or not Landlord shall have collected any monthly Deficiency, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, on demand, in lieu of any further Deficiency and as liquidated and agreed final damages, a sum equal to the amount by which the Rent for the period which otherwise would have constituted the unexpired portion of the Term (assuming Additional Rent during such period to be the same as had been payable for the year immediately preceding such termination or re-entry, increased in each succeeding year by 4% (on a compounded basis)) exceeds the then fair and reasonable rental value of the Premises, for the same period (with both amounts being discounted to present value at a rate of interest equal to 2% below the then Base Rate) less the aggregate amount of Deficiencies theretofore collected by Landlord pursuant to the provisions of Section 19.2(a)(iii) for the same period. If, before presentation of proof of such liquidated damages to any court, commission or tribunal, the Premises, or any part thereof, shall have been relet by Landlord for the period which otherwise would have constituted the unexpired portion of the Term, or any part thereof, the amount of rent reserved upon such reletting shall be deemed, prima facie, to be the fair and reasonable rental value for the part or the whole of the Premises so relet during the term of the reletting. (b) Reletting. If the Premises, or any part thereof, shall be relet together with other space in the Building, the rents collected or reserved under any such reletting and the expenses of any such reletting shall be equitably apportioned for the purposes of this Section 19.2. Tenant shall not be entitled to any rents collected or payable under any reletting, whether or not such rents exceed the Fixed Rent reserved in this Lease. Nothing contained in Articles 18 or 19 shall be deemed to limit or preclude the recovery by Landlord from Tenant of the maximum amount allowed to be obtained as damages under applicable Requirements, or of any sums or damages to which Landlord may be entitled in addition to the damages set forth in this Section 19.2. Section 19.3 Default Interest; Other Rights of Landlord. Any damages payable under this Lease and not paid when due shall bear interest at the Interest Rate from the due date until paid, and the interest shall be deemed Additional Rent. If Tenant fails to pay any Additional Rent when due, Landlord, in addition to any other right or remedy, shall have the same rights and remedies as in the case of a default by Tenant in the payment of Fixed Rent. If Tenant is in arrears in the payment of Rent, Tenant waives Tenant's right, if any, to 54 designate the items against which any payments made by Tenant are to be credited, and Landlord may apply any payments made by Tenant to any items Landlord sees fit, regardless of any request by Tenant. Landlord reserves the right, without liability to Tenant and without constituting any claim of constructive eviction, to suspend furnishing or rendering to Tenant any overtime Building services or labor, materials or other property or services for which Tenant is obligated to pay a separate charge under this Lease (excluding electricity and water), in the event that (but only for so long as) Tenant is in arrears in paying Landlord for such items for more than five (5) days after notice from Landlord to Tenant demanding the payment of such arrears. ARTICLE 20 LANDLORD'S RIGHT TO CURE; FEES AND EXPENSES If Tenant defaults in the performance of its obligations under this Lease, Landlord, without thereby waiving such default, may perform such obligation for the account and at the expense of Tenant: (a) immediately or at any time thereafter, and without notice, in the case of emergency or in the case the default (i) materially interferes with the use by any other tenant of any space in the Building, (ii) materially interferes with the efficient operation of the Building, (iii) will result in a violation of any Requirement, (iv) will result in a cancellation of any insurance policy maintained by Landlord, or (v) will result in a breach of or default under any Superior Lease or Mortgage, and (b) in any other case if such default continues after 15 days from the date Landlord gives notice of Landlord's intention so to perform the defaulted obligation. All costs and expenses incurred by Landlord in connection with any such performance by it for the account of Tenant and all costs and expenses, including reasonable counsel fees and disbursements, incurred by Landlord in any action or proceeding (including any summary dispossess proceeding) brought by Landlord to enforce any obligation of Tenant under this Lease and/or right of Landlord in or to the Premises, shall be paid by Tenant to Landlord on demand, with interest thereon at the Interest Rate from the date incurred by Landlord. Except as expressly provided to the contrary in this Lease, all costs and expenses which, pursuant to this Lease (including the Rules and Regulations) are incurred by Landlord and payable to Landlord by Tenant, and all charges, amounts and sums payable to Landlord by Tenant for any property, material, labor, utility or other services which, pursuant to this Lease or at the request and for the account of Tenant, are provided, furnished or rendered by Landlord, shall become due and payable by Tenant to Landlord in accordance with the terms of the bills rendered by Landlord to Tenant. 55 ARTICLE 21 NO REPRESENTATIONS BY LANDLORD: LANDLORD'S APPROVAL Section 21.1 No Representations. Except as expressly set forth herein, Landlord and Landlord's agents have made no warranties, representations, statements or promises with respect to (i) the rentable and usable areas of the Premises or the Building, (ii) the amount of any current or future Operating Expenses or Taxes, (iii) the compliance with applicable Requirements of the Premises or the Building, or (iv) the suitability of the Premises for any particular use or purpose. No rights, easements or licenses are acquired by Tenant under this Lease by implication or otherwise. Tenant is entering into this Lease after full investigation and is not relying upon any statement or representation made by Landlord not embodied in this Lease. Section 21.2 Consents; Approvals. All consents or approvals of Landlord may be granted or withheld in Landlord's sole discretion unless specifically provided to the contrary in this Lease. Section 21.3 No Money Damages. Wherever in this Lease Landlord's consent or approval is required, if Landlord refuses to grant such consent or approval, whether or not Landlord expressly agreed that such consent or approval would not be unreasonably withheld, Tenant shall not make, and Tenant hereby waives, any claim for money damages (including any claim by way of set-off, counterclaim or defense) based upon Tenant's claim or assertion that Landlord unreasonably withheld or delayed its consent or approval. Tenant's sole remedy shall be an action or proceeding to enforce such provision, by specific performance, injunction or declaratory judgment. In no event shall Landlord be liable for, and Tenant, on behalf of itself and all other Tenant Parties, hereby waives any claim for, any indirect, consequential or punitive damages, including loss of profits or business opportunity, arising under or in connection with this Lease, even if due to the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord of its agents or employees. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 21.3 to the contrary, Tenant shall have the right to submit to arbitration in accordance with Article 38 hereof any dispute in respect of whether Landlord has unreasonably withheld any consent or approval to any Alteration pursuant to Section 5.1 or any assignment or subletting pursuant to Section 15.4 requested by Tenant hereunder which Landlord agreed not to unreasonably withhold hereunder, and Tenant's sole remedy in all such circumstances shall be that, upon the decision of the arbitrator that consent was unreasonably withheld, the requested consent or approval shall be deemed to have been granted as provided above without any further proceedings or any action being required. Section 21.4 Vibrations. Tenant recognizes and acknowledges that the operation of the Building equipment may cause vibration or noise which may be transmitted throughout the Premises. Landlord shall have no obligation to endeavor to reduce such vibration or noise beyond that which is prevalent in first-class renovated office buildings of comparable age and quality in midtown Manhattan. 56 ARTICLE 22 END OF TERM Section 22.1 Expiration. Upon the expiration or other termination of this Lease, Tenant shall quit and surrender the Premises to Landlord, vacant, broom clean and in good order and condition, ordinary wear and tear and damage for which Tenant is not responsible under the terms of this Lease excepted, and Tenant shall remove all of Tenant's Property and Tenant's Specialty Alterations as may be required pursuant to Article 5 of this Lease. The foregoing obligation shall survive the expiration or sooner termination of the Term. If the last day of the Term or any renewal thereof falls on Saturday or Sunday, this Lease shall expire on the immediately preceding Business Day. Section 22.2 Holdover Rent. Landlord and Tenant recognize that the damage to Landlord resulting from any failure by Tenant to timely surrender possession of the Premises may be substantial, may exceed the amount of the Rent theretofore payable hereunder, and will be impossible to accurately measure. Tenant therefore agrees that if possession of the Premises is not surrendered to Landlord on or before the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term, in addition to any other rights or remedies Landlord may have hereunder or at law, Tenant shall (a) pay to Landlord for each month (or any portion thereof) during which Tenant holds over in the Premises after the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term, a sum equal to the greater of (i) one and one-half times the Fixed Rent plus one and one-half times Tenant's Tax Payment plus one and one-half times Tenant's Operating Payment payable under this Lease for the last full calendar month of the Term in the case of the first month (or any portion thereof) of any holdover and two times the Fixed Rent plus two times Tenant's Tax Payment plus two times Tenant's Operating Payment payable under this Lease for the last full calendar month of the Term in the case of each month (or any portion thereof) thereafter or (ii) one and one-half times the fair market rental value of the Premises for such month (as reasonably determined by Landlord), (b) be liable to Landlord for (i) any payment or rent concession which Landlord may be required to make to any tenant obtained by Landlord for all or any part of the Premises (a "New Tenant") in order to induce such New Tenant not to terminate its lease by reason of the holding-over by Tenant, and (ii) the loss of the benefit of the bargain if any New Tenant shall terminate its lease by reason of the holding-over by Tenant, and (c) if Tenant holds over past 30 days after the Expiration Date or earlier termination of this Lease, indemnify Landlord against all claims for damages by any New Tenant. No holding-over by Tenant, nor the payment to Landlord of the amounts specified above, shall operate to extend the Term hereof. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to permit Tenant to retain possession of the Premises after the Expiration Date or sooner termination of this Lease, and no acceptance by Landlord of payments from Tenant after the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the Term shall be deemed to be other than on account of the amount to be paid by Tenant in accordance with 57 the provisions of this Article 22. All of Tenant's obligations under this Article shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of the Term of this Lease. Section 22.3 Waiver of Stay. Tenant expressly waives, for itself and for any Person claiming through or under Tenant, any rights which Tenant or any such Person may have under the provisions of Section 2201 of the New York Civil Practice Law and Rules and of any successor law of like import then in force, in connection with any holdover summary proceedings which Landlord may institute to enforce the foregoing provisions of this Article 22. ARTICLE 23 QUIET ENJOYMENT Provided this Lease is in full force and effect and no Event of Default then exists, Landlord covenants that Tenant may peaceably and quietly enjoy the Premises without hindrance by Landlord or any person lawfully claiming through or under Landlord, subject to the terms and conditions of this Lease and to all Superior Leases and Mortgages. ARTICLE 24 NO SURRENDER; NO WAIVER Section 24.1 No Surrender or Release. No act or thing done by Landlord or Landlord's agents or employees during the Term shall be deemed an acceptance of a surrender of the Premises, and no provision of this Lease shall be deemed to have been waived by Landlord, unless such waiver is in writing and is signed by Landlord, and any such waiver shall be effective only for the specific purpose and in the specific instance in which given. If Tenant at any time desires to have Landlord sublet the Premises for Tenant's account, Landlord or Landlord's agents are authorized to receive Tenant's keys to the Premises for such purpose without releasing Tenant from any of the obligations under this Lease, and Tenant hereby relieves Landlord of any liability for loss of or damage to any of Tenant's effects in connection with such subletting. Section 24.2 No Waiver. The failure of either party to seek redress for violation of, or to insist upon the strict performance of, any covenant or condition of this Lease, or any of the Rules and Regulations, shall not be construed as a waiver or relinquishment of the future performance of such obligations of this Lease or the Rules and Regulations, or of the right to exercise such election but the same shall continue and remain in full force and effect with respect to any subsequent breach, act or omission. The receipt by Landlord of any Rent payable pursuant to this Lease or any other sums with knowledge of the breach of any covenant of this Lease shall not be deemed a waiver of such breach. No payment by Tenant 58 or receipt by Landlord of a lesser amount than the monthly Fixed Rent or Additional Rent herein stipulated shall be deemed to be other than a payment on account of the earliest stipulated Fixed Rent or Additional Rent, or as Landlord may elect to apply such payment, nor shall any endorsement or acceptance of any check or other payment in the face of a statement on such check or any letter accompanying such check or payment be deemed an accord and satisfaction, and Landlord may accept such check or payment without prejudice to Landlord's right to recover the balance of such Fixed Rent or Additional Rent or pursue any other remedy provided in this Lease. The existence of a right of renewal or extension of this Lease, or the exercise of such right, shall not limit Landlord's right to terminate this Lease in accordance with the terms hereof. ARTICLE 25 WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY LANDLORD AND TENANT HEREBY WAIVE TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM BROUGHT BY EITHER PARTY AGAINST THE OTHER ON ANY MATTERS IN ANY WAY ARISING OUT OF OR CONNECTED WITH THIS LEASE, THE RELATIONSHIP OF LANDLORD AND TENANT, TENANT'S USE OR OCCUPANCY OF THE PREMISES, OR THE ENFORCEMENT OF ANY REMEDY UNDER ANY REQUIREMENT. If Landlord commences any summary proceeding against Tenant, Tenant will not interpose any counterclaim of any nature or description in any such proceeding (unless failure to impose such counterclaim would preclude Tenant from asserting in a separate action the claim which is the subject of such counterclaim), and will not seek to consolidate such proceeding with any other action which may have been or will be brought in any other court by Tenant. ARTICLE 26 INABILITY TO PERFORM This Lease and the obligation of Tenant to pay Rent and to perform all of the other covenants and agreements of Tenant hereunder shall not be affected, impaired or excused by any Unavoidable Delays. Landlord shall use reasonable efforts to promptly notify Tenant of any Unavoidable Delay which prevents Landlord from fulfilling any of its obligations under this Lease. 59 ARTICLE 27 NOTICES Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Lease, consents, notices, demands, requests, approval or other communications given under this Lease shall be in writing and shall be deemed sufficiently given or rendered if delivered by hand (provided a signed receipt is obtained) or if sent by registered or certified mail (return receipt requested) or by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service making receipted deliveries, addressed as follows: if to Tenant, at Tenant's address set forth on the first page of this Lease, Attn: Steven B. Hoskins with a copy to Tenant at the Building (following the Commencement Date), Attn: Roger Crane, or if to Landlord, at Landlord's address set forth on the first page of this Lease, Attn: Chief Financial Officer, and with copies to (a) Tishman Speyer Properties L.P., 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, Attn: Property Manager -300 Park Avenue, (b) Tishman Speyer Properties L.P., 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, Attn: General Counsel, and (c) any Mortgagee or Lessor which shall have requested copies of notices, by notice given to Tenant in accordance with the provisions of this Article 27 at the address designated by such Mortgagee or Lessor; or to such other address(es) as either Landlord or Tenant or any Mortgagee or Lessor may designate as its new address(es) for such purpose by notice given to the other in accordance with the provisions of this Article 27. Any such approval, consent, notice, demand, request or other communication shall be deemed to have been given on the date of receipted delivery or refusal to accept delivery as provided in this Article 27 or the date delivery is first attempted but cannot be made due to a change of address of which no notice was given. ARTICLE 28 RULES AND REGULATIONS Tenant and all Tenant Parties shall observe and comply with the Rules and Regulations, as supplemented or amended from time to time, provided, that in case of any conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of this Lease and any of the Rules and Regulations as originally promulgated or as supplemented or amended from time to time, the provisions of this Lease shall control. Landlord reserves the right, from time to time, to adopt additional Rules and Regulations and to amend the Rules and Regulations then in effect. Nothing contained in this Lease shall impose upon Landlord any obligation to enforce the Rules and Regulations or terms, covenants or conditions in any other lease against any other 60 Building tenant, and Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for violation of the Rules and Regulations by any other tenant, its employees, agents, visitors or licensees, except that Landlord shall not enforce any Rule or Regulation against Tenant in a discriminatory fashion. ARTICLE 29 PARTNERSHIP TENANT Section 29.1 Partnership Tenant. If Tenant, or a permitted assignee of this Lease pursuant to Article 15 hereof, is a partnership, or is comprised of two or more Persons, individually or as partners of a partnership (any such partnership and such Persons are referred to in this Article as "Partnership Tenant"), the following shall apply: (a) the liability of each of the general partners (excluding Persons solely holding interests as limited partners), each of the partners in a limited liability partnership or Persons comprising Partnership Tenant (the "Partners") shall be joint and several; (b) each of the Partners hereby consents in advance to, and agrees to be bound by, any written instrument which may hereafter be executed by Partnership Tenant or any of the Partners, which shall modify, extend or discharge this Lease, in whole or in part, or surrender all or any part of the Premises to Landlord; (c) any bills, statements, notices, demands, requests or other communications given or rendered to Partnership Tenant or to any of the Partners shall be binding upon Partnership Tenant and all of the Partners; (d) if Partnership Tenant shall admit new Partners, all new Partners shall, by their admission to Partnership Tenant, be deemed to have assumed joint and several liability for the performance of all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease on Tenant's part to be observed and performed; (e) Partnership Tenant shall give prompt notice to Landlord of the admission of any new Partners, and upon demand of Landlord, shall cause each such new partner to execute and deliver to Landlord an agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Landlord, wherein each new Partner shall assume joint and several liability for the performance of all the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease on Tenant's part to be observed and performed (but neither Landlord's failure to request any such agreement nor the failure of any new Partner to execute or deliver any such agreement to Landlord shall vitiate the provisions of this Section 29.1(e); and (f) no change in the Partners of Partnership Tenant resulting from the admission of a new Partner, or the death, retirement or withdrawal of a Partner shall release Partnership Tenant or any Partner or former Partner from their obligations under this Lease. Section 29.2 Change of Partners. If Tenant is a Partnership Tenant, (a) the withdrawal (in the ordinary course of business), retirement, death, incompetency or bankruptcy of any Partner, or the reallocation of partnership interests among the Partners shall constitute an assignment of this Lease unless Partners holding in the aggregate not less than 80% of the partnership interests in Partnership Tenant immediately prior to such event remain as Partners holding not less than 80% of the partnership interests in Partnership Tenant during the 12-month period immediately following such event (i.e., the transfer, by any of the foregoing means, of more than 20% of the partnership interests in Partnership 61 Tenant in any consecutive 12-month period shall constitute an assignment of this Lease subject to the provisions of Article 15), and (b) the reorganization of Partnership Tenant into a professional corporation or a limited liability partnership, or the reorganization of Tenant from a professional corporation or a limited liability partnership into a partnership, shall constitute an assignment of this Lease unless immediately following such reorganization the Partners or shareholders, as the case may be, of Tenant shall be the same as those existing immediately prior to such reorganization, and shall acknowledge in writing to Landlord that they remain fully liable, jointly and severally, under this Lease as provided in this Article 29. If Tenant shall become a professional corporation, each individual shareholder, shareholder-employee, new individual shareholder and new shareholder-employee of any professional corporation which is a shareholder in Tenant shall have the same personal liability (if any) as such individual or shareholder-employee would have under this Lease if Tenant were a partnership and such individual or shareholder-employee were a Partner or admitted as a new Partner. If any individual Partner in Tenant is or becomes a shareholder-employee of a professional corporation, such individual shall have the same personal liability under this Lease as such individual would have if he and not the professional corporation were a Partner of Tenant. If Tenant shall become a limited liability partnership, (i) each Partner therein shall continue to have the same personal liability as such Partner had under this Lease prior to Tenant becoming a limited liability partnership, and (ii) each new partner admitted to such limited liability partnership shall be bound by the provisions of Section 29.1, and shall execute and deliver to Landlord the assumption agreement required pursuant to Section 29.1(e) hereof. Section 29.3 Limited Recourse. If the original Tenant named herein ("Named Tenant") is a Partnership Tenant, Landlord acknowledges and agrees that Landlord shall not enforce the liability and obligations of Named Tenant hereunder except against the Named Tenant and Named Tenant's assets and Landlord shall have no right to enforce the liability and obligations of Named Tenant hereunder against any principal, officer, shareholder, member or manager of Named Tenant. ARTICLE 30 VAULT SPACE Notwithstanding anything contained in this Lease or indicated on any sketch, blueprint or plan, no vaults, vault space or other space outside the boundaries of the Real Property are included in the Premises. Landlord makes no representation as to the location of the boundaries of the Real Property. All vaults and vault space and all other space outside the boundaries of the Real Property which Tenant may be permitted to use or occupy are to be used or occupied under a revocable license. If any such license shall be revoked, or if the amount of such space shall be diminished as required by any Governmental Authority or by any public utility company, such revocation, diminution or requisition shall not (i) constitute 62 an actual or constructive eviction, in whole or in part, (ii) entitle Tenant to any abatement or diminution of Rent, (iii) relieve Tenant from any of its obligations under this Lease, or (iv) impose any liability upon Landlord. Any fee, tax or charge imposed by any Governmental Authority for any such vaults, vault space or other space occupied by Tenant shall be paid by Tenant. ARTICLE 31 BROKER Section 31.1 Broker Representations. Landlord has retained Landlord's Agent as leasing agent in connection with this Lease and Landlord shall be solely responsible for any fee that may be payable to Landlord's Agent pursuant to a separate agreement. Each of Landlord and Tenant represents and warrants to the other that it has not dealt with any broker in connection with this Lease other than Landlord's Agent and the Broker and that to the best of its knowledge and belief, no other broker, finder or like entity procured or negotiated this Lease or is entitled to any fee or commission in connection herewith. The execution and delivery of this Lease by each party shall be conclusive evidence that each party has relied upon the foregoing representations and warranties. Section 31.2 Indemnity. Each of Landlord and Tenant shall indemnify, defend, protect and hold the other party harmless from and against any and all Losses which the indemnified party may incur by reason of any claim of or liability to any broker, finder or like agent (other than Landlord's Agent and the Broker) arising out of any dealings claimed to have occurred between the indemnifying party and the claimant in connection with this Lease, and/or the above representation being false. The provisions of this Article 31 shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of the Term of this Lease. ARTICLE 32 INDEMNITY Section 32.1 (a) Tenant's Indemnity. Tenant shall not do or permit to be done any act or thing upon the Premises or the Building which may subject Landlord to any liability or responsibility for injury, damages to persons or property or to any liability by reason of any violation of law or of any Requirement (excluding any law or any Requirement applicable to the Building which Landlord is obligated to comply with under this Lease), and shall exercise such control over the Premises as to fully protect the Indemnitees against any such liability. Tenant shall indemnify, defend, protect and hold harmless each of the Indemnitees from and against any and all Losses (as defined in subsection (b) hereof), resulting from any claims (i) against Indemnitees arising from any act, omission or negligence of (A) any Tenant Party or (B) both Landlord and any Tenant Party, provided, however, that Tenant's liability hereunder 63 with respect to matters judicially determined to have arisen out of the negligence of Landlord, which determination shall not be subject to appeal, shall be limited to the amount of insurance coverage carried by Tenant pursuant to Article 12 of this Lease, (ii) against the Indemnitees arising from any accident, injury or damage whatsoever caused to any person or to the property of any person and occurring during the Term or during the period of time, if any, prior to the commencement or following the expiration of the Term that any Tenant Party may have been given access to any portion of the Premises for the purpose of performing work or otherwise, in or about the Premises, and (iii) against the Indemnitees resulting from any breach, violation or nonperformance of any covenant, condition or agreement of this Lease on the part of Tenant to be fulfilled, kept, observed and performed. (b) Indemnity Inclusions. As used in this Lease, the term "Losses" means any and all losses, liabilities, damages, claims, judgments, fines, suits, demands, costs, interest and expenses of any kind or nature (including reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements) incurred in connection with any claim, proceeding or judgment and the defense thereof, and including all costs of repairing any damage to the Premises or the Building or the appurtenances of any of the foregoing to which a particular indemnity and hold harmless agreement applies. (c) Landlord's Indemnity. Landlord shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless Tenant from and against all claims against Tenant arising from any accident, injury or damage whatsoever caused to any person or the property of any person in or about the common or public areas of the Building (specifically excluding the Premises) to the extent attributable to the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord or its agents or employees. Section 32.2 Defense and Settlement. If any claim, action or proceeding is made or brought against any indemnified party, then, upon demand by the indemnified party, the indemnifying party, at its sole cost and expense, shall resist or defend such claim, action or proceeding in the indemnified party's name (if necessary) by attorneys approved by the indemnified party, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. Attorneys for Tenant's insurer shall hereby be deemed approved for purposes of this Section 32.2. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indemnified party may retain its own attorneys to participate or assist in defending any claim, action or proceeding involving potential liability of $5,000,000 or more, provided that the indemnifying party shall control the defense and the indemnifying party shall pay the reasonable fees and disbursements of such attorneys. Notwithstanding anything herein contained to the contrary, the indemnifying party may direct the indemnified party to settle any claim, suit or other proceeding provided that (a) such settlement shall involve no obligation on the part of the indemnified party other than the payment of money, (b) any payments to be made pursuant to such settlement shall be paid in full exclusively by the indemnifying party at the time such settlement is reached, (c) such settlement shall not require the indemnified party to admit any liability, and (d) the indemnified party shall have received an unconditional release from the other parties to such 64 claim, suit or other proceeding. The provisions of this Article 32 shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. ARTICLE 33 ADJACENT EXCAVATION; SHORING If an excavation shall be made, or shall be authorized to be made, upon land adjacent to the Real Property, Tenant shall, upon notice, afford to the person causing or authorized to cause such excavation license to enter upon the Premises for the purpose of doing such work as such person shall deem necessary to preserve the wall or the Building from injury or damage and to support the same by proper foundations. In connection with such license, Tenant shall have no right to claim any damages or indemnity against Landlord, or diminution or abatement of Rent, provided that Tenant shall continue to have access to the Premises. ARTICLE 34 TAX STATUS OF BENEFICIAL OWNERS Tenant recognizes and acknowledges that Landlord and/or certain beneficial owners of Landlord may from time to time qualify as real estate investment trusts pursuant to Sections 856 et seq. of the Code or as entities described in Section 511(a)(2) of the Code, and that avoiding (a) the loss of such status, (b) the receipt of any income derived under any provision of this Lease that does not constitute "rents from real property" (in the case of real estate investment trusts) or that constitutes "unrelated business taxable income" (in the case of entities described in Section 511(a)(2) of the Code), and (c) the imposition of penalty or similar taxes (each an "Adverse Event") is of material concern to Landlord and such beneficial owners and Tenant's agreement herein contained regarding the avoidance of an Adverse Event as a material inducement to Landlord entering into this Lease. In the event that this Lease or any document contemplated hereby could, in the opinion of counsel to Landlord, result in or cause an Adverse Event, Tenant agrees to cooperate with Landlord in amending or modifying this Lease or such documents and shall at the request of Landlord execute and deliver such documents reasonably required to effect such amendment or modification. Any amendment or modification pursuant to this Article 34 shall be structured so that the economic results to Landlord and Tenant shall be substantially similar to those set forth in this Lease without regard to such amendment or modification. Without limiting any of Landlord's other rights under this Article 34, Landlord may waive the receipt of any amount payable to Landlord hereunder and such waiver shall constitute an amendment or modification of this Lease with respect to such payment. 65 ARTICLE 35 SECURITY DEPOSIT Section 35.1 Security Deposit. Tenant shall deposit the Security Deposit with Landlord upon the execution of this Lease in cash as security for the faithful performance and observance by Tenant of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease, including the surrender of possession of the Premises to Landlord as herein provided. Section 35.2 Letter of Credit. In lieu of a cash deposit, Tenant may deliver the Security Deposit to Landlord in the form of a clean, irrevocable, non-documentary and unconditional letter of credit in the form attached hereto as Exhibit F (the "Letter of Credit") in the amount of the Security Deposit issued by and drawable upon (x) First Union National Bank or (y) any commercial bank, trust company, national banking association or savings and loan association with offices for banking purposes in the City of New York (the "Issuing Bank"), which has outstanding unsecured, uninsured and unguaranteed indebtedness, or shall have issued a letter of credit or other credit facility that constitutes the primary security for any outstanding indebtedness (which is otherwise uninsured and unguaranteed), that is then rated, without regard to qualification of such rating by symbols such as "+" or "-" or numerical notation, "Aa" or better by Moody's Investors Service and "AA" or better by Standard & Poor's Rating Service, and has combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of not less than $500,000,000. The Letter of Credit shall (a) name Landlord as beneficiary, (b) be in the amount of the Security Deposit, (c) have a term of not less than one year, (d) permit multiple drawings, (e) be fully transferable by Landlord without the payment of any fees or charges by Landlord, and (f) otherwise be in form and content satisfactory to Landlord. If upon any transfer of the Letter of Credit, any fees or charges shall be so imposed, then such fees or charges shall be payable solely by Tenant and the Letter of Credit shall so specify. The Letter of Credit shall provide that it shall be deemed automatically renewed, without amendment, for consecutive periods of one year each thereafter during the Term through the date that is at least 60 days after the Expiration Date, unless the Issuing Bank sends a notice (the "Non-Renewal Notice") to Landlord by certified mail, return receipt requested, not less than 45 days next preceding the then expiration date of the Letter of Credit stating that the Issuing Bank has elected not to renew the Letter of Credit. Landlord shall have the right, upon receipt of the Non-Renewal Notice, to draw the full amount of the Letter of Credit, by sight draft on the Issuing Bank, and shall thereafter hold or apply the cash proceeds of the Letter of Credit pursuant to the terms of this Article. The Letter of Credit shall state that drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of the Letter of Credit will be duly honored upon presentation to the Issuing Bank at an office location in Manhattan. The Letter of Credit shall be subject in all respects to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1993 revision), International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 500. Section 35.3 Application of Security. If Tenant defaults in the payment or performance of any of the terms, covenants or conditions of this Lease, including the 66 payment of Rent, Landlord may apply or retain the whole or any part of the cash Security Deposit or may notify the Issuing Bank and thereupon receive all or a portion of the Security Deposit represented by the Letter of Credit and use, apply, or retain the whole or any part of such proceeds, as the case may be, to the extent required for the payment of any Fixed Rent or any other sum as to which Tenant is in default including (a) any sum which Landlord may expend or may be required to expend by reason of Tenant's default, and/or (b) any damages or Deficiency to which Landlord is entitled pursuant to this Lease or applicable Requirements, whether such damages or Deficiency accrues before or after summary proceedings or other reentry by Landlord. If Landlord applies or retains any part of the Security Deposit, Tenant, upon demand, shall deposit with Landlord the amount so applied or retained so that Landlord shall have the full Security Deposit on hand at all times during the Term. If Tenant shall fully and faithfully comply with all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease, the Security Deposit (or so much thereof as remains) shall be returned to Tenant after the Expiration Date and after delivery of possession of the Premises to Landlord in the manner required by this Lease. Tenant expressly agrees that Tenant shall have no right to apply any portion of the Security Deposit against any of Tenant's obligations to pay Rent hereunder. Section 35.4 Transfer. Upon a sale of the Real Property or the Building or a leasing of the Building, or any financing of Landlord's interest therein, Landlord shall have the right to transfer the cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit, as applicable, to the vendee, lessee or lender. With respect to the Letter of Credit, within five days after notice of such sale, leasing or financing, Tenant, at its sole cost, shall arrange for the transfer of the Letter of Credit to the new landlord or the lender, as designated by Landlord in the foregoing notice or have the Letter of Credit reissued in the name of the new landlord or the lender. Tenant shall look solely to the new landlord or lender for the return of such cash Security Deposit or Letter of Credit and the provisions hereof shall apply to every transfer or assignment made of the Security Deposit to a new landlord. Tenant shall not assign or encumber or attempt to assign or encumber the cash Security Deposit or Letter of Credit and neither Landlord nor its successors or assigns shall be bound by any such action or attempted assignment, or encumbrance. Section 35.5 Reduction. If Tenant (a) has not previously defaulted in its obligation to pay Rent to Landlord within the time periods set forth in this Lease and (b) no Event of Default then exists, then, provided that Tenant complies with the provisions of this Section 35.5, (i) on the 2nd anniversary of the Rent Commencement Date, the Security Deposit shall be reduced to $1,446,667, (ii) provided the Security Deposit shall have previously been reduced pursuant to the preceding clause (i), on the 3rd anniversary of the Rent Commencement Date the Security Deposit shall be reduced to $1,343,333, and (iii) provided the Security Deposit shall have previously been reduced pursuant to the preceding clauses (i) and (ii), on the 4th anniversary of the Rent Commencement Date the Security Deposit shall be reduced to $1,240,000. The Security Deposit shall be reduced as follows: (A) if the Security Deposit is in the form of cash, Landlord shall, within 10 Business Days following notice by Tenant to Landlord that Tenant is entitled to reduce the Security Deposit pursuant 67 to this Section 35.5, deliver to Tenant the amount by which the Security Deposit is reduced, or (B) if the Security Deposit is in the form of a Letter of Credit, Tenant shall deliver to Landlord an amendment to the Letter of Credit (which amendment must be reasonably acceptable to Landlord in all respects), reducing the amount of the Letter of Credit by the amount of the permitted reduction, and Landlord shall execute the amendment and such other documents as are reasonably necessary to reduce the amount of the Letter of Credit in accordance with the terms thereof. If Tenant delivers to Landlord an amendment to the Letter of Credit in accordance with the terms hereof, Landlord shall, within 10 Business Days after delivery of such amendment, either (1) provide its reasonable objections to such amendment or (2) execute such amendment of the Letter of Credit in accordance with the terms hereof. ARTICLE 36 MISCELLANEOUS Section 36.1 Delivery. This Lease shall not be binding upon Landlord or Tenant unless and until Landlord shall have executed and delivered a fully executed copy of this Lease to Tenant. Section 36.2 Transfer of Real Property. Landlord's obligations under this Lease shall not be binding upon the Landlord named herein after the sale, conveyance, assignment or transfer or lease of Landlord's interest (collectively a "Transfer") by Landlord (or upon any subsequent landlord after the Transfer by such subsequent landlord) of its interest in the Building or the Real Property, as the case may be, and in the event of any such Transfer, Landlord (and any such subsequent landlord) shall be entirely freed and relieved of all covenants and obligations of Landlord hereunder, and the transferee of Landlord's interest (or that of such subsequent landlord) in the Building or the Real Property, as the case may be, shall be deemed to have assumed all obligations under this Lease. Section 36.3 Limitation on Liability. The liability of Landlord for Landlord's obligations under this Lease shall be limited to Landlord's interest from time to time in the Real Property and Tenant shall not look to any other property or assets of Landlord or the property or assets of any Indemnitees in seeking either to enforce Landlord's obligations under this Lease or to satisfy a judgment for Landlord's failure to perform such obligations; and none of the Indemnitees shall be personally liable for the performance of Landlord's obligations under this Lease. Section 36.4 Rent. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Lease, all amounts payable by Tenant to or on behalf of Landlord under this Lease, whether or not expressly denominated Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment, Tenant's Operating Payment, Additional Rent or Rent, shall constitute rent for the purposes of Section 502(b)(6) of the United States Bankruptcy Code and other Requirements. 68 Section 36.5 Entire Agreement. This Lease (including any Schedules and Exhibits referred to herein and all supplementary agreements provided for herein) contains the entire agreement between the parties and all prior negotiations and agreements are merged into this Lease. All of the Schedules and Exhibits attached hereto are incorporated in and made a part of this Lease, provided that in the event of any inconsistency between the terms and provisions of this Lease and the terms and provisions of the Schedules and Exhibits hereto, the terms and provisions of this Lease shall control. All Article and Section references set forth herein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be deemed references to the Articles and Sections of this Lease. Section 36.6 Governing Law. This Lease shall be governed in all respects by the laws of the State of New York. Section 36.7 Unenforceability. If any provision of this Lease, or its application to any Person or circumstance, shall ever be held to be invalid or unenforceable, then in each such event the remainder of this Lease or the application of such provision to any other Person or any other circumstance (other than those as to which it shall be invalid or unenforceable) shall not be thereby affected, and each provision hereof shall remain valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. Section 36.8 Consent to Jurisdiction. (a) Except as expressly provided to the contrary in this Lease, Tenant agrees that all disputes arising, directly or indirectly, out of or relating to this Lease, and all actions to enforce this Lease, shall be dealt with and adjudicated in the state courts of the State of New York or the federal courts for the Southern District of New York; and for that purpose Tenant expressly and irrevocably submits itself to the jurisdiction of such courts. Tenant agrees that so far as is permitted under applicable law, this consent to personal jurisdiction shall be self-operative and no further instrument or action, other than service of process in one of the manners specified in this Lease, or as otherwise permitted by law, shall be necessary in order to confer jurisdiction upon it in any such court. Tenant further agrees that judgment against it in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, may be enforced in any other jurisdiction within or outside the United States of America by suit on the judgment, a certified or exemplified copy of which shall be conclusive evidence of the fact and of the amount of its indebtedness. (b) To the extent that Tenant has or hereafter may acquire any immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process (whether through service or notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, execution or otherwise) with respect to itself or its property, Tenant irrevocably waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Lease. Section 36.9 Landlord's Agent. Unless Landlord shall render written notice to Tenant to the contrary, Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. is authorized to act as Landlord's 69 agent in connection with the performance of this Lease, and Tenant shall direct all correspondence and requests to, and shall be entitled to rely upon correspondence received from, Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P., as agent for the Landlord in accordance with Article 27. Tenant acknowledges that Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. is acting solely as agent for Landlord in connection with the foregoing; and neither Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. nor any of its direct or indirect partners, officers, shareholders, directors, employees, principals, agents or representatives shall have any liability to Tenant in connection with the performance of this Lease, and Tenant waives any and all claims against any and all of such parties arising out of, or in any way connected with, this Lease, the Building or the Real Property. Section 36.10 Estoppels. Within 10 days following request from Landlord, any Mortgagee or any Lessor, Tenant shall deliver to Landlord a written statement executed and acknowledged by Tenant, in form satisfactory to Landlord, (a) stating the Commencement Date, and the Expiration Date, and that this Lease is then in full force and effect and has not been modified (or if modified, setting forth all modifications), (b) setting forth the date to which the Fixed Rent and any Additional Rent have been paid, together with the amount of monthly Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment and Tenant's Operating Payment then payable, (c) stating whether or not, to the best of Tenant's knowledge, Landlord is in default under this Lease, and, if Tenant asserts that Landlord is in default, setting forth the specific nature of any such defaults, (d) stating whether Landlord has failed to complete any work required to be performed by Landlord under this Lease, (e) stating whether there are any sums payable to Tenant by Landlord under this Lease, (f) stating the amount of the Security Deposit, if any, under this Lease, (g) stating whether there are any subleases or assignments affecting the Premises, (h) stating the address of Tenant to which all notices and communications under the Lease shall be sent, and (i) responding to any other matters reasonably requested by Landlord, such Mortgagee or such Lessor. Tenant acknowledges that any statement delivered pursuant to this Section 36.10 may be relied upon by any purchaser or owner of the Real Property or the Building, or all or any portion of Landlord's interest in the Real Property or the Building or any Superior Lease, or by any Mortgagee, or assignee thereof or by any Lessor, or assignee thereof. Section 36.11 Certain Rules of Interpretation. For purposes of this Lease, whenever the words "include", "includes", or "including" are used, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words "without limitation" and, whenever the circumstances or the context requires, the singular shall be construed as the plural, the masculine shall be construed as the feminine and/or the neuter and vice versa. This Lease shall be interpreted and enforced without the aid of any canon, custom or rule of law requiring or suggesting construction against the party drafting or causing the drafting of the provision in question. Section 36.12 Captions. The captions in this Lease are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference and in no way define, limit or describe the scope of this Lease or the intent of any provision hereof. 70 Section 36.13 Parties Bound. The terms, covenants, conditions and agreements contained in this Lease shall bind and inure to the benefit of Landlord and Tenant and, except as otherwise provided in this Lease, to their respective legal representatives, successors, and assigns. Section 36.14 Directory. The lobby shall contain a computerized directory wherein the Building's tenants shall be listed with a capacity for up to 50 listings per floor for Tenant and others permitted to occupy the Premises hereunder, provided Tenant shall be entitled to such proportion of such listings as the Agreed Area of Premises is to the rentable square foot area of such floor. From time to time, but not more frequently than once every three (3) months, Landlord shall reprogram the computerized directory to reflect such changes in the listings therein as Tenant shall request. Section 36.15 Counterparts. This Lease may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which, when taken together, shall constitute but one instrument. Section 36.16 Memorandum of Lease. Neither this Lease nor a memorandum in respect of this Lease shall be recorded. Section 36.17 Survival. All obligations and liabilities of Landlord or Tenant to the other which accrued before the expiration or other termination of this Lease, and all such obligations and liabilities which by their nature or under the circumstances can only be, or by the provisions of this Lease may be, performed after such expiration or other termination, shall survive the expiration or other termination of this Lease. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights and obligations of the parties with respect to any indemnity under this Lease, and with respect to Fixed Rent, Tenant's Tax Payment, Tenant's Operating Payment and any other amounts payable under this Lease, shall survive the expiration or other termination of this Lease. Section 36.18 Signs. Tenant shall be entitled to utilize its standard signage on any floor of the Building which Tenant fully occupies for the conduct of its business, provided such signage shall be approved by Landlord, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. ARTICLE 37 RENEWAL OPTION Section 37.1 Exercise of Option. Tenant shall have the right, to renew the Term for all of the Premises for a single renewal term (the "Renewal Term") of five years by written notice (the "Renewal Notice") delivered to Landlord not less than 18 months prior to the Expiration Date, time being of the essence; provided, however, that (a) no Event of Default 71 shall have occurred and be continuing either on the date the Renewal Notice is given or on the Renewal Term Commencement Date (as hereinafter defined), and (b) the Tenant named herein (i.e., McCarter & English, LLP) shall not have assigned this Lease, and shall be in occupancy of at least 80% of the rentable area of the Premises. Upon the giving of the Renewal Notice, this Lease shall be deemed renewed for the Renewal Term with the same force and effect as if the Renewal Term had originally been included in the Term. The Renewal Term shall commence on the day after the Expiration Date (the "Renewal Term Commencement Date") and shall terminate on the day preceding the 5th anniversary of the Renewal Term Commencement Date or such earlier date as this Lease shall terminate pursuant to any of the terms of this Lease. Section 37.2 Terms. All of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease shall continue in full force and effect during the Renewal Term, except that (a) the Fixed Rent for the Renewal Term shall be in an amount equal to 100% of the Fair Market Value (as hereinafter defined), (b) Tenant shall have no further right to renew the Term, (c) the Base Tax Years shall be the Tax Year commencing on the July 1st prior to the Renewal Term Commencement Date, (d) the Base Taxes shall be an amount equal to the Taxes payable on account of the Tax Year referred to in clause (c) above, and (e) the Base Expense Year shall be the Comparison Year commencing on the January 1st prior to the Renewal Term Commencement Date. Any termination, cancellation or surrender of the entire interest of Tenant under this Lease at any time during the Term shall terminate any right of renewal of Tenant hereunder. Section 37.3 Fair Market Value. "Fair Market Value" shall mean the fair market annual rental value of the Premises at the commencement of the Renewal Term for a term equal to the Renewal Term, as determined by Landlord based on comparable space in the Building, including all of Landlord's services provided for in this Lease, and with (a) the Premises considered as vacant, and in the "as is" condition existing on the Renewal Term Commencement Date, (b) the Base Tax Years being the Tax Year commencing on the July 1st prior to the Renewal Term Commencement Date, (c) the Base Taxes being an amount equal to the Taxes payable on account of the Tax Year referred to in clause (b) above, and (d) the Base Expense Year being the Comparison Year commencing on the January 1st prior to the Renewal Term Commencement Date. The calculation of Fair Market Value shall also be adjusted to take into account all relevant factors. Prior to the commencement of the Renewal Term, Landlord shall deliver to Tenant Landlord's determination of Fair Market Value. Section 37.4 Arbitration. If Tenant shall dispute Landlord's determination of Fair Market Value , Tenant shall give notice to Landlord of such dispute within 10 days after the delivery of Landlord's determination to Tenant, and such dispute shall be determined by a single arbitrator appointed in accordance with the American Arbitration Association Real Estate Valuation Arbitration Proceeding Rules. If no notice of dispute is given by Tenant within such 10-day period (time being of the essence), then Landlord's determination shall be binding on Tenant. The arbitrator shall be impartial and shall have not less than 10 years' experience in the County of New York related to the leasing of commercial office space in 72 office buildings comparable to the Building, and the fees of the arbitrator shall be shared by Landlord and Tenant. Within 15 days following the appointment of the arbitrator, Landlord and Tenant shall attend a hearing before the arbitrator at which each party shall submit a report setting forth its determination of Fair Market Value, together with such information on comparable rentals and such other evidence as such party shall deem relevant. The arbitrator shall, within 30 days following such hearing and submission of evidence, render his or her decision by selecting the determination of Fair Market Value submitted by either Landlord or Tenant which, in the judgment of the arbitrator, most nearly reflects the Fair Market Value. The arbitrator shall have no power or authority to select any Fair Market Value other than a Fair Market Value submitted by Landlord or Tenant or to modify any of the provisions of this Lease, and the decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding upon Landlord and Tenant. Prior to the determination of the arbitrator, Tenant shall pay Fixed Rent based on Landlord's determination of Fair Market Value submitted to Tenant pursuant to Section 37.3, and following the arbitrator's final determination, the amount of any overpayment or underpayment shall be appropriately adjusted between the parties. Section 37.5 Agreement of Terms . Landlord and Tenant, at either party's request, shall promptly execute and exchange an appropriate agreement evidencing the extension of the Term for the Renewal Term, and the terms thereof in a form reasonably satisfactory to both parties, but no such agreement shall be necessary in order to make the provisions hereof effective. ARTICLE 38 ARBITRATION In any arbitration which, pursuant to the express provisions of this Lease, is governed by this Article 38, either party may submit the dispute for resolution by arbitration in the City of New York in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules (Expedited Procedures) of the American Arbitration Association ("AAA"), except that the terms of this Article 38 shall supersede any conflicting or otherwise inconsistent rules. Provided the rules and regulations of the AAA so permit, (i) the AAA shall, within 2 Business Days after such submission or application, select a single arbitrator having at least ten (10) years' experience in leasing and management of commercial properties similar to the Building, (ii) the arbitration shall commence 2 Business Days thereafter and shall be limited to a total of seven hours on the date of commencement until completion, with each party having no more than a total of two hours to present its case and to cross-examine or interrogate persons supplying information or documentation on behalf of the other party, and (iii) the arbitrator shall make a determination within 3 Business Days after the conclusion of the presentation of Landlord's and Tenant's cases, which determination shall be limited to a decision upon (A) whether Landlord acted reasonably in withholding its consent or approval, or (B) the specific dispute presented to the arbitrator, as applicable (and the arbitrator shall not be permitted to modify any of the terms of this Lease). The arbitrator's determination shall be final and binding upon the parties, whether or not a judgment shall be entered in any court. All actions necessary to 73 implement such decision shall be undertaken as soon as possible, but in no event later than 10 Business Days after the rendering of such decision. The arbitrator's determination may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. All fees payable to the AAA for services rendered in connection with the resolution of the dispute shall be paid by the unsuccessful party. The arbitrator shall not be entitled to award monetary damages. 74 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Landlord and Tenant have executed this Lease as of the day and year first above written. TST 300 PARK, L.P., Landlord By: TST 300 PARK CORP., its general partner By: /s/ Andrew J. Nathan ----------------------------------- Name: Andrew J. Nathan Title: Vice President MCCARTER & ENGLISH, LLP, Tenant By: /s/ Steven B. Hoskins --------------------------------------- Name: Steven B. Hoskins Title: Managing Partner Tenant's Federal Identification Number: 22-1534652 75 ACKNOWLEDGMENT STATE OF NEW JERSEY ) ) s.s.: COUNTY OF ESSEX ) On this 14th day of March, in the year 2000 before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public in and for said State, personally appeared Steven B. Hoskins, personally known to me or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the individual(s) whose name(s) is (are) subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument, the individual(s), or the person upon behalf of which the individual(s) acted, executed the instrument. Marie C. Yarger ---------------------------------------- Notary Public MARIE C. YARGER A Notary Public of New Jersey My Commission Expires May 19, 2004 EXHIBIT A FLOOR PLAN The floor plan which follows is intended solely to identify the general location of the Premises, and should not be used for any other purpose. All areas, dimensions and locations are approximate, and any physical conditions indicated may not exist as shown. See Attached [Graphic Omitted] EXHIBIT B DEFINITIONS Affiliate: With respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly (through one or more intermediaries), Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such first Person. Base Rate: The annual rate of interest publicly announced from time to time by Citibank, N.A., or its successor, in New York, New York as its "base rate" (or such other term as may be used by Citibank, N.A., from time to time, for the rate presently referred to as its "base rate"). Building Systems: The mechanical, electrical, plumbing, sanitary, sprinkler, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, security, life-safety, elevator and other service systems or facilities of the Building up to (but not including) the point of localized distribution to the Premises (excluding, however, supplemental HVAC systems of tenants (including Tenant), sprinklers and the horizontal distribution systems within and servicing the Premises and by which mechanical, electrical, plumbing, sanitary, heating, ventilating and air conditioning, security, life-safety and other service systems are distributed from the base Building risers, feeders, panelboards, etc. for provision of such services to the Premises). Business Days: All days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and all days observed by either the State of New York, the Federal Government or the labor unions servicing the Building as holidays. Code: The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. Control: (i) (a) The ownership, directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the voting stock of a corporation, or (b) in the case of any Person which is not a corporation, the ownership, directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the beneficial ownership interest in such Person, or (ii) in the case of any such Person, the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person. Cost Per Kilowatt Hour: (a) The total cost for electricity incurred by Landlord to service the Building during a particular billing period (including energy charges, demand charges, surcharges, time-of-day charges, fuel adjustment charges, rate adjustment charges, taxes, rebates and any other factors used by the public utility company or other provider in computing its charges to Landlord), divided by (b) the total kilowatt hours purchased by Landlord to provide electricity to the Building during such period. Deficiency: The difference between (a) the Fixed Rent and Additional Rent for the period which otherwise would have constituted the unexpired portion of the Term (assuming the Additional Rent for each year thereof to be the same as was payable for the year immediately preceding such termination or re-entry), and (b) the net amount, if any, of rents collected under any reletting effected pursuant to the provisions of this Lease for any part of such period (after first deducting from such rents all expenses incurred by Landlord in connection with the termination of this Lease, Landlord's re-entry upon the Premises and such reletting, including repossession costs, brokerage commissions, attorneys' fees and disbursements, and alteration costs). Excluded Expenses: (a) Taxes; (b) franchise or income taxes imposed upon Landlord; (c) mortgage amortization and interest; (d) leasing commissions; (e) the cost of tenant installations and decorations incurred in connection with preparing space for any Building tenant, including workletters and concessions; (f) ground rent, if any; (g) wages, salaries and benefits paid to any persons above the level of the immediate supervisor of the Building Manager and excluding the wages, salaries and benefits of such supervisor to the extent such supervisor provides services to buildings other than the Building; (h) legal and accounting fees relating to (A) disputes with tenants, prospective tenants or other occupants of the Building, (B) disputes with purchasers, prospective purchasers, mortgagees or prospective mortgagees of the Building or the Real Property or any part of either, or (C) negotiations of leases, contracts of sale or mortgages; (i) costs of services provided to other tenants of the Building on a "rent-inclusion" basis which are not provided to Tenant on such basis; (j) costs that are reimbursed out of insurance, warranty or condemnation proceeds, or which are reimbursable by Tenant or other tenants other than pursuant to an expense escalation clause; (k) costs in the nature of penalties or fines; (l) costs for services, supplies or repairs paid to any related entity in excess of costs that would be payable in an "arm's length" or unrelated situation; (m) allowances, concessions or other costs and expenses of improving or decorating any demised or demisable space in the Building; (n) advertising and promotional expenses in connection with leasing of the Building; (o) the costs of installing, operating and maintaining a specialty improvement, including a cafeteria, lodging or private dining facility, or an athletic, luncheon or recreational club unless Tenant is permitted to make use of any such facility without additional cost or on a subsidized basis consistent with other users; (p) any costs or expenses (including fines, interest, penalties and legal fees) arising out of Landlord's failure to timely pay Operating Expenses or Taxes; (q) costs incurred in connection with the removal, encapsulation or other treatment of asbestos or any other Hazardous Materials existing in the Premises as of the date hereof; (r) the cost of capital improvements other than those expressly included in Operating Expenses pursuant to Section 8.1 of this Lease; (s) costs incurred to comply with Requirements in effect as of the date of this Lease and with which Landlord is not then in compliance; and (t) costs incurred in connection with the performance of the Building Renovations (including latent defects discovered within the first year after the substantial completion of the Building Renovations). Governmental Authority (Authorities): The United States of America, the City, County or State of New York, or any political subdivision, agency, department, commission, 2 board, bureau or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, or any landmarks preservation agency (or other entity designated or accepted for such purpose by any Governmental Authority or landmarks preservation agency), now existing or hereafter created, having jurisdiction over the Real Property or any portion thereof or the curbs, sidewalks, and areas adjacent thereto. Hazardous Materials: Any substances, materials or wastes currently or in the future deemed or defined in any Requirements as "hazardous substances", "toxic substances", "contaminants", "pollutants" or words of similar import. HVAC Systems: The Building System designed to provide heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Indemnitees: Landlord, Landlord's Agent, each Mortgagee and Lessor, and each of their respective direct and indirect partners, officers, shareholders, managers, directors, members, trustees, beneficiaries, employees, principals, contractors, licensees, invitees, servants, agents and representatives. Lessor: A lessor under a Superior Lease. Mortgage(s): Any mortgage, trust indenture or other financing document (including any assignment of leases and rents) which may now or hereafter affect the Premises, the Real Property, the Building or any Superior Lease and the leasehold interest created thereby, and all renewals, extensions, supplements, amendments, modifications, consolidations and replacements thereof or thereto, substitutions therefor, and advances made thereunder. Mortgagee(s): Any mortgagee, trustee or other holder of a Mortgage. Person: Any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, joint venture, estate, trust, unincorporated association, business trust, tenancy-in common or other entity, or any Governmental Authority. Prohibited Use: Any use or occupancy of the Premises that in Landlord's reasonable judgment would be likely to: (a) cause damage to the Building, the Premises or any equipment, facilities or other systems therein; (b) impair the appearance of the Premises or the Building; (c) interfere with the efficient and economical maintenance, operation and repair of the Premises or the Building or the equipment, facilities or systems thereof; (d) adversely affect any service provided to, and/or the use and occupancy by, any Building tenant or occupants; (e) violate the certificate of occupancy issued for the Premises or the Building or (f) adversely affect the image of the Building as a first-class office location in midtown Manhattan. Prohibited Use also includes the use of any part of the Premises for: (i) a restaurant or bar; (ii) the preparation, consumption, storage, manufacture or sale of food or beverages (except in connection with vending machines and/or warming kitchens installed for the use of Tenant's employees only), liquor, tobacco or drugs; (iii) the business of 3 photocopying, multilith or offset printing (except photocopying in connection with Tenant's own business); (iv) a typing or stenography business; (v) a school or classroom; (vi) lodging or sleeping; (vii) the operation of retail facilities (meaning a business whose primary patronage arises from the generalized solicitation of the general public to visit Tenant's offices in person without a prior appointment) of a savings and loan association or retail facilities of any financial, lending, securities brokerage or investment activity; (viii) a payroll office; (ix) a barber, beauty or manicure shop; (x) an employment agency, executive search firm or similar enterprise; (xi) offices of any Governmental Authority, any foreign government, the United Nations, or any agency or department of the foregoing; (xii) the manufacture, retail sale, storage of merchandise or auction of merchandise, goods or property of any kind to the general public which could reasonably be expected to create a volume of pedestrian traffic substantially in excess of that normally encountered in the Premises; (xiii) the rendering of medical, dental or other therapeutic or diagnostic services; (xiv) a discount drug store or discount clothing store or a "fast food" restaurant; or (xv) any illegal purposes or any activity constituting a nuisance. Requirements: All present and future laws, rules, orders, ordinances, regulations, statutes, requirements, codes and executive orders, extraordinary and ordinary, of (i) all Governmental Authorities, including the Americans With Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. Section 12101 (et seq.), New York City Local Law 58 of 1987, and any law of like import, and all rules, regulations and government orders with respect thereto, and any of the foregoing relating to Hazardous Materials, environmental matters, public health and safety matters and landmarks preservation, (ii) any applicable fire rating bureau or other body exercising similar functions, affecting the Real Property or the maintenance, use or occupation thereof, or any street, avenue or sidewalk comprising a part of or in front thereof or any vault in or under the same and (iii) all requirements of all insurance bodies affecting the Premises. Rules and Regulations: The rules and regulations annexed to and made a part of this Lease as Exhibit E, as they may be modified from time to time by Landlord. Specialty Alterations: Alterations consisting of kitchens, pantries, executive bathrooms, raised computer floors, computer installations, safe deposit boxes, vaults, libraries or file rooms requiring reinforcement of floors, internal staircases, conveyors, dumbwaiters, and other Alterations of a similar character. Substantial Completion. As to any construction performed by any party in the Premises, including the Initial Installations, any Alterations or Landlord's Work, "Substantial Completion" or "Substantially Completed" means that such work has been completed, as reasonably determined by Landlord's architect, in accordance with (a) the provisions of this Lease applicable thereto, (b) the plans and specifications for such work, and (c) all applicable Requirements, except for minor details of construction, decoration and mechanical adjustments, if any, the non-completion of which does not materially interfere with Tenant's use of the Premises or which, in accordance with good construction practice, should be 4 completed after the completion of other work to be performed in the Premises ("Punch List Items"). Superior Lease(s): Any ground or underlying lease of the Real Property or any part thereof heretofore or hereafter made by Landlord and all renewals, extensions, supplements, amendments, modifications, consolidations, and replacements thereof. Tenant Delay: Any delay which results from any act or omission of any Tenant Party, including delays due to changes in or additions to, or interference with any work to be done by Landlord, or delays by Tenant in submission of information approving working drawings or estimates or giving authorizations or approvals. Tenant Party: Any of Tenant, any Affiliate of Tenant, any subtenant or any other occupant of the Premises, or any of their respective direct or indirect partners, officers, shareholders, directors, members, trustees, beneficiaries, employees, principals, contractors, licensees, invitees, visitors, servants, agents, or representatives. Tenant's Property: Tenant's movable fixtures and movable partitions, telephone and other equipment, computer systems, trade fixtures, furniture, furnishings, and other items of personal property which are removable without material damage to the Premises or Building. Unavoidable Delays: Landlord's inability to fulfill or delay in fulfilling any of its obligations under this Lease expressly or impliedly to be performed by Landlord or Landlord's inability to make or delay in making any repairs, additions, alterations, improvements or decorations or Landlord's inability to supply or delay in supplying any equipment or fixtures, if Landlord's inability or delay is due to or arises by reason of strikes, labor troubles or by accident, or by any cause whatsoever beyond Landlord's reasonable control, including Requirements, laws, governmental preemption in connection with a national emergency, shortages, or unavailability of labor, fuel, steam, water, electricity or materials, or delays caused by Tenant or other tenants, mechanical breakdown, acts of God, enemy action, civil commotion, fire or other casualty. 5 EXHIBIT C HVAC SPECIFICATIONS The HVAC System shall be capable of maintaining 75 degrees Fahrenheit plus or minus 2 degrees and 50% humidity (no humidity control), when outdoor conditions are 92 degrees Fahrenheit dry bulb and 73 degrees Fahrenheit wet bulb. The HVAC System shall be capable of maintaining 70 degrees Fahrenheit when outdoor temperature is 15 degrees dry bulb. The HVAC System is designed based upon (1) electrical usage of 4 watts per usable square foot for all purposes (lighting and power), (2) occupancy rate of one person per 150 usable square feet, (3) the provision of 20 CFM of outside air ventilation per person, (4) all windows in the Premises being closed and (5) shades fully drawn and partially closed. EXHIBIT D CLEANING SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL CLEANING NIGHTLY General Offices: 1. All hard surfaced flooring to be swept using approved dustdown preparation. 2. Carpet sweep all carpets, moving only light furniture (desks, file cabinets, etc. not to be moved). 3. Hand dust and wipe clean all furniture, fixtures and window sills. 4. Empty all waste receptacles and remove wastepaper. 5. Wash clean all Building water fountains and coolers. 6. Sweep all private stairways. Lavatories: 1. Sweep and wash all floors, using proper disinfectants. 2. Wash and polish all mirrors, shelves, bright work and enameled surfaces. 3. Wash and disinfect all basins, bowls and urinals. 4. Wash all toilet seats. 5. Hand dust and clean all partitions, tile walls, dispensers and receptacles in lavatories and restrooms. 6. Empty paper receptacles, fill receptacles from tenant supply and remove wastepaper. 7. Fill toilet tissue holders from tenant supply. 8. Empty and clean sanitary disposal receptacles. WEEKLY 1. Vacuum all carpeting and rugs. 2. Dust all door louvers and other ventilating louvers within a person's normal reach. 3. Wipe clean all brass and other bright work. QUARTERLY High dust premises complete including the following: 1. Dust all pictures, frames, charts, graphs and similar wall hangings not reached in nightly cleaning. 2. Dust all vertical surfaces, such as walls, partitions, doors, bucks and other surfaces not reached in nightly cleaning. 3. Dust all venetian blinds. 4. Wash all windows. 2 EXHIBIT E RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. No awnings or other projections shall be attached to the outside walls of the Building. No curtains, blinds, shades, screens or other obstructions shall be attached to or hung in or used in connection with any exterior window or entry door of the Premises, without the prior written consent of Landlord. 2. No sign, advertisement, notice or other lettering shall be exhibited, inscribed, painted or affixed to any part of the outside of the Premises or Building or on the inside of the Premises if the same can be seen from the outside of the Premises without the prior written consent of Landlord. Lettering on doors, if and when approved by Landlord, shall be inscribed, painted or affixed for Tenant in a size, color and style acceptable to Landlord. 3. The grills, louvers, skylights, windows and doors that reflect or admit light and/or air into the Premises, halls, passageways or other public places in the Building shall not be covered or obstructed by Tenant, nor shall any bottles, parcels or other article be placed on the window sills, radiators or convectors. 4. Landlord shall have the right to prohibit any advertising by Tenant which, in Landlord's opinion, tends to impair the reputation of the Building or its desirability as a Building for offices, and upon written notice from Landlord, Tenant shall refrain from or discontinue such advertising. 5. The sidewalks, entrances, passages, courts, elevators, vestibules, stairways, corridors or halls shall not be obstructed or encumbered by Tenant or used for any purpose other than ingress or egress to and from the Premises and for delivery of merchandise, equipment and other personal property in prompt and efficient manner, using elevators and passageways designated for such delivery by Landlord. 6. Except in those areas designated by Tenant as "security areas", all locks or bolts of any kind shall be operable by the Grand Master Key. No locks shall be placed upon any of the doors or windows by Tenant, nor shall any changes be made in locks or the mechanism thereof which shall make such locks inoperable by said Grand Master Key. Tenant shall, upon the termination of its tenancy, turn over to Landlord all keys of stores, offices and toilet rooms, either furnished to or otherwise procured by Tenant and in the event of the loss of any keys furnished by Landlord, Tenant shall pay to Landlord the cost thereof. 7. Tenant shall keep the entrance door to the Premises closed at all times. 8. All removals or the carrying in or out of any freight, furniture, packages, boxes, crates or any other object or matter of any description must take place during Building standard hours. Landlord reserves the right to inspect all objects and matter to be brought into the Building and to exclude from the Building all objects and matter which violates any of these Rules and Regulations or the lease of which these Rules and Regulations are a part. Landlord may require that any person leaving the public areas of the Building with any package, object or matter submit a pass, listing each package, object or matter being removed, but the establishment and enforcement of such requirement shall not impose any responsibility on Landlord for the protection of Tenant against the removal of property from the Premises. 9. There shall not be used in any space or in the public halls of the Building, either by Tenant or by jobbers or any others in the moving or delivery or receipt of safes, freight, furniture, packages, boxes, crates, paper, office material or any other matter or thing, any hand trucks except those equipped with rubber tires, side guards and such other safeguards as Landlord requires. 10. None of Tenant's employees, visitors or contractors shall be permitted to have access to the Building's roof, mechanical, electrical or telephone rooms without permission from Landlord. 11. Tenant shall not make or permit to be made, any unseemly or disturbing noises or disturb or interfere with occupants of this or neighboring Buildings or premises or those having business with them. 12. Tenant shall not lay floor tile, or other similar floor covering so that the same shall come in direct contact with the floor of the Premises and, if such floor covering is desired to be used, an interlining of builder's deadening felt shall be first affixed to the floor by a paste or other material, soluble in water, the use of cement or other similar adhesive material being expressly prohibited. 13. Neither Tenant nor any of Tenant's servants, employees, agents, visitors or licensees shall at any time bring or keep upon the Premises any hazardous material, inflammable, combustible or explosive fluid, chemical or substance except such minimal quantities as are incidental to normal office occupancy. 14. Tenant shall not use or keep, or permit to be used or kept, any hazardous or toxic materials or any foul or noxious gas or substance in the Premises, permit or suffer the Premises to be occupied or used in a manner offensive or objectionable to Landlord or other occupants of the Building by reason of noise, odors, vibrations or interfere in any way with other tenants or those having business therein. 2 15. Tenant shall not cause or permit any odors of cooking or other processes or any unusual or objectionable odors to emanate from the Premises which would annoy other tenants or create a public or private nuisance. 16. Except as specifically provided in the Lease, Tenant shall not do any cooking or conduct any restaurant, luncheonette or cafeteria for the sale or service of food or beverages to its employees or to others. 17. Tenant may, at its sole cost and expense and subject to compliance with all applicable requirements of the Lease, install and maintain vending machines for the exclusive use by Tenant, its officers, employees and business guests, provided that each machine, where necessary, shall have a waterproof pan thereunder and be connected to a drain. Tenant shall not permit the delivery of any food or beverage to the Premises, except by persons approved by Landlord, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. 18. Tenant shall not employ any person or persons other than the janitor of Landlord for the purpose of cleaning the Premises, unless otherwise agreed to by Landlord in writing. Tenant shall not cause any unnecessary labor by reason of Tenant's carelessness or indifference in the preservation of good order and cleanliness. 19. Tenant shall store all its trash, garbage and recyclables within its Premises. No material shall be disposed of which may result in a violation of any law or ordinance governing such disposal. All garbage and refuse disposal shall be made only through entry ways and elevators provided for such purposes and at such times as Landlord shall designate. Tenant shall use Building's hauler. 20. Tenant shall, at its expense, provide artificial light for the employees of Landlord while doing janitor service or other cleaning, and in making repairs or alterations in the Premises. 21. Tenant shall not mark, paint, drill into or in any way deface any part of the Premises or the Building, except with the prior written consent of Landlord in the case of the Premises, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. No boring, cutting or stringing of wires shall be permitted, except with prior written consent of Landlord, and as Landlord may direct. 22. The water and wash closets and other plumbing fixtures shall not be used for any purposes other than those for which they were constructed and no sweepings, rubbish, rags, acids or other substances shall be deposited therein. All damages resulting from any misuse of the fixtures shall be borne by Tenant who or whose servants, employees, agents, visitors or licensees shall have caused the same. 3 23. Tenant, before closing and leaving the Premises at any time, shall see that all lights, water, faucets, etc. are turned off. All entrance doors in the Premises shall be left locked by Tenant when the Premises are not in use. 24. No bicycles, in-line roller skates, vehicles or animals of any kind (except for seeing eye dogs) shall be brought into or kept by Tenant in or about the Premises or the Building. 25. Canvassing, soliciting and peddling in the Building is prohibited and Tenant shall cooperate to prevent the same. 26. The Premises shall not be used for lodging or sleeping or for an immoral or illegal purposes. 27. The Premises shall not be used for manufacturing, for the storage of merchandise, or for the sale of merchandise, goods or property of any kind at auction or otherwise, except as specifically permitted by the Lease. 28. Tenant shall not occupy or permit any portion of the Premises as an office for a public stenographer or public typist or for the possession, storage, manufacture of sale of narcotics, dope or tobacco in any form or as a barber or manicure shop or as an employment bureau. Tenant shall not engage or pay any employees on the Premises, except those actually working for Tenant on the Premises, nor advertise for labor giving an address at the Premises. 29. Tenant shall not accept barbering or bootblacking services in the Premises, from any company or persons not approved by Landlord, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, and at hours and under regulations other than as reasonably fixed by Landlord. 30. The requirements of Tenant will be attended to only upon written application at the office of the building, except in the event of any emergency condition. Employees of Landlord or Landlord's agents shall not perform any work or do anything outside of the regular duties, unless under special instructions from the office of Landlord or in response to an emergency condition. 31. Tenant shall be responsible for the delivery and pick up of all mail from the United States Post office. 32. Landlord reserves the right to exclude from the Building between the hours of 6 P.M. and 8 A.M. and at all hours on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays observed by the Building all persons who do not present a pass to the Building signed or approved by Landlord, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. Tenant shall be responsible 4 for all persons for whom a pass shall be issued at the request of Tenant and shall be liable to Landlord for all acts of such persons. 33. In accordance with the alteration section of the Lease, Landlord is entitled to review and approve architectural and engineering drawings. The review/alteration of Tenant drawings and/or specifications by Tishman Speyer Properties and any of its representative is not intended to verify Tenant's engineering or design requirements and/or solutions. The review/alteration is performed to determine compatibility with the Building Systems and lease conditions. 34. Tenant renovations are to be performed by those contractors and subcontractors on the Landlord's approved contractor's list, adhere to the Building's applicable Standard Operating Procedures, be compatible with Building Class E System and other common systems, etc. 35. Landlord may waive any one or more of these Rules and Regulations for the benefit of any particular tenant or tenants, but no such waiver by Landlord shall be construed as a waiver of such Rules and Regulations in favor of any other tenant or tenants, nor prevent Landlord from thereafter enforcing any such Rules and Regulations against any or all of the tenants of the Building. 36. Landlord shall not be responsible to Tenant or to any other person for the non-observance or violation of these Rules and Regulations by any other tenant or other person. Tenant shall be deemed to have read the Rules and Regulations and to have agreed to abide by them as a condition to its occupancy of the Premises. 37. These Rules and Regulations are in addition to, and shall not be constructed to in any way modify or amend, in whole or in part, the terms, covenants, agreements and conditions of the Lease. 5 EXHIBIT F LETTER OF CREDIT [LETTERHEAD OF ISSUER OF LETTER OF CREDIT] ____________________, 2000 TST 300 PARK, L.P. C/O TISHMAN SPEYER PROPERTIES, L.P. 520 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10022 ATTENTION: GENERAL COUNSEL REF: IRREVOCABLE LETTER OF CREDIT NO. _______ GENTLEMEN: WE HEREBY OPEN OUR UNCONDITIONAL IRREVOCABLE CLEAN LETTER OF CREDIT NO. _______ IN YOUR FAVOR AVAILABLE BY YOUR DRAFT(S) AT SIGHT FOR AN AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED IN THE AGGREGATE ($________) EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY. ALL DRAFTS SO DRAWN MUST BE MARKED "DRAWN UNDER IRREVOCABLE LETTER OF CREDIT OF [ISSUING BANK], NO. _____________, DATED _______, 1999." THIS LETTER OF CREDIT IS ISSUED, PRESENTABLE AND PAYABLE AT OUR OFFICE AT _______________, NEW YORK CITY, N.Y. OR SUCH OTHER OFFICE IN NEW YORK CITY, N.Y. AS WE MAY DESIGNATE BY WRITTEN NOTICE TO YOU, AND EXPIRES WITH OUR CLOSE OF BUSINESS ON ________________, 2000. IT IS A CONDITION OF THIS LETTER OF CREDIT THAT IT SHALL BE AUTOMATICALLY EXTENDED FOR ADDITIONAL TWELVE MONTH PERIODS THROUGH [60 DAYS AFTER LEASE EXPIRATION], UNLESS WE INFORM YOU IN WRITING BY REGISTERED MAIL DISPATCHED BY US AT LEAST 45 DAYS PRIOR TO THE THEN EXPIRATION DATE THAT THIS LETTER OF CREDIT SHALL NOT BE EXTENDED. IN THE EVENT THIS CREDIT IS NOT EXTENDED FOR AN ADDITIONAL PERIOD AS PROVIDED ABOVE, YOU MAY DRAW HEREUNDER. SUCH DRAWING IS TO BE MADE BY MEANS OF A DRAFT ON US AT SIGHT WHICH MUST BE PRESENTED TO US BEFORE THE THEN EXPIRATION DATE OF THIS LETTER OF CREDIT. THIS LETTER OF CREDIT CANNOT BE MODIFIED OR REVOKED WITHOUT YOUR CONSENT. THIS LETTER OF CREDIT IS PAYABLE IN MULTIPLE DRAFTS AND SHALL BE TRANSFERABLE BY YOU WITHOUT ADDITIONAL CHARGE TO YOU. WE HEREBY DO UNDERTAKE TO PROMPTLY HONOR YOUR SIGHT DRAFT OR DRAFTS DRAWN ON US, INDICATING OUR LETTER OF CREDIT NO. __________ FOR THE AMOUNT AVAILABLE TO BE DRAWN ON THIS LETTER OF CREDIT UPON PRESENTATION OF YOUR SIGHT DRAFT IN THE FORM OF SCHEDULE A ATTACHED HERETO DRAWN ON US AT OUR OFFICES SPECIFIED ABOVE DURING OUR USUAL BUSINESS HOURS ON OR BEFORE THE EXPIRATION DATE HEREOF. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED HEREIN, THIS UNDERTAKING IS NOT SUBJECT TO ANY AGREEMENTS, REQUIREMENTS OR QUALIFICATION. OUR OBLIGATION UNDER THIS LETTER OF CREDIT IS OUR INDIVIDUAL OBLIGATION AND IS IN NO WAY CONTINGENT UPON REIMBURSEMENT WITH RESPECT THERETO OR UPON OUR ABILITY TO PERFECT ANY LIEN, SECURITY INTEREST OR ANY OTHER REIMBURSEMENT. THIS LETTER OF CREDIT IS SUBJECT TO THE UNIFORM CUSTOMS AND PRACTICE FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDITS - 1993 REVISION, INTER-NATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE PUBLICATION NO. 500, AND SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE A CONTRACT MADE UNDER, AND AS TO MATTERS NOT GOVERNED BY THE UCP, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK AND APPLICABLE U.S. LAW. ISSUER OF LETTER OF CREDIT ---------- 2 SCHEDULE A DRAFT Drawn Under Irrevocable Letter of Credit of [Issuing Bank] No.: ________________ dated ______________, 200_ Date of this Draft: _____________________________ _____________________, 200_ To the Order of TST 300 Park, L.P. Pay ________________________________________ ($___________) Dollars At Sight For value received under Letter of Credit No. ____________________________ To: (Insert name and address of Issuing Bank) This Draft is payable only at: (Insert name and address of Issuing Bank) TST 300 PARK, L.P. By: ---------------------------------- 3 EXHIBIT G SUBORDINATION, NON-DISTURBANCE AND ATTORNMENT AGREEMENT THIS SUBORDINATION, NON-DISTURBANCE AND ATTORNMENT AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") made as of the ___ day of _______, 2000, by and among SUNAMERICA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, an Arizona corporation, its successors or assigns ("Lender"), _________________, a ________ ("Tenant"), and TST 300 PARK, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("Landlord"). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Lender has agreed to make a loan (the "Loan") in the maximum principal amount of $168,000,000.00 to Landlord; WHEREAS, the Loan will be evidenced by a promissory note (the "Note") dated as of June 15, 1999 made by Landlord to order of Lender and was secured by, among other things, that certain Agreement of Confirmation, Reaffirmation, Consolidation and Modification of Mortgage and Note dated as of June 15, 1999 (the "Mortgage") made by Landlord to Lender covering the land (the "Land") described on Schedule A hereto and all improvements (the "Improvements") now or hereafter located on the land (the Land and the Improvements hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Mortgaged Property"); and WHEREAS, by a lease dated as of , 2000 (which lease, as the same may have been amended and supplemented, is hereinafter called the "Lease"), Landlord leased to Tenant approximately square feet of space located in the Improvements (the "Premises"); and WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to make the Lease subject and subordinate to the Mortgage. NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto, in consideration of the covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, hereby agree as follows: 1. The Lease, as the same may hereafter be modified, amended or extended, and all of Tenant's right, title and interest in and to the Premises and all rights, remedies and options of Tenant under the Lease, are and shall be unconditionally subject and subordinate to the Mortgage and the lien thereof, to all the terms, conditions and provisions of the Mortgage, to each and every advance made or hereafter made under the Mortgage, and to all renewals, modifications, consolidations, replacements, substitutions and extensions of the Mortgage, so that at all times the Mortgage shall be and remain a lien on the Mortgaged Property prior and superior to the Lease for all purposes; provided, however, and Lender agrees, that so long as (A) no event has occurred and no condition exists, which would entitle Landlord to terminate the Lease or would cause, without further action of Landlord, the termination of the Lease or would entitle Landlord to dispossess Tenant from the Premises, (B) the term of the Lease has commenced and Tenant is in possession of the Premises, (C) the Lease shall be in full force and effect and shall not have been otherwise modified or supplemented in any way without Lender's prior written consent, (D) Tenant shall duly confirm its attornment to Lender or its successor or assign by written instrument as set forth in Paragraph 3 hereof, (E) neither Lender nor its successors or assigns shall be liable under any warranty of construction contained in the Lease or any implied warranty of construction, and (F) all representations and warranties made herein by Tenant shall be true and correct as of the date of such attornment; then, and in such event Tenant's leasehold estate under the Lease shall not be terminated, Tenant's possession of the Premises shall not be disturbed by Lender and Lender will accept the attornment of Tenant. 2. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Lease, Tenant hereby agrees that in the event of any act, omission or default by Landlord or Landlord's agents, employees, contractors, licensees or invitees which would give Tenant the right, either immediately or after the lapse of a period of time, to terminate the Lease, or to claim a partial or total eviction, or to reduce the rent payable thereunder or credit or offset any amounts against future rents payable thereunder, Tenant will not exercise any such right (i) until it has given written notice of such act, omission or default to Lender by delivering notice of such act, omission or default, in accordance with Paragraph 8 hereof, and (ii) until a period of not less than sixty (60) days for remedying such act, omission or default shall have elapsed following the giving of such notice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of any default of Landlord which cannot be cured within such sixty (60) day period, if Lender shall within such period proceed promptly to cure the same (including such time as may be necessary to acquire possession of the Premises if possession is necessary to effect such cure) and thereafter shall prosecute the curing of such default with diligence, then the time within which such default may be cured by Lender shall be extended for such period as may be necessary to complete the curing of the same with diligence. Lender's cure of Landlord's default shall not be considered an assumption by Lender of Landlord's other obligations under the Lease. Unless Lender otherwise agrees in writing, Landlord shall remain solely liable to perform Landlord's obligations under the Lease (but only to the extent required by and subject to the limitation included with the Lease), both before and after Lender's exercise of any right or remedy under this Agreement. If Lender or any successor or assign becomes obligated to perform as Landlord under the Lease, such person or entity will be released from those obligations when such person or entity assigns, sells or otherwise transfers its interest in the Premises or the Mortgaged Property. 3. Without limitation of any of the provisions of the Lease, in the event that Lender succeeds to the interest of Landlord or any successor to Landlord, then subject to the provisions of this Agreement including, without limitation, Paragraph 1 above, the Lease shall nevertheless continue in full force and effect and Tenant shall and does hereby agree to attorn to and accept Lender and to recognize Lender as its Landlord under the Lease for the 2 then remaining balance of the term thereof, and upon request of Lender, Tenant shall execute and deliver to Lender an agreement of attornment reasonably satisfactory to Lender. 4. If Lender succeeds to the interest of Landlord or any successor to Landlord, in no event shall Lender have any liability for any act or omission of any prior landlord under the Lease which occurs prior to the date Lender succeeds to the rights of Landlord under the Lease, nor any liability for claims, offsets or defenses which Tenant might have had against Landlord. In no event shall Lender have any personal liability as successor to Landlord and Tenant shall look only to the estate and property of Lender in the Land and the Improvements for the satisfaction of Tenant's remedies for the collection of a judgment (or other judicial process) requiring the payment of money in the event of any default by Lender as Landlord under the Lease, and no other property or assets of Lender shall be subject to levy, execution or other enforcement procedure for the satisfaction of Tenant's remedies under or with respect to the Lease. 5. Tenant agrees that no prepayment of rent or additional rent due under the Lease of more than one month in advance, and no amendment, modification, surrender or cancellation of the Lease, and no waiver or consent by Landlord under the terms of the Lease, shall be binding upon or as against Lender, as holder of the Mortgage, and as Landlord under the Lease if it succeeds to that position, unless consented to in writing by Lender. In addition, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, Tenant agrees that Lender, as holder of the Mortgage, and as Landlord under the Lease if it succeeds to that position, shall in no event have any liability for the performance or completion of any initial work or installations or for any loan or contribution or rent concession towards initial work, which are required to be made by Landlord (A) under the Lease or under any related Lease documents or (B) for any space which may hereafter become part of said Premises, and any such requirement shall be inoperative in the event Lender succeeds to the position of Landlord prior to the completion or performance thereof. Tenant further agrees with Lender that Tenant will not voluntarily subordinate the Lease to any lien or encumbrance without Lender's prior written consent. 6. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute and be construed as one and the same instrument. 7. All remedies which Lender may have against Landlord provided herein, if any, are cumulative and shall be in addition to any and all other rights and remedies provided by law and by other agreements between Lender and Landlord or others. If any party consists of multiple individuals or entities, each of same shall be jointly and severally liable for the obligations of such party hereunder. 8. All notices to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed served upon receipt by the addressee if served personally or, if mailed, upon the first 3 to occur of receipt or the refusal of delivery as shown on a return receipt, after deposit in the United States Postal Service certified mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the address of Landlord, Tenant or Lender appearing below, or, if sent by telegram, when delivered by or refused upon attempted delivery by the telegraph office. Such addresses may be changed by notice given in the same manner. If any party consists of multiple individuals or entities, then notice to any one of same shall be deemed notice to such party. Lender's Address: One SunAmerica Center Century City Los Angeles, California 90067 Attention: William Petak Tenant's Address: ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- Attention: ------------------------ 4 Landlord's Address: c/o Tishman Speyer Properties, L.P. 520 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10022 Attention: General Counsel 9. This Agreement shall be interpreted and construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York. 10. This Agreement shall apply to, bind and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. As used herein "Lender" shall include any subsequent holder of the Mortgage. 11. Tenant acknowledges that Landlord has assigned to Lender its right, title and interest in the Lease and to the rents, issues and profits of the Mortgaged Property and the Property pursuant to the Mortgage, and that Landlord has been granted the license to collect such rents provided no Event of Default has occurred under, and as defined in, the Mortgage. Tenant agrees to pay all rents and other amounts due under the Lease directly to Lender upon receipt of written demand by Lender, and Landlord hereby consents thereto. The assignment of the Lease to Lender, or the collection of rents by Lender pursuant to such assignment, shall not obligate Lender to perform Landlord's obligations under the Lease. 5 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written. LENDER: SUNAMERICA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, an Arizona corporation By: ------------------------------------ Name: ----------------------------------- Title: --------------------------------- LANDLORD: TST 300 PARK, L.P, a Delaware Limited Partnership By: TST 300 Park Corp., its general partner By: ------------------------------------ Name: ------------------------------- Title: ------------------------------ TENANT: , a ----------------- ------------------- By: ------------------------------------ Name: ------------------------------- Title: ------------------------------ 6
