UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

 

 

Commission File number 1-7221

 

 

 

 

MOTOROLA, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

 

1303 East Algonquin Road, Schaumburg, Illinois 60196
(Address of principal executive offices)
(847) 576-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number)

 

 

 

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

 

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes  þ      No  o

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  Yes  o      No  þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  þ      No  o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer   þ      Accelerated filer   o      Non-accelerated filer   o      Smaller reporting company   o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  o      No  þ

 

The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2007 (the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second quarter) was approximately $40.6 billion (based on closing sale price of $17.70 per share as reported for the New York Stock Exchange-Composite Transactions).

 

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $3 par value per share, outstanding as of January 31, 2008 was 2,254,786,558.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with its Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which Proxy Statement will be filed no later than April 29, 2008, are incorporated by reference into Part III.

 

 

Table of Contents

 

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PART I

 

Throughout this 10-K report we “incorporate by reference” certain information in parts of other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC allows us to disclose important information by referring to it in that manner. Please refer to such information.

 

We are making forward-looking statements in this report. In “Item 1A: Risk Factors” we discuss some of the risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated in the forward-looking statements.

 

“Motorola” (which may be referred to as the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) means Motorola, Inc. or Motorola, Inc. and its subsidiaries, or one of our segments, as the context requires. “Motorola” is a registered trademark of Motorola, Inc.

 

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Principal Products and Services

 

Our wireless subscriber products include wireless handsets with related software and accessory products. We also sell and license our intellectual property. We market our products worldwide to carriers and consumers through direct sales, distributors, dealers, retailers and, in certain markets, through licensees.

 

Our Industry

 

The overall wireless handset industry remains strong. Total industry shipments of wireless handsets (also referred to as industry “sell-in”) increased to approximately 1.14 billion units in 2007, an increase of approximately 16% compared to 2006. Demand from new subscribers was strong in emerging markets, led by India and China. Replacement sales in highly-penetrated markets were also strong due to generally favorable economic conditions, as well as compelling new handset designs, attractive handset features and the increased roll-out of high-speed data networks, all creating greater demand.

 

Industry forecasters predict that the wireless handset industry will continue to grow over the next several years, although the annual rate of growth is expected to be in the 10% range as opposed to the approximately 20% average annual growth the industry experienced from 2003 through 2007. Continued growth is expected to be driven primarily by demand from new subscribers in emerging markets and replacement sales from the current subscriber base.

 

Our Strategy

 

Motorola seeks to be a leading supplier of wireless handsets and mobile experiences to customers globally. To accomplish this objective, our strategy is focused on improving our product portfolio to meet consumer demands and improving our financial performance. This includes transitioning to silicon and software platforms that enable us to lower costs, get to market faster and offer richer consumer experiences.

 

We have structured our mobile device product portfolio and development into four primary product segments: Mass Market, Feature, Multimedia and Productivity. Our strategy is to offer a broad array of products in each of these product segments.

 

The Mass Market product segment focuses on voice-centric devices with targeted features. While this segment is maturing in North America, Europe and parts of Asia, it is growing significantly in developing regions. To address this market, we are expanding our handset offerings around our new W Series of handsets. These handsets satisfy everyday communications needs, include targeted features and are offered at affordable price points across all regions and in both CDMA and GSM technologies. The key to our success in the Mass Market product segment is offering products at competitive price points.

 

The Feature product segment focuses on delivering iconic, fashionable phones with high-end features. During 2007, we refreshed our flagship RAZR franchise with the RAZR2, the luxurious RAZR2 V8, and a RAZR classic with video playback and a digital audio processor music player. We are focused on building an enhanced portfolio of Feature phone devices that deliver compelling 2G and 3G mobile experiences.

 

The Multimedia product segment is focused on the convergence of voice capabilities with multimedia experiences on a single mobile device. In the recent past, many of our customers have purchased and used different devices from multiple consumer electronics segments to meet their lifestyle needs. In addition to mobile phones, they use devices such as cameras, mobile music and video players, mobile gaming devices and portable navigation devices. Increasingly, these experiences will be delivered through compelling applications and services on a single device. We are developing handsets designed to strengthen our Multimedia product offerings, such as the MOTOROKR Z6 and the S9 headset, a 2008 mobile music offering. We are particularly focused on developing a broader offering of 3G products for the Multimedia product segment.

 

The Productivity product segment is growing as workforces around the world continue to demand increasingly robust wireless handsets and consumers want their email “on the go.” In 2007, we expanded our Q franchise across all regions and major technologies with the launch of the GSM Q8 and UMTS Q9h. We are planning to capitalize on new opportunities in this growing product segment.

 

Throughout each of these product segments, we have increased our focus in our accessories portfolio to deliver complete mobile experiences and to complement the features and functionalities of the wireless handsets.

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Additionally, we are expanding our accessory compatibility across all brands of wireless handsets and Bluetooth-enabled devices.

 

We are investing in next-generation technologies, such as WiMAX, HSDPA and Long Term Evolution (“LTE”). We believe a strong intellectual property portfolio is critical to our long-term success and to ensuring that we maintain a favorable strategic position in these technologies. We will continue to identify opportunities to generate licensing revenue from these investments. We also believe that innovation is critical to offering devices that demonstrate unique experiences and value propositions for consumers. As an example, in 2007 we began shipping our flagship RAZR2 devices with Crystal Talk, a proprietary technology that automatically adjusts audio quality based on ambient noise conditions to provide the optimal conversational experience. In application services, we continue to work with third parties to improve upon and develop our services and applications, which will deliver rich experiences to the customer. Motorola is committed to investing in evolving technologies to ensure that we continue to deliver enhanced and differentiated wireless handset experiences to consumers.

 

In January 2008, we announced that we are evaluating alternatives for the structural and strategic realignment of our Mobile Devices business to better equip it to recapture global market leadership and to enhance shareholder value. This may include the separation of the Mobile Devices business from Motorola’s other businesses to permit each to grow and better serve their customers.

 

Customers

 

We continue to focus on strengthening our relationships with our customers. The segment has several large customers worldwide, the loss of one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on the segment’s business. The largest of the segment’s end customers (including sales through distributors) are Sprint Nextel, AT&T, Verizon, China Mobile and America Movil. In 2007, aggregate net sales to these five customers represented approximately 42% of the segment’s net sales.

 

In addition to selling directly to carriers and operators, our Mobile Devices business also sells products through a variety of third-party distributors and retailers, which account for approximately 33% of the segment’s net sales. The largest of these distributors is Brightstar Corporation.

 

The U.S. market continued to be the segment’s largest individual market, accounting for approximately 46% of the segment’s net sales in 2007, compared to approximately 35% of the segment’s net sales in 2006. Approximately 54% of the segment’s net sales in 2007 were to markets outside the U.S., the largest of which were Brazil, China and Mexico. Compared to 2006, the segment experienced sales declines in each of its four major sales regions: Asia, the Europe, Middle East and Africa region (“EMEA”), North America and Latin America.

 

Competition

 

The segment believes its overall market share for the full year 2007 was approximately 14%, making it the third-largest worldwide supplier of wireless handsets. The segment experiences intense competition in worldwide markets from numerous global competitors, including some of the world’s largest companies, such as Nokia, Samsung, Sony-Ericsson and LG. In 2007, consolidation in the wireless handset industry slowed compared to previous years, and the five largest vendors together held an aggregate market share of approximately 83%, compared to 84% at the end of 2006. During 2007, regulatory changes in China precipitated a substantial increase in the number of manufacturers producing handsets in that market. The increased competition, primarily in the very low tier of the Mass Market product segment, has impacted shipment volumes in China for global vendors, as local vendors gained market share in the fourth quarter of 2007.

 

Major competitors in the industry are moving to applications and services as key sources of value and are increasing their focus and investments in these areas. In response, Motorola has created a global applications and services team within the Mobile Devices segment to focus on building the applications and services business.

 

General competitive factors in the market for the segment’s products include: design; time-to-market; brand awareness; technology offered; price; product proposition, performance, quality, delivery and warranty; the quality and availability of service; and relationships with key customers.

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Payment Terms

 

The segment’s customers and distributors buy from us regularly with payment terms that are competitive with current industry practices. These terms vary globally and generally range from cash-with-order to 60 days. Extended payment terms beyond 60 days are provided to customers on a limited basis. A customer’s outstanding credit at any point in time is limited to a predetermined amount as established by the Company.

 

Regulatory Matters

 

Radio frequencies are required to provide wireless services. The allocation of frequencies is regulated in the U.S. and other countries, and limited spectrum space is allocated to wireless services. The growth of the wireless and personal communications industry may be affected if adequate frequencies are not allocated or, alternatively, if new technologies are not developed to better utilize the frequencies currently allocated for such use. Industry growth may also be affected by the cost of the new licenses required to use frequencies and any related frequency relocation costs.

 

The U.S. leads the world in spectrum deregulation, allowing new wireless communications technologies to be developed and offered for sale. Examples include wireless local area network systems, such as WiFi, and wide area network systems, such as WiMAX and LTE. Other countries have also deregulated portions of their available spectrum to allow deployment of these and other new technologies, which can be offered without spectrum license costs. Deregulation may introduce new competition and new opportunities for Motorola and our customers. In addition, Mobile WiMAX was recently approved as a global IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications) standard. This action lays the foundation to further expand mobile WiMAX in key bands, making additional spectrum available globally.

 

In January 2008, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) began its auction of 700 MHz band spectrum licenses in the United States. This spectrum can carry large amounts of data across long distances and penetrate walls easier than higher frequencies, enhancing in-building coverage. The open-access conditions are intended to help foster innovation in handsets and applications, however the actual impact of the new licenses is unclear. The open access provision applies to approximately one-third of the U.S. spectrum being auctioned and prevents the licensee from blocking devices or applications that are compatible with the network.

 

Backlog

 

The segment’s backlog was $647 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2006. This decrease in backlog is primarily due to a decline in customer demand driven by gaps in the segment’s product portfolio. The 2007 backlog is believed to be generally firm and 100% of that amount is expected to be recognized as revenue in 2008. The forward-looking estimate of the firmness of such orders is subject to future events that may cause the amount recognized to change.

 

Intellectual Property Matters

 

Patent protection is extremely important to the segment’s operations. The segment has an extensive portfolio of patents relating to its products, technologies and manufacturing processes. The segment licenses certain of its patents to third parties and generates revenue from these licenses. Motorola is also licensed to use certain patents owned by others. Royalty and licensing fees vary from year to year and are subject to the terms of the agreements and sales volumes of the products subject to licenses. The protection of these licenses is also important to the segment’s operations. Reference is made to the material under the heading “Other Information” for additional information relating to patents and trademarks and research and development activities with respect to this segment.