Exhibit 10.13 ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION OF LEASE THIS ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION OF LEASE ("Assignment") entered into effective as of the 3rd day of October, 2003, by McCARTER & ENGLISH, LLP, a New Jersey limited liability partnership, having an address of Four Gateway Center, 100 Mulberry Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102 ("Assignor") and GREENHILL & CO., LLC, a New York limited liability company, with an address of 300 Park Avenue, 23rd Floor, New York, New York 10022 ("Assignee") W I T N E S S E T H: WHEREAS TST 300 Park, L.P. ("Landlord") and Assignor entered into that certain lease, dated as of April 21, 2000 (the "Lease"), a true and complete copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit A, with respect to those certain premises consisting of the entire eighteenth floor of the Building located at 300 Park Avenue, New York, New York, all as more fully described in the Lease (the "Leased Premises"); and WHEREAS Assignor desires to assign the Lease and the leasehold estate created thereunder to Assignee and, subject to the terms and conditions hereof, Assignee desires to assume the obligations of Assignor, as tenant under the Lease, all in accordance with the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Assignor and Assignee covenant and agree as follows: 1. Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meaning as set forth in the Lease. 2. Assignor intends, and hereby agrees to act in good faith, to deliver possession of the Leased Premises to Assignee as of November 3, 2003; provided, however, the date that Assignor actually delivers possession of the Leased Premises to Assignee, in accordance with the terms and provisions set forth in this Assignment, including but not limited to Section 12 below, shall be the "Assignment Date". As of the Assignment Date; (i) Assignor hereby assigns, transfers and conveys to Assignee the leasehold estate and all of its right, title and interest as tenant in, to, and under the Lease; and (ii) Assignee hereby accepts the assignment of the Lease, and the leasehold estate created thereunder, by Assignor and assumes, absolutely and irrevocably, and agrees to be bound by all the terms, covenants, provisions, and conditions of the Lease. a. Except as set forth in Subsection 2(b) below, Assignee acknowledges and agrees that the Leased Premises are being assigned to it in an "AS-IS", "WHERE-IS" condition. b. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if during the first six (6) months of the term of this Assignment Assignee discovers the presence of asbestos (which asbestos were present in or on the Leased Premises prior to the Assignment Date), then Assignor shall, within forty-five days of Assignee's written request therefor, reimburse Assignee for the reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by Assignee to encapsulate such asbestos; provided, however, Assignee hereby agrees to pay the first $15,000 of costs and expenses for such encapsulation. 3. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, Assignor hereby indemnities and agrees to hold Assignee harmless from and against any loss, damage, liability, cost or expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and court costs) resulting to Assignee by virtue of the failure by Assignor to perform or comply with any term, covenant, or condition of the Lease required to be performed or complied with, or any other matter accruing under the Lease, prior to the Assignment Date. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, Assignee hereby indemnifies and agrees to hold Assignor harmless from and against any loss, damage, liability, cost or expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and court costs) resulting to Assignor by virtue of Assignee's failure to perform or comply with any term, covenant, or condition of the Lease required to be performed or complied with, or any other matter accruing under the Lease, on or after the Assignment Date (including, without limitation, during any period beyond the original term of the Lease, whether as the result of a holdover, an extension or modification of the Lease, or otherwise). 4. Assignee acknowledges and agrees that the assignment effectuated hereby, together with the Consent of Landlord to be obtained in accordance with the provisions of Section 6 hereof, shall release and relieve Assignor from any liability or obligation to Landlord under the provisions, covenants and conditions of the Lease to the extent the same may arise on or after the Assignment Date; provided, however, nothing in this Section 4 or in Paragraph 9 of the Landlord's Consent to Assignment and Amendment to Lease shall limit Assignor's liabilities or obligations to Assignee as set forth in this Assignment. 5. Assignor represents and warrants that the amount of the Security Deposit presently held by the Landlord is $1,550,000 in the form of a letter of credit (the "Existing Letter of Credit"). Assignee shall be responsible for providing Landlord with a substitute letter of credit satisfying the provisions of Article 35 of the Lease on the Assignment Date (as more fully set forth in that certain Consent to Assignment and Amendment to Lease, dated on or about even date herewith, and by and between Landlord, Assignor and Assignee). 6. This Assignment is subject to, and shall become effective only upon the written consent of Landlord to the making of this Assignment, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B. 2 7. In consideration of Assignee entering into this Assignment and assuming the obligations of the Tenant under the Lease, Assignor agrees to pay to Assignee the following; (a) A construction allowance of $58,125.00 (less a credit for Base Rent paid by Assignor for the remaining days in the current month), payable on or before the Assignment Date. (b) The sum of $322,109.37, payable in three (3) equal monthly installments of 107,369.79, which installments shall be payable (i) on the first day of the first month following the Assignment Date, (ii) on the first day of the second month following the Assignment Date, and (iii) on the first day of the third month following the Assignment Date. (c) The following amounts in order to reimburse Assignee for a portion of the Fixed Rent due under the Lease as follows: (i) Monthly installments of $18,567.71 commencing upon the first day of the fourth month following Assignment Date, and continuing until the earlier to occur of (l) the July 1, 2005 or (2) any earlier termination of the Lease. (ii) Monthly installments of $28,255.21 commencing on July 1, 2005 and continuing until the earlier to occur of (1) the day immediately preceding the fourth anniversary of the Assignment Date or (2) any earlier termination of the Lease. (iii) Monthly installments of $25,026.04 commencing on the fourth anniversary of the Assignment Date and continuing until the earlier to occur of (1) the Expiration Date for the initial Term of the Lease of July 31, 2010, or (2) any earlier termination of the Lease. (d) Monthly payments equal to one-twelfth (1/12th) of the lesser of (i) Tenant's Proportionate Share of the increase in Taxes for the 2003/2004 Comparison Year over the Base Taxes, or (ii) in the event Taxes for any Lease Year are less than the Taxes for the 2003/2004 Comparison Year, Tenant's Proportionate Share of the increase in Taxes for such Comparison Year over the Base Taxes ("Assignor's Tax Contribution"). Assignor's Tax Contribution shall be payable to Assignee on or prior to the first day of each month commencing upon the first day of the first month following Assignment Date, and continuing until the earlier to occur of (i) the Expiration Date of the initial Term of the Lease on July 31, 2010 or (ii) any earlier termination of the Lease. Monthly payments shall 3 be based upon Landlord's estimate of Tenant's Tax Payments as set forth in Section 8.2 of the Lease, and shall be subject to annual reconciliation within ten (10) Business Days after each annual Statement of Taxes is provided to Assignor. (e) Monthly payments equal to one-twelfth (1/12th) of the lesser of (i) Tenant's Proportionate Share of the increase in Operating Expenses for the 2003 Comparison Year over the Base Operating Expenses, or (ii) in the event Operating Expenses for any Comparison Year (as defined in the Lease) are less than the Operating Expenses for the 2003 Comparison Year, Tenant's Proportionate Share of the increase in Operating Expenses for such Comparison Year over the Base Operating Expenses ("Assignor's Operating Expense Contribution"). Assignor's Operating Expense Contribution shall payable to Assignee on or prior to the first day of each month commencing upon the first day of the first month following Assignment Date, and continuing until the earlier to occur of (i) the Expiration Date of the initial Term of the Lease on July 31, 2010 or (ii) any earlier termination of the Lease. Monthly payments shall be based upon Landlord's estimate of Tenant's Operating Payment as set forth in Section 8.3 of the Lease, and shall be subject to annual reconciliation within ten (10) Business Days after each annual Statement of Taxes is provided to Assignor. (f) In the event Assignor does not deliver possession of the Leased Premises to Assignee on or before December 3, 2003, then Assignor hereby agrees to pay to Assignee a sum equal to $4,440 per day for each day after December 3, 2003 that Assignor does not deliver possession of the Leased Premises to Assignee, with at least twenty (20) days prior written notice to Assignee of the delivery date. 8. Assignor and Assignee each warrants and represents to the other that it had no dealing with any broker or finder concerning this Assignment other than CBRE Real Estate Services, Inc. and The Garibaldi Group in cooperation with The Staubach Company (collectively, the "Brokers"). Each party hereto agrees to indemnify and hold the other party harmless from any and all liabilities and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements, arising out of claims against the other party by any other broker, consultant, finder or like agent claiming to have brought about this Assignment based upon the alleged acts of the indemnifying party. Assignor shall be responsible for any commissions and fees owed to Brokers in connection with this Assignment and its negotiation pursuant to a separate agreement between Assignor and/or Assignee and Brokers. 9. This Assignment shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. Assignee and Assignor agree that any 4 action or proceeding brought to enforce any provision of this Assignment shall be brought in the courts of the State of New York. 10. Assignor represents and warrants to Assignee that (a) Assignor is the holder of the tenant's interest in the Lease, (b) Assignor's interest as tenant under the Lease has not been pledged or otherwise assigned to any other party, (c) Exhibit A contains a true and complete copy of the Lease and any amendments thereto, and (d) all rent due and payable under the Lease has been paid by Assignee through the date hereof, (e) Assignee has receive no notice from Landlord that Assignor is in default of any of its obligations under the Lease, and (f) Assignor has not exercised its renewal option as provided in Article 37 of the Lease. 11. Assignor covenants, represents and warrants to Assignee that, as of the date hereof, and through the Assignment Date: a. Assignor is in, and shall be in compliance with all Requirements applicable to the Leased Premises, as more fully set forth in Section 9.1(a) of the Lease; and b. Tenant has not and shall not (i) cause or permit any Hazardous Materials to be brought into the Building, (ii) cause or permit the storage or use of the Hazardous Materials in any manner not permitted by any Requirements, or (iii) cause or permit the escape, disposal or release of any Hazardous Material within the vicinity of the Building. 12. Assignor therefore agrees if Assignor can not deliver the Leased Premises to Assignee on or before November 3, 2003, then the Assignment Date shall be made effective as of the date which Assignor actually delivers possession to Assignee (which date shall not be less than 20 days after Assignee receives written notice that Assignor is able to deliver possession on such date). Further, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if Assignor is unable to deliver the Leased Premises to Assignee on or before December 31, 2003, then Assignee may terminate this Assignment (and retain the monetary payments set forth in Section 7(b) above) with written notice to Assignor. 13. Each of the following events shall be an "Event of Default" hereunder: a. Assignor fails to pay when due any monetary payment required under this Assignment and such default continues for five Business Days after notice of such default is given to Assignor, except that if Tenant shall have given two such notices of default in the payment of any monetary payment in any twelve month period, Assignor shall not be entitled to any further notice of delinquency in the payment of any monetary payment or an extended period in which to make payment until such time as twelve consecutive months have elapsed without Assignor having failed to make ay such payment when due, and 5 the occurrence of any default in the payment of any monetary payment within such twelve month period after giving of two such notices shall constitute and Event of Default; or b. Assignor defaults in the observance or performance of any other term, covenant, condition of this Assignment to be observed or performed by Assignor and such default continues for more than 20 days after notice by Assignee of such default; or c. Assignor's interest in this Assignment shall devolve upon or pass to any Person, whether by operation of law or otherwise (provided, however, Assignor may merge with another entity so long as (i) Assignee is provided notice thereof and (ii) such new entity is liable hereunder); or d. Assignor generally does not, or is unable to, or admits in writing its inability to, pay its debts as they become due; or e. Assignor files a voluntary petition in bankruptcy or insolvency, or is adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or files any petition or answer seeking any reorganization, liquidation, dissolution or similar relief under any present of future federal bankruptcy act or any other present or future applicable federal, state or other statute or law, or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors or seeks or consents to acquiesces in the appointment of any trustee, receiver, liquidator or other similar official for Assignor or for all or part of Assignor's property; or f. if, within 60 days after the commencement of any proceeding against Assignor, whether by the filing of a petition or otherwise, seeking bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation, dissolution or similar relief under the present or any future federal bankruptcy act or any other present or future applicable federal, state or other statute or law, such proceeding shall not have been dismissed, or if, within 60 days after the appointment of any trustee, receiver, liquidator or other similar official for Assignor or for all or any part of Assignor's property, without the consent or acquiescence of Assignor, such appointment shall not have been vacated or otherwise discharged, or if any lien, execution or attachment or other similar filing shall be made or issued against Assignor or any of Assignor's property pursuant to which the Leased Premises shall be take or occupied or attempted to be take or occupied by someone other than Assignor. 14. If any Event of Default occurs, Assignee shall have the following rights and remedies: a. Assignee shall have the right to accelerate all payments due, through and including the Expiration Date for the initial Term of the Lease, under Subsection 7(c)(i)-(iii) of this Assignment, and such payments (less a 6 discount rate of four percent (4%)) shall at once become due and payable and may be collected forthwith ("Accelerated Monthly Rent Payments"); b. Assignee shall have the right, as liquidated and agreed damages, to estimate the payments due under Subsections 7(d) and (e) above by multiplying the then applicable monthly payment amount under Subsections 7(d) and (e) and multiplying such monthly payment amount (less a discount rate of four percent (4%)) by the total months remaining under the initial Term of the Lease ("Liquidated Damages"), and declare such amount due and payable; c. Assignor shall pay to Assignee all monetary payments then due and payable under the terms of this Assignment, the Accelerated Monthly Rent Payments and Liquidated Damages; d. Assignee shall be entitled to draw upon the letter of credit deposited by Assignor as security, and Assignor shall be entitled to the proceeds thereof, which monies, shall be applied to the amounts due and owing to Assignee and against any damages payable by Assignor to Assignee; e. Any damages payable under this Assignment and not paid when due shall bear interest at the Interest Rate from the due date until paid, and the interest shall be deemed additional payments required hereunder; and f. The rights and remedies set forth above are cumulative and shall not preclude Assignee from invoking any other remedy allowed in law or equity. 15. a. Assignor shall, within 15 days after the execution of this Assignment, deliver a clean, irrevocable, non-documentary and unconditional letter of credit from Wachovia Bank, N.A. or other financial institution and in form reasonably approved by Assignee ("Letter of Credit"). The Letter of Credit shall (i) name Assignee as beneficiary, (ii) be in the initial amount of $1,000,000.00, (iii) have a term of not less than one year, (iv) permit multiple drawings, (v) be fully transferable by Assignor without the payment of any fees or charges by Assignee, and (vi) otherwise be in form and content reasonably satisfactory to Assignee. Subject to the reductions in the face amount of the Letter of Credit set forth below, the Letter of Credit shall provide that it shall be deemed automatically renewed, without amendment, for consecutive periods of one year each thereafter during the Term through the date that is at least 60 days after the Expiration Date, unless the issuing bank sends notice ("Non-Renewal Notice") to Assignee by certified mail not less than 45 days next preceding the then expiration date of the letter of credit stating that the issuing bank has elected not renew the letter of credit. Assignee shall have the right, upon receipt of the Non-Renewal Notice, to draw the full amount of the letter of credit, by sight draft on the issuing bank, and shall thereafter hold or apply the cash proceeds of the letter of credit as permitted by this Assignment. 7 b. Notwithstanding the above, the Letter of Credit shall provide that it shall automatically be reduced by the amount of $125,000.00 on each annual anniversary of the execution of this Assignment, or if no automatic reduction provision is contained in the Letter of Credit, the Letter of Credit may be replaced by a new Letter of Credit for such reduced amount or an amendment to the existing Letter of Credit reducing the face amount thereof. Upon delivery to Landlord of a replacement Letter of Credit in such reduced face amount, but meeting all of the other requirements set forth above, the then existing Letter of Credit will be returned to Tenant. c. Assignor shall annually make available for Assignee's inspection such financial statements and information as reasonably required by Assignee in order for Assignee to determine Assignor's ability to perform Assignor's obligations hereunder. d. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if within 30 days of the date of this Assignment Assignor fails to deliver the Letter of Credit, then Assignee may terminate this Assignment with written notice to Assignor. 16. In the event that Landlord seeks reimbursement (from either Assignee or Assignor) for the costs and expenses incurred by Landlord in connection with this Assignment, Assignor and Assignee hereby agree to equally (i.e. 50/50) split responsibility for such costs and expenses. 17. This Assignment may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The parties hereto may execute and deliver this Assignment by forwarding facsimile, telefax, or other means of copies of this Assignment showing execution by the parties sending the same, and the parties agree and intend that such signature shall have the same effect as an original signature, that the parties shall be bound by such means of execution and delivery, and that the parties hereby waive any defense to validity based on any such copies or signatures. 18. This Assignment shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. [The remainder of this page intentionally left blank] 8 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this document effective as of the date and year first above written. ASSIGNOR: McCARTER & ENGLISH, LLP By: /s/Andrew T. Berry ------------------------------------ Name: Andrew T. Berry Title: Chairman, Executive Committee ASSIGNEE: GREENHILL & CO., LLC By: /s/Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. ------------------------------------ Name: Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. Title: Chief Financial Officer 9 EXHIBIT A [LEASE] 10
Exhibit 10.14 SUBLEASE AGREEMENT THIS SUBLEASE AGREEMENT ("Agreement"), dated as of the date below and effective as of January 1, 2004, is entered into by Greenhill Aviation Co., LLC, a New York limited liability company, with offices located at Westchester County Airport, 16 Hangar Road, White Plains, New York 10604 ("Permittee"), and Riversville Aircraft Corporation, a New York corporation ("Tenant"): BACKGROUND Pursuant to that certain Hangar and Office/Shop Use Permit dated as of June 25, 2003 ("Permit") between Signature Flight Support Corporation ("Signature") and Permittee, Signature has authorized Permittee to use and occupy hangar space of approximately 7,100 square feet in Signature's C-2 hangar storage facility (the "Permitted Space"). Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meaning attributable to them in the Permit. Tenant desires to sublease 2,521 square feet of the Permitted Space (the "Sublease Space") to be used and occupied by Tenant for the storage of its Pilatus aircraft, registration number N922RG. Permittee desires to sublease the Sublease Space to Tenant, subject to the Permit. The parties agree as follows: 1. Lease of Sublease Space. Subject to the Permit, Permittee hereby subleases to Tenant the Sublease Space. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, Tenant accepts the Sublease Space "AS IS, WHERE IS AND WITH ALL FAULTS." 2. Permitted Use. Tenant may use the Sublease Space for any other use permitted under the Permit and applicable law. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Permit. Tenant agrees to comply with all applicable governmental laws, rules, statutes and regulations, relating to its use of the Sublease Space. 3. Term. A. The term of this Agreement shall commence on the date herein below written, and shall terminate on June 30, 2006 (the "Term"), provided that Permittee and Tenant may terminate this Agreement upon 30 days prior written notice to the other party. B. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, Tenant hereby acknowledges and agrees that it shall not have the right to possession of the Sublease Space beyond the term of the Permit, and this Agreement shall immediately terminate upon the termination or cancellation of the Permit. If Tenant remains in possession of the Sublease Space after the termination or expiration of this Agreement, then Tenant will be deemed to be occupying the Sublease Space on a month-to-month basis as a holdover tenant, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Permit (including holdover rent). 4. Rent; Additional Rent. A. Commencing on the date of this Agreement (the Commencement Date"), Tenant will pay the Permittee, on or before the first (1st) day of each calendar month in advance, to Permittee, at the address set forth above, the amount of three thousand nine hundred dollars ($3,900). B. Commencing on the Commencement Date, Tenant will be responsible to pay, as additional rent, any and all expenses and costs arising out of Tenant's use of the Sublease Space. 5. Approvals. Tenant, at Tenant's sole cost and expense, shall obtain and maintain during the entire Term of the Permit all governmental licenses, permits, approvals or other relief required of or deemed necessary by Tenant for its use of the Sublease Space, including without limitation applications for zoning variances, zoning ordinances, amendments, special use permits, and construction permits (collectively referred to as "Governmental Approvals"). Permittee agrees to reasonably assist Tenant with such applications at no cost to Permittee or Signature. 6. Indemnification and Insurance. A. Tenant agrees to indemnify, defend and hold Permittee harmless from and against any injury, loss, damage or liability (or any claims in respect of the foregoing), costs or expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and court costs) arising directly from the installation, use, maintenance or repair of the Sublease Space or the breach of any provision of this Agreement, except to the extent attributable to the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Permittee, its employees or agents. B. Tenant shall comply with all insurance requirements set forth in the Permit. Tenant shall name Permittee and Signature as additional insureds on all insurance policies required under the Permit. 7. Warranties. A. Tenant and Permittee each acknowledge and represent that it is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing and has the right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and bind itself hereto through the party set forth as signatory for the party below. B. Permittee represents and warrants that as long as Tenant is not in default, then Permittee grants to Tenant sole, actual, quiet and peaceful use, enjoyment and possession of the Sublease Space. 8. Environmental. A. Tenant will be responsible for compliance with any and all environmental and industrial hygiene laws, including any regulations, guidelines, standards, or policies of any governmental authorities regulating or imposing standards of liability or standards of conduct with regard to any environmental or industrial hygiene condition or matters as -2- may now or at any time hereafter be in effect, that are now or were related to Tenant's activity conducted in, or on, the Sublease Space. B. Tenant agrees to hold harmless and indemnify Permittee and Signature from and to assume all duties, responsibilities, and liabilities at its sole cost and expense, for all duties, responsibilities and liability (for payment of penalties, sanctions, forfeitures, losses, costs, or damages), and for responding to any action, notice, claim, order, summons, citation, directive, litigation, investigation or proceeding which is related to Environmental Damages, as defined in Section 10b of the Permit, that arise directly or indirectly in connection with the presence, suspected presence, relapse or suspected or threatened release of any Hazardous and Regulated Substances arising from or caused by Tenant's use of the Hangar. C. To Permittee's current actual knowledge, neither Permittee nor any third party has generated, disposed of, released, nor found any hazardous materials on or about the Sublease Space in violation of any environmental laws. It is understood by Tenant, however, that Permittee has not made any independent investigations to confirm the accuracy of the foregoing representation. 9. Tenant shall have access to the Sublease Space under the same terms and conditions set forth in the Permit. 10. Removal. All personal property brought onto the Sublease Space by Tenant will be and remain Tenant's personal property and, at Tenant's option, may be removed by Tenant at any time during the Term; provided, that Tenant, at its own cost, repairs any damages. Any alterations or improvements made by Tenant to the Sublease Space shall be removed by Tenant prior to the end of the Term and Tenant will restore the Sublease Space to its original condition. 11. Maintenance; Utilities. A. Tenant will keep and maintain the Sublease Space in good condition, reasonable wear and tear excepted. B. Tenant will be responsible for an annual payment of its proportionate share, equal to thirty percent (30%), of any maintenance or utilities charged to Permittee. 12. Default and Right to Cure. A. The following will be deemed a default by Tenant and a breach of this Agreement: (i) nonpayment of Rent if such rents remain unpaid for more than ten (10) days after the first day of each month; or (ii) Tenant's failure to perform any other term or condition under this Agreement or under the Permit within thirty (30) days after receipt of written notice from Permittee or Signature specifying the failure. If Tenant remains in default beyond any applicable cure period, Permittee will have the right to exercise any and all rights and remedies available to it under law and equity, including the right to cure Tenant's default and to deduct the costs of cure from any moneys owed to Permittee by Tenant. -3- B. The following will be deemed a default by Permittee and a breach of this Agreement. Permittee's failure to perform any term or condition under this Agreement within forty-five (45) days after receipt of written notice from Tenant specifying the failure. No such failure, however, will be deemed to exist if Permittee has commenced to cure the default within such period and provided such efforts are prosecuted to completion with reasonable diligence. Delay in curing a default will be excused if due to causes beyond the reasonable control of Permittee. If Permittee remains in default beyond any applicable cure period, Tenant will have the right to exercise any and all rights available to it under law and equity. 13. Assignment/Sublease. Tenant may not assign or sublease this Agreement, in whole or in part, without Permittee's and Signature's consent, which may be withheld in each such parties sole discretion. 14. Notices. All notices, requests, demands and communications hereunder will be given by first class certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, or by a recognized overnight courier, postage prepaid, to be effective when properly sent and received, refused or returned undelivered. Notice will be addressed to the following: Tenant: Riversville Aircraft Corporation Permittee: Greenhill Aviation Co., LLC 16 Hangar Road Westchester County Airport White Plains, New York Attn: Mike Telow and Hal Rodriguez 300 Park Avenue, 23rd Floor New York, New York 10022 with a copy to: Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP 4520 Main Street, Suite 1100 Kansas City, Missouri 64111 Attn: Kelly Sullivan-Deady, Esq. Signature: Signature Flight Support Corporation Westchester County Airport White Plains, New York 10604 Attn: General Manager and Signature Flight Support Corporation 201 South Orange Avenue, Suite 1100 Orlando, Florida 32801 Attn: Contracts -4-Either party hereto may change the place for the giving of notice to it by thirty (30) days' written notice to the other party as provided herein. 15. Severability. If any term or condition of this Agreement is found unenforceable, the remaining terms and conditions will remain binding upon the parties as though said unenforceable provision were not contained herein. However, if the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision materially affects this Agreement, then the Agreement may be terminated by either party on ten (10) days' prior written notice to the other party hereto. 16. Permit Terms. A. This Agreement is subject to and Tenant accepts this Agreement subject to all of the terms, covenants, provisions, conditions and agreements contained in the Permit. This Agreement shall also be subject to and Tenant accepts this Agreement also subject to any amendments and supplements to the Permit hereafter made. B. This Agreement expressly incorporates by reference, as if set forth in full in this Agreement, all of the terms, covenants and conditions of the Permit, unless clearly inapplicable. C. In the event of and upon the termination or cancellation of the Permit by Permittee or Signature pursuant to the terms and provisions thereof, this Agreement shall automatically cease and terminate. In such event Tenant shall have no claims whatsoever against Permittee or Signature. D. The terms, conditions and obligations imposed upon Tenant hereunder shall be deemed supplementary to all terms, conditions, and obligations of the Permit, which Tenant has assumed hereunder. In the event of any inconsistency between this Agreement and the Permit, this Agreement shall be construed so as to impose on Tenant the obligations of Permittee under the Permit, unless such obligation has been expressly altered by the provisions of this Agreement. 17. Miscellaneous. A. Amendment; Waiver. This Agreement cannot be amended, modified or revised unless done in writing and signed by an authorized agent of the Permittee and an authorized agent of the Tenant, with the consent of Signature. No provision may be waived except in a writing signed by both parties. B. Bind and Benefit. The terms and conditions contained in this Agreement will be binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the parties, their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns. C. Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the exhibits attached hereto, all being a part hereof, constitute the entire agreement of the parties hereto and will supersede all prior offers, negotiations and agreements. -5- D. Governing Law. This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the state in which the Sublease Space are located, without regard to conflicts of law. E. Interpretation. Unless otherwise specified, the following rules of construction and interpretation apply: (i) captions are for convenience and reference only and in no way define or limit the construction of the terms and conditions hereof; (ii) use of the term "including" will be interpreted to mean "including but not limited to"; (iii) whenever a party's consent is required under this Agreement, except as otherwise stated in the Agreement or as same may be duplicative, such consent will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed; (iv) exhibits are an integral part of the Agreement and are incorporated by reference into this Agreement; (v) use of the terms "termination" or "expiration" are interchangeable, and (vi) reference to a default will take into consideration any applicable notice, grace and cure periods. -6- IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Agreement to be executed this ______ day of April, 2004. PERMITTEE: GREENHILL AVIATION CO., LLC By: ---------------------------------- Name: -------------------------------- Title: ------------------------------- TENANT: RIVERSVILLE AIRCRAFT CORPORATION By: ---------------------------------- Name: -------------------------------- Title: ------------------------------- -7-
Exhibit 10.15 THE LIMITED PARTNER INTERESTS EVIDENCED BY THIS AGREEMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OR FOREIGN JURISDICTION AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED WITHOUT COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE FEDERAL, STATE OR FOREIGN SECURITIES LAWS. IN ADDITION, TRANSFER OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THE LIMITED PARTNER INTERESTS IS RESTRICTED AS PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT. Agreement of Limited Partnership of GCP, L.P. dated as of June 29, 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS ---------- PAGE ---- ARTICLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 1.01. Definitions....................................................2 SECTION 1.02. Formation; Conversion..........................................2 SECTION 1.03. Name of the Partnership........................................2 SECTION 1.04. Purposes of the Partnership and Powers.........................2 SECTION 1.05. Office; Registered Agent.......................................2 SECTION 1.06. Title to Partnership Property..................................3 SECTION 1.07. Filing of Certificates.........................................3 SECTION 1.08. Admission of Limited Partners..................................3 SECTION 1.09. Subsequent Admission of Individual Limited Partners............4 ARTICLE 2 GOVERNANCE; MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF THE PARTNERSHIP SECTION 2.01. Management of the Partnership..................................5 SECTION 2.02. Powers of the General Partner..................................5 SECTION 2.03. Advisory Committee.............................................7 SECTION 2.04. Transactions with Affiliates...................................7 SECTION 2.05. Other Activities...............................................8 SECTION 2.06. Books and Records; Accounting Method; Fiscal Year..............8 SECTION 2.07. Partnership for Tax Purposes; Partnership Tax Returns..........8 SECTION 2.08. Confidentiality...............................................10 SECTION 2.09. Investment of Funds...........................................11 SECTION 2.10. Other Authority...............................................11 ARTICLE 3 CARRIED INTEREST POINTS; CERTAIN OTHER MATTERS SECTION 3.01. General Provisions............................................11 SECTION 3.02. Assignment of Carried Interest Points.........................12 SECTION 3.03. Pro Rata Dilution.............................................13 SECTION 3.04. No Right to Awards or Continued Employment....................13 SECTION 3.05. Effect of Termination of Employment...........................14 SECTION 3.06. Other Provisions Relating to Special Limited Partners.........16 SECTION 3.07. Assignment of Points to General Partner.......................17 ARTICLE 4 EXPENSES SECTION 4.01. Definition of Expenses........................................17 SECTION 4.02. Responsibility for Partnership Expenses among the Partners....17 PAGE ---- ARTICLE 5 CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CLAWBACK OBLIGATIONS SECTION 5.01. Capital Contributions.........................................18 SECTION 5.02. Payment of Capital Contributions..............................18 ARTICLE 6 CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; ALLOCATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS SECTION 6.01. Principles of Distributions Attributable to Invested Capital....................................................19 SECTION 6.02. Principles of Distributions Attributable to Carried Interest...................................................19 SECTION 6.03. Other Provisions Relating to Distributions....................20 SECTION 6.04. Capital Accounts; Adjustments to Capital Accounts.............21 SECTION 6.05. Tax Allocations...............................................22 SECTION 6.06. Foreign Currency Considerations...............................23 SECTION 6.07. Segregated Accounts; Netting of Carried Interest Shares; Distributions from Segregated Accounts.....................23 SECTION 6.08. Loans and Withdrawal of Amounts Allocated to Capital Accounts...................................................25 SECTION 6.09. Repayment of Certain Distributions............................25 ARTICLE 7 REPORTS TO INDIVIDUAL LIMITED PARTNERS SECTION 7.01. Reports.......................................................25 ARTICLE 8 EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION SECTION 8.01. Exculpation and Indemnification...............................26 ARTICLE 9 DURATION AND DISSOLUTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP SECTION 9.01. Duration......................................................28 SECTION 9.02. Dissolution...................................................28 SECTION 9.03. Liquidation of Partnership....................................29 SECTION 9.04. Distribution upon Dissolution of the Partnership..............29 SECTION 9.05. Resignation of Individual Limited Partners....................30 ARTICLE 10 TRANSFERABILITY OF A LIMITED PARTNER'S INTEREST SECTION 10.01. Restrictions on Transfer of Limited Partner Interests.........30 SECTION 10.02. Expenses of Transfer; Indemnification.........................31 SECTION 10.03. Recognition of Transfer; Substituted Partners.................31 ii ARTICLE 11 TRANSFERABILITY OF GENERAL PARTNER'S INTEREST SECTION 11.01. Transferability of General Partner's Interest.................32 ARTICLE 12 MISCELLANEOUS SECTION 12.01. Entire Agreement; Amendments; Waivers; Termination............33 SECTION 12.02. Mergers and Consolidations....................................34 SECTION 12.03. Investment Representation.....................................34 SECTION 12.04. Successors; Counterparts......................................34 SECTION 12.05. Governing Law; Severability...................................34 SECTION 12.06. Further Assurance.............................................34 SECTION 12.07. Filings.......................................................35 SECTION 12.08. Power of Attorney.............................................35 SECTION 12.09. No Bill for Partnership Accounting............................35 SECTION 12.10. Goodwill......................................................36 SECTION 12.11. Notices.......................................................36 SECTION 12.12. Arbitration...................................................36 SECTION 12.13. Withholding...................................................37 SECTION 12.14. Headings......................................................37 ARTICLE 13 CLAWBACK OBLIGATIONS SECTION 13.01. General Partner Clawback......................................37 SECTION 13.02. Guaranty......................................................38 Appendix A Definitions..................................................A-1 Schedule I Initial Allocation of Carried Interest Points................S-1 Schedule II Form of Award of Carried Interest Points.....................S-2 Schedule III Capital Commitments..........................................S-3 AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF GCP, L.P. (a limited partnership formed under the laws of the State of Delaware) This AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF GCP, L.P. dated and effective as of June 29, 2000 is entered into by and among GCP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as the general partner, Greenhill & Co., LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as a limited partner, the Individual Limited Partners party hereto and such other persons who are admitted as Individual Limited Partners from time to time in accordance with this Agreement, each in the capacity as a Partner. WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Greenhill Capital Partners, LLC (the "Company"), was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on February 17, 2000 by Robert F. Greenhill, Robert H. Niehaus and Scott L. Bok (each a "Member" and collectively the "Members"); WHEREAS, on the date hereof, by written consent, the Members approved the conversion of the Company to a Delaware limited partnership and approved this Agreement; WHEREAS, on the date hereof, the Company was converted to a Delaware limited partnership pursuant to Section 18-216 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (6 Del. C. Section 18-101 et seq.), as amended from time to time, and Section 17-217 of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (6 Del. C. Section 17-101 et seq.), as amended from time to time (the "Delaware Act"), by causing the filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware of a Certificate of Conversion to Limited Partnership and a Certificate of Limited Partnership (the "Conversion"); and WHEREAS, upon the effectiveness of the Conversion, GCP, LLC shall become the sole general partner of the Partnership and Greenhill and the Individual Limited Partners shall become the limited partners of the Partnership. NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows: ARTICLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 1.01. Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein without definition have the meanings assigned to them in Appendix A hereto. SECTION 1.02. Formation; Conversion. Effective as of the time of the Conversion, (i) the limited liability company agreement of the Company, as amended, is replaced and superseded in its entirety by this Agreement in respect of all periods beginning on or after the Conversion, (ii) GCP, LLC is automatically admitted to the Partnership as the sole general partner of the Partnership, (iii) Greenhill and the Individual Limited Partners are automatically admitted to the Partnership as limited partners of the Partnership, and (iv) the Partners are continuing the business of the Company without dissolution in the form of a Delaware limited partnership governed by this Agreement. In accordance with Section 17-217(g) of the Delaware Act, the Partnership shall constitute a continuation of the existence of the Company in the form of a Delaware limited partnership and, for all purposes of the laws of the State of Delaware, shall be deemed to be the same entity as the Company. SECTION 1.03. Name of the Partnership. The name of the Partnership is GCP, L.P. The business of the Partnership shall be conducted under such name or such other names (upon notice to all the Limited Partners) as the General Partner may from time to time determine. SECTION 1.04. Purposes of the Partnership and Powers. The Partnership is formed for the object and purpose of, and the nature of the business to be conducted and promoted by the Partnership, is engaging in any lawful act or activity for which limited partnerships may be formed under the Delaware Act and engaging in any and all activities necessary or incidental to the foregoing. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the purpose of the Partnership is also to act as the general partner of Greenhill Capital Partners, L.P., Greenhill Capital Partners (Cayman), L.P., Greenhill Capital Partners (Executives), L.P., and Greenhill Capital, L.P. (the "Funds"). In furtherance of its purposes, (a) the Partnership shall have and may exercise all of the powers now or hereafter conferred by Delaware law on limited partnerships formed under the Delaware Act, including without limitation, all of the powers that may be exercised on behalf of the Partnership by any of its Partners, and (b) the Partnership shall have the power to do any and all acts necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable, incidental or convenient to or for the protection and benefit of the Partnership. SECTION 1.05. Office; Registered Agent. (a) The Partnership's registered agent and office in the State of Delaware shall be The Corporation Trust Company, Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19801. 2 (b) The business address of the Partnership shall be 31 West 52nd Street, New York, New York 10019, or (upon notice to all the Limited Partners) such other address as may be designated by the General Partner. SECTION 1.06. Title to Partnership Property. (a) All property of the Partnership, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible, shall be owned by the Partnership as an entity, and no Partner, individually, shall have any direct ownership interest in such property. Title to all such property shall be held in the name of the Partnership and all securities shall be registered in the name of the Partnership. (b) The Partnership shall, subject to the terms of this Agreement, be the exclusive beneficial holder of all securities and other property acquired in connection with any investment made by the Partnership and of any property transferred to the Partnership, and the Partnership shall make any such filings as may be required or desirable in connection therewith. (c) Any and all rights, including, without limitation, voting rights, rights to consent to, object to or grant waivers with respect to partnership, limited partnership and corporate action, rights to sell, transfer or encumber any securities or other property held by the Partnership and any rights arising out of or relating to any documents the Partnership is party to, including the right to consent to or object to any proposed amendment or modification thereof or waiver thereunder, shall be vested exclusively in the Partnership and shall be exercised only by the Partnership and no Partner either alone or acting with one or more other Partners shall have any such rights with respect to such securities or property. SECTION 1.07. Filing of Certificates. The General Partner is hereby authorized to execute, deliver and file, or to cause the execution, delivery and filing of, all certificates (and all amendments and/or restatements thereof) required or permitted by the Delaware Act to be filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and any other certificates, notices, statements or other instruments (and any amendments or restatements thereof) necessary or advisable for the formation of the Partnership or the operation of the Partnership in all jurisdictions where the Partnership may elect to do business. SECTION 1.08. Admission of Limited Partners. Greenhill and each of the Individual Limited Partners whose names appear on Schedule I shall be admitted to the Partnership on the date hereof as a Limited Partner (and shall be shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership) upon the execution and delivery by (or, pursuant to a power-of-attorney, on behalf of) such Limited Partner and the General Partner of counterparts of this Agreement. Upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement, GCP, LLC shall be admitted to the Partnership as a general partner of the Partnership. 3 SECTION 1.09. Subsequent Admission of Individual Limited Partners. (a) At any time, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to admit additional Persons as Individual Limited Partners; provided that no Person may be admitted to the Partnership if, as a result of such admission, the Partnership or any of the Funds would not be exempt from the provisions of the Investment Company Act. Such Person shall become an Individual Limited Partner (and shall be shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership) upon execution and delivery by (or, pursuant to a power-of-attorney, on behalf of) such Person and the General Partner of counterparts of this Agreement. The admission of any additional Individual Limited Partner to the Partnership pursuant to this Section 1.09 shall not require the approval of any Individual Limited Partner existing immediately prior to such admission. (b) The Individual Limited Partners shall share in distributions or items of income or gain of the Partnership attributable to any Fund Investment made prior to the date such Person becomes an Individual Limited Partner to the extent set forth in Articles 3 and 6. (c) No additional Individual Limited Partner shall be admitted to the Partnership if the admission of such Individual Limited Partner would, in the judgment of the General Partner (i) jeopardize the status of the Partnership as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes, (ii) cause a dissolution of the Partnership under the Delaware Act, (iii) cause the Partnership's assets to be deemed "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, (iv) cause the Partnership to be an "investment company" within the meaning of the Investment Company Act (except for purposes of Section 12(d)(1) thereunder), (v) cause the Partnership to be in violation of the Advisers Act, or (vi) violate, or cause the Partnership to violate, any applicable law or regulation, including any applicable federal or state securities laws. (d) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, each Partner hereby approves of any amendment of this Agreement and of the Certificate of Limited Partnership necessary to effect the admission of any Person as a Partner pursuant to Section 1.08 or this Section 1.09 or Article 10. Any amendment to this Agreement permitted under this paragraph (d) may be executed by the General Partner on behalf of each other Partner pursuant to the Power of Attorney given by each other Partner to the General Partner pursuant to Section 12.08. 4 ARTICLE 2 GOVERNANCE; MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF THE PARTNERSHIP SECTION 2.01. Management of the Partnership. The business and affairs of the Partnership shall be managed by and under the direction of the General Partner. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the General Partner shall have complete and exclusive discretion in the management and control of the affairs and business of the Partnership, and shall possess all powers necessary, convenient or appropriate to carrying out the purposes and business of the Partnership and to perform all acts and enter into and perform all contracts and other undertakings that it may deem necessary or advisable or incidental thereto, including doing all things and taking all actions necessary to carry out the terms and provisions of this Agreement (and is hereby authorized and directed, on behalf of the Partnership, to do all such things and to take all such actions without any further act, vote, consent or approval of any Partner). Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the General Partner may delegate such general or specific authority to officers, Partners, employees or agents of the Partnership as the General Partner considers desirable from time to time, and such officers, Partners, employees or agents of the Partnership may, subject to any restraints or limitations imposed by the General Partner, exercise the authority granted to them. SECTION 2.02. Powers of the General Partner. Without limiting the generality of the authority of the General Partner set forth in Section 2.01, the General Partner hereby is authorized and empowered in the name and on behalf of the Partnership and to the extent applicable and permitted under this Agreement and the Fund Partnership Agreements: (a) to serve as the general partner of the Funds; (b) to acquire and hold the Partnership's general partner interest in the Funds, and to sell, transfer, exchange, or otherwise dispose of such interests, and otherwise to exercise all rights, powers, privileges, options and other incidents of ownership or possession with respect to such interests or any other assets or property held or owned by the Partnership or the Funds; (c) to employ attorneys and accountants of the Partnership, which attorneys and accountants may also serve as counsel and auditors to the Funds or any of their respective Affiliates; (d) to deposit the funds of the Partnership in the Partnership name in any bank or trust company and to entrust to any such bank or trust company any of the securities, monies, documents and papers belonging to or relating to the Partnership, or to deposit in and entrust to any brokerage firm that is a member of any national securities exchange any of said funds, securities, monies, documents and papers; 5 (e) to set aside funds for reasonable reserves, reasonably anticipated contingencies and reasonable working capital in the Partnership and the Funds; (f) to make such elections under the Code and other relevant tax laws as to the treatment of items of Partnership income, gain, loss and deduction, and as to all other relevant matters, as the General Partner deems necessary, appropriate or advisable, including elections referred to in Section 754 of the Code, and a determination of which items of cash outlay are to be capitalized or treated as current expenses; (g) to sue, prosecute, settle or compromise all claims against third parties, to compromise, settle or accept judgment in respect of claims against the Partnership and to execute all documents and make all representations, admissions and waivers in connection therewith; (h) to enter into, make and perform all contracts, agreements, instruments and other undertakings as the General Partner may determine to be necessary, advisable or incidental to carrying out of the objects and purposes of the Partnership; (i) to cause the execution and delivery of such documents and performance of such acts consistent with the terms of this Agreement as may be necessary to comply with the requirements of law for the formation, qualification and operation of a limited partnership under the laws of each jurisdiction in which the General Partner determines it is necessary or advisable for the Partnership to conduct business; and (j) to do and perform everything that may be necessary, advisable, suitable or proper for the conduct of the Partnership's business for the carrying out of the purposes and objects hereinbefore enumerated, including the delegation to any Person or Persons of such functions and authorities as the General Partner may determine. Any Person not a party to this Agreement dealing with the Partnership shall be entitled to rely conclusively upon the power and authority of the General Partner to bind the Partnership in all respects, and to authorize the execution of any and all agreements, instruments and other writings on behalf of and in the name of the Partnership as and to the extent set forth in this Agreement. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Partnership, and the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership, may execute, deliver and perform the Fund Partnership Agreements, subscription agreements with the limited partners of the Funds, the Management Agreement among Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC and each Fund, any agreements to induce a Person to purchase interests in the Funds, and any amendments to such documents, all without any further act, vote or approval of any Partner or other Person. The General Partner is hereby authorized to enter into and perform on behalf of the Partnership the documents described in the immediately preceding sentence, but such authorization shall not be deemed a restriction on the power 6 of the General Partner to enter into other documents on behalf of the Partnership (subject to any other restrictions expressly set forth in this Agreement). SECTION 2.03. Advisory Committee. (a) The Partnership shall have an Advisory Committee consisting of all the Limited Partners. The General Partner will meet regularly with the Advisory Committee to evaluate and discuss potential investments and to review the performance of existing investments of the Funds. Any actions taken by the Advisory Committee shall be advisory only and the General Partner shall not be required or otherwise bound to act in accordance with any such actions. (b) Each Limited Partner agrees, in consideration for sharing in the Carried Interest Points hereunder, to participate in meetings of the Advisory Committee and, in connection with its role on the Advisory Committee, to provide the Partnership with the benefit of his knowledge and judgment in the decision-making process with respect to the acquisition and disposition of Investments by the Funds. (c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the members of the Advisory Committee shall not be deemed to be participating in the control of the business of the Partnership within the meaning of the Delaware Act as a result of any actions taken by the Advisory Committee or any member of the Advisory Committee. (d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, in no event shall a member of the Advisory Committee be considered a general partner of the Partnership by agreement, estoppel, as a result of the performance of its duties, or otherwise. SECTION 2.04. Transactions with Affiliates. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Partnership is hereby authorized to purchase property, securities, options or other assets from, sell property, securities, options or other assets to, borrow funds from, or otherwise deal with, Greenhill (acting other than in its capacity as a Limited Partner), any Affiliate of Greenhill, any Person in which a Fund Investment has been or is proposed to be made, any Person having an interest in such Fund Investment (or any underlying assets) or any Affiliate of any such Persons; provided that (i) any such dealing (A) shall be on terms no less favorable to the Partnership than would be available from unaffiliated Persons and (B) shall not otherwise be in violation of this Agreement. In connection with any services performed by any Affiliate of Greenhill for the Partnership, such Affiliate shall be entitled to be compensated by the Partnership for such services to the extent such compensation is a Partnership Expense, and the amount of such compensation shall be determined by the General Partner in its discretion; provided that such compensation at any time shall not exceed the amount such Affiliate would customarily receive from third parties as compensation at such time for the performance of similar services. Each Individual Limited Partner acknowledges and agrees that the purchase or sale of property or other assets, the performance of services, other dealings or the receipt of compensation may give rise to conflicts of interest between the Partnership 7 and the Individual Limited Partners, on the one hand, and Greenhill or any Affiliate of Greenhill, on the other hand. SECTION 2.05. Other Activities. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to prohibit or otherwise limit any Partner (or Affiliate thereof) from entering into transactions with the Partnership, making investments in Persons or assets in which Fund Investments have been or are proposed to be made, in Persons having an interest in such Fund Investments (or any underlying assets) or in any Affiliates of any such Persons or providing financing to any such Person. SECTION 2.06. Books and Records; Accounting Method; Fiscal Year. (a) The Partnership shall keep or cause to be kept at the address of the Partnership (or at such other place as shall be notified to the Limited Partners in writing) full and accurate books and records of the Partnership. Each Limited Partner shall be shown as a Limited Partner on such books and records. Subject to Sections 2.06(b) and 3.06, such books and records shall be available, upon 10 Business Days' notice to the General Partner, for inspection at the offices of the Partnership at reasonable times during business hours on any Business Day by each Limited Partner or his duly authorized agents or representatives for a purpose reasonably related to such Individual Limited Partner's interest as a Limited Partner. (b) Each Individual Limited Partner agrees that (i) the books and records of the Partnership contain confidential information relating to the Partnership and its affairs and (ii) except for information otherwise required to be provided or made available to Individual Limited Partners pursuant to this Agreement, the General Partner may, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, keep confidential from the Individual Limited Partners any information (excluding any financial statements of the Partnership and underlying documentation supporting such financial statements) the disclosure of which the General Partner reasonably believes is adverse to the interests of the Partnership (including information relating to any Fund Investment or underlying assets or any Person that is, directly or indirectly, the subject of any Fund Investment) or which the Partnership, Greenhill or the General Partner is required by law, agreement or otherwise to keep confidential. (c) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Partnership's books of account shall be kept on the same basis followed by the Partnership for federal income tax purposes. SECTION 2.07. Partnership for Tax Purposes; Partnership Tax Returns. (a) The Partners agree that it is their intention that the Partnership shall be treated as a partnership for purposes of United States federal, state and local income tax laws, and further agree not to take any position or make any election, in a tax return or otherwise, inconsistent therewith. In furtherance of the foregoing, the Partnership will file an information return as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes. If a change in applicable 8 law (including a revenue ruling, revenue procedure or other administrative pronouncement) would cause the Partnership not to be treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes, the Partners shall endeavor in good faith to reach an agreement on restructuring the Partnership so that it will be so treated (which may, subject to the following proviso, entail a merger of the Partnership into an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes); provided that no Limited Partner shall be required to agree to any restructuring that it reasonably determines would have an adverse effect on the assets, properties, business or condition, or otherwise would be adverse to the interests of or cause the incurrence of any material expenditure by, such Limited Partner or any Affiliate of such Limited Partner. (b) The General Partner shall cause to be prepared and timely filed all tax returns required to be filed for the Partnership. Subject to paragraph (a) above, the General Partner may, in its discretion, make, or refrain from making, any federal, state or local income or other tax elections for the Partnership that it deems necessary or advisable, including an election pursuant to Code Section 754. (c) The General Partner is hereby designated as the Partnership's "Tax Matters Partner" under Code Section 6231(a)(7). The Tax Matters Partner is specifically directed and authorized to take whatever steps the General Partner, in its discretion, deems necessary or desirable to perfect such designation, including filing any forms or documents with the Internal Revenue Service and taking such other action as may from time to time be required under Treasury regulations. Expenses incurred by the Tax Matters Partner, in its capacity as such, will be Partnership Expenses. Any Limited Partner shall have the right to participate in any administrative proceedings relating to the determination of Partnership items at the Partnership level. Each Individual Limited Partner that elects to participate in such proceedings shall be responsible for any expenses incurred by such Individual Limited Partner in connection with such participation. Further, an Individual Limited Partner shall notify the Tax Matters Partner in a timely manner of its intention to: (i) file a notice of inconsistent treatment under Code Section 6222(b); (ii) file a request for administrative adjustment of Partnership items; (iii) file a petition with respect to any Partnership item or other tax matters involving the Partnership; or (iv) enter into a settlement agreement with the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to any Partnership items. Upon any such notification, the Tax Matters Partner may, if it agrees with the Individual Limited Partner's position, elect (at its discretion) to make such filing or enter into such agreement, as applicable and practicable, on behalf of the Partnership. The expenses in connection with any resulting audits or adjustments of an Individual Limited Partner's tax return shall be borne solely by the affected Individual Limited Partner. (d) The General Partner may, in its discretion, take appropriate steps on behalf of the Partnership that it deems necessary or advisable to comply with the laws of non-U.S. jurisdictions. 9 SECTION 2.08. Confidentiality. (a) Each Individual Limited Partner agrees to keep confidential, and not to make any use of (other than for purposes reasonably related to his interest in the Partnership or for purposes of filing such Individual Limited Partner's tax returns or for other routine matters required by law) nor to disclose to any Person (other than to appropriate employees of Greenhill or its Affiliates associated with the business of the Partnership), any Proprietary Information or any other information or matter relating to the Partnership or any Fund and its respective affairs or to any Partnership or Fund Investment (other than disclosure to employees, agents, advisors, or representatives of the Partnership responsible for matters relating to the Partnership (each such Person being hereinafter referred to as an "Authorized Representative")); provided that such Individual Limited Partner and such Authorized Representatives may make such disclosure to the extent that (i) the information being disclosed is publicly known at the time of proposed disclosure by such Individual Limited Partner or Authorized Representative, (ii) the information subsequently becomes publicly known through no act or omission of such Individual Limited Partner or Authorized Representative, (iii)such disclosure, in the written opinion of legal counsel of such Individual Limited Partner reasonably acceptable to the General Partner, is required by law or regulation or by any regulatory authority or self-regulatory organization having jurisdiction over such Individual Limited Partner or (iv) such disclosure is approved in advance by the General Partner. Prior to making any disclosure required by law, regulation, regulatory authority or self-regulatory organization, each Individual Limited Partner shall notify the General Partner of such disclosure and deliver to the General Partner the opinion referred to above. Prior to any disclosure to any Authorized Representative, each Individual Limited Partner shall advise such Authorized Representative of the obligations set forth in this Section 2.08(a) and obtain the agreement of such Person to be bound by the terms of such obligation. (b) The obligations of each Individual Limited Partner under this Section 2.08 shall survive for a period of five years after the date such Individual Limited Partner ceases to be a Limited Partner. If the Partnership is dissolved, the obligation of each Individual Limited Partner under this Section 2.08 who is an Individual Limited Partner at the time of such dissolution shall survive for a period of five years thereafter. (c) Each party acknowledges and agrees that the covenants contained in this Section 2.08 have been negotiated in good faith by the parties hereto, are reasonable and are not more restrictive or broader than are necessary to protect the interests of the Limited Partners and the Partnership, and would not achieve their intended purpose if they were on different terms or for periods of time shorter than the periods of time provided herein. Each party further acknowledges and agrees that the business of the Partnership and the Funds is highly competitive, that no party hereto would enter into this Agreement but for the covenants contained in this Section 2.08 and that such covenants are essential to protect the value of the business of the Partnership and the Funds. 10 SECTION 2.09. Investment of Funds. Cash held by the Partnership, including all amounts being held by the Partnership for future investment in Fund Investments, payment of expenses or distributions to Limited Partners may be invested in such instruments as the General Partner, or any Person which it has retained to manage such cash, in its discretion deems appropriate. SECTION 2.10. Other Authority. The General Partner agrees to use its best efforts to operate the Partnership in such a way that (i) the Partnership would be exempt from the provisions of the Investment Company Act, (ii) none of the Partnership's assets would be deemed to be "plan assets" for purposes of Section 4975 of the Code or ERISA, (iii) the Partnership would be in compliance with the Advisers Act, and (iv) the Partnership would be in compliance with any other material law, regulation, order or guideline applicable to the Partnership. The General Partner is hereby authorized to take any action it has determined in good faith to be necessary or desirable in order for (i) the Partnership's assets not to be "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, (ii) the Partnership to be exempt from the provisions of the Investment Company Act, (iii) the Partnership not to be in violation of the Advisers Act and (iv) the Partnership not to be in violation of any other material law, regulation, order or guideline applicable to the Partnership, including, in each case, (x) making any structural, operating or other changes in the Partnership by amending this Agreement, (y) requiring the sale in whole or in part of an Individual Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership with respect to or as a result of whom such violation arose, or otherwise causing the withdrawal of such Individual Limited Partner from the Partnership, or (z) dissolving the Partnership. Any action taken by the General Partner pursuant to Section 2.10 shall not require the approval of any Individual Limited Partner. ARTICLE 3 CARRIED INTEREST POINTS; CERTAIN OTHER MATTERS SECTION 3.01. General Provisions. (a) The General Partner shall be solely responsible for making all determinations as to the Carried Interest Points in accordance with this Article 3, at such times and in such amounts as it shall deem advisable. (b) Neither the General Partner nor any of its members shall be liable to the Partnership or the Limited Partners for anything whatsoever in connection with this Agreement except for the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the General Partner or its members. In the performance of their respective functions with respect to this Agreement, the General Partner and its members shall be entitled to rely upon information and advice furnished by officers, accountants or legal counsel of Greenhill or its Affiliates, or by any other party the General Partner or its members deem necessary or appropriate as to matters the General Partner or its members reasonably believe are within such other person's professional or expert competence and who has been selected with 11 reasonable care by or on behalf of the Partnership, and the General Partner and its members shall not be liable to the Partnership or the Limited Partners for any action taken or not taken in good faith reliance upon any such advice. The General Partner may delegate such of its responsibilities hereunder as the General Partner deems appropriate to one or more officers or directors of Greenhill or its Affiliates and in performing such delegated responsibilities, such persons shall have the benefit of all the protections afforded the General Partner and its members under this Agreement. SECTION 3.02 Assignment of Carried Interest Points. (a) On or prior to January 1 of each fiscal year, or as soon as practicable thereafter (the "Annual Allocation Date"), (i) the General Partner shall assign each Partner (including the General Partner) a number (which may include fractional numbers) of carried interest points (the "Carried Interest Points"), and (ii) Greenhill shall be assigned 10 Carried Interest Points, or such other amount as determined by the General Partner (the "Greenhill Points"), in each case for all Fund Investments made by all Funds during the fiscal year commencing on such January 1 (the "Carried Interest Annual Pool"). The aggregate number of Carried Interest Points for any Fund Investment shall be 200, and the amount of the Carried Interest with respect to each Fund Investment for such fiscal year allocated to a Partner shall be calculated by multiplying the Carried Interest by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of points so assigned and the denominator of which shall be 200. Each Carry Participating Partner's share of the Carried Interest for any Fund Investment is referred to herein as his "Carried Interest Share". With respect to each Fund Investment made during the 2000 fiscal year and with respect to Partners who have been admitted as such on the date of this Agreement, the Carried Interest Points shall be set forth in Schedule I to this Agreement with respect to such Partner (the "Allocation Schedule"), which shall be maintained by the General Partner and the Partnership and updated to reflect any changes in the allocation of Carried Interest Points. The General Partner shall advise each Partner of such Partner's Carried Interest Points in effect at any time, and the General Partner may, in its discretion, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, decline to disclose such Carried Interest Points to any other Person. With respect to each Fund Investment made during any fiscal year, the Carried Interest Points (as determined in accordance with this Section 3.02(a) or adjusted in accordance with this Article 3) of each Partner having an interest in such Fund Investment shall be set forth in the Allocation Schedule. Except as otherwise provided in this Article 3, such Carried Interest Points shall not be changed after they are determined in accordance with this Section 3.02(a). (b) The General Partner may award Carried Interest Points to newly admitted Partners and may award additional Carried Interest Points to existing Partners at any time during the course of a fiscal year. In making such award the General Partner may, in its discretion, determine whether the Carried Interest Points assigned to such Person shall be calculated as if such Person was admitted as a Partner on the date such award was determined or any other date or in any other manner that the General Partner in its discretion shall determine is appropriate in light of the circumstances giving rise to such 12 determination. Such awards shall be made either from Reserved Carried Interest Points, from Reallocated Carried Interest Points, from Forfeited Carried Interest Points or through a reallocation of Carried Interest Points as provided in Section 3.03. (c) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the General Partner may, in its discretion, elect to reserve a portion of the Carried Interest Points for allocation at any time during the period ending on January 31 of the fiscal year next succeeding the fiscal year for which an allocation of Carried Interest Points has been made to any Partner (the "Reserved Carried Interest Points"). During any fiscal year, all Reserved Carried Interest Points with respect to the Fund Investments made during such fiscal year shall be initially allocated to Greenhill. From time to time during each fiscal year, the General Partner will assign such Reserved Carried Interest Points to Partners, pursuant to an Assignment of Carried Interest Points as provided in Schedule II (either for an annual basis or an investment by investment basis) and the Allocation Schedule shall be revised accordingly to reflect such award. If the Reserved Carried Interest Points have not been so allocated by January 31 of the next succeeding fiscal year, they shall be allocated pro rata among the Partners based on each Partner's Carried Interest Share in the relevant Fund Investments. (d) If any Carried Interest Points awarded to any Partner are later surrendered or forfeited by such Partner or otherwise reduced in accordance with this Article 3, such surrendered, forfeited or reduced Carried Interest Points shall, unless otherwise determined by the General Partner in its discretion, be reallocated to the other Partners on a pro rata basis in accordance with their Carried Interest Share in the relevant Fund Investments. SECTION 3.03 Pro Rata Dilution. Initially, the Carried Interest Points for the Carried Interest Annual Pool for 2000 will be allocated as set forth in Schedule I. If an additional Partner admitted to the Partnership following the award of Carried Interest Points in any fiscal year or any other Partner receives a Carried Interest Point award which the General Partner determines is not to come from Reserved Carried Interest Points, from Reallocated Carried Interest Points or from Forfeited Carried Interest Points, the number of Carried Interest Points of the Partners will be reduced on a pro rata basis by the number of Carried Interest Points so awarded unless otherwise determined by the General Partner. SECTION 3.04 No Right to Awards or Continued Employment. No Partner shall have any claim or right to receive any award of Carried Interest Points hereunder. Neither this Agreement nor any action taken or omitted to be taken hereunder shall be deemed to create or confer on any Partner any right (i) to be retained in the employ of Greenhill or the Partnership or any Affiliate thereof or (ii) to interfere with or to limit in any way the right of Greenhill or the Partnership or any Affiliate thereof to terminate the employment of such Partner at any time or to transfer his or her employment within Greenhill or the Partnership or any Affiliate thereof to other activities from time to time. 13 SECTION 3.05 Effect of Termination of Employment. (a) An Individual Limited Partner whose employment with the Partnership, the General Partner and Greenhill terminates for any reason shall automatically (without any action being required on the part of the Partnership or any Limited Partner) and immediately become a "Special Limited Partner". Upon becoming a Special Limited Partner, (i) such Individual Limited Partner shall no longer receive any new awards of Carried Interest Points with respect to any Fund Investments and (ii) such Individual Limited Partner's Carried Interest Points theretofore awarded may be reduced, eliminated or forfeited in accordance with this Section 3.05. Upon the complete liquidation of all Fund Investments in which a Special Limited Partner is a participant, such Special Limited Partner (i) shall cease to be a Partner of the Partnership and (ii) shall not be entitled to any further distributions of Carried Interest under this Agreement. (b) With respect to any Individual Limited Partner who becomes a Special Limited Partner and any Fund Investment in which such Individual Limited Partner has an interest prior to becoming a Special Limited Partner, such Individual Limited Partner shall continue to hold his or her Carried Interest Points theretofore awarded with respect to such Fund Investment and shall be entitled to such Individual Limited Partner's Carried Interest Share of such Fund Investment without reduction if such Individual Limited Partner becomes a Special Limited Partner as a result of (i) termination of employment due to permanent disability (as determined by the General Partner and Greenhill), (ii) subject to Section 3.06(a), termination of employment due to death, or (iii) any other exception determined by the General Partner. (c) With respect to any Individual Limited Partner who becomes a Special Limited Partner as a result of the termination of employment for any reason other than those specified in Section 3.05(b) or 3.05(d), and any Fund Investment in which such Individual Limited Partner has an interest prior to becoming a Special Limited Partner, such Individual Limited Partner's Carried Interest Share of such Fund Investment shall be vested and become non-forfeitable in accordance with this Section 3.05(c). All Persons who become Special Limited Partners as a result of termination of employment for any reason other than those specified in Section 3.05(b) or 3.05(d) (a "Forfeiture Event") will be vested with respect to 33 1/3% of their Carried Interest Share attributable to a Fund Investment made in any given fiscal year on January 1 of the year following the year such Fund Investment was made; will be vested with respect to 66 2/3% of their Carried Interest Share attributable to such Fund Investment on January 1 of the second year following the year such Fund Investment was made; and will be fully vested with respect to their Carried Interest Share attributable to such Fund Investment on January 1 of the third year following the year such Fund Investment was made; provided that an Individual Limited Partner will be vested with respect to 100% of his Carried Interest Share attributable to a Fund Investment which is realized prior to the date on which he becomes a Special Limited Partner; and provided further that, on and after January 1, 2003, an Individual Limited Partner who has held the position of Principal or any higher executive office of the General Partner or Greenhill continuously from June 1, 2000 through January 1, 2003 14 will be fully vested with respect to 100% of his Carried Interest Share attributable to all Fund Investments made prior to the date on which he becomes a Special Limited Partner. Individual Limited Partners shall be "Partially Reduced Partners" with respect to the unvested portion of their Carried Interest Share forfeited in accordance with this Section 3.05(c). The unvested portion of the Carried Interest Share of each Special Limited Partner shall be forfeited on the date of termination of employment and shall be reallocated as provided in Section 3.02(d). The number of Carried Interest Points so forfeited, derived by application of the foregoing percentages to such Carry Participating Partner's Carried Interest Points in a Carried Interest Annual Pool, is hereinafter referred to as the "Forfeited Carried Interest Points", and the vested number of Carried Interest Points at such time, derived by application of the foregoing percentages to such Carry Participating Partner's Carried Interest Points in such Carried Interest Annual Pool, is hereinafter referred to as the "Vested Carried Interest Points". (d) With respect to any Individual Limited Partner who becomes a Special Limited Partner and any Fund Investment in which such Individual Limited Partner has an interest prior to becoming a Special Limited Partner, if such Individual Limited Partner becomes a Special Limited Partner as a result of an Elimination Event (a "Fully Reduced Partner"), such Individual Limited Partner's Carried Interest Points with respect to such Fund Investment and any Proceeds with respect to such Fund Investment that otherwise has been or could be allocated to such Individual Limited Partner at any time after such Individual Limited Partner becomes a Special Limited Partner shall be forfeited and shall be reallocated to other Limited Partners as provided in Section 3.02(d). For purposes of this Agreement, the term "Elimination Event" means, with respect to any Individual Limited Partner at any time, (i) the termination of such Individual Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill for Cause (or the termination of such Individual Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill for any reason and, following such termination, the General Partner or Greenhill determines that circumstances existed during such Individual Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill which would have entitled the General Partner or Greenhill to terminate such Individual Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill for Cause), (ii) the termination of such Individual Limited Partner's employment due to resignation with less than 30 days' notice, (iii) the termination of such Individual Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill for any reason and, within 180 days of such termination (or during the 180 days preceding such termination), such Individual Limited Partner attempts or attempted to hire a person who is or was an employee of the General Partner or Greenhill, (iv) the termination of such Individual Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill for any reason and, within 180 days of such termination, the Individual Limited Partner solicits business of a customer or client of the General Partner or Greenhill, or (v) the termination of such Individual Limited Partner due to disclosure by such Individual Limited Partner (or in the event of termination of employment by reason of death, by such Special Limited Partner's estate or any 15 designated beneficiary or heir or personal representative that became a Special Limited Partner) of any Proprietary Information, without the consent of the General Partner or Greenhill or otherwise in contravention of Section 2.08, to any unauthorized Person or the use of Proprietary Information by such Individual Limited Partner (or in the event of termination of employment by reason of death, by such Special Limited Partner's estate or any designated beneficiary or heir or personal representative that became a Special Limited Partner) other than in connection with the Partnership's or Greenhill's business where such disclosure or use may be adverse to the financial interests of the Partnership or Greenhill or their respective Affiliates (as determined by the General Partner in its discretion). SECTION 3.06 Other Provisions Relating to Special Limited Partners. (a) In the event of the death of an Individual Limited Partner, such Individual Limited Partner shall cease to be a Partner of the Partnership and the Partnership shall furnish to such Individual Limited Partner's estate or designated beneficiary such information relating to the Partnership's affairs and Fund Investments as such estate's executor or such designated beneficiary shall reasonably request in order to enable such estate or designated beneficiary to prepare and file tax returns and conduct audits or other proceedings relating to such tax returns; provided that such estate and its executor and any designated beneficiary shall have executed an instrument reasonably satisfactory to the General Partner agreeing to be bound by the confidentiality obligations set forth in Section 2.08 with respect to all information so furnished. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the estate or designated beneficiary shall automatically be admitted to the Partnership as a Special Limited Partner and shall receive allocations and distributions to the extent and in the manner provided for in this Agreement with respect to such deceased Individual Limited Partner. (b) If, at any time during the term of the Partnership, the General Partner determines in good faith that any further participation by a Special Limited Partner in the Partnership's affairs would be detrimental to any Portfolio Company, the Partnership, the other Individual Limited Partners, Greenhill, any Fund, any Investor or any of their respective Affiliates, then, to the extent determined appropriate by the General Partner in its discretion and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, such Special Limited Partner shall cease to have the right to obtain information regarding the Partnership and its affairs or regarding any Partnership or any Fund Investment (other than any financial statements of the Partnership and underlying documentation supporting such financial statements). (c) A Special Limited Partner shall not be entitled to vote, except for purposes of clause (x) of Section 12.01(b)(ii), except as required by applicable law and except where a Special Limited Partner's interests in Fund Investments existing at the time any vote or approval of the Limited Partners or the Individual Limited Partners is required pursuant to Article 2 or 12.01 or any other provision of this Agreement shall be materially adversely affected by such vote or approval in a way that is different from the effect of 16 such vote or approval on any other Limited Partners. To the extent such Special Limited Partner is not entitled to vote, such Special Limited Partner's economic interest, if any, shall be disregarded in connection with any such vote or approval and such Special Limited Partner's Carried Interest Points shall be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction representing the specified percentage of Carried Interest Points required for the consent or approval of Partners under this Agreement. SECTION 3.07 Assignment of Points to General Partner. The Carried Interest Points assigned to the General Partner will be further assigned by it to its members pursuant to provisions of the General Partner's Limited Liability Company Agreement (the "LLC Agreement") substantially similar to those set forth in this Article 3. For the avoidance of doubt, whenever this Agreement refers to the assignment or allocation of Carried Interest Points to the Partners, the General Partner is to be included in such determination. In the event of a termination of employment of, or an Elimination Event relating to, a member of the General Partner, then (i) the Carried Interest Points of such member that are forfeited under the LLC Agreement will be reallocated among the other members of the General Partner and the other Partners in accordance with the principles set forth in this Article 3 as if the members had been Partners of the Partnership and (ii) the General Partner will be deemed to be a Partially Reduced Partner to the extent of such reduction in Carried Interest Points. ARTICLE 4 EXPENSES SECTION 4.01 Definition of Expenses. "Partnership Expenses" means (i) all expenses or obligations incurred by or on behalf of the Partnership that are directly attributable to any Fund Investment including any Indemnification Obligation with respect to a Fund Investment (an "Investment Expense") and (ii) all General Expenses. "General Expenses" means any expenses incurred by the Partnership other than Investment Expenses, Carry Expenses or Indemnification Obligations including, without limitation: (a) all costs and expenses of organizing the Partnership; and (b) all routine administrative expenses of the Partnership, including salaries and employee benefit expenses of employees, consultants and independent contractors of the Partnership, fees and expenses associated with the maintenance of books and records of the Partnership, the employment or retention by the Partnership with respect to routine matters of accountants, attorneys and other professionals, and the preparation and dispatch to the Limited Partners of checks, financial reports and notices required by this Agreement. SECTION 4.02 Responsibility for Partnership Expenses among the Partners. The Partners agree that, as among themselves, Partnership Expenses shall be borne by the Partners as follows: 17 (a) any Investment Expense shall be borne only by those Partners who are Carry Participating Partners with respect to such Fund Investment, pro rata in proportion to their respective Carried Interest Share in such Fund Investment at such time; and (b) any General Expense or Indemnification Obligation not directly attributable to any Fund Investment shall be borne by all Partners, pro rata in proportion to their respective Capital Account balances at such time; provided that, if the General Partner determines in its discretion that any Partnership Expense is an Indemnification Obligation directly attributable to the acts or conduct of one or more Partners, but not directly attributable to all Partners as a group, the General Partner may determine that all or a portion of such Partnership Expense shall be borne by only those Partners to whom such Partnership Expense is directly attributable, pro rata in proportion to the respective Carried Interest Share of those Partners who are required to bear such Partnership Expense pursuant to this proviso. ARTICLE 5 CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CLAWBACK OBLIGATIONS SECTION 5.01 Capital Contributions. The Partners listed in Schedule III (the "Contributing Partners") shall be obligated to make contributions to the Partnership ("Capital Contributions") in an aggregate amount not to exceed their respective Capital Commitments. Except as provided in Section 5.03 or as required by the Delaware Act, the Partners shall have no obligation to make any other contributions to the capital of the Partnership, whether to fund Fund Investments, to fund Partnership Expenses or for any other reason. SECTION 5.02 Payment of Capital Contributions. All Capital Contributions shall be paid to the Partnership in immediately available funds in United States dollars by 11:00 A.M. (New York City time) on the date and to the account specified by the General Partner. Capital Contributions may include amounts that the General Partner determines in its discretion are necessary or desirable to establish reserves in respect of Partnership Expenses or the Partnership's obligation to make its capital contribution to the Funds. 18 ARTICLE 6 CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; ALLOCATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS SECTION 6.01 Principles of Distributions Attributable to Invested Capital. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all Proceeds received by the Partnership, including Proceeds in respect of the Partnership's capital contributions as general partner of the Funds, but excluding Proceeds referred to in Section 6.02, shall be distributed as follows: Proceeds that are cash or readily-marketable securities received from the Funds shall be distributed or paid promptly after the receipt thereof, and in the case of other types of Proceeds at such time as the General Partner shall determine in its discretion. With respect to any Proceeds referred to in this paragraph, the General Partner shall, at the time of distribution, determine each Contributing Partner's Investment Percentage of such Proceeds and make distributions of such amounts to the Contributing Partners. SECTION 6.02 Principles of Distributions Attributable to Carried Interest. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Proceeds from any Fund Investment representing Carried Interest from any Fund Investment shall be distributed at such time as the General Partner shall determine in its discretion. With respect to the distribution of any Proceeds representing any Carried Interest Share ("Carried Interest distributions"), at least 40% of a Carry Participating Partner's (other than a Partially Reduced Partner's) Participation Percentage of such Proceeds shall be distributed to such Carry Participating Partner and up to 60% of such Carry Participating Partner's Participation Percentage of such Proceeds shall be retained by the Partnership in a segregated account (the "Segregated Account") established for such Carry Participating Partner pursuant to Section 6.07, in each case as the General Partner determines in its discretion. (b) If, at the time of distribution of any Proceeds representing the Carried Interest Share, a Carry Participating Partner is a Partially Reduced Partner as a result of a Forfeiture Event, the General Partner shall determine the aggregate amount of Proceeds previously distributed to such Carry Participating Partner with respect to all Fund Investments in which such Carry Participating Partner participates, and such Carry Participating Partner's Participation Percentage (determined without giving effect to such Forfeiture Event) of such Proceeds shall be applied in the following manner (in lieu of Section 6.02(a)): (x) the portion of such Proceeds attributable to at least 40% of such Partially Reduced Partner's Carry Vested Percentage of its Carried Interest Share shall be distributed to such Partially Reduced Partner and the portion of such Proceeds attributable to up to 60% of such Partially Reduced Partner's Carry Vested Percentage of its Carried Interest Share shall be retained by the Partnership in such Partially Reduced Partner's Segregated Account, and 19 (y) the portion of such Proceeds attributable to such Partially Reduced Partner's Carry Forfeited Percentage of such Carried Interest Share shall be allocated to the other Partners who are entitled to such forfeited portion of the Carried Interest Share (each, a "Forfeited Interest Partner"), pro rata in proportion to their respective increases or newly allocated Carried Interest Shares. SECTION 6.03 Other Provisions Relating to Distributions. All cash distributions shall be made in immediately available funds in U.S. Dollars, except to the extent that distributions in U.S. dollars would be illegal under applicable law, in which case, to such extent, distributions shall be made in the currency in which cash is received by the Partnership. (b) Any securities or other property constituting all or any portion of a Fund Investment may be distributed in kind at such time and in such amounts as the General Partner shall, in its discretion, determine. In the event of any such distribution in kind, the General Partner shall, depending on whether such distribution constitutes a distribution of Proceeds constituting the Carried Interest Share, (i) distribute to the applicable Contributing Partners or Carry Interest Partner securities or other property of the same type, and (ii) if cash and securities or other property in kind are to be distributed simultaneously, distribute cash and securities or such property in kind to each such Contributing Partner or Carry Interest Partner in the same proportions to such Contributing Partners or Carry Interest Partners; provided that the General Partner, in its discretion, may allow each such Contributing Partner or Carry Interest Partner to elect whether to receive a distribution in kind or in cash. The General Partner shall determine, in its discretion, the fair value of the securities or other property to be distributed in kind on a date as near as reasonably practicable to the date of such distribution, and, in the case of securities denominated in a currency other than U.S. Dollars, shall determine the U.S. Dollar equivalent of such fair value based on the applicable exchange rate in effect on the valuation date. (c) In connection with any distribution of cash, securities or other property received by the Partnership, the General Partner may, in its discretion, set off against, or withhold from, the amount distributable to any Limited Partner with respect to such Fund Investment the following amounts: (i) such Limited Partner's share of any Partnership Expense or any other amount due from such Limited Partner to the Partnership; and (ii) any amounts required to pay, or to reimburse (on a net after-tax basis) any Indemnified Person for the payment of, any taxes and related expenses that the General Partner in good faith determines to be properly attributable to such Limited Partner (including, without limitation, withholding taxes and interest, penalties and expenses incurred in respect thereof). 20 Any amounts so set off or withheld pursuant to this Section 6.03 shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as if actually distributed to such Limited Partner and shall be applied by the General Partner to discharge the obligation in respect of which such amounts were withheld. (d) The General Partner shall have the right, in its discretion, to withhold amounts otherwise distributable by the Partnership to a Limited Partner in order to make such provision as the General Partner, in its discretion, deems necessary or advisable for the payment of such Limited Partner's share of any future Partnership Expense if the nature and amount of such Partnership Expense is known or reasonably anticipated at the time of distribution. (e) The Partnership shall distribute all amounts received by it in respect of the Pre-Closing Investments (as defined in the Fund Partnership Agreements) pursuant to Section 1.07(e) of the Fund Partnership Agreements to the Limited Partners who made a Capital Contribution in respect of such Pre-Closing Investments (the "Initial Contributing Partners") until each Initial Contributing Partner shall have received an amount equal to such Capital Contribution plus a notional interest charge in respect of such Capital Contribution equal to 6% per annum calculated from the date such Capital Contribution was made, net of any payments received by such Initial Contributing Partner on or prior to the date of such distribution in respect of such Pre-Closing Investments. In addition, each Initial Contributing Partner shall receive a portion of the amount contributed by each other Partner on the date hereof. The distribution to each Initial Contributing Partner shall be treated as a return of capital and shall be in an amount such that, after giving effect to such distribution, each Partner shall have made Capital Contributions for the Pre-Closing Investments on a pro rata basis (based on the Capital Commitment of each Partner) as of the Contribution Date (as defined in the Fund Partnership Agreements). Any distributions to be made to an Initial Contributing Partner pursuant to the foregoing who is no longer a Limited Partner but is currently a member of the General Partner shall be made to the General Partner for distribution to such members. (f) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Partnership shall not make any distributions pursuant to this Agreement except to the extent permitted by the Delaware Act. SECTION 6.04 Capital Accounts; Adjustments to Capital Accounts. There shall be established for each Partner, on the books and records of the Partnership, a capital account (a "Capital Account"). Each Partner's Capital Account shall initially be zero and shall be adjusted as set forth in this Section 6.04. 21 (b) The Capital Account of each Partner shall be adjusted as follows: (i) Cash Contributions. The amount of cash contributed to the Partnership by such Partner shall be credited to the Capital Account of such Partner. (ii) Distributions. The amount of cash (or the value of other property distributed in kind as determined in accordance with Section 6.03) distributed by the Partnership to any Partner shall be debited against the Capital Account of such Partner. (iii) Income, Profit or Gain. The amount of any allocation of income, profit or gain made by the Partnership to any Partner shall be credited to the Capital Account of such Partner. (iv) Expense, Deduction or Loss. The amount of any allocation of expense, deduction or loss made by the Partnership to any Partner shall be debited against the Capital Account of such Partner. (c) The Partnership's items of income, gain, loss, deduction and expense shall be allocated to the Capital Accounts as follows: (i) Allocation of Partnership Expenses. The amount of any Partnership Expense shall be allocated among the Partners in accordance with Section 4.02. (ii) Allocation of Interest Income and Expense. The amount of any interest earned on any Partner's Capital Contribution or on any Partner's Segregated Account shall be allocated to the Capital Account of such Partner. (iii) Allocation of a Carry Participating Partner's Carry Income, Gains and Losses. All income and gains representing the Carried Interest shall be allocated among the Carry Participating Partners in a manner consistent with the corresponding distributions made or to be made pursuant to Section 6.02. All losses with respect to a Carried Interest Annual Pool shall be allocated among the Carry Participating Partners in a manner consistent with Section 6.07(c). (iv) Residual Allocations. The Partnership's remaining net income or net loss (after giving effect to clauses (i) through (v) of this Section 6.04(c)) for any fiscal period and each item of income, gain, loss, deduction or expense shall be allocated among the Partners in a manner consistent with the corresponding distributions made or to be made pursuant to Sections 6.01, 6.02 and 9.04. SECTION 6.05 Tax Allocations. For federal, state and local income tax purposes, each item of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the Partnership shall be 22 allocated among the Partners as nearly as possible in the same manner as the corresponding item of income, expense, gain or loss is allocated pursuant to the other provisions of this Article 6. It is intended that the Capital Accounts will be maintained at all times in accordance with Section 704 of the Code and applicable Treasury regulations thereunder, and that the provisions hereof relating to the Capital Accounts be interpreted in a manner consistent therewith. The General Partner shall be authorized by this Section 6.05 to make appropriate adjustments to the allocations of items pursuant to this Article 6 if necessary in order to comply with Section 704 of the Code or applicable Treasury regulations thereunder; provided that no such change shall have an adverse effect upon the amount distributable to any Partner hereunder. (b) Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Article 6, if any Partner has a deficit Capital Account for any fiscal period as a result of any adjustment, allocation or distribution of the type described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4)-(6), then the Partnership's income and gain will be specially allocated to such Partner in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d). SECTION 6.06 Foreign Currency Considerations. At the time any cash is received in a currency other than U.S. Dollars for payment (as distributions or otherwise) to Partners: (i) if such cash is to be paid (as a distribution or otherwise) in U.S. Dollars, the General Partner shall effect the conversion of such cash into U.S. Dollars, at the exchange rate determined by the General Partner, as soon as practicable after such cash is received; and (ii) if, pursuant to Section 6.03(a), such cash is to be paid in the currency in which it is received, the General Partner shall determine the U.S. Dollar equivalent of such cash, based upon the applicable exchange rate in effect on the date such cash is received, for purposes of this Article 6. (b) Currency translations in connection with the valuation of non-cash property that is to be distributed in kind shall be made in the manner set forth in Section 6.03(b) for purposes of this Article 6. SECTION 6.07 Segregated Accounts; Netting of Carried Interest Shares; Distributions from Segregated Accounts. (a) There shall be established, for each Carry Participating Partner, a Segregated Account, which shall consist of one gain sub-account (a "Gain Account") and one loss sub-account (a "Loss Account"). At any time, (i) the balance in any Carry Participating Partner's Gain Account shall be such Carry Participating Partner's "Gain Amount" and (ii) the balance in any Carry Participating Partner's Loss Account shall be such Carry Participating Partner's "Loss Amount". Each Carry Participating Partner shall be entitled to receive, with respect to funds held in such Carry Participating Partner's Segregated Account, income from the temporary 23 investment of such funds for the period such funds are held by the Partnership until such time such funds are distributed pursuant to this Section 6.07. (b) The Gain Account of each Carry Participating Partner for any Carried Interest Annual Pool shall initially be zero and thereafter be adjusted as follows: (i) increased by an amount equal to the amount distributed to such Carry Participating Partner but retained by the Partnership in the Segregated Account of such Carry Participating Partner pursuant to Sections 6.02(a) and 6.02(b); and (ii) decreased by any amount distributed in accordance with Section 6.07(e). (c) The Loss Account of each Carry Participating Partner for any Carried Interest Annual Pool shall initially be zero and thereafter be adjusted as follows: (i) increased by an amount equal to 100% of such Carry Participating Partner's Participation Percentage of the Notional Loss Amount (as determined by the General Partner pursuant to Section 6.07(d) from any Fund Investment); and (ii) decreased by any amount distributed in accordance with Section 6.07(e). (d) Upon the determination of the General Partner to write down or write off the value of any Fund Investment or the realization of any Fund Investment at a loss, the General Partner shall determine, for each Carry Participating Partner, a "Notional Loss Amount" related to such Fund Investment, using the methodology applicable to the determination of Carried Interest set forth in the applicable Fund Partnership Agreement and the Participation Percentage of such Carry Participating Partner. (e) At the time of each subsequent disposition of Fund Investment that would have resulted in a Carried Interest if determined without regard to any other Fund Investment, the General Partner shall determine, for each Carry Participating Partner, (i) the Gain Amount in such Carry Participating Partner's Gain Account and (ii) the Loss Amount in such Carry Participating Partner's Loss Account. Upon such determination, an amount equal to the Loss Amount for each Carry Participating Partner shall be distributed to the Carry Participating Partners in such subsequent Fund Investment to the extent necessary to permit such Carry Participating Partners to receive the Carried Interest distributions that would have been distributed to them in the absence of any Notional Loss Amount; provided that such distribution will not exceed the Gain Amount for such Carry Participating Partner at such time. (f) Any amounts remaining in any Carry Participating Partner's Segregated Account, after giving effect to this Section 6.07 and Section 5.03, shall be paid to such 24 Carry Participating Partner after the complete liquidation of all Fund Investments in all Carried Interest Annual Pools in which such Carry Participating Partner is a participant. (g) Amounts retained in any Segregated Account with respect to any Carry Participating Partner shall not be distributed from such Segregated Account, except as otherwise provided in this Section 6.07. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner may cause amounts held in the Segregated Account of any Carry Participating Partner to be distributed to such Carry Participating Partner if the General Partner determines, in its discretion, that such amounts are not required in order for such Carry Participating Partner to meet such Carry Participating Partner's payment obligations under this Section 6.07. SECTION 6.08 Loans and Withdrawal of Amounts Allocated to Capital Accounts. Except as permitted by the General Partner, no Individual Limited Partner shall be permitted to borrow, or to make an early withdrawal of, any portion of the amounts allocated to his or her Capital Account. SECTION 6.09 Repayment of Certain Distributions. In the event that any amount distributed to an Individual Limited Partner hereunder is later determined by the General Partner to be in excess of the amount such Individual Limited Partner was entitled to under this Agreement, such Individual Limited Partner shall return such amount to the Partnership. ARTICLE 7 REPORTS TO INDIVIDUAL LIMITED PARTNERS SECTION 7.01 Reports. (a) The General Partner shall provide to each Individual Limited Partner reports and financial information on the Partnership's affairs and on such Individual Limited Partner's Allocation Schedule and Capital Account in such form and at such times as the General Partner shall determine in its discretion. The General Partner shall also provide to each Individual Limited Partner (other than any Special Limited Partner), upon request, a copy of each report and financial statement provided to any Investor pursuant to any Partnership Agreement. (b) After the end of each fiscal year, the General Partner shall cause the independent certified public accountants of the Partnership to prepare and transmit, within 30 days after the tax returns for all Funds have been completed, or as soon thereafter as is practicable, a federal income tax form K-1 for each Partner, a copy of the Partnership's return filed for federal income tax purposes and a report setting forth in sufficient detail such transactions effected by the Partnership during such fiscal year as shall enable each Partner to prepare its United States federal and state income tax returns, if any. The General Partner shall provide such materials to (i) each Limited Partner and 25 (ii) each former Limited Partner (or its successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives) who may require such information in preparing its United States federal and state income tax returns. ARTICLE 8 EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION SECTION 8.01 Exculpation and Indemnification. (a) No Indemnified Person shall be liable to the Partnership or to the Partners for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities arising from, related to, or in connection with this Agreement, the Partnership's business or affairs, the Fund Partnership Agreements or the Funds' business or affairs (including any act or omission by any Indemnified Person and any activity of the type or character disclosed or contemplated in Section 2.04 or 2.05 hereof or in any Partnership Agreement (such disclosure being incorporated herein by reference) and no such activity will in and of itself constitute a breach of any duty owed by any Indemnified Person to any Partner or the Partnership), except for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities resulting from such Indemnified Person's gross negligence or willful misconduct. (b) The Partnership shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Person against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, arising out of, related to or in connection with this Agreement, the Partnership's business or affairs, the Fund Partnership Agreements or the Funds' business or affairs, except for (i) any such losses, claims, damages or liabilities resulting from such Indemnified Person's gross negligence or willful misconduct, and (ii) any losses allocated to any Partner's Capital Account. The Partnership will periodically reimburse each Indemnified Person for all expenses (including fees and expenses of counsel) as such expenses are incurred in connection with investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any Proceeding related to, arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, the Partnership's business or affairs, the Fund Partnership Agreements or the Funds' business or affairs; provided that such Indemnified Person shall promptly repay to the Partnership the amount of any such reimbursed expenses paid to it if it shall be judicially determined by judgment or order not subject to further appeal or discretionary review that such Indemnified Person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Partnership in connection with such matter as provided in the exceptions contained in the immediately preceding sentence. If for any reason (other than the exceptions contained in the first sentence of this Section 8.01(b)) the foregoing indemnification is unavailable to any Indemnified Person, or insufficient to hold it harmless, then the Partnership shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such loss, claim, damage or liability in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Partnership, on the one hand, and such Indemnified Person, on the other hand, or, if such allocation is not permitted by applicable law, to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to above but also any other relevant equitable considerations. 26 Any indemnity, contribution or reimbursement obligation of the Partnership under this Section 8.01(b) is referred to as an "Indemnification Obligation." (c) Each Limited Partner covenants for itself and its successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives that such Person will, at any time prior to or after dissolution of the Partnership, whether before or after such Person's withdrawal from the Partnership, pay to the Partnership on demand any amount which the Partnership properly pays in respect of taxes (including withholding taxes) imposed upon income of, or distributions in respect of Fund Investments made to, such Limited Partner. (d) In the event that any Individual Limited Partner initiates any Proceeding against the Partnership, the General Partner, any member of the General Partner, Greenhill or any Affiliate of Greenhill and a judgment or order not subject to further appeal or discretionary review is rendered in respect of such Proceeding for the Partnership, the General Partner, any member of the General Partner, Greenhill or any Affiliate of Greenhill, as the case may be, such Individual Limited Partner shall be solely liable for all costs and expenses of the Partnership, the General Partner, any member of the General Partner, Greenhill or such Affiliate of Greenhill, as the case may be, attributable thereto and shall pay such amounts in cash to the Persons incurring such costs and expenses within 90 days after the entry of such judgment or order. (e) Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, the exculpation provisions under 8.02(a) and the reimbursement, indemnity and contribution obligations of the Partnership under Section 8.01(b) shall: (i) be in addition to any liability which the Partnership may otherwise have; and (ii) be binding upon and inure to the benefit of any successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives of the Partnership and each Indemnified Person. (f) To the extent that, at law or in equity, any Partner has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Partnership or to any other Partner, the Partner acting in connection with the Partnership's affairs shall not be liable to the Partnership or to any other Partner for its good faith reliance on the provisions of this Agreement. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the provisions of this Agreement, to the extent that they restrict the duties and liabilities or rights and powers of the Partners otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Partners to replace such other duties, liabilities, rights and powers of the Partners. (g) The foregoing provisions of this Section 8.01 shall survive for a period of four years from the date of dissolution of the Partnership; provided that if at the end of such period, there are any Proceedings then pending or any other liability (whether contingent or otherwise) or claim then outstanding, any Individual Limited Partner shall 27 so notify the General Partner or Greenhill at such time (which notice shall include a brief description of each such Proceeding (and of the liabilities asserted in such Proceeding) and of such liabilities and claims) and the foregoing provisions of this Section 8.01 shall survive with respect to each such Proceeding, liability and claim set forth in such notice (or any related Proceeding, liability or claim based upon the same or a similar claim) until such date that such Proceeding, liability or claim is ultimately resolved. ARTICLE 9 DURATION AND DISSOLUTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP SECTION 9.01. Duration. The term of the Partnership shall continue for so long as any of the Funds continue in existence, unless the Partnership is sooner dissolved pursuant to Section 9.02; provided that in order to permit an orderly winding up of the affairs of the Partnership, subject to Section 9.02, the General Partner may, in its discretion, extend the term of the Partnership for up to three successive one-year terms following the expiration of such initial term. SECTION 9.02. Dissolution. The death, retirement, resignation, expulsion, bankruptcy or dissolution of a Limited Partner, or the occurrence of any other event which terminates the continued membership of a Limited Partner in the Partnership, shall not, in and of itself, cause the Partnership to be dissolved and its affairs wound up. Upon the occurrence of any such event, the business of the Partnership shall be continued without dissolution. Subject to the Delaware Act, the Partnership shall be dissolved and its affairs shall be wound up upon the earliest of: (a) the expiration of the term of the Partnership provided in Section 9.01; (b) in the discretion of the General Partner, upon the dissolution and distribution of assets of all Funds; (c) a decision made by the General Partner, after consultation with counsel, to dissolve the Partnership because it has determined in good faith that (i) changes in any applicable law or regulation would have a material adverse effect on the continuation of the Partnership or (ii) such action is necessary or desirable as provided in Section 2.10; (d) the written consent of all Partners; (e) the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution under Section 17-802 of the Delaware Act; (f) at any time that there are no limited partners of the Partnership, unless the business of the Partnership is continued in accordance with the Delaware Act; and 28 (g) any event that results in the General Partner ceasing to be a general partner of the Partnership under the Delaware Act, provided that the Partnership shall not be dissolved and required to be wound up in connection with any such event if (A) at the time of the occurrence of such event there is at least one remaining general partner of the Partnership who is hereby authorized to and does carry on the business of the Partnership, or (B) within 90 days after the occurrence of such event, the Majority Individual Limited Partners agree in writing or vote to continue the business of the Partnership and to the appointment, effective as of the date of such event, if required, of one or more additional general partners of the Partnership. SECTION 9.03. Liquidation of Partnership. Upon dissolution, the Partnership's business shall be liquidated in an orderly manner. Except as provided in the immediately succeeding sentence, the General Partner shall be the liquidator to wind up the affairs of the Partnership pursuant to this Agreement. If the General Partner is not available to serve as liquidator or if the Partnership shall be dissolved upon dissolution of any of the Funds in accordance with the terms of the applicable Partnership Agreement, the Individual Limited Partners may by approval of the Majority Individual Limited Partners appoint one or more liquidators to act as the liquidator in carrying out such liquidation. In performing its duties, subject to the Delaware Act, the liquidator is authorized to sell, distribute, exchange or otherwise dispose of the assets of the Partnership in any reasonable manner that the liquidator shall determine to be in the best interest of the Partners. SECTION 9.04. Distribution upon Dissolution of the Partnership. (a) Upon dissolution of the Partnership, the liquidator winding up the affairs of the Partnership shall determine in its discretion which assets of the Partnership shall be sold and which assets of the Partnership shall be retained for distribution in kind to the Partners. Subject to the Delaware Act, after all liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of the Partnership have been satisfied or duly provided for (as determined by the liquidator in its discretion), the remaining assets of the Partnership shall be distributed to the Partners in proportion to their respective positive Capital Accounts up to the amounts thereof, and thereafter in the manner in which additional amounts would have been distributed pursuant to Article 6. (b) In the discretion of the liquidator, and subject to the Delaware Act, all or a portion of the assets of the Partnership may be: (i) distributed to a trust established for the benefit of the Partners for purposes of liquidating Partnership assets, collecting amounts owed to the Partnership, and satisfying any liabilities or obligations of the Partnership arising out of, or in connection with, this Agreement or the Partnership's affairs; or (ii) withheld, with respect to any Partner, to provide a reserve reasonably required for Partnership Expenses; provided that such withheld amounts shall be 29 distributed to the Partners as soon as the liquidator determines, in its discretion, that it is no longer necessary to retain such amounts. The assets of any trust established in connection with clause (i) above shall be distributed to the Partners from time to time, in the discretion of the liquidator, in the same proportions as the amount distributed to such trust by the Partnership would otherwise have been distributed to the Partners pursuant to this Agreement. (c) Each Partner shall look solely to the assets of the Partnership for the return of such Partner's aggregate invested capital in Fund Investments, and no Partner shall have priority over any other Partner as to the return of such invested capital. SECTION 9.05. Resignation of Individual Limited Partners. Except as otherwise provided in Section 3.05 or in Article 10 or with the approval of the General Partner, an Individual Limited Partner may not resign or withdraw from the Partnership prior to its dissolution and winding up. ARTICLE 10 TRANSFERABILITY OF A LIMITED PARTNER'S INTEREST SECTION 10.01. Restrictions on Transfer of Limited Partner Interests. (a) A Limited Partner may not, directly or indirectly, sell, exchange, transfer, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of all or any portion of its limited partner interest (including any entitlement to any distributions hereunder) in the Partnership (any such direct or indirect sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation or other disposition being herein collectively called "Transfers") to any Person, except (i) pursuant to Section 2.10 or 3.05, (ii) by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, (iii) by operation of law or (iv) to the Partnership. (b) Sections 10.02 and 10.03 shall not apply to any Transfer contemplated by clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) of Section 10.01(a), other than a Transfer pursuant to Section 2.10; provided that any transferee pursuant to a Transfer contemplated by clause (ii) of Section 10.01(a) shall not be admitted as a Partner unless such Person, as a condition to its admission as a Partner, shall have executed and acknowledged such instruments (including a counterpart of this Agreement), in form and substance satisfactory to the General Partner, as the General Partner reasonably deems necessary or desirable to effectuate such admission and to confirm the agreement of such Person to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement with respect to the Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership acquired by such Person, whereupon such Person shall become a Substituted Limited Partner and shall, for purposes of the calculations under Sections 6.04 and 6.07, be bound by such calculations previously made with respect to the transferring Partner pursuant to this Agreement, and shall be otherwise treated with 30 respect to such calculations as if such Person were a Partner from the inception of the Partnership. (c) The termination of any Individual Limited Partner's employment with Greenhill or any of its Affiliates shall not in and of itself result in or be deemed to constitute a Transfer of all or any portion of such Individual Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership. (d) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing restrictions, in no event may a Limited Partner Transfer any portion of his limited partner interest in the Partnership nor may a Substituted Limited Partner be admitted to the Partnership if such Transfer or such admission would, in the judgment of the General Partner, jeopardize the status of the Partnership as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes, cause a dissolution of the Partnership under the Delaware Act, cause the Partnership's assets to be deemed to be "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, cause the Partnership to be deemed to be an "investment company" for purposes of the Investment Company Act, cause the Partnership to be in violation of the Advisers Act, or would violate, or cause the Partnership to violate, any applicable law, regulation or order, including any applicable federal or state securities laws. SECTION 10.02. Expenses of Transfer; Indemnification. All expenses, including attorneys' fees and expenses, incurred by the Partnership in connection with any Transfer shall be borne by the transferring Limited Partner or such Limited Partner's transferee (any such transferee, when admitted and shown as an Individual Limited Partner on the books and records of the Partnership, being hereinafter called a "Substituted Limited Partner"). In addition, the transferring Limited Partner or such transferee shall indemnify the Partnership and the General Partner in a manner satisfactory to the General Partner against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Partnership or the General Partner may become subject arising out of, related to or in connection with any false representation or warranty made by, or breach or failure to comply with any covenant or agreement of, such transferring Partner or such transferee. SECTION 10.03. Recognition of Transfer; Substituted Partners. (a) No assignee or other recipient of all or any portion of an Individual Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership may be admitted to the Partnership as a Substituted Limited Partner without the prior approval of the General Partner (which may, in the General Partner's discretion, be withheld). If the General Partner approves the admission of any Person to the Partnership as a Substituted Limited Partner, such Person, as a condition to its admission as a Partner, shall execute and acknowledge such instruments (including a counterpart of this Agreement), in form and substance satisfactory to the General Partner, as the General Partner reasonably deems necessary or desirable to effectuate such admission and to confirm the agreement of such Person to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement with respect to the limited partner interest in the Partnership acquired by such Person. 31 (b) The Partnership shall not (subject to Section 3.05) recognize for any purpose any purported Transfer of all or any part of a Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership and no assignee, transferee or other recipient of all or any part of such interest shall become a Substituted Limited Partner hereunder unless: (i) the provisions of this Article 10 shall have been complied with; (ii) the General Partner shall have been furnished with the documents effecting such Transfer, in form reasonably satisfactory to the General Partner, executed and acknowledged by both the assignor or transferor and assignee, transferee or other recipient; (iii) such assignee, transferee or other recipient shall have represented that such Transfer was made in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations; (iv) all necessary governmental consents shall have been obtained in respect of such Transfer; (v) the books and records of the Partnership shall have been changed (which change shall be made as promptly as practicable) to reflect the admission of such Substituted Limited Partner; and (vi) all necessary instruments reflecting such admission shall have been filed in each jurisdiction in which such filing is necessary in order to qualify the Partnership to conduct business. Upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in this Section 10.03, any such assignee or other recipient shall become a Substituted Limited Partner. Any Person who succeeds to any Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership and who becomes a Substituted Limited Partner shall, for purposes of the calculations under Sections 6.04 and 6.07, be bound by such calculations previously made with respect to the transferring Partner pursuant to this Agreement, and shall be otherwise treated with respect to such calculations as if such Person were the Partner from the inception of the Partnership. ARTICLE 11 TRANSFERABILITY OF GENERAL PARTNER'S INTEREST SECTION 11.01. Transferability of General Partner's Interest. (a) Except as otherwise provided herein, the General Partner may not Transfer to any Person (other than to a successor-in-interest (by merger or otherwise) or assignee that is an Affiliate of Greenhill, which Transfer may be made without the approval of any other Partner) 32 without the prior approval of a majority of the Limited Partners. If the General Partner so determines in its discretion, and any such prior approval of the Limited Partners (if required) so provides, the General Partner may admit any Person to whom the General Partner proposes to make such a Transfer as an additional general partner of the Partnership, and such transferee shall be deemed admitted to the Partnership as a general partner of the Partnership immediately prior to such Transfer and shall continue the business of the Partnership without dissolution. ARTICLE 12 MISCELLANEOUS SECTION 12.01. Entire Agreement; Amendments; Waivers; Termination. (a) This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both oral and written, between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. (b) Any provision of this Agreement (including Article 10) may be amended or waived by a written agreement executed by the General Partner and without the approval of any Individual Limited Partner; provided that, (i) the provisions of Article 8, Section 9.01 and this Section 12.01(b) may not be amended or waived without the approval of the General Partner and each Individual Limited Partner (other than any Special Limited Partner referred to in the second sentence of Section 3.06(c) (to the extent provided in Section 3.06(c))); (ii) no amendment or waiver of the provisions of this Agreement may increase the liability of an Individual Limited Partner beyond the liability of such Individual Limited Partner expressly set forth in this Agreement or otherwise modify or affect the limited liability of such Individual Limited Partner or materially impair the value of any Carried Interest Point previously awarded to an Individual Limited Partner without the consent of the General Partner and the Individual Limited Partner affected thereby; provided, however, that for all purposes of this Section 12.01, any amendment of this Agreement that is necessary to carry out or reflect the operation of Section 3.05 shall not require the consent or approval of any Individual Limited Partner; and (iii) no provision of this Agreement that relates to or affects Greenhill may be amended or waived without the approval of Greenhill. 33 (c) The General Partner shall give the affected Individual Limited Partners written notice of any amendment of this Agreement effected pursuant to Section 12.01(b) within 30 days after the same becomes effective. SECTION 12.02. Mergers and Consolidations. The Partnership may merge or consolidate with or into one or more Delaware limited partnerships or other business entities (as defined in the Delaware Act) pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 17-211 of the Delaware Act upon the approval of the General Partner and the Majority Individual Limited Partners; provided that in connection with any such merger or consolidation, no amendment of any provision of this Agreement may be effected without the approval required for an amendment of such provision in accordance with Section 12.01. Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, any agreement of merger or consolidation approved in accordance with the preceding sentence may (x) effect any amendment to this Agreement or (y) effect the adoption of a new limited partnership agreement for the Partnership if it is the surviving or resulting entity in such merger or consolidation. SECTION 12.03. Investment Representation. Each Limited Partner, by executing this Agreement, represents and warrants that his limited partner interest in the Partnership has been acquired by him for his own account for investment and not with a view to resale or distribution thereof and that he is fully aware that in agreeing to admit him as a Limited Partner, the General Partner, Greenhill and the Partnership are relying upon the truth and accuracy of this representation and warranty. SECTION 12.04. Successors; Counterparts. This Agreement (i) shall be binding as to the executors, administrators, estates, heirs and legal successors of the Limited Partners and (ii) may be executed in several counterparts with the same effect as if the parties executing the several counterparts had all executed one counterpart. SECTION 12.05. Governing Law; Severability. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware as applied between residents of that state entering into contracts wholly to be performed in that state. In particular, it shall be construed to the maximum extent possible to comply with all of the terms and conditions of the Delaware Act. If it shall be determined by court order not subject to appeal or discretionary review that any provision or wording of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable under the Delaware Act or other applicable law, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not invalidate the entire Agreement, in which case this Agreement shall be construed so as to limit any term or provision so as to make it enforceable or valid within the requirements of applicable law, and, in the event such term or provision cannot be so limited, this Agreement shall be construed to omit such invalid or unenforceable provisions. SECTION 12.06. Further Assurance. Each Individual Limited Partner, upon the request of the General Partner, agrees to perform all further acts and to execute, 34 acknowledge and deliver any documents that may reasonably be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Agreement. SECTION 12.07. Filings. The General Partner shall promptly prepare, following the execution and delivery of this Agreement, any documents required to be filed and recorded, or, which are in the General Partner's discretion, appropriate for filing and recording, under the Delaware Act, and any member of the General Partner, as an authorized person, shall promptly cause each such document to be filed and recorded in accordance with the Delaware Act and, to the extent required by local law, to be filed and recorded or notice thereof to be published in the appropriate place in each State in which the Partnership may hereafter establish a place of business. The General Partner shall also promptly cause to be filed, recorded and published such statements of fictitious business name and other notices, certificates, statements or other instruments required by any provision of any applicable law of the United States or any State or other jurisdiction which governs the conduct of its business from time to time. SECTION 12.08. Power of Attorney. (a) Each Individual Limited Partner does hereby constitute and appoint the General Partner and each member thereof, with full power of substitution, as his true and lawful representative and attorney-in-fact, in his name, place and stead to make, execute, sign, deliver and file the (i) Certificate of Limited Partnership and any amendment thereof required because of an amendment to this Agreement or in order to effectuate any change in the membership of the Partnership, (ii) any amendments to this Agreement in accordance with Section 12.01, (iii) all such other instruments, documents and certificates which may from time to time be required by the laws of the United States of America, the State of Delaware or any other State, or any political subdivision or agency thereof, or any foreign country, to effectuate, implement and continue the valid and subsisting existence of the Partnership or to dissolve the Partnership and (iv) any document, certificate, instrument or agreement necessary or desirable to effectuate the transfer of all or any part of a Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of Articles 3 or 10. Such representatives and attorneys-in-fact shall not have any right, power or authority to amend or modify this Agreement except in accordance with the terms of this Agreement when acting in such capacities. (d) The power of attorney granted pursuant to this Section 12.08 is coupled with an interest and shall survive and not be affected by the subsequent death, incapacity, disability, dissolution, termination or bankruptcy of the Individual Limited Partner granting such power of attorney or the transfer of all or any portion of such Individual Limited Partner's limited partnership interest in the Partnership, and extend to such Individual Limited Partner's successors, assigns and legal representatives. SECTION 12.09. No Bill for Partnership Accounting. Subject to mandatory provisions of law applicable to an Individual Limited Partner and to circumstances 35 involving a breach of this Agreement, each of the Limited Partners covenants that it will not (except with the consent of the General Partner) file a bill for a Partnership accounting. SECTION 12.10. Goodwill. No value shall be placed on the name or goodwill of the Partnership. SECTION 12.11. Notices. All notices, requests and other communications to any party hereunder shall be in writing (including telex, facsimile or similar writing) and shall be given to such party at its address or telex or facsimile number set forth in a schedule filed with the records of the Partnership or such other address or telex or facsimile number as such party may hereafter specify for the purpose by notice in like manner to the General Partner. Each such notice, request or other communication shall be effective (a) if given by telex or facsimile, when such telex or facsimile is transmitted to the telex or facsimile number specified pursuant to this Section 12.11 and the appropriate answerback or confirmation is received, (b) if given by mail, 72 hours after such communication is deposited in the mails with first class postage prepaid, addressed as aforesaid or (c) if given by any other means, when delivered at the address specified pursuant to this Section 12.11. SECTION 12.12. Arbitration. In the event that any dispute arises between an Individual Limited Partner, on the one hand, and Greenhill, the Partnership, the General Partner or any member thereof, on the other hand, relating to or in connection with this Agreement, the Partnership and its business or affairs, the Fund Partnership Agreements or the Funds' business or affairs, such Limited Partner shall attempt to resolve such dispute by discussion and negotiation within thirty days after the date one such party (the "Initiating Party") initially raises such dispute. Any and all disputed issues that are not resolved in writing by the parties during such thirty (30) day period shall be finally settled by binding arbitration to be held in Wilmington, Delaware or New York City, New York in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, as from time to time amended and in effect. The parties to this Agreement hereby waive (and agree to cause their respective Affiliates to waive) any right to refer such dispute or controversy to any other forum or tribunal. The arbitration panel shall be composed of three arbitrators, appointed pursuant to the following procedure. The Initiating Party shall notify the other party (the "Responding Party") of the substance of its claim and the name and address of the arbitrator chosen by the Initiating Party. Within thirty days of receipt of such notification, the Responding Party shall notify the Initiating Party of its answer to the claim made, any counterclaim which it wishes to assert in the arbitration, and the name and address of the arbitrator chosen by the Responding Party. If this is not done by the Responding Party within thirty (30) days, appointment of the second arbitrator shall be made by the American Arbitration Association upon request of the Initiating Party. The arbitrators shall choose a third arbitrator, who shall serve as president of the panel thus composed. If the arbitrators fail to agree upon the choice of a third arbitrator within thirty (30) days from the appointment of the second arbitrator, the 36 third arbitrator will be appointed by the American Arbitration Association upon the request of the arbitrators or either of the parties. In all cases the arbitrators must be persons who are knowledgeable about and have recognized ability and experience in dealing with the subject matter of the dispute. The arbitrators will decide the dispute by majority decision and in accordance with Delaware law. The decision shall be rendered in writing and shall bear the signatures of at least two arbitrators. It also shall identify the members of the arbitration panel, and the time and place of the award granted. Finally, it will determine the expenses of the arbitration and the party who shall be charged therewith or the allocation of the expenses between the parties in the discretion of the panel. The arbitration decision shall be rendered as soon as possible, but in any event not later than six months after the constitution of the arbitration panel. The arbitration decision shall be final and binding upon both parties. Judgment upon any award rendered by the arbitration panel may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof or having jurisdiction over the party against whom enforcement is sought or having jurisdiction over any of such party's assets. To the maximum extent permitted by law, the parties to this Agreement hereby waive (and agree to cause their respective Affiliates to waive) any right of appeal from any judgment rendered upon an award, particularly including (but not limited to) appeals with respect to any question of law. SECTION 12.13. Withholding. The General Partner shall have the right to deduct and withhold from any distributions or other assets any federal, state or local taxes that it determines in good faith to be required by law to be withheld with respect to income allocable to any Limited Partner. SECTION 12.14. Headings. Section and other headings contained in this Agreement are for reference only and are not intended to describe, interpret, define or limit the scope or intent of this Agreement or any provision hereof. ARTICLE 13 CLAWBACK OBLIGATIONS SECTION 13.01. General Partner Clawback. The Partners acknowledge and agree that the Partnership may be obligated to make payments to the Funds under Section 10.04(b) of the Fund Partnership Agreements (the "Clawback Obligation"). The Partnership shall satisfy the Clawback Obligation, (i) first by payment from each Partner's Segregated Account based on each Partner's Pro Rata Share of the Clawback Obligation; and (ii) then, each Partner will be required to make a payment pursuant to Section 13.02 in an amount equal to such Partner's Pro Rata Share of the Clawback Obligation less amounts paid pursuant to clause (i) above. 37 "Pro Rata Share" shall be determined (i) first, based on the amount of each Partner's Loss Amount (or portion thereof attributable to a member of the General Partner) for all Clawback Obligation payments up to an amount equal to the aggregate Loss Amounts and (ii) with respect to any excess, then based on the aggregate Carried Interest distributions theretofore received by each Partner (or member of the General Partner) including amounts held in the Segregated Accounts after giving effect to clause (i) above. SECTION 13.02. Guaranty. (a) Each Partner and each member of the General Partner (each, together with any Person who may hereafter agree to become a guarantor under this Agreement by signing a written instrument expressly agreeing to be so bound, each a "Guarantor," and collectively, the "Guarantors") hereby unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees severally (and not jointly) the full payment in cash, when due, of such Guarantor's Pro Rata Share of the Clawback Obligation, and if for any reason the Partnership (the "Obligor") shall fail fully and punctually to pay the Clawback Obligation, each of the Guarantors shall pay its Pro Rata Share of such Clawback Obligation; provided that (i) the payment obligation of each Guarantor shall be reduced by any amounts applied from such Guarantor's Segregated Account and (ii) the amount payable by each Guarantor shall not exceed the aggregate Carried Interest distributions received by such Guarantor directly or indirectly from the Partnership (or held in such Guarantor's Segregated Account) less the deemed income tax liability (calculated based on the Tax Percentage) on income allocated with respect to such Carried Interest distributions. This Agreement is an absolute, unconditional, continuing guarantee of payment and not of collection, and is in no way conditioned or contingent upon any attempt to collect from the Obligor, enforce performance by the Obligor or on any other condition or contingency. (b) Each guaranty pursuant to paragraph (a) above is expressly for the benefit of the Funds and the limited partners of the Funds (the "Fund Limited Partners") and shall not be impaired, discharged or terminated by any other act or omission that may, in accordance with applicable law, affect the enforceability of a guaranty, and shall not be affected by the bankruptcy, insolvency or inability to pay of the Obligor, a Guarantor or of any other party. (c) Promptly following the determination that a contribution is required to be made by the Obligor pursuant to Section 10.04(b) of the Fund Partnership Agreement, the Obligor shall notify the Guarantors of each Guarantor's Pro Rata Share of the amount of the Clawback Obligation, after application of the amounts in the Segregated Accounts, which shall be payable to the Partnership or as otherwise designated in such notice. When the Clawback Obligation becomes due and payable and the Obligor fails to fully and punctually pay and perform its Clawback Obligation, the Funds or any of the Fund Limited Partners may make demand upon a Guarantor for the payment of such Guarantor's obligations hereunder. 38 (d) To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Guarantor irrevocably waives acceptance hereof, presentment, demand, protest, benefit of order, notice of dishonor and any notice not provided for herein, as well as any requirement that at any time any action be taken by any Person against the Obligor or any other Person. (e) The obligations of each Guarantor under this Agreement shall be unconditional and primary (as though such Guarantor were the maker of its Pro Rata Share of the Clawback Obligation), irrespective of the validity or enforceability of the Clawback Obligation, and shall not be affected by any action taken under the Clawback Obligation in the exercise of any right or remedy therein conferred, or by any failure or omission on the part of the Funds or the Fund Limited Partners to enforce any right given thereunder or hereunder or any remedy therein conferred, or by any failure or omission on the part of the Funds or the Fund Limited Partners to enforce any right given thereunder or hereunder or any remedy conferred thereby or hereby, or by any waiver of any term, covenant, agreement or condition of the Clawback Obligation or this Agreement, or by any other circumstance which may or might be in any manner or to any extent vary the risk of any Guarantor hereunder. (f) Except for the addition of Guarantors set forth in the following sentence, this Article 13 may not be amended except with the written consent of the Required Limited Partners and the unanimous consent of the Guarantors. The Obligor hereby agrees that it will not admit any Person as a Partner and the General Partner hereby agrees that it will not permit any Person to become entitled to any share of its distributions unless such Person shall have first executed a supplement hereto pursuant to which such Person agrees to become a Guarantor hereunder and to be bound by the provisions of this Article 13. 39 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have hereto set their hands as of the day and year first above written. By: GCP, LLC as general partner By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ----------------------------- Name: Robert H. Niehaus Title: Senior Member By: Greenhill & Co., LLC as limited partner By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ---------------------------- Name: Robert H. Niehaus Title: Managing Director 40 Individual Limited Partner Signature Page for GCP, L.P. Individual Limited Partner: /s/ Jeffrey F. Buckalew ---------------------------- Name: Jeffrey F. Buckalew Individual Limited Partner Commencement Date: Address for Notices: 125 West 76th Street - Apt. 5B New York, NY 10023 Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ------------------------ Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member Individual Limited Partner Signature Page for GCP, L.P. Individual Limited Partner: /s/ Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. ------------------------------ Name: Harold J. Rodriguez, Jr. Individual Limited Partner Commencement Date: Address for Notices: 896 Burr Street Fairfield, CT 06430 Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ----------------------- Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member Individual Limited Partner Signature Page for GCP, L.P. Individual Limited Partner: /s/ Jeffrey P. Williams ------------------------------ Name: Jeffrey P. Williams Individual Limited Partner Commencement Date: Address for Notices: 31 W 52nd St. 16th Floor New York, NY 10019 Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus -------------------------- Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member Individual Limited Partner Signature Page for GCP, L.P. Individual Limited Partner: /s/ Timothy M. Dwyer ------------------------------ Name: Timothy M. Dwyer Individual Limited Partner Commencement Date: Address for Notices: 73 Bellevue Avenue Rye, New York 10550 Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus -------------------------- Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member Individual Limited Partner Signature Page for GCP, L.P. Individual Limited Partner: /s/ James Blyth ------------------------------ Name: James Blyth Individual Limited Partner Commencement Date: Address for Notices: Greenhill & Co. 56-58 Conduit Street London WIR 9FD U.K. Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus -------------------------- Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member Individual Limited Partner Signature Page for GCP, L.P. Individual Limited Partner: /s/ James Lupton ------------------------------ Name: James Lupton Individual Limited Partner Commencement Date: Address for Notices: Greenhill & Co. 56-58 Conduit Street London WIR 9FD U.K. Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus -------------------------- Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member Individual Limited Partner Signature Page for GCP, L.P. Individual Limited Partner: /s/ Peter C. Krause ------------------------------ Name: Peter C. Krause Individual Limited Partner Commencement Date: Address for Notices: Greenhill & Co., LLC 16th Floor 31 W. 52nd Street New York, NY 10019 Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus -------------------------- Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member Individual Limited Partner Signature Page for GCP, L.P. Individual Limited Partner: /s/ Simon Borrows ------------------------------ Name: Simon Borrows Individual Limited Partner Commencement Date: Address for Notices: 56-58 Conduit Street London WIR 9FD U.K. Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus -------------------------- Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member Signature Page for Members of GCP, LLC The undersigned hereby agrees to become a Guarantor under Article 13 and to be bound by the provisions thereof. /s/ Robert F. Greenhill ------------------------------ Name: Robert F. Greenhill Address for Notices: Greenhill & Co., LLC 31 West 52nd Street, 16th Floor New York, NY 10019 Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus -------------------------- Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member Signature Page for Members of GCP, LLC The undersigned hereby agrees to become a Guarantor under Article 13 and to be bound by the provisions thereof. /s/ Scott L. Bok ------------------------------ Name: Scott L. Bok Address for Notices: Greenhill & Co., LLC 31 West 52nd Street, 16th Floor New York, NY 10019 Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus -------------------------- Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member Signature Page for Members of GCP, LLC The undersigned hereby agrees to become a Guarantor under Article 13 and to be bound by the provisions thereof. /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ------------------------------ Name: Robert H. Niehaus Address for Notices: Greenhill Capital Partners 31 West 52nd Street, 16th Floor New York, NY 10019 Accepted: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus -------------------------- Name: Robert Niehaus Title: Senior Member APPENDIX A DEFINITIONS "Advisers Act" means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended from time to time. "Advisory Committee" means the committee of Limited Partners described in Section 2.03. "Advisory Limited Partner" means each of the members of Greenhill who is predominantly engaged in the advisory business. "Affiliate" of any Person means any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such Person. The term "control" means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. "Agreement" means this Agreement of Limited Partnership, as amended from time to time. "Allocation Schedule" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(a). "Annual Allocation Date" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(a). "Authorized Representative" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.08(a). "Business Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York City are authorized by law to close. "Capital Account" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.04. "Capital Commitment" means with respect to each of the Partners whose names appear on Schedule III, the amount set forth opposite the name of such Partner on Schedule III. "Capital Contribution" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01. "Carried Interest" means the Carried Interest (as defined in the Fund Partnership Agreements) that may be distributed to the Partnership, as general partner of the Funds. "Carried Interest Annual Pool" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02. A-1 "Carried Interest Points" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(a). "Carried Interest Share" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(a). "Carry Participating Partner" means, with respect to any Individual Carry Annual Pool, any Partner who has an Annual Interest in such Annual Pool. "Carry Vested Percentage" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05. "Cause" means (i) any act or omission which constitutes a breach by the Individual Limited Partner of the Individual Limited Partner's obligations to the Partnership or Greenhill or any of its Affiliates or the failure or refusal of the Individual Limited Partner to perform satisfactorily any duties reasonably required of the Individual Limited Partner, which breach, failure or refusal is not corrected (other than failure to correct by reason of the incapacity of the Individual Limited Partner due to physical or mental illness) within 10 Business Days after written notification thereof to the Individual Limited Partner by the Partnership or Greenhill or any of its Affiliates, (ii) the commission by the Individual Limited Partner of any dishonest or fraudulent act injurious to the interests or business reputation of any of the Partnership or Greenhill, or any of its Affiliates, (iii) any other act or omission which is materially injurious to the interests or business reputation of any of the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates, or (iv) a substantial violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which the Partnership or Greenhill or any of its Affiliates is a member or of any policy of the Partnership or Greenhill or any of its Affiliates relating to compliance with any of the foregoing. "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. "Company" has the meaning set forth in the Recitals of this Agreement. "Contributing Partners" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01. "Conversion" has the meaning set forth in the Recitals of this Agreement. "Delaware Act" has the meaning set forth in the Recitals of this Agreement. "Elimination Event" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(d). "ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time. "Forfeited Carried Interest Points" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(c) A-2 "Forfeited Interest Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.02(b). "Forfeiture Event" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(c). "Fully Reduced Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.06(d). "Fund Investment" means, with respect to any Fund, any Investment (as defined in the applicable Fund Partnership Agreement) made by such Fund pursuant to such Fund Partnership Agreement. "Fund Partnership Agreements" means the agreement of limited partnership of each of the Funds, as amended and in effect from time to time. "Fund Partnership Expenses" means any Partnership Expenses (as defined in any Fund Partnership Agreement). "Funds" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.04. "General Partner" means GCP, LLC, or any other Person who, at such time, has been admitted as a general partner of the Partnership, in such Person's capacity as general partner of the Partnership. "Greenhill" means Greenhill & Co., LLC. "Indemnification Obligation" has the meaning set forth in Section 8.01(b). "Indemnified Person" means each Individual Limited Partner, and each member of the General Partner whether in such Person's capacity as a Limited Partner, a member of the General Partner, or a director, officer, stockholder, employee, agent or representative of the Partnership, the General Partner or of Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates. "Individual Limited Partner" means, at any time, any Advisory Limited Partner or Private Equity Limited Partner (including any such Person who has become a Special Limited Partner in accordance with this Agreement) who is at such time a Limited Partner of the Partnership and who is shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership, each in its capacity as a limited partner of the Partnership. "Initial Contributing Partners" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.03(e). "Initiating Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 12.12. A-3 "Investment Company Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time. "Investment Expense" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.01. "Investment Percentage" means, with respect to any Contributing Partner, the percentage derived by dividing (i) such Contributing Partner's aggregate Capital Contributions by (ii) the aggregate Capital Contributions of all Contributing Partners. "Investor" means each or any investor in any Partnership or Fund Investment. "Limited Partner" means, at any time, any Person who is at such time a limited partner of the Partnership and shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership, in such Person's capacity as limited partner of the Partnership. "Majority Individual Limited Partners" means, at any time and with respect to a matter, Individual Limited Partners entitled to vote on such matter holding at such time more than 50% of all of the Carried Interest Points of all Individual Limited Partners entitled to vote on such matter (and present for purposes of a quorum, if applicable) at such time. "Member" has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement. "Net Income" has the meaning set forth in the applicable Partnership Agreement. "Net Loss" has the meaning set forth in the applicable Partnership Agreement. "Partially Reduced Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(c) "Participation Percentage" means, with respect to any Carry Participating Partner and any Fund Investment, such Carry Participating Partner's share of the Carried Interest Share arising from such Fund Investment as determined in the manner set forth in Section 3.02. "Partner" means the General Partner or any Limited Partner, and "Partners" means, collectively, the General Partner and the Limited Partners. "Partnership" means GCP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, as such limited partnership may from time to time be constituted. "Partnership Expenses" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.01. A-4 "Person" means any individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, trust, estate or designated beneficiary or other entity. "Portfolio Company" means, with respect to any Fund Investment, any Person that is the issuer of the equity securities, debt securities or other securities that are the subject of such Fund Investment. "Private Equity Limited Partners" means those Partners who are not Advisory Limited Partners. "Proceeding" means any action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding by or before any court, arbitrator, governmental body or other agency. "Proceeds" means, with respect to any Fund Investment, all cash and non-cash proceeds received by the Partnership from any sale of, or distribution from, such Fund Investment, including any dividends, interest or other distributions received by the Partnership in respect of such Fund Investment (net of any sales commissions, fees or other Investment Expense incurred, directly or indirectly, by the Partnership in connection with such receipt). "Proprietary Information" means any information that may have intrinsic value to the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates, clients or other parties with which the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates has a relationship, or that may provide the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates with a competitive advantage, including, without limitation, any trade secrets; formulas; flow charts; computer programs, access codes or other systems information; algorithms; business, product or marketing plans; sales and other forecasts; financial information; client lists; and information relating to compensation and benefits; provided that such Proprietary Information does not include any information which is available to the general public or is generally available within the relevant business or industry other than as a result of the Individual Limited Partner's action. Proprietary Information may be in any medium or form, including without limitation, physical documents, computer files or discs, videotapes, audiotapes, and oral communications. "Reallocated Carried Interest Points" means Carried Interest Points which have been reallocated in accordance with Section 3.02. "Required Partners" means, with respect to a fiscal year, both (i) Partners having a majority of the Carried Interest Points awarded for such year and (ii) the General Partner. "Reserved Carried Interest Points" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(c). "Responding Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 12.12. A-5 "Segregated Account" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.02(a). "Special Limited Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(a). "Substituted Limited Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.02. "Tax Matters Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.07(c). "Transfers" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.01(a). "Vested Carried Interest Points" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(c). A-6 SCHEDULE II Assignment of Carried Interest Points Date of Assignment: ------------------- Individual Limited Partner: Calendar Year Covered: January 1, to December 31, ---- ---- Investment* Carried Interest Points ---------- * To be specified either on an annual basis for all investments made during the year or on an investment-by-investment basis. S-2