 

Inventory, Raw Materials, Right of Return and Seasonality

 

The segment’s practice is to carry reasonable amounts of inventory in manufacturing and distribution centers in order to meet customer delivery requirements in a manner consistent with industry standards. At the end of 2007, the segment had a lower inventory balance than at the end of 2006. The decrease reflects the significant decline in sales volumes during 2007, as well as an ongoing emphasis on managing inventory levels.

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Availability of materials and components required by the segment is relatively dependable, but fluctuations in supply and market demand could cause selective shortages and affect results. We currently source certain materials and components from single vendors. Any material disruption from a single-source vendor may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

 

Energy necessary for the segment’s manufacturing facilities consists primarily of electricity and natural gas, which are currently in generally adequate supply for the segment’s operations. In addition, the cost to operate our facilities and freight costs are dependent on world oil prices, which increased significantly during 2007 and increased our manufacturing and shipping costs. Labor is generally available in reasonable proximity to the segment’s manufacturing facilities. However, difficulties in obtaining any of the aforementioned items or a significant cost increase could affect the segment’s results.

 

The segment permits returns under limited circumstances to remain competitive with current industry practices.

 

The segment typically experiences higher sales in the fourth calendar quarter and lower sales in the first calendar quarter of each year due to seasonal trends in the wireless handset industry.

 

Our Facilities/Manufacturing

 

Our headquarters is located in Libertyville, Illinois. Our other major facilities are located in Plantation, Florida; Flensburg, Germany; Singapore; Beijing, Hangzhou and Tianjin, China; Jaguariuna, Brazil; Basingstoke, England; and Chennai, India. We have recently announced our intent to exit our Flensburg, Germany facility.

 

We also use several electronics manufacturing suppliers (“EMS”) and original design manufacturers (“ODM”) to enhance our ability to lower our costs and/or deliver products that meet consumer demands in the rapidly-changing technological environment. A portion of our handsets are manufactured either completely or substantially by non-affiliated EMS and ODM manufacturers and the percentage of total manufactured unit volume with these manufacturers increased moderately from 2006 to 2007.

 

In 2007, our handsets were primarily manufactured in Asia and we expect this to continue in 2008. Our largest manufacturing facilities are located in China, Singapore and Brazil. Each of these facilities serves multiple countries and regions of the world.

 

The Home and Networks Mobility segment (“Home and Networks Mobility” or the “segment”) designs, manufactures, sells, installs and services: (i) digital video, Internet Protocol (“IP”) video and broadcast network interactive set-tops (“digital entertainment devices”), end-to-end video delivery solutions, broadband access infrastructure systems, and associated data and voice customer premise equipment (“broadband gateways”) to cable television and telecom service providers (collectively, referred to as the “home business”), and (ii) wireless access systems (“wireless networks”), including cellular infrastructure systems and wireless broadband systems, to wireless service providers. In 2007, the segment’s net sales represented 27% of the Company’s consolidated net sales.

 

Principal Products and Services

 

In the home business, the segment is a leading provider of end-to-end networks used for the delivery of video, data and voice services over hybrid fiber coaxial (“HFC”) networks, digital subscriber line (“DSL”) and passive optical networks (“PON”). Our portfolio includes: MPEG video encoding equipment for standard-definition and high-definition television (“HDTV” or “HD”); video processing and multiplexing systems; and video-on-demand, switched digital video and conditional access solutions used by network operators and programmers to deliver video programming. We provide a broad array of digital entertainment devices supporting analog, digital and IP video delivery including HD and digital video recording (“DVR”) (together, “HD/DVR”) applications. We support the delivery of high-speed data and voice services with head-end and central office equipment, along with data and voice modems and gateways for HFC and DSL networks and optical line terminals for PON networks.

 

In the wireless networks business, the segment provides end-to-end cellular networks, including radio base stations, base station controllers, associated software and services, application platforms and third-party switching for CDMA, GSM, iDEN ^® and UMTS technologies. The segment also offers a portfolio of WiMAX products to

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create mobile IP broadband access. WiMAX has the potential to make mobile bandwidth more affordable and accessible for mainstream consumer adoption.

 

Our products are marketed primarily to cable television operators, television programmers, telecom operators, wireless service providers and other communications providers worldwide and are sold primarily by our skilled sales personnel.

 

Our Industry

 

The home market is evolving rapidly as cable and telecom network operators expand their video, data and voice services (commonly known as the “triple play”) to grow their subscriber base. The competition between cable and telecom service providers is increasing. Telecom operators are expanding their broadband networks and beginning to offer advanced video and data services using IPTV and PON technologies. Cable operators are responding by expanding their investment in HD programming, bundling voice-over-IP services, expanding their broadband data service through Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications (“DOCSIS”) 3.0 channel bonding, and maximizing utilization of network bandwidth using switched digital video.

 

Our home business is subject to regulation by the FCC in the United States and other governmental communication regulators throughout the world. On July 1, 2007, regulations enacted by the FCC became effective, requiring separation of security functionality from cable set-tops. A full two-way security interface continues to be refined. Once developed and implemented, these changes are expected to increase competition and encourage the sale of set-tops and integrated devices, such as televisions and DVRs, that will allow retail customers direct access to programming. Traditionally, service providers have leased digital entertainment devices to their customers.

 

In the wireless networks market, the majority of installed cellular infrastructure systems are based on CDMA, GSM, UMTS and iDEN technologies. We supply systems based on each of these technologies and are the sole supplier of proprietary iDEN networks. Advanced infrastructure systems based on these technologies include GPRS, CDMA-1X and EDGE. In addition, some segments of the cellular infrastructure industry have installed, or are in the process of migrating to, 3G networks, which are high-capacity radio access wireless networks providing enhanced data services, improved Internet access and increased voice capacity. The primary 3G technologies are W-CDMA (based on either UMTS or Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (“FOMA”) technologies) and CDMA2000 1xEVDO. We supply 3G systems based on UMTS and CDMA 2000 1xEVDO technologies. An additional 3G technology standard is TD-SCDMA, driven primarily by the Chinese government and local Chinese vendors. We expect 3G licenses to be awarded in China during 2008.

 

Industry standards bodies are in the process of defining the next generation of wireless broadband systems after 3G. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”) is currently developing fixed and mobile broadband standards (802.16d and 802.16e) based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (“OFDM”) technology, which will utilize wider channels and enable triple play services (voice, data, video). Based upon developments in the 802.16e standard, we expect to see the WiMAX market begin to develop in 2008 as several WiMAX networks come on-line and devices utilizing these networks become widely available. We are an early leader in next-generation wireless broadband products, including WiMAX technology.

 

The International Telecommunications Union (“ITU”) is also adopting next-generation cellular wireless access standards (“4G”) for the cellular infrastructure industry, also based on OFDM technology and known commonly as Long Term Evolution (“LTE”). LTE has widespread industry support, not only from current GSM/UMTS operators, but also from CDMA/EV-DO based carriers. Motorola has been chosen as a trial supplier for a joint Verizon/Vodafone LTE trial that is currently underway.

 

Licensing bodies of governments around the world are making spectrum available for advanced wireless technologies, including 4G, in recognition of growing demand for wireless broadband services. Currently, Motorola estimates that there are over 1,200 licenses available worldwide for advanced wireless technologies, such as 802.16e, with over 800 licenses outside North America.

 

Demand for our products depends primarily on: (i) capital spending by providers of cellular and broadband services for constructing, rebuilding or upgrading their communications systems, and (ii) the marketing of advanced communications services by those providers. The amount of spending by these providers, and therefore a majority of our sales and profitability, are affected by a variety of factors, including: (i) the continuing trend of consolidation within the cable, wireline and wireless industries, (ii) the financial condition of operators and alternative providers, including their access to financing, (iii) technological developments, (iv) standardization

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efforts that impact the deployment of new equipment, (v) new legislation and regulations affecting the equipment sold by the segment, and (vi) general economic conditions.

 

In 2007, the home business benefited from increased spending by operators on our products due to the increase in video and data subscribers and the deployment of advanced video platforms by cable operators for HD/DVR applications, as well as from spending by telecom operators upgrading their networks and adding video services. We expect this industry to continue to grow in 2008, driven by continued expansion of broadband network capacity and services.

 

In 2007, the overall market for traditional CDMA wireless networks was relatively flat and the overall markets for GSM and iDEN wireless networks were down. Forecasted industry trends point to a decline in the CDMA, GSM and iDEN markets in 2008 as next-generation 3G and WiMAX wireless networks are deployed. Sales in the overall wireless network market are expected to be flat, or up slightly, in 2008.

 

Our Strategy

 

The Home and Networks Mobility segment is focused on leadership in next-generation broadband solutions to accelerate the delivery of personal media experiences. Key elements in the segment’s strategy include: (i) providing for seamless convergence of services and applications across delivery platforms within the home and across wireline and wireless networks, (ii) innovating and optimizing our end-to-end network portfolio, and (iii) developing new services that leverage our platforms to provide revenue-generating applications and services to our operator customers while enabling consumers to experience media mobility.

 

In the home business, we are focused on accelerating the rate of digital penetration by broadband operators in North America through an enhanced suite of digital entertainment devices. These products include basic models supporting the industry movement to all-digital delivery and advanced units supporting HD/DVR functions. We are capitalizing on telecom operators decisions to offer IPTV to their subscribers globally, with products that support delivery of video content using both copper-outside-plant and fiber-to-the-premises (“FTTP”) networks. During the year, the segment continued to provide video infrastructure, FTTP access network equipment and advanced digital entertainment devices for the launch of Verizon’s FiOS service and is supplying IP interactive set-tops to leading telecommunication companies around the world, including AT&T, SingTel and Telia Sonera.

 

We are also enhancing and expanding our voice and data portfolio to offer end-to-end solutions for fixed-mobile convergence and next-generation converged IP-based voice, data and video delivery. These solutions include: (i) broadband gateways with support for handing off a mobile voice or data call to a carrier’s VoIP or data network, and (ii) next-generation infrastructure products enhancing our cable modem termination system (“CMTS”) and PON platforms to expand the bandwidth delivered to a home or business. We developed our first Femtocell gateway in 2007, which enables consumers to connect to a wireless service provider’s network via a DSL or cable broadband connection. We are also an industry leader in broadband infrastructure solutions, introducing DOCSIS 3.0 channel bonding on our CMTS and cable modems and commercially deploying our Gigabit PON platform.