Exhibit 10.16 THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY INTERESTS EVIDENCED BY THIS AGREEMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OR FOREIGN JURISDICTION AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED WITHOUT COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE FEDERAL, STATE OR FOREIGN SECURITIES LAWS. IN ADDITION, TRANSFER OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY INTERESTS IS RESTRICTED AS PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT. GCP, LLC LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT dated as of June 27, 2000 among Greenhill & Co., LLC and the Individual Members ARTICLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 1.01. Definitions.......................................................1 SECTION 1.02. Formation of the Company..........................................1 SECTION 1.03. Name of the Company...............................................1 SECTION 1.04. Purposes of the Company and Powers................................2 SECTION 1.05. Office; Registered Agent..........................................2 SECTION 1.06. Title to Company Property.........................................2 SECTION 1.07. Filing of Certificates............................................3 SECTION 1.08. Admission of Members..............................................3 SECTION 1.09. Subsequent Admission of Individual Members........................3 ARTICLE 2 GOVERNANCE; MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF THE COMPANY SECTION 2.01. Management of the Company.........................................4 SECTION 2.02. The Management Board..............................................4 SECTION 2.03. Procedures relating to the Management Board.......................4 SECTION 2.04. Meetings of the Management Board..................................5 SECTION 2.05. Quorum; Voting....................................................5 SECTION 2.06. Powers of the Management Board....................................5 SECTION 2.07. Operations Committee..............................................7 SECTION 2.08. Transactions with Affiliates......................................7 SECTION 2.09. Other Activities..................................................7 SECTION 2.10. Books and Records; Accounting Method; Fiscal Year.................8 SECTION 2.11. Partnership for Tax Purposes; Company Tax Returns.................8 SECTION 2.12. Confidentiality...................................................9 SECTION 2.13. Investment of Funds..............................................10 SECTION 2.14. Other Authority..................................................11 ARTICLE 3 CARRIED INTEREST POINTS; CERTAIN OTHER MATTERS SECTION 3.01. General Provisions...............................................11 SECTION 3.02. Assignment of Carried Interest Points............................12 SECTION 3.03. Pro Rata Dilution................................................13 SECTION 3.04. No Right to Continued Employment.................................14 SECTION 3.05. Effect of Termination of Employment..............................14 SECTION 3.06. Other Provisions Relating to Special Members.....................16 ARTICLE 4 EXPENSES SECTION 4.01. Definition of Expenses...........................................17 SECTION 4.02. Responsibility for Company Expenses among the Members............17 2ARTICLE 5 CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS SECTION 5.01. Capital Contributions............................................17 SECTION 5.02. Payment of Capital Contributions.................................17 ARTICLE 6 CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; ALLOCATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS SECTION 6.01. Principles of Distributions Attributable to Invested Capital.....18 SECTION 6.02. Principles of Distributions Attributable to Carried Interest.....18 SECTION 6.03. Other Provisions Relating to Distributions.......................18 SECTION 6.04. Capital Accounts; Adjustments to Capital Accounts................19 SECTION 6.05. Tax Allocations..................................................20 SECTION 6.06. Foreign Currency Considerations..................................21 SECTION 6.07. Loans and Withdrawal of Amounts Allocated to Capital Accounts....21 SECTION 6.08. Repayment of Certain Distributions...............................21 ARTICLE 7 REPORTS TO INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS SECTION 7.01. Reports..........................................................21 ARTICLE 8 LIABILITY; EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION SECTION 8.01. Liability for Debts of the Company; Limited Liability............22 SECTION 8.02. Exculpation and Indemnification..................................22 ARTICLE 9 DURATION AND DISSOLUTION OF THE COMPANY SECTION 9.01. Duration.........................................................24 SECTION 9.02. Dissolution......................................................24 SECTION 9.03. Liquidation of Company...........................................25 SECTION 9.04. Distribution upon Dissolution of the Company.....................25 SECTION 9.05. Resignation of Individual Members................................26 ARTICLE 10 TRANSFERABILITY OF A MEMBER'S INTEREST SECTION 10.01. Restrictions on Transfer.........................................26 SECTION 10.02. Expenses of Transfer; Indemnification............................26 SECTION 10.03. Recognition of Transfer; Substituted Members.....................26 ARTICLE 11 MISCELLANEOUS SECTION 11.01. Entire Agreement; Amendments; Waivers; Termination...............28 SECTION 11.02. Mergers and Consolidations.......................................28 3SECTION 11.03. Investment Representation........................................29 SECTION 11.04. Successors; Counterparts.........................................29 SECTION 11.05. Governing Law; Severability......................................29 SECTION 11.06. Further Assurance................................................29 SECTION 11.07. Filings..........................................................29 SECTION 11.08. Power of Attorney................................................30 SECTION 11.09. No Bill for Company Accounting...................................30 SECTION 11.10. Goodwill.........................................................30 SECTION 11.11. Notices..........................................................30 SECTION 11.12. Arbitration......................................................31 SECTION 11.13. No Partnership Intended for Non-tax Purposes.....................32 SECTION 11.14. Withholding......................................................32 SECTION 11.15. Headings.........................................................32 Appendix A Definitions.....................................................A-1 Schedule I Allocation of Carried Interest Points...........................S-1 Schedule II Assignment of Carried Interest Points...........................S-2 Schedule III Required Capital Contributions..................................S-3 LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT OF GCP, LLC (a limited liability company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware) LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT dated and effective as of June 27, 2000 of GCP, LLC among Greenhill & Co., LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Greenhill"), the Individual Members party hereto and any Individual Members who become parties hereto after the date hereof pursuant to Section 1.09, each in the capacity as a Member. WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Greenhill and the Individual Members wish to associate themselves as members of the Company and to form the Company as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Delaware and on the terms set forth in this Agreement; NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows: ARTICLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 1.01. Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein without definition have the meanings assigned to them in Appendix A hereto. SECTION 1.02. Formation of the Company. The Company was formed upon the filing of the Company's certificate of formation (such certificate, as amended or restated, the "Certificate of Limited Liability Company") in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on, 2000 under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act 6 Del. Sections 18-101, et seq. (as amended from time to time, the "Delaware Act"). Effective upon the execution hereof, the rights, duties and obligations of the Members shall be as provided in this Agreement and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, in the Delaware Act. SECTION 1.03. Name of the Company. The name of the Company is GCP, LLC. The business of the Company shall be conducted under such name or such other names (upon notice to all the Members) as the Management Board may from time to time determine.SECTION 1.04. Purposes of the Company and Powers. The Company is formed for the object and purpose of, and the nature of the business to be conducted and promoted by the Company is engaging in, any lawful act or activity for which limited liability companies may be formed under the Delaware Act and engaging in any and all activities necessary or incidental to the foregoing. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the purpose of the Company is also to act as the general partner of GCP, L.P. (the "Partnership"), which is the general partner of each of Greenhill Capital Partners, L.P., Greenhill Capital Partners (Cayman) L.P., Greenhill Capital Partners (Executives), L.P., and Greenhill Capital, L.P. (individually, a "Fund" and collectively the "Funds"). In furtherance of its purposes, (a) the Company shall have and may exercise all of the powers now or hereafter conferred by Delaware law on limited liability companies formed under the Delaware Act, including without limitation, all of the powers that may be exercised on behalf of the Company by any of its Members, and (b) the Company shall have the power to do any and all acts necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable, incidental or convenient to or for the protection and benefit of the Company. SECTION 1.05. Office; Registered Agent. (a) The Company's registered agent and office in the State of Delaware shall be The Corporation Trust Company, Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19801. (b) The business address of the Company shall be 31 West 52nd Street, New York, New York 10019, or (upon notice to all the Members) such other address as may be designated by the Management Board. SECTION 1.06. Title to Company Property.(a) All property of the Company, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible, shall be owned by the Company as an entity, and no Member, individually, shall have any direct ownership interest in such property. Title to all such property shall be held in the name of the Company and all securities shall be registered in the name of the Company. (b) The Company shall, subject to the terms of this Agreement, be the exclusive beneficial holder of all securities and other property acquired in connection with any investment made by the Company and of any property transferred to the Company, and the Company shall make any such filings as may be required or desirable in connection therewith. (c) Any and all rights, including, without limitation, voting rights, rights to consent to, object to or grant waivers with respect to partnership, limited liability company and corporate action, rights to sell, transfer or encumber any securities or other property held by the Company and any rights arising out of or relating to any documents the Company is party to, including the right to consent to or object to any proposed amendment or modification thereof or waiver thereunder, shall be vested exclusively in the Company and shall be exercised only by the Company and no Member either alone or 2 acting with one or more other Members shall have any such rights with respect to such securities or property. SECTION 1.07. Filing of Certificates. Each Senior Member and each Person authorized by the Management Board is hereby designated as an authorized person, within the meaning of the Delaware Act, to execute, deliver and file, or to cause the execution, delivery and filing of, the Certificate of Formation of the Company (and any amendments or restatements thereof) and all other certificates required or permitted by the Delaware Act to be filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and any other certificates, notices, statements or other instruments (and any amendments or restatements thereof) necessary or advisable for the formation of the Company or the operation of the Company in all jurisdictions where the Company may elect to do business. SECTION 1.08. Admission of Members. Greenhill and each Individual Member whose name appears on Schedule I shall be admitted to the Company on the date hereof as a Member (and shall be shown as such on the books and records of the Company) upon the execution and delivery by (or, pursuant to a power-of-attorney, on behalf of) such Member and a Senior Member on behalf of the Management Board of counterparts of this Agreement. SECTION 1.09. Subsequent Admission of Individual Members. (a) At any time, the Management Board may cause the Company to admit additional Persons as Individual Members; provided that no Person may be admitted to the Company if, as a result of such admission, the Company or the Partnership or any Fund would not be exempt from the provisions of the Investment Company Act. A Person shall become an Individual Member (and shall be shown as such on the books and records of the Company) upon execution and delivery by (or, pursuant to a power-of-attorney, on behalf of) such Person and a Senior Member on behalf of the Management Board of counterparts of this Agreement. The admission of any additional Individual Member to the Company pursuant to this Section 1.09 shall not require the approval of any Individual Member existing immediately prior to such admission. (b) The Individual Members shall share in distributions or items of income or gain of the Company attributable to any Partnership Investment made prior to the date such Person becomes an Individual Member to the extent set forth in Articles 3 and 6. (c) No additional Individual Member shall be admitted to the Company if the admission of such Individual Member would, in the judgment of the Management Board (i) jeopardize the status of the Company as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes, (ii) cause a dissolution of the Company under the Delaware Act, (iii) cause the Company's assets to be deemed "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, (iv) cause the Company to be an "investment company" within the meaning of the Investment Company Act (except for purposes of Section 12(d)(1) thereunder), (v) cause the Company to be in 3 violation of the Advisers Act, or (vi) violate, or cause the Company to violate, any applicable law or regulation, including any applicable federal or state securities laws. (d) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, each Member hereby approves of any amendment of this Agreement and of the Certificate of Limited Liability Company necessary to effect the admission of any Person as a Member pursuant to Section 1.08 or this Section 1.09 or Article 10. Any amendment to this Agreement permitted under this paragraph (d) may be executed by a Senior Member on behalf of each other Member pursuant to the Power of Attorney given by each other Member to the Senior Members pursuant to Section 11.08. ARTICLE 2 GOVERNANCE; MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF THE COMPANY SECTION 2.01. Management of the Company. The business and affairs of the Company shall be managed by and under the direction of a board established pursuant to, and with the powers and authority set forth in, this Article 2 (the "Management Board"). Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Management Board shall have complete and exclusive discretion in the management and control of the affairs and business of the Company, and shall possess all powers necessary, convenient or appropriate to carrying out the purposes and business of the Company and to perform all acts and enter into and perform all contracts and other undertakings that it may deem necessary or advisable or incidental thereto, including doing all things and taking all actions necessary to carry out the terms and provisions of this Agreement (and is hereby authorized and directed, on behalf of the Company, to do all such things and to take all such actions without any further act, vote, consent or approval of any Member). Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Management Board may delegate such general or specific authority to officers, Members, employees or agents of the Company as the Management Board considers desirable from time to time, and such officers, Members, employees or agents of the Company may, subject to any restraints or limitations imposed by the Management Board, exercise the authority granted to them. SECTION 2.02. The Management Board. The Management Board shall be initially comprised of Robert H. Niehaus, Robert F. Greenhill and Scott L. Bok (each, so long as such Person is a Managing Director of Greenhill, a "Senior Member") and, thereafter, the Management Board may appoint one or more additional members. SECTION 2.03. Procedures relating to the Management Board. (a) Any Management Board member may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Management Board. A resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified 4 therein, immediately upon its receipt, and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. (b) Each Senior Member shall serve on the Management Board for so long as he is a Managing Director of Greenhill. (c) Any Management Board member, other than a Senior Member, may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of each of the Senior Members. A Management Board member whose employment with the Company or Greenhill is terminated for any reason shall be replaced by a Person designated by the Management Board. SECTION 2.04. Meetings of the Management Board. The Management Board shall hold regular meetings at such time and place as shall be determined by the Management Board. No advance notice of any meeting shall be required and all meetings may be held by telephone, video conference or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear one another, and such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. SECTION 2.05. Quorum; Voting. A quorum for any meeting of the Management Board shall be constituted by at least 75% of the Management Board members; provided that each of the Senior Members shall be required to constitute a quorum. The affirmative vote of each of the Senior Members shall be required for any act or decision of the Management Board; provided that, if the Management Board consists of other Persons in addition to the Senior Members, then the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the members of the Management Board shall also be required for any act or decision thereof. Each member of the Management Board may authorize another person or persons to vote and act for such member by proxy, and such person or persons holding such proxy shall be counted towards the determination of whether a quorum of the Management Board is present. SECTION 2.06. Powers of the Management Board. Without limiting the generality of the authority of the Management Board set forth in Section 2.01, the Management Board hereby is authorized and empowered in the name and on behalf of the Company and to the extent applicable and permitted under this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement: (a) to serve as the general partner of the Partnership and, with respect to the Partnership, exercise such powers as are conferred on the general partner under the Partnership Agreement, unless otherwise specifically provided herein; (b) to acquire and hold the Company's general partner interest in the Partnership, and to sell, transfer, exchange, or otherwise dispose of such interest, and otherwise to exercise all rights, powers, privileges, options and other incidents of 5 ownership or possession with respect to such interest or any other assets or property held or owned by the Company or the Partnership; (c) to employ attorneys and accountants of the Company, which attorneys and accountants may also serve as counsel and auditors to the Partnership or any of their respective Affiliates; (d) to deposit the funds of the Company in the Company name in any bank or trust company and to entrust to any such bank or trust company any of the securities, monies, documents and papers belonging to or relating to the Company, or to deposit in and entrust to any brokerage firm that is a member of any national securities exchange any of said funds, securities, monies, documents and papers; (e) to set aside funds for reasonable reserves, reasonably anticipated contingencies and reasonable working capital in the Company and the Partnership; (f) to make such elections under the Code and other relevant tax laws as to the treatment of items of Company income, gain, loss and deduction, and as to all other relevant matters, as the Management Board deems necessary, appropriate or advisable, including elections referred to in Section 754 of the Code, and a determination of which items of cash outlay are to be capitalized or treated as current expenses; (g) to sue, prosecute, settle or compromise all claims against third parties, to compromise, settle or accept judgment in respect of claims against the Company and to execute all documents and make all representations, admissions and waivers in connection therewith; (h) to enter into, make and perform all contracts, agreements, instruments and other undertakings as the Management Board may determine to be necessary, advisable or incidental to carrying out of the objects and purposes of the Company; (i) to cause the execution and delivery of such documents and performance of such acts consistent with the terms of this Agreement as may be necessary to comply with the requirements of law for the formation, qualification and operation of a limited liability company under the laws of each jurisdiction in which the Management Board determines it is necessary or advisable for the Company to conduct business; and (j) to do and perform everything that may be necessary, advisable, suitable or proper for the conduct of the Company's business for the carrying out of the purposes and objects hereinbefore enumerated, including the delegation to any Person or Persons of such functions and authorities as the Management Board may determine. Any Person not a party to this Agreement dealing with the Company shall be entitled to rely conclusively upon the power and authority of the Management Board, as 6 evidenced by the signature of any Senior Member, to bind the Company in all respects, and to authorize the execution of any and all agreements, instruments and other writings on behalf of and in the name of the Company as and to the extent set forth in this Agreement. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company, and any Senior Member on behalf of the Company, may execute, deliver and perform the Partnership Agreement, the Management Agreement among Greenhill Management Co., LLC and the Funds, and any amendments to such documents, all without any further act, vote or approval of any Member or other Person. Robert H. Niehaus is hereby authorized to enter into and perform on behalf of the Company the documents described in the immediately preceding sentence, but such authorization shall not be deemed a restriction on the power of a Senior Member to enter into other documents on behalf of the Company (subject to any other restrictions expressly set forth in this Agreement). SECTION 2.07. Operations Committee. The Management Board will meet regularly with the Advisory Committee of the Partnership to evaluate and discuss potential investments and to review the performance of existing investments of the Funds. SECTION 2.08. Transactions with Affiliates. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Company is hereby authorized to purchase property, securities, options or other assets from, sell property, securities, options or other assets to, borrow funds from, or otherwise deal with, Greenhill (acting other than in its capacity as a Member), any Affiliate of Greenhill, any Person in which a Partnership or Fund Investment has been or is proposed to be made, any Person having an interest in such Partnership or Fund Investment (or any underlying assets) or any Affiliate of any such Persons; provided that (i) any such dealing (A) shall be on terms no less favorable to the Company than would be available from unaffiliated Persons and (B) shall not otherwise be in violation of this Agreement. In connection with any services performed by any Affiliate of Greenhill for the Company, such Affiliate shall be entitled to be compensated by the Company for such services to the extent such compensation is a Company Expense, and the amount of such compensation shall be determined by the Management Board in its discretion; provided that such compensation at any time shall not exceed the amount such Affiliate would customarily receive from third parties as compensation at such time for the performance of similar services. Each Individual Member acknowledges and agrees that the purchase or sale of property or other assets, the performance of services, other dealings or the receipt of compensation may give rise to conflicts of interest between the Company and the Individual Members, on the one hand, and Greenhill or any Affiliate of Greenhill, on the other hand. SECTION 2.09. Other Activities. (a) The Senior Members shall be required to devote such time to the affairs of the Company as may be necessary to manage and operate the Company. 7 (b) Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to prohibit or otherwise limit any Individual Member (or Affiliate thereof) from entering into transactions with the Company, making investments in Persons or assets in which Partnership or Fund Investments have been or are proposed to be made, in Persons having an interest in such Partnership or Fund Investments (or any underlying assets) or in any Affiliates of any such Persons or providing financing to any such Person. SECTION 2.10. Books and Records; Accounting Method; Fiscal Year. (a) The Management Board shall keep or cause to be kept at the address of the Company (or at such other place as shall be notified to the Members in writing) full and accurate books and records of the Company. Each Member shall be shown as a Member on such books and records. Subject to Section 2.10(b), such books and records shall be available, upon 10 Business Days' notice to the Management Board, for inspection at the offices of the Company at reasonable times during business hours on any Business Day by each Member or his duly authorized agents or representatives for a purpose reasonably related to such Individual Member's interest as a Member. (b) Each Individual Member agrees that (i) the books and records of the Company contain confidential information relating to the Company and its affairs and (ii) except for information otherwise required to be provided or made available to Individual Members pursuant to this Agreement, the Management Board may, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, keep confidential from the Individual Members any information (excluding any financial statements of the Company and underlying documentation supporting such financial statements) the disclosure of which the Management Board reasonably believes is adverse to the interests of the Company (including information relating to any Partnership or Fund Investment or underlying assets or any Person that is, directly or indirectly, the subject of any Partnership or Fund Investment) or which the Company, Greenhill or the Management Board is required by law, agreement or otherwise to keep confidential. (c) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Company's books of account shall be kept on the same basis followed by the Company for federal income tax purposes. SECTION 2.11. Partnership for Tax Purposes; Company Tax Returns. (a) The Members agree that it is their intention that the Company shall be treated as a partnership for purposes of United States federal, state and local income tax laws, and further agree not to take any position or make any election, in a tax return or otherwise, inconsistent therewith. In furtherance of the foregoing, the Company will file an information return as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes. If a change in applicable law (including a revenue ruling, revenue procedure or other administrative pronouncement) would cause the Company not to be treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes, the Members shall endeavor in good faith to reach an agreement on restructuring the Company so that it will be so treated (which may, subject to the 8 following proviso, entail a merger of the Company into an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes); provided that no Member shall be required to agree to any restructuring that it reasonably determines would have an adverse effect on the assets, properties, business or condition, or otherwise would be adverse to the interests of or cause the incurrence of any material expenditure by, such Member or any Affiliate of such Member. (b) The Management Board shall cause to be prepared and timely filed all tax returns required to be filed for the Company. The Management Board may, in its discretion, make, or refrain from making, any federal, state or local income or other tax elections for the Company that it deems necessary or advisable, including an election pursuant to Code Section 754. (c) The Senior Managing Member is hereby designated as the Company's "Tax Matters Partner" under Code Section 6231(a)(7). The Tax Matters Partner is specifically directed and authorized to take whatever steps the Management Board, in its discretion, deems necessary or desirable to perfect such designation, including filing any forms or documents with the Internal Revenue Service and taking such other action as may from time to time be required under Treasury regulations. Expenses incurred by the Tax Matters Partner, in its capacity as such, will be Company Expenses. Any Member shall have the right to participate in any administrative proceedings relating to the determination of Company items at the Company level. Each Individual Member that elects to participate in such proceedings shall be responsible for any expenses incurred by such Individual Member in connection with such participation. Further, an Individual Member shall notify the Tax Matters Partner in a timely manner of its intention to: (i) file a notice of inconsistent treatment under Code Section 6222(b); (ii) file a request for administrative adjustment of Company items; (iii) file a petition with respect to any Company item or other tax matters involving the Company; or (iv) enter into a settlement agreement with the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to any Company items. Upon any such notification, the Tax Matters Partner may, if it agrees with the Individual Member's position, elect (at its discretion) to make such filing or enter into such agreement, as applicable and practicable, on behalf of the Company. The expenses in connection with any resulting audits or adjustments of an Individual Member's tax return shall be borne solely by the affected Individual Member. (d) The Management Board may, in its discretion, take appropriate steps on behalf of the Company that it deems necessary or advisable to comply with the laws of non-U.S. jurisdictions. SECTION 2.12. Confidentiality. (a) Each Individual Member agrees to keep confidential, and not to make any use of (other than for purposes reasonably related to his interest in the Company or for purposes of filing such Individual Member's tax returns or for other routine matters required by law) nor to disclose to any Person (other than to appropriate employees of Greenhill or its Affiliates associated with the business of the 9 Company), any Proprietary Information or any other information or matter relating to the Company, the Partnership or the Funds and any of their respective affairs or to any Partnership or Fund Investment (other than disclosure to employees, agents, advisors, or representatives of the Company responsible for matters relating to the Company (each such Person being hereinafter referred to as an "Authorized Representative")); provided that such Individual Member and such Authorized Representatives may make such disclosure to the extent that the information being disclosed is publicly known at the time of proposed disclosure by such Individual Member or Authorized Representative, the information subsequently becomes publicly known through no act or omission of such Individual Member or Authorized Representative, such disclosure, in the written opinion of legal counsel of such Individual Member reasonably acceptable to the Management Board, is required by law or regulation or by any regulatory authority or self-regulatory organization having jurisdiction over such Individual Member or such disclosure is approved in advance by the Management Board. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Management Board may disclose to the Limited Partners such information relating to the Company, the Partnership or the Funds as may be required by the Partnership Agreement. Prior to making any disclosure required by law, regulation, regulatory authority or self-regulatory organization, each Individual Member shall notify the Management Board of such disclosure and deliver to the Management Board the opinion referred to above. Prior to any disclosure to any Authorized Representative, each Individual Member shall advise such Authorized Representative of the obligations set forth in this Section 2.12(a) and obtain the agreement of such Person to be bound by the terms of such obligation. (b) The obligations of each Individual Member under this Section 2.12 shall survive for a period of five years after the date such Individual Member ceases to be a Member. If the Company is dissolved, the obligation of each Individual Member under this Section 2.12 who is an Individual Member at the time of such dissolution shall survive for a period of five years thereafter. (c) Each party acknowledges and agrees that the covenants contained in this Section 2.12 have been negotiated in good faith by the parties hereto, are reasonable and are not more restrictive or broader than are necessary to protect the interests of the Members and the Company, and would not achieve their intended purpose if they were on different terms or for periods of time shorter than the periods of time provided herein. Each party further acknowledges and agrees that the business of the Company, the Partnership and the Funds is highly competitive, that no party hereto would enter into this Agreement but for the covenants contained in this Section 2.12 and that such covenants are essential to protect the value of the business of the Company, the Partnership and the Funds. SECTION 2.13. Investment of Funds. Cash held by the Company, including all amounts being held by the Company for future investment in Partnership Investments, payment of expenses or distributions to Members may be invested in such instruments as 10 the Management Board, or any Person which it has retained to manage such cash, in its discretion deems appropriate. SECTION 2.14. Other Authority. The Members agree to use their best efforts to operate the Company in such a way that (i) the Company, the Partnership and the Funds would be exempt from the provisions of the Investment Company Act, (ii) none of the Company's assets would be deemed to be "plan assets" for purposes of Section 4975 of the Code or ERISA, (iii) the Company would be in compliance with the Advisers Act, and (iv) the Company would be in compliance with any other material law, regulation, order or guideline applicable to the Company. The Management Board is hereby authorized to take any action it has determined in good faith to be necessary or desirable in order for (i) the Company's assets not to be "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, (ii) the Company, the Partnership and the Funds to be exempt from the provisions of the Investment Company Act, (iii) the Company not to be in violation of the Advisers Act and (iv) the Company not to be in violation of any other material law, regulation, order or guideline applicable to the Company, including, in each case, (x) making any structural, operating or other changes in the Company by amending this Agreement, (y) requiring the sale in whole or in part of an Individual Member's limited liability company interest in the Company with respect to or as a result of whom such violation arose, or otherwise causing the withdrawal of such Individual Member from the Company, or (z) dissolving the Company. Any action taken by the Management Board pursuant to Section 2.14 shall not require the approval of any Individual Member. ARTICLE 3 CARRIED INTEREST POINTS; CERTAIN OTHER MATTERS SECTION 3.01. General Provisions. (a) The Management Board, upon the recommendation of the Senior Managing Member, shall be solely responsible for making all determinations as to the Carried Interest Points of the Private Equity Limited Partners, and Greenhill shall be solely responsible for making all determinations as to the Carried Interest Points of the Advisory Limited Partners, in each case in accordance with Article 3 of the Partnership Agreement, at such times and in such amounts as it shall deem advisable. All other determinations necessary or desirable under the Partnership Agreement with respect to such Carried Interest Points, shall be determined by the Management Board upon the recommendation of the Senior Managing Member. (b) The Management Board will be responsible for making determinations as to the Carried Interest Points of the Members; provided that if no consensus can be reached among the members of the Management Board, then each Senior Member will be entitled to the Carried Interest Points set forth on Schedule I hereto for each year. 11 (c) The members of the Management Board, the Senior Managing Member and Greenhill shall not be liable to the Company or the Members for anything whatsoever in connection with this Agreement except for the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the members of the Management Board, the Senior Managing Member or Greenhill. In the performance of their respective functions with respect to this Agreement, the members of the Management Board, the Senior Managing Member and Greenhill shall be entitled to rely upon information and advice furnished by officers, accountants or legal counsel of Greenhill or its Affiliates, or by any other party the members of the Management Board, the Senior Managing Member or Greenhill deems necessary or appropriate as to matters the members of the Management Board, the Senior Managing Member or Greenhill reasonably believes are within such other person's professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Company, and the members of the Management Board, the Senior Managing Member and Greenhill shall not be liable to the Company or the Members for any action taken or not taken in good faith reliance upon any such advice. The members of the Management Board, the Senior Managing Member and Greenhill may delegate such of their respective responsibilities hereunder as the members of the Management Board, the Senior Managing Member or Greenhill deems appropriate to one or more officers or directors of Greenhill or its Affiliates and in performing such delegated responsibilities, such persons shall have the benefit of all the protections afforded the members of the Management Board, the Senior Managing Member and Greenhill under this Agreement. SECTION 3.02. Assignment of Carried Interest Points. (a) On or prior to January 1 of each fiscal year, or as soon as practicable thereafter (the "Annual Allocation Date"), the Management Board shall assign each Member a number (which may include fractional numbers) of carried interest points (the "Carried Interest Points") for all Fund Investments made by all Funds during the fiscal year commencing on such January 1 (the "Carried Interest Annual Pool"). The aggregate number of Carried Interest Points for any Fund Investment shall be equal to the Carried Interest Points of the Company under the Partnership Agreement (the "GP Points"), and the amount of the Carried Interest with respect to each Fund Investment for such fiscal year allocated to a Member shall be calculated by multiplying the Carried Interest by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of points so awarded and the denominator of which shall be the GP Points Each Carry Participating Partner's share of the Carried Interest for any Fund Investment is referred to herein as his "Carried Interest Share". With respect to each Fund Investment made during the 2000 fiscal year and with respect to Members who have been admitted as such on the date of this Agreement, the Carried Interest Points shall be set forth in Schedule I to this Agreement with respect to such Member (the "Allocation Schedule"), which shall be maintained by the Management Board and the Company and updated to reflect any changes in the allocation of Carried Interest Points. The Management Board shall advise each Member of such Partner's Carried Interest Points in effect at any time. With respect to each Fund Investment made during any fiscal year, the Carried Interest Points (as determined in accordance with this Section 3.02(a) or adjusted in accordance with this Article 3) of each Member having an interest in such Fund 12 Investment shall be set forth in the Allocation Schedule. Except as otherwise provided in this Article 3, such Carried Interest Points shall not be changed after they are determined in accordance with this Section 3.02(a). (b) The Management Board may award Carried Interest Points to newly admitted Members and may award additional Carried Interest Points to existing Members at any time during the course of a fiscal year. In making such award the Management Board may, in its discretion, determine whether the Carried Interest Points assigned to such Person shall be calculated as if such Person was admitted as a Member on the date such award was determined or any other date or in any other manner that the Management Board in its discretion shall determine is appropriate in light of the circumstances giving rise to such determination. Such awards shall be made either from Reserved Carried Interest Points, from Reallocated Carried Interest Points, from Forfeited Carried Interest Points or through a reallocation of Carried Interest Points as provided in Section 3.03. (c) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Management Board may, in its discretion, elect to reserve a portion of the Carried Interest Points for allocation at any time during the period ending on January 31 of the fiscal year next succeeding the fiscal year for which an allocation of Carried Interest Points has been made to any Member or may be allocated additional Carried Interest Points under the Partnership Agreement (the "Reserved Carried Interest Points"). During any fiscal year, all Reserved Carried Interest Points with respect to the Fund Investments made during such fiscal year shall be initially allocated to Greenhill. To the extent such Reserved Carried Interest Points are awarded to Members, the Allocation Schedule shall be revised accordingly to reflect such award. If the Reserved Carried Interest Points have not been so allocated by January 31 of the next succeeding fiscal year, they shall be allocated pro rata among the Members based on each Member's Carried Interest Share in the relevant Fund Investments. (d) If any Carried Interest Points awarded to any Member are later surrendered or forfeited by such Member or otherwise reduced in accordance with this Article 3, such surrendered, forfeited or reduced Carried Interest Points shall, unless otherwise determined by the Management Board in its discretion, be reallocated to the other Members and to the Partners in the Partnership on a pro rata basis in accordance with their Carried Interest Share in the relevant Fund Investments. SECTION 3.03. Pro Rata Dilution. Initially, the Carried Interest Points for the Carried Interest Annual Pool for 2000 will be allocated as set forth in Schedule I. If an additional Member admitted to the Company following the award of Carried Interest Points in any fiscal year or any other Member receives a Carried Interest Point award which the Management Board determines is not to come from Reserved Carried Interest Points, from Reallocated Carried Interest Points or from Forfeited Carried Interest Points, the number of Carried Interest Points of the Partners will be reduced on a pro rata basis 13 by the number of Carried Interest Points so awarded unless otherwise determined by the Management Board. SECTION 3.04. No Right to Continued Employment. Neither this Agreement nor any action taken or omitted to be taken hereunder shall be deemed to create or confer on any Member any right (i)(A) to be retained in the employ of Greenhill or the Company or any Affiliate thereof or (ii) to interfere with or to limit in any way the right of Greenhill or the Company or any Affiliate thereof to terminate the employment of such Member at any time or to transfer his or her employment within Greenhill or the Company or any Affiliate thereof to other activities from time to time. SECTION 3.05. Effect of Termination of Employment. (a) An Individual Member whose employment with the Company and Greenhill terminates for any reason shall automatically (without any action being required on the part of the Company or any Member) and immediately become a "Special Member". Upon becoming a Special Member, (i) such Individual Member shall no longer receive any new awards of Carried Interest Points with respect to any Fund Investments and (ii) such Individual Member's Carried Interest Points theretofore awarded may be reduced, eliminated or forfeited in accordance with this Section 3.05. Upon the complete liquidation of all Fund Investments in which a Special Member is a participant, such Special Member (i) shall cease to be a Member of the Company and (ii) shall not be entitled to any further distributions of Carried Interest under this Agreement. (b) With respect to any Individual Member who becomes a Special Member and any Fund Investment in which such Individual Member has an interest prior to becoming a Special Member, such Individual Member shall continue to hold his or her Carried Interest Points theretofore awarded with respect to such Fund Investment and shall be entitled to such Individual Member's Carried Interest Share of such Fund Investment without reduction if such Individual Member becomes a Special Member as a result of (i) termination of employment due to permanent disability (as determined by the Management Board and Greenhill), (ii) subject to Section 3.06(a), termination of employment due to death, or (iii) any other exception determined by the Management Board. (c) With respect to any Individual Member who becomes a Special Member as a result of the termination of employment for any reason other than those specified in Section 3.05(b) or 3.05(d), and any Fund Investment in which such Individual Member has an interest prior to becoming a Special Member, such Individual Member's Carried Interest Share of such Fund Investment shall be vested and become non-forfeitable in accordance with this Section 3.05(c). All Persons who become Special Members as a result of termination of employment for any reason other than those specified in Section 3.05(b) or 3.05(d) (a "Forfeiture Event") will be vested with respect to 33 1/3% of their Carried Interest Share attributable to a Fund Investment made in any given fiscal year on January 1 of the year following the year such Fund Investment was made; will be vested 14 with respect to 66 2/3% of their Carried Interest Share attributable to such Fund Investment on January 1 of the second year following the year such Fund Investment was made; and will be fully vested with respect to their Carried Interest Share attributable to such Fund Investment on January 1 of the third year following the year such Fund Investment was made; provided that an Individual Member will be vested with respect to 100% of his Carried Interest Share attributable to a Fund Investment which is realized prior to the date on which he becomes a Special Member; and provided further that, on and after January 1, 2003, an Individual Member who has held the position of Principal or any higher executive office of the Management Board or Greenhill continuously from June 1, 2000 through January 1, 2003 will be fully vested with respect to 100% of his Carried Interest Share attributable to all Fund Investments made prior to the date on which he becomes a Special Member. Individual Members shall be "Partially Reduced Members" with respect to the unvested portion of their Carried Interest Share forfeited in accordance with this Section 3.05(c). The unvested portion of the Carried Interest Share of each Special Member shall be forfeited on the date of termination of employment and shall be reallocated as provided in Section 3.02(d). The number of Carried Interest Points so forfeited, derived by application of the foregoing percentages to such Carry Participating Partner's Carried Interest Points in a Carried Interest Annual Pool, is hereinafter referred to as the "Forfeited Carried Interest Points", and the vested number of Carried Interest Points at such time, derived by application of the foregoing percentages to such Carry Participating Partner's Carried Interest Points in such Carried Interest Annual Pool, is hereinafter referred to as the "Vested Carried Interest Points". (d) With respect to any Individual Member who becomes a Special Member and any Fund Investment in which such Individual Member has an interest prior to becoming a Special Member, if such Individual Member becomes a Special Member as a result of an Elimination Event (a "Fully Reduced Partner"), such Individual Member's Carried Interest Points with respect to such Fund Investment and any Proceeds with respect to such Fund Investment that otherwise has been or could be allocated to such Individual Member at any time after such Individual Member becomes a Special Member shall be forfeited and shall be reallocated to other Members as provided in Section 3.02(d). For purposes of this Agreement, the term "Elimination Event" means, with respect to any Individual Member at any time, (i) the termination of such Individual Member's employment with the Company or Greenhill for Cause (or the termination of such Individual Member's employment with the Company or Greenhill for any reason and, following such termination, the Company or Greenhill determines that circumstances existed during such Individual Member's employment with the Company or Greenhill which would have entitled the Company or Greenhill to terminate such Individual Member's employment with the Company or Greenhill for Cause), (ii) the termination of such Individual Member's employment due to resignation with less than 30 days' notice, (iii) the termination of such Individual Member's employment with the Company or Greenhill for any reason and, within 180 days of such termination (or during the 180 days preceding such termination), such Individual Member attempts or attempted to hire a 15 person who is or was an employee of the Company or Greenhill, (iv) the termination of such Individual Member's employment with the Company or Greenhill for any reason and, within 180 days of such termination, the Individual Member solicits business of a customer or client of the Company or Greenhill, or (v) the termination of such Individual Member due to disclosure by such Individual Member (or in the event of termination of employment by reason of death, by such Special Member's estate or any designated beneficiary or heir or personal representative that became a Special Member) of any Proprietary Information, without the consent of the Company or Greenhill or otherwise in contravention of Section 2.12, to any unauthorized Person or the use of Proprietary Information by such Individual Member (or in the event of termination of employment by reason of death, by such Special Member's estate or any designated beneficiary or heir or personal representative that became a Special Member) other than in connection with the Company's or Greenhill's business where such disclosure or use may be adverse to the financial interests of the Company or Greenhill or their respective Affiliates (as determined by the Management Board in its discretion). SECTION 3.06. Other Provisions Relating to Special Members. (a) In the event of the death of an Individual Member, such Individual Member shall cease to be a Member of the Company and the Company shall furnish to such Individual Member's estate or designated beneficiary such information relating to the Company's affairs and Fund Investments as such estate's executor or such designated beneficiary shall reasonably request in order to enable such estate or designated beneficiary to prepare and file tax returns and conduct audits or other proceedings relating to such tax returns; provided that such estate and its executor and any designated beneficiary shall have executed an instrument reasonably satisfactory to the Management Board agreeing to be bound by the confidentiality obligations set forth in Section 2.12 with respect to all information so furnished. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the estate or designated beneficiary shall automatically be admitted to the Company as a Special Member and shall receive allocations and distributions to the extent and in the manner provided for in this Agreement with respect to such deceased Individual Member. (b) If, at any time during the term of the Company, the Management Board determines in good faith that any further participation by a Special Member in the Company's affairs would be detrimental to any Portfolio Company, the Company, the other Individual Members, Greenhill, any Fund, any Investor or any of their respective Affiliates, then, to the extent determined appropriate by the Management Board in its discretion and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, such Special Member shall cease to have the right to obtain information regarding the Company and its affairs or regarding any Company or any Fund Investment (other than any financial statements of the Company and underlying documentation supporting such financial statements). (c) A Special Member shall not be entitled to vote, except for purposes of clause (x) of Section 11.01(b)(ii), except as required by applicable law and except where a Special Member's interests in Fund Investments existing at the time any vote or 16 approval of the Members or the Individual Members is required pursuant to Article 2 or 11.01 or any other provision of this Agreement shall be materially adversely affected by such vote or approval in a way that is different from the effect of such vote or approval on any other Members. To the extent such Special Member is not entitled to vote, such Special Member's economic interest, if any, shall be disregarded in connection with any such vote or approval and such Special Member's Carried Interest Points shall be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction representing the specified percentage of Carried Interest Points required for the consent or approval of Members under this Agreement. ARTICLE 4 EXPENSES SECTION 4.01. Definition of Expenses. "Company Expenses" means any expenses incurred by the Company including without limitation (a) Indemnification Obligations: (b) all costs and expenses of organizing the Company; and (c) all routine administrative expenses of the Company, including salaries and employee benefit expenses of employees, consultants and independent contractors of the Company, fees and expenses associated with the maintenance of books and records of the Company, the employment or retention by the Company with respect to routine matters of accountants, attorneys and other professionals, and the preparation and dispatch to the Members of checks, financial reports and notices required by this Agreement. SECTION 4.02. Responsibility for Company Expenses among the Members. Any Company Expense or Indemnification Obligation shall be borne by all Members, pro rata in proportion to their respective Capital Account balances at such time. ARTICLE 5 CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS SECTION 5.01. Capital Contributions. The Individual Members listed in Schedule III (the "Contributing Members") shall be obligated to make Capital Contributions to the Company in the amounts set forth opposite their names on Schedule III. Except as required by the Delaware Act, the Members shall have no obligation to make any other contributions to the capital of the Company, whether to fund Partnership or Fund Investments, to fund Company Expenses or for any other reason. SECTION 5.02. Payment of Capital Contributions. All Capital Contributions shall be paid to the Company in immediately available funds in United States dollars by 11:00 A.M. (New York City time) on the date and to the account 17 specified by the Management Board. Capital Contributions may include amounts that the Management Board determines in its discretion are necessary or desirable to establish reserves in respect of Company Expenses or the Company's obligation to make its capital contribution to the Partnership. ARTICLE 6 CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; ALLOCATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS SECTION 6.01. Principles of Distributions Attributable to Invested Capital. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all Proceeds received by the Company, including Proceeds in respect of the Company's capital contributions as general partner of the Partnership, shall be distributed as follows: Proceeds that are cash or readily-marketable securities received from the Partnership shall be distributed or paid promptly after the receipt thereof, and in the case of other types of Proceeds at such time as the Management Board shall determine in its discretion. With respect to any Proceeds referred to in this paragraph, the Management Board shall, at the time of distribution, determine each Contributing Member's Investment Percentage of such Proceeds and make distributions of such amounts to the Contributing Members. SECTION 6.02. Principles of Distributions Attributable to Carried Interest. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Proceeds from any Fund Investment representing Carried Interest from any Fund Investment shall be distributed promptly after the Company receives such proceeds for the Partnership. The Management Board shall, at the time of distribution, determine each member's Carried Interest Share of such Proceeds and make distributions of such amounts to the Members. SECTION 6.03. Other Provisions Relating to Distributions. (a) All cash distributions shall be made in immediately available funds in U.S. Dollars, except to the extent that distributions in U.S. dollars would be illegal under applicable law, in which case, to such extent, distributions shall be made in the currency in which cash is received by the Company. (b) In connection with any distribution of cash, securities or other property received by the Company, the Management Board may, in its discretion, set off against, or withhold from, the amount distributable to any Member the following amounts: (i) such Member's share of any Company Expense or any other amount due from such Member to the Company; and (ii) any amounts required to pay, or to reimburse (on a net after-tax basis) any Indemnified Person for the payment of, any taxes and related expenses that the Management Board in good faith determines to be properly attributable to 18 such Member (including, without limitation, withholding taxes and interest, penalties and expenses incurred in respect thereof). Any amounts so set off or withheld pursuant to this Section 6.03 shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as if actually distributed to such Member and shall be applied by the Management Board to discharge the obligation in respect of which such amounts were withheld. (c) The Management Board shall have the right, in its discretion, to withhold amounts otherwise distributable by the Company to a Member in order to make such provision as the Management Board, in its discretion, deems necessary or advisable for the payment of such Member's share of any future Company Expense if the nature and amount of such Company Expense is known or reasonably anticipated at the time of distribution. (d) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall not make any distributions pursuant to this Agreement except to the extent permitted by the Delaware Act. SECTION 6.04. Capital Accounts; Adjustments to Capital Accounts. (a) There shall be established for each Member, on the books and records of the Company, a capital account (a "Capital Account"). Each Member's Capital Account shall initially be zero and shall be adjusted as set forth in this Section 6.04. (b) The Capital Account of each Member shall be adjusted as follows: (i) Cash Contributions. The amount of cash contributed to the Company by such Member shall be credited to the Capital Account of such Member. (ii) Distributions. The amount of cash (or the value of other property distributed in kind as determined in accordance with the Fund Agreements), distributed by the Company to any Member shall be debited against the Capital Account of such Member. (iii) Income, Profit or Gain. The amount of any allocation of income, profit or gain made by the Company to any Member shall be credited to the Capital Account of such Member. (iv) Expense, Deduction or Loss. The amount of any allocation of expense, deduction or loss made by the Company to any Member shall be debited against the Capital Account of such Member. 19 (c) The Company's items of income, gain, loss, deduction and expense shall be allocated to the Capital Accounts as follows: (i) Allocation of Company Expenses. The amount of any Company Expense shall be allocated among the Members in accordance with Section 4.02. (ii) Allocation of Interest Income and Expense. The amount of any interest earned on any Member's Capital Contribution shall be allocated to the Capital Account of such Member. (iii) Allocation of a Carry Participating Partner's Carry Income, Gains and Losses. All income and gains representing the Carried Interest shall be allocated among the Members in a manner consistent with the corresponding distributions made or to be made pursuant to Section 6.02. All losses with respect to a Carried Interest Annual Pool shall be allocated among the Members in a manner consistent with each Member's Carried Interest Share. (iv) Residual Allocations. The Company's remaining net income or net loss (after giving effect to clauses (i) through (iii) of this Section 6.04(c) for any fiscal period and each item of income, gain, loss, deduction or expense shall be allocated among the Members in a manner consistent with the corresponding distributions made or to be made pursuant to Sections 6.01 and 9.04. SECTION 6.05. Tax Allocations. (a) For federal, state and local income tax purposes, each item of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the Company shall be allocated among the Members as nearly as possible in the same manner as the corresponding item of income, expense, gain or loss is allocated pursuant to the other provisions of this Article 6. It is intended that the Capital Accounts will be maintained at all times in accordance with Section 704 of the Code and applicable Treasury regulations thereunder, and that the provisions hereof relating to the Capital Accounts be interpreted in a manner consistent therewith. The Management Board shall be authorized by this Section 6.05 to make appropriate amendments to the allocations of items pursuant to Article 6 if necessary in order to comply with Section 704 of the Code or applicable Treasury regulations thereunder; provided that no such change shall have an adverse effect upon the amount distributable to any Member hereunder. (b) Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Article 6, if any Member has a deficit Capital Account for any fiscal period as a result of any adjustment, allocation or distribution of the type described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4)-(6), then the Company's income and gain will be specially allocated to such Member in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d). 20 SECTION 6.06. Foreign Currency Considerations. At the time any cash is received in a currency other than U.S. Dollars for payment (as distributions or otherwise) to Members: (i) if such cash is to be paid (as a distribution or otherwise) in U.S. Dollars, the Management Board shall effect the conversion of such cash into U.S. Dollars, at the exchange rate determined by the Management Board, as soon as practicable after such cash is received; and (ii) if, pursuant to Section 6.03(a), such cash is to be paid in the currency in which it is received, the Management Board shall determine the U.S. Dollar equivalent of such cash, based upon the applicable exchange rate in effect on the date such cash is received, for purposes of this Article 6. SECTION 6.07. Loans and Withdrawal of Amounts Allocated to Capital Accounts. Except as permitted by the Management Board, no Individual Member shall be permitted to borrow, or to make an early withdrawal of, any portion of the amounts allocated to his or her Capital Account. SECTION 6.08. Repayment of Certain Distributions. In the event that any amount distributed to an Individual Member hereunder is later determined by the Management Board to be in excess of the amount such Individual Member was entitled to under this Agreement, such Individual Member shall return such amount to the Company. ARTICLE 7 REPORTS TO INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS SECTION 7.01. Reports. (a) The Management Board shall provide to each Individual Member reports and financial information on the Company's affairs and on such Individual Member's Capital Account in such form and at such times as the Management Board shall determine in its discretion. (b) After the end of each fiscal year, the Management Board shall cause the independent certified public accountants of the Company to prepare and transmit, within 30 days after the tax returns for all Partnerships have been completed, or as soon thereafter as is practicable, a federal income tax form K-1 for each Member, a copy of the Company's return filed for federal income tax purposes and a report setting forth in sufficient detail such transactions effected by the Company during such fiscal year as shall enable each Member to prepare its United States federal and state income tax returns, if any. The Management Board shall provide such materials to (i) each Member and (ii) each former Member (or its successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives) 21 who may require such information in preparing its United States federal and state income tax returns. ARTICLE 8 LIABILITY; EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION SECTION 8.01. Liability for Debts of the Company; Limited Liability. (a) Except as otherwise provided in the Delaware Act, the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company, whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise, shall be solely the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company, and no Member shall be obligated personally for any such debt, obligation or liability of the Company solely by reason of being a Member. (b) Except as otherwise expressly required by law, a Member, in its capacity as such, shall have no liability to the Company or any other Member in excess of such Member's obligations to make payments required to be made by such Member under this Agreement. (c) An Individual Member may also be a limited partner of the Partnership, an employee, agent or officer of the Company or an employee, agent, officer, director or stockholder of Greenhill or any of its Affiliates. The existence of these relationships and acting in such capacities shall not affect the liability of the Individual Member so acting. SECTION 8.02. Exculpation and Indemnification. (a) No Indemnified Person shall be liable to the Company or to the Members for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities arising from, related to, or in connection with this Agreement, the Company's business or affairs, the Partnership Agreement, any Fund Agreement or the Partnership's or the Funds' business or affairs (including any act or omission by any Indemnified Person and any activity of the type or character disclosed or contemplated in Section 2.08 or 2.09 hereof or in the Partnership Agreement or any Fund Agreement (such disclosure being incorporated herein by reference) and no such activity will in and of itself constitute a breach of any duty owed by any Indemnified Person to any Member or the Company), except for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities resulting from such Indemnified Person's gross negligence or willful misconduct. (b) The Company shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Person against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, arising out of, related to or in connection with this Agreement, the Company's business or affairs, the Partnership Agreement, the Fund Agreements or the Partnership's or Funds' business or affairs, except for (i) any such losses, claims, damages or liabilities resulting from such Indemnified Person's gross negligence or willful misconduct, and (ii) any losses allocated to any Member's Capital Account. The 22 Company will periodically reimburse each Indemnified Person for all expenses (including fees and expenses of counsel) as such expenses are incurred in connection with investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any Proceeding related to, arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, the Company's business or affairs, the Partnership Agreement, the Fund Agreements or the Partnership's or Funds' business or affairs; provided that such Indemnified Person shall promptly repay to the Company the amount of any such reimbursed expenses paid to it if it shall be judicially determined by judgment or order not subject to further appeal or discretionary review that such Indemnified Person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company in connection with such matter as provided in the exceptions contained in the immediately preceding sentence. If for any reason (other than the exceptions contained in the first sentence of this Section 8.02(b)) the foregoing indemnification is unavailable to any Indemnified Person, or insufficient to hold it harmless, then the Company shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such loss, claim, damage or liability in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and such Indemnified Person, on the other hand, or, if such allocation is not permitted by applicable law, to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to above but also any other relevant equitable considerations. Any indemnity, contribution or reimbursement obligation of the Company under this Section 8.02(b) is referred to as an "Indemnification Obligation." (c) Each Member covenants for itself and its successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives that such Person will, at any time prior to or after dissolution of the Company, whether before or after such Person's withdrawal from the Company, pay to the Company on demand any amount which the Company properly pays in respect of taxes (including withholding taxes) imposed upon income of, or distributions in respect of Partnership Investments made to, such Member. (d) In the event that any Individual Member initiates any Proceeding against the Company, the Senior Managing Member, a Senior Member, Greenhill or any Affiliate of Greenhill and a judgment or order not subject to further appeal or discretionary review is rendered in respect of such Proceeding for the Company, the Senior Managing Member, any Senior Member, Greenhill or any Affiliate of Greenhill, as the case may be, such Individual Member shall be solely liable for all costs and expenses of the Company, the Senior Managing Member, such Senior Member, Greenhill or such Affiliate of Greenhill, as the case may be, attributable thereto and shall pay such amounts in cash to the Persons incurring such costs and expenses within 90 days after the entry of such judgment or order. (e) Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, the exculpation provisions under 8.02(a) and the reimbursement, indemnity and contribution obligations of the Company under Section 8.02(b) shall: 23 (i) be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have; and (ii) be binding upon and inure to the benefit of any successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives of the Company and each Indemnified Person. (f) To the extent that, at law or in equity, any Member has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Company or to any other Member, the Member acting in connection with the Company's affairs shall not be liable to the Company or to any other Member for its good faith reliance on the provisions of this Agreement. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the provisions of this Agreement, to the extent that they restrict the duties and liabilities or rights and powers of the Members otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Members to replace such other duties, liabilities, rights and powers of the Members. (g) The foregoing provisions of this Section 8.02 shall survive for a period of four years from the date of dissolution of the Company; provided that if at the end of such period, there are any Proceedings then pending or any other liability (whether contingent or otherwise) or claim then outstanding, any Individual Member shall so notify the Management Board, Greenhill or a Senior Member at such time (which notice shall include a brief description of each such Proceeding (and of the liabilities asserted in such Proceeding) and of such liabilities and claims) and the foregoing provisions of this Section 8.02 shall survive with respect to each such Proceeding, liability and claim set forth in such notice (or any related Proceeding, liability or claim based upon the same or a similar claim) until such date that such Proceeding, liability or claim is ultimately resolved. ARTICLE 9 DURATION AND DISSOLUTION OF THE COMPANY SECTION 9.01. Duration. The term of the Company shall continue for so long as the Partnership or any of the Funds continue in existence, unless the Company is sooner dissolved pursuant to Section 9.02; provided that in order to permit an orderly winding up of the affairs of the Company, subject to Section 9.02, the Management Board may, in its discretion, extend the term of the Company for up to three successive one-year terms following the expiration of such initial term. SECTION 9.02. Dissolution. Subject to the Delaware Act, the Company shall be dissolved and its affairs shall be wound up upon the earliest of: (a) the expiration of the term of the Company provided in Section 9.01; 24 (b) in the discretion of the Management Board, upon the dissolution and distribution of assets of the Partnership and of all the Funds; (c) a decision made by the Management Board, after consultation with counsel, to dissolve the Company because it has determined in good faith that (i) changes in any applicable law or regulation would have a material adverse effect on the continuation of the Company or (ii) such action is necessary or desirable as provided in Section 2.14; (d) the written consent of all Members; (e) the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution under Section 18-802 of the Delaware Act; and SECTION 9.03. Liquidation of Company. Upon dissolution, the Company's business shall be liquidated in an orderly manner. Except as provided in the immediately succeeding sentence, the Management Board shall be the liquidator to wind up the affairs of the Company pursuant to this Agreement. If the Management Board is not available to serve as liquidator or if the Company shall be dissolved upon dissolution of the Partnership or any of the Funds in accordance with the terms of the applicable Partnership Agreement or Fund Agreement, the Individual Members may by approval of the Majority Individual Members appoint one or more liquidators to act as the liquidator in carrying out such liquidation. In performing its duties, the liquidator is authorized to sell, distribute, exchange or otherwise dispose of the assets of the Company in any reasonable manner that the liquidator shall determine to be in the best interest of the Members. SECTION 9.04. Distribution upon Dissolution of the Company. (a) Upon dissolution of the Company, the liquidator winding up the affairs of the Company shall determine in its discretion which assets of the Company shall be sold and which assets of the Company shall be retained for distribution in kind to the Members. Subject to the Delaware Act, after all liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of the Company have been satisfied or duly provided for (as determined by the liquidator in its discretion), the remaining assets of the Company shall be distributed to the Members in proportion to their respective positive Capital Accounts up to the amounts thereof, and thereafter in the manner in which additional amounts would have been distributed pursuant to Article 6. (b) In the discretion of the liquidator, and subject to the Delaware Act, all or a portion of the assets of the Company may be: (i) distributed to a trust established for the benefit of the Members for purposes of liquidating Company assets, collecting amounts owed to the Company, and satisfying any liabilities or obligations of the Company arising out of, or in connection with, this Agreement or the Company's affairs; or 25 (ii) withheld, with respect to any Member, to provide a reserve reasonably required for Company Expenses; provided that such withheld amounts shall be distributed to the Members as soon as the liquidator determines, in its discretion, that it is no longer necessary to retain such amounts. The assets of any trust established in connection with clause (i) above shall be distributed to the Members from time to time, in the discretion of the liquidator, in the same proportions as the amount distributed to such trust by the Company would otherwise have been distributed to the Members pursuant to this Agreement. (c) Each Member shall look solely to the assets of the Company for the return of such Member's aggregate invested capital in Partnership Investments, and no Member shall have priority over any other Member as to the return of such invested capital. SECTION 9.05. Resignation of Individual Members. Except as otherwise provided in Article 10 or with the approval of the Management Board, an Individual Member may not resign or withdraw from the Company prior to its dissolution and winding up. ARTICLE 10 TRANSFERABILITY OF A MEMBER'S INTEREST SECTION 10.01. Restrictions on Transfer. A Member may not, directly or indirectly, sell, exchange, transfer, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of all or any portion of its limited liability company interest (including any entitlement to any distributions hereunder) in the Company (any such direct or indirect sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation or other disposition being herein collectively called "Transfers") to any Person, except with the consent of the Management Board. SECTION 10.02. Expenses of Transfer; Indemnification. All expenses, including attorneys' fees and expenses, incurred by the Company in connection with any Transfer shall be borne by the transferring Member or such Member's transferee (any such transferee, when admitted and shown as an Individual Member on the books and records of the Company, being hereinafter called a "Substituted Individual Member"). In addition, the transferring Member or such transferee shall indemnify the Company and the Management Board in a manner satisfactory to the Management Board against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company or the Management Board may become subject arising out of, related to or in connection with any false representation or warranty made by, or breach or failure to comply with any covenant or agreement of, such transferring Member or such transferee. SECTION 10.03. Recognition of Transfer; Substituted Members. (a) If the Management Board approves the admission of any Person to the Company as a 26 Substituted Individual Member, such Person, as a condition to its admission as a Member, shall execute and acknowledge such instruments (including a counterpart of this Agreement), in form and substance satisfactory to the Management Board, as the Management Board reasonably deems necessary or desirable to effectuate such admission and to confirm the agreement of such Person to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement with respect to the limited liability company interest in the Company acquired by such Person. (b) The Company shall not recognize for any purpose any purported Transfer of all or any part of a Member's limited liability company interest in the Company and no assignee, transferee or other recipient of all or any part of such interest shall become a Substituted Individual Member hereunder unless: (i) the provisions of this Article 10 shall have been complied with; (ii) the Management Board shall have been furnished with the documents effecting such Transfer, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Management Board, executed and acknowledged by both the assignor or transferor and assignee, transferee or other recipient; (iii) such assignee, transferee or other recipient shall have represented that such Transfer was made in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations; (iv) all necessary governmental consents shall have been obtained in respect of such Transfer; (v) the books and records of the Company shall have been changed (which change shall be made as promptly as practicable) to reflect the admission of such Substituted Individual Member; and (vi) all necessary instruments reflecting such admission shall have been filed in each jurisdiction in which such filing is necessary in order to qualify the Company to conduct business or to preserve the limited liability of the Individual Members. Upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in this Section 10.03, any such assignee or other recipient shall become a Substituted Individual Member. Any Person who succeeds to any Member's limited liability company interest in the Company and who becomes a Substituted Individual Member shall, for purposes of the calculations under Section 6.04, be bound by such calculations previously made with respect to the transferring Member pursuant to this Agreement, and shall be otherwise 27 treated with respect to such calculations as if such Person were the Member from the inception of the Company. ARTICLE 11 MISCELLANEOUS SECTION 11.01. Entire Agreement; Amendments; Waivers; Termination. (a) This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both oral and written, between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. (b) Any provision of this Agreement (including Article 10) may be amended or waived by a written agreement executed by the Management Board and without the approval of any Individual Member; provided that, (i) the provisions of Article 8, Section 9.01 and this Section 11.01(b) may not be amended or waived without the approval of the Management Board and each Individual Member; (ii) no amendment or waiver of the provisions of this Agreement may increase the liability of an Individual Member beyond the liability of such Individual Member expressly set forth in this Agreement or otherwise modify or affect the limited liability of such Individual Member without the consent of the Management Board and the Individual Member affected thereby; and (iii) no provision of this Agreement that relates to or affects Greenhill may be amended or waived without the approval of Greenhill. (c) The Management Board shall give the affected Individual Members written notice of any amendment of this Agreement effected pursuant to Section 11.01(b) within 30 days after the same becomes effective. SECTION 11.02. Mergers and Consolidations. The Company may merge or consolidate with or into one or more Delaware limited liability companies or other business entities (as defined in the Delaware Act) pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 18-209 of the Delaware Act upon the approval of the Management Board and the Majority Individual Members; provided that in connection with any such merger or consolidation, no amendment of any provision of this Agreement may be effected without the approval required for an amendment of such provision in accordance with Section 11.01. Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, any agreement of merger or consolidation approved in accordance with the preceding sentence may (x) effect any amendment to this Agreement or (y) effect the adoption of a new limited 28 liability company agreement for the Company if it is the surviving or resulting entity in such merger or consolidation. SECTION 11.03. Investment Representation. Each Member, by executing this Agreement, represents and warrants that his limited liability company interest in the Company has been acquired by him for his own account for investment and not with a view to resale or distribution thereof and that he is fully aware that in agreeing to admit him as a Member, the Management Board, Greenhill and the Company are relying upon the truth and accuracy of this representation and warranty. SECTION 11.04. Successors; Counterparts. This Agreement (i) shall be binding as to the executors, administrators, estates, heirs and legal successors of the Members and (ii) may be executed in several counterparts with the same effect as if the parties executing the several counterparts had all executed one counterpart. SECTION 11.05. Governing Law; Severability. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware as applied between residents of that state entering into contracts wholly to be performed in that state. In particular, it shall be construed to the maximum extent possible to comply with all of the terms and conditions of the Delaware Act. If it shall be determined by court order not subject to appeal or discretionary review that any provision or wording of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable under the Delaware Act or other applicable law, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not invalidate the entire Agreement, in which case this Agreement shall be construed so as to limit any term or provision so as to make it enforceable or valid within the requirements of applicable law, and, in the event such term or provision cannot be so limited, this Agreement shall be construed to omit such invalid or unenforceable provisions. SECTION 11.06. Further Assurance. Each Individual Member, upon the request of the Management Board, agrees to perform all further acts and to execute, acknowledge and deliver any documents that may reasonably be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Agreement. SECTION 11.07. Filings. The Management Board shall promptly prepare, following the execution and delivery of this Agreement, any documents required to be filed and recorded, or, which are in the Management Board's discretion, appropriate for filing and recording, under the Delaware Act, and any Senior Member, as an authorized person, shall promptly cause each such document to be filed and recorded in accordance with the Delaware Act and, to the extent required by local law, to be filed and recorded or notice thereof to be published in the appropriate place in each State in which the Company may hereafter establish a place of business. Any Senior Member shall also promptly cause to be filed, recorded and published such statements of fictitious business name and other notices, certificates, statements or other instruments required by any 29 provision of any applicable law of the United States or any State or other jurisdiction which governs the conduct of its business from time to time. SECTION 11.08. Power of Attorney. (a) Each Individual Member does hereby constitute and appoint each Senior Member, with full power of substitution, as his true and lawful representative and attorney-in-fact, in his name, place and stead to make, execute, sign, deliver and file (i) the Certificate of Limited Liability Company and any amendment thereof required because of an amendment to this Agreement or in order to effectuate any change in the membership of the Company, (ii) any amendments to this Agreement in accordance with Section 11.01, (iii) all such other instruments, documents and certificates which may from time to time be required by the laws of the United States of America, the State of Delaware or any other State, or any political subdivision or agency thereof, or any foreign country, to effectuate, implement and continue the valid and subsisting existence of the Company or to dissolve the Company and (iv) any document, certificate, instrument or agreement necessary or desirable to effectuate the transfer of all or any part of a Member's limited liability company interest in the Company in accordance with the provisions of Articles 3 or 10. Such representatives and attorneys-in-fact shall not have any right, power or authority to amend or modify this Agreement except in accordance with the terms of this Agreement when acting in such capacities. (b) The power of attorney granted pursuant to this Section 11.08 is coupled with an interest and shall survive and not be affected by the subsequent death, incapacity, disability, dissolution, termination or bankruptcy of the Individual Member granting such power of attorney or the transfer of all or any portion of such Individual Member's limited liability company interest in the Company, and extend to such Individual Member's successors, assigns and legal representatives. SECTION 11.09. No Bill for Company Accounting. Subject to mandatory provisions of law applicable to an Individual Member and to circumstances involving a breach of this Agreement, each of the Members covenants that it will not (except with the consent of the Management Board) file a bill for a Company accounting. SECTION 11.10. Goodwill. No value shall be placed on the name or goodwill of the Company. SECTION 11.11. Notices. All notices, requests and other communications to any party hereunder shall be in writing (including telex, facsimile or similar writing) and shall be given to such party at its address or telex or facsimile number set forth in a schedule filed with the records of the Company or such other address or telex or facsimile number as such party may hereafter specify for the purpose by notice in like manner to the Management Board. Each such notice, request or other communication shall be effective (a) if given by telex or facsimile, when such telex or facsimile is transmitted to the telex 30 or facsimile number specified pursuant to this Section 11.11 and the appropriate answerback or confirmation is received, (b) if given by mail, 72 hours after such communication is deposited in the mails with first class postage prepaid, addressed as aforesaid or (c) if given by any other means, when delivered at the address specified pursuant to this Section 11.11. SECTION 11.12. Arbitration. In the event that any dispute arises between an Individual Member, on the one hand, and Greenhill, the Company, the Management Board or any Senior Member, on the other hand, relating to or in connection with this Agreement, the Company and its business or affairs, the Partnership Agreement, the Fund Agreements or the Partnership's business or affairs, such Members shall attempt to resolve such dispute by discussion and negotiation within thirty days after the date one such party (the "Initiating Party") initially raises such dispute. Any and all disputed issues that are not resolved in writing by the parties during such thirty (30) day period shall be finally settled by binding arbitration to be held in Wilmington, Delaware or New York City, New York in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, as from time to time amended and in effect. The parties to this Agreement hereby waive (and agree to cause their respective Affiliates to waive) any right to refer such dispute or controversy to any other forum or tribunal. The arbitration panel shall be composed of three arbitrators, appointed pursuant to the following procedure. The Initiating Party shall notify the other party (the "Responding Party") of the substance of its claim and the name and address of the arbitrator chosen by the Initiating Party. Within thirty days of receipt of such notification, the Responding Party shall notify the Initiating Party of its answer to the claim made, any counterclaim which it wishes to assert in the arbitration, and the name and address of the arbitrator chosen by the Responding Party. If this is not done by the Responding Party within thirty (30) days, appointment of the second arbitrator shall be made by the American Arbitration Association upon request of the Initiating Party. The arbitrators shall choose a third arbitrator, who shall serve as president of the panel thus composed. If the arbitrators fail to agree upon the choice of a third arbitrator within thirty (30) days from the appointment of the second arbitrator, the third arbitrator will be appointed by the American Arbitration Association upon the request of the arbitrators or either of the parties. In all cases the arbitrators must be persons who are knowledgeable about and have recognized ability and experience in dealing with the subject matter of the dispute. The arbitrators will decide the dispute by majority decision and in accordance with Delaware law. The decision shall be rendered in writing and shall bear the signatures of at least two arbitrators. It also shall identify the members of the arbitration panel, and the time and place of the award granted. Finally, it will determine the expenses of the arbitration and the party who shall be charged therewith or the allocation of the expenses between the parties in the discretion of the panel. The arbitration decision shall be rendered as soon as possible, but in any event not later than six months after the constitution of the arbitration panel. The arbitration decision shall be final and binding upon both parties. Judgment upon any award rendered by the arbitration panel may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof or having jurisdiction over the party 31 against whom enforcement is sought or having jurisdiction over any of such party's assets. To the maximum extent permitted by law, the parties to this Agreement hereby waive (and agree to cause their respective Affiliates to waive) any right of appeal from any judgment rendered upon an award, particularly including (but not limited to) appeals with respect to any question of law. SECTION 11.13. No Partnership Intended for Non-tax Purposes. The Company has been formed as a limited liability company under the Delaware Act and the Members expressly disclaim any intention to form a partnership under either the Uniform Partnership Act, the Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act or any other partnership law. Except as provided in Section 2.11, the Members do not intend to be partners one to another or partners as to any third party. To the extent any Member, by word or action, represents to another Person that any other Member is a partner or that the Company is a partnership, the Member making such wrongful representation shall be liable to another Member who incurs personal liability by reason of such wrongful representation. SECTION 11.14. Withholding. The Management Board shall have the right to deduct and withhold from any distributions or other assets any federal, state or local taxes that it determines in good faith to be required by law to be withheld with respect to income allocable to any Member. SECTION 11.15. Headings. Section and other headings contained in this Agreement are for reference only and are not intended to describe, interpret, define or limit the scope or intent of this Agreement or any provision hereof. 32 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have hereto set their hands as of the day and year first above written. By: Greenhill & Co., LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ------------------------------- Name: Robert H. Niehaus Title: Senior Member 33 Individual Member Signature Page for GCP, LLC Individual Member: /s/ Scott L. Bok ----------------------------------- Name: Scott L. Bok Individual Member Commencement Date: Address for Notices: Greenhill & Co., LLC 31 West 52nd St. 16th Floor New York, NY 10019 Accepted: By: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ------------------------------- Name: Robert H. Niehaus Title: Senior Member Individual Member Signature Page for GCP, LLC Individual Member: /s/ Robert F. Greenhill ------------------------- Name: Robert F. Greenhill Individual Member Commencement Date: Address for Notices: Greenhill & Co., LLC 31 West 52nd Street, 16th Floor New York, NY 10019 Accepted: By: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ------------------------------- Name: Robert H. Niehaus Title: Senior Member Individual Member Signature Page for GCP, LLC Individual Member: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ----------------------- Name: Robert H. Niehaus Individual Member Commencement Date: Address for Notices: Greenhill Capital Partners 31 West 52nd St. 16th Floor New York, NY 10019 Accepted: By: GCP, LLC By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ------------------------------ Name: Robert H. Niehaus Title: Senior Member APPENDIX A DEFINITIONS "Advisers Act" means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended from time to time. "Advisory Limited Partner" means each of the limited partners of the Partnership who is predominantly engaged in the advisory business of Greenhill. "Affiliate" of any Person means any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such Person. The term "control" means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. "Agreement" means this Limited Liability Company Agreement, as amended from time to time. "Authorized Representative" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.12(a). "Business Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York City are authorized by law to close. "Capital Account" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.04. "Capital Contribution" means with respect to each of the Members whose names appear on Schedule I, the amount set forth opposite the name of such Member on Schedule I. "Carried Interest" means that portion of the Carried Interest (as defined in the Fund Agreements) that may be distributed to the Partnership, as general partner of the Funds that in turn is distributed to the Company by the Partnership. "Contributing Member" means each Member that makes Capital Contributions as provided in Section 5.01. "Carried Interest Points" means points, reflecting a share of the Carried Interest, that are assigned to the limited partners of the Partnership pursuant to Article 6 of the Partnership Agreement. "Certificate of Limited Liability Company" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.02. A-1 "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. "Company" means GCP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as such limited liability company may from time to time be constituted. "Company Expenses" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.01. "Contributing Members" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01. "Delaware Act" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.02. "ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time. "Fund Agreement" means an agreement of limited partnership of a Fund, as amended from time to time. "Funds" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.04. "Fund Investment" means, with respect to a Fund, any Investment (as defined in the partnership agreement applicable to such Fund) made by such Fund pursuant to such partnership agreement. "Greenhill" means Greenhill & Co., LLC. "Indemnification Obligation" has the meaning set forth in Section 8.01(b). "Indemnified Person" means each Individual Member, (including the Senior Managing Member and the Senior Members) both in such Person's capacity as a Member and in such Person's capacity as a director, officer, stockholder, employee, agent or representative of the Company or of Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates. "Individual Member" means, at any time, any Member other than Greenhill who is at such time a Member of the Company and who is shown as such on the books and records of the Company. "Initiating Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.12. "Investment Company Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time. "Investment Percentage" means, with respect to any Contributing Member, the percentage derived by dividing (i) such Contributing Member's aggregate Capital Contributions by (ii) the aggregate Capital Contributions of all Contributing Members. A-2 "Investor" means each or any investor in any Partnership or Partnership Investment. "Limited Partner" means each of the limited partners of the Partnership. "Majority Individual Members" means, at any time and with respect to a matter, Individual Members entitled to vote on such matter having balances in their Capital Accounts at such time equal to more than 50% of the aggregate amount of all Capital Account Balances of all Individual Members entitled to vote on such matter (and present for purposes of a quorum, if applicable) at such time. "Management Board" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.01. "Members" means Greenhill and the Individual Members, and "Member" means any Individual Member or Greenhill, in their capacity as members of the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Company shall have only one class or group of Members for all purposes of the Delaware Act and this Agreement. "Net Income" has the meaning set forth in the applicable Partnership Agreement. "Net Loss" has the meaning set forth in the applicable Partnership Agreement. "Partnership" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.04. "Partnership Agreement" means the agreement of limited partnership of the Partnership as amended and in effect from time to time. "Person" means any individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, trust, estate or designated beneficiary or other entity. "Private Equity Limited Partner" means those limited partners listed on Schedule I to the Partnership Agreement with Points designated as Private Equity Points or who are subsequently designated as a Private Equity Limited Partner by the Management Board. "Proceeding" means any action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding by or before any court, arbitrator, governmental body or other agency. "Proceeds" means, with respect to any Partnership Investment, all cash and non-cash proceeds received by the Partnership from any sale of, or distribution from, such Partnership Investment, including any dividends, interest or other distributions received by the Partnership in respect of such Partnership Investment (net of any sales commissions, fees or other Investment Expense incurred, directly or indirectly, by the Partnership in connection with such receipt). A-3 "Proprietary Information" means any information that may have intrinsic value to the Company, the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates, clients or other parties with which the Company, the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates has a relationship, or that may provide the Company, the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates with a competitive advantage, including, without limitation, any trade secrets; formulas; flow charts; computer programs, access codes or other systems information; algorithms; business, product or marketing plans; sales and other forecasts; financial information; client lists; and information relating to compensation and benefits; provided that such Proprietary Information does not include any information which is available to the general public or is generally available within the relevant business or industry other than as a result of the Individual Member's action. Proprietary Information may be in any medium or form, including without limitation, physical documents, computer files or discs, videotapes, audiotapes, and oral communications. "Required Members" means, with respect to a fiscal year, both (i) Members having a majority of the Carried Interest Points awarded for such year and (ii) each of the Senior Members. "Responding Party" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.12. "Senior Managing Member" means Robert H. Niehaus as a member of the Company. "Senior Members" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.02. "Substituted Individual Member" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.02. "Tax Matters Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.11(c). "Transfers" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.01. A-4 SCHEDULE II Assignment of Carried Interest Points Date of Assignment: ----------------- Member: Calendar Year Covered: January 1, to December 31, ---- ---- Investment* Carried Interest Points ---------- *To be specified either on an annual basis for all investments made during the year or on an investment-by-investment basis. S-2
Exhibit 10.17 ================================================================================ THE LIMITED PARTNER INTERESTS EVIDENCED BY THIS AGREEMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA OR NON- U.S. JURISDICTION AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED WITHOUT COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE FEDERAL, STATE OR NON-U.S. SECURITIES LAWS, PURSUANT TO REGISTRATION OR EXEMPTION THEREFROM. IN ADDITION, TRANSFER OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THE LIMITED PARTNER INTERESTS IS RESTRICTED AS PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT. -------------------------------------------- Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of GREENHILL CAPITAL, L.P. -------------------------------------------- Dated as of June 30, 2000 ================================================================================ TABLE OF CONTENTS -------------------- PAGE ---- ARTICLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 1.01. Definitions.....................................................1 SECTION 1.02. Partnership Name................................................1 SECTION 1.03. Office; Registered Agent........................................1 SECTION 1.04. Continuation of the Partnership.................................2 SECTION 1.05. Purposes of the Partnership.....................................2 SECTION 1.06. Liability of the Partners Generally.............................2 SECTION 1.07. Admission of Limited Partners; Additional Limited Partners; Increase of Capital Commitments.......................2 ARTICLE 2 MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF THE PARTNERSHIP SECTION 2.01. Management Generally............................................4 SECTION 2.02. Authority of the General Partner................................4 SECTION 2.03. Other Authority.................................................6 SECTION 2.04. Borrowings by the Partnership...................................7 SECTION 2.05. Other Activities................................................7 SECTION 2.06. Books and Records; Accounting Method; Fiscal Year...............9 SECTION 2.07. Certain Tax Matters............................................10 SECTION 2.08. Confidentiality................................................11 SECTION 2.09. Annual Meeting.................................................12 SECTION 2.10. LP Advisory Committee..........................................12 SECTION 2.11. Reliance by Third Parties......................................13 SECTION 2.12. Transaction Fees...............................................13 SECTION 2.13. Temporary Investment of Funds..................................13 SECTION 2.14. Certain FCC Matters............................................14 ARTICLE 3 INVESTMENTS SECTION 3.01. Partnership Investments Generally..............................15 SECTION 3.02. Investment Limitations.........................................15 PAGE ---- SECTION 3.03. Structuring of Investments Generally; Certain Rules Governing Investments..........................................16 SECTION 3.04. Investment Committee...........................................19 SECTION 3.05. Restriction on Activities by Greenhill Entities; Obligation to Offer............................................19 SECTION 3.06. Related Funds..................................................20 SECTION 3.07. Additional Investment Situations...............................21 SECTION 3.08. General Principles on the Disposition of Investments...........22 SECTION 3.09. Non-U.S. Currency Considerations...............................22 ARTICLE 4 EXPENSES SECTION 4.01. Definition and Payment of General Partner Expenses.............23 SECTION 4.02. Definition and Payment of Partnership Expenses.................23 SECTION 4.03. Responsibility for Partnership Expenses Among the Partners.....25 SECTION 4.04. Sources of Funds for Funding by the Partners of Partnership Expenses...........................................26 SECTION 4.05. Non-Applicability of Article to Parallel Investment Expenses.......................................................27 ARTICLE 5 CAPITAL COMMITMENTS AND CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS SECTION 5.01. Capital Commitments............................................27 SECTION 5.02. Drawdown Procedures............................................28 SECTION 5.03. Excuse Procedure...............................................32 SECTION 5.04. Default by Investors...........................................34 SECTION 5.05. Certain Exclusion Circumstances................................38 ARTICLE 6 DISTRIBUTIONS; ALLOCATIONS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS SECTION 6.01. Distributions Generally........................................39 SECTION 6.02. Distributions of Proceeds of Partnership Investments...........40 SECTION 6.03. Other Income...................................................40 SECTION 6.04. Tax Distributions..............................................40 SECTION 6.05. Other General Principles of Distribution.......................40 SECTION 6.06. Loans and Withdrawal of Capital................................43 SECTION 6.07. Capital Accounts; Allocations..................................43 SECTION 6.08. Tax Allocations................................................45 ii PAGE ---- ARTICLE 7 PARALLEL INVESTMENTS SECTION 7.01. Parallel Investments Generally.................................45 SECTION 7.02. Parallel Investment Expenses...................................46 SECTION 7.03. Parallel Investor Borrowings...................................47 SECTION 7.04. Consequences upon Default......................................47 ARTICLE 8 REPORTS TO LIMITED PARTNERS SECTION 8.01. Reports........................................................48 ARTICLE 9 EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION SECTION 9.01. Exculpation and Indemnification................................49 SECTION 9.02. Forum Selection................................................52 SECTION 9.03. Return of Distributions........................................52 SECTION 9.04. Parallel Investments...........................................53 ARTICLE 10 DURATION AND DISSOLUTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP SECTION 10.01. Duration......................................................53 SECTION 10.02. Dissolution...................................................54 SECTION 10.03. Liquidation of Partnership....................................54 SECTION 10.04. Distribution Upon Dissolution of the Partnership..............54 SECTION 10.05. Withdrawal, Death or Incompetency of a Limited Partner........55 ARTICLE 11 TRANSFERABILITY OF GENERAL PARTNER'S INTEREST SECTION 11.01. Transferability of General Partner's Interest.................56 iii PAGE ---- ARTICLE 12 TRANSFERABILITY OF A LIMITED PARTNER'S INTEREST SECTION 12.01. Restrictions on Transfer......................................57 SECTION 12.02. Expenses of Transfer; Indemnification.........................57 SECTION 12.03. Recognition of Transfer; Substituted Limited Partners.........58 SECTION 12.04. Transfers During a Fiscal Year................................59 SECTION 12.05. Securities Laws; Legends......................................59 ARTICLE 13 MISCELLANEOUS SECTION 13.01. Amendments; Waivers...........................................60 SECTION 13.02. Approvals.....................................................61 SECTION 13.03. Mergers and Consolidations....................................61 SECTION 13.04. Investment Representation.....................................62 SECTION 13.05. Successors; Counterparts; Beneficiaries.......................62 SECTION 13.06. Governing Law; Severability; Certain Matters as to the General Partner...........................................62 SECTION 13.07. Further Assurance.............................................63 SECTION 13.08. Filings.......................................................63 SECTION 13.09. Power of Attorney.............................................63 SECTION 13.10. No Bill for Partnership Accounting............................64 SECTION 13.11. Goodwill......................................................64 SECTION 13.12. Notices.......................................................64 SECTION 13.13. Headings......................................................64 SECTION 13.14. Tax Election..................................................64 SECTION 13.15. Side Letters..................................................64 Appendix A - Definitions Schedule 1 - Pre-Closing Investments iv AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF GREENHILL CAPITAL, L.P. AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP dated as of June 30, 2000 of Greenhill Capital, L.P. W I T N E S S E T H : WHEREAS, GCP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (formerly Greenhill Capital Partners, LLC), in its capacity as General Partner, and David Glenn, as the initial Limited Partner, have heretofore entered into an Agreement of Limited Partnership dated as of June 26, 2000 (the "Original Agreement") and have formed a limited partnership pursuant to the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act 6 Del.C.ss.17-101, et seq., as amended from time to time (the "Delaware Act"); WHEREAS, David Glenn desires to withdraw from the Partnership as the initial Limited Partner of the Partnership; and WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to continue the limited partnership and to amend and restate the Original Agreement in its entirety; NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows: ARTICLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 1.01. Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein without definition have the meanings assigned to them in Appendix A hereto. SECTION 1.02. Partnership Name. The name of the Partnership is Greenhill Capital, L.P. SECTION 1.03. Office; Registered Agent. (a) The name and address of the Partnership's registered agent in the State of Delaware is: The Corporation Trust Company, Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19801. The Partnership shall maintain a registered office in the State of Delaware at the same address. (b) The business address of the General Partner shall be 31 West 52nd Street, 16th Floor, New York, New York 10019, U.S.A. or such other place as the General Partner shall determine in its discretion. SECTION 1.04. Continuation of the Partnership. The parties hereto hereby agree to continue the Partnership as a limited partnership under and pursuant to the Delaware Act. SECTION 1.05. Purposes of the Partnership. The purposes of the Partnership are (a) to identify potential Partnership Investments, (b) to acquire, hold and dispose of Partnership Investments, and (c) pending utilization or disbursement of funds of the Partnership, to invest such funds in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, in each case consistent with the objectives described in the Confidential Offering Memorandum. The Partnership shall have the power to do any and all acts necessary, appropriate, desirable, incidental or convenient to or for the furtherance of the purposes described in this Section 1.05, including, without limitation, any and all of the powers that may be exercised on behalf of the Partnership by the General Partner pursuant to this Agreement. SECTION 1.06. Liability of the Partners Generally. (a) Except as otherwise provided in the Delaware Act, the General Partner shall have the liabilities of a partner in a partnership without limited partners to any Person other than the Partnership and the Limited Partners. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or the Delaware Act, the General Partner shall have the liabilities of a partner in a partnership without limited partners to the Partnership and each Limited Partner. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or the Delaware Act, no Limited Partner (or former Limited Partner) shall be obligated to make any contribution to the Partnership or have any liability for the debts and obligations of the Partnership. SECTION 1.07. Admission of Limited Partners; Additional Limited Partners; Increase of Capital Commitments. (a) On the first Closing Date, each Person whose subscription for a limited partner interest in the Partnership has been accepted by the General Partner shall become a Limited Partner (and shall be shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership) upon (i) execution and delivery by (or, pursuant to a power of attorney, on behalf of) such Person and the General Partner of counterparts of this Agreement and (ii) making a Capital Contribution in accordance with Section 5.01. (b) On the first Closing Date, following the admission of any Limited Partner to the Partnership, the initial Limited Partner shall withdraw from the Partnership and shall be entitled to receive the return of his contribution without interest or deduction. 2 (c) At any time during the Commitment Period, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to admit additional Limited Partners or to allow any existing Limited Partner to increase its original Capital Commitment. A Person shall become such an additional Limited Partner (and shall be shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership) upon execution and delivery by (or, pursuant to a power of attorney, on behalf of) such Person and the General Partner of counterparts of this Agreement, subject to the terms of this Section 1.07. Neither the admission of any additional Limited Partner to the Partnership nor the increase in the original Capital Commitment of any existing Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 1.07 shall require the approval of any Limited Partner existing immediately prior to such admission or increase. (d) Any additional Limited Partner admitted to the Partnership on any Closing Date other than the first Closing Date (and, to the extent of any increase in its Capital Commitment on any such subsequent Closing Date, any Limited Partner so increasing its Capital Commitment) (each such Limited Partner, a "New Commitment Partner", and each such Limited Partner's new or increased Capital Commitment, a "New Commitment") shall pay to the Partnership an amount equal to Capital Contributions requested in accordance with Section 5.01 with respect to such New Commitment (pro rated, if necessary, for the remainder of the then-current semi- annual period). (e) On the first Closing Date, or during the 30 days immediately following the first Closing Date (the "Initial Closing Period"), the General Partner will cause the Partnership and the Related Funds to make an Investment in the securities identified on Schedule 1 hereto (the "Pre-Closing Investments"), and the General Partner will transfer the Pre-Closing Investments to the Partnership and Related Funds. Each transfer of a Pre-Closing Investment shall be treated as a contribution by the General Partner to the Partnership of such Pre-Closing Investment and shall result in an increase in the capital account of the General Partner in an amount (the "Designated Amount") equal to the sum of (i) the original acquisition cost of the Pre-Closing Investment (the "Original Acquisition Cost") and (ii) a notional interest charge in respect of the Original Acquisition Cost equal to 6% per annum calculated from the date of original acquisition of such Pre-Closing Investment by the General Partner until the effective date of the transfer of such Pre-Closing Investment to the Partnership and the Related Funds (the "Contribution Date"), net of any payments received by the General Partner prior to the Contribution Date in respect of such Pre-Closing Investment. Each Limited Partner admitted on or prior to the Contribution Date shall, on or prior to the date on which such Limited Partner is admitted, make Capital Contributions in accordance with Section 5.01 with respect to such Pre-Closing Investments and any additional Capital Contributions as may be requested by the General Partner for Temporary Cash Funds. As of the Contribution Date, each Partner will be deemed to have made an investment in each Pre-Closing Investment, and the Invested Capital of each Partner will be equal to its Available Commitment Percentage of the Designated Amount for such Pre- Closing Investment. The amounts contributed to the Partnership by the Limited Partners in respect of any Pre-Closing 3 Investment shall be distributed promptly to the General Partner until the General Partner has received an amount equal to 99% of the Designated Amount. (f) No New Commitment Partner admitted after the Initial Closing Period shall, with respect to its New Commitment, participate in any Investment made by the Partnership prior to the Closing Date on which such New Commitment is made to the Partnership. (g) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Partnership and the General Partner, on its own behalf or on behalf of the Partnership, shall enter into and carry out the terms of the Management Agreement, subscription agreements with the Limited Partners, and any other agreements to induce a Person to purchase a limited partner interest in the Partnership (each, a "Side Letter"), without any further act, approval or vote of any Partner or other Person. ARTICLE 2 MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF THE PARTNERSHIP SECTION 2.01. Management Generally. (a) The management and control of the Partnership shall be vested exclusively in the General Partner. The Limited Partners shall have no part in the management or control of the Partnership and shall have no authority or right to act on behalf of the Partnership in connection with any matter. (b) The General Partner shall have the right to delegate certain management and administrative responsibilities set forth in Section 2.02 to the Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement. The Manager shall have the authority and right to act on behalf of the Partnership to the extent (but only to the extent) such authority or right is provided for in the Management Agreement. Each Limited Partner shall be furnished with a copy of the Management Agreement as in effect from time to time. SECTION 2.02. Authority of the General Partner. The General Partner shall have the power on behalf of and in the name of the Partnership or in its own name or through other agents to carry out any and all of the objects and purposes of the Partnership in accordance with, and subject to the limitations contained in, this Agreement and to perform all acts which it may, in its discretion, deem necessary or desirable in connection therewith, including, without limitation, the power to: 4 (a) identify and evaluate investment opportunities for the Partnership; (b) acquire, hold, manage, restructure, own, sell, transfer, convey, assign, exchange, pledge or otherwise dispose of any investment, asset or instrument made or held by the Partnership; (c) open accounts with banks, brokerage firms or other financial institutions, and deposit, maintain and withdraw funds in the name of the Partnership and draw checks or other orders for the payment of moneys; (d) enter into, and take any action under, any contract, agreement or other instrument as the General Partner shall determine, in its discretion, to be necessary or desirable to further the purposes of the Partnership, including granting or refraining from granting any waivers, consents and approvals with respect to any of the foregoing and any matters incident thereto; (e) bring and defend actions and proceedings at law or in equity and before any governmental, administrative or other regulatory agency, body or commission; (f) employ, on behalf of the Partnership, any and all financial advisers, underwriters, attorneys, accountants, consultants, appraisers, custodians of the assets of the Partnership, or other agents, on such terms and for such compensation as the General Partner may determine, whether or not such Person may be an Affiliate of the General Partner, the Manager or Greenhill or may also be otherwise employed by any such Affiliate, and terminate such employment; (g) make all elections, investigations, evaluations and decisions, binding the Partnership thereby, that may, in the discretion of the General Partner, be necessary or desirable for the acquisition, management or disposition of investments by the Partnership; (h) enter into and perform any agency cross transaction in which the General Partner, the Manager, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates acts as broker for both the Partnership and a party on the other side of the transaction; (i) subject to Section 2.04, arrange financing for or on behalf of the Partnership or any Limited Partner, on such terms as the General Partner shall determine in its discretion, to pay Partnership Expenses or to make Partnership Investments; (j) incur expenses and other obligations, and make payments, on behalf of the Partnership in its own name or in the name of the Partnership, including payment of expenses and 5 other obligations with respect to the services referred to in clauses (f) and (h) of this Section 2.02; (k) subject to Section 2.05, lend funds to the Partnership or any Limited Partner; (l) establish reserves in accordance with this Agreement for contingencies and for any other Partnership purpose; (m) make distributions to the Limited Partners in cash or otherwise in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement; (n) prepare and cause to be prepared reports, statements and other information for distribution to the General Partner and the Limited Partners; (o) prepare and file all necessary U.S. and, if appropriate, non-U.S. tax returns and statements, pay all taxes, assessments and other impositions applicable to the assets of the Partnership, and withhold amounts with respect thereto from funds otherwise distributable to the General Partner or any Limited Partner; (p) maintain records and accounts of all operations and expenditures of the Partnership; (q) subject to Section 8.01, determine the accounting methods and conventions to be used in the preparation of any accounting or financial records of the Partnership; (r) convene meetings of the Limited Partners for any purpose; (s) effect a dissolution of the Partnership in accordance with Section 2.03 and Article 10; (t) form and structure Partnership Investments through Partnership Investment Vehicles pursuant to Section 3.03; (u) subject to Section 3.03(b) and Article 7, cause Partners to make Parallel Investments as Parallel Investors outside the Partnership; (v) enter into any hedging transaction (including without limitation hedging for interest rate, currency and other market and investment risks) as the General Partner shall determine to be necessary or desirable to further the purposes of the Partnership; and (w) act for and on behalf of the Partnership in all matters incidental to the foregoing. 6 SECTION 2.03. Other Authority. The General Partner agrees to use its reasonable best efforts to operate the Partnership in such a way that (i) the Partnership would not be an "investment company" within the meaning of the Investment Company Act (except for purposes of Sections 12(d)(1)(A)(i) and (B)(i) thereunder), (ii) none of the Partnership's assets would be deemed to be "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, (iii) the General Partner and the Manager would be in compliance with the Advisers Act, and (iv) each of the Partnership, the General Partner, the Manager, Greenhill and any Affiliate of any such Person would be in compliance with any other material law, regulation or guideline applicable to the Partnership, the General Partner, the Manager, Greenhill or such Affiliate. The General Partner is hereby authorized to take any action it has determined in good faith to be necessary or desirable in order for (i) the Partnership not to be in violation of the Investment Company Act, (ii) the Partnership's assets not to be deemed to be "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, (iii) the General Partner and the Manager not to be in violation of the Advisers Act or (iv) each of the Partnership, the General Partner, the Manager, Greenhill or any Affiliate of any such Person not to be in violation of any other material law, regulation or guideline applicable to the Partnership, the General Partner, the Manager, Greenhill or such Affiliate, including (A) subject to clauses (i)-(iv) of Section 13.01, making structural, operating or other changes in the Partnership by amending this Agreement or the Management Agreement or otherwise, (B) requiring the sale in whole or in part of any Investment or other asset, (C) canceling or reducing the Capital Commitment or Available Capital Commitment of any Limited Partner, (D) requiring the sale in whole or in part of any Limited Partner's interest in the Partnership or otherwise causing the withdrawal of any Limited Partner from the Partnership, or (E) dissolving the Partnership. Any action taken by the General Partner pursuant to this Section 2.03 shall not require the approval of any Limited Partner. SECTION 2.04. Borrowings by the Partnership. The General Partner shall have the right, in its sole discretion, to cause the Partnership to borrow money from, or guarantee the indebtedness of, any Person (including the General Partner or any Affiliate of the General Partner); (i) to finance investments in advance of drawdowns pursuant to Article 5 (provided that such borrowings or guarantees shall not be incurred in an amount in excess of the aggregate Available Capital Commitments) or (ii) for short-term cash management purposes in connection with the activities of the Partnership (provided that such borrowings and guarantees shall not exceed $2 million in outstanding principal amount borrowed or guaranteed at any time). SECTION 2.05. Other Activities. (a) Each Investor (i) represents and warrants that such Investor has carefully reviewed and understood the information contained in the Confidential Offering Memorandum, and (ii) acknowledges and agrees that the General Partner, the Manager, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates may engage, without liability to the Partnership or the Limited Partners except as provided in Section 9.01(a), in any and all of the activities of the type or character described or contemplated in this Section 2.05 and in the Confidential Offering Memorandum under the caption "Risk Factors--Other Fees", "--Other Activities" and "--Potential Conflicts of Interest" or elsewhere therein, whether or not such activities have or could have an effect on the Partnership's affairs (or, if 7 applicable, on any Parallel Investor's affairs) or on any Investment, and that no such activity will in and of itself constitute a breach of any duty owed by any Indemnified Person to the Limited Partners or the Partnership. Without limiting the generality of any of the foregoing, the General Partner and each Investor acknowledge and agree that: (A) although the General Partner intends generally to identify appropriate investment opportunities for the Partnership (and, if applicable, for any Parallel Investor), none of the General Partner, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates shall have any obligation under this Agreement, except as (and only to the extent) provided in Section 3.05, to offer to the Partnership or any Investor any particular investment opportunity; (B) (1) the General Partner, the Manager, Greenhill and any of their respective Affiliates, and any officer or employee of any such Person shall be required to devote only such time to the affairs of the Partnership, any Partnership Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investment Vehicle and any Parallel Investment as they shall determine in their reasonable discretion may be necessary or appropriate to manage and operate the Partnership, any Partnership Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investment Vehicle and any Parallel Investment, and each such Person, to the extent not otherwise directed by the General Partner (but subject to Section 3.05(b) and the other provisions of this Agreement), shall be free to serve and may be compensated by any other Person or enterprise in any capacity (including serving the Partnership in any capacity other than as a general partner or as an investment advisor or otherwise) that it may deem appropriate in its discretion; and (2) the General Partner may enter into incentive arrangements with Persons not associated with the General Partner or Greenhill as it deems appropriate in consideration of their providing services in connection with sourcing of Investments; and (C) in addition to the transactions specifically contemplated by this Agreement, Greenhill and any of its Affiliates shall have the right to perform services for, and to receive compensation from, the Partnership, any Partner (including, if applicable, as a Parallel Investor), any Partnership Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investment Vehicle, any Related Fund, any Portfolio Company or Related Person (whether before or after or in connection with the making of the applicable Investment). Subject to Section 2.05(a)(ii)(D), such compensation may include, without limitation, investment banking or advisory fees, fees in connection with restructurings and mergers and acquisitions, and underwriting or placement fees. In addition, Greenhill, each such Affiliate and any officer or employee of any such Person shall have the right to purchase property (including securities) from, to sell property (including securities) or lend funds to, or otherwise to deal with, the Partnership, any Partner (including, if applicable, as a Parallel Investor), any Partnership Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investment Vehicle, any Related Fund, any Portfolio Company or any Related Person (whether before or after or in connection with the making of the applicable Investment); provided that any such dealing (other 8 than those specifically contemplated by this Agreement) shall not otherwise be in violation of this Agreement; and provided further that each Limited Partner hereby consents to the contribution of Pre-Closing Investments by the General Partner to the Partnership. Each Investor further acknowledges and agrees that the performance of such services, the purchase or sale of such property, the lending of such funds, other dealings, or the receipt of such compensation may give rise to conflicts of interest between the Partnership and the Investors (including, if applicable, as Parallel Investors), on the one hand, and Greenhill, such Affiliate, or such officer or employee, on the other hand, and that, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement, any such compensation will not be shared with the Partnership or any Investor; (D) any fees or other compensation received by Greenhill or any of its Affiliates from the Partnership, any Partner (including, if applicable, as a Parallel Investor), any Partnership Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investment Vehicle, any Related Fund, any Portfolio Company or Related Person at any time during the period the Partnership holds an Investment in the relevant Portfolio Company will be reasonable and will not exceed the amount that Greenhill or such Affiliates would customarily receive from third parties as fees or other compensation at such time for the performance of similar services in an arm's-length transaction; provided that the limitations set forth in this sentence shall be deemed to be satisfied with respect to the terms specifically contained in this Agreement; and (E) Greenhill, the General Partner and their respective Affiliates shall not lend money to the Partnership on other than arm's-length terms. (b) Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to limit in any respect the ability of any Investor (or Affiliate thereof), in its individual capacity, from making investments in, or otherwise engaging in business with, any Portfolio Company or in any Person in which Investments are proposed to be made or in any Affiliate of any such Person or from providing financing thereto, in addition to such Investor's Capital Contributions, if any, pursuant to this Agreement. SECTION 2.06. Books and Records; Accounting Method; Fiscal Year. (a) The General Partner shall keep or cause to be kept at the address of the General Partner (or at such other place as the General Partner shall advise the other Partners in writing) full and accurate books and records of the Partnership. Each Limited Partner shall be shown as a limited partner of the Partnership on such books and records. Subject to Section 2.08(b), such books and records shall be available, upon 10 Business Days' notice to the General Partner, for inspection at the offices of the General Partner (or such other location designated by the General Partner, in its discretion) at reasonable times during business hours on any Business Day by each Limited Partner or its duly authorized agents or representatives for a purpose reasonably related to such Limited Partner's interest in the Partnership. Each Limited Partner agrees that (i) such books and records contain confidential information relating to the Partnership and its 9 affairs, and (ii) the General Partner shall have the right to prohibit or otherwise limit, in its reasonable discretion, the making of any copies of such books and records. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Partnership's books of account shall be kept on the same basis followed by the Partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. (c) Unless otherwise required by law, the fiscal year of the Partnership for financial statement and U.S. federal income tax purposes shall end on December 31st. SECTION 2.07. Certain Tax Matters. (a) The General Partner shall cause to be prepared and timely filed all U.S. and, if appropriate, non-U.S. tax returns required to be filed for the Partnership. Subject to Section 13.14, the General Partner may, in its discretion, make, or refrain from making, any income or other tax elections for the Partnership that it deems necessary or advisable, including an election pursuant to Section 754 of the Code; provided that neither the General Partner nor any other Person shall make an election or take any other action that would cause the Partnership to be treated as a corporation, an association taxable as a corporation for U.S. income tax purposes or an "electing large partnership" under Section 775 of the Code. Each Limited Partner shall be responsible for preparing and filing all tax returns required to be filed by such Limited Partner. (b) The General Partner is hereby designated as the Partnership's "Tax Matters Partner" under Section 6231(a)(7) of the Code. The General Partner is specifically directed and authorized to take whatever steps the General Partner, in its discretion, deems necessary or desirable to perfect such designation, including filing any forms or documents with the Internal Revenue Service and taking such other action as may from time to time be required under Treasury regulations. Expenses of any administrative proceedings undertaken by the Tax Matters Partner shall be Partnership Expenses. Each Limited Partner who elects to participate in such proceedings shall be responsible for any expenses incurred by such Limited Partner in connection with such participation. The cost of any resulting audits or adjustments of a Limited Partner's tax return shall be borne solely by the affected Limited Partner. (c) Each Limited Partner shall notify the General Partner in a timely manner of its intention to: (i) file a notice of inconsistent treatment under Section 6222(b) of the Code; (ii) file a request for administrative adjustment of Partnership items; (iii) file a petition with respect to any Partnership item or other tax matters involving the Partnership; or (iv) enter into a settlement agreement with the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to any Partnership items. Upon any such notification, the General Partner may, if it agrees with such Limited Partner's position, elect (at its discretion) to make such filing or enter into such agreement, as applicable and practicable, on behalf of the Partnership. The cost of any resulting audits or adjustments of a Limited Partner's tax return shall be borne solely by the affected Limited Partner. 10 (d) The General Partner may, in its discretion, take appropriate steps on behalf of the Partnership that it deems necessary or advisable to comply with the tax laws of non-U.S. jurisdictions. (e) The General Partner shall use reasonable efforts to operate the Partnership in a manner that it believes, based on the advice of qualified counsel, does not cause any Limited Partner, by reason of its investment in the Partnership, to become subject to net income tax in any foreign jurisdiction with respect to income from sources other than the Partnership within that jurisdiction. SECTION 2.08. Confidentiality. (a) Each Investor agrees to keep confidential, and not to make any use of (other than for purposes reasonably related to its interest in the Partnership or any Parallel Investment or for purposes of filing such Investor's tax returns or for other routine matters required by law) nor to disclose to any Person, any information or matter relating to the Partnership and its affairs, including the identities of the other Investors, all offering materials used in connection with the marketing and private placement of limited partner interests in the Partnership (including, without limitation, the Confidential Offering Memorandum, this Agreement and the related subscription booklet), and any information or matter related to any Investment (other than disclosure to such Investor's employees, agents, accountants, advisors (including financial advisors) or representatives responsible for matters relating to the Partnership (each such Person being hereinafter referred to as an "Authorized Representative")); provided that such Investor and its Authorized Representatives may make such disclosure to the extent that (i) the information being disclosed is publicly known at the time of proposed disclosure by such Investor or Authorized Representative, (ii) the information otherwise is or becomes legally known to such Investor other than through disclosure by the Partnership, the General Partner, the Manager, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates, (iii) such disclosure, in the written opinion of legal counsel (including internal counsel) reasonably acceptable to the General Partner, is required by law or regulation, (iv) such disclosure is required to be made to any regulatory authority or self-regulatory organization having jurisdiction over such Investor, (v) such disclosure is made to the immediate parent company of such Investor which parent company has agreed to be bound by the obligations set forth in this Section 2.08(a) in an agreement naming the General Partner as a third-party beneficiary of such agreement which may not be amended without the consent of the General Partner, (vi) such disclosure is required in connection with the enforcement of any legal rights under this Agreement, or (vii) such disclosure is approved in advance by the General Partner. Prior to any disclosure to any Authorized Representative, each Investor shall advise such Authorized Representative of the obligations set forth in this Section 2.08(a) and obtain the agreement of such Person to be bound by the terms of such obligations. (b) The General Partner may, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, keep confidential from any Investor any information (including information requested by such Investor pursuant to Section 2.06, but excluding any information required to be furnished in a Drawdown Notice pursuant to Section 5.02(b) or 5.02(c) and excluding any information required to be furnished pursuant to Section 8.01) the disclosure of which (i) the Partnership, the General Partner, the Manager, Greenhill 11 or any of their respective Affiliates is required by law, agreement, or otherwise to keep confidential, or (ii) the General Partner reasonably believes may have an adverse effect on (A) the ability to entertain, negotiate or consummate any proposed Investment or any transaction directly or indirectly related to, or giving rise to, such Investment, (B) the Partnership, any Partnership Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investor or any Related Fund, or (C) any Portfolio Company with respect to any Investment or proposed Investment. SECTION 2.09. Annual Meeting. (a) The General Partner shall call a meeting of the Limited Partners at least once annually by giving notice of such meeting to each Limited Partner not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to such meeting. Such notice shall specify the time and place of such meeting and the number of Authorized Representatives of a Limited Partner who may attend. (b) Any Limited Partner not in attendance at a meeting of the Limited Partners shall be entitled to receive, upon request to the General Partner, a copy of any printed materials distributed to Limited Partners in attendance at such meeting. SECTION 2.10. LP Advisory Committee. (a) The General Partner will form an advisory committee of representatives of Limited Partners and limited partners of the Related Funds (the "LP Advisory Committee") and select on an annual basis three or more Limited Partners or limited partners of the Related Funds that will appoint their representatives to serve as members of the LP Advisory Committee for one-year terms. Neither the General Partner nor any of its Affiliates shall be a member of the LP Advisory Committee at any time. The LP Advisory Committee will consult with and advise the General Partner on such matters relating to the business of the Partnership or this Agreement as the General Partner may determine from time to time or any member of the LP Advisory Committee may reasonably propose to the General Partner; provided that, except with respect to the actions referred to in Section 2.10(b) and 6.05(b) below, any actions taken by the LP Advisory Committee shall be advisory only and the General Partner shall not be required or otherwise bound to act in accordance with any such actions. (b) Each Limited Partner agrees that, except as otherwise specifically provided herein and to the extent permitted by applicable law, in connection with any approval sought of the LP Advisory Committee at any time during the term of the Partnership (including without limitation the approval or disapproval of any potential conflicts of interest in any transaction or relationship between the Partnership and the General Partner, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates (including any approval in connection with any Investment (other than a Follow-On Investment) by the Partnership in, any acquisition of any Investment from, or any Disposition of any Investment to, the General Partner, Greenhill or such Affiliate and any approval in connection with any approval sought under the Advisers Act, including Section 206(3) thereunder)), the approval of a majority of the members of the LP Advisory Committee shall be binding upon the Partnership and each Partner. 12 (c) Any member of the LP Advisory Committee (i) may resign by giving the General Partner at least 30 days' prior written notice and (ii) shall be deemed removed if the Limited Partner such member represents becomes a Defaulting Investor. (d) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 2.10, (i) the LP Advisory Committee shall not possess or exercise any power that, if possessed or exercised by a Limited Partner, would constitute participation in the control of the business of the Partnership (within the meaning of the Delaware Act) and (ii) each Limited Partner with a representative serving on the LP Advisory Committee and such representative shall each be an Indemnified Person for purposes of Article 9. The Partnership will reimburse each member of the LP Advisory Committee for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by such member in connection with attendance by such member at meetings of the LP Advisory Committee. (e) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, in no event shall a member of the LP Advisory Committee be considered a general partner of the Partnership by agreement, estoppel, as a result of the performance of its duties, or otherwise. SECTION 2.11. Reliance by Third Parties. Persons dealing with the Partnership are entitled to rely conclusively upon the power and authority of the General Partner and the Manager as set forth in this Agreement and the Management Agreement. SECTION 2.12. Transaction Fees. (a) The Partners agree that, in connection with any Investment or proposed Investment, the Partnership's allocable portion of an amount equal to 80% of any Transaction Fees that are received by the General Partner, the Manager, Greenhill, or any of their respective Affiliates shall be remitted to the Partnership, and shall be allocated and distributed pursuant to Section 6.03. (b) Neither the Partnership nor the Investors shall be entitled to share directly or indirectly in any compensation received by the General Partner, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates from any Person, other than as provided in Section 2.12(a). SECTION 2.13. Temporary Investment of Funds. Subject to a determination by the General Partner in its discretion as to the amount of cash required in connection with the conduct of the Partnership's business, the General Partner shall invest all cash held by the Partnership in the following interest bearing instruments or accounts ("Temporary Investments"): (i) debt instruments issued or guaranteed by the United States or its agencies or instrumentalities, (ii) commercial paper rated "A-1" by Standard & Poor's Rating Group or "P-1" by Moody's Investors Services, Inc., (iii) interest-bearing deposits in commercial banks, savings and loan associations, brokerage firms or other financial institutions with a total capital and surplus of at least $250 million, (iv) bankers' acceptances or overnight time deposits (whether or not insured), (v) money market funds with assets of at least $100 13 million, (vi) similar quality short-term investments selected by the General Partner or (vii) repurchase agreements covering any of the foregoing investments. Cash held by the Partnership includes all amounts being held by the Partnership for future investment in Partnership Investments, payment of Partnership Expenses or distribution to the Partners. SECTION 2.14. Certain FCC Matters. (a) In addition to and not in derogation of other limitations in this Agreement on the powers and activities of the Limited Partners, at any time when the Partnership has an "attributable ownership interest" within the meaning of the rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission (the "FCC"), no Limited Partner (and if such Limited Partner is not an individual, no officer, director, partner or equivalent non-corporate official of such Limited Partner) shall: (i) act as an employee of the Partnership if such Limited Partner's functions directly or indirectly relate to any media-related activities of the Partnership or any Portfolio Company; (ii) serve, in any material capacity, as an independent contractor or agent with respect to any media-related activities of the Partnership or any Portfolio Company; (iii) communicate with the General Partner on matters pertaining to the day-to- day media-related activities of the Partnership or any Portfolio Company; (iv) perform any services for the Partnership materially relating to media-related activities of the Partnership; (v) subject to Section 10.02, vote to admit any additional or replacement General Partner to the Partnership unless such additional or replacement General Partner has been approved by each General Partner then existing; (vi) vote on the removal of a General Partner, unless the General Partner is subject to bankruptcy proceedings, is adjudicated incompetent by a court of competent jurisdiction or is found by a neutral arbiter to have engaged in malfeasance, criminal conduct or wanton or willful neglect; or (vii) become actively involved in the management or operation of any media- related activities of the Partnership or any Portfolio Company. (b) The General Partner may amend this Section 2.14 at any time without the approval of any Limited Partner to reflect changes in the rules and regulations of the FCC with respect to the insulation of limited partners of a partnership under the rules and regulations of the FCC with respect to "attributable ownership interests." 14 (c) If the Partnership makes any Investment in any entity licensed or regulated by the FCC (an "FCC Regulated Entity"), the General Partner shall obtain an opinion of counsel on the closing date of such Investment substantially to the effect that under the rules, regulations and policies of the FCC, such FCC Regulated Entity will not be attributed to such Limited Partner by virtue of its status as a Limited Partner. ARTICLE 3 INVESTMENTS SECTION 3.01. Partnership Investments Generally. The assets of the Partnership shall, to the extent not required for the payment of Partnership Expenses or otherwise necessary for the conduct of the Partnership's business (as determined by the General Partner in its discretion), and subject to Sections 2.13, 3.02 and Article 6, be invested in such Partnership Investments and Temporary Investments as the General Partner shall determine in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. SECTION 3.02. Investment Limitations. (a) Neither the Partnership nor, if applicable, any Parallel Investor shall make an Investment at any time in any Person or group of Affiliated Persons to the extent that, after giving effect to such Investment, (i) more than 25% of the Overall Capital at such time would be invested by the Partnership, the Related Funds and the Parallel Investors, collectively, in such Investment and in all other Investments outstanding at such time made in such Person or group, excluding any related Interim Financing or (ii) more than 35% of the Overall Capital at such time would be invested by the Partnership, the Related Funds and the Parallel Investors, collectively, in such Investment and in all other Investments outstanding at such time made in such Person or group, including any related Interim Financing. (b) At any time, (i) no more than 20% of the Overall Capital at such time shall be invested by the Partnership, the Related Funds and any Parallel Investors, collectively, in Interim Financings outstanding at such time and (ii) no more than 10% of the Overall Capital at such time shall be invested by the Partnership, the Related Funds and any Parallel Investors, collectively, in collateralized high-yield debt obligations outstanding at such time. (c) At any time (i) no more than 35% of Overall Capital at such time shall be invested by the Partnership, the Related Funds and the Parallel Investors, collectively, in Portfolio Companies primarily engaged in business outside of North America and (ii) no more than 10% of Overall Capital at such time shall be invested in Portfolio Companies primarily engaged in business outside of North America and Continental Europe (inclusive of the United Kingdom and Central Europe). 15 (d) If all or any portion of any Investment is subject to any Disposition, any determination pursuant to Section 3.02(a) or 3.02(b) made after the date of such Disposition shall be calculated after giving effect to such Disposition. SECTION 3.03. Structuring of Investments Generally; Certain Rules Governing Investments. (a) General Rule for Structuring Investments. Any investment opportunity covered by this Agreement may involve investing in one or more classes or series of securities of a Portfolio Company. Except as expressly provided otherwise in this Agreement, any Investment under this Agreement in one class or series of securities of a Portfolio Company pursuant to any investment opportunity shall be made by the Partnership directly or through a single Partnership Investment Vehicle, and all Partners shall participate in such Investment on the same terms and shall make Capital Contributions in respect of such Investment in accordance with Section 5.02. (b) Exceptions to the General Rule for Structuring Investments. Notwithstanding Section 3.03(a), but only to the extent necessary or desirable to address accounting, tax or regulatory considerations applicable to, or arising in connection with, any Investment, (i) the General Partner may, in its discretion, structure such Investment in one class or series of securities of a Portfolio Company pursuant to a single investment opportunity: (A) in part as a Partnership Investment, and (B) subject to Section 3.03(d) and in accordance with and subject to the provisions of Article 7, in part as a Parallel Investment by structuring the investment to be made by the General Partner and/or any Investor (other than any ERISA Partner), individually or together with other Parallel Investors, as an investment outside the Partnership (directly by such Investor and/or indirectly by the General Partner and such Investor through one or more Parallel Investment Vehicles); and (ii) if such Investment is structured in whole or in part as a Partnership Investment, such Partnership Investment may be made in whole or in any part as an investment directly by the Partnership and/or through one or more Partnership Investment Vehicles. If investments in such class or series pursuant to such investment opportunity are made pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.03(b) as separate Investment Portions, each Investment Portion shall be funded by Capital Contributions made by, and gains, losses, certain Investment Expenses and other items with respect to such Investment Portion shall be distributed and allocated to, the Participating Investors in such Investment Portion in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. The Investors acknowledge and agree that (x) the General Partner shall make all determinations with respect to structuring Investments pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this 16 Section 3.03(b) in its discretion, (y) the General Partner shall in no event be obligated to structure any Investment in order to address or give effect to the individual objectives or considerations of any Investor or group of Investors, and (z) the General Partner shall have no liability to the Partnership or any Investor arising from any such determination or from structuring any Investment in any particular manner except for any liability resulting from the General Partner's gross negligence or willful misconduct; provided that the General Partner shall have no liability to any Investor arising solely from its determination to structure an Investment pursuant to Section 3.03(a) rather than pursuant to this Section 3.03(b). (c) Investment Size of Each Investor in Different Investment Portions. With respect to each class or series of securities of a Portfolio Company in which an Investment is made pursuant to Section 3.03(b), (i) it is understood that each Investor shall be required to make a Capital Contribution in respect of such Investment in such class or series in an amount determined in accordance with Section 5.02; (ii) if such Investment in such class or series is structured to consist of separate Investment Portions and the General Partner causes different groups of Investors to be Participating Investors in different Investment Portions, (A) no Investor shall be a Participating Investor in more than one Investment Portion with respect to the same Investment, and (B) any Investor that makes an aggregate Capital Contribution in accordance with clause (i) of this Section 3.03(c) with respect to one Investment Portion shall be deemed to have an Available Capital Commitment equal to zero for purposes of all other Investment Portions (if any) comprising such Investment; and (iii) the General Partner shall be permitted (but shall not be required) to make Capital Contributions in respect of one or more Investment Portions with respect to such Investment; provided that if the General Partner makes an aggregate Capital Contribution in accordance with clause (i) of this Section 3.03(c) with respect to such Investment Portion or Investment Portions, the General Partner shall be deemed to have an Available Capital Commitment equal to zero for purposes of all other Investment Portions (if any) comprising such Investment. (d) Structuring of Parallel Investments. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement to the contrary: (i) no Investment shall be structured in any part as a Parallel Investment pursuant to Section 3.03(b) at any time if (A) the structuring or making of such Parallel Investment would have a material adverse effect at such time on any Limited Partner (including the loss of limited liability) or on any Limited Partner's interest in the applicable Investment and (B) such effect 17 would be avoided at such time were the applicable Investment to consist entirely of a Partnership Investment; (ii) no ERISA Partner shall be permitted or required to make a Capital Contribution in respect of, or to participate in, any Parallel Investment; (iii) no Investor shall be permitted or required to make a Capital Contribution in respect of, or to participate in, any Parallel Investment if participation by such Investor in such Parallel Investment would result in a violation of law by such Investor; (iv) in connection with a single investment opportunity, no Investor shall be permitted or required to make a Capital Contribution with respect to, or to participate in, both a Partnership Investment and a Parallel Investment in respect of the same class or series of securities of a Portfolio Company (provided that the General Partner shall be permitted (but shall not be required) to make a Capital Contribution with respect to, and to participate in, both a Partnership Investment and a Parallel Investment with respect to the same Investment); and (v) no Investor shall be permitted or required to make a Capital Contribution with respect to, or to participate in, any proposed Parallel Investment pursuant to a single investment opportunity unless a Partnership Investment also has been, or concurrently will be, made pursuant to such investment opportunity in securities of the same class or series as those comprising such proposed Parallel Investment. (e) Certain Rules Regarding Investments and Investment Portions. For purposes of this Agreement: (i) whenever an Investment is structured as described in Section 3.03(b), each of the following components of such Investment shall constitute a separate "Investment Portion": (A) a direct investment by the Partnership; (B) each investment by the Partnership through a separate Partnership Investment Vehicle; (C) each direct investment by a Parallel Investor; and (D) each investment (by one or more Parallel Investors) through a separate Parallel Investment Vehicle; 18 (ii) all securities of a Portfolio Company of the same class or series that are acquired at the same price pursuant to a single investment opportunity under this Agreement shall be treated as a single "Investment," regardless of whether such securities are acquired (A) in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, (B) in part as a Partnership Investment and in part as a Parallel Investment, or (C) through one or more Investment Portions (provided that (x) the securities issued upon exercise, exchange or conversion of any Convertible Securities shall constitute the same Investment as the Investment in such Convertible Securities and (y) a Follow-On Investment shall be treated as a separate Investment from the Investment (the "Original Investment") to which such Follow-On Investment relates); (iii) all securities of a Portfolio Company of the same class or series acquired pursuant to a single investment opportunity (A) if acquired by the Partnership (directly and/or indirectly through one or more Partnership Investment Vehicles), shall be treated as a single Partnership Investment, and (B) if acquired by one or more Parallel Investors (directly or indirectly through one or more Parallel Investment Vehicles), shall be treated as a single Parallel Investment of such Participating Parallel Investors; (iv) different classes or series of securities of a Portfolio Company shall be treated as separate Investments, regardless of whether such securities are acquired pursuant to a single investment opportunity; and (v) different classes or series of securities of a Portfolio Company (A) if acquired by the Partnership, shall be treated as separate Partnership Investments, and (B) if acquired by one or more Parallel Investors, shall be treated as separate Parallel Investments. SECTION 3.04. Investment Committee. The Limited Partners (including, if applicable, as Parallel Investors) acknowledge, approve and agree that (i) the General Partner may delegate the authority to approve all Investments and/or all dispositions thereof to a committee which is comprised of officers or employees of the General Partner, Greenhill or their respective Affiliates, which officers or employees shall be selected by the General Partner in its sole discretion and (ii) any such approval of an Investment or disposition thereof by such committee shall be conclusive and no further action or determination by the General Partner shall be required with respect to such approval. The General Partner may, in its discretion, at any time change the composition of or the number of persons serving on such committee and any appointments made by the General Partner shall be conclusive upon the Partnership and all of the Limited Partners (including as Parallel Investors). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, in no event shall a member of any such committee be considered a general partner of the Partnership by agreement, estoppel, as a result of the performance of its duties, or otherwise. 19 SECTION 3.05. Restriction on Activities by Greenhill Entities; Obligation to Offer. (a) Until the termination of the Commitment Period, Greenhill, the General Partner and their respective Affiliates may not participate in the management of any new limited partnership (or other pooled investment vehicle or entity) which has investment objectives that are substantially the same as the objectives of the Partnership (a "Competing Fund"); provided that this Section 3.05(a) shall not apply to (i) any Related Fund, including those organized after the first Closing Date or (ii) the Barrow Street Fund (or related or successor funds). (b) Until the termination of the Commitment Period, Greenhill, the General Partner and their respective Affiliates will offer to the Partnership and the Related Funds the exclusive opportunity to invest in Private Equity Securities in the United States, Canada and Europe that are made available to Greenhill, the General Partner or any such Affiliate for investment as principal for its own account and that fit the investment criteria of the Partnership; provided that this Section 3.05(b) shall not apply to (i) any investment or acquisition made by Greenhill, the General Partner or any of their respective Affiliates for strategic purposes or otherwise in connection with or incidental to the operating business of any such Person; (ii) any investment opportunity developed or originated by an unaffiliated third party co-investor or joint venture partner and made available only specifically to Greenhill, the General Partner or one of their respective Affiliates pursuant to a contractual obligation or a fiduciary duty of such third party; (iii) any investment related to any existing investment of Greenhill, the General Partner or one of their respective Affiliates; (iv) any investment received by Greenhill, the General Partner or one of their respective Affiliates as compensation for investment banking or advisory services; (v) any investment made in real estate or real estate related companies, any investment by the Barrow Street Fund (or related or successor funds) or other funds having the investment objective of investing primarily in real estate or real estate related companies; and (vi) any investment of $3 million or less (determined in the aggregate for Greenhill, the General Partner and their respective Affiliates). Greenhill, the General Partner or any of their respective Affiliates may make any investment that the General Partner elects not to make on behalf of the Partnership, and the General Partner will disclose any such investment at the next succeeding meeting of the LP Advisory Committee. SECTION 3.06. Related Funds. (a) The Limited Partners acknowledge and agree that the General Partner may establish an investment vehicle or vehicles to co-invest with the Partnership in investment opportunities on a side-by side basis (each, a "Related Fund"). (b) In connection with each investment opportunity pursuant to which any Investment is made under this Agreement at any time, each Related Fund shall, to the extent such Related Fund has funds available for investment, co-invest with the Partnership with respect to each Investment made pursuant to such investment opportunity on terms substantially the same as those applicable to the corresponding Investment in such investment opportunity, except to the extent necessary to address regulatory or other legal considerations (it being understood that the terms applicable to the investors of such Related Fund may differ from the terms applicable to the Limited Partners, including whether such investors will 20 be subject to a management fee or a carried interest). Each co-investment by a Related Fund in the securities of a Portfolio Company shall be made in the same class or series of securities as the Investment by the Partnership in an amount that is in the same proportion to the aggregate Investment by the Partnership as the proportion that the aggregate capital commitments of such Related Fund bears to the Overall Commitment of the Partnership, except, in either case, to the extent necessary to address regulatory or other legal considerations. (c) A Related Fund shall not at any time sell, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of any securities that were acquired as a co-investment with the Partnership in the same investment opportunity as contemplated by Section 3.06(b) unless (i) the Partnership also sells, exchanges, transfers or otherwise disposes of, at substantially the same time, securities that were acquired by the Partnership in such investment opportunity (it being understood that the Disposition of securities comprising all or part of an Investment shall be effected in accordance with Section 3.08), and the aggregate amount of such securities sold, exchanged, transferred or otherwise disposed of by the Partnership (and Parallel Investors, if any) and such Related Fund is pro rata in proportion to the aggregate amount respectively invested by the Partnership (and Parallel Investors, if any) and such Related Fund in such securities, and (ii) on terms that, except to the extent necessary to address regulatory or other legal considerations, are substantially the same as those applicable to such sale, exchange, transfer or other disposition by the Partnership at such time (it being understood that in connection with any sale or other disposition of securities for cash by the Partnership, such Related Fund shall be permitted to sell or otherwise dispose of securities for cash and/or distribute securities in kind). SECTION 3.07. Additional Investment Situations. If, in connection with an investment opportunity in respect of Private Equity Securities of a Portfolio Company, the Partnership (and the Parallel Investors, if any) and each Related Fund commit to invest in an amount of such Private Equity Securities, and the amount of Private Equity Securities offered to all such Persons with respect to such investment opportunity (which amount, in the case of the Partnership and the Parallel Investors (if any), shall be determined, for purposes of this Section 3.07, without reference to Section 3.02) exceeds the amount so committed to be invested, the General Partner may, in its discretion, present to any other Person or Persons (who may include any Partner, in which case any investment by such Partner pursuant to this Section 3.07 shall be in addition to its Capital Contributions, if any, required under this Agreement) the opportunity to make an investment outside the Partnership (which shall not constitute an Investment under this Agreement) in all or any portion of the amount of such Private Equity Securities remaining after taking into account the Investment, if any, by the Partnership and Parallel Investors, if any, and the investments, if any, by the Related Funds. Any such investment by any other Person shall be in an amount of securities and on terms determined by the General Partner in its discretion and accepted by such Person desiring to make such investment. 21 Any amount invested by any Investor pursuant to this Section 3.07 shall in no way affect the Available Capital Commitment of such Investor and any amount so invested shall not constitute a Capital Contribution for purposes of this Agreement. SECTION 3.08. General Principles on the Disposition of Investments. (a) Disposition of Securities Attributable to a Single Investment. Upon the Disposition of any single class or series of securities, where such securities are attributable to a single Investment (as determined pursuant to Section 3.03(e)(ii)) and such securities were acquired in a series of related transactions, the General Partner shall select the securities for such Disposition pro rata from each such transaction in proportion to the amount of Invested Capital at such time with respect to each such transaction. If any single Investment is structured as more than one Investment Portion, the General Partner shall select securities for Disposition from each such Investment Portion, pro rata in proportion to the aggregate amount of Invested Capital at such time in each such Investment Portion, and if the securities comprising such Investment were acquired in a series of related transactions, within each Investment Portion the General Partner shall select the securities for such Disposition pro rata from each such transaction in proportion to the amount of Invested Capital in such Investment Portion at such time with respect to each such transaction. (b) Disposition of Securities Attributable to More than One Investment. Upon the Disposition of any single class or series of securities at any time, where such securities are attributable to more than one Investment, the General Partner shall select the securities subject to such Disposition pro rata from each such Investment, in proportion to the aggregate amount of Invested Capital at such time in each such Investment. Within each such Investment, the General Partner shall select the securities subject to such Disposition in accordance with Section 3.08(a). (c) Actions by the General Partner. The General Partner shall take all actions necessary or desirable, as determined by the General Partner in its discretion, in order to give effect for United States federal income tax purposes to the attribution of any cash or other property to particular shares (or principal amount) of securities as contemplated by this Section 3.08, including giving instructions to and receiving confirmations from appropriate Persons evidencing such attribution. SECTION 3.09. Non-U.S. Currency Considerations. (a) At the time any cash is received in a currency other than U.S. dollars for payment (as distributions or otherwise) to the Investors in connection with any Investment, (i) subject to clause (ii) below, if such cash is to be paid to Investors (as a distribution or otherwise) in U.S. dollars, the General Partner shall effect the conversion of such cash into U.S. dollars, at the applicable exchange rate then in effect, as soon as practicable after such cash is received; and 22 (ii) if, pursuant to the last sentence of Section 6.05(a), such cash is to be paid to Investors in the currency in which it is received, the General Partner shall determine the U.S. dollar equivalent of such cash, based upon the applicable exchange rate in effect on the date such cash is received, for purposes of Article 6. (b) Currency translations in connection with the valuation of non-cash property that is to be distributed in kind shall be made in the manner set forth in Section 6.05(b) for purposes of Article 6. ARTICLE 4 EXPENSES SECTION 4.01. Definition and Payment of General Partner Expenses. As between the General Partner and the Partnership, the General Partner shall be solely responsible for and shall pay all General Partner Expenses. As used herein, the term "General Partner Expenses" means all compensation and employee benefit expenses of employees of the General Partner and the Manager and related overhead (including rent, utilities, travel, entertainment and other similar items) resulting from the activities of such employees on behalf of the Partnership or in connection with this Agreement and Organizational Expenses in excess of Partnership Organizational Expenses. SECTION 4.02. Definition and Payment of Partnership Expenses. (a) The Partnership shall be responsible for and shall pay all Partnership Expenses. As used herein, the term "Partnership Expenses" means all expenses or obligations of the Partnership or otherwise incurred by the General Partner or the Manager in connection with this Agreement (other than General Partner Expenses, any Parallel Investment Expenses and the obligation of the Partnership to pay the purchase price for any Partnership Investment), including: (i) all Partnership Organizational Expenses payable by the Partnership or the General Partner or any other Person in connection with the offering of limited partner interests in the Partnership; (ii) all expenses directly attributable to any Partnership Investment or proposed Partnership Investment that is ultimately not made by the Partnership, including all unreimbursed expenses incurred in connection with the making, holding, refinancing, pledging, sale or other disposition or proposed refinancing, pledging, sale or other disposition of all or any portion of such Partnership Investment, any Partnership Investment Vehicle Expenses with respect to such Partnership Investment, and any Indemnification Obligation arising with respect to such Partnership Investment (collectively, "Partnership Investment Expenses"); and 23 (iii) all other expenses of the Partnership incurred in connection with the ongoing operation and administration of the Partnership that are not reimbursed by a Portfolio Company (collectively, "Partnership Administrative Expenses"), including (A) the maintenance of the Partnership's books and records, (B) the preparation and delivery to the Limited Partners of checks, financial reports, and other information pursuant to this Agreement, (C) the holding of annual meetings of the Partnership, (D) expenses incurred in connection with the dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership, (E) any Indemnification Obligation arising other than with respect to any Investment, (F) the Borrowing Costs and (G) out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the LP Advisory Committee. (b) The parties agree that all of the following (to the extent not constituting General Partner Expenses) constitute Partnership Expenses, and are some, but not necessarily all, of the types of expenses that may constitute Partnership Investment Expenses, Partnership Administrative Expenses or Organizational Expenses, depending upon the context in which such expenses are incurred: (i) expenses incurred in connection with obtaining legal, tax, and accounting advice and the advice of other consultants and experts on behalf of the Partnership; (ii) expenses incurred in connection with the registration, qualification, or exemption of the Partnership under any applicable laws; (iii) out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the collection of amounts due to the Partnership from any Person; (iv) expenses incurred in connection with the preparation of amendments to this Agreement; (v) any taxes imposed on the Partnership, including any taxes imposed on the Partnership or the General Partner in the capacity of withholding agent with respect to a Limited Partner (and any interest, penalties or expenses relating to any such taxes), and any expenses incurred in connection with tax proceedings that are characterized as Partnership Expenses pursuant to Section 2.07; (vi) expenses incurred in connection with any Proceeding involving the Partnership (including the cost of any investigation and preparation) and the amount of any judgment or settlement paid in connection therewith; provided that (i) any such expenses which, if incurred by any Indemnified Person, would not be indemnifiable under Article 9, shall not constitute Partnership Expenses and (ii) expenses incurred by an Indemnified Person in connection with any litigation brought by or on behalf of one or more Limited Partners having at least 20% of 24 the Overall Capital shall not constitute Partnership Expenses and such Indemnified Person shall not be entitled to be indemnified for such expenses pursuant to Article 9 until such litigation is resolved, in which event such expenses shall become Partnership Expenses and such Indemnified Person shall be indemnified as (but only to the extent) provided in Article 9; and (vii) any Indemnification Obligation and any other indemnity, contribution, or reimbursement obligations of the Partnership with respect to any Person, whether payable in connection with a Proceeding involving the Partnership or otherwise. SECTION 4.03. Responsibility for Partnership Expenses Among the Partners. The Partners agree that, as among the Partners, responsibility for Partnership Expenses shall be determined as set forth in this Section 4.03 and shall be paid out of the funds set forth in Section 4.04 at such time after such Partnership Expenses arise as the General Partner determines in its discretion: (a) General Rule for Funding of Partnership Expenses. Except as set forth in Section 4.03(b), any Partnership Expense shall be funded by the Partners pro rata in accordance with their respective Commitment Percentages. (b) Exceptions to the General Rule for Funding of Partnership Expenses. Notwithstanding Section 4.03(a): (i) subject to clauses (ii) and (vi) below, any Partnership Investment Expenses directly attributable to any Partnership Investment shall be funded by only those Partners who are Participating Partners with respect to such Partnership Investment (but not by any other Partner), pro rata in accordance with their respective Partnership Investment Percentages with respect to such Partnership Investment; provided that any Indemnification Obligation directly attributable to any Investment shall be funded by those Investors who are Participating Investors (including, if applicable, as Parallel Investors) with respect to the applicable Investment (but not by any other Investor), pro rata in accordance with their respective Investment Percentages with respect to such Investment; (ii) subject to clause (vi) below, with respect to a Partnership Investment for which any Partnership Investment Vehicle is formed, the Partnership Investment Vehicle Expenses attributable to such Partnership Investment Vehicle shall be funded by only those Participating Investors who participated in such Partnership Investment through such Partnership Investment Vehicle (calculated on the basis of such Participating Partners' respective Investment Percentages without giving effect to the Invested Capital of any Participating Investor who did not participate through such Partnership Investment Vehicle); 25 (iii) any Partnership Investment Expense with respect to any proposed Partnership Investment that is ultimately not made by the Partnership shall be funded by the Partners, pro rata in accordance with their respective Available Commitment Percentages; (iv) in the event that any Limited Partner initiates any Proceeding against the Partnership or the LP Advisory Committee and a judgment or order not subject to further appeal or discretionary review is rendered in respect of such Proceeding in favor of the Partnership or the LP Advisory Committee, as the case may be, such Limited Partner shall be solely liable for all costs and expenses of the Partnership or the LP Advisory Committee, as the case may be, attributable thereto; (v) the Partners' respective shares of Partnership Expenses may be adjusted to reflect the share of Partnership Expenses of any New Commitment Partner pursuant to Section 1.07(d); and (vi) the General Partner may determine that any Partnership Expense shall be funded by the Partners on a basis other than Commitment Percentages, Available Commitment Percentages, Partnership Investment Percentages or Investment Percentages, as the case may be, and/or by certain (but not all) Partners if the General Partner reasonably determines that such other basis is clearly more equitable. SECTION 4.04. Sources of Funds for Funding by the Partners of Partnership Expenses. The Partners acknowledge that Partnership Expenses shall be funded by or for the account of the Partners, to the extent provided in Section 4.03, through any one or more of the following sources of funds of the Partnership, determined by the General Partner in its discretion: (i) Capital Contributions by the Partners in accordance with Article 5; (ii) the withholding, pursuant to Section 6.05, of amounts (whether realized through the sale of Partnership assets or otherwise) distributable to the Partners; (iii) reserves set aside pursuant to Section 6.05; or (iv) amounts required to be contributed by the Limited Partners pursuant to Section 9.03 in the case of Partnership Expenses arising from any Indemnification Obligation. 