 

In order to enhance our strategy, as well as increase our offerings to wireline carriers, we have completed several strategic acquisitions. During 2007, we completed the acquisition of Netopia, Inc., a broadband equipment provider for DSL customers, which allows for phone, TV and fast Internet connections. We also acquired: (i) Tut Systems, Inc., a leading developer of edge routing and video encoders; (ii) Terayon Communication Systems, Inc., a provider of real-time digital video networking applications to cable, satellite and telecommunication service providers worldwide; (iii) Modulus Video, Inc., a provider of MPEG-4 Advanced Coding compression systems designed for delivery of high-value video content in the IP set-top devices for the digital video, broadcast and satellite marketplaces; and (iv) Leapstone Systems, Inc., a provider of intelligent multimedia service delivery and content management solutions to networks operators. These acquisitions enhance our ability to: (i) provide complete solutions to operators as they deploy advanced services, (ii) assist operators in growing their on-demand content offerings, deploying switched digital video technology, and enabling targeted advertising solutions, and (iii) provide end-to-end video solutions to wireline and wireless operators as they add video to their service offerings.

 

In the wireless networks business, the segment is investing to be a leader in next-generation wireless broadband technologies with its WiMAX solution. Because of its projected quicker time to market, expected lower cost and expected superior performance, the WiMAX wireless broadband technology, which is based on the IEEE standard 802.16e, represents a compelling offering for existing operators and emerging broadband service providers. In 2007, the segment delivered WiMAX network equipment to Wateen Telecom in Pakistan and Sprint Nextel and Clearwire in the United States. In addition, at the end of 2007, the segment was participating in over

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40 WiMAX trials globally. The segment is also leveraging its WiMAX investment to develop its LTE solution. Vodafone and Verizon have launched a coordinated LTE trial in 2008. Motorola has been selected as a supplier to support this trial with both infrastructure equipment and handsets.

 

Customers

 

The largest of the segment’s customers are Comcast, Verizon, KDDI (a service provider in Japan), China Mobile and Sprint Nextel. In 2007, aggregate net sales to these five customers represented approximately 43% of the segment’s net sales. The loss of any of the segment’s large customers could have a material adverse effect on the segment’s business. Further, because many of these contracts are long-term, the loss of a major customer could impact revenue and earnings over several quarters. Although sales in North America continued to account for a majority of the segment’s sales, 48% of the segment’s net sales in 2007 were outside North America. The segment experienced sales increases in all geographic regions in 2007 compared to 2006.

 

Competition

 

The businesses in which the segment operates are highly competitive. The rapid technological changes occurring in each of the markets in which the segment competes are expected to lead to the entry of many new competitors. Competitive factors in the market for the segment’s products and systems include: technology offered; product and system performance; price; features; quality; delivery and availability. We believe that we are competitively positioned because of our solid relationships with major communication system operators worldwide, our technological leadership and our new product development capabilities. Price is a major area of competition and often impacts margins for initial system bids, particularly in emerging markets. Time-to-market has also been an important competitive factor, especially for new systems and technologies.

 

We compete worldwide in the market for digital entertainment devices for broadband networks. Based on 2007 annual sales, we believe we are the leading provider of digital cable and IPTV set-tops in North America. Our digital cable and IPTV set-tops compete with products from a number of different companies, including: (i) those that develop and sell products that are distributed by direct broadcast satellite service providers through retail channels, (ii) those that develop, manufacture and sell products of their own design, and (iii) those that license technology from us or other competitors. In North America, our largest competitor is Cisco. Other competitors in North America include ARRIS, Ericsson (which entered the market in 2007 via the acquisition of Tandberg) and Harmonic, Inc. Outside of North America, where we have a smaller market position, we compete with many equipment suppliers, including several consumer electronics companies.

 

The traditional competitive environment in the North American cable market continues to evolve. On July 1, 2007, regulations enacted by the FCC became effective requiring separation of security functionality from set-tops. To meet this requirement, we provide security modules to cable operators for use with both our own and third-party set-tops. A full two-way security interface specification continues to be refined. Once developed and implemented, these changes are expected to increase competition and encourage the sale of set-tops and integrated devices, such as televisions and DVRs, that will allow retail customers direct access to programming. Traditionally, cable service providers have leased the set-top to their customers.

 

We also compete worldwide in the market for broadband data and voice products. We believe that we are the leading provider of cable modems worldwide, competing with a number of consumer electronic companies and various original design manufacturers worldwide.

 

In the wireless networks market, there is widespread competition from numerous competitors, ranging from some of the world’s largest diversified companies to foreign, state-owned telecommunications companies to many small, specialized firms. Ericsson is the market leader, followed by the Nokia-Siemens joint venture, Alcatel-Lucent, and two vendors with similar market share, Motorola and Nortel. Huawei, Samsung, NEC and ZTE are also significant competitors.

 

The segment’s wireless networks business is confronting several factors that could impact its business, including price competition, continuing consolidation among competitor telecommunications equipment providers, a decline in our proprietary iDEN business, and vendor financing by competitors as customers continue to look to vendors as an additional source of financing. The market for GSM access systems has become particularly price competitive resulting in significant declines in gross margins in the market for those systems during 2006 and 2007.

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Payment Terms

 

Payment terms vary worldwide, depending on the arrangement. Contracts for wireless networks typically include implementation milestones, such as delivery, installation and system acceptance, which generally take 30 to 180 days to complete. Invoicing the customer is dependent on the completion of the milestone. Customer payments are generally due 30 to 60 days from the invoice date, and are typically limited to 90 days in regions outside North America.

 

As required for competitive reasons, extended payment terms are provided to customers from time-to-time on a limited basis. The segment’s payment terms are consistent with industry practice as many of our contracts are awarded through a competitive bid process.

 

Regulatory Matters

 

Many of our products are subject to regulation by the FCC in the United States and other communications regulatory agencies around the world. In addition, our customers, and their networks into which our products are incorporated, are subject to government regulation. Government regulatory policies affecting either the willingness or the ability of cable and telecom operators, wireless operators and wireline operators to offer certain services, or the terms on which these operators offer the services and conduct their business, may have a material adverse affect on the segment’s results. Motorola has developed products using trunking and data communications technologies to enhance spectral efficiencies. The growth and results of the wireless communications industry may be affected by regulations relating to the access to allocated spectrum for wireless communications users, especially in urban areas where spectrum is heavily used.

 

Historically, reception of digital television programming from a cable broadband network has required a set-top with security technology. This security technology has limited the availability of set-tops to those manufactured by a few cable network manufacturers, including Motorola. FCC regulations requiring separation of security functionality from set-tops that are aimed at increasing competition and encouraging the sale of set-tops in the retail market became effective for most customers on July 1, 2007. Traditionally, cable service providers sold or leased their set-top to their customer. As the retail market develops for set-tops and televisions capable of accepting the security modules, sales of our set-tops may be negatively impacted.

 

The U.S. leads the world in spectrum deregulation, allowing new wireless communications technologies to be developed and offered for sale. Examples include wireless local area network systems, such as WiFi, and wide area network systems, such as WiMAX and LTE. Other countries have also deregulated portions of their available spectrum to allow deployment of these and other technologies which can be offered without spectrum license costs. Deregulation may introduce new competition and new opportunities for Motorola and our customers.

 

As more fully described under “Enterprise Mobility Solutions — Regulatory Matters” beginning on page 13 of this Form 10-K, as television transmission and reception technology transitions from analog to more efficient digital modes, various countries around the world are examining, and in some cases already pursuing, the redevelopment of portions of the television spectrum. Certain segments of the spectrum that have historically been utilized for analog television have now been designated to support new commercial communications systems and, therefore, are expected to generate new business opportunities for Motorola in wireless and video technologies. In the U.S., the FCC has begun the auction of spectrum in the 700 MHz band that will be reclaimed by the government in February 2009. License for this spectrum may be used for flexible fixed, mobile and broadcast applications. Although the auction winners will determine the best utilization of the acquired spectrum, both LTE and WiMAX are candidates for technology selection. In addition, a contiguous portion of this spectrum has generated interest for mobile TV applications.

 

Backlog

 

The segment’s backlog was $2.6 billion at December 31, 2007, compared to $3.2 billion at December 31, 2006. The 2007 order backlog is believed to be generally firm and 100% of that amount is expected to be recognized as revenue during 2008. The forward-looking estimate of the firmness of such orders is subject to future events that may cause the amount recognized to change.

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Intellectual Property Matters

 

Patent protection is extremely important to the segment’s operations. The segment has an extensive portfolio of patents relating to its products, systems, technologies and manufacturing processes.

 

The segment seeks to build upon our core enabling technologies, such as digital compression, encryption and conditional access systems, and wireless air-interface technology in order to lead worldwide growth in the market for wired and wireless communications networks. Our policy is to protect our proprietary position by, among other methods, filing U.S. and foreign patent applications to protect technology and improvements that we consider important to the development of our business. We also rely on our proprietary knowledge and ongoing technological innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position, and will periodically seek to include our proprietary technologies in certain patent pools that support the implementation of standards. We are a founder of MPEG LA, the patent licensing authority established to foster broad deployment of MPEG-2 compliant systems. In addition, we have licensed our digital conditional access technology, DigiCipher ^® II, to other equipment suppliers and have formed joint ventures with Comcast for development and licensing of conditional access technology.

 

We also enter into other license agreements, both as licensor and licensee, covering certain products and processes with various companies. These license agreements require the payment of certain royalties that are not expected to be material to the segment’s financial results. Royalty and licensing fees vary from year to year and are subject to the terms of the agreements and sales volumes of the products subject to licenses. Reference is made to the material under the heading “Other Information” for information relating to patents and trademarks and research and development activities with respect to this segment.

 

Inventory, Raw Materials, Right of Return and Seasonality

 

The segment’s practice is to carry reasonable amounts of inventory in order to meet customer delivery requirements in a manner consistent with industry standards. At the end of 2007, the segment had lower inventory balances than at the end of 2006, primarily due to the completion of significant project milestones and the sale of the embedded communications computing business.

 

Availability of materials and components required by the segment is relatively dependable, but fluctuations in supply and market demand could cause selective shortages and affect results. We currently source certain materials and components from single vendors. Any material disruption from a single-source vendor may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

 

Natural gas, electricity, and, to a lesser extent, oil are the primary sources of energy required for our manufacturing operations, which are currently in generally adequate supply for the segments operations. In addition, the cost to operate our facilities and freight costs are dependent on world oil prices, which increased significantly during 2007 and increased our manufacturing and shipping costs. Labor is generally available in reasonable proximity to the segment’s manufacturing facilities. However, difficulties in obtaining any of the aforementioned items or a significant cost increase could affect the segment’s results.

 

Generally, we do not permit customers to return products, other than under standard warranty provisions. The segment has not experienced seasonal buying patterns for its products.

 

Our Facilities/Manufacturing

 

Our headquarters is located in Horsham, Pennsylvania. Major design, integration, manufacturing and distribution centers are located in: Arlington Heights and Schaumburg, Illinois; Chandler, Arizona; Fort Worth, Texas; Taipei, Taiwan; Nogales, Mexico; Bangalore, India; Swindon, England; Hangzhou and Tianjin, China; and Penang, Malaysia. In addition to our own manufacturing, we utilize non-affiliated electronics manufacturing suppliers and original design manufacturers, primarily in Asia, in order to enhance our ability to lower costs and/or deliver products that meet consumer demands.

 

The Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment (“Enterprise Mobility Solutions” or the “segment”) designs, manufactures, sells, installs and services analog and digital two-way radio, voice and data communications products and systems for private networks, wireless broadband systems and end-to-end enterprise mobility

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solutions to a wide range of enterprise markets, including government and public safety agencies (which, together with all sales to distributors of two-way communication products, is referred to as the “government and public safety market”), as well as retail, utility, transportation, manufacturing, healthcare and other commercial customers (which, collectively, are referred to as the “commercial enterprise market”). In 2007, the segment’s net sales represented 21% of the Company’s consolidated net sales.

 

Principal Products and Services

 

In the government and public safety market, we are the leading provider of advanced mission-critical systems worldwide, with more than 65 years of experience in custom, rugged devices; public safety-grade private networks; sophisticated encryption technology; interoperable voice and broadband data; and complex network design, optimization and implementation services. In the commercial enterprise market, we are a global leader in end-to-end enterprise mobility solutions. Our products and solutions capture, move and manage information in real time to assist our customers in making more efficient business decisions. Our products include advanced data capture products, mobile computing platforms and software management tools, wireless infrastructure, and radio frequency identification (“RFID”) infrastructure and tags, and are sold as both integrated solutions and individual devices.

 

The segment’s products are sold through Motorola’s direct sales force and through independent and authorized distributors, dealers and value-added resellers, original equipment manufacturers, service operators and independent commission sales representatives. Distributors and value-added resellers may provide a service or add components in order to resell our product to end users. The segment’s distribution organization provides systems engineering and installation and other technical and systems management services to meet its customers’ particular needs. The customer may also choose to install and maintain the equipment with its own employees, or may obtain installation, service and parts from a network of the segment’s authorized service stations or from other non-Motorola service stations.

 

Our Industry

 

We compete in the mobile segment of the communications industry, providing wireless equipment infrastructure and services to public safety, government and enterprise customers.

 

Within our government and public safety market, interoperability and natural disaster preparedness continue to be important issues for our customers worldwide. We expect this industry to grow in the mid-to-high single digit percentage range in 2008, consistent with previous years. Our extensive portfolio of products includes advanced solutions for each of the major standards-based private network technologies, APCO 25 (Association for Public Safety Communications Officials) and TETRA (terrestrial trunked radio), as well as biometrics and wireless broadband applications. We expect sales to continue to grow worldwide as demand for integrated, interoperable public safety communications increases. As new and better spectrum utilization evolves, we expect to see more demand and greater potential for data applications, such as video surveillance and other data-based products, in 2008 and beyond.

 

Within our commercial enterprise market, we believe there is a significant growth opportunity as the global workforce continues to become more mobile and the industries and markets that purchase our products continue to expand. The markets in which Motorola competes include enterprise wireless infrastructure, mobile computing solutions, bar code scanning, RFID solutions and mobile network management platforms. Organizations looking to increase productivity and derive benefits from mobilizing their applications and workforces are driving growth in this market, which we expect to be in the high single digits in 2008. With the acquisition of Symbol Technologies, Inc. (“Symbol”) in January 2007, Motorola is well positioned to compete effectively in the enterprise space.

 

Our Strategy

 

Motorola has been a leading provider of mission-critical systems in the government and public safety market worldwide for more than 65 years. The acquisition of Symbol is the cornerstone of the segment’s strategy to expand its leadership into the commercial enterprise market. We are using our combined scale to maintain and expand our leadership position in these markets worldwide by uniting the two companies’ adjacent assets, intellectual property, customer and supplier bases, and industry-leading products. The combination of our direct sales and indirect channel partners provides significant distribution advantages in each of the markets we serve.

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In the government and public safety market, our objective is to maintain our leading position as the market and technology evolves. Key strategies include: (i) continuing investment in our analog radio portfolio while leading the ongoing migration to digital products, (ii) leveraging our wireless broadband portfolio to drive growth and enter new markets, (iii) managing the anticipated public/private convergence planned for potential 700MHz public safety systems in the U.S., and (iv) continuing to lead the market for APCO 25 and TETRA standards-based voice and data networking systems around the world.

 

In the commercial enterprise market, our strategy is to deliver products and solutions that are designed to increase cost effectiveness, enhance efficiency and promote faster execution of critical business processes. Key strategies include offering a comprehensive portfolio of products and services to help businesses: (i) streamline their supply chains, (ii) improve customer service in the field, (iii) increase data collection accuracy, and (iv) enhance worker productivity.

 

Customers

 

Our products and services are sold worldwide to a diverse set of customers, including government and public safety agencies (police, fire, and emergency management services) and militaries, as well as retail, utility, transportation and logistics, manufacturing, wholesale and distribution, healthcare and other commercial customers. Our sales model emphasizes both direct sales by our in-house sales force and indirect sales through our channel of value-added resellers and distributors. We believe this dual sales approach allows us to meet customer needs effectively, build strong, lasting relationships and broaden our penetration across various markets. Our channel sales force allows us to increase revenues by extending the reach of our products and solutions to meet demand in market segments where our direct sales force does not sell. Resellers and distributors each have their own sales organizations which complement and extend our sales organization. With deep expertise about specific customers’ operations, resellers can be very effective in promoting sales of Motorola products. We believe this tiered distribution approach will allow us to achieve our goal of maintaining gross margin over time, as we drive greater scale from shipping more efficiently through better management of our supply chain.

 

The largest of the segment’s customers are the U.S. Government, Scansource, IBM, Ingram Micro and Wal-Mart. In 2007, aggregate net sales to these five customers represented approximately 19% of the segment’s net sales. The loss of any of the segment’s largest customers may have a material adverse effect on the segment’s business. Further, because some of these contracts are long-term, the loss of a major customer could impact revenue and earnings over several quarters. Net sales to customers in North America represented 62% of the segment’s net sales in 2007.

 

A majority of our sales were made directly through our in-house sales force. However, as noted above, a significant portion of our sales are made through resellers and distributors. Our largest resellers and distributors are Scansource, IBM and Ingram Micro, which primarily sell to the commercial enterprise market.

 

Competition

 

The businesses in which we operate are highly competitive. Continued evolution in the industry, as well as technological migration, is opening up the market to increased competition. Other key competitive factors include: technology offered; price; payment terms; availability of vendor financing; product and system performance; product features, quality, delivery, availability and warranty; the quality and availability of service; company image; relationship with key customers; and time-to-market. We believe we are uniquely positioned in the industry due to our strong customer relationships, our technological leadership and capabilities, and our range of offerings.

 

The segment experiences widespread competition in the government and public safety market from a growing number of new and existing competitors. In this market, the segment provides communications and information systems compliant with both existing industry digital standards, APCO 25 and TETRA. Major competitors include: M/A-Com, EADS Telecommunications, Kenwood, EF Johnson, Cisco and large system integrators.

 

Competitors in this segment may also serve as a subcontractor to a large system integrator and are selected based on a number of competitive factors and customer requirements. The segment is managing the impact of system integrators seeking to move further into the public safety area, specifically in the federal government market. Several other competitive factors may have an impact on the business, including: the consolidation among telecommunications equipment providers; evolving developments in the 700 MHz band, and increasing encroachment by broadband and IP solution providers. As demand for fully-integrated voice, data and broadband systems continues, the segment may face additional competition from public telecommunications carriers.

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The commercial enterprise market is highly competitive and acutely influenced by advances in technology, industry standards, product improvements, new product introductions and price competition. Many firms are engaged in the manufacturing and marketing of products in bar code reading equipment, wireless networks and mobile computing devices. Numerous companies, including present manufacturers of scanners, lasers, optical instruments, microprocessors, wireless networks, notebook computers, handheld devices and telephonic and other communication devices, have the technical potential to compete with the segment. Competitors such as Intermec, Cisco and Nokia deliver products in certain parts of the commercial enterprise market.

 

Payment Terms

 

Payment terms vary worldwide. Generally, contract payment terms range from 30 to 60 days from the invoice date within North America and are typically limited to 90 days in regions outside North America. A portion of the contracts in the government and public safety market include implementation milestones, such as delivery, installation and system acceptance, which generally take 30 to 180 days to complete. Invoicing the customer is dependent on the completion of the milestone.

 

We generally do not grant extended payment terms. As required for competitive reasons, we may provide or work with third-party lenders to arrange for long-term financing in connection with equipment purchases. Financing may cover all or a portion of the purchase price.

 

Regulatory Matters

 

The use of wireless voice, data and video communications systems requires radio spectrum, which is regulated by governmental agencies throughout the world. In the U.S., the FCC and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (“NTIA”) regulate spectrum use by non-federal entities and federal entities, respectively. Similarly, countries around the world have one or more regulatory bodies that define and implement the rules for use of the radio spectrum, pursuant to their respective national laws and international coordination under the International Telecommunications Union (“ITU”). Consequently, the business and results of this segment could be affected by the rules and regulations adopted by the FCC, NTIA or regulatory agencies in other countries from time to time. The availability of additional radio spectrum may provide new business opportunities. Regulatory changes in current spectrum bands may also provide opportunities or may require modifications to some of our products so they can continue to be manufactured and marketed.

 

The segment manufactures and markets products in spectrum bands already made available by regulatory bodies. These include voice and data infrastructure, mobile radios and portable or handheld units. Our products span the public safety, enterprise, commercial and consumer markets and operate both on licensed and unlicensed spectrum. In addition, new spectrum bands and modified regulations provide possible opportunities for new business.