26 SECTION 4.05. Non-Applicability of Article 4 to Parallel Investment Expenses. The provisions of Sections 4.03 and 4.04 shall not apply, and the provisions of Section 7.02 shall apply, with respect to any Parallel Investment Expenses. ARTICLE 5 CAPITAL COMMITMENTS AND CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS SECTION 5.01. Capital Commitments. (a) Each Partner hereby agrees: (i) to make Capital Contributions in respect of Temporary Cash Funds and Investments (other than Follow-On Investments) from time to time as hereinafter set forth in this Article 5; provided that the applicable Drawdown Notice with respect to any Capital Contribution by a Partner in respect of Temporary Cash Funds or an Investment (other than a Follow-On Investment) is delivered to such Partner prior to the termination of the Commitment Period (except that such Drawdown Notice may be delivered to such Partner after the termination of the Commitment Period if such Drawdown Notice relates (A) to an Investment (other than a Follow-On Investment) that the Partnership committed to make prior to the termination of the Commitment Period or (B) to an Investment in Convertible Securities in connection with the exercise, exchange or conversion of such Convertible Securities); and (ii) to make Capital Contributions in respect of Expenses and Follow-On Investments from time to time (whether before or after termination of the Commitment Period) as hereinafter set forth in this Article 5; provided that (A) the aggregate amount of Follow-On Investments made at any time after the termination of the Commitment Period shall not exceed the lesser of (x) 15% of the aggregate Capital Commitments of all the Partners at such time and (y) the aggregate Available Capital Commitments of the Investors and (B) any such Follow-On Investment must be made on or prior to the second anniversary of the termination of the Commitment Period. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement (except as otherwise provided in Sections 5.04(f)(ii), 5.05 and 10.05), no Partner shall be required to make any Capital Contribution if, at the time such Capital Contribution is to be made, such Capital Contribution exceeds such Partner's then Available Capital Commitment. (b) The General Partner may, in its discretion, terminate the Commitment Period at any time if: 27 (i) at such time, at least 70% of the Overall Capital has theretofore been drawn down for Investments or expenses (or committed for such purposes) at such time; or (ii) the General Partner determines in its discretion that any applicable law or regulation makes it necessary to terminate the Commitment Period. (c) The Capital Commitment of the General Partner at any time shall be equal to 1% of the aggregate Capital Commitments of all the Partners at such time. (d) Notwithstanding anything else in this Agreement, on or shortly after the first Closing Date, each Partner shall pay to the Partnership, as its initial Capital Contribution, an amount as determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion (with at least three Business Days' prior notice). (e) In the event of (i) the incapacity of, or termination of employment with Greenhill (whether due to death, resignation or otherwise) of both Robert Niehaus and Robert Greenhill (the "Key Men") or (ii) the continued failure by both Key Men to be actively involved in the affairs of the Partnership and the Related Funds followed by a written demand by a Limited Partner or a limited partner of a Related Fund to the General Partner for substantial performance where the Key Men have unreasonably failed during the 30-day period following receipt of such written demand to have cured such failure, then the Limited Partners and limited partners of the Related Funds may elect to terminate the Commitment Period at any time thereafter upon the affirmative vote of Limited Partners (other than Defaulting Investors and any limited partner who is a managing director, senior advisor, officer, employee or Affiliate of Greenhill or the General Partner) and limited partners of the Related Funds (other than defaulting partners and any limited partner who is a managing director, senior advisor, officer or employee of Greenhill or the General Partner or any Affiliate of such persons) having capital commitments representing in the aggregate at least 66 2/3% of the Overall Capital. The General Partner will promptly notify the Limited Partners of the incapacity of, or termination of employment with Greenhill of, either of the Key Men. SECTION 5.02. Drawdown Procedures. (a) Generally. Each Investor shall make Capital Contributions in such amounts and at such times as the General Partner shall specify in notices ("Drawdown Notices") delivered from time to time to such Investor. All Partnership Capital Contributions shall be paid to the Partnership in immediately available funds in U.S. dollars by 11:00 A.M. (New York time) on the date specified in the applicable Drawdown Notice. All Parallel Capital Contributions shall be paid to the Person and the account and at the time specified in the applicable Drawdown Notice (it being understood that payment of Parallel Capital Contributions shall not constitute cash contributions to the Partnership and shall not be paid to any account of the Partnership). Partnership Capital Contributions may include amounts that the General Partner determines, in its discretion, are necessary or desirable for Temporary Cash Funds or to establish reserves in respect of Partnership Investments or Partnership Expenses. Parallel Capital Contributions may include amounts 28 that the General Partner determines, in its discretion, are necessary or desirable to establish reserves in respect of Parallel Investments or Parallel Investment Expenses. The General Partner shall make Capital Contributions in such amounts as hereinafter set forth in this Article 5 and at the same times and in the same manner as the Investors who are required to make related Capital Contributions. (b) Regular Drawdowns. (i) Drawdown Notices. Except as otherwise provided in Section 5.02(c), each Drawdown Notice for a Drawdown shall specify: (A) the manner in which, and the expected date on which, such Drawdown is to be applied; (B) if all or any portion of such Drawdown is to be applied to make one or more Investments, with respect to each proposed Investment, (w) a general description of the business of the Person that is, directly or indirectly, the subject of such proposed Investment, (x) the Investment Drawdown Amount in respect of such Investment, (y) whether such proposed Investment is in equity securities or equity-related securities (including preferred equity, convertible debt or similar securities) or debt securities, and (z) whether the Capital Contribution of such Investor in respect of such Investment is to be applied in respect of a Partnership Investment (and if so, whether directly or through a Partnership Investment Vehicle) or a Parallel Investment (and if so, whether directly or through a Parallel Investment Vehicle) or if all or any portion of such Drawdown is to be held as Temporary Cash Funds, the Investment Drawdown Amount related thereto; (C) if all or any portion of such Drawdown is to be applied in respect of any Expenses, the Expenses Drawdown Amount; (D) the required Capital Contribution to be made by such Investor (which shall be equal to the sum of such Investor's share (determined pursuant to Section 5.02(b)(ii)) of each Investment Drawdown Amount or Temporary Cash Funds and such Investor's share (determined pursuant to Section 5.02(b)(iii)) of the Expenses Drawdown Amount; (E) the date (the "Drawdown Date") on which such Capital Contribution is due, which will be at least 10 calendar days from and including the date of delivery of the Drawdown Notice; and 29 (F) the Person and the account to which such Capital Contribution shall be paid. (ii) Amount of Required Capital Contribution in Respect of Investments. (A) Subject to Sections 3.03(c) and 5.04, with respect to each Investment covered by any Drawdown and with respect to any Temporary Cash Funds, the General Partner and each Investor shall be required to make a Capital Contribution equal to the product of (x) such Person's Available Commitment Percentage multiplied by (y) the Investment Drawdown Amount in respect of such Investment or Temporary Cash Funds. The General Partner may in its discretion utilize each Partner's previous Capital Contributions in respect of Temporary Cash Funds to satisfy all or a portion of the Investment Drawdown Amount payable in connection with an Investment (or Partnership Expenses related thereto); provided that, if a Limited Partner is determined to be an Excused Investor with respect to such Investment, the Partners' Temporary Cash Funds shall be adjusted and reallocated to reflect the non-participation of the Excused Investor with respect to such Investment. (B) With respect to any amount to be paid in connection with the exercise, conversion or exchange of any Convertible Securities, each Participating Investor in the Investment represented by such Convertible Securities shall be required to make a Capital Contribution equal to the product of (x) such amount required to be paid multiplied by (y) such Participating Investor's Investment Percentage in respect of such Investment. (C) Subject to Sections 3.03(c) and 5.03, with respect to each Follow-On Investment covered by any Drawdown, each Participating Investor in the Original Investment to which such Follow-On Investment relates shall be required to make a Capital Contribution equal to the product of (x) such Participating Investor's Investment Percentage in respect of such Original Investment multiplied by (y) the Investment Drawdown Amount in respect of such Follow-On Investment. (D) To the extent that any required Capital Contribution of any Participating Investor (calculated pursuant to Section 5.02(b)(ii)(B) or 5.02(b)(ii)(C) without giving effect to the last sentence of Section 5.01(a)) exceeds such Participating Investor's then Available Capital Commitment, such Participating Investor may elect (but shall not be required) to increase its Capital Commitment by the amount of such excess. In the event that such Participating Investor elects not to or may not so increase its Capital Commitment, each of the other Participating Investors in such Investment shall be required to make a Capital Contribution equal to the product of (x) the amount of such excess multiplied by (y) such other Participating Investor's Available Commitment 30 Percentage (calculated without giving effect to the Available Capital Commitment of such Participating Investor who elects not to or may not so increase its Capital Commitment). (iii) Amount of Required Capital Contribution in Respect of Expenses. (A) With respect to the portion of the Expenses Drawdown Amount to be applied to pay Partnership Expenses, each Partner (including the General Partner) shall be required to make a Capital Contribution equal to the amount of such Partnership Expenses payable by such Partner as determined pursuant to Section 4.03. (B) Subject to Section 7.02, with respect to any portion of the Expenses Drawdown Amount that is to be applied to pay Parallel Investment Expenses attributable to any Parallel Investment, each Participating Parallel Investor participating in such Parallel Investment shall be required to make a Capital Contribution equal to the amount of such Parallel Investment Expenses payable by such Parallel Investor as determined pursuant to Section 7.02(b). (c) Special Drawdowns. If, in connection with the making of any Investment or the payment of any Investment Expense in respect of which a Drawdown Notice has been delivered, the General Partner shall determine, in its discretion, that it is necessary or desirable to increase the required Capital Contribution to be made by any Investor in connection therewith, the General Partner shall deliver an additional Drawdown Notice to such Investor amending the original Drawdown Notice and specifying: (i) the amount of any increase in any Investment Drawdown Amount or in the Expenses Drawdown Amount, as the case may be; (ii) the amount of the increase in the required Capital Contribution to be made by such Investor; (iii) the Drawdown Date with respect to the amount of the increase in the required Capital Contribution if different from the Drawdown Date specified in the original Drawdown Notice; provided that the Drawdown Date with respect to the amount of such increase shall be at least two Business Days after delivery of such additional Drawdown Notice; and (iv) the reason for such increase. Any increase in the required Capital Contribution of any Investor pursuant to Section 5.03 or 5.04 shall be calculated in the manner set forth therein. Any increase in the required Capital Contribution of the General Partner and each Investor due to an increase in any Investment Drawdown Amount or the Expenses Drawdown Amount, as the case may be, specified in the original Drawdown 31 Notice shall be calculated in accordance with Section 5.02(b) (after giving effect to Sections 5.03 and 5.04, as appropriate) with respect to the amount of such increase. SECTION 5.03. Excuse Procedure. (a) Any Investor may be excused from making all or a portion of any required Capital Contribution in respect of any Investment if: (i) not later than two Business Days after the date of delivery of the applicable Drawdown Notice (or such later time as the General Partner shall in its discretion determine), the General Partner shall have received a notice from such Investor stating that it seeks to be excused from making such Investment pursuant to this Section 5.03(a) and (ii) not later than five Business Days after the date of delivery of the applicable Drawdown Notice (or such later time as the General Partner shall in its discretion determine), the General Partner shall have received a written opinion (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the General Partner) of Investor's counsel (reasonably satisfactory to the General Partner, which counsel may be in-house counsel so long as such in- house counsel is reasonably satisfactory to the General Partner) to the effect that it is highly probable that the making of such Capital Contribution by such Investor in respect of such Investment would result in a violation of any law or regulation of the United States of America or any State thereof or of any non-U.S. jurisdiction (other than any such non-U.S. law or material regulation that violates, or the compliance with which by Persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of America would violate, any law or material regulation of the United States of America) (including any "prohibited transaction" as defined in ERISA or the Code), in any such case applicable to such Investor or to the Partnership. Such opinion shall also indicate whether (and, if so, at what reduced amount) such Investor could make a smaller Capital Contribution in respect of such Investment that would not result in such a violation. For purposes of ascertaining whether an Investor may be excused from making a Capital Contribution pursuant to this Section 5.03(a), the General Partner shall, as promptly as reasonably practicable, provide such information about the proposed Investment as such Investor may reasonably request. (b) An Investor shall be excused from making and shall not be permitted to make all or a portion of any required Capital Contribution in respect of any Investment if the General Partner delivers a written notice to such Investor that the making of such Capital Contribution or portion thereof might have a Material Adverse Effect. Any Capital Contribution by such Investor might have a "Material Adverse Effect" if: (i) the General Partner, in its discretion, determines that (A) such Capital Contribution or portion thereof is likely, when taken by itself or together with other Capital Contributions of such Investor or of the General Partner and any other Investors: (x) to result in a violation of any law or regulation of the United States of America or any State thereof or of any non-U.S. jurisdiction (other than any such non-U.S. law or regulation that violates, or the compliance with which by Persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of America would violate, any law or regulation of 32 the United States of America) (and the General Partner shall have received a written opinion of counsel to such effect); or (y) to subject the Person that is, directly or indirectly, the subject of such proposed Investment, the Partnership, any Partnership Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investor or any Related Fund to any regulatory or other legal requirements to which it would not otherwise have been subject and compliance with which is materially burdensome, or to increase materially the burden of complying with applicable regulatory or other legal requirements beyond the burden that would otherwise have existed (and the General Partner shall have received a written opinion of counsel as to the applicability of such regulatory or other legal requirements); and (B) in either case, such result should be avoided; or (ii) the General Partner determines, in its reasonable discretion, that such Investor should not participate in such Investment because either (A) such Investor has, after being admitted to the Partnership, been convicted in a criminal proceeding (excluding misdemeanors), or was or is subject to a judgment, decree or final order enjoining future violations of, or prohibiting activities subject to, securities laws of the United States of America or any State thereof or of any non-U.S. jurisdiction or was or is subject to a finding as to any violation of such laws, in each case in a proceeding before a judicial or administrative body, or (B) participation by such Investor in such Investment would otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Person that is, directly or indirectly, the subject of the proposed Investment, the Partnership, any Partnership Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investment Vehicle, any Parallel Investor, the General Partner, any Related Fund, the Manager, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates. The General Partner shall not be liable to any Investor or the Partnership for any failure to permit or require an Investor to be excused from making all or a portion of any required Capital Contribution pursuant to this Section 5.03(b), except for liability primarily attributable to the General Partner's gross negligence or bad faith. (c) Any Capital Contribution as to which an Investor is excused shall in no way affect such Investor's Available Capital Commitment, and any such excuse shall not affect such Investor's obligation to make other Capital Contributions. (d) If any Investor is excused from making all or a portion of any required Capital Contribution in respect of any Investment pursuant to this Section 5.03, the General Partner may, 33 in its discretion, take any or all of the following actions with respect to the amount that is excused and remains to be funded: (i) increase the required Capital Contributions of other Investors; (ii) obtain the agreement of one or more Investors to increase their respective Capital Contributions or of any third party or parties to cover such amount; or (iii) increase its own Capital Contribution. If the General Partner elects to take the action specified in Section 5.03(d)(i) with respect to any portion of the amount that is excused, the General Partner shall deliver an additional Drawdown Notice in accordance with Section 5.02(c) to each Investor who is not an Excused Investor in respect of the applicable Investment, and the required Capital Contribution of each such Investor shall be increased by an amount equal to the product of (A) such Investor's Available Commitment Percentage (calculated (x) after giving effect to the Capital Contributions specified in any prior Drawdown Notice and (y) without giving effect to the Available Capital Commitment of the General Partner and each Investor who is an Excused Investor in respect of such Investment) multiplied by (B) the applicable portion of the Capital Contribution that remains to be funded; provided that (I) if (but only to the extent) necessary to address tax or regulatory considerations applicable to, or arising in connection with, the applicable Investment, the General Partner may, in its discretion, require that such applicable portion of the Capital Contribution be funded by Capital Contributions made only by the Investors in one or more Investment Portions with respect to such Investment that are not affected by such accounting, tax or regulatory considerations, pro rata in proportion to their Available Commitment Percentages (calculated (1) after giving effect to the Capital Contributions specified in any prior Drawdown Notice and (2) without giving effect to the Available Capital Commitment of the General Partner, each Investor who is an Excused Investor in respect of such Investment, and the Investors in any Investment Portion that are affected by such accounting, tax or regulatory considerations) and (II) in the event that an Investor is excused pursuant to this Section 5.03, no other Investor shall be required to make a Capital Contribution in excess of 130% of the Capital Contribution that would otherwise have been required from such Investor but for the provisions of this Section 5.03(d) and Section 5.04(e). SECTION 5.04. Default by Investors. (a) Each of the General Partner and each Investor agree that payment of its required Capital Contributions when due is of the essence, that any Default by any Investor would cause injury to the Partnership and to the General Partner and the other Investors and that the amount of damages caused by any such injury would be extremely difficult to calculate. Accordingly, if at any time an Investor shall Default, the amount of such Default (the "Default Amount") shall accrue interest commencing on the Drawdown Date 34 at the lesser of (i) a rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus 7% and (ii) the maximum rate permitted by applicable law. Interest paid or otherwise recovered on the Default Amount shall be allocated and distributed to the non- Defaulting Investors. Upon the occurrence of any Default, the General Partner shall promptly notify the Investor who has committed such Default of the occurrence of such Default. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default, the General Partner shall promptly notify all Investors of the occurrence of such Event of Default. (b) Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the General Partner, in its sole discretion, may: (i) cause the Defaulting Investor to forfeit all or any portion of distributions from the Partnership made or to be made after such Event of Default that relate to any Investments in respect of which such Investor made Capital Contributions prior to such Event of Default; (ii) if applicable, with respect to any distributions made or to be made after such Event of Default that relates to any Parallel Investment in respect of which the Defaulting Investor made a Capital Contribution prior to such Event of Default, cause the agreement governing such Parallel Investment to contain provisions substantially to the effect of clause (i) above; (iii) cause distributions that would otherwise be made to the Defaulting Investor to be credited against the Default Amount pursuant to Section 6.05; (iv) cause the Defaulting Investor to forfeit its representation, if any, on the LP Advisory Committee; (v) cause the Defaulting Investor to forfeit its right to participate in any Investments made after such Event of Default; (vi) cause a forced sale of the Defaulting Investor's interest in the Partnership to: (A) any Investors who may wish to purchase such an interest, pro rata based on their respective Commitment Percentages at such time at the lesser of (x) an amount equal to 75% of the aggregate Capital Contributions made by the Defaulting Investor to the Partnership (net of any Capital Contributions previously returned to such Defaulting 35 Investor and distributions made to such Defaulting Investor pursuant to this Agreement) and (y) such other price as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, shall determine to be fair and reasonable under the circumstances; or (B) in the event no Investor is willing to purchase such an interest, to any Person, at such price as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, shall determine to be fair and reasonable under the circumstances; (vii) cause a forced sale of the Defaulting Investor's interest in a Parallel Investment Vehicle to: (A) any Investors who may wish to purchase such an interest, pro rata based on their respective Commitment Percentages at such time at the lesser of (x) an amount equal to 75% of the aggregate Capital Contributions made by the Defaulting Investor to such Parallel Investment Vehicle (net of any Capital Contributions previously returned to such Defaulting Investor and distributions made to such Defaulting Investor pursuant to the agreement governing the Parallel Investment Vehicle) and (y) such other price as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, shall determined to be fair and reasonable under the circumstances; or (B) in the event no Investor is willing to purchase such an interest, to any Person, at such price as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, shall determined to be fair and reasonable under the circumstances; and (viii) institute proceedings to recover the Default Amount. (c) Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default in connection with any Drawdown to be applied to make an Investment, the General Partner may, in its discretion, take any or all of the following actions with respect to the amount in default that remains to be funded: (i) increase the required Capital Contributions of other Investors; (ii) obtain the agreement of one or more Investors to increase their respective Capital Contributions or of a third party or parties to cover such amount; (iii) increase its own Capital Contribution; or (iv) borrow funds in accordance with Section 2.04. 36 (d) Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default in connection with a Drawdown to be applied to pay Partnership Expenses, the General Partner may, in its discretion, increase the required Capital Contributions of the other Limited Partners with respect to the amount in default that remains to be funded. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default in connection with a Drawdown to be applied to pay Parallel Investment Expenses with respect to a Parallel Investment, the General Partner may, in its discretion, increase the required Capital Contributions of other Participating Parallel Investors with respect to the amount in default that remains to be funded. (e) If the General Partner elects to take the action specified in Section 5.04(c)(i) or Section 5.04(d) with respect to any portion of the amount that is in default in respect of the applicable Investment or Expense, as the case may be, the General Partner shall deliver an additional Drawdown Notice in accordance with Section 5.02(c) to the Investors who are required to make Capital Contributions in respect of such Investment or Expense (other than any Defaulting Investor with respect to the Investment or Expense, as the case may be, in respect of which the Event of Default arose and any Excused Investor with respect to such Investment, if applicable), and the required Capital Contribution of each such Investor shall be increased by an amount calculated (without giving effect to any Investor who is not such an Investor) with respect to the amount that remains to be funded in accordance with Section 5.02(b); provided that (i) with respect to a Default in connection with a Capital Contribution required in respect of a proposed Investment, if (but only to the extent) necessary to address accounting, tax or regulatory considerations applicable to, or arising in connection with, such proposed Investment, the General Partner may, in its discretion, require that such applicable portion of the Capital Contribution be funded by Capital Contributions made only by the Investors in one or more Investment Portions with respect to such Investment that are not affected by such accounting, tax or regulatory considerations, pro rata in proportion to their Available Commitment Percentages (calculated (i) after giving effect to the Capital Contributions specified in any prior Drawdown Notice and (ii) without giving effect to the Available Capital Commitment of the General Partner, each Investor who is an Excused Investor in respect of such Investment, and the Investors in any Investment Portion that are affected by such accounting, tax or regulatory considerations) and (ii) no other Investor shall be required to make a Capital Contribution in excess of 130% of the Capital Contribution that would otherwise have been required from such Investor but for the provisions of Section 5.03(d) and this Section 5.04(e). (f) Subject to Sections 5.04(c) and 5.04(d), the General Partner may take either or both of the following actions in respect of the Available Capital Commitment of any Defaulting Investor: 37 (i) seek commitments of capital from additional investors (which may in the discretion of the General Partner include existing Limited Partners) up to the amount of the Defaulting Investor's Available Capital Commitment. If any such commitment is received from any existing Limited Partner, such Limited Partner's Capital Commitment and Available Capital Commitment shall be increased accordingly. If any such commitment is received from an investor that is not an existing Limited Partner, such investor shall, after executing such instruments and delivering such opinions and other documents as are in form and substance satisfactory to the General Partner, be admitted to the Partnership as a Substituted Limited Partner and shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership and shall be deemed to have a Capital Commitment and an Available Capital Commitment equal to the commitment for which such investor has subscribed. After the appropriate adjustment of the Capital Commitment and the Available Capital Commitment of the Limited Partner or admission of the Substituted Limited Partner, the Capital Commitment and Available Capital Commitment of the Defaulting Investor shall be decreased accordingly; and (ii) reduce or cancel the Available Capital Commitment of the Defaulting Investor on such terms as the General Partner determines in its discretion (which may include leaving such Defaulting Investor obligated to make Capital Contributions with respect to Partnership Expenses and/or, if applicable, Parallel Investment Expenses up to the amount of such Partner's Available Capital Commitment immediately prior to the time such Available Capital Commitment is so reduced or canceled). (g) The rights and remedies referred to in this Section 5.04 shall be in addition to, and not in limitation of, any other rights available to the General Partner or the Partnership under this Agreement or at law or in equity. An Event of Default by any Investor in respect of any Capital Contribution shall not relieve any other Investor of its obligation to make Capital Contributions under this Agreement. In addition, unless the Available Capital Commitment of any Defaulting Investor is decreased to zero pursuant to Section 5.04(f), an Event of Default by such Defaulting Investor shall not relieve such Investor of its obligation to make Capital Contributions subsequent to such Event of Default. SECTION 5.05. Certain Exclusion Circumstances. (a) If, at any time during the term of the Partnership, the General Partner reasonably determines that any further participation by a Limited Partner in the Partnership's affairs would be materially detrimental to the business or commercial reputation of any Portfolio Company, the Partnership, the other Limited Partners, the General Partner, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates, the General Partner may, in its discretion, (i) cancel the Available Capital Commitment of such Limited Partner on such terms as the General Partner determines in its discretion (which may include leaving such Limited Partner obligated to make Capital Contributions with respect to Partnership Expenses or, if applicable, 38 Parallel Investment Expenses up to the amount of such Partner's Available Capital Commitment immediately prior to the time such Available Capital Commitment is so canceled) or (ii) exclude such Limited Partner (including, if applicable, as a Parallel Investor) from participation in one or more future Investments. (b) In the circumstances described in Section 5.05(a), to the extent determined appropriate by the General Partner in its discretion, (i) such Limited Partner shall cease to have the right, pursuant to this Agreement and the Delaware Act, to obtain information regarding the Partnership and its affairs other than such information as the General Partner in its reasonable discretion deems necessary for such Limited Partner to monitor its existing interest in the Partnership (which shall include and may be limited to the information furnished to such Limited Partner pursuant to Article 8), (ii) such Limited Partner shall not be entitled to vote, and such Limited Partner's Capital Commitment or Invested Capital, as the case may be, shall be disregarded (in the same manner as with respect to the General Partner or any Defaulting Investor pursuant to Section 13.02(b)), in connection with any vote or approval of the Limited Partners sought pursuant to Section 10.02, 11.01(a), 13.01 (except Section 13.01(a)(ii)), 13.02 or any other provision of this Agreement, except as required by applicable law and unless any such vote or approval has a material adverse effect on such Limited Partner's interests in Investments existing at the time of such action by the General Partner pursuant to clause (a) or (b) above, and (iii) such Limited Partner shall cease to have the right to attend meetings of the LP Advisory Committee called by the General Partner pursuant to Section 2.10. Any action pursuant to clause (a) or (b) above shall have no effect on (x) such Limited Partner's interests in, and, except as otherwise specifically provided in the immediately preceding sentence, rights and obligations with respect to, Investments existing at the time of such action, or (y) except as otherwise specifically provided in the immediately preceding sentence, such Limited Partner's rights and obligations under this Agreement, including its rights under Section 13.01 and its obligations under Section 2.08. Any such action shall not constitute a withdrawal of such Limited Partner from the Partnership within the meaning of the Delaware Act. ARTICLE 6 DISTRIBUTIONS; ALLOCATIONS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS SECTION 6.01. Distributions Generally. Subject to the provisions of Section 5.04 and Section 10.04, distributions shall be made in accordance with this Article 6. Except as expressly set forth below, all calculations with respect to distributions shall be made on a Partnership Investment by Partnership Investment, and Participating Investor by Participating Investor, basis. It is understood that the provisions set forth in this Article 6 shall apply to all Partnership Investments made by the Partnership (other than Parallel Investments, the terms of which are 39 generally described in Article 7) and that, in making any determinations with respect to any Investor pursuant to this Article 6 or Section 10.04 in connection with such Partnership Investments, the performance of all Parallel Investments shall be taken into account as if such Parallel Investments were Partnership Investments made by the Partnership. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such determinations shall, if appropriate, take into account (i) the amount of such Investor's Invested Capital in each Parallel Investment, and (ii) any amount paid or payable to the General Partner based upon the performance of each Parallel Investment. SECTION 6.02. Distributions of Proceeds of Partnership Investments. Subject to Section 6.03 and Section 6.05, each Participating Investor's Investment Portion Percentage of any Proceeds from any Investment Portion of a Partnership Investment made pursuant to this Agreement shall be distributed to such Participating Investor. SECTION 6.03. Other Income. (a) Notwithstanding the provisions set forth in Section 6.02, if the Partnership realizes any Transaction Fees, such Transaction Fees shall be allocated and distributed to the Partners pro rata in accordance with their Capital Commitments. (b) Subject to Section 10.04, all other items of income of the Partnership that are not distributed pursuant to any other provision of this Article 6 shall be distributed to the Partners pro rata in accordance with their Capital Commitments (or such other allocation as the General Partner determines is appropriate in its discretion); provided that income earned pursuant to Section 2.13 shall be distributed to the Partners in proportion to the amounts of cash attributable to such Partners that gave rise to such income. SECTION 6.04. Tax Distributions. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Article 6, the General Partner may, in its discretion, cause the Partnership to make distributions in cash to each Partner equal to the Tax Percentage of the net taxable income and gain allocated to such Partner in respect of the prior year. For purposes of calculating net taxable income and gain under this Section 6.04, each item of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the Partnership shall be allocated among the Partners as nearly as possible in the same manner as the corresponding item of income, expense, gain or loss is allocated pursuant to the other provisions of this Article 6, provided that no deduction shall be permitted in respect of any item whose deductibility may, in the reasonable opinion of the General Partner, be subject to limitations under Section 67 of the Code. SECTION 6.05. Other General Principles of Distribution. (a) Distributions of Cash. Subject to Section 10.04 and the remaining provisions of this Section 6.05, (i) distributions of net cash Proceeds from the Disposition of Investments shall be made as soon as reasonably practicable after their receipt by the Partnership, and (ii) 40 distributions of net cash Proceeds received by the Partnership, other than from Dispositions of Investments, and distributions of income earned pursuant to Section 2.13 shall be distributed as deemed appropriate by the General Partner to Partners, but in no event less than annually. All distributions pursuant to this Section 6.05(a) shall be made in immediately available funds in U.S. dollars, except to the extent that distributions in U.S. dollars would be illegal or impracticable under applicable law, in which case, to such extent, distributions shall be made in the currency in which cash is received by the Partnership. (b) Distributions in Kind. The General Partner generally intends to make distributions in cash; provided that the General Partner may distribute securities or other property if the General Partner reasonably believes that such distribution in kind is in the best interest of the Partnership. Prior to the dissolution of the Partnership, the Partnership shall not, without the approval of the LP Advisory Committee, make any distributions in kind of securities unless such securities are Marketable Securities. In connection with the dissolution of the Partnership, subject to Section 10.04, the Partnership may distribute in kind any securities (whether or not Marketable Securities) or other property constituting all or any portion of a Partnership Investment in such amounts as the General Partner shall in its discretion determine. Subject to Article 7, in any distribution of property in kind, the General Partner shall not discriminate among the Limited Partners in respect of such Partnership Investment but shall in any such distribution (i) distribute to the applicable Limited Partners property of the same type and tax basis and (ii) if cash and property in kind are to be distributed simultaneously in respect of any Partnership Investment, distribute cash and property in kind in the same proportion to each such Limited Partner; provided that, to the extent necessary to address regulatory or other similar considerations, the General Partner may distribute such cash and property in kind in different proportions; and provided further that the General Partner may make distributions to itself of property in kind in lieu of cash. For purposes of allocations pursuant to Section 6.08, (i) Marketable Securities shall be valued at their trading price on the principal securities exchange on which such securities were traded at the close of the trading day immediately prior to such distribution, or if such securities are not primarily traded on a securities exchange, their closing bid prices as shown by the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System or comparable established over-the-counter trading system on the trading day immediately prior to such distribution, and adjusted, if appropriate, taking into account any factors which are customarily taken into account in determining whether the fair value of the securities is greater or less than the market price and (ii) all other property to be distributed in kind shall be valued at the fair market value thereof by the General Partner on a date as near as reasonably practicable to the date of notice of such distribution. The General Partner and the LP Advisory Committee will consult each other with a view to agreeing upon the valuation of any property to be distributed in kind that is not Marketable Securities but, in any event, the LP Advisory Committee shall have the right, exercisable within 7 days of receipt of the General Partner's proposed valuation, to 41 require the General Partner to appoint an independent party to determine the valuation of such securities. If any Investor notifies the General Partner (or other liquidator described in Section 10.03) that such Investor is prohibited by applicable law or regulation from holding directly the property to be distributed in kind or the holding of such property by such Investor would have a material adverse effect on such Investor, subject to compliance with applicable law, such Investor may designate any other Person to receive such distribution or the General Partner (or such liquidator) shall, in lieu of making such distribution in kind to such Investor and to the extent permitted by applicable law, use its reasonable efforts to sell such property on such Investor's behalf on terms acceptable to such Investor and, upon such sale, the General Partner shall promptly distribute to such Investor the net proceeds of such sale. The amount of such net proceeds received in any such sale shall not affect the value of such property for purposes of any calculation under Article 6 or Article 10, which value for purposes of Article 6 or Article 10 shall be determined pursuant to Section 6.05(b) or Section 10.04. (c) Withholding of Certain Amounts. Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, the General Partner may, in its discretion, withhold from any distribution of cash or property in kind to any Investor pursuant to this Agreement, the following amounts: (i) any amounts due from such Investor to the Partnership or to the General Partner pursuant to this Agreement to the extent not otherwise paid (including, without limitation, Default Amounts); and (ii) any amounts required to pay, or to reimburse (on a net after-tax basis) any Indemnified Person for the payment of, any taxes and related expenses that the General Partner in good faith determines to be properly attributable to such Investor (including, without limitation, withholding taxes and interest, penalties, additions to tax and expenses described in the second paragraph of Section 9.01(b) incurred in respect thereof). Any amounts so withheld pursuant to this Section 6.05(c) shall be applied by the General Partner to discharge the obligation in respect of which such amounts were withheld. (d) Treatment of Certain Amounts Withheld. Notwithstanding anything else in this Agreement, all amounts withheld by the General Partner pursuant to Section 6.05(c) and all amounts that the General Partner determines in good faith to be properly withheld or otherwise paid by any Person on behalf of any Investor pursuant to the Code or any provision of any state, local or non-U.S. tax law, shall be treated as if such amounts were realized and recognized by the Partnership and distributed to such Investor pursuant to Section 6.02. 42 (e) Amounts Held in Reserve. In addition to the rights set forth in Section 6.05(c), the General Partner shall have the right, in its discretion, to withhold amounts otherwise distributable by the Partnership to the Investors in order to maintain the Partnership in a sound financial and cash position and to make such provision as the General Partner in its discretion deems necessary or advisable for any and all liabilities and obligations, contingent or otherwise, of the Partnership (other than the obligation of the Partnership to pay for the purchase price of Partnership Investments) or if, following such distribution, the aggregate of the balances on any Partner's Capital Account would be less than zero. (f) Reinvestment of Dividends and Interest. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Article 6, the General Partner, in its sole discretion, may cause the Partnership to retain (and not to distribute to Investors) all or any portion of any cash dividends or cash interest payments received by the Partnership in connection with any Investment and to reinvest such Proceeds in the Person or group of Affiliated Persons in which such Investment was made. (g) Delaware Act. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Partnership shall not make any distributions except to the extent permitted under the Delaware Act. SECTION 6.06. Loans and Withdrawal of Capital. No Partner shall be permitted to borrow, or to make an early withdrawal of, any portion of its Capital Account. SECTION 6.07. Capital Accounts; Allocations. (a) Capital Accounts. There shall be established for each Partner on the books and records of the Partnership a capital account (a "Capital Account"), which shall initially be zero. The Capital Account of each Partner shall be: (i) credited with any Partnership Capital Contributions made by such Partner; (ii) credited with any allocations of income, profit or gain of the Partnership to such Partner; (iii) debited by the amount of cash (or the fair market value of other property as determined by the General Partner pursuant to Section 6.05(b)) distributed by the Partnership to such Partner; and (iv) debited by any allocations of expense (other than any expense that should properly be included in the basis of any asset of the Partnership), deduction or loss of the Partnership to such Partner. 43 (b) Partnership Expenses. Partnership Expenses funded by or for the account of any Partner in accordance with Section 4.03 shall be debited against the Capital Account of such Partner. Amounts applied by the Partnership to fund any Partner's share of any Partnership Investment Expense as contemplated by Section 4.04(iv) shall be credited to the Capital Account of such Partner. (c) Interest Expenses. Interest expense and other expenses in respect of a borrowing made pursuant to Section 2.04 shall be allocated to each Partner in respect of whom such borrowing was made, pro rata in accordance with such Partner's share of such borrowing, as determined by the General Partner. (d) Residual Allocations. Prior to dissolution of the Partnership, the Partnership's remaining net income or net loss (after giving effect to subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) above) and each item of income, gain, loss, deduction or expense included in the determination of such net income or net loss shall be allocated among the Partners in a manner consistent with the corresponding distributions made or to be made pursuant to this Article 6. (e) Allocations upon Dissolution. Upon the dissolution of the Partnership, the realized gains and losses of the Partnership attributable to sales of assets pursuant to Section 10.04 and the unrealized gains and losses of the assets to be distributed pursuant to Section 10.04 shall be allocated among the Partners in a manner consistent with the distribution provisions of this Article 6. (f) Timing of Allocations on Dispositions of Partnership Investments. In connection with the disposition of Partnership Investments, allocations of profit and loss shall be made from time to time within any fiscal year to the extent necessary to effect the intent of the distribution provisions of this Article 6 and Article 10. (g) Qualified Income Offset. Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Article 6, if any Partner has a deficit Capital Account for any fiscal period as a result of any adjustment of the type described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4) through (6), then the Partnership's income and gain will be specially allocated to such Partner in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate such deficit as quickly as possible. Any special allocation of items of income or gain pursuant to this paragraph shall be taken into account in computing subsequent allocations pursuant to this Article 6 so that the cumulative net amount of all items allocated to each Partner shall, to the extent possible, be equal to the amount that would have been allocated to such Partner if there had never been any allocation pursuant to this paragraph. 44 (h) Compliance with Applicable Regulations. It is intended that the Capital Accounts will be maintained at all times in accordance with Section 704 of the Code and applicable Treasury regulations thereunder, and that the provisions hereof relating to the Capital Accounts be interpreted in a manner consistent therewith. The General Partner shall be authorized in its discretion to make appropriate adjustments to the allocations of items to comply with Section 704 of the Code or applicable Treasury regulations thereunder; provided that no such change shall have an adverse effect upon the amount distributable to any Partner hereunder. SECTION 6.08. Tax Allocations. For federal, state and local income tax purposes, each item of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the Partnership shall be allocated among the Partners as nearly as possible in the same manner as the corresponding item of income, expense, gain or loss is allocated pursuant to the other provisions of this Article 6. ARTICLE 7 PARALLEL INVESTMENTS SECTION 7.01. Parallel Investments Generally. (a) Pursuant to, and subject to the limitations contained in, Section 3.03, the General Partner may structure all or part of a Partnership Investment by any Investor (or group of Investors) as a Parallel Investment outside the Partnership directly by such Investor (or group of Investors) or indirectly through any Parallel Investment Vehicle. The specific terms applicable to each Parallel Investment shall be set forth in an agreement or agreements between the General Partner and the Parallel Investors participating in such Parallel Investment, and shall be substantially similar to those contained in this Agreement with respect to Partnership Investments made by the Partnership including, mutatis mutandis, the provisions of Section 1.06(b), Article 6 and Section 10.04 with respect to the determination of the distributions that the Investors are entitled to receive in respect of such Parallel Investment based upon the performance of such Parallel Investment and other Partnership Investments made pursuant to this Agreement. The terms of the agreement or agreements referred to in the immediately preceding sentence shall apply only to the particular Parallel Investment or Parallel Investments covered by such agreement or agreements. (b) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, including the provisions of Section 7.01(a), the General Partner and the Investors acknowledge and agree that (i) each Parallel Investment shall be made for the sole benefit of the Participating Parallel Investors in respect of such Parallel Investment (and not made for the benefit of the Partnership), (ii) no Parallel Investment shall constitute or be deemed to be an asset of the Partnership for any purpose and (iii) no creditor of the Partnership shall have any recourse or claim against any Parallel Investment or be entitled reasonably to rely on the existence of any 45 Parallel Investment in extending credit to the Partnership. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, (A) no Parallel Investment shall be set forth on the books and records of the Partnership or, except as otherwise required by law, listed on the tax returns to be filed by the Partnership, and (B) the Partnership shall not use any of its funds to acquire or otherwise make any Parallel Investment. SECTION 7.02. Parallel Investment Expenses. (a) General Principle. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement to the contrary, the General Partner and the Investors acknowledge and agree that (i) no Parallel Investment Expenses shall be incurred for the benefit of, or borne by, the Partnership, (ii) Parallel Investment Expenses shall not constitute or be deemed to be Partnership Expenses for any purpose and (iii) no creditor whose claims arise in connection with any Parallel Investment shall have any recourse or claim against the Partnership or any Partnership Investment by the Partnership or be entitled reasonably to rely on the existence of the Partnership or any Partnership Investment by the Partnership in extending credit to any Parallel Investor or with respect to such Parallel Investment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, (A) no Parallel Investment Expenses shall be set forth on the books and records of the Partnership or, except as otherwise required by law, listed on the tax returns to be filed by the Partnership and (B) the Partnership shall not use any of its funds to pay or otherwise satisfy any Parallel Investment Expenses. (b) Responsibility for Parallel Investment Expenses Among Parallel Investors. The Partners agree that, as among the Parallel Investors, responsibility for Parallel Investment Expenses will be determined as set forth in this Section 7.02(b) and shall be paid out of the funds set forth in Section 7.02(c) at such time after such Parallel Investment Expenses arise as the General Partner determines in its discretion: (i) subject to Section 7.02(b)(ii), any Parallel Investment Expenses attributable to any Parallel Investment shall be paid by the Participating Parallel Investors pro rata in accordance with their respective Investment Percentages in such Parallel Investment; and (ii) notwithstanding clause (i) above, the General Partner may calculate the contribution to be made by Participating Parallel Investors with respect to any Parallel Investment Expense on any other basis (including requiring certain, but not all, such Parallel Investors or other Investors to fund such Expense) if the General Partner reasonably determines that such other basis is clearly more equitable. (c) Sources of Funds for Payment by Parallel Investors of Parallel Investment Expenses. Parallel Investment Expenses shall be paid by or on behalf of the Parallel Investors to the extent provided in Section 7.02(b) through any one or more of the following sources of funds, determined by the General Partner in its discretion: 46 (i) Capital Contributions by the Parallel Investors in accordance with Article 5; (ii) the withholding, pursuant to the provisions of the agreement governing any Parallel Investment or Parallel Investment Vehicle, of amounts (whether realized through the sale of securities comprising Parallel Investments or otherwise) payable or distributable to the Parallel Investors; (iii) reserves set aside for the payment of such expenses pursuant to the provisions of the agreement governing any Parallel Investment or Parallel Investment Vehicle; (iv) amounts required to be contributed by the Parallel Investors pursuant to the provisions of the agreement governing any Parallel Investment or Parallel Investment Vehicle that correspond to Section 9.03, as contemplated by Section 9.04; or (v) in accordance with the last sentence of Section 7.02(a). SECTION 7.03. Parallel Investor Borrowings. The General Partner shall not on behalf of any Parallel Investor, except in connection with the payment of any Parallel Investment Expenses and subject to Section 2.04, (i) incur any indebtedness for borrowed money, (ii) guarantee the indebtedness for borrowed money of any Person or (iii) otherwise become contingently liable with respect to any indebtedness for borrowed money of any Person. SECTION 7.04. Consequences upon Default. Upon any Event of Default by an Investor, with respect to any Parallel Investment in which such Defaulting Partner is a Participating Parallel Investor, the General Partner shall be entitled to pursue any and all of the remedies set forth in Section 5.04. Each Investor hereby agrees to do and to take any and all such further things and actions, and to execute and deliver any and all such further agreements, instruments and documents, as may be necessary or desirable to give effect to this Section 7.04. Notwithstanding any such Event of Default, the General Partner may, in its discretion, release such Partner from its obligations under this Section 7.04 to the extent and on such terms as the General Partner determines in its discretion. 47 ARTICLE 8 REPORTS TO LIMITED PARTNERS SECTION 8.01. Reports. (a) The books of account and records of the Partnership shall be audited as of the end of each fiscal year by the Partnership's independent public accountants. All reports provided to the Limited Partners pursuant to this Section 8.01 shall be prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, including presentation of the fair value of Partnership Investments. The Partnership's independent public accountants shall initially be Ernst & Young LLP. The General Partner may, in its discretion, for any fiscal year of the Partnership after December 31, 2000, change the Partnership's independent public accountants; provided that the Partnership's independent public accountants selected by the General Partner after consultation with the LP Advisory Committee shall be a nationally recognized independent certified public accounting firm. (b) Not later than 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter (other than the fourth quarter), the General Partner shall prepare and mail to each Person who was a Partner during such fiscal quarter an unaudited report setting forth as of the end of such fiscal quarter: (i) a balance sheet of the Partnership as of the end of such fiscal quarter; and (ii) an income statement of the Partnership for such fiscal quarter. (c) Not later than 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, the General Partner shall prepare, and shall mail to each Partner, a report audited by the independent public accountants setting forth as of the end of such fiscal year: (i) a balance sheet of the Partnership as of the end of such fiscal year; (ii) an income statement of the Partnership for such fiscal year; (iii) a statement of the Partnership's capital for such year; and (iv) a statement in reasonable detail of adjustments to such Partner's Capital Account for such fiscal year, and a statement of such Partner's closing Capital Account balance for such fiscal year. 48 (d) In addition, not later than 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter, the General Partner shall prepare and mail to each Partner a report setting forth as of the end of such fiscal quarter: (i) a list of the Partnership's current Partnership Investments and all current Parallel Investments; (ii) a summary description of new Partnership Investments made by the Partnership and new Parallel Investments made during such fiscal quarter; and (iii) a summary description of Partnership Investments and Parallel Investments disposed of during such fiscal quarter. (e) After the end of each fiscal year, the General Partner shall prepare and send, or cause to be prepared and sent, as promptly as possible, and in any event within 90 days of the close of the fiscal year (except to the extent that delay is incurred on account of failure of any Portfolio Company to supply necessary information in a timely manner), a federal income tax form K-1 for each Partner, a copy of the Partnership's return filed for federal income tax purposes and a report setting forth in sufficient detail such transactions effected by the Partnership (and, if applicable, by such Partner as a Parallel Investor) during such fiscal year as shall enable each Partner to prepare its United States federal and state income tax returns, if any, and, if appropriate, comparable materials to enable each Partner to prepare any necessary non-U.S. income tax returns. The General Partner shall mail such materials to (i) each Partner and (ii) each former Partner (or its successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives) who may require such information in preparing its United States federal and state or non-U.S. income tax returns. ARTICLE 9 EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION SECTION 9.01. Exculpation and Indemnification. (a) No Indemnified Person shall be liable to the Partnership or to the Partners for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities arising from, related to, or in connection with this Agreement or the Partnership's business or affairs (including any act or omission by any Indemnified Person and any activity of the type or character disclosed or contemplated in Section 2.05), except for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities resulting from such Indemnified Person's gross negligence or willful misconduct. The foregoing provision shall not affect the General Partner's obligation to correct any allocations to the Capital Accounts of the Partners pursuant to Section 6.07 or distributions to the Partners pursuant to Section 6.02 or 6.03 if such allocations or distributions were not made in accordance with this 49 Agreement. In addition, no Indemnified Person shall be liable to the Partnership or to the Partners with respect to the accuracy or completeness of any information furnished by such Indemnified Person or any other Indemnified Person regarding any Portfolio Company where such information is obtained from a third party (including, without limitation, a Portfolio Company) and not prepared by an Indemnified Person. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.01(a), no provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver or limitation of any Limited Partner's rights under the U.S. federal securities laws. (b) The Partnership shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Person against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (other than Parallel Investment Expenses) arising out of, related to or in connection with this Agreement or the Partnership's business or affairs, except for any such losses, claims, damages or liabilities resulting from such Indemnified Person's gross negligence or willful misconduct. Subject to the immediately succeeding sentence, the Partnership will periodically reimburse each Indemnified Person for all expenses (including fees and expenses of counsel) as such expenses are incurred in connection with investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any Proceeding related to, arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or the Partnership's business or affairs whether or not pending or threatened and whether or not any Indemnified Person is a party thereto; provided that such Indemnified Person shall promptly repay to the Partnership the amount of any such reimbursed expenses paid to it if it shall be judicially determined by judgment or order not subject to further appeal or discretionary review that such Indemnified Person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Partnership in connection with such matter as provided in the exception contained in the immediately preceding sentence. If for any reason (other than the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Person) the foregoing indemnification is unavailable to any Indemnified Person, or insufficient to hold it harmless, then the Partnership shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such loss, claim, damage or liability in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Partnership, on the one hand, and such Indemnified Person, on the other hand, or, if such allocation is not permitted by applicable law, to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to above but also any other relevant equitable considerations. Each Partner covenants for itself and its successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives that such Person will, at any time prior to or after dissolution of the Partnership, whether before or after such Person's withdrawal from the Partnership, pay to the Partnership or the General Partner on demand any amount which the Partnership or the General Partner, as the case may be, properly pays in respect of taxes (including withholding taxes) imposed upon income of, or distributions in respect of Partnership Investments made to, such Partner. 50 (c) Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, the exculpation provisions under Section 9.01(a) and the reimbursement, indemnity and contribution obligations of the Partnership under Section 9.01(b) (the "Indemnification Obligations") shall: (i) be in addition to any liability which the Partnership may otherwise have; (ii) extend upon the same terms and conditions to the officers, directors, members, employees, Affiliates, stockholders, agents and representatives of each Indemnified Person; (iii) be binding upon and inure to the benefit of any successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives of each Indemnified Person; and (iv) be limited to the sum of (x) the assets of the Partnership, plus (y) the amount of all Partners' aggregate Available Capital Commitments, plus (z) subject to Section 9.03, the aggregate amount of all distributions previously made by the Partnership to the Partners; provided that if such sum is insufficient to fulfill the Partnership's obligations under this Article 9, the General Partner may, in its discretion, seek to satisfy such obligation out of the assets of a Parallel Investment made pursuant to this Agreement. (d) To the extent that, at law or in equity, any Indemnified Person has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Partnership or to any Partner, the General Partner and any other Indemnified Person acting in connection with the Partnership's affairs shall not be liable to the Partnership or to any Partner for its good faith reliance on the provisions of this Agreement. The provisions of this Agreement, to the extent that they restrict the duties and liabilities or rights and powers of any Indemnified Person otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Partners to replace such other duties, liabilities, rights and powers of such Indemnified Person. (e) The General Partner and the Investors acknowledge and agree that the terms of each Parallel Investment or Parallel Investment Vehicle shall include provisions applicable to such Parallel Investment or Parallel Investment Vehicle substantially identical to the provisions of this Section 9.01 and Section 9.02. (f) The General Partner may cause the Partnership to purchase and maintain insurance coverage reasonably satisfactory to the General Partner that provides the Partnership with coverage with respect to losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses that would otherwise be Indemnification Obligations. The fees and expenses incurred in connection with obtaining and 51 maintaining any such insurance policy or policies, including any commissions and premiums, shall be Partnership Administrative Expenses. (g) With respect to any Indemnification Obligation that is also an obligation of any Related Fund (a "Shared Obligation"), the General Partner and the general partner of each Related Fund that is liable under such Shared Obligation shall allocate any amounts due to any Person under such Shared Obligation pro rata among the Partnership and such Related Funds in accordance with the aggregate Capital Commitments of the Limited Partners and the limited partners in the Related Funds. SECTION 9.02. Forum Selection. (a) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the General Partner and each Investor hereby agree that any claim, action or proceeding by any Investor seeking any relief whatsoever against any Indemnified Person based on, arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or the Partnership's affairs shall be brought only in the federal courts, or if federal court jurisdiction is unavailable in the state courts, located in the State of Delaware or the State of New York, Borough of Manhattan, and not in any other State or Federal court in the United States of America or any court in any other country. The General Partner and each Investor acknowledge that, in the event of any breach of this provision, the Indemnified Persons have no adequate remedy at law and shall be entitled to injunctive relief to enforce the terms of this Section 9.02. (b) EACH PARTNER HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. SECTION 9.03. Return of Distributions. (a) Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, if the Partnership incurs an Indemnification Obligation and the amount of reserves, if any, specifically identified by the Partnership with respect to such Indemnification Obligation is less than the amount of such Indemnification Obligation, the General Partner may require each Limited Partner to repay to the Partnership, at any time or from time to time, whether before or after dissolution of the Partnership or before or after such Person's withdrawal from the Partnership, in satisfaction of such Limited Partner's share of such Indemnification Obligation, all or any portion of the amount of the distributions previously made by the Partnership to such Limited Partner to the extent of such Limited Partner's share of such Indemnification Obligation; provided that no Partner shall be required to make a repayment of any distributions pursuant to this Section 9.03(a) at any time after the third anniversary of the date on which such distributions were made by the Partnership, or to repay any amount which, together with all such amounts previously repaid pursuant to this Section 9.03(a), would exceed the lesser of (i) the total amount of distributions previously received by such Partner (or the 52 predecessor-in-interest to such Partner) from the Partnership and (ii) an amount equal to 25% of such Partner's Capital Commitment. (b) To the extent that the remedies provided in Section 9.03(a) are insufficient to hold any Indemnified Person harmless in connection with an Indemnification Obligation of the Partnership, each Investor shall pay, in satisfaction of such Investor's remaining share of such Indemnification Obligation, to the Indemnified Persons, in such Investor's individual capacity, at any time or from time to time, whether before or after the dissolution of the Partnership or before or after such Investor's withdrawal from the Partnership, all or any portion of the amount of distributions previously made to such Investor in respect of Parallel Investments to the extent of such Investor's remaining share of such Indemnification Obligation; provided that no Investor shall be required to make a contribution pursuant to this Section 9.03(b) with respect to any distributions at any time after the third anniversary of the date on which such distributions were made by the Partnership, or to contribute any amount which, together with all such amounts previously contributed pursuant to this Section 9.03(b), would exceed the lesser of (i) the total amount of distributions previously received by such Investor (or the predecessor-in-interest to such Investor) with respect to Parallel Investments and (ii) an amount equal to 25% of such Partner's Capital Commitment. (c) The provisions of this Section 9.03 shall be in addition to and not affect the obligations of the Limited Partners under the Delaware Act or any other provision of applicable law. Nothing in this Section 9.03 is intended to expand the rights of Indemnified Parties to indemnification, contribution or reimbursement under Section 9.01. SECTION 9.04. Parallel Investments. The Partners agree that the terms of each Parallel Investment shall include provisions applicable to such Parallel Investment substantially identical to the provisions of Section 9.01, Section 9.02 and Section 9.03. ARTICLE 10 DURATION AND DISSOLUTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP SECTION 10.01. Duration. The term of the Partnership shall continue until June 30, 2010, unless the Partnership is sooner dissolved pursuant to Section 10.02; provided that, subject to Section 10.02, the General Partner may extend the term of the Partnership for up to two additional successive one-year terms following the expiration of such initial term, and provided further that the General Partner may extend the term of the Partnership for the second of such one-year terms only upon the approval of the Advisory Committee. 53 SECTION 10.02. Dissolution. Subject to the Delaware Act, the Partnership shall be dissolved and its affairs shall be wound up upon the earliest of: (a) the expiration of the term of the Partnership provided in Section 10.01; (b) the written consent of the General Partner and the Required Limited Partners to dissolve the Partnership, which consent shall not be effective unless each Related Fund is also being concurrently dissolved; (c) a decision made by the General Partner, in its discretion after consultation with counsel, to dissolve the Partnership because it has determined in good faith that (i) changes in any applicable law or regulation would have a material adverse effect on the continuation of the Partnership or (ii) such action is necessary or desirable as provided in Section 2.03; (d) an event of withdrawal of the General Partner (within the meaning of the Delaware Act) unless, (i) at the time there is at least one remaining general partner of the Partnership and all remaining general partners shall agree to continue the business of the Partnership without dissolution, or (ii) if there is no remaining general partner of the Partnership, the Required Limited Partners agree in writing or vote within 90 days of such event of withdrawal to continue the business of the Partnership and to the appointment of a successor general partner of the Partnership, effective as of the date of such event; (e) the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution under Section 17-802 of the Delaware Act; (f) at any time there are no limited partners of the Partnership, unless the Partnership is continued in accordance with the Delaware Act. SECTION 10.03. Liquidation of Partnership. Upon dissolution, the Partnership's business shall be liquidated in an orderly manner. Except as provided in the immediately succeeding sentence, the General Partner shall be the liquidator to wind up the affairs of the Partnership pursuant to this Agreement. If there shall be no General Partner or if the Partnership shall be dissolved pursuant to Section 10.02(d), the Limited Partners, upon the approval of the Required Limited Partners, may approve one or more liquidators to act as the liquidator in carrying out such liquidation. In performing its duties, subject to the Delaware Act, the liquidator is authorized to sell, distribute, exchange or otherwise dispose of the assets of the Partnership in any reasonable manner that the liquidator shall determine to be in the best interest of the Partners. 54 SECTION 10.04. Distribution Upon Dissolution of the Partnership. Upon dissolution of the Partnership, the liquidator winding up the affairs of the Partnership shall determine in its discretion which assets of the Partnership shall be sold and which assets of the Partnership shall be retained for distribution in kind to the Partners. Subject to Section 6.05(b), assets to be distributed in kind shall be valued by the liquidator in its discretion. Subject to the Delaware Act, after all liabilities of the Partnership have been satisfied or duly provided for, the remaining assets of the Partnership shall be distributed to the Partners pro rata in accordance with their positive Capital Account balances, as adjusted in accordance with Article 6 (including, without limitation, adjustments attributable to sales of assets pursuant to this Section 10.04 and adjustments to reflect unrealized gain or loss in the assets to be distributed). (a) In the discretion of the liquidator, and subject to the Delaware Act, a portion of the distributions that would otherwise be made to the General Partner and the Limited Partners pursuant to this Section 10.04 may be: (i) distributed to a trust established for the benefit of the Partners for purposes of liquidating Partnership assets, collecting amounts owed to the Partnership, and paying any liabilities or obligations of the Partnership or the General Partner arising out of, or in connection with, this Agreement or the Partnership's affairs; or (ii) withheld, with respect to any Partner, to provide a reserve for the payment of such Partner's share of future Partnership Expenses; provided that such withheld amounts shall be distributed to the Partners as soon as the liquidator determines, in its discretion, that it is no longer necessary to retain such amounts. The assets of any trust established in connection with clause (i) above shall be distributed to the Partners from time to time, in the discretion of the liquidator, in the same proportions as the amount distributed to such trust by the Partnership would otherwise have been distributed to the Partners pursuant to this Agreement. (b) Each Partner shall look solely to the assets of the Partnership for the return of such Partner's aggregate Invested Capital in Partnership Investments, and no Partner shall have priority over any other Partner as to the return of such Invested Capital. SECTION 10.05. Withdrawal, Death or Incompetency of a Limited Partner. Except as otherwise provided in Article 12, a Limited Partner may not withdraw from the Partnership prior to its dissolution and winding up. Upon the death or incompetency of an individual Limited Partner, such Limited Partner shall not be entitled to receive the fair value or his or her interest in the Partnership under Section 17-604 of the Delaware Act. Upon the death or incompetency of an individual Limited Partner, such Limited Partner's executor, administrator, guardian, 55 conservator or other legal representative may exercise all of such Limited Partner's rights for the purpose of settling such Limited Partner's estate or administering such Limited Partner's property, except that the General Partner may reduce or cancel the Available Capital Commitment of such Limited Partner (on such terms as the General Partner determines in its discretion (which may include leaving such Limited Partner obligated to make Capital Contributions with respect to Partnership Expenses and, if applicable, Parallel Investment Expenses up to the amount of such Limited Partner's Available Capital Commitment immediately prior to the time such Available Capital Commitment is so reduced or canceled)); provided that following the death of a managing director, senior advisor or employee of Greenhill who owns an investment vehicle which is a Limited Partner, the General Partner may reduce or cancel the Available Capital Commitment of such Limited Partner (on such terms as the General Partner determines in its discretion (which may include leaving such Limited Partner obligated to make Capital Contributions with respect to Partnership Expenses and, if applicable, Parallel Investment Expenses up to the amount of such Limited Partner's Available Capital Commitment immediately prior to the time such Available Capital Commitment is so reduced or canceled)). Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, no other event affecting a Limited Partner (including bankruptcy or insolvency) shall affect its obligations under this Agreement or affect the Partnership. ARTICLE 11 TRANSFERABILITY OF GENERAL PARTNER'S INTEREST SECTION 11.01. Transferability of General Partner's Interest. (a) Except as otherwise provided herein, the General Partner may not, directly or indirectly, sell, exchange, transfer, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of all or any portion of its interest in the Partnership (any such direct or indirect sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, swap or other disposition being herein collectively called "Transfers") to any Person (other than to a successor-in-interest (by merger or otherwise) or assignee that is an Affiliate of Greenhill, which Transfer may be made without the approval of any other Partner) without the prior approval of Limited Partners (other than Defaulting Investors) and limited partners of the Related Funds (other than defaulting partners) representing at least 75% of the aggregate Capital Commitments of all Limited Partners (other than Defaulting Investors) and limited partners of the Related Funds (other than defaulting partners) at such time. If the General Partner so determines in its discretion, and any such prior approval of the Limited Partners (if required) so provides, the General Partner may admit any Person to whom the General Partner proposes to make such a Transfer as an additional general partner of the Partnership, and such transferee shall be deemed admitted to the Partnership as a general partner of the Partnership 56 immediately prior to such Transfer and shall continue the business of the Partnership without dissolution. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this Article 11, the General Partner may not withdraw from the Partnership (within the meaning of the Delaware Act) or be removed as general partner of the Partnership. ARTICLE 12 TRANSFERABILITY OF A LIMITED PARTNER'S INTEREST SECTION 12.01. Restrictions on Transfer. (a) Subject to Section 10.05, no Transfer of all or any part of a Limited Partner's interest in the Partnership may be made without the prior approval of the General Partner, which approval may be granted or withheld by the General Partner in its discretion. (b) The foregoing provisions of this Section 12.01 shall not apply to any Transfer by a Limited Partner of all or any part of such Limited Partner's interest in the Partnership to an Affiliate of such Limited Partner. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 12.01(b), in no event may a Limited Partner Transfer any portion of its interest in the Partnership nor may a Substituted Limited Partner be admitted to the Partnership if such Transfer or such admission would, in the judgment of the General Partner, cause a dissolution of the Partnership under the Delaware Act, cause the Partnership's assets to be deemed to be "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, cause the Partnership to be an "investment company" within the meaning of the Investment Company Act, cause the General Partner or the Manager to be in violation of the Advisers Act, or would, in the judgment of the General Partner, violate, or cause the Partnership to violate, any applicable law or regulation, including any applicable federal or state securities laws. In no event shall the Partnership participate in the establishment of a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof as defined in Treas. Reg. Section 1.7704-1(c) or the inclusion of its interests on such a market or on an established securities market as defined in Treas. Reg. Section 1.7701-1(b), or recognize any Transfers made on any of the foregoing by admitting the purported transferee as a Partner or otherwise recognizing the rights of such transferee. SECTION 12.02. Expenses of Transfer; Indemnification. All expenses, including attorneys' fees and expenses, incurred by the General Partner or the Partnership in connection with any Transfer shall, unless otherwise determined by the General Partner in its discretion, be borne by the transferring Limited Partner or such Limited Partner's transferee (any such transferee, when admitted and shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership, being hereinafter called a "Substituted Limited Partner"). In addition, the transferring Limited 57 Partner or such transferee shall indemnify the Partnership and the General Partner in a manner satisfactory to the General Partner against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Partnership or the General Partner may become subject arising out of, related to or in connection with any false representation or warranty made by, or breach or failure to comply with any covenant or agreement of, such transferring Limited Partner or such transferee. SECTION 12.03. Recognition of Transfer; Substituted Limited Partners. (a) No purchaser, assignee, or other recipient of all or any portion of a Limited Partner's interest in the Partnership may be admitted to the Partnership as a Substituted Limited Partner without the prior approval of the General Partner (which may, in the General Partner's discretion, be withheld). If the General Partner approves the admission of any Person to the Partnership as a Substituted Limited Partner, such Person, as a condition to its admission as a Limited Partner, shall execute and acknowledge such instruments (including a counterpart of this Agreement), in form and substance satisfactory to the General Partner, as the General Partner reasonably deems necessary or desirable to effectuate such admission and to confirm the agreement of such Person to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement with respect to the interest in the Partnership acquired by such Person. (b) The Partnership shall not (subject to Section 10.05) recognize for any purpose any purported Transfer of all or any part of a Limited Partner's interest in the Partnership and no purchaser, assignee, transferee or other recipient of all or any part of such interest shall become a Substituted Limited Partner hereunder unless: (i) the provisions of Sections 12.01, 12.02 and 12.03(a) shall have been complied with; (ii) the General Partner shall have been furnished with the documents effecting such Transfer, in form reasonably satisfactory to the General Partner, executed and acknowledged by both the seller, assignor or transferor and the purchaser, assignee, transferee or other recipient; (iii) such purchaser, assignee, transferee or other recipient shall have represented that such Transfer was made in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations; (iv) all necessary governmental consents shall have been obtained in respect of such Transfer; 58 (v) the books and records of the Partnership shall have been changed (which change shall be made as promptly as practicable) to reflect the admission of such Substituted Limited Partner; and (vi) all necessary instruments reflecting such admission shall have been filed in each jurisdiction in which such filing is necessary in order to qualify the Partnership to conduct business or to preserve the limited liability of the Limited Partners. Upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in this Section 12.03, any such purchaser, assignee, or other recipient shall become a Substituted Limited Partner. SECTION 12.04. Transfers During a Fiscal Year. If any Transfer (other than a pledge or hypothecation) of a Partner's interest in the Partnership shall occur at any time other than the end of the Partnership's fiscal year, the distributive shares of the various items of Partnership income, gain, loss, and expense as computed for tax purposes and the related cash distributions shall be allocated between the transferor and the transferee on such proper basis as the transferor and the transferee shall agree consistent with applicable requirements under Section 706 of the Code; provided that no such allocation shall be effective unless (i) the transferor and the transferee shall have given the Partnership written notice, prior to the effective date of such Transfer, stating their agreement that such allocation shall be made on such proper basis, (ii) the General Partner shall have consented to such allocation, and (iii) the transferor and the transferee shall have agreed to reimburse the General Partner for any incremental accounting fees and other expenses incurred by the General Partner in making such allocation. If the transferor and transferee fail to give notice to the Partnership in accordance with the proviso to the immediately preceding sentence, all allocations shall be made in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 706 of the Code. SECTION 12.05. Securities Laws; Legends. (a) The limited partner interests have been issued pursuant to a claim of exemption from the registration or qualification provisions of U.S. federal and state and non-U.S. securities laws and may not be sold or transferred without compliance with the registration or qualification provisions of applicable U.S. federal and state and non-U.S. securities laws or applicable exemptions therefrom. (b) Certificates for any limited partner interest or interests may be issued evidencing a Limited Partner's limited partner interest. Each such certificate shall bear such legends as may be required by applicable federal or state laws, or as may be deemed necessary or appropriate by the General Partner to reflect restrictions upon transfer contemplated herein. 59 ARTICLE 13 MISCELLANEOUS SECTION 13.01. Amendments; Waivers. (a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 13.01(b) and 13.01(c) and in the proviso to this Section 13.01(a), any provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived with the approval of the General Partner and of the Required Limited Partners; provided that, except as provided in Section 13.01(b): (i) the provisions of Article 9, Section 10.01 and this Section 13.01 may not be amended or waived without the approval of the General Partner and all the Limited Partners (other than any Defaulting Investors); (ii) no amendment or waiver of the provisions of this Agreement may, without the approval of the General Partner, the Required Limited Partners and the affected Limited Partner, (A) increase the liability of a Limited Partner beyond the liability of such Limited Partner expressly set forth in this Agreement (including pursuant to Section 2.03) or otherwise modify or affect the limited liability of such Partner, (B) change the Capital Commitment of such affected Limited Partner (other than as provided in this Agreement) or (C) change the amount or timing of distributions or the method of allocations (including tax allocations) made under Article 6 in a manner adverse to such affected Limited Partner; (iii) any requirement in any provision of this Agreement that a certain percentage of Capital Commitments is necessary for any action or approval of the Partners may not be amended or waived without the approval of the General Partner and Limited Partners (and limited partners of the Related Funds) having Capital Commitments representing in aggregate at least such specified percentage of Capital Commitments; and (iv) no amendment of any provision of the Agreement shall be effective against any BHC Partner that would amend the definition of BHC Partner or the provisions of Section 2.16 (with respect to the rights of BHC Partners), without the consent of each BHC Partner adversely affected thereby. (b) The provisions of Section 3.03(d)(ii) may be waived with respect to any Limited Partner affected by Section 3.03(d)(ii) in connection with any Investment with the approval of the General Partner and such Limited Partner affected by Section 3.03(d)(ii) as to such Investment. (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement (except clauses (i)-(iv) of Section 13.01(a)), the General Partner may, without the approval of any Limited Partner, amend or waive any provision of this Agreement; provided that such amendment or waiver shall not be 60 adverse to any Limited Partner. The General Partner shall give prompt notice to each Limited Partner of any amendment of this Agreement pursuant to the preceding sentence. SECTION 13.02. Approvals. (a) Each Investor agrees that, to the extent permitted by applicable law and except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, for purposes of obtaining or granting the approval or consent of the Investors (including any such approval or consent required under the Advisers Act) with respect to any proposed action (other than pursuant to Section 13.01) by the Partnership, the General Partner or any of its Affiliates and, if applicable, any Parallel Investors, any of the following shall bind the Partnership, the General Partner and each Investor and shall have the same legal effect as the written approval of the General Partner and each Investor: (i) the written approval of the General Partner and the Required Limited Partners. The General Partner may request the written approval of the Required Limited Partners to approve any matter required to be so approved by the Advisers Act; (ii) with respect to any such proposed action relating to a particular Investment, the written approval of the General Partner and Investors having a majority of the Invested Capital in such Investment at such time (it being understood that the written approval of the General Partner and Investors having a majority of the Invested Capital in each Investment Portion comprising such Investment shall not be required); and (iii) with respect to any such proposed action affecting certain (but not all) Investors, the written approval of the General Partner and affected Investors having a majority of the Capital Commitments of all such affected Investors at such time. (b) Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, with respect to any provision of this Agreement (including Sections 11.01 and 13.01) requiring the approval of Investors having a specified percentage of Invested Capital or Capital Commitments, as the case may be, (i) for purposes of calculating the arithmetic fraction represented by such percentage, there shall be excluded from both the numerator and denominator of such fraction the Capital Commitments or Invested Capital, as the case may be, of any Defaulting Investor, and (ii) the approval of any Defaulting Investor (except in connection with Section 13.01(a)(ii)) shall not be required. SECTION 13.03. Mergers and Consolidations. The Partnership may merge or consolidate with or into one or more Delaware limited partnerships or other business entities (as defined in the Delaware Act) pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 17- 211 (including Section 17-211(g)) of the Delaware Act upon the approval of the General Partner and the Required Limited Partners; provided that (i) in connection with any such merger or consolidation, 61 no amendment of any provision of this Agreement may, directly or indirectly, be effected without the approval required for an amendment of such provision in accordance with Section 13.01 and (ii) the surviving entity of such merger or consolidation shall be a Delaware limited partnership or a Delaware limited liability company. Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement (but subject to the immediately preceding sentence), any agreement of merger or consolidation approved in accordance with the Delaware Act may (x) effect any amendment to this Agreement or (y) effect the adoption of a new partnership agreement for the Partnership if it is the surviving or resulting entity in such merger or consolidation. SECTION 13.04. Investment Representation. Each Partner, by executing this Agreement, represents and warrants that its interest in the Partnership has been acquired by it for its own account, or for the account of a commingled pension trust or other institutional investor, previously specified in writing to the Partnership, with respect to whom it has full investment discretion, for investment and not with a view to resale or distribution thereof and that it is fully aware that in agreeing to admit it as a Partner, the General Partner and the Partnership are relying upon the truth and accuracy of this representation and warranty. SECTION 13.05. Successors; Counterparts; Beneficiaries. This Agreement (i) shall be binding as to the executors, administrators, estates, heirs and legal successors of the Partners and (ii) may be executed in several counterparts with the same effect as if the parties executing the several counterparts had all executed one counterpart. The provisions of this Agreement are intended solely to benefit the Partners and the Indemnified Persons and, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, shall not be construed as conferring any benefit upon any creditor of the Partnership (and no such creditor shall be a third-party beneficiary of this Agreement), and no Partner shall have any duty or obligation to any creditor of the Partnership to make any contributions or payments to the Partnership. SECTION 13.06. Governing Law; Severability; Certain Matters as to the General Partner. (a) THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE. In particular, it shall be construed to the maximum extent possible to comply with all of the terms and conditions of the Delaware Act. If it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that any provision or wording of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable under the Delaware Act or other applicable law, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not invalidate the entire Agreement, in which case this Agreement shall be construed so as to limit any term or provision so as to make it enforceable or valid within the requirements of applicable law, and, in the event such term or provision cannot be so limited, this Agreement shall be construed to omit such invalid or unenforceable provisions. 62 (b) The execution and delivery by the General Partner of and the performance by the General Partner of its obligations under this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary limited liability company action on the part of the General Partner. The General Partner has the requisite limited liability company power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the General Partner, constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the General Partner, and is enforceable against the General Partner, in its capacity as general partner of the Partnership, in accordance with its terms. SECTION 13.07. Further Assurance. Each Limited Partner, upon the request of the General Partner, agrees to perform all further acts and to execute, acknowledge and deliver any documents that may reasonably be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Agreement. SECTION 13.08. Filings. The General Partner shall promptly prepare, following the execution and delivery of this Agreement, any documents required to be filed and recorded, or, which are in the General Partner's discretion, appropriate for filing and recording, under the Delaware Act, and the General Partner shall promptly cause each such document to be filed and recorded in accordance with the Delaware Act and, to the extent required by local law, to be filed and recorded or notice thereof to be published in the appropriate place in each State in which the Partnership may hereafter establish a place of business. The General Partner shall also promptly cause to be filed, recorded and published such statements of fictitious business name and other notices, certificates, statements or other instruments required by any provision of any applicable law of the United States or any State or other jurisdiction which governs the conduct of its business from time to time. SECTION 13.09. Power of Attorney. (a) Each Limited Partner does hereby constitute and appoint each of the General Partner and its officers as its true and lawful representative and attorney-in-fact, in its name, place and stead to make, execute, sign, deliver and file (i) a Certificate of Limited Partnership of the Partnership and any amendment thereof required because of an amendment to this Agreement or in order to effectuate any change in the membership of the Partnership, (ii) any amendments to this Agreement in accordance with Section 13.01, and (iii) all such other instruments, documents and certificates which may from time to time be required by the Delaware Act, or any other jurisdiction, to effectuate, implement and continue the valid and subsisting existence of the Partnership or to dissolve the Partnership. Such representatives and attorneys-in-fact shall not have any right, power or authority to amend or modify this Agreement when acting in such capacities. (b) The power of attorney granted pursuant to this Section 13.09 is coupled with an interest and shall (i) survive and not be affected by the subsequent death, incapacity, disability, dissolution, termination or bankruptcy of the Limited Partner granting such power of attorney or 63 the transfer of all or any portion of such Limited Partner's interest in the Partnership, and (ii) extend to such Limited Partner's successors, assigns and legal representatives. SECTION 13.10. No Bill for Partnership Accounting. Subject to mandatory provisions of law applicable to a Limited Partner and to circumstances involving a breach of this Agreement, each of the Partners covenants that it will not (except with the consent of the General Partner) file a bill for Partnership accounting. SECTION 13.11. Goodwill. No value shall be placed on the name or goodwill of the Partnership. SECTION 13.12. Notices. All notices, requests and other communications to any party hereunder shall be in writing (including facsimile or similar writing) and shall be given to such party at its address or facsimile number set forth in a schedule filed with the records of the Partnership or such other address or facsimile number as such party may hereafter specify for the purpose by notice in like manner to the General Partner (if such party is a Limited Partner) or to all the Limited Partners (if such party is the General Partner). Each such notice, request or other communication shall be effective (i) if given by facsimile, when such facsimile is transmitted to the facsimile number specified pursuant to this Section 13.12 and the appropriate confirmation is received, (ii) if given by mail, 72 hours after such communication is deposited in the mails with first class postage prepaid, addressed as aforesaid, or (iii) if given by any other means, when delivered at the address specified pursuant to this Section 13.12; provided that (A) notices to the General Partner under Article 5 shall not be effective until received and (B) Drawdown Notices to Investors shall be given by facsimile, certified or express mail or special courier service. SECTION 13.13. Headings. Section and other headings contained in this Agreement are for reference only and are not intended to describe, interpret, define or limit the scope or intent of this Agreement or any provision hereof. SECTION 13.14. Tax Election. The Partners agree that neither the Partnership, the General Partner nor any Limited Partner shall take any action pursuant to applicable regulations under Section 7701 of the Code, or that is otherwise inconsistent with the treatment of the Partnership as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes. SECTION 13.15. Side Letters. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the parties hereto acknowledge that the Partnership or the General Partner, on its own behalf or on behalf of the Partnership, without any further act, approval or vote of any Partner, may enter into Side Letters with certain Limited Partners which have the effect of establishing rights under, or altering or supplementing the terms of, this Agreement or subscription agreements with the Limited Partners. The parties hereto agree that any rights established, or any terms of this 64 Agreement or subscription agreements with the Limited Partners altered or supplemented, in a Side Letter with any Limited Partner shall govern with respect to such Limited Partner notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or subscription agreements with the Limited Partners. 65 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have hereto set their hands as of the day and year first above written. GCP, L.P. as General Partner By: GCP, LLC, its general partner By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus ------------------------------------- Name: Robert H. Niehaus Title: Senior Member David Glenn solely to reflect his withdrawal as initial Limited Partner /s/ David Glenn ----------------------------------------- Accepted and Agreed: GREENHILL FUND MANAGEMENT CO., LLC solely in its capacity as Manager By: /s/ Robert H. Niehaus --------------------------------- Name: Robert H. Niehaus Title: Chairman APPENDIX A DEFINITIONS "Admission Period" means the period commencing on the first Closing Date and ending twelve months from the first Closing Date. "Advisers Act" means the U.S. Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended from time to time. "Affiliate" of any Person means any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such Person. With respect to any natural person, the term "Affiliate" shall include any member of such person's "immediate family", as defined in Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The term "control" means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. It is understood that, for purposes of this Agreement, the Partnership is not an Affiliate of the General Partner, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates. "Agreement" means this Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, as amended from time to time. "Allocable Expenses" means, with respect to any Investor at any time, the portion of the aggregate Partnership Investment Expenses, Partnership Administrative Expenses, Partnership Organizational Expenses and all other Partnership Expenses (other than Management Fees) borne by such Investor prior to such time (whether through the application of any Capital Contributions made by such Investor, payments made pursuant to Section 9.03 or any other sources of funds of the Partnership or any Parallel Investment attributable to such Investor) that are allocable to all Realized Investment Portions in which such Investor was a Participating Investor, determined by (i) dividing (A) the aggregate amount of Capital Contributions made by all Investors with respect to all Realized Investment Portions in which such Investor was a Participating Investor at such time by (B) the aggregate amount of Capital Contributions made by all Investors with respect to all Investment Portions in which such Investor was a Participating Investor, whether Realized Investment Portions or Unrealized Investment Portions at such time, and (ii) multiplying such amount by the aggregate Partnership Investment Expenses, Partnership Administrative Expenses, Partnership Organizational Expenses and all other Partnership Expenses (other than Management Fees) borne by such Investor prior to such time. "Authorized Representative" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.08(a). A-1 "Available Capital Commitment" means, with respect to the General Partner or any Investor at any time, the excess, if any, of (a) such Person's Capital Commitment at such time over (b) such Person's aggregate Capital Contributions made prior to such time, subject to adjustment as provided in this Agreement. For purposes of this definition, any Person's aggregate Capital Contributions at any time shall be reduced by the aggregate amount theretofore repaid (as a distribution or otherwise) to such Person: (i) as a return of Realized Invested Capital in respect of any Interim Financing; provided that such Realized Investment Portion is realized within 18 months after the making of such Interim Financing; or (ii) as a result of the Investment, in respect of which such Capital Contribution was made, having been made in a lesser amount than the Investment Drawdown Amount specified in the applicable Drawdown Notice so long as the repayment is effected as soon as practicable after such Investment is made. "Available Commitment Percentage" means, with respect to the General Partner or any Investor at any time, the percentage derived by dividing such Person's Available Capital Commitment at such time by the aggregate amount of the Available Capital Commitments of the General Partner and all Investors (except as otherwise provided in this Agreement) at such time. "Borrowing Costs" means, with respect to any borrowing, any interest, fees or other expenses attributable to such borrowing, but shall not include any repayment of the principal amount of such borrowing. "Business Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York are authorized by law to close. "Capital Account" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.07. "Capital Commitment" means, with respect to any Partner at any time, the amount specified as such Partner's capital commitment at the time such Partner was admitted to the Partnership (as adjusted as provided in this Agreement), which amount shall be set forth on the books and records of the Partnership. "Capital Contribution" means (i) with respect to any Partnership Investment or Partnership Expenses, a Partnership Capital Contribution and (ii) with respect to any Parallel Investment or Parallel Investment Expenses, a Parallel Capital Contribution. For purposes of this Agreement, a Capital Contribution "in respect of" or "with respect to" an Investment shall mean a contribution applied directly towards acquiring the securities comprising such Investment, and shall not refer to a contribution applied towards any Expenses relating to, in connection with or attributable to such Investment. A-2 "Closing Date" means any date established by the General Partner for the admission to the Partnership of a Limited Partner (other than a Substituted Limited Partner) or the increase of a Limited Partner's Capital Commitment pursuant to Section 1.07. "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. "Commitment Percentage" means, with respect to any Partner at any time, the percentage derived by dividing such Partner's Capital Commitment at such time by Overall Capital at such time. "Commitment Period" means the period commencing on the first Closing Date established pursuant to Section 1.07(a) and ending on the close of the Business Day on or immediately following the fifth anniversary of the last Closing Date established pursuant to Section 1.07(c); provided that if such period is terminated by the General Partner or the Investors pursuant to Section 5.01, the "Commitment Period" shall mean, for purposes of any provision of this Agreement, the period commencing on such first Closing Date and ending at the time such period is so terminated by the General Partner or by the Investors, as the case may be. "Competing Fund" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(a). "Confidential Offering Memorandum" means the Confidential Offering Memorandum dated April 2000, as amended or supplemented, relating to the offering of limited partner interests in the Partnership. "Contribution Date" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.07(e). "Convertible Security" means any security of a Portfolio Company that is exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into any other security of such Portfolio Company or any security of an Affiliate of such Portfolio Company, including, without limitation, warrants, options, convertible or exchangeable securities and other similar securities. "Default" means, except as otherwise provided in Section 2.04, any failure of an Investor to make all or a portion of its required Capital Contribution on the applicable Drawdown Date, unless such Investor is excused pursuant to Section 5.03 from making such Capital Contribution. "Default Amount" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.04(a). "Defaulting Investor" means, at any time, each Investor who, at or prior to such time, has committed a Default that has become an Event of Default. A-3 "Delaware Act" has the meaning set forth in the first recital of this Agreement. "Designated Amount" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.07(e). "Disposition" means any sale, exchange, transfer or other disposition of all or any portion of any class or series of securities comprising any Investment, including a distribution in kind to the General Partner and Investors pursuant to Section 6.05 (or the analogous or corresponding provisions of any agreement governing any Parallel Investment). "Drawdown" means a drawdown of cash contributions from one or more Investors pursuant to a Drawdown Notice in accordance with Article 5. "Drawdown Date" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.02(b). "Drawdown Notice" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.02(a). "ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time. "ERISA Partner" means any Limited Partner that is an employee benefit plan which is subject to the provisions of Part 4 of Subtitle B of Title I of ERISA. "Event of Default" means any Default that shall not have been (i) cured by the Investor who committed such Default within 20 Business Days after the occurrence of such Default or (ii) waived by the General Partner on such terms as determined by the General Partner in its discretion before such Default has otherwise become an Event of Default pursuant to clause (i) hereof. "Excused Investor" means, with respect to any Investment, any Investor who is excused pursuant to Section 5.03 from making all or a portion of its Capital Contribution that would otherwise be required in respect of such Investment. "Expenses" means any Partnership Expenses or Parallel Investment Expenses. "Expenses Drawdown Amount" means the aggregate Capital Contributions to be made by the Investors with respect to Expenses in connection with any Drawdown pursuant to Article 5. A-4 "Follow-On Investment" means, with respect to any Portfolio Company in which an Investment has previously been made under this Agreement, any additional Investment in securities of such Portfolio Company. "General Partner" means GCP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (formerly Greenhill Capital Partners, LLC), in its capacity as a general partner of the Partnership; provided that any reference in this Agreement to the General Partner with respect to, in relation to or in connection with any Parallel Investor or Parallel Investment shall be deemed a reference to the General Partner in its individual capacity and not in its capacity as general partner of the Partnership. "General Partner Expenses" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.01. "Greenhill" means Greenhill & Co., LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. "Indemnification Obligations" has the meaning set forth in Section 9.01(c). "Indemnified Person" means each of the General Partner, the Manager and their Affiliates, and the directors, officers, members, partners, employees, stockholders, agents and representatives of the General Partner, the Manager and their Affiliates. "Initial Closing Period" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.07(e). "Interim Financing" means any equity or debt securities that the General Partner (i) believes in good faith, at the time the Investment by the Partnership in such securities is made, will be refinanced within 18 months and (ii) designates as an Interim Financing at the time of Investment. Interim Financings not refinanced within 18 months will be treated as Investments for purposes of this Agreement. "Invested Capital" of any Participating Investor, with respect to any Investment or Investment Portion at any time, means the aggregate amount of the Capital Contributions made by such Participating Investor with respect to such Investment or such Investment Portion as of such time less the aggregate amount of such Capital Contributions properly attributable to any portion of such Investment or such Investment Portion that is the subject of any Disposition prior to such time or has resulted in a Notional Loss. "Investment" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.03(e)(ii). "Investment Company Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time. A-5 "Investment Drawdown Amount" means, with respect to any Investment covered by a Drawdown, the aggregate Capital Contributions to be made by all of the Investors in respect of such Investment in connection with such Drawdown pursuant to Article 5. "Investment Expenses" with respect to any Investment, means all expenses (other than Partnership Investment Vehicle Expenses and Parallel Investment Vehicle Expenses) directly attributable to such Investment, including any Indemnified Obligation directly attributable to such Investment and all unreimbursed expenses incurred in connection with the making, holding, refinancing, pledging, sale or other Disposition or proposed refinancing, pledging, sale or other Disposition of all or any portion of such Investment. "Investment Percentage" of any Participating Investor in respect of any Investment at any time, means the percentage derived by dividing the aggregate amount of the Invested Capital of such Participating Investor at such time in such Investment by the aggregate amount of the Invested Capital of all Participating Investors (except as otherwise provided herein) at such time in such Investment. "Investment Portion" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.03(e)(i). "Investment Portion Percentage" of any Participating Investor in respect of any Investment Portion comprising all or part of any Investment at any time, means the percentage derived by dividing the aggregate amount of the Invested Capital of such Participating Investor at such time in such Investment Portion by the aggregate amount of the Invested Capital in such Investment Portion of all Participating Investors (except as otherwise provided herein) in such Investment Portion at such time. It is understood that a Partner may participate in any Investment through one or more Investment Portions, and such Partner will have a separate Investment Portion Percentage with respect to each Investment Portion in which it participates. "Investor" means each Limited Partner (i) in its capacity as a limited partner of the Partnership, with respect to any Partnership Investment, any Capital Contribution in respect of a Partnership Investment or Partnership Expense, or other matter relating to the Partnership, and (ii) in its capacity as a Parallel Investor, with respect to any Parallel Investment, any Capital Contribution in respect of a Parallel Investment or Parallel Investment Expense, or other matter relating to such Person as a Parallel Investor under this Agreement. "Key Men" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(e). "LIBOR" means the rate per annum for deposits in U.S. dollars for a period of three months for an amount approximately equal to the Default Amount at approximately 11:00 A.M. (London time) on the Drawdown Date which appears on the Telerate Page 3750 (or such other A-6 Telerate Page as may in the future contain the per annum rate for three- month U.S. Dollar LIBOR). If Telerate ceases or fails to publish such a rate, the General Partner shall in good faith designate another internationally reputable source publishing such rate. "Limited Partner" means, at any time, any Person who is at such time a limited partner of the Partnership and shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership, in such Person's capacity as limited partner of the Partnership. "LP Advisory Committee" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.10(a). "Management Agreement" means the Management Agreement between the Manager and the Partnership, dated as of the date hereof, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, as such agreement may be amended from time to time. "Manager" means Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC, a Delaware limited liability company or such other Affiliate of Greenhill that shall be designated by Greenhill from time to time as the manager to the Partnership. "Marketable Securities" mean securities that are (A) traded on a securities exchange, reported through the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System or comparable established non-U.S. over-the-counter trading system or otherwise traded over-the-counter for which quotations of market prices are readily available and (B) not subject to material legal or contractual restrictions on transferability. "Material Adverse Effect" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.03(b). "New Commitment" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.07(d). "New Commitment Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.07(d). "Notional Loss" means, at any date with respect to any Unrealized Investment Portion and any Participating Investor, the amount of the clear and permanent impairment in value, as determined by the General Partner, of such Participating Investor's Invested Capital with respect to such Unrealized Investment Portion as a result of the applicable Portfolio Company (i) having defaulted in the payment on its outstanding indebtedness or (ii) having commenced or as to which a proceeding under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (or comparable non-U.S. statute) has been commenced. "Organizational Expenses" means all expenses of organizing the Partnership and the Related Funds, including expenses incurred by the Partnership, the Related Funds or the General A-7 Partner in connection with the marketing and private placement of the limited partner interests in the Partnership and the Related Funds. "Original Acquisition Cost" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.07(e). "Original Agreement" has the meaning set forth in the first recital of this Agreement. "Original Investment" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.03(e)(ii). "Overall Capital" means, at any time, the sum of (i) the aggregate Capital Commitments of all the Partners at such time plus (ii) the aggregate Capital Commitments of all Partners of all Related Funds at such time. "Parallel Capital Contribution" means, with respect to any Parallel Investor, a cash contribution in respect of any Parallel Investment or Parallel Investment Expenses made by such Parallel Investor pursuant to Article 5. "Parallel Investment" means an investment (including a Follow-On Investment) contemplated by this Agreement, other than through the Partnership and other than pursuant to Section 3.07, in any equity securities or equity-related securities (including preferred equity, subordinated debt or similar securities), or debt securities that, in any case, is, in the sole judgment of the General Partner at the time a Person commits to make such investment, an appropriate investment for such Person. "Parallel Investment Expenses" means, with respect to any Parallel Investment, any expenses of the type specified in Section 4.02 incurred in connection with a Parallel Investment. "Parallel Investment Vehicle" means any Person formed for the purpose of making any Parallel Investment. "Parallel Investment Vehicle Expenses" means, with respect to the Investment Portion comprising all or any part of any Parallel Investment, all expenses directly attributable to the formation, operation or administration of the Parallel Investment Vehicle, if any, relating to such Investment Portion and any expenses comparable to the foregoing, in the absence of a Parallel Investment Vehicle with respect to such Investment Portion. "Parallel Investor" means any Partner (other than an ERISA Partner) in its individual capacity as an investor (directly or through a Parallel Investment Vehicle) in respect of a Parallel Investment (and not in its capacity as a partner of the Partnership). A-8 "Participating Investor" means, with respect to any Investment, any Participating Partner or Participating Parallel Investor in respect of such Investment. "Participating Parallel Investor" means, with respect to any Parallel Investment, any Parallel Investor who has made a Parallel Capital Contribution in respect of such Parallel Investment. "Participating Partner" means, with respect to any Partnership Investment, any Partner who has made a Partnership Capital Contribution in respect of such Partnership Investment. "Partners" means the General Partner and the Limited Partners, and "Partner" means any Limited Partner or the General Partner. "Partnership" means Greenhill Capital, L.P., as such limited partnership may from time to time be constituted. "Partnership Administrative Expenses" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.02(a)(iii). "Partnership Capital Contribution" means, with respect to any Partner, a cash contribution in respect of any Partnership Investment or Partnership Expenses made by such Partner to the Partnership pursuant to Article 5. "Partnership Expenses" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.02(a). "Partnership Investment" means an investment (including a Follow-On Investment) by the Partnership in any equity securities or equity-related securities (including preferred equity, convertible debt or similar securities), or debt securities or that, in any case, is, in the sole judgment of the General Partner at the time the Partnership commits to make such investment, an appropriate investment for the Partnership. "Partnership Investment Expenses" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.02(a)(ii). "Partnership Investment Percentage" of any Participating Partner, in respect of any Partnership Investment at any time, means the percentage derived by dividing the aggregate amount of Invested Capital of such Participating Partner at such time in such Partnership Investment by the aggregate amount of Invested Capital of all Participating Partners (except as otherwise provided in this Agreement) at such time in respect of such Partnership Investment. A-9 "Partnership Investment Vehicle" means any Person formed for the purpose of making any Partnership Investment in accordance with Section 3.03. "Partnership Investment Vehicle Expenses" means all expenses with respect to the formation, operation or administration of any Partnership Investment Vehicle. "Partnership Organization Expenses" means an amount of Organizational Expenses up to (but not in excess of) (i) $2.0 million times (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is the aggregate Capital Commitments of all Partners and the denominator of which is the Overall Capital. "Person" means any individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, trust or other entity. "Portfolio Company" means, with respect to any Investment, any Person that is the issuer of any equity securities or equity-related securities (including preferred equity, convertible debt or similar securities) or debt securities that are the subject of such Investment. "Pre-Closing Investments" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.07(e). "Prime Rate" means the rate of interest per annum publicly announced from time to time by The Chase Manhattan Bank (or any successor thereto) as its prime rate in effect at its principal office in New York City. "Private Equity Securities" means unlisted or illiquid equity securities or equity- related securities (including preferred equity, convertible debt or similar securities) that are acquired or proposed to be acquired in privately negotiated transactions. "Proceeding" means any action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding by or before any court, arbitrator, governmental body or other agency. "Proceeds" means, with respect to any Partnership Investment (including Interim Financings), the sum of (i) the cash and non-cash proceeds received by the Partnership from any Disposition of such Partnership Investment, or any dividends, interest or other distributions or other income received in connection with such Partnership Investment (other than Transaction Fees with respect to such Partnership Investment) less (ii) any expenses incurred by the Partnership in connection with such receipt. "Realized Invested Capital" of any Participating Investor, with respect to any Realized Investment Portion at any time, means the aggregate amount of Capital Contributions made by A-10 such Participating Investor at such time that are properly attributable to such Realized Investment Portion. "Realized Investment Expenses" means, with respect to any Investor at any time, any Investment Expenses that are attributable to all Realized Investment Portions at such time in which such Investor was a Participating Partner. "Realized Investment Portion" as of any date means all or any portion of any Investment Portion that has been subject to a Disposition prior to such date. "Related Fund" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.06. "Related Person" means, with respect to any Investment, any Person (other than the Partnership) that is, directly or indirectly, involved in any transaction related to, or giving rise to, such Investment, or any Affiliate of the Portfolio Company that is the subject of such Investment. "Required Limited Partners" means at any time Limited Partners (other than Defaulting Investors) and limited partners (other than defaulting limited partners) of the Related Funds having at least a majority of the Overall Capital (other than Defaulting Investors, defaulting investors of the Related Funds and Limited Partners and limited partners of the Related Funds who do not approve or disapprove of the matter requiring approval or consent of the Required Limited Partners and any limited partner who is a managing director, senior advisor, officer or employee of Greenhill or the General Partner or any Affiliate of such Persons). "Side Letter" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.07(g). "Special Income" means (i) Transaction Fees and (ii) any other income recognized with respect to any Investment or proposed Investment that in the reasonable judgment of the General Partner, in the case of any Investor that is a non-U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes, could constitute "income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States" within the meaning of Section 864(c) of the Code or any successor provision (other than solely by reason of Section 897 of the Code). "Substituted Limited Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 12.02. "Tax Percentage" means (i) with respect to net long-term capital gain, the highest blended U.S. federal and state income tax rate applicable to such type of capital gain, and (ii) with respect to all other types of income and gain, the highest blended U.S. federal and state income tax rate applicable to ordinary income, in each case, taking into account the deductibility of state taxes for federal income tax purposes. A-11 "Tax Matters Partner" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.07(b). "Temporary Cash Funds" shall mean a reserve of Temporary Investments that is established by the General Partner, in its discretion, to facilitate the making of Investments or the payment of expenses of the Partnership; provided that, upon the use of any portion or all of the Temporary Cash Funds in connection with an Investment, such portion of Temporary Cash Funds shall be deemed to be converted into an Investment as of the date of such use. "Temporary Investments" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.13 "Transaction Fees" means, with respect to any proposed Investment, (i) any fees or amounts that are paid to Greenhill, any Affiliate of Greenhill (including the General Partner), or the Partnership by any party in connection with the termination, cancellation or abandonment of such proposed Investment, including "break-up" or "topping" fees, (ii) any fees or amounts that are paid to the Partnership as a "commitment fee" with respect to commitments of the Partnership's equity capital with respect to such proposed Investment, (iii) any organization or success fees received by the General Partner or any of its Affiliates in connection with the making of such proposed investment or (iv) any periodic advisory fees charged by the General Partner or any of its Affiliates to any Portfolio Company. Transaction Fees shall not include investment banking or advisory fees; fees in connection with restructurings and mergers and acquisitions, and underwriting or placement fees. "Transfer" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.01(a). "Unrealized Investment Portion" as of any date means all or any portion of any Investment Portion that is not a Realized Investment Portion as of such date. A-12
Exhibit 10.18 AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF GREENHILL CAPITAL, L.P. This AMENDMENT (this "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Limited Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of June 30, 2000 (as amended, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the "Partnership Agreement"), of Greenhill Capital, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the "Partnership"), dated as of March 31, 2004, by and among GCP, L.P. ("GCP"), GCP Managing Partner, L.P. ("GCPMP"), and the limited partners of the Partnership (the "Limited Partners"). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Partnership Agreement. W I T N E S S E T H : WHEREAS, the GCP and the Limited Partners are parties to the Partnership Agreement; WHEREAS, in accordance with Section 11.01 of the Partnership Agreement, GCP is assigning to GCPMP, an Affiliate of Greenhill & Co., LLC, a portion of its general partnership interest in the Partnership representing all of its rights as General Partner to manage the Partnership, all of its rights to the portion of its Capital Account in the Partnership corresponding to GCP's interest in the Investments made by the Partnership after January 1, 2004 (the "Post-2003 Investments") and all of its rights to allocations and distributions from the Partnership as general partner (including all Carried Interest) with respect to all Post-2003 Investments (collectively the "Transferred Interests"); WHEREAS, GCP and GCPMP have also proposed an amendment relating to the removal of the general partners of Greenhill Capital Partners, L.P. and the other Related Funds without cause by the Required Limited Partners (such term, as defined in the Partnership Agreement, referring to a majority-in-interest of all the limited partners of the Partnership and the Related Funds, other than certain limited partners affiliated with Greenhill); WHEREAS, GCP and GCPMP hereby propose an amendment to the Partnership Agreement providing for the dissolution of the Partnership upon the simultaneous removal of the general partners from each of the Related Funds unless the majority of Limited Partners of the Partnership elect to continue the Partnership and remove the General Partners as provided herein; and WHEREAS, the Required Limited Partners have consented to amending the Partnership Agreement in the manner and as more fully set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, the parties hereto agree as follows: 1. Definitions. (a) The following new definition shall be added to Appendix A of the Partnership Agreement: "GCP" means GCP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership. "General Partners" means each of GCP and the Managing General Partner. "Managing General Partner" means GCP Managing Partner, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, in its capacity as a general partner of the Partnership. (b) Each reference to the General Partner in the Partnership Agreement shall be deemed to refer to the Managing General Partner; provided that (i) all rights of the General Partner to the portion of its Capital Account relating to Investments made by the Partnership prior to January 1, 2004 ("Pre-2004 Investments") and allocations and distributions that are payable to the General Partner with respect to Pre-2004 Investments shall be retained by GCP and (ii) all references to the General Partner in Article 4, Sections 2.03, 2.06, 9.02, 9.03 and 11.01 and the definition of Indemnified Person shall be deemed to refer to each of the General Partners. 2. Section 2.01. Section 2.01(a) of the Partnership Agreement is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows: Section 2.01. Management Generally. (a) The management and control of the Partnership shall be vested exclusively in the Managing General Partner; provided the Managing General Partner will not sell, transfer, assign, exchange or otherwise dispose of any Pre-2004 Investment without the approval of GCP. GCP shall be responsible for providing advice to the Partnership regarding all Pre-2004 Investments, including making determinations with respect to any sale, transfer, assignment, exchange or other disposition of each Pre-2004 Investment. GCP hereby delegates its power to manage the business to the Managing General Partner and hereby appoints the Managing General Partner as its attorney-in-fact for the purposes of signing all agreements and documents on behalf of the Partnership. The Limited Partners shall have no part in the management or control of the Partnership and shall have no authority or right to act on behalf of the Partnership in connection with any matter. 3. Section 5.01(c). Section 5.01(c) if the Partnership Agreement is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows: "(c) The Capital Commitment of the General Partners at any time shall not be less than 1% of the aggregate Capital Commitments of all the Partners at such time." 4. Assignment. For value received, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, GCP does hereby assign, transfer and convey to GCPMP the Transferred Interests. 2 5. Admission. GCPMP is hereby admitted to the Partnership as an additional general partner of the Partnership and shall assume all of the responsibilities and liabilities, and be entitled to all of the rights and benefits, as the Managing General Partner of the Partnership. GCPMP agrees to be bound by all of the terms and provisions of the Partnership Agreement with respect to the Transferred Interests and its rights and obligations as Managing General Partner. 6. Dissolution. The following new subsection (g) shall be added to Section 10.02 of the Partnership Agreement: (g) the effective date on which the General Partners are removed as general partners of the Related Funds pursuant to Section 11.02 of the partnership agreements for the Related Funds (as "Removal Event"). Limited Partners (other than Defaulting Investors) having a majority of the Capital Commitments of the Partnership elect within 30 days of the Removal Event to (i) continue the Partnership and (ii) remove and replace the General Partners in accordance with Section 11.02. 7. Removal of the General Partners. The following new Section 11.02 shall be added to the Partnership Agreement: "11.02 No-Fault Removal. The Required Limited Partners may, at their option, following a Removal Event require: (a) the removal, effective as of a date not less than 10 days from the date of notice to the General Partners of such removal, of the General Partners from the Partnership; and (b) the substitution of the Person designated by the Required Limited Partners as the successor general partner of the Related Funds as successor general partner of the Partnership in lieu thereof. Upon the effective date of such removal, such successor general partner shall be admitted as the sole general partner of the Partnership and, upon such admission, each of the General Partners shall be removed as general partner; provided that upon such removal: (i) the interest of each removed General Partner shall be converted into a special limited partner interest in the Partnership with a Capital Commitment equal to the amount of the Capital Contributions made by it prior to such date (and an Available Capital Commitment equal to $0.00) and each removed General Partner may not be removed as a Limited Partner without its written consent; (ii) GCP, as a special Limited Partner following any removal (the "GCP Limited Partner"), shall retain its interest in its Investment Portion Percentage of all capital invested in, and profits related to, each Pre-2004 3 Investment and shall be entitled to receive its Investment Portion Percentage of all distributions of capital and profits in respect of such Pre-2004 Investments (including any temporary investment income related thereto) pursuant to the terms of this Agreement in effect immediately prior to the delivery of notice of removal hereunder as if it had remained the general partner of the Partnership, and the successor general partner shall not have any interest in (or otherwise any rights to receive distributions directly or indirectly in respect of) such Pre-2004 Investments; (iii) The removed Managing General Partner, as a special Limited Partner following any removal (the "GCPMP Limited Partner"), shall retain its interest in its Investment Portion Percentage of all capital invested in, and profits related to, each Investment that was consummated by the Partnership after January 1, 2004 and prior to the effective date of its removal as General Partner under this Section 11.02 (the "GCPMP Investments") and shall be entitled to receive its Investment Portion Percentage of all distributions of capital and profits in respect of such GCPMP Investments (including any temporary investment income related thereto) pursuant to the terms of this Agreement in effect immediately prior to the delivery of notice of removal hereunder as if it had remained the general partner of the Partnership, and the successor general partner shall not have any interest in (or otherwise any rights to receive distributions directly or indirectly in respect of) such GCPMP Investments; (iv) all allocations and distributions (including in connection with the Partnership's liquidating distributions), and any temporary investment income related thereto, with respect to any Investment otherwise allocable or payable to the successor General Partner, or to which the successor general partner is otherwise entitled, shall instead be made as a special allocation or distribution, as applicable, to the GCP Limited Partner and the GCPMP Limited Partner (the "Removed GP Limited Partners"), until the Removed GP Limited Partners have received cumulative allocations and distributions equal to the amount of allocations and distributions that the Removed GP Limited Partners otherwise would have been entitled to receive pursuant to the terms of this Agreement in effect immediately prior to the delivery of notice of removal hereunder calculated as if (x) the Removed GP Limited Partners had not been removed as General Partner pursuant to this Section 11.02 and (y) no Investments had been made by the Partnership other than the Pre-2004 Investments and the GCPMP Investments; (v) Greenhill and its Affiliates (including the Removed GP Limited Partners) shall no longer be bound by the covenants under Sections 2.06, 2.13 or 3.05 of this Agreement upon the effective date of removal; and 4 (vi) the successor general partner shall assume and fund in cash any unpaid portion of the Capital Commitment of the Managing General Partner, as general partner. Any direct or indirect amendment on or after the effective date of the removal of the General Partners to the provisions of this Section 11.02 or any other provision of this Agreement that adversely affects the Removed GP Limited Partners' rights under this Section 11.02 (including, without limitation, any amendment to this Agreement that would adversely affect the Removed GP Limited Partners' allocations or distributions hereunder or require it to make any further capital contributions or payments on or after such removal) shall require the written consent of the Removed GP Limited Partners. A removal of the General Partners pursuant to this Section 11.02 shall be deemed a notice by the Partnership to terminate the Management Agreement pursuant to the terms thereof. The provisions of this Section 11.02 shall apply notwithstanding anything else to the contrary contained in this Agreement or the Investment Advisory Agreement." 8. Ratification and Confirmation of Partnership Agreement. Except as so modified pursuant to this Amendment, the Partnership Agreement is hereby ratified and confirmed in all respects. 9. Governing Law. This Amendment shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware. * * * 5 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Amendment effective as of the date first above written. GCP, L.P. By: ------------------------------- Name: Title: GCP MANAGING PARTNER, L.P. By: ------------------------------- Name: Title: LIMITED PARTNERS: All Limited Partners now and hereinafter admitted pursuant to powers of attorney granted to the General Partner By: GCP, L.P. By: --------------------------- Name: Title:
DRAFT Exhibit 10.19 THE LIMITED PARTNER INTERESTS EVIDENCED BY THIS AGREEMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OR FOREIGN JURISDICTION AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED WITHOUT COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE FEDERAL, STATE OR FOREIGN SECURITIES LAWS. IN ADDITION, TRANSFER OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THE LIMITED PARTNER INTERESTS IS RESTRICTED AS PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT. AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF GCP MANAGING PARTNER, L.P. DATED AS OF MARCH 31, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS ----------------- PAGE ---- ARTICLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Section 1.01. Definitions......................................................................1 Section 1.02. Name of the Partnership..........................................................1 Section 1.03. Continuation of the Partnership..................................................1 Section 1.04. Purposes of the Partnership and Powers...........................................1 Section 1.05. Office; Registered Agent.........................................................2 Section 1.06. Title to Partnership Property....................................................2 Section 1.07. Filing of Certificates...........................................................2 Section 1.08. Admission of Limited Partners....................................................3 Section 1.09. Subsequent Admission of Limited Partners.........................................3 ARTICLE 2 GOVERNANCE; MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF THE PARTNERSHIP Section 2.01. Management of the Partnership....................................................4 Section 2.02. Powers of the General Partner....................................................4 Section 2.03. Investment Committee.............................................................6 Section 2.04. Transactions with Affiliates.....................................................6 Section 2.05. Other Activities.................................................................7 Section 2.06. Books and Records; Accounting Method; Fiscal Year................................7 Section 2.07. Partnership for Tax Purposes; Partnership Tax Returns............................8 Section 2.08. Confidentiality..................................................................9 Section 2.09. Investment of Funds.............................................................10 Section 2.10. Other Authority.................................................................10 ARTICLE 3 CARRIED INTEREST POINTS; CERTAIN OTHER MATTERS Section 3.01. General Provisions..............................................................11 Section 3.02. Assignment of Carried Interest Points...........................................11 Section 3.03. Pro Rata Dilution...............................................................13 Section 3.04. No Right to Awards or Continued Employment......................................13 Section 3.05. Effect of Termination of Employment.............................................13 Section 3.06. Other Provisions Relating to Special Limited Partners...........................15 ARTICLE 4 EXPENSES Section 4.01. Definition of Expenses..........................................................16 Section 4.02. Responsibility for Partnership Expenses among the Partners......................17 ARTICLE 5 CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CLAWBACK OBLIGATIONS Section 5.01. Capital Contributions...........................................................17 Section 5.02. Payment of Capital Contributions................................................17 ARTICLE 6 CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; ALLOCATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS Section 6.01. Principles of Distributions Attributable to Invested Capital....................18 Section 6.02. Principles of Distributions Attributable to Carried Interest....................18 Section 6.03. Other Provisions Relating to Distributions......................................19 Section 6.04. Capital Accounts; Adjustments to Capital Accounts...............................20 Section 6.05. Tax Allocations.................................................................21 Section 6.06. Foreign Currency Considerations.................................................22 Section 6.07. Segregated Accounts; Netting of Carried Interest Shares; Distributions from Segregated Accounts........................................................22 Section 6.08. Loans and Withdrawal of Amounts Allocated to Capital Accounts...................24 Section 6.09. Repayment of Certain Distributions..............................................24 ARTICLE 7 REPORTS TO LIMITED PARTNERS Section 7.01. Reports.........................................................................24 ARTICLE 8 EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION Section 8.01. Exculpation and Indemnification.................................................25 ARTICLE 9 DURATION AND DISSOLUTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP Section 9.01. Duration........................................................................27 Section 9.02. Dissolution.....................................................................27 Section 9.03. Liquidation of Partnership......................................................28 Section 9.04. Distribution upon Dissolution of the Partnership................................28 Section 9.05. Resignation of Limited Partners.................................................29 ii ARTICLE 10 TRANSFERABILITY OF A LIMITED PARTNER'S INTEREST Section 10.01. Restrictions on Transfer of Limited Partner Interests..........................29 Section 10.02. Expenses of Transfer; Indemnification..........................................30 Section 10.03. Recognition of Transfer; Substituted Partners..................................31 ARTICLE 11 TRANSFERABILITY OF GENERAL PARTNER'S INTEREST Section 11.01. Transferability of General Partner's Interest..................................32 ARTICLE 12 MISCELLANEOUS Section 12.01. Entire Agreement; Amendments; Waivers; Termination.............................32 Section 12.02. Mergers and Consolidations.....................................................33 Section 12.03. Investment Representation......................................................33 Section 12.04. Successors; Counterparts.......................................................34 Section 12.05. Governing Law; Severability....................................................34 Section 12.06. Further Assurance..............................................................34 Section 12.07. Filings........................................................................34 Section 12.08. Power of Attorney..............................................................34 Section 12.09. No Bill for Partnership Accounting.............................................35 Section 12.10. Goodwill.......................................................................35 Section 12.11. Notices........................................................................35 Section 12.12. Arbitration....................................................................36 Section 12.13. Withholding....................................................................37 Section 12.14. Headings.......................................................................37 ARTICLE 13 CLAWBACK OBLIGATIONS Section 13.01. General Partner Clawback.......................................................37 Section 13.02. Guaranty.......................................................................37 Appendix A Definitions..................................................................A-1 Schedule I Initial Allocation of Carried Interest Points................................S-1 Schedule II Form of Award of Carried Interest Points.....................................S-2 Schedule III Capital Commitments..........................................................S-3 iii AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF GCP MANAGING PARTNER, L.P. (A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP FORMED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE) AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF GCP Managing Partner, L.P. dated as of March 31, 2004. WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as General Partner, and Robert H. Neihaus, as initial Limited Partner, heretofore entered into an Agreement of Limited Partnership dated as of March 31, 2004 (the "ORIGINAL AGREEMENT") and formed a limited partnership pursuant to the Delaware Act; WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to continue the limited partnership and to amend and restate the Original Agreement in its entirety. NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows: ARTICLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Section 1.01. Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein without definition have the meanings assigned to them in Appendix A hereto. Section 1.02. Name of the Partnership. The name of the Partnership is GCP Managing Partner, L.P. The business of the Partnership shall be conducted under such name or such other names (upon notice to all the Limited Partners) as the General Partner may from time to time determine. Section 1.03. Continuation of the Partnership. The General Partner and the Limited Partners hereby continue the Partnership as a limited partnership under and pursuant to the Delaware Act. Section 1.04. Purposes of the Partnership and Powers. The Partnership is formed for the object and purpose of, and the nature of the business to be conducted and promoted by the Partnership, is engaging in any lawful act or activity for which limited partnerships may be formed under the Delaware Act and engaging in any and all activities necessary or incidental to the foregoing. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the purpose of the Partnership is also to act as the general partner of Greenhill Capital Partners, L.P., Greenhill Capital Partners (Cayman), L.P., Greenhill Capital Partners (Executives), L.P., and Greenhill Capital, L.P. (the "FUNDS"). In furtherance of its purposes, (a) the Partnership shall have and may exercise all of the powers now or hereafter conferred by Delaware law on limited partnerships formed under the Delaware Act, including without limitation, all of the powers that may be exercised on behalf of the Partnership by any of its Partners and (b) the Partnership shall have the power to do any and all acts necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable, incidental or convenient to or for the protection and benefit of the Partnership. Section 1.05. Office; Registered Agent. (a) The Partnership's registered agent and office in the State of Delaware shall be The Corporation Trust Company, Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19801. (b) The business address of the Partnership shall be 300 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022, or (upon notice to all the Limited Partners) such other address as may be designated by the General Partner. Section 1.06. Title to Partnership Property. (a) All property of the Partnership, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible, shall be owned by the Partnership as an entity, and no Partner, individually, shall have any direct ownership interest in such property. Title to all such property shall be held in the name of the Partnership and all securities shall be registered in the name of the Partnership. (b) The Partnership shall, subject to the terms of this Agreement, be the exclusive beneficial holder of all securities and other property acquired in connection with any investment made by the Partnership and of any property transferred to the Partnership, and the Partnership shall make any such filings as may be required or desirable in connection therewith. (c) Any and all rights, including, without limitation, voting rights, rights to consent to, object to or grant waivers with respect to partnership, limited partnership and corporate action, rights to sell, transfer or encumber any securities or other property held by the Partnership and any rights arising out of or relating to any documents the Partnership is party to, including the right to consent to or object to any proposed amendment or modification thereof or waiver thereunder, shall be vested exclusively in the Partnership and shall be exercised only by the Partnership and no Partner either alone or acting with one or more other Partners shall have any such rights with respect to such securities or property. Section 1.07. Filing of Certificates. The General Partner is hereby authorized to execute, deliver and file, or to cause the execution, delivery and filing of, all certificates (and all amendments and/or restatements thereof) 2 required or permitted by the Delaware Act to be filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and any other certificates, notices, statements or other instruments (and any amendments or restatements thereof) necessary or advisable for the formation of the Partnership or the operation of the Partnership in all jurisdictions where the Partnership may elect to do business. Section 1.08. Admission of Limited Partners. Each of the Limited Partners whose names appear on Schedule I shall be admitted to the Partnership on the date hereof as a Limited Partner (and shall be shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership) upon the execution and delivery by (or, pursuant to a power-of-attorney, on behalf of) such Limited Partner and the General Partner of counterparts of this Agreement. Section 1.09. Subsequent Admission of Limited Partners. (a) At any time, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to admit additional Persons as Limited Partners; provided that no Person may be admitted to the Partnership if, as a result of such admission, the Partnership or any of the Funds would not be exempt from the provisions of the Investment Company Act. Such Person shall become a Limited Partner (and shall be shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership) upon execution and delivery by (or, pursuant to a power-of-attorney, on behalf of) such Person and the General Partner of counterparts of this Agreement. The admission of any additional Limited Partner to the Partnership pursuant to this Section 1.09 shall not require the approval of any Limited Partner existing immediately prior to such admission. (b) The Limited Partners shall share in distributions or items of income or gain of the Partnership attributable to any Fund Investment made prior to the date such Person becomes a Limited Partner to the extent set forth in Articles 3 and 6. (c) No additional Limited Partner shall be admitted to the Partnership if the admission of such Limited Partner would, in the judgment of the General Partner (i) jeopardize the status of the Partnership as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes, (ii) cause a dissolution of the Partnership under the Delaware Act, (iii) cause the Partnership's assets to be deemed "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, (iv) cause the Partnership to be an "investment company" within the meaning of the Investment Company Act (except for purposes of Section 12(d)(1) thereunder), (v) cause the Partnership to be in violation of the Advisers Act or (vi) violate, or cause the Partnership to violate, any applicable law or regulation, including any applicable federal or state securities laws. (d) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, each Partner hereby approves of any amendment of this Agreement and of the Certificate of Limited Partnership necessary to effect the admission of any Person as a Partner 3 pursuant to Section 1.08 or this Section 1.09 or Article 10. Any amendment to this Agreement permitted under this paragraph (d) may be executed by the General Partner on behalf of each other Partner pursuant to the Power of Attorney given by each other Partner to the General Partner pursuant to Section 12.08. ARTICLE 2 GOVERNANCE; MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF THE PARTNERSHIP Section 2.01. Management of the Partnership. The business and affairs of the Partnership shall be managed by and under the direction of the General Partner. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the General Partner shall have complete and exclusive discretion in the management and control of the affairs and business of the Partnership, and shall possess all powers necessary, convenient or appropriate to carrying out the purposes and business of the Partnership and to perform all acts and enter into and perform all contracts and other undertakings that it may deem necessary or advisable or incidental thereto, including doing all things and taking all actions necessary to carry out the terms and provisions of this Agreement (and is hereby authorized and directed, on behalf of the Partnership, to do all such things and to take all such actions without any further act, vote, consent or approval of any Partner). Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the General Partner may delegate such general or specific authority to officers, Limited Partners, employees or agents of the Partnership as the General Partner considers desirable from time to time, and such officers, Limited Partners, employees or agents of the Partnership may, subject to any restraints or limitations imposed by the General Partner, exercise the authority granted to them. Section 2.02. Powers of the General Partner. Without limiting the generality of the authority of the General Partner set forth in Section 2.01, the General Partner hereby is authorized and empowered in the name and on behalf of the Partnership and to the extent applicable and permitted under this Agreement and the Fund Partnership Agreements: (a) to serve as the general partner of the Funds; (b) to acquire and hold the Partnership's general partner interest in the Funds, and to sell, transfer, exchange, or otherwise dispose of such interests, and otherwise to exercise all rights, powers, privileges, options and other incidents of ownership or possession with respect to such interests or any other assets or property held or owned by the Partnership or the Funds; (c) to employ attorneys and accountants of the Partnership, which attorneys and accountants may also serve as counsel and auditors to the Funds or any of their respective Affiliates; 4 (d) to deposit the funds of the Partnership in the Partnership name in any bank or trust company and to entrust to any such bank or trust company any of the securities, monies, documents and papers belonging to or relating to the Partnership, or to deposit in and entrust to any brokerage firm that is a member of any national securities exchange any of said funds, securities, monies, documents and papers; (e) to set aside funds for reasonable reserves, reasonably anticipated contingencies and reasonable working capital in the Partnership and the Funds; (f) to make such elections under the Code and other relevant tax laws as to the treatment of items of Partnership income, gain, loss and deduction, and as to all other relevant matters, as the General Partner deems necessary, appropriate or advisable, including elections referred to in Section 754 of the Code, and a determination of which items of cash outlay are to be capitalized or treated as current expenses; (g) to sue, prosecute, settle or compromise all claims against third parties, to compromise, settle or accept judgment in respect of claims against the Partnership and to execute all documents and make all representations, admissions and waivers in connection therewith; (h) to enter into, make and perform all contracts, agreements, instruments and other undertakings as the General Partner may determine to be necessary, advisable or incidental to carrying out of the objects and purposes of the Partnership; (i) to cause the execution and delivery of such documents and performance of such acts consistent with the terms of this Agreement as may be necessary to comply with the requirements of law for the formation, qualification and operation of a limited partnership under the laws of each jurisdiction in which the General Partner determines it is necessary or advisable for the Partnership to conduct business; and (j) to do and perform everything that may be necessary, advisable, suitable or proper for the conduct of the Partnership's business for the carrying out of the purposes and objects hereinbefore enumerated, including the delegation to any Person or Persons of such functions and authorities as the General Partner may determine. Any Person not a party to this Agreement dealing with the Partnership shall be entitled to rely conclusively upon the power and authority of the General Partner to bind the Partnership in all respects, and to authorize the execution of any and all agreements, instruments and other writings on behalf of and in the name of the Partnership as and to the extent set forth in this Agreement. 5 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Partnership, and the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership, may execute, deliver and perform the Fund Partnership Agreements, subscription agreements with the limited partners of the Funds, the Management Agreement among Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC and each Fund, any agreements to induce a Person to purchase interests in the Funds, and any amendments to such documents, all without any further act, vote or approval of any Partner or other Person. The General Partner is hereby authorized to enter into and perform on behalf of the Partnership the documents described in the immediately preceding sentence, but such authorization shall not be deemed a restriction on the power of the General Partner to enter into other documents on behalf of the Partnership (subject to any other restrictions expressly set forth in this Agreement). Section 2.03. Investment Committee. (a) The General Partner will establish an Investment Committee to evaluate and discuss potential investments and to review the performance of existing investments of the Funds. (b) Each Limited Partner who is a member of the Investment Committee of the General Partner agrees, in consideration for sharing in the Carried Interest Points hereunder, to participate in meetings of the Investment Committee and, in connection with his role on the Investment Committee, to provide the Partnership with the benefit of his knowledge and judgment in the decision-making process with respect to the acquisition and disposition of Investments by the Funds. Each Limited Partner who is not a member of the Investment Committee agrees, at the request of the Investment Committee, to provide the Partnership with the benefit of his knowledge and judgment in order to assist the Investment Committee in its evaluation with respect to the acquisition and disposition of Investments. (c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the members of the Investment Committee shall not be deemed to be participating in the control of the business of the Partnership within the meaning of the Delaware Act as a result of any actions taken by the Investment Committee or any member of the Investment Committee. (d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, in no event shall a member of the Investment Committee be considered a general partner of the Partnership by agreement, estoppel, as a result of the performance of its duties, or otherwise. Section 2.04. Transactions with Affiliates. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Partnership is hereby authorized to purchase property, securities, options or other assets from, sell property, securities, options or other assets to, borrow funds from, or otherwise deal with, Greenhill, any Affiliate of Greenhill, any Person in which a Fund Investment has been or is proposed to be 6 made, any Person having an interest in such Fund Investment (or any underlying assets) or any Affiliate of any such Persons; provided that (i) any such dealing (A) shall be on terms no less favorable to the Partnership than would be available from unaffiliated Persons and (B) shall not otherwise be in violation of this Agreement. In connection with any services performed by any Affiliate of Greenhill for the Partnership, such Affiliate shall be entitled to be compensated by the Partnership for such services to the extent such compensation is a Partnership Expense, and the amount of such compensation shall be determined by the General Partner in its discretion; provided that such compensation at any time shall not exceed the amount such Affiliate would customarily receive from third parties as compensation at such time for the performance of similar services. Each Limited Partner acknowledges and agrees that the purchase or sale of property or other assets, the performance of services, other dealings or the receipt of compensation may give rise to conflicts of interest between the Partnership and the Limited Partners, on the one hand, and Greenhill or any Affiliate of Greenhill, on the other hand. Section 2.05. Other Activities. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to prohibit or otherwise limit any Partner (or Affiliate thereof) from entering into transactions with the Partnership, making investments in Persons or assets in which Fund Investments have been or are proposed to be made, in Persons having an interest in such Fund Investments (or any underlying assets) or in any Affiliates of any such Persons or providing financing to any such Person. Section 2.06. Books and Records; Accounting Method; Fiscal Year. (a) The Partnership shall keep or cause to be kept at the address of the Partnership (or at such other place as shall be notified to the Limited Partners in writing) full and accurate books and records of the Partnership. Each Limited Partner shall be shown as a Limited Partner on such books and records. Subject to Sections 2.06(b) and 3.06, such books and records shall be available, upon 10 Business Days' notice to the General Partner, for inspection at the offices of the Partnership at reasonable times during business hours on any Business Day by each Limited Partner or his duly authorized agents or representatives for a purpose reasonably related to such Limited Partner's interest as a Limited Partner. (b) Each Limited Partner agrees that (i) the books and records of the Partnership contain confidential information relating to the Partnership and its affairs and (ii) except for information otherwise required to be provided or made available to Limited Partners pursuant to this Agreement, the General Partner may, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, keep confidential from the Limited Partners any information (excluding any financial statements of the Partnership and underlying documentation supporting such financial statements) the disclosure of which the General Partner reasonably believes is adverse to the interests of the Partnership (including information relating to any Fund Investment or underlying assets or any Person that is, directly or indirectly, the 7 subject of any Fund Investment) or which the Partnership, Greenhill or the General Partner is required by law, agreement or otherwise to keep confidential. (c) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Partnership's books of account shall be kept on the same basis followed by the Partnership for federal income tax purposes. Section 2.07. Partnership for Tax Purposes; Partnership Tax Returns. (a) The Partners agree that it is their intention that the Partnership shall be treated as a partnership for purposes of United States federal, state and local income tax laws, and further agree not to take any position or make any election, in a tax return or otherwise, inconsistent therewith. In furtherance of the foregoing, the Partnership will file an information return as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes. If a change in applicable law (including a revenue ruling, revenue procedure or other administrative pronouncement) would cause the Partnership not to be treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes, the Partners shall endeavor in good faith to reach an agreement on restructuring the Partnership so that it will be so treated (which may, subject to the following proviso, entail a merger of the Partnership into an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes); provided that no Limited Partner shall be required to agree to any restructuring that it reasonably determines would have an adverse effect on the assets, properties, business or condition, or otherwise would be adverse to the interests of or cause the incurrence of any material expenditure by, such Limited Partner or any Affiliate of such Limited Partner. (b) The General Partner shall cause to be prepared and timely filed all tax returns required to be filed for the Partnership. Subject to paragraph (a) above, the General Partner may, in its discretion, make, or refrain from making, any federal, state or local income or other tax elections for the Partnership that it deems necessary or advisable, including an election pursuant to Code Section 754. (c) The General Partner is hereby designated as the Partnership's "TAX MATTERS PARTNER" under Code Section 6231(a)(7). The Tax Matters Partner is specifically directed and authorized to take whatever steps the General Partner, in its discretion, deems necessary or desirable to perfect such designation, including filing any forms or documents with the Internal Revenue Service and taking such other action as may from time to time be required under Treasury regulations. Expenses incurred by the Tax Matters Partner, in its capacity as such, will be Partnership Expenses. Any Limited Partner shall have the right to participate in any administrative proceedings relating to the determination of Partnership items at the Partnership level. Each Limited Partner that elects to participate in such proceedings shall be responsible for any expenses incurred by such Limited Partner in connection with such participation. Further, a Limited Partner shall notify the Tax Matters Partner in a timely manner of its intention to: (i) file a 8 notice of inconsistent treatment under Code Section 6222(b); (ii) file a request for administrative adjustment of Partnership items; (iii) file a petition with respect to any Partnership item or other tax matters involving the Partnership or (iv) enter into a settlement agreement with the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to any Partnership items. Upon any such notification, the Tax Matters Partner may, if it agrees with the Limited Partner's position, elect (at its discretion) to make such filing or enter into such agreement, as applicable and practicable, on behalf of the Partnership. The expenses in connection with any resulting audits or adjustments of a Limited Partner's tax return shall be borne solely by the affected Limited Partner. (d) The General Partner may, in its discretion, take appropriate steps on behalf of the Partnership that it deems necessary or advisable to comply with the laws of non-U.S. jurisdictions. Section 2.08. Confidentiality. (a) Each Limited Partner agrees to keep confidential, and not to make any use of (other than for purposes reasonably related to his interest in the Partnership or for purposes of filing such Limited Partner's tax returns or for other routine matters required by law) nor to disclose to any Person (other than to appropriate employees of Greenhill or its Affiliates associated with the business of the Partnership), any Proprietary Information or any other information or matter relating to the Partnership or any Fund and its respective affairs or to any Partnership or Fund Investment (other than disclosure to employees, agents, advisors, or representatives of the Partnership responsible for matters relating to the Partnership (each such Person being hereinafter referred to as an "AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE")); provided that such Limited Partner and such Authorized Representatives may make such disclosure to the extent that (i) the information being disclosed is publicly known at the time of proposed disclosure by such Limited Partner or Authorized Representative, (ii) the information subsequently becomes publicly known through no act or omission of such Limited Partner or Authorized Representative, (iii) such disclosure, in the written opinion of legal counsel of such Limited Partner reasonably acceptable to the General Partner, is required by law or regulation or by any regulatory authority or self-regulatory organization having jurisdiction over such Limited Partner or (iv) such disclosure is approved in advance by the General Partner. Prior to making any disclosure required by law, regulation, regulatory authority or self-regulatory organization, each Limited Partner shall notify the General Partner of such disclosure and deliver to the General Partner the opinion referred to above. Prior to any disclosure to any Authorized Representative, each Limited Partner shall advise such Authorized Representative of the obligations set forth in this Section 2.08(a) and obtain the agreement of such Person to be bound by the terms of such obligation. (b) The obligations of each Limited Partner under this Section 2.08 shall survive for a period of five years after the date such Limited Partner ceases to be a 9 Limited Partner. If the Partnership is dissolved, the obligation of each Limited Partner under this Section 2.08 who is a Limited Partner at the time of such dissolution shall survive for a period of five years thereafter. (c) Each party acknowledges and agrees that the covenants contained in this Section 2.08 have been negotiated in good faith by the parties hereto, are reasonable and are not more restrictive or broader than are necessary to protect the interests of the Limited Partners and the Partnership, and would not achieve their intended purpose if they were on different terms or for periods of time shorter than the periods of time provided herein. Each party further acknowledges and agrees that the business of the Partnership and the Funds is highly competitive, that no party hereto would enter into this Agreement but for the covenants contained in this Section 2.08 and that such covenants are essential to protect the value of the business of the Partnership and the Funds. Section 2.09. Investment of Funds. Cash held by the Partnership, including all amounts being held by the Partnership for future investment in Fund Investments, payment of expenses or distributions to Limited Partners may be invested in such instruments as the General Partner, or any Person which it has retained to manage such cash, in its discretion deems appropriate. Section 2.10. Other Authority. The General Partner agrees to use its best efforts to operate the Partnership in such a way that (i) the Partnership would be exempt from the provisions of the Investment Company Act, (ii) none of the Partnership's assets would be deemed to be "plan assets" for purposes of Section 4975 of the Code or ERISA, (iii) the Partnership would be in compliance with the Advisers Act, and (iv) the Partnership would be in compliance with any other material law, regulation, order or guideline applicable to the Partnership. The General Partner is hereby authorized to take any action it has determined in good faith to be necessary or desirable in order for (i) the Partnership's assets not to be "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, (ii) the Partnership to be exempt from the provisions of the Investment Company Act, (iii) the Partnership not to be in violation of the Advisers Act and (iv) the Partnership not to be in violation of any other material law, regulation, order or guideline applicable to the Partnership, including, in each case, (x) making any structural, operating or other changes in the Partnership by amending this Agreement, (y) requiring the sale in whole or in part of a Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership with respect to or as a result of whom such violation arose, or otherwise causing the withdrawal of such Limited Partner from the Partnership or (z) dissolving the Partnership. Any action taken by the General Partner pursuant to Section 2.10 shall not require the approval of any Limited Partner. 10 ARTICLE 3 CARRIED INTEREST POINTS; CERTAIN OTHER MATTERS Section 3.01. General Provisions. (a) The General Partner shall be solely responsible for making all determinations as to the Carried Interest Points in accordance with this Article 3, at such times and in such amounts as it shall deem advisable. (b) Neither the General Partner nor any of its Affiliates shall be liable to the Partnership or the Limited Partners for anything whatsoever in connection with this Agreement except for the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the General Partner or its Affiliates. In the performance of their functions with respect to this Agreement, the General Partner and its Affiliates shall be entitled to rely upon information and advice furnished by officers, accountants or legal counsel of Greenhill or its Affiliates, or by any other party the General Partner deems necessary or appropriate as to matters the General Partner reasonably believes are within such other person's professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Partnership, and the General Partner and its Affiliates shall not be liable to the Partnership or the Limited Partners for any action taken or not taken in good faith reliance upon any such advice. The General Partner may delegate such of its responsibilities hereunder as the General Partner deems appropriate to one or more officers or directors of Greenhill or its Affiliates and in performing such delegated responsibilities, such persons shall have the benefit of all the protections afforded the General Partner under this Agreement. Section 3.02. Assignment of Carried Interest Points. (a) On or prior to January 1 of each fiscal year, commencing in 2004, or as soon as practicable thereafter (the "ANNUAL ALLOCATION DATE"), the General Partner shall assign each Partner (including the General Partner) a number (which may include fractional numbers) of carried interest points (the "CARRIED INTEREST POINTS") for all Fund Investments made by all Funds during the fiscal year commencing on such January 1 (the "CARRIED INTEREST ANNUAL POOL"). The aggregate number of Carried Interest Points for any Fund Investment shall be 200, and the amount of the Carried Interest with respect to each Fund Investment for such fiscal year allocated to a Partner shall be calculated by multiplying the Carried Interest by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of points so assigned and the denominator of which shall be 200. Each Carry Participating Partner's share of the Carried Interest for any Fund Investment is referred to herein as his "CARRIED INTEREST SHARE". With respect to each Fund Investment made during the 2004 fiscal year and with respect to Partners who have been admitted as such on the date of this Agreement, the Carried Interest Points shall be set forth in Schedule I to this Agreement with respect to such Partner (the "ALLOCATION SCHEDULE"), which shall be maintained by the General Partner and the Partnership and updated to reflect any changes in the allocation of Carried Interest Points. The General 11 Partner shall advise each Partner of such Partner's Carried Interest Points in effect at any time, and the General Partner may, in its discretion, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, decline to disclose such Carried Interest Points to any other Person. With respect to each Fund Investment made during any fiscal year, the Carried Interest Points (as determined in accordance with this Section 3.02(a) or adjusted in accordance with this Article 3) of each Partner having an interest in such Fund Investment shall be set forth in the Allocation Schedule. Except as otherwise provided in this Article 3, such Carried Interest Points shall not be changed after they are determined in accordance with this Section 3.02(a). (b) The General Partner may award Carried Interest Points to newly admitted Partners and may award additional Carried Interest Points to existing Partners at any time during the course of a fiscal year. In making such award the General Partner may, in its discretion, determine whether the Carried Interest Points assigned to such Person shall be calculated as if such Person was admitted as a Partner on the date such award was determined or any other date or in any other manner that the General Partner in its discretion shall determine is appropriate in light of the circumstances giving rise to such determination. Such awards shall be made either from Reserved Carried Interest Points, from Reallocated Carried Interest Points, from Forfeited Carried Interest Points or through a reallocation of Carried Interest Points as provided in Section 3.03. (c) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the General Partner may, in its discretion, elect to reserve a portion of the Carried Interest Points for allocation at any time during the period ending on January 31 of the fiscal year next succeeding the fiscal year for which an allocation of Carried Interest Points has been made to any Partner (the "RESERVED CARRIED INTEREST POINTS"). During any fiscal year, all Reserved Carried Interest Points with respect to the Fund Investments made during such fiscal year shall be initially allocated to the General Partner. From time to time during each fiscal year, the General Partner will assign such Reserved Carried Interest Points to Partners, pursuant to an Assignment of Carried Interest Points as provided in Schedule II (either for an annual basis or an investment by investment basis) and the Allocation Schedule shall be revised accordingly to reflect such award. If the Reserved Carried Interest Points have not been so allocated by January 31 of the next succeeding fiscal year, they shall be allocated pro rata among the Partners based on each Partner's Carried Interest Share in the relevant Fund Investments. (d) If any Carried Interest Points awarded to any Partner are later surrendered or forfeited by such Partner or otherwise reduced in accordance with this Article 3, such surrendered, forfeited or reduced Carried Interest Points shall, unless otherwise determined by the General Partner in its discretion, be reallocated to the other Partners on a pro rata basis in accordance with their Carried Interest Share in the relevant Fund Investments. 