 

As television transmission and reception technology transitions from analog to more efficient digital modes, various countries around the world are examining, and in some cases already pursuing, the redevelopment of portions of the television spectrum. In the U.S., pursuant to federal legislation, analog television stations must cease operation in the broadcast television spectrum by February 17, 2009. The soon-to-be available spectrum that has historically been utilized for analog television (the so-called “digital dividend” spectrum) can provide new opportunities for Motorola and for our competitors. In parallel, 108 MHz of spectrum historically used for broadcast television is being redeveloped for new uses, including broadband and narrowband wireless communications. Under rules adopted by the FCC, this portion of the spectrum under redevelopment (the 700 MHz band) will support new commercial and public safety communications systems. As of February 2008, approximately 40 public safety customers are already implementing narrowband 700 MHz systems in areas where television incumbency is not an issue. Additional agencies are expected to deploy systems as broadcast television is cleared from the 700 MHz band. The FCC also has made provisions for a 700 MHz band nationwide public safety broadband network to be built over the next 10 years. In addition, segments of the spectrum are being auctioned for commercial use and Motorola could see new business opportunities as auction winners implement broadband systems on that spectrum.

 

Internationally, the ITU World Radio Conference held in Geneva in November 2007 identified spectrum that could be made available as part of a “digital dividend” as television transitions from analog to digital technology globally. Countries around the world are studying the potential size, timing and use of this potentially available spectrum. In November 2007, the European Commission issued a statement promoting a common European approach to its use. The United Kingdom has already decided to redevelop spectrum as a result of the digital

14

transition and is making available 112 MHz of spectrum through auctions. Canada recently released a consultation requesting industry input on making additional spectrum available for public safety use in the 700 MHz band. A number of other countries around the world have also indicated their intention to pursue the availability of digital dividend spectrum.

 

A global focus on enhancing security and “connecting the unconnected” is providing new opportunities for Motorola’s wireless broadband and RFID products. In addition to offering products that operate in licensed broadband, Motorola offers wireless broadband solutions that operate in bands where no license is required, providing an economical means for enhancing connectivity in developing countries. Government funding to enhance connectivity in African countries is fueling new opportunities for these products. Likewise, interest in strengthening border security and global tracking and security of products provides greater opportunities for Motorola’s RFID products.

 

In addition, some of our operations use substances regulated under various federal, state, local and international laws governing the environment and worker health and safety, including those governing the discharge of pollutants into the ground, air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes and the cleanup of contaminated sites. Certain of our products are subject to various federal, state, local and international laws governing chemical substances in electronic products.

 

Backlog

 

The segment’s backlog was $2.3 billion as of December 31, 2007, compared to $2.0 billion as of December 31, 2006. The 2007 order backlog is believed to be generally firm and approximately 74% of that amount is expected to be recognized as revenue during 2008. The forward-looking estimate of the firmness of such orders is subject to future events that may cause the amount recognized to change.

 

Intellectual Property Matters

 

Patent protection is extremely important to the segment’s operations. The segment has an extensive U.S. and international portfolio of patents relating to its products, systems, technologies and manufacturing processes, including recent research developments in scanning, information collection, network communications and network management. We have also filed additional patent applications in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office as well as in foreign patent offices.

 

The segment licenses some of its patents to third parties and this revenue is not significant. Motorola is also licensed to use certain patents owned by others. Royalty and licensing fees vary from year to year and are subject to the terms of the agreements and sales volumes of the products subject to licenses.

 

We actively participate in the development of open standards for interoperable, mission-critical digital two-way radio systems. We have published our technology and licensed patents to signatories of the industry’s two primary memorandums of understanding defined by the Telecommunications Industry Association (“TIA”) Project 25 and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (“ETSI”) Terrestrial Trunked Radio (“TETRA”).

 

Notwithstanding the expiration of certain patents and the resulting potential for increased competition for certain of our products in the future, we believe that our extensive patent portfolio will continue to provide us with a competitive advantage. Furthermore, we believe we are not dependent upon a single patent, or a few patents. Our success depends more upon our proprietary know-how, innovative skills, technical competence and marketing abilities. In addition, because of changing technology, our present intention is not to rely primarily on patents or other intellectual property rights to protect or establish our market position. However, the segment continues to litigate against competitors to enforce its intellectual property rights in certain technologies and is currently involved in several such lawsuits. Reference is made to the material under the heading “Other Information” for information relating to patents and trademarks and research and development activities with respect to this segment.

 

Inventory, Raw Materials, Right of Return and Seasonality

 

The segment’s practice is to carry reasonable amounts of inventory to meet customers’ delivery requirements in a manner consistent with industry standards. The segment provides custom products which requires the stocking of inventories and large varieties of piece parts and replacement parts in order to meet delivery and warranty requirements. To the extent suppliers’ product life cycles are shorter than the segment’s, stocking of lifetime buy

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inventories is required to meet long-term warranty and contractual requirements. In addition, replacement parts are stocked for delivery on customer demand within a short delivery cycle. At the end of 2007, the segment had a higher inventory balance than at the end of 2006, primarily as a result of the acquisition of Symbol during 2007.

 

Availability of materials and components required by the segment is relatively dependable, but fluctuations in supply and market demand could cause selective shortages and affect results. We currently source certain materials and components from single vendors. Any material disruption from a single-source vendor may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

 

Natural gas, electricity and, to a lesser extent, oil are the primary sources of energy for the segment’s operations, which are currently in generally adequate supply for the segment’s operations. In addition, the cost to operate our facilities and freight costs are dependent on world oil prices, which increased significantly during 2007 and increased our manufacturing and shipping costs. Labor is generally available in reasonable proximity to the segment’s manufacturing facilities. However, difficulties in obtaining any of these items or a significant cost increase could affect the segment’s results.

 

Generally, the segment’s contracts do not include a right of return, other than for standard warranty provisions. For new product introductions in our government and public safety market, we may enter into milestone contracts providing that the product could be returned if we do not achieve the milestones. Due to buying patterns in the markets we serve, sales tend to be somewhat higher in the fourth quarter.

 

Our Facilities/Manufacturing

 

Our primary offices are located in Schaumburg, Illinois and Holtsville, New York. Major design, integration, manufacturing and distribution centers are located in: Holtsville, New York; Schaumburg, Illinois; Basingstoke, England; Arad, Israel; Tianjin, China; Taunusstein and Berlin, Germany; Reynosa, Mexico; McAllen, Texas; Brno, Czech Republic; and Penang, Malaysia. In addition to our own manufacturing, we utilize non-affiliated electronics manufacturing suppliers, primarily in Asia, in order to enhance our ability to lower costs and deliver products that meet consumer demands.

 

2007 Change in Organizational Structure.   Effective as of the second quarter of 2007, the Company realigned its operating business segments into the following: (i) Mobile Devices, (ii) Home and Networks Mobility, and (iii) Enterprise Mobility Solutions.

 

Financial Information About Segments.   The response to this section of Item 1 incorporates by reference Note 11, “Information by Segment and Geographic Region,” of Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this document.

 

Customers.   Motorola has several large customers, the loss of one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company. Motorola’s largest end customers (including sales through distributors) are Sprint Nextel, Verizon, China Mobile, AT&T and America Movil. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s net sales in 2007.

 

Approximately 2% of Motorola’s net sales in 2007 were to various branches and agencies, including the armed services, of the U.S. Government. All contracts with the U.S. Government are subject to cancellation at the convenience of the Government.

 

Government contractors, including Motorola, are routinely subjected to numerous audits and investigations, which may be either civil or criminal in nature. The consequences of these audits and investigations may include administrative action to suspend business dealings with the contractor and to exclude it from receiving new business. In addition, Motorola, like other contractors, reviews aspects of its government contracting operations, and, where appropriate, takes corrective actions and makes voluntary disclosures to the U.S. Government. These audits and investigations could adversely affect Motorola’s ability to obtain new business from the U.S. Government.

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Backlog.   Motorola’s aggregate backlog position for all Motorola segments, as of the end of the last two fiscal years was approximately as follows:

 

 

Except as previously discussed in this Item 1, the orders supporting the 2007 backlog amounts shown in the foregoing table are believed to be generally firm, and approximately 89% of the backlog on hand at December 31, 2007 is expected to be recognized as revenue in 2008. The forward-looking estimate of the firmness of such orders is subject to future events that may cause the amount recognized to change.

 

Research and Development.   Motorola’s business segments participate in very competitive industries with constant changes in technology. Throughout its history, Motorola has relied, and continues to rely, primarily on its research and development (“R&D”) programs for the development of new products, and on its production engineering capabilities for the improvement of existing products. Technical data and product application ideas are exchanged among Motorola’s business segments on a regular basis. Management believes, looking forward, that Motorola’s commitment to R&D programs should allow each of its segments to remain competitive.

 

R&D expenditures relating to new product development or product improvement were $4.4 billion in 2007, compared to $4.1 billion in 2006 and $3.6 billion in 2005. R&D expenditures increased 8% in 2007 as compared to 2006, after increasing 14% in 2006 as compared to 2005. Motorola continues to believe that a strong commitment to research and development is required to drive long-term growth. Approximately 27,000 professional employees were engaged in such R&D activities during 2007.

 

Patents and Trademarks.   Motorola seeks to obtain patents and trademarks to protect our proprietary position whenever possible and practical. As of December 31, 2007, Motorola, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries owned approximately 10,064 utility and design patents in the U.S. and 12,914 patents in foreign countries. These foreign patents are mostly counterparts of Motorola’s U.S. patents, but a number result from research conducted outside the U.S. and are originally filed in the country of origin. During 2007, Motorola, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries were granted 696 U.S. utility and design patents. Many of the patents owned by Motorola are used in its operations or licensed for use by others, and Motorola is licensed to use certain patents owned by others. Royalty and licensing fees vary from year to year and are subject to the terms of the agreements and sales volumes of the products subject to licenses.

Environmental Quality.   Compliance with federal, state and local laws regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, has no material effect on capital expenditures, earnings or the competitive position of Motorola.

Employees.   At December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, there were approximately 66,000 employees of Motorola and its subsidiaries.

Financial Information About Geographic Areas.   The response to this section of Item 1 incorporates by reference Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies” and Note 11, “Information by Segment and Geographic Region” of Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this document, the “Results of Operations—2007 Compared to 2006” and “Results of Operations—2006 Compared to 2005” sections of Part II, “Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item A: Risk Factors” of this document.

 

We make available free of charge through our website, www.motorola.com/investor, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, other reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange

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Commission (“SEC”). Our reports are also available free of charge on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. Also available free of charge on our website are the following corporate governance documents:

 

 

All of our reports and corporate governance documents may also be obtained without charge by contacting Investor Relations, Motorola, Inc., Corporate Offices, 1303 East Algonquin Road, Schaumburg, Illinois 60196, E-mail: investors@motorola.com , phone: 1-800-262-8509. Our Internet website and the information contained therein or incorporated therein are not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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We have taken, and continue to take, cost-reduction actions. Our ability to complete these actions and the impact of such actions on our business may be limited by a variety of factors. The cost-reduction actions, in turn, may expose us to additional production risk and have an adverse effect on our sales and profitability.

 

We have been reducing costs and simplifying our product portfolios in all of our businesses. We have discontinued product lines, exited businesses, consolidated manufacturing operations, increased manufacturing with third parties and reduced our employee population.

 

The impact of these cost-reduction actions on our sales and profitability may be influenced by factors including, but not limited to: (i) our ability to successfully complete these ongoing efforts; (ii) our ability to generate the level of cost savings we expect or that are necessary to enable us to effectively compete; (iii) delays in implementation of anticipated workforce reductions in highly-regulated locations outside of the United States, particularly in Europe and Asia; (iv) decreases in employee morale and the failure to meet operational targets due to the loss of employees; (v) our ability to retain or recruit key employees; (vi) the adequacy of our manufacturing capacity, including capacity provided by third parties; and (vii) the performance of other parties under contract manufacturing arrangements on which we rely for the manufacture of certain products, parts and components.

 

All of our businesses have consolidated or exited certain facilities and our products are now manufactured in fewer facilities than in the past. While we have business continuity and risk management plans in place in case capacity is significantly reduced or eliminated at a given facility, the reduced number of alternative facilities could cause the duration of any manufacturing disruption to be longer. As a result, we could have difficulties fulfilling our orders and our sales and profits could decline.

 

The demand for our products depends on the continued growth of the industries in which we participate. A market decline in any one of these industries could have an adverse effect on our business.

 

The rate at which the portions of the telecommunications industry in which we participate continue to grow is critical to our ability to improve our overall financial performance and we could be negatively impacted by a slowdown. Our business was very negatively impacted by the economic slowdown and the corresponding reduction in capital spending by the telecommunications industry from 2001 to 2003.

 

Our customers and suppliers are located throughout the world and, as a result, we face risks that other companies that are not global may not face.

 

Our customers and suppliers are located throughout the world and approximately half of our net sales are made to customers outside the U.S. In addition, we have many manufacturing, administrative and sales facilities outside the U.S. and more than half of our employees are employed outside the U.S. Most of our suppliers are outside the U.S. and most of our products are manufactured outside the U.S.

 

As with all companies that have sizeable sales and operations outside the U.S., we are exposed to risks that could negatively impact sales or profitability, including but not limited to: (i) tariffs, trade barriers and trade disputes, customs classifications and certifications, including but not limited to changes in classifications or errors or omissions related to such classifications and certifications; (ii) changes in U.S. and non-U.S. rules related to trade, environmental, health and safety, technical standards & consumer protection; (iii) longer payment cycles; (iv) tax issues, such as tax law changes, variations in tax laws from country to country and as compared to the U.S., and difficulties in repatriating cash generated or held abroad in a tax-efficient manner; (v) currency fluctuations, particularly in the Euro, Chinese renminbi and Brazilian real; (vi) foreign exchange regulations, which may limit the Company’s ability to convert or repatriate foreign currency; (vii) challenges in collecting accounts receivable; (viii) cultural and language differences; (ix) employment regulations and local labor conditions; (x) difficulties protecting IP in foreign countries; (xi) instability in economic or political conditions, including inflation, recession and actual or anticipated military or political conflicts; (xii) natural disasters; (xiii) public health issues or outbreaks; (xiv) changes in laws or regulations that adversely impact benefits being received by the Company; and (xv) the impact of each of the foregoing on our outsourcing and procurement arrangements.

 

Many of our products that are manufactured outside the U.S. are manufactured in Asia. In particular, we have sizeable operations in China, including manufacturing operations, and 7% of our net sales are to customers in China. The legal system in China is still developing and is subject to change. Accordingly, our operations and orders for products in China could be adversely impacted by changes to or interpretation of Chinese law. Further, if manufacturing in the region is disrupted, our overall capacity could be significantly reduced and sales or profitability could be negatively impacted.

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We also are increasing our presence and/or selling more of our products in emerging markets such as India and Russia. We face challenges in emerging markets, including creating demand for our products and the negative impact of changes in the laws, or the interpretation of the laws, in those countries.

 

Changes in our development activities, operations or sales in non-U.S. markets could result in lost benefits and increase our cost of doing business.

 

The Company has entered into various agreements with non-U.S. governments, agencies, or similar organizations under which the Company receives certain benefits relating to its development activities, operations and/or sales in the jurisdiction. If the Company’s circumstances change or development activities, sales or operations are not at levels originally anticipated, the Company may be at risk of losing some or all of these benefits and increasing our cost of doing business.

 

If the quality of our products does not meet our customers’ expectations, then our sales and operating earnings, and ultimately our reputation, could be adversely affected.

 

Occasionally, some of the products we sell have quality issues resulting from the design or manufacture of the product, or from the software used in the product. Sometimes, these issues may be caused by components we purchase from other manufacturers or suppliers. Often these issues are identified prior to the shipment of the products and may cause delays in shipping products to customers, or even the cancellation of orders by customers. Sometimes, we discover quality issues in the products after they have been shipped to our customers, distributors or end-users, requiring us to resolve such issues in a timely manner that is the least disruptive to our customers. Such pre-shipment and post-shipment quality issues can have legal and financial ramifications, including: delays in the recognition of revenue, loss of revenue or future orders, customer-imposed penalties on Motorola for failure to meet contractual requirements, increased costs associated with repairing or replacing products, and a negative impact on our goodwill and brand name reputation.

 

In some cases, if the quality issue affects the product’s safety or regulatory compliance, then such a “defective” product may need to be recalled. Depending on the nature of the defect and the number of products in the field, it can cause the Company to incur substantial recall costs, in addition to the costs associated with the potential loss of future orders, and the damage to the Company’s goodwill or brand/reputation. In addition, the Company may be required, under certain customer contracts, to pay damages for failed performance that might exceed the revenue that the Company receives from the contracts. Recalls involving regulatory agencies can also result in fines and additional costs. Finally, recalls can result in third-party litigation, including class action litigation by persons alleging common harm resulting from the purchase of the products.

 

If the volume of our sales decrease or do not reach projected targets, we could face increased materials and manufacturing costs that may make our products less competitive.

 

We have negotiated favorable pricing terms with many of our suppliers, some of which have volume-based pricing. In the case of volume-based pricing arrangements, we may experience higher than anticipated costs if current volume-based purchase projections are not met. Some contracts have minimum purchase commitments and we may incur large financial penalties if these commitments are not met. We also may have unused production capacity if our current volume projections are not met, increasing our cost of production. In the future, as we establish new pricing terms, our volume demand could adversely impact future pricing from suppliers. All of these outcomes may result in our products being more costly to manufacture and less competitive.

 

The uncertainty of current economic and political conditions makes budgeting and forecasting difficult and may reduce demand for our products.

 

Current conditions in the domestic and global economies are uncertain. The U.S. involvement in Iraq and other global conflicts, including in the Middle East, as well as public health issues, have created many economic and political uncertainties that have impacted the global economy. As a result, it is difficult to estimate the level of growth for the world economy as a whole. It is even more difficult to estimate growth in various parts of the world economy, including the markets in which we participate. Because all components of our budgeting and forecasting are dependent upon estimates of growth in the markets we serve and demand for our products, the prevailing economic uncertainties render estimates of future income and expenditures difficult.

 

We have sizable manufacturing operations and engineering resources in Israel that could be disrupted as a result of hostilities in the region. We also sell our products and services throughout the Middle East and demand for our products and services could be adversely impacted by hostilities.

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The future direction of the overall domestic and global economies will have a significant impact on our overall performance. The potential for future terrorist attacks, increased global conflicts and the escalation of existing conflicts and public health issues has created worldwide uncertainties that have negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, demand for certain of our products.

 

Our future operating results depend on our ability to purchase a sufficient amount of materials, parts and components to meet the demands of our customers.

 

Our ability to meet customers’ demands depends, in part, on our ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of quality materials, parts and components from our suppliers. We have experienced shortages in the past that have adversely affected our operations. Although we work closely with our suppliers to avoid these types of shortages, there can be no assurances that we will not encounter these problems in the future. Furthermore, certain of our components are available only from a single source or limited sources. We may not be able to diversify sources in a timely manner. A reduction or interruption in supplies or a significant increase in the price of supplies could have a material adverse effect on our businesses.

 

Our success is dependent, in part, upon our ability to form successful strategic alliances. If these arrangements do not develop as expected, our business may be adversely impacted.

 

We currently partner with industry leaders to meet customer product and service requirements and to develop innovative advances in design and technology. Some of our partnerships allow us to supplement internal manufacturing capacity and share the cost of developing next-generation technologies. Other partnerships allow us to offer more services and features to our customers. If such arrangements do not develop as expected, our business could be adversely impacted.

 

We rely on third-party distributors, representatives and retailers to sell certain of our products.

 

In addition to our own sales force, we offer our products through a variety of third-party distributors, representatives and retailers. Certain of our distributors or representatives may also market other products that compete with our products. The loss, termination or failure of one or more of our distributors or representatives to effectively promote our products, or changes in the financial or business condition of these distributors, representatives or retailers, could affect our ability to bring its products to market.

 

We face many risks relating to intellectual property rights.

 

Our business will be harmed if: (i) we, our customers and/or our suppliers are found to have infringed intellectual property rights of third parties, (ii) if the intellectual property indemnities in our supplier agreements are inadequate to cover damages and losses due to infringement of third-party intellectual property rights by supplier products, (iii) if we are required to provide broad intellectual property indemnities to our customers, or (iv) if our intellectual property protection is inadequate to protect our proprietary rights.

 

Because our products are comprised of complex technology, much of which we acquire from suppliers through the purchase of components or licensing of software, we are often involved in or impacted by litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. Third parties have asserted, and in the future may assert, intellectual property infringement claims against us and against our customers and suppliers. Defending claims may be expensive and divert the time and efforts of our management and employees. If we do not succeed in any such litigation, we could be required to expend significant resources to pay damages, develop non-infringing intellectual property or to obtain licenses to the intellectual property that is the subject of such litigation. However, we cannot be certain that any such licenses, if available at all, will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms. In some cases, we might be forced to stop delivering certain products if we or our customer or supplier are subject to a final injunction.