12 Section 3.03. Pro Rata Dilution. Initially, the Carried Interest Points for the Carried Interest Annual Pool for 2004 will be allocated as set forth in Schedule I. If an additional Partner admitted to the Partnership following the award of Carried Interest Points in any fiscal year or any other Partner receives a Carried Interest Point award which the General Partner determines is not to come from Reserved Carried Interest Points, from Reallocated Carried Interest Points or from Forfeited Carried Interest Points, the number of Carried Interest Points of the Partners will be reduced on a pro rata basis by the number of Carried Interest Points so awarded unless otherwise determined by the General Partner. Section 3.04. No Right to Awards or Continued Employment. No Partner shall have any claim or right to receive any award of Carried Interest Points hereunder. Neither this Agreement nor any action taken or omitted to be taken hereunder shall be deemed to create or confer on any Partner any right (i) to be retained in the employ of Greenhill or the Partnership or any Affiliate thereof or (ii) to interfere with or to limit in any way the right of Greenhill or the Partnership or any Affiliate thereof to terminate the employment of such Partner at any time or to transfer his or her employment within Greenhill or the Partnership or any Affiliate thereof to other activities from time to time. Section 3.05. Effect of Termination of Employment. (a) A Limited Partner whose employment with the General Partner and Greenhill terminates for any reason shall automatically (without any action being required on the part of the Partnership or any Limited Partner) and immediately become a "SPECIAL LIMITED PARTNER". Upon becoming a Special Limited Partner, (i) such Limited Partner shall no longer receive any new awards of Carried Interest Points with respect to any Fund Investments and (ii) such Limited Partner's Carried Interest Points theretofore awarded may be reduced, eliminated or forfeited in accordance with this Section 3.05. Upon the complete liquidation of all Fund Investments in which a Special Limited Partner is a participant, such Special Limited Partner (i) shall cease to be a Partner of the Partnership and (ii) shall not be entitled to any further distributions of Carried Interest under this Agreement. (b) With respect to any Limited Partner who becomes a Special Limited Partner and any Fund Investment in which such Limited Partner has an interest prior to becoming a Special Limited Partner, such Limited Partner shall continue to hold his or her Carried Interest Points theretofore awarded with respect to such Fund Investment and shall be entitled to such Limited Partner's Carried Interest Share of such Fund Investment without reduction if such Limited Partner becomes a Special Limited Partner as a result of (i) termination of employment due to permanent disability (as determined by the General Partner and Greenhill), (ii) subject to Section 3.06(a), termination of employment due to death or (iii) any other exception determined by the General Partner. 13 (c) With respect to any Limited Partner who becomes a Special Limited Partner as a result of the termination of employment for any reason other than those specified in Section 3.05(b)or 3.05(d), and any Fund Investment in which such Limited Partner has an interest prior to becoming a Special Limited Partner, such Limited Partner's Carried Interest Share of such Fund Investment shall be vested and become non-forfeitable in accordance with this Section 3.05(c). All Persons who become Special Limited Partners as a result of termination of employment for any reason other than those specified in or 3.05(d) (a "FORFEITURE EVENT") will be vested with respect to 33 1/3% of their Carried Interest Share attributable to a Fund Investment made in any given fiscal year on January 1 of the year following the year such Fund Investment was made; will be vested with respect to 66 2/3% of their Carried Interest Share attributable to such Fund Investment on January 1 of the second year following the year such Fund Investment was made; and will be fully vested with respect to their Carried Interest Share attributable to such Fund Investment on January 1 of the third year following the year such Fund Investment was made; provided that a Limited Partner will be vested with respect to 100% of his Carried Interest Share attributable to a Fund Investment which is realized prior to the date on which he becomes a Special Limited Partner; and provided further that, on and after January 1, 2003, a Limited Partner who has held the position of Principal or any higher executive office of the General Partner or Greenhill & Co., LLC continuously from June 1, 2000 through January 1, 2003 will be fully vested with respect to 100% of his Carried Interest Share attributable to all Fund Investments made prior to the date on which he becomes a Special Limited Partner. Limited Partners shall be "PARTIALLY REDUCED PARTNERS" with respect to the unvested portion of their Carried Interest Share forfeited in accordance with this Section 3.05(c). The unvested portion of the Carried Interest Share of each Special Limited Partner shall be forfeited on the date of termination of employment and shall be reallocated as provided in Section 3.02(d). The number of Carried Interest Points so forfeited, derived by application of the foregoing percentages to such Carry Participating Partner's Carried Interest Points in a Carried Interest Annual Pool, is hereinafter referred to as the "FORFEITED CARRIED INTEREST POINTS", and the vested number of Carried Interest Points at such time, derived by application of the foregoing percentages to such Carry Participating Partner's Carried Interest Points in such Carried Interest Annual Pool, is hereinafter referred to as the "VESTED CARRIED INTEREST POINTS". (d) With respect to any Limited Partner who becomes a Special Limited Partner and any Fund Investment in which such Limited Partner has an interest prior to becoming a Special Limited Partner, if such Limited Partner becomes a Special Limited Partner as a result of an Elimination Event (a "FULLY REDUCED PARTNER"), such Limited Partner's Carried Interest Points with respect to such Fund Investment and any Proceeds with respect to such Fund Investment that otherwise has been or could be allocated to such Limited Partner at any time after 14 such Limited Partner becomes a Special Limited Partner shall be forfeited and shall be reallocated to other Limited Partners as provided in Section 3.02(d). For purposes of this Agreement, the term "ELIMINATION EVENT" means, with respect to any Limited Partner at any time, (i) the termination of such Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill for Cause (or the termination of such Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill for any reason and, following such termination, the General Partner or Greenhill determines that circumstances existed during such Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill which would have entitled the General Partner or Greenhill to terminate such Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill for Cause), (ii) the termination of such Limited Partner's employment due to resignation with less than 30 days' notice, (iii) the termination of such Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill for any reason and, within 180 days of such termination (or during the 180 days preceding such termination), such Limited Partner attempts or attempted to hire a person who is or was an employee of the General Partner or Greenhill, (iv) the termination of such Limited Partner's employment with the General Partner or Greenhill for any reason and, within 180 days of such termination, the Limited Partner solicits business of a customer or client of the General Partner or Greenhill or (v) the termination of such Limited Partner due to disclosure by such Limited Partner (or in the event of termination of employment by reason of death, by such Special Limited Partner's estate or any designated beneficiary or heir or personal representative that became a Special Limited Partner) of any Proprietary Information, without the consent of the General Partner or Greenhill or otherwise in contravention of Section 2.08, to any unauthorized Person or the use of Proprietary Information by such Limited Partner (or in the event of termination of employment by reason of death, by such Special Limited Partner's estate or any designated beneficiary or heir or personal representative that became a Special Limited Partner) other than in connection with the Partnership's or Greenhill's business where such disclosure or use may be adverse to the financial interests of the Partnership or Greenhill or their respective Affiliates (as determined by the General Partner in its discretion). Section 3.06. Other Provisions Relating to Special Limited Partners. (a) In the event of the death of a Limited Partner, such Limited Partner shall cease to be a Partner of the Partnership and the Partnership shall furnish to such Limited Partner's estate or designated beneficiary such information relating to the Partnership's affairs and Fund Investments as such estate's executor or such designated beneficiary shall reasonably request in order to enable such estate or designated beneficiary to prepare and file tax returns and conduct audits or other proceedings relating to such tax returns; provided that such estate and its executor and any designated beneficiary shall have executed an instrument reasonably satisfactory to the General Partner agreeing to be bound by the confidentiality obligations set forth in Section 2.08 with respect to all information so furnished. 15 Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the estate or designated beneficiary shall automatically be admitted to the Partnership as a Special Limited Partner and shall receive allocations and distributions to the extent and in the manner provided for in this Agreement with respect to such deceased Limited Partner. (b) If, at any time during the term of the Partnership, the General Partner determines in good faith that any further participation by a Special Limited Partner in the Partnership's affairs would be detrimental to any Portfolio Company, the Partnership, the other Limited Partners, Greenhill, any Fund, any Investor or any of their respective Affiliates, then, to the extent determined appropriate by the General Partner in its discretion and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, such Special Limited Partner shall cease to have the right to obtain information regarding the Partnership and its affairs or regarding any Partnership or any Fund Investment (other than any financial statements of the Partnership and underlying documentation supporting such financial statements). (c) A Special Limited Partner shall not be entitled to vote, except for purposes of clause (x) of Section 12.01(b)(ii), except as required by applicable law and except where a Special Limited Partner's interests in Fund Investments existing at the time any vote or approval of the Limited Partners is required pursuant to Article 2 or 12.01 or any other provision of this Agreement shall be materially adversely affected by such vote or approval in a way that is different from the effect of such vote or approval on any other Limited Partners. To the extent such Special Limited Partner is not entitled to vote, such Special Limited Partner's economic interest, if any, shall be disregarded in connection with any such vote or approval and such Special Limited Partner's Carried Interest Points shall be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction representing the specified percentage of Carried Interest Points required for the consent or approval of Partners under this Agreement. ARTICLE 4 EXPENSES Section 4.01. Definition of Expenses. "PARTNERSHIP EXPENSES" means (i) all expenses or obligations incurred by or on behalf of the Partnership that are directly attributable to any Fund Investment including any Indemnification Obligation with respect to a Fund Investment (an "INVESTMENT EXPENSE") and (ii) all General Expenses. "GENERAL EXPENSES" means any expenses incurred by the Partnership other than Investment Expenses, Carry Expenses or Indemnification Obligations including, without limitation: (a) all costs and expenses of organizing the 16 Partnership; and (b) all routine administrative expenses of the Partnership, including salaries and employee benefit expenses of employees, consultants and independent contractors of the Partnership, fees and expenses associated with the maintenance of books and records of the Partnership, the employment or retention by the Partnership with respect to routine matters of accountants, attorneys and other professionals, and the preparation and dispatch to the Limited Partners of checks, financial reports and notices required by this Agreement. Section 4.02. Responsibility for Partnership Expenses among the Partners. The Partners agree that, as among themselves, Partnership Expenses shall be borne by the Partners as follows: (a) any Investment Expense shall be borne only by those Partners who are Carry Participating Partners with respect to such Fund Investment, pro rata in proportion to their respective Carried Interest Share in such Fund Investment at such time; and (b) any General Expense or Indemnification Obligation not directly attributable to any Fund Investment shall be borne by all Partners, pro rata in proportion to their respective Capital Account balances at such time; provided that, if the General Partner determines in its discretion that any Partnership Expense is an Indemnification Obligation directly attributable to the acts or conduct of one or more Partners, but not directly attributable to all Partners as a group, the General Partner may determine that all or a portion of such Partnership Expense shall be borne by only those Partners to whom such Partnership Expense is directly attributable, pro rata in proportion to the respective Carried Interest Share of those Partners who are required to bear such Partnership Expense pursuant to this proviso. ARTICLE 5 CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CLAWBACK OBLIGATIONS Section 5.01. Capital Contributions. The Partners listed in Schedule III (the "CONTRIBUTING PARTNERS") shall be obligated to make contributions to the Partnership ("CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS") in an aggregate amount not to exceed their respective Capital Commitments. Except as provided in Section 5.03 or as required by the Delaware Act, the Partners shall have no obligation to make any other contributions to the capital of the Partnership, whether to fund Fund Investments, to fund Partnership Expenses or for any other reason. Section 5.02. Payment of Capital Contributions. All Capital Contributions shall be paid to the Partnership in immediately available funds in 17 United States dollars by 11:00 A.M. (New York City time) on the date and to the account specified by the General Partner. Capital Contributions may include amounts that the General Partner determines in its discretion are necessary or desirable to establish reserves in respect of Partnership Expenses or the Partnership's obligation to make its capital contribution to the Funds. ARTICLE 6 CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; ALLOCATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS Section 6.01. Principles of Distributions Attributable to Invested Capital. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all Proceeds received by the Partnership, including Proceeds in respect of the Partnership's capital contributions as general partner of the Funds, but excluding Proceeds referred to in Section 6.02, shall be distributed as follows: Proceeds that are cash or readily-marketable securities received from the Funds shall be distributed or paid promptly after the receipt thereof, and in the case of other types of Proceeds at such time as the General Partner shall determine in its discretion. With respect to any Proceeds referred to in this paragraph, the General Partner shall, at the time of distribution, determine each Contributing Partner's Investment Percentage of such Proceeds and make distributions of such amounts to the Contributing Partners. Section 6.02. Principles of Distributions Attributable to Carried Interest. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Proceeds from any Fund Investment representing Carried Interest from any Fund Investment shall be distributed at such time as the General Partner shall determine in its discretion. With respect to the distribution of any Proceeds representing any Carried Interest Share ("CARRIED INTEREST DISTRIBUTIONS"), at least 40% of a Carry Participating Partner's (other than a Partially Reduced Partner's) Participation Percentage of such Proceeds shall be distributed to such Carry Participating Partner and up to 60% of such Carry Participating Partner's Participation Percentage of such Proceeds shall be retained by the Partnership in a segregated account (the "SEGREGATED ACCOUNT") established for such Carry Participating Partner pursuant to Section 6.07, in each case as the General Partner determines in its discretion. (b) If, at the time of distribution of any Proceeds representing the Carried Interest Share, a Carry Participating Partner is a Partially Reduced Partner as a result of a Forfeiture Event, the General Partner shall determine the aggregate amount of Proceeds previously distributed to such Carry Participating Partner with respect to all Fund Investments in which such Carry Participating Partner participates, and such Carry Participating Partner's Participation Percentage (determined without giving effect to such Forfeiture Event) of such Proceeds shall be applied in the following manner (in lieu of Section 6.02(a)): 18 (x) the portion of such Proceeds attributable to at least 40% of such Partially Reduced Partner's Carry Vested Percentage of its Carried Interest Share shall be distributed to such Partially Reduced Partner and the portion of such Proceeds attributable to up to 60% of such Partially Reduced Partner's Carry Vested Percentage of its Carried Interest Share shall be retained by the Partnership in such Partially Reduced Partner's Segregated Account, and (y) the portion of such Proceeds attributable to such Partially Reduced Partner's Carry Forfeited Percentage of such Carried Interest Share shall be allocated to the other Partners who are entitled to such forfeited portion of the Carried Interest Share (each, a "FORFEITED INTEREST PARTNER"), pro rata in proportion to their respective increases or newly allocated Carried Interest Shares. Section 6.03. Other Provisions Relating to Distributions. (a) All cash distributions shall be made in immediately available funds in U.S. Dollars, except to the extent that distributions in U.S. dollars would be illegal under applicable law, in which case, to such extent, distributions shall be made in the currency in which cash is received by the Partnership. (b) Any securities or other property constituting all or any portion of a Fund Investment may be distributed in kind at such time and in such amounts as the General Partner shall, in its discretion, determine. In the event of any such distribution in kind, the General Partner shall, depending on whether such distribution constitutes a distribution of Proceeds constituting the Carried Interest Share, (i) distribute to the applicable Contributing Partners or Carry Interest Partner securities or other property of the same type and (ii) if cash and securities or other property in kind are to be distributed simultaneously, distribute cash and securities or such property in kind to each such Contributing Partner or Carry Interest Partner in the same proportions to such Contributing Partners or Carry Interest Partners; provided that the General Partner, in its discretion, may allow each such Contributing Partner or Carry Interest Partner to elect whether to receive a distribution in kind or in cash. The General Partner shall determine, in its discretion, the fair value of the securities or other property to be distributed in kind on a date as near as reasonably practicable to the date of such distribution, and, in the case of securities denominated in a currency other than U.S. Dollars, shall determine the U.S. Dollar equivalent of such fair value based on the applicable exchange rate in effect on the valuation date. (c) In connection with any distribution of cash, securities or other property received by the Partnership, the General Partner may, in its discretion, 19 set off against, or withhold from, the amount distributable to any Limited Partner with respect to such Fund Investment the following amounts: (i) such Limited Partner's share of any Partnership Expense or any other amount due from such Limited Partner to the Partnership; and (ii) any amounts required to pay, or to reimburse (on a net after-tax basis) any Indemnified Person for the payment of, any taxes and related expenses that the General Partner in good faith determines to be properly attributable to such Limited Partner (including, without limitation, withholding taxes and interest, penalties and expenses incurred in respect thereof). Any amounts so set off or withheld pursuant to this Section 6.03 shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as if actually distributed to such Limited Partner and shall be applied by the General Partner to discharge the obligation in respect of which such amounts were withheld. (d) The General Partner shall have the right, in its discretion, to withhold amounts otherwise distributable by the Partnership to a Limited Partner in order to make such provision as the General Partner, in its discretion, deems necessary or advisable for the payment of such Limited Partner's share of any future Partnership Expense if the nature and amount of such Partnership Expense is known or reasonably anticipated at the time of distribution. (e) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Partnership shall not make any distributions pursuant to this Agreement except to the extent permitted by the Delaware Act. Section 6.04. Capital Accounts; Adjustments to Capital Accounts. (a) There shall be established for each Partner, on the books and records of the Partnership, a capital account (a "CAPITAL ACCOUNT"). Each Partner's Capital Account shall initially be zero and shall be adjusted as set forth in this Section 6.04. (b) The Capital Account of each Partner shall be adjusted as follows: (i) Cash Contributions. The amount of cash contributed to the Partnership by such Partner shall be credited to the Capital Account of such Partner. (ii) Distributions. The amount of cash (or the value of other property distributed in kind as determined in accordance with Section 6.03) distributed by the Partnership to any Partner shall be debited against the Capital Account of such Partner. 20 (iii) Income, Profit or Gain. The amount of any allocation of income, profit or gain made by the Partnership to any Partner shall be credited to the Capital Account of such Partner. (iv) Expense, Deduction or Loss. The amount of any allocation of expense, deduction or loss made by the Partnership to any Partner shall be debited against the Capital Account of such Partner. (c) The Partnership's items of income, gain, loss, deduction and expense shall be allocated to the Capital Accounts as follows: (i) Allocation of Partnership Expenses. The amount of any Partnership Expense shall be allocated among the Partners in accordance with Section 4.02. (ii) Allocation of Interest Income and Expense. The amount of any interest earned on any Partner's Capital Contribution or on any Partner's Segregated Account shall be allocated to the Capital Account of such Partner. (iii) Allocation of a Carry Participating Partner's Carry Income, Gains and Losses. All income and gains representing the Carried Interest shall be allocated among the Carry Participating Partners in a manner consistent with the corresponding distributions made or to be made pursuant to Section 6.02. All losses with respect to a Carried Interest Annual Pool shall be allocated among the Carry Participating Partners in a manner consistent with Section 6.07(c). (iv) Residual Allocations. The Partnership's remaining net income or net loss (after giving effect to clauses (i) through (v) of this Section 6.04(c)) for any fiscal period and each item of income, gain, loss, deduction or expense shall be allocated among the Partners in a manner consistent with the corresponding distributions made or to be made pursuant to Sections 6.01, 6.02 and 9.04. Section 6.05. Tax Allocations. (a) For federal, state and local income tax purposes, each item of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the Partnership shall be allocated among the Partners as nearly as possible in the same manner as the corresponding item of income, expense, gain or loss is allocated pursuant to the other provisions of this Article 6. It is intended that the Capital Accounts will be maintained at all times in accordance with Section 704 of the Code and applicable Treasury regulations thereunder, and that the provisions hereof relating to the Capital Accounts be interpreted in a manner consistent therewith. The General Partner shall be authorized by this Section 6.05 to make appropriate adjustments to the allocations of items pursuant to this Article 6 if necessary in 21 order to comply with Section 704 of the Code or applicable Treasury regulations thereunder; provided that no such change shall have an adverse effect upon the amount distributable to any Partner hereunder. (b) Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Article 6, if any Partner has a deficit Capital Account for any fiscal period as a result of any adjustment, allocation or distribution of the type described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4)-(6), then the Partnership's income and gain will be specially allocated to such Partner in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d). Section 6.06. Foreign Currency Considerations. (a) At the time any cash is received in a currency other than U.S. Dollars for payment (as distributions or otherwise) to Partners: (i) if such cash is to be paid (as a distribution or otherwise) in U.S. Dollars, the General Partner shall effect the conversion of such cash into U.S. Dollars, at the exchange rate determined by the General Partner, as soon as practicable after such cash is received; and (ii) if, pursuant to Section 6.03(a), such cash is to be paid in the currency in which it is received, the General Partner shall determine the U.S. Dollar equivalent of such cash, based upon the applicable exchange rate in effect on the date such cash is received, for purposes of this Article 6. (b) Currency translations in connection with the valuation of non-cash property that is to be distributed in kind shall be made in the manner set forth in Section 6.03(b) for purposes of this Article 6. Section 6.07. Segregated Accounts; Netting of Carried Interest Shares; Distributions from Segregated Accounts. (a) There shall be established, for each Carry Participating Partner, a Segregated Account, which shall consist of one gain sub-account (a "GAIN ACCOUNT") and one loss sub-account (a "LOSS ACCOUNT"). At any time, (i) the balance in any Carry Participating Partner's Gain Account shall be such Carry Participating Partner's "GAIN AMOUNT" and (ii) the balance in any Carry Participating Partner's Loss Account shall be such Carry Participating Partner's "LOSS AMOUNT". Each Carry Participating Partner shall be entitled to receive, with respect to funds held in such Carry Participating Partner's Segregated Account, income from the temporary investment of such funds for the period such funds are held by the Partnership until such time such funds are distributed pursuant to this Section 6.07. 22 (b) The Gain Account of each Carry Participating Partner for any Carried Interest Annual Pool shall initially be zero and thereafter be adjusted as follows: (i) increased by an amount equal to the amount distributed to such Carry Participating Partner but retained by the Partnership in the Segregated Account of such Carry Participating Partner pursuant to Sections 6.02(a) and 6.02(b); and (ii) decreased by any amount distributed in accordance with Section 6.07(e). (c) The Loss Account of each Carry Participating Partner for any Carried Interest Annual Pool shall initially be zero and thereafter be adjusted as follows: (i) increased by an amount equal to 100% of such Carry Participating Partner's Participation Percentage of the Notional Loss Amount (as determined by the General Partner pursuant to Section 6.07(d) from any Fund Investment); and (ii) decreased by any amount distributed in accordance with Section 6.07(e). (d) Upon the determination of the General Partner to write down or write off the value of any Fund Investment or the realization of any Fund Investment at a loss, the General Partner shall determine, for each Carry Participating Partner, a "NOTIONAL LOSS AMOUNT" related to such Fund Investment, using the methodology applicable to the determination of Carried Interest set forth in the applicable Fund Partnership Agreement and the Participation Percentage of such Carry Participating Partner. (e) At the time of each subsequent disposition of Fund Investment that would have resulted in a Carried Interest if determined without regard to any other Fund Investment, the General Partner shall determine, for each Carry Participating Partner, (i) the Gain Amount in such Carry Participating Partner's Gain Account and (ii) the Loss Amount in such Carry Participating Partner's Loss Account. Upon such determination, an amount equal to the Loss Amount for each Carry Participating Partner shall be distributed to the Carry Participating Partners in such subsequent Fund Investment to the extent necessary to permit such Carry Participating Partners to receive the Carried Interest distributions that would have been distributed to them in the absence of any Notional Loss Amount; provided that such distribution will not exceed the Gain Amount for such Carry Participating Partner at such time. 23 (f) Any amounts remaining in any Carry Participating Partner's Segregated Account, after giving effect to this Section 6.07 and Section 5.03, shall be paid to such Carry Participating Partner after the complete liquidation of all Fund Investments in all Carried Interest Annual Pools in which such Carry Participating Partner is a participant. (g) Amounts retained in any Segregated Account with respect to any Carry Participating Partner shall not be distributed from such Segregated Account, except as otherwise provided in this Section 6.07. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner may cause amounts held in the Segregated Account of any Carry Participating Partner to be distributed to such Carry Participating Partner if the General Partner determines, in its discretion, that such amounts are not required in order for such Carry Participating Partner to meet such Carry Participating Partner's payment obligations under this Section 6.07. Section 6.08. Loans and Withdrawal of Amounts Allocated to Capital Accounts. Except as permitted by the General Partner, no Limited Partner shall be permitted to borrow, or to make an early withdrawal of, any portion of the amounts allocated to his or her Capital Account. Section 6.09. Repayment of Certain Distributions. In the event that any amount distributed to a Limited Partner hereunder is later determined by the General Partner to be in excess of the amount such Limited Partner was entitled to under this Agreement, such Limited Partner shall return such amount to the Partnership. ARTICLE 7 REPORTS TO LIMITED PARTNERS Section 7.01. Reports. (a) The General Partner shall provide to each Limited Partner reports and financial information on the Partnership's affairs and on such Limited Partner's Allocation Schedule and Capital Account in such form and at such times as the General Partner shall determine in its discretion. The General Partner shall also provide to each Limited Partner (other than any Special Limited Partner), upon request, a copy of each report and financial statement provided to any Investor pursuant to any Partnership Agreement. (b) After the end of each fiscal year, the General Partner shall cause the independent certified public accountants of the Partnership to prepare and transmit, within 30 days after the tax returns for all Funds have been completed, or as soon thereafter as is practicable, a federal income tax form K-1 for each Partner, a copy of the Partnership's return filed for federal income tax purposes and a report setting forth in sufficient detail such transactions effected by the Partnership during such fiscal year as shall enable each Partner to prepare its 24 United States federal and state income tax returns, if any. The General Partner shall provide such materials to (i) each Limited Partner and (ii) each former Limited Partner (or its successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives) who may require such information in preparing its United States federal and state income tax returns. ARTICLE 8 EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION Section 8.01. Exculpation and Indemnification. (a) No Indemnified Person shall be liable to the Partnership or to the Partners for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities arising from, related to, or in connection with this Agreement, the Partnership's business or affairs, the Fund Partnership Agreements or the Funds' business or affairs (including any act or omission by any Indemnified Person and any activity of the type or character disclosed or contemplated in Section 2.04 or 2.05 hereof or in any Partnership Agreement (such disclosure being incorporated herein by reference) and no such activity will in and of itself constitute a breach of any duty owed by any Indemnified Person to any Partner or the Partnership), except for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities resulting from such Indemnified Person's gross negligence or willful misconduct. (b) The Partnership shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Person against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, arising out of, related to or in connection with this Agreement, the Partnership's business or affairs, the Fund Partnership Agreements or the Funds' business or affairs, except for (i) any such losses, claims, damages or liabilities resulting from such Indemnified Person's gross negligence or willful misconduct and (ii) any losses allocated to any Partner's Capital Account. The Partnership will periodically reimburse each Indemnified Person for all expenses (including fees and expenses of counsel) as such expenses are incurred in connection with investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any Proceeding related to, arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, the Partnership's business or affairs, the Fund Partnership Agreements or the Funds' business or affairs; provided that such Indemnified Person shall promptly repay to the Partnership the amount of any such reimbursed expenses paid to it if it shall be judicially determined by judgment or order not subject to further appeal or discretionary review that such Indemnified Person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Partnership in connection with such matter as provided in the exceptions contained in the immediately preceding sentence. If for any reason (other than the exceptions contained in the first sentence of this Section 8.01(b)) the foregoing indemnification is unavailable to any Indemnified Person, or insufficient to hold it harmless, then the Partnership shall contribute to the amount 25 paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such loss, claim, damage or liability in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Partnership, on the one hand, and such Indemnified Person, on the other hand, or, if such allocation is not permitted by applicable law, to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to above but also any other relevant equitable considerations. Any indemnity, contribution or reimbursement obligation of the Partnership under this Section 8.01(b) is referred to as an "INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATION." (c) Each Limited Partner covenants for itself and its successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives that such Person will, at any time prior to or after dissolution of the Partnership, whether before or after such Person's withdrawal from the Partnership, pay to the Partnership on demand any amount which the Partnership properly pays in respect of taxes (including withholding taxes) imposed upon income of, or distributions in respect of Fund Investments made to, such Limited Partner. (d) In the event that any Limited Partner initiates any Proceeding against the Partnership, the General Partner, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates and a judgment or order not subject to further appeal or discretionary review is rendered in respect of such Proceeding for the Partnership, the General Partner, Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates, as the case may be, such Limited Partner shall be solely liable for all costs and expenses of the Partnership, the General Partner, Greenhill or such Affiliate, as the case may be, attributable thereto and shall pay such amounts in cash to the Persons incurring such costs and expenses within 90 days after the entry of such judgment or order. (e) Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, the exculpation provisions under Section 8.01(a) and the reimbursement, indemnity and contribution obligations of the Partnership under Section 8.01(b) shall: (i) be in addition to any liability which the Partnership may otherwise have; and (ii) be binding upon and inure to the benefit of any successors, assigns, heirs and personal representatives of the Partnership and each Indemnified Person. (f) To the extent that, at law or in equity, any Partner has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Partnership or to any other Partner, the Partner acting in connection with the Partnership's affairs shall not be liable to the Partnership or to any other Partner for its good faith reliance on the provisions of this Agreement. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the provisions of this Agreement, to the extent that they restrict the duties and liabilities or rights and powers of the Partners otherwise existing at 26 law or in equity, are agreed by the Partners to replace such other duties, liabilities, rights and powers of the Partners. (g) The foregoing provisions of this Section 8.01 shall survive for a period of four years from the date of dissolution of the Partnership; provided that if at the end of such period, there are any Proceedings then pending or any other liability (whether contingent or otherwise) or claim then outstanding, any Limited Partner shall so notify the General Partner or Greenhill at such time (which notice shall include a brief description of each such Proceeding (and of the liabilities asserted in such Proceeding) and of such liabilities and claims) and the foregoing provisions of this Section 8.01 shall survive with respect to each such Proceeding, liability and claim set forth in such notice (or any related Proceeding, liability or claim based upon the same or a similar claim) until such date that such Proceeding, liability or claim is ultimately resolved. ARTICLE 9 DURATION AND DISSOLUTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP Section 9.01. Duration. The term of the Partnership shall continue for so long as any of the Funds continue in existence, unless the Partnership is sooner dissolved pursuant to Section 9.02; provided that in order to permit an orderly winding up of the affairs of the Partnership, subject to Section 9.02, the General Partner may, in its discretion, extend the term of the Partnership for up to three successive one-year terms following the expiration of such initial term. Section 9.02. Dissolution. The death, retirement, resignation, expulsion, bankruptcy or dissolution of a Limited Partner, or the occurrence of any other event which terminates the continued membership of a Limited Partner in the Partnership, shall not, in and of itself, cause the Partnership to be dissolved and its affairs wound up. Upon the occurrence of any such event, the business of the Partnership shall be continued without dissolution. Subject to the Delaware Act, the Partnership shall be dissolved and its affairs shall be wound up upon the earliest of: (a) the expiration of the term of the Partnership provided in Section 9.01; (b) in the discretion of the General Partner, upon the dissolution and distribution of assets of all Funds; (c) a decision made by the General Partner, after consultation with counsel, to dissolve the Partnership because it has determined in good faith that (i) changes in any applicable law or regulation would have a material adverse effect 27 on the continuation of the Partnership or (ii) such action is necessary or desirable as provided in Section 2.10; (d) the written consent of all Partners; (e) the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution under Section 17-802 of the Delaware Act; (f) at any time that there are no limited partners of the Partnership, unless the business of the Partnership is continued in accordance with the Delaware Act; and (g) any event that results in the General Partner ceasing to be a general partner of the Partnership under the Delaware Act, provided that the Partnership shall not be dissolved and required to be wound up in connection with any such event if (A) at the time of the occurrence of such event there is at least one remaining general partner of the Partnership who is hereby authorized to and does carry on the business of the Partnership or (B) within 90 days after the occurrence of such event, the Majority Limited Partners agree in writing or vote to continue the business of the Partnership and to the appointment, effective as of the date of such event, if required, of one or more additional general partners of the Partnership. Section 9.03. Liquidation of Partnership. Upon dissolution, the Partnership's business shall be liquidated in an orderly manner. Except as provided in the immediately succeeding sentence, the General Partner shall be the liquidator to wind up the affairs of the Partnership pursuant to this Agreement. If the General Partner is not available to serve as liquidator or if the Partnership shall be dissolved upon dissolution of any of the Funds in accordance with the terms of the applicable Partnership Agreement, the Limited Partners may by approval of the Majority Limited Partners appoint one or more liquidators to act as the liquidator in carrying out such liquidation. In performing its duties, subject to the Delaware Act, the liquidator is authorized to sell, distribute, exchange or otherwise dispose of the assets of the Partnership in any reasonable manner that the liquidator shall determine to be in the best interest of the Partners. Section 9.04. Distribution upon Dissolution of the Partnership. (a) Upon dissolution of the Partnership, the liquidator winding up the affairs of the Partnership shall determine in its discretion which assets of the Partnership shall be sold and which assets of the Partnership shall be retained for distribution in kind to the Partners. Subject to the Delaware Act, after all liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of the Partnership have been satisfied or duly provided for (as determined by the liquidator in its discretion), the remaining assets of the Partnership shall be distributed to the Partners in proportion to their respective 28 positive Capital Accounts up to the amounts thereof, and thereafter in the manner in which additional amounts would have been distributed pursuant to Article 6. (b) In the discretion of the liquidator, and subject to the Delaware Act, all or a portion of the assets of the Partnership may be: (i) distributed to a trust established for the benefit of the Partners for purposes of liquidating Partnership assets, collecting amounts owed to the Partnership, and satisfying any liabilities or obligations of the Partnership arising out of, or in connection with, this Agreement or the Partnership's affairs; or (ii) withheld, with respect to any Partner, to provide a reserve reasonably required for Partnership Expenses; provided that such withheld amounts shall be distributed to the Partners as soon as the liquidator determines, in its discretion, that it is no longer necessary to retain such amounts. The assets of any trust established in connection with clause (i) above shall be distributed to the Partners from time to time, in the discretion of the liquidator, in the same proportions as the amount distributed to such trust by the Partnership would otherwise have been distributed to the Partners pursuant to this Agreement. (c) Each Partner shall look solely to the assets of the Partnership for the return of such Partner's aggregate invested capital in Fund Investments, and no Partner shall have priority over any other Partner as to the return of such invested capital. Section 9.05. Resignation of Limited Partners. Except as otherwise provided in Section 3.05 or in Article 10 or with the approval of the General Partner, a Limited Partner may not resign or withdraw from the Partnership prior to its dissolution and winding up. ARTICLE 10 TRANSFERABILITY OF A LIMITED PARTNER'S INTEREST Section 10.01. Restrictions on Transfer of Limited Partner Interests. (a) A Limited Partner may not, directly or indirectly, sell, exchange, transfer, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of all or any portion of its limited partner interest (including any entitlement to any distributions hereunder) in the Partnership (any such direct or indirect sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation or other disposition being herein collectively called "TRANSFERS") to any Person, except (i) pursuant to Section 2.10 or 3.05, (ii) by 29 will or by the laws of descent and distribution, (iii) by operation of law or (iv) to the Partnership. (b) Sections 10.02 and 10.03 shall not apply to any Transfer contemplated by clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) of Section 10.01(a), other than a Transfer pursuant to Section 2.10; provided that any transferee pursuant to a Transfer contemplated by clause (ii) of Section 10.01(a) shall not be admitted as a Partner unless such Person, as a condition to its admission as a Partner, shall have executed and acknowledged such instruments (including a counterpart of this Agreement), in form and substance satisfactory to the General Partner, as the General Partner reasonably deems necessary or desirable to effectuate such admission and to confirm the agreement of such Person to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement with respect to the Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership acquired by such Person, whereupon such Person shall become a Substituted Limited Partner and shall, for purposes of the calculations under Sections 6.04 and 6.07, be bound by such calculations previously made with respect to the transferring Partner pursuant to this Agreement, and shall be otherwise treated with respect to such calculations as if such Person were a Partner from the inception of the Partnership. (c) The termination of any Limited Partner's employment with Greenhill or any of its Affiliates shall not in and of itself result in or be deemed to constitute a Transfer of all or any portion of such Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership. (d) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing restrictions, in no event may a Limited Partner Transfer any portion of his limited partner interest in the Partnership nor may a Substituted Limited Partner be admitted to the Partnership if such Transfer or such admission would, in the judgment of the General Partner, jeopardize the status of the Partnership as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes, cause a dissolution of the Partnership under the Delaware Act, cause the Partnership's assets to be deemed to be "plan assets" for purposes of ERISA, cause the Partnership to be deemed to be an "investment company" for purposes of the Investment Company Act, cause the Partnership to be in violation of the Advisers Act, or would violate, or cause the Partnership to violate, any applicable law, regulation or order, including any applicable federal or state securities laws. Section 10.02. Expenses of Transfer; Indemnification. All expenses, including attorneys' fees and expenses, incurred by the Partnership in connection with any Transfer shall be borne by the transferring Limited Partner or such Limited Partner's transferee (any such transferee, when admitted and shown as a Limited Partner on the books and records of the Partnership, being hereinafter called a "SUBSTITUTED LIMITED PARTNER"). In addition, the transferring Limited Partner or such transferee shall indemnify the Partnership and the General Partner 30 in a manner satisfactory to the General Partner against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Partnership or the General Partner may become subject arising out of, related to or in connection with any false representation or warranty made by, or breach or failure to comply with any covenant or agreement of, such transferring Partner or such transferee. Section 10.03. Recognition of Transfer; Substituted Partners. (a) No assignee or other recipient of all or any portion of a Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership may be admitted to the Partnership as a Substituted Limited Partner without the prior approval of the General Partner (which may, in the General Partner's discretion, be withheld). If the General Partner approves the admission of any Person to the Partnership as a Substituted Limited Partner, such Person, as a condition to its admission as a Partner, shall execute and acknowledge such instruments (including a counterpart of this Agreement), in form and substance satisfactory to the General Partner, as the General Partner reasonably deems necessary or desirable to effectuate such admission and to confirm the agreement of such Person to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement with respect to the limited partner interest in the Partnership acquired by such Person. (b) The Partnership shall not (subject to Section 3.05) recognize for any purpose any purported Transfer of all or any part of a Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership and no assignee, transferee or other recipient of all or any part of such interest shall become a Substituted Limited Partner hereunder unless: (i) the provisions of this Article 10 shall have been complied with; (ii) the General Partner shall have been furnished with the documents effecting such Transfer, in form reasonably satisfactory to the General Partner, executed and acknowledged by both the assignor or transferor and assignee, transferee or other recipient; (iii) such assignee, transferee or other recipient shall have represented that such Transfer was made in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations; (iv) all necessary governmental consents shall have been obtained in respect of such Transfer; (v) the books and records of the Partnership shall have been changed (which change shall be made as promptly as practicable) to reflect the admission of such Substituted Limited Partner; and 31 (vi) all necessary instruments reflecting such admission shall have been filed in each jurisdiction in which such filing is necessary in order to qualify the Partnership to conduct business. Upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in this Section 10.03, any such assignee or other recipient shall become a Substituted Limited Partner. Any Person who succeeds to any Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership and who becomes a Substituted Limited Partner shall, for purposes of the calculations under Sections 6.04 and 6.07, be bound by such calculations previously made with respect to the transferring Partner pursuant to this Agreement, and shall be otherwise treated with respect to such calculations as if such Person were the Partner from the inception of the Partnership. ARTICLE 11 TRANSFERABILITY OF GENERAL PARTNER'S INTEREST Section 11.01. Transferability of General Partner's Interest. (a) Except as otherwise provided herein, the General Partner may not Transfer to any Person (other than to a successor-in-interest (by merger or otherwise) or assignee that is an Affiliate of Greenhill, which Transfer may be made without the approval of any other Partner) without the prior approval of a majority of the Limited Partners. If the General Partner so determines in its discretion, and any such prior approval of the Limited Partners (if required) so provides, the General Partner may admit any Person to whom the General Partner proposes to make such a Transfer as an additional general partner of the Partnership, and such transferee shall be deemed admitted to the Partnership as a general partner of the Partnership immediately prior to such Transfer and shall continue the business of the Partnership without dissolution. ARTICLE 12 MISCELLANEOUS Section 12.01. Entire Agreement; Amendments; Waivers; Termination. (a) This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both oral and written, between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. (b) Any provision of this Agreement (including Article 10) may be amended or waived by a written agreement executed by the General Partner and without the approval of any Limited Partner; provided that, 32 (i) the provisions of Article 8, Section 9.01 and this Section 12.01(b) may not be amended or waived without the approval of the General Partner and each Limited Partner (other than any Special Limited Partner referred to in the second sentence of Section 3.06(c) (to the extent provided in Section 3.06(c))); (ii) no amendment or waiver of the provisions of this Agreement may increase the liability of a Limited Partner beyond the liability of such Limited Partner expressly set forth in this Agreement or otherwise modify or affect the limited liability of such Limited Partner or materially impair the value of any Carried Interest Point previously awarded to a Limited Partner without the consent of the General Partner and the Limited Partner affected thereby; provided, however, that for all purposes of this Section 12.01, any amendment of this Agreement that is necessary to carry out or reflect the operation of Section 3.05 shall not require the consent or approval of any Limited Partner; and (iii) no provision of this Agreement that relates to or affects Greenhill may be amended or waived without the approval of Greenhill. (c) The General Partner shall give the affected Limited Partners written notice of any amendment of this Agreement effected pursuant to Section 12.01(b) within 30 days after the same becomes effective. Section 12.02. Mergers and Consolidations. The Partnership may merge or consolidate with or into one or more Delaware limited partnerships or other business entities (as defined in the Delaware Act) pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 17-211 of the Delaware Act upon the approval of the General Partner and the Majority Limited Partners; provided that in connection with any such merger or consolidation, no amendment of any provision of this Agreement may be effected without the approval required for an amendment of such provision in accordance with Section 12.01. Notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement, any agreement of merger or consolidation approved in accordance with the preceding sentence may (x) effect any amendment to this Agreement or (y) effect the adoption of a new limited partnership agreement for the Partnership if it is the surviving or resulting entity in such merger or consolidation. Section 12.03. Investment Representation. Each Limited Partner, by executing this Agreement, represents and warrants that his limited partner interest in the Partnership has been acquired by him for his own account for investment and not with a view to resale or distribution thereof and that he is fully aware that in agreeing to admit him as a Limited Partner, the General Partner, Greenhill and the Partnership are relying upon the truth and accuracy of this representation and warranty. 33 Section 12.04. Successors; Counterparts. This Agreement (i) shall be binding as to the executors, administrators, estates, heirs and legal successors of the Limited Partners and (ii) may be executed in several counterparts with the same effect as if the parties executing the several counterparts had all executed one counterpart. Section 12.05. Governing Law; Severability. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware as applied between residents of that state entering into contracts wholly to be performed in that state. In particular, it shall be construed to the maximum extent possible to comply with all of the terms and conditions of the Delaware Act. If it shall be determined by court order not subject to appeal or discretionary review that any provision or wording of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable under the Delaware Act or other applicable law, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not invalidate the entire Agreement, in which case this Agreement shall be construed so as to limit any term or provision so as to make it enforceable or valid within the requirements of applicable law, and, in the event such term or provision cannot be so limited, this Agreement shall be construed to omit such invalid or unenforceable provisions. Section 12.06. Further Assurance. Each Limited Partner, upon the request of the General Partner, agrees to perform all further acts and to execute, acknowledge and deliver any documents that may reasonably be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Agreement. Section 12.07. Filings. The General Partner shall promptly prepare, following the execution and delivery of this Agreement, any documents required to be filed and recorded, or, which are in the General Partner's discretion, appropriate for filing and recording, under the Delaware Act, and the General Partner, as an authorized person, shall promptly cause each such document to be filed and recorded in accordance with the Delaware Act and, to the extent required by local law, to be filed and recorded or notice thereof to be published in the appropriate place in each State in which the Partnership may hereafter establish a place of business. The General Partner shall also promptly cause to be filed, recorded and published such statements of fictitious business name and other notices, certificates, statements or other instruments required by any provision of any applicable law of the United States or any State or other jurisdiction which governs the conduct of its business from time to time. Section 12.08. Power of Attorney. (a) Each Limited Partner does hereby constitute and appoint the General Partner and its officers with full power of substitution, as his true and lawful representative and attorney-in-fact, in his name, place and stead to make, execute, sign, deliver and file (i) the Certificate of Limited Partnership and any amendment thereof required because of an amendment to this Agreement or in order to effectuate any change in the 34 membership of the Partnership, (ii) any amendments to this Agreement in accordance with Section 12.01, (iii) all such other instruments, documents and certificates which may from time to time be required by the laws of the United States of America, the State of Delaware or any other State, or any political subdivision or agency thereof, or any foreign country, to effectuate, implement and continue the valid and subsisting existence of the Partnership or to dissolve the Partnership and (iv) any document, certificate, instrument or agreement necessary or desirable to effectuate the transfer of all or any part of a Limited Partner's limited partner interest in the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of Articles 3 or 10. Such representatives and attorneys-in-fact shall not have any right, power or authority to amend or modify this Agreement except in accordance with the terms of this Agreement when acting in such capacities. (b) The power of attorney granted pursuant to this Section 12.08 is coupled with an interest and shall survive and not be affected by the subsequent death, incapacity, disability, dissolution, termination or bankruptcy of the Limited Partner granting such power of attorney or the transfer of all or any portion of such Limited Partner's limited partnership interest in the Partnership, and extend to such Limited Partner's successors, assigns and legal representatives. Section 12.09. No Bill for Partnership Accounting. Subject to mandatory provisions of law applicable to a Limited Partner and to circumstances involving a breach of this Agreement, each of the Limited Partners covenants that it will not (except with the consent of the General Partner) file a bill for a Partnership accounting. Section 12.10. Goodwill. No value shall be placed on the name or goodwill of the Partnership. Section 12.11. Notices. All notices, requests and other communications to any party hereunder shall be in writing (including electronic mail, facsimile or similar writing) and shall be given to such party at its address, electronic mail address or facsimile number set forth in a schedule filed with the records of the Partnership or such other address, electronic mail address or facsimile number as such party may hereafter specify for the purpose by notice in like manner to the General Partner. Each such notice, request or other communication shall be effective (a) if given by facsimile, when such facsimile is transmitted to the facsimile number specified pursuant to this Section 12.11 and the appropriate answerback or confirmation is received, (b) if given by mail, 72 hours after such communication is deposited in the mails with first class postage prepaid, addressed as aforesaid (c) if given by electronic mail, when actually received at the electronic mail address specified pursuant to this Section 12.11 or (d) if given 35 by any other means, when delivered at the address specified pursuant to this Section 12.11. Section 12.12. Arbitration. In the event that any dispute arises between a Limited Partner, on the one hand, and Greenhill, the Partnership, the General Partner or any of its Affiliates, on the other hand, relating to or in connection with this Agreement, the Partnership and its business or affairs, the Fund Partnership Agreements or the Funds' business or affairs, such Limited Partner shall attempt to resolve such dispute by discussion and negotiation within thirty days after the date one such party (the "INITIATING PARTY") initially raises such dispute. Any and all disputed issues that are not resolved in writing by the parties during such thirty (30) day period shall be finally settled by binding arbitration to be held in Wilmington, Delaware or New York City, New York in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, as from time to time amended and in effect. The parties to this Agreement hereby waive (and agree to cause their respective Affiliates to waive) any right to refer such dispute or controversy to any other forum or tribunal. The arbitration panel shall be composed of three arbitrators, appointed pursuant to the following procedure. The Initiating Party shall notify the other party (the "RESPONDING PARTY") of the substance of its claim and the name and address of the arbitrator chosen by the Initiating Party. Within thirty days of receipt of such notification, the Responding Party shall notify the Initiating Party of its answer to the claim made, any counterclaim which it wishes to assert in the arbitration, and the name and address of the arbitrator chosen by the Responding Party. If this is not done by the Responding Party within thirty (30) days, appointment of the second arbitrator shall be made by the American Arbitration Association upon request of the Initiating Party. The arbitrators shall choose a third arbitrator, who shall serve as president of the panel thus composed. If the arbitrators fail to agree upon the choice of a third arbitrator within thirty (30) days from the appointment of the second arbitrator, the third arbitrator will be appointed by the American Arbitration Association upon the request of the arbitrators or either of the parties. In all cases the arbitrators must be persons who are knowledgeable about and have recognized ability and experience in dealing with the subject matter of the dispute. The arbitrators will decide the dispute by majority decision and in accordance with Delaware law. The decision shall be rendered in writing and shall bear the signatures of at least two arbitrators. It also shall identify the members of the arbitration panel, and the time and place of the award granted. Finally, it will determine the expenses of the arbitration and the party who shall be charged therewith or the allocation of the expenses between the parties in the discretion of the panel. The arbitration decision shall be rendered as soon as possible, but in any event not later than six months after the constitution of the arbitration panel. The arbitration decision shall be final and binding upon both parties. Judgment upon any award rendered by the arbitration panel may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof or having jurisdiction over the 36 party against whom enforcement is sought or having jurisdiction over any of such party's assets. To the maximum extent permitted by law, the parties to this Agreement hereby waive (and agree to cause their respective Affiliates to waive) any right of appeal from any judgment rendered upon an award, particularly including (but not limited to) appeals with respect to any question of law. Section 12.13. Withholding. The General Partner shall have the right to deduct and withhold from any distributions or other assets any federal, state or local taxes that it determines in good faith to be required by law to be withheld with respect to income allocable to any Limited Partner. Section 12.14. Headings. Section and other headings contained in this Agreement are for reference only and are not intended to describe, interpret, define or limit the scope or intent of this Agreement or any provision hereof. ARTICLE 13 CLAWBACK OBLIGATIONS Section 13.01. General Partner Clawback. The Partners acknowledge and agree that the Partnership may be obligated to make payments to the Funds under Section 10.04(b) of the Fund Partnership Agreements (the "CLAWBACK OBLIGATION"). The Partnership shall satisfy the Clawback Obligation, (i) first by payment from each Partner's Segregated Account based on each Partner's Pro Rata Share of the Clawback Obligation; and (ii) then, each Partner will be required to make a payment pursuant to Section 13.02 in an amount equal to such Partner's Pro Rata Share of the Clawback Obligation less amounts paid pursuant to clause (i) above. "PRO RATA SHARE" shall be determined (i) first, based on the amount of each Partner's Loss Amount for all Clawback Obligation payments up to an amount equal to the aggregate Loss Amounts and (ii) with respect to any excess, then based on the aggregate Carried Interest distributions theretofore received by each Partner including amounts held in the Segregated Accounts after giving effect to clause (i) above. Section 13.02. Guaranty. (a) Each Partner (together with any Person who may hereafter agree to become a guarantor under this Agreement by signing a written instrument expressly agreeing to be so bound, each a "GUARANTOR," and collectively, the "GUARANTORS") hereby unconditionally and irrevocably 37 guarantees severally (and not jointly) the full payment in cash, when due, of such Guarantor's Pro Rata Share of the Clawback Obligation, and if for any reason the Partnership (the "OBLIGOR") shall fail fully and punctually to pay the Clawback Obligation, each of the Guarantors shall pay its Pro Rata Share of such Clawback Obligation; provided that (i) the payment obligation of each Guarantor shall be reduced by any amounts applied from such Guarantor's Segregated Account and (ii) the amount payable by each Guarantor shall not exceed the aggregate Carried Interest distributions received by such Guarantor directly or indirectly from the Partnership (or held in such Guarantor's Segregated Account) less the deemed income tax liability (calculated based on the Tax Percentage) on income allocated with respect to such Carried Interest distributions. This Agreement is an absolute, unconditional, continuing guarantee of payment and not of collection, and is in no way conditioned or contingent upon any attempt to collect from the Obligor, enforce performance by the Obligor or on any other condition or contingency. (b) Each guaranty pursuant to paragraph (a) above is expressly for the benefit of the Funds and the limited partners of the Funds (the "FUND LIMITED PARTNERS") and shall not be impaired, discharged or terminated by any other act or omission that may, in accordance with applicable law, affect the enforceability of a guaranty, and shall not be affected by the bankruptcy, insolvency or inability to pay of the Obligor, a Guarantor or of any other party. (c) Promptly following the determination that a contribution is required to be made by the Obligor pursuant to Section 10.04(b) of the Fund Partnership Agreement, the Obligor shall notify the Guarantors of each Guarantor's Pro Rata Share of the amount of the Clawback Obligation, after application of the amounts in the Segregated Accounts, which shall be payable to the Partnership or as otherwise designated in such notice. When the Clawback Obligation becomes due and payable and the Obligor fails to fully and punctually pay and perform its Clawback Obligation, the Funds or any of the Fund Limited Partners may make demand upon a Guarantor for the payment of such Guarantor's obligations hereunder. (d) To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Guarantor irrevocably waives acceptance hereof, presentment, demand, protest, benefit of order, notice of dishonor and any notice not provided for herein, as well as any requirement that at any time any action be taken by any Person against the Obligor or any other Person. (e) The obligations of each Guarantor under this Agreement shall be unconditional and primary (as though such Guarantor were the maker of its Pro Rata Share of the Clawback Obligation), irrespective of the validity or enforceability of the Clawback Obligation, and shall not be affected by any action taken under the Clawback Obligation in the exercise of any right or remedy therein conferred, or by any failure or omission on the part of the Funds or the Fund Limited Partners to enforce any right given thereunder or hereunder or any remedy therein conferred, or by any failure or omission on the part of the Funds or the 38 Fund Limited Partners to enforce any right given thereunder or hereunder or any remedy conferred thereby or hereby, or by any waiver of any term, covenant, agreement or condition of the Clawback Obligation or this Agreement, or by any other circumstance which may or might be in any manner or to any extent vary the risk of any Guarantor hereunder. (f) Except for the addition of Guarantors set forth in the following sentence, this Article 13 may not be amended except with the written consent of the Required Limited Partners and the unanimous consent of the Guarantors. The Obligor hereby agrees that it will not admit any Person as a Partner and the General Partner hereby agrees that it will not permit any Person to become entitled to any share of its distributions unless such Person shall have first executed a supplement hereto pursuant to which such Person agrees to become a Guarantor hereunder and to be bound by the provisions of this Article 13. 39 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have hereto set their hands as of the day and year first above written. By: Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC as general partner By: ------------------------------ Name: Title: Limited Partner Signature Page for GCP Managing Partner, L.P. Limited Partner: ------------------------------ Name: Limited Partner Commencement Date: Address for Notices: Accepted: Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC By: ------------------------------ Name: Title: APPENDIX A DEFINITIONS "ADVISERS ACt" means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended from time to time. "AFFILIATE" of any Person means any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such Person. The term "control" means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. "AGREEMENT" means this Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, as amended from time to time. "ALLOCATION SCHEDULE" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(a). "ANNUAL ALLOCATION DATE" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(a). "AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.08(a). "BUSINESS DAY" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York City are authorized by law to close. "CAPITAL ACCOUNT" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.04. "CAPITAL COMMITMENT" means with respect to each of the Partners whose names appear on Schedule III, the amount set forth opposite the name of such Partner on Schedule III. "CAPITAL CONTRIBUTION" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01. "CARRIED INTEREST" means the Carried Interest (as defined in the Fund Partnership Agreements) that may be distributed to the Partnership, as general partner of the Funds. "CARRIED INTEREST ANNUAL POOL" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02. "CARRIED INTEREST POINTS" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(a). "CARRIED INTEREST SHARE" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(a). A-1 "CARRY PARTICIPATING PARTNER" means, with respect to any Individual Carry Annual Pool, any Partner who has an Annual Interest in such Annual Pool. "CARRY VESTED PERCENTAGE" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05. "CAUSE" means (i) any act or omission which constitutes a breach by the Limited Partner of the Limited Partner's obligations to the Partnership or Greenhill or any of its Affiliates or the failure or refusal of the Limited Partner to perform satisfactorily any duties reasonably required of the Limited Partner, which breach, failure or refusal is not corrected (other than failure to correct by reason of the incapacity of the Limited Partner due to physical or mental illness) within 10 Business Days after written notification thereof to the Limited Partner by the Partnership or Greenhill or any of its Affiliates, (ii) the commission by the Limited Partner of any dishonest or fraudulent act injurious to the interests or business reputation of any of the Partnership or Greenhill, or any of its Affiliates, (iii) any other act or omission which is materially injurious to the interests or business reputation of any of the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates or (iv) a substantial violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which the Partnership or Greenhill or any of its Affiliates is a member or of any policy of the Partnership or Greenhill or any of its Affiliates relating to compliance with any of the foregoing. "CODE" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. "COMPANY" has the meaning set forth in the Recitals of this Agreement. "CONTRIBUTING PARTNERS" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01. "CONVERSION" has the meaning set forth in the Recitals of this Agreement. "DELAWARE ACT" has the meaning set forth in the Recitals of this Agreement. "ELIMINATION EVENT" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(d). "ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time. "FORFEITED CARRIED INTEREST POINTS" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(c). "FORFEITED INTEREST PARTNER" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.02(b). "FORFEITURE EVENT" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(c). A-2 "FULLY REDUCED PARTNER" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.06(d). "FUND INVESTMENT" means, with respect to any Fund, any Investment (as defined in the applicable Fund Partnership Agreement) made by such Fund pursuant to such Fund Partnership Agreement. "FUND PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS" means the agreement of limited partnership of each of the Funds, as amended and in effect from time to time. "FUND PARTNERSHIP EXPENSES" means any Partnership Expenses (as defined in any Fund Partnership Agreement). "FUNDS" has the meaning set forth in Section 1.04. "GENERAL PARTNER" means Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC, or any other Person who, at such time, has been admitted as a general partner of the Partnership, in such Person's capacity as general partner of the Partnership. "GREENHILL" means Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC. "INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATION" has the meaning set forth in Section 8.01(b). "INDEMNIFIED PERSON" means each Limited Partner and each director, officer, stockholder, employee, agent or representative of the Partnership, the General Partner or of Greenhill or any of their respective Affiliates. "INITIATING PARTY" has the meaning set forth in Section 12.12. "INVESTMENT COMMITTEE" means the Investment Committee of the General Partner as constituted pursuant to the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the General Partner. "INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time. "INVESTMENT EXPENSE" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.01. "INVESTMENT PERCENTAGE" means, with respect to any Contributing Partner, the percentage derived by dividing (i) such Contributing Partner's aggregate Capital Contributions by (ii) the aggregate Capital Contributions of all Contributing Partners. "INVESTOR" means each or any investor in any Partnership or Fund Investment. A-3 "LIMITED PARTNER" means, at any time, any Person (including any such Person who has become a Special Limited Partner in accordance with this Agreement) who is at such time a limited partner of the Partnership and shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership, in such Person's capacity as limited partner of the Partnership. "MAJORITY LIMITED PARTNERS" means, at any time and with respect to a matter, Limited Partners entitled to vote on such matter holding at such time more than 50% of all of the Carried Interest Points of all Limited Partners entitled to vote on such matter (and present for purposes of a quorum, if applicable) at such time. "NET INCOME" has the meaning set forth in the applicable Partnership Agreement. "NET LOSS" has the meaning set forth in the applicable Partnership Agreement. "PARTIALLY REDUCED PARTNER" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(c). "PARTICIPATION PERCENTAGE" means, with respect to any Carry Participating Partner and any Fund Investment, such Carry Participating Partner's share of the Carried Interest Share arising from such Fund Investment as determined in the manner set forth in Section 3.02. "PARTNER" means the General Partner or any Limited Partner, and "Partners" means, collectively, the General Partner and the Limited Partners. "PARTNERSHIP" means GCP Managing Partner, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, as such limited partnership may from time to time be constituted. "PARTNERSHIP EXPENSES" has the meaning set forth in Section 4.01. "PERSON" means any individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, trust, estate or designated beneficiary or other entity. "PORTFOLIO COMPANY" means, with respect to any Fund Investment, any Person that is the issuer of the equity securities, debt securities or other securities that are the subject of such Fund Investment. "PROCEEDING" means any action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding by or before any court, arbitrator, governmental body or other agency. "PROCEEDS" means, with respect to any Fund Investment, all cash and non-cash proceeds received by the Partnership from any sale of, or distribution from, A-4 such Fund Investment, including any dividends, interest or other distributions received by the Partnership in respect of such Fund Investment (net of any sales commissions, fees or other Investment Expense incurred, directly or indirectly, by the Partnership in connection with such receipt). "PROPRIETARY INFORMATION" means any information that may have intrinsic value to the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates, clients or other parties with which the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates has a relationship, or that may provide the Partnership or Greenhill, or its Affiliates with a competitive advantage, including, without limitation, any trade secrets; formulas; flow charts; computer programs, access codes or other systems information; algorithms; business, product or marketing plans; sales and other forecasts; financial information; client lists; and information relating to compensation and benefits; provided that such Proprietary Information does not include any information which is available to the general public or is generally available within the relevant business or industry other than as a result of the Limited Partner's action. Proprietary Information may be in any medium or form, including without limitation, physical documents, computer files or discs, videotapes, audiotapes, and oral communications. "REALLOCATED CARRIED INTEREST POINTS" means Carried Interest Points which have been reallocated in accordance with Section 3.02. "REQUIRED PARTNERS" means, with respect to a fiscal year, both (i) Partners having a majority of the Carried Interest Points awarded for such year and (ii) the General Partner. "RESERVED CARRIED INTEREST POINTS" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(c). "RESPONDING PARTY" has the meaning set forth in Section 12.12. "SEGREGATED ACCOUNT" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.02(a). "SPECIAL LIMITED PARTNER" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(a). "SUBSTITUTED LIMITED PARTNER" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.02. "TAX MATTERS PARTNER" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.07(c). "TRANSFERS" has the meaning set forth in Section 10.01(a). "VESTED CARRIED INTEREST POINTS" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.05(c). A-5
Exhibit 10.20 ASSIGNMENT AND SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT ASSIGNMENT AND SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT (this "AGREEMENT") dated as of January 1, 2004, by and among the Limited Partners party hereto (each an "ASSIGNOR"), Greenhill & Co. Holdings LLC (the "ASSIGNEE") and GCP, L.P. (the "GENERAL PARTNER"), the General Partner of Greenhill Capital, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the "PARTNERSHIP"). W I T N E S S E T H : WHEREAS, each Assignor is presently a Limited Partner having a limited partner interest in the Partnership under the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Greenhill Capital, L.P. dated as of June 30, 2000 (as amended or modified, the "PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT") with a Capital Commitment set forth in Exhibit A and wishes to assign to the Assignee a portion of the limited partner interest in the Partnership of the Assignor which corresponds to an Available Capital Commitment set forth in Exhibit A next to the name of such Assignor under the caption "Assignor Available Capital Commitment Assigned to Assignee" (with respect to such Assignor, the "ASSIGNED INTEREST"), and the Assignee wishes to accept the assignments of such Assigned Interest; WHEREAS, subject to the agreements, covenants, representations and warranties contained herein, the General Partner is willing to consent and agree to this Agreement and the assignment effected hereby. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties hereto do hereby agree as follows: 1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used in this Agreement and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Partnership Agreement. 2. Assignment and Assumption. (a) For value received, each Assignor does hereby transfer, convey, grants and assign all of its right, title and interest, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, in the Assigned Interest to the Assignee, effective as of the date hereof (the "ASSIGNMENT"). (b) Each Assignor hereby covenants and agrees with the Assignee that such Assignor shall execute and deliver such further instruments and do such further reasonable acts and things as may be required to convey the Assigned Interest to the Assignee. No interest of any Assignor in any existing Investment is being transferred hereby. (c) The Assignee hereby (i) accepts the Assignment of each Assigned Interest, (ii) assumes all obligations, liabilities and commitments of each Assignor with respect to the Assigned Interest. 3. Representations and Warranties of the Assignor. Each Assignor severally and not jointly represents and warrants to the Partnership and the General Partner that the execution, delivery and performance by such person of this Agreement are within such person's legal right, power and capacity, require no action by or in respect of, or filing with, any governmental body, agency, or official, and do not and will not contravene, or constitute a default under, any provision of applicable law or regulation or of any agreement, judgment, injunction, order, decree or other instrument to which such person is a party or by which such person or any of his or her properties or assets is bound. This Agreement constitutes a valid and binding agreement of such Assignor, enforceable against such Assignor in accordance with its terms. 4. Assignee Representations and Warranties. The Assignee represents and warrants to the Partnership and the General Partner that the Assignee is a limited liability company that is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and the execution, delivery and performance by it of this Agreement are within its powers, have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other action on its behalf, require no action by or in respect of, or filing with, any governmental body, agency or official, and do not and will not contravene, or constitute a default under, any provision of applicable law or regulation or of its organizational documents or any agreement, judgment, injunction, order, decree or other instrument to which the Assignee is a party or by which the Assignee or any of the Assignee's properties or assets is bound. This Agreement constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the Assignee, enforceable against the Assignee in accordance with its terms. 5. Consent of the General Partner Subject to the agreements, covenants, representatives and warranties contained herein, the General Partner hereby (i) consents to the Assignment and (ii) acknowledges the admission of the Assignee to the Partnership as a Substituted Limited Partner to the extent of each Assigned Interest. 2 6. Disclosure of Tax Treatment. Notwithstanding any provision of the Partnership Agreement or this Agreement to the contrary, the General Partner and the Partnership authorize the Assignee and Assignor (and each of their respective employees, representatives or other agents) to disclose to any and all persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure of the Assignment, the Partnership and the Partnership's investments and all materials of any kind (including opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to such Assignee or Assignor relating to such tax treatment or tax structure; provided that the foregoing does not constitute an authorization to disclose information identifying the Partnership, any Limited Partner, the General Partner or any parties to transactions engaged in by the Partnership or (except to the extent relating to such tax structure or tax treatment) any nonpublic commercial or financial information. 7. Miscellaneous. (a) Governing Law. This Agreement and all rights and obligations hereunder and all provisions hereof shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York. (b) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in more than one counterpart each of which may be executed by less than all the parties with the same effect as if the parties executed a single document as of the effective date of this Agreement. 3 SIGNATURE PAGE: GREENHILL CAPITAL, L.P. TO BE SIGNED BY ASSIGNOR AND ASSIGNEE: This page constitutes the signature page for the Assignment of an Assigned Interest in the Partnership: (I) Assignment and Subscription Agreement and (II) Agreement of Limited Partnership of Greenhill Capital, L.P. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has executed this Signature Page this ___ day of __________________, 200_. TO BE SIGNED BY EACH ASSIGNOR: TO BE SIGNED BY THE ASSIGNEE: ----------------------------- ---------------------------- Execution of this Signature Page Execution of this Signature Page constitutes execution by the Assignor constitutes execution by the Assignee of the Assignment and Subscription of (i) the Assignment and Subscription Agreement. Agreement and (ii) the Partnership Agreement. ------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------- Print Name of Assignor GREENHILL & CO. HOLDINGS, LLC By: By: --------------------------------- -------------------------------------- Signature of Assignor Signature of Authorized Signatory ----------------------------------------- Print Name of Authorized Signatory -----------------------------------------Print Title of Authorized Signatory TO BE SIGNED BY THE PARTNERSHIP: TO BE SIGNED BY THE GENERAL PARTNER: ------------------------------- ----------------------------------- Execution of this Signature Page The above-named Assignee's purchase constitutes execution by the of an Assigned Interest in, and undersigned of the above-named admission as a limited partner Assignee's Assignment and of, the Partnership are Subscription Agreement as of accepted and agreed as of ---------------------------------. ---------------------------------. GREENHILL CAPITAL, L.P. GCP, L.P., AS GENERAL PARTNER By: GCP, L.P., By: Greenhill Capital Partners, LLC its General Partner its General Partner By: Greenhill Capital Partners, LLC By: its General Partner -------------------------------------- Name: Title: By: --------------------------------- Name: Title: 4EXHIBIT A ASSIGNOR AVAILABLE AVAILABLE CAPITAL ASSIGNOR AVAILABLE ASSIGNOR CAPITAL CAPITAL COMMITMENT COMMITMENT ASSIGNED CAPITAL COMMITMENT NAME OF ASSIGNOR COMMITMENT ($) PRE-ASSIGNMENT ($) TO ASSIGNEE ($) POST-ASSIGNMENT ($) ---------------- --------------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- Total: 6
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Auditors
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" and to the use of our report dated March 9, 2004, in the Registration Statement filed April 30, 2004 (Amendment No. 4 to Form S-1 No. 333-113526) and related Prospectus of Greenhill & Co., Inc.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
New York, New York
April 30,
2004