 

We attempt to negotiate favorable intellectual property indemnities with our suppliers for infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, but there is no assurance that we will be successful in our negotiations or that a supplier’s indemnity will cover all damages and losses suffered by Motorola and our customers due to the infringing products or that a supplier may choose to accept a license or modify or replace its products with non-infringing products which would otherwise mitigate such damages and losses. Further, Motorola may not be able to participate in intellectual property litigation involving a supplier and may not be able to influence any ultimate resolution or outcome that may adversely impact Motorola’s sales if a court enters an injunction that enjoins the supplier’s products or if the International Trade Commission issues an exclusionary order that blocks Motorola products from importation into the U.S.

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In addition, our customers increasingly demand that we indemnify them broadly from all damages and losses resulting from intellectual property litigation against them. Because our customers often derive much larger revenue streams by reselling or leasing our products than we generate from the same products, these indemnity claims by our customers have the potential to expose us to damages that are much higher than we would be exposed to if we were sued directly.

 

Our patent and other intellectual property rights are important competitive tools and may generate income under license agreements. We regard our intellectual property rights as proprietary and attempt to protect them with patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secret laws, confidentiality agreements and other methods. We also generally restrict access to and distribution of our proprietary information. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to obtain and use our proprietary information or develop similar technology independently. In addition, effective patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in certain foreign countries. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights by third parties and the cost of any litigation necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights could have an adverse impact on our business.

 

As we expand our business, including through acquisitions, and compete with new competitors in new markets, the breadth and strength of our intellectual property portfolio in those new areas may not be as developed as in our longer-standing businesses. This may expose us to a heightened risk of litigation and other challenges from competitors in these new markets.

 

Our future operating results may be negatively impacted if we are not successful in licensing our intellectual property.

 

As part of the business strategy of some of our business segments, primarily our Mobile Devices business, we generate revenue through the licensing of intellectual property rights. The licensed rights include those that are essential to telecommunications standards, such as the GSM standard. Previously agreed-upon terms of some of our long-standing license agreements and the aging of our essential patent portfolio have reduced our royalty revenue over the past several years and are likely to continue to reduce that revenue. Uncertainty in the legal environment makes it difficult to assure that we will be able to enter into new license agreements that will be sufficient to offset that reduction in our revenue.

 

Many of our components and products are designed or manufactured by third parties and if third-party manufacturers lack sufficient quality control or if there are significant changes in the financial or business condition of such third-party manufacturers, it may have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

We rely on third-party suppliers for many of the components used in our products and we rely on third-party manufacturers to manufacture many of our assemblies and finished products. If we are not able to engage such manufacturers with the capabilities or capacities required by our business, or such third parties lack sufficient quality control or if there are significant changes in the financial or business condition of such third parties, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

We also have third-party arrangements for the design or manufacture of certain products, parts and components. If we are not able to engage such parties with the capabilities or capacities required by our business, or these third parties fail to deliver quality products, parts and components on time and at reasonable prices, we could have difficulties fulfilling our orders and our sales and profits could decline.

 

There is no guarantee that design wins will become actual orders and sales.

 

A “design win” occurs when a customer or prospective customer notifies us that our product has been selected to be integrated with the customer’s product. There can be delays of several months or more between the design win and when a customer initiates actual orders. The design win may never become an actual order or sale. Further, if the customer’s plans change, we may commit significant resources to design wins that do not result in actual orders. If design wins do not result in actual sales, our business could be adversely affected.

 

We may not continue to have access to the capital markets to obtain long-term and short-term financing on acceptable terms and conditions, particularly if our credit ratings are downgraded.

 

From time to time we access the long-term and short-term capital markets to obtain financing. Although we believe that we can continue to access the capital markets in 2008 on acceptable terms and conditions, our access and the availability of acceptable terms and conditions are impacted by many factors, including: (i) our credit ratings, which have been lowered in 2007 and 2008; (ii) the liquidity of the overall capital markets, which has

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been negatively impacted by the U.S. sub-prime mortgage situation; and (iii) the current state of the economy, including the telecommunications industry. There can be no assurances that we will continue to have access to the capital markets on terms acceptable to us.

 

Our debt ratings are considered “investment grade.” If our credit ratings were to decline two levels from the current Fitch and S&P ratings, the Company’s long-term debt would no longer be considered investment grade and our financial flexibility would be reduced and our cost of borrowing would increase. Some of the factors that impact our credit ratings, including the overall economic health of the telecommunications industry and the U.S. economy, are outside of our control. There can be no assurances that our current credit ratings will continue.

 

Our commercial paper is rated “A-2/P-2/F-2.” Our A-2 and F-2 ratings include a “watch negative.” Although we currently have access to the commercial paper markets, there can be no assurances that we will continue to have access to the commercial paper markets on terms acceptable to us.

 

We may not be able to borrow funds under our credit facility if we are not able to meet the conditions to borrowing in our facility.

 

We view our existing five-year revolving domestic credit facility as a source of available liquidity. This facility contains various conditions, covenants and representations with which we must be in compliance in order to borrow funds. We have never borrowed under this facility or previous domestic revolving credit facilities. However, if we wish to borrow under this facility in the future, there can be no assurance that we will be in compliance with these conditions, covenants and representations.

 

We may continue to make strategic acquisitions of other companies or businesses and these acquisitions introduce significant risks and uncertainties, including risks related to integrating the acquired businesses and achieving benefits from the acquisitions.

 

In order to position ourselves to take advantage of growth opportunities, we have made, and may continue to make, strategic acquisitions that involve significant risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include: (i) the difficulty in integrating newly-acquired businesses and operations in an efficient and effective manner; (ii) the challenges in achieving strategic objectives, cost savings and other benefits from acquisitions; (iii) the risk that our markets do not evolve as anticipated and that the technologies acquired do not prove to be those needed to be successful in those markets; (iv) the potential loss of key employees of the acquired businesses; (v) the risk of diverting the attention of senior management from our operations; (vi) the risks of entering new markets in which we have limited experience; (vii) risks associated with integrating financial reporting and internal control systems; (viii) difficulties in expanding information technology systems and other business processes to accommodate the acquired businesses; and (ix) future impairments of goodwill of an acquired business.

 

Acquisition candidates in the industries in which we participate may carry higher relative valuations (based on their earnings) than we do. This is particularly evident in software and services businesses. Acquiring a business that has a higher valuation than Motorola may be dilutive to our earnings, especially when the acquired business has little or no revenue. In addition, we may not pursue opportunities that are highly dilutive to near-term earnings and have, in the past, foregone certain of these acquisitions.

 

Key employees of acquired businesses may receive substantial value in connection with a transaction in the form of change-in-control agreements, acceleration of stock options and the lifting of restrictions on other equity- based compensation rights. To retain such employees and integrate the acquired business, we may offer additional retention incentives, but it may still be difficult to retain certain key employees.

 

Our future operating results may be negatively impacted if we do not execute a successful silicon and software strategy for our Mobile Devices business.

 

As part of our ongoing effort to improve the product portfolio of our Mobile Devices business, we are in the process of transitioning our silicon and software platforms to lower our cost to produce devices and to enable richer consumer experiences. Failure to execute this transition in a timely and effective manner may cause us to be competitively disadvantaged in many areas, including but not limited to, cost, time to market and the ability to ramp-up production in a timely fashion with acceptable quality and improved/additional features.

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The value of our investments in the securities of various companies fluctuates and it may be difficult for us to realize the value of these investments.

 

We hold a portfolio of investments in various companies. Since the majority of these securities represent investments in technology companies, the fair market values of these securities are subject to significant price volatility. In addition, the realizable value of these securities is subject to market and other conditions.

 

We also have invested in numerous privately-held companies, many of which can still be considered in startup or developmental stages. These investments are inherently risky as the market for the technologies or products they have under development are typically in the early stages and may never materialize. We could lose all or substantially all of the value of our investments in these companies, and in some cases have.

 

The Sigma Fund, an investment fund owned by the Company, holds U.S. Dollar-denominated debt obligations which include corporate bonds and asset- and mortgage-backed securities. The fair value of these holdings may experience temporary or other-than-temporary declines due to the widening credit spreads in several debt market segments and impairment if the underlying debtor should default on its obligations.

 

If we are unable to purchase sufficient credit insurance, our business may be negatively impacted.

 

We purchase a large amount of credit insurance to mitigate some of our credit risks. Our ability to sell certain of our receivables could be negatively impacted if we are not able to continue to purchase credit insurance in certain countries and in sufficient quantities. In addition, our success in certain countries may be dependent on our ability to obtain sufficient credit insurance.

 

It may be difficult for us to recruit and retain the types of highly-skilled employees that are necessary to remain competitive.

 

Competition for key technical personnel in high-technology industries is intense. We believe that our future success depends in large part on our continued ability to hire, assimilate, retain and leverage the skills of qualified engineers and other highly-skilled personnel needed to compete and develop successful new products. We may not be as successful as our competitors at recruiting, assimilating, retaining and utilizing these highly-skilled personnel. In particular, we may have more difficulty attracting or retaining highly-skilled personnel during periods of poor operating performance.

 

The unfavorable outcome of litigation pending or future litigation could materially impact the Company.

 

Our financial results could be materially adversely impacted by unfavorable outcomes to any pending or future litigation. See “Item 3—Legal Proceedings.” There can be no assurances as to the favorable outcome of any litigation. In addition, it can be very costly to defend litigation and these costs could negatively impact our financial results.

 

We are subject to a wide range of product regulatory and safety, consumer, worker safety and environmental laws.

 

Our operations and the products we manufacture and/or sell are subject to a wide range of global laws. Compliance with existing or future laws could subject us to future costs or liabilities, impact our production capabilities, constrict our ability to sell, expand or acquire facilities, and generally impact our financial performance. Some of these laws relate to the use, disposal, clean up of, and exposure to hazardous substances. In the United States, laws often require parties to fund remedial studies or action regardless of fault. Motorola continues to incur disposal costs and has ongoing remediation obligations. Changes to U.S. environmental laws or our discovery of additional obligations under these laws could have a negative impact on Motorola.

 

Over the last several years, laws focused on: the energy efficiency of electronic products and accessories; recycling of both electronic products and packaging; and reducing or eliminating certain hazardous substances in electronic products have expanded significantly. Laws pertaining to accessibility features of electronic products, standardization of connectors and power supplies, sound levels of music playing devices, and other aspects are also proliferating.

 

These laws impact our products and make it more expensive to manufacture and sell product. It may also be difficult to comply with the laws in a timely way and we may not have compliant products available in the quantities requested by our customers, thereby impacting our sales and profitability.

 

We expect these trends to continue. In addition, we anticipate increased demand to meet voluntary criteria related to reduction or elimination of certain hazardous constituents from products, increasing energy efficiency, and providing additional accessibility.

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We may provide financing and financial guarantees to our customers, some of which may be for significant amounts.

 

The competitive environment in which we operate may require us to provide long-term customer financing to a customer in order to win a contract. Customer financing arrangements may include all or a portion of the purchase price for our products and services. In some circumstances, these loans, leases and extended payment terms can be very large. We also provide revolving, short-term financing to certain customers and distributors that purchase our equipment. We may also assist customers in obtaining financing from banks and other sources and may also provide financial guarantees on behalf of our customers. Our success, particularly in our infrastructure businesses, may be dependent, in part, upon our ability to provide customer financing on competitive terms and on our customers’ creditworthiness.

 

While we have generally been able to place a portion of our customer financings with third-party lenders, a portion of these financings are supported directly by us. There can be higher risks of default associated with some of these financings, particularly when provided to start-up operations such as local network providers, customers in developing countries, or customers in specific financing-intensive areas of the industry (such as 3G wireless operators). Should customers fail to meet their obligations on new or existing loans, losses could be incurred and such losses could negatively impact our financial results. In addition, our sales to such customers or distributors could be reduced in the event of real or perceived issues about the credit quality of the customer or distributor.

 

We are exposed to risks under large multi-year system contracts that may negatively impact our business.

 

We enter into large multi-year system contracts with large customers. This exposes us to risks, including: (i) the technological risks of such contracts, especially when the contracts involve new technology, and (ii) financial risks under these contracts, including the estimates inherent in projecting costs associated with large contracts and the related impact on operating results. We are also facing increasing competition from traditional system integrators and the defense industry as system contracts become larger and more complicated. Political developments also can impact the nature and timing of these large contracts.

 

It is important that we are able to obtain many different types of insurance, and if we are not able to obtain insurance we are forced to retain the risk.

 

The Company has many types of insurance coverage and also self-insures for some risks and obligations. The insurance market was disrupted after the events of September 11, 2001 and the 2005 hurricanes. While the cost and availability of most insurance has stabilized, there are still certain types and levels of insurance that remain unavailable. Natural disasters and certain risks arising from securities claims and public liability are potential self-insured events that could negatively impact our financial performance.

 

Government regulation of radio frequencies may limit the growth of the wireless communications industry or reduce barriers to entry for new competitors.

 

Radio frequencies are required to provide wireless services. The allocation of frequencies is regulated in the U.S. and other countries and limited spectrum space is allocated to wireless services. The growth of the wireless and personal communications industry may be affected: (i) by regulations relating to the access to allocated spectrum for wireless communication users, especially in urban areas, (ii) if adequate frequencies are not allocated, or (iii) if new technologies are not developed to better utilize the frequencies currently allocated for such use. Industry growth has been and may continue to be affected by the cost of new licenses required to use frequencies and any related frequency relocation costs.

 

The U.S. leads the world in spectrum deregulation, allowing new wireless communications technologies to be developed and offered for sale. Examples include wireless local area network systems, such as WiFi, mesh technologies and wide area network systems, such as WiMAX and LTE. Other countries have also deregulated portions of their available spectrum to allow deployment of these and other technologies, which can be offered without spectrum license costs. Deregulation may introduce new competition and new opportunities for Motorola and our customers.

 

Changes in government policies and laws or economic conditions may adversely affect our financial results.

 

Our results may be affected by changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies, laws and regulations, or other activities of U.S. and non-U.S. governments, agencies and similar organizations. Our results may also be affected by social and economic conditions, which impact our operations, including in emerging markets in Asia, India, Latin America and Eastern Europe, and in markets subject to ongoing political hostilities and war, including the Middle East.

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In addition, the laws and regulations that apply directly to access to, or commerce on, the Internet are still evolving. We could be adversely affected by any such regulation in any country where we operate. The adoption of such measures could decrease demand for our products and at the same time increase the cost of selling such products.

 

Consolidations in both the cable and telecommunication industries may adversely impact our business.

 

The cable and telecommunication industries have experienced consolidation and this trend is expected to continue according to industry estimates. Industry consolidation could result in delays of purchases or in the selection of new suppliers by the merged companies. This could adversely effect equipment suppliers like Motorola and our competitors. Due to continuing consolidation within the cable and telecommunications industries worldwide, a small number of operators own a majority of cable television systems and account for a significant portion of the capital spending made by cable telecommunications systems operators.

 

Recent FCC regulations requiring separation of security functionality from set-tops could negatively impact our sales of set-tops.

 

Historically, reception of digital television programming from a cable broadband network has required a set-top with security technology. As a result, sourcing of these set-tops was traditionally limited to a few cable network manufacturers, including Motorola. FCC regulations requiring separation of security functionality from set-tops that are aimed to increase competition and encourage the sale of set-tops in the retail market became effective for most customers on July 1, 2007. Traditionally, cable service providers sold or leased the set-top to their customer. As the retail market develops for set-tops and televisions capable of accepting the security modules, sales of our set-tops may be negatively impacted.

 

We rely on complex information technology systems and networks to operate our business. Any significant system or network disruption could have a material adverse impact on our operations, sales and operating results.

 

We rely on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of complex information technology systems and networks some of which are within Motorola and some are outsourced. All information technology systems are potentially vulnerable to damage or interruption from a variety of sources, including but not limited to computer viruses, security breach, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. There also may be system or network disruptions if new or upgraded business management systems are defective or are not installed properly. We have implemented various measures to manage our risks related to system and network disruptions, but a system failure or security breach could negatively impact our operations and financial results. In addition, we may incur additional costs to remedy the damages caused by these disruptions or security breaches.

 

Our share price has been and may continue to be volatile.

 

Our share price has been volatile due, in part, to generally volatile securities markets, and the volatility in the telecommunications and technology companies’ securities markets in particular. Factors other than our financial results that may affect our share price include, but are not limited to, market expectations of our performance, capital spending plans of our customers, and the level of perceived growth in the industries in which we participate.

 

The level of returns on pension and retirement plan assets could affect our earnings in future periods.

 

The funding obligations for our pension plans are impacted by the performance of the financial markets, particularly the equity markets, and interest rates. Funding obligations are determined under government regulations and are measured each year based on the value of assets and liabilities on a specific date. If the financial markets do not provide the long-term returns that are expected under the governmental funding calculations we could be required to make larger contributions. The equity markets can be, and recently have been, very volatile, and therefore our estimate of future contribution requirements can change dramatically in relatively short periods of time. Similarly, changes in interest rates can impact our contribution requirements. In a low interest rate environment, the likelihood of required contributions in the future increases.

 

The outcome of currently ongoing and future examinations of our income tax returns by the IRS could impact our financial results.

 

We are subject to continued examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to

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determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance that the outcomes from these continuing examinations will not have an adverse effect on future operating results.

 

We face risks related to ongoing patent-related disputes between Qualcomm and Broadcom.

 

Motorola is a purchaser of CDMA EV-DO baseband processor chips and chipsets from Qualcomm Incorporated (“Qualcomm”), and we recently announced an intention to design certain of Qualcomm’s W-CDMA chipsets into certain of our 3G handsets. Qualcomm and Broadcom Corporation (“Broadcom”) are engaged in several patent-related legal actions. In certain of these actions, Broadcom is seeking orders to ban the importation into the U.S. of Qualcomm’s infringing EV-DO and W-CDMA baseband processor chipsets and certain “downstream” products that contain them (including Motorola handsets) and/or limit Qualcomm’s ability to provide certain services and products in the U.S. relating to such infringing chipsets. A final outcome adverse to Qualcomm in any of the patent-related legal actions could have a material adverse impact on Motorola’s performance by making it difficult, more expensive or impossible for Motorola to make and/or import products destined for the U.S. market that use certain infringing Qualcomm chipsets. While we continue to work with Qualcomm and others on contingency plans relating to these cases, there is no guarantee that such plans will prove successful or avoid further legal challenge.

 

 

 

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complaints to add allegations that cellular telephones sold without headsets are defective because they present a safety risk when used while driving and to seek punitive damages. Plaintiffs in Farina also seek declaratory relief and treble and statutory damages. After the Farina complaint was amended, on February 17, 2006, a newly-added defendant to the Farina case removed the case to federal court. After initial consolidation with the MDL Proceeding, on June 11, 2007, the MDL Panel transferred Farina back to the federal district court in Philadelphia. Plaintiffs’ motion to remand to Pennsylvania state courts was denied on February 13, 2008. The federal district court requested that defendants refile and rebrief their motions to dismiss.

 

On September 9, 2002, Dahlgren v. Motorola, Inc., et al., was filed in the D.C. Superior Court containing class claims alleging deceptive and misleading actions by defendants in falsely stating that cellular phones are safe and by failing to disclose studies that allegedly show cellular phones can cause harm . Dahlgren seeks injunctive and equitable relief, actual damages, treble or statutory damages, punitive damages and a constructive trust. On December 9, 2005, plaintiff filed an amended complaint in Dahlgren. Defendants moved to dismiss Dahlgren on February 3, 2006. That motion is still pending.

 

During 2001 and 2002, several cases were filed in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia alleging that use of a cellular phone caused a malignant brain tumor : Murray v. Motorola, Inc., et al., filed November 15, 2001, Agro, et al. v. Motorola, Inc., et al., filed February 26, 2002; Cochran, et al. v. Audiovox Corporation, et al., filed February 26, 2002, and Schofield, et al. v. Matsushita Electric Corporation of America, et al. , filed February 26, 2002,. Each complaint seeks compensatory damages in excess of $25 million, consequential damages in excess of $25 million and punitive and/or exemplary damages in excess of $100 million. These cases were removed to federal court and transferred to the United States District Court for the District of Maryland (the “MDL Court”). On July 19, 2004, the MDL Court found that there was no federal court jurisdiction over Murray, Agro, Cochran and Schofield and remanded those cases to the Superior Court for the District of Columbia. On November 30, 2004, defendants moved to dismiss the Murray, Agro, Cochran and Schofield complaints. On August 24, 2007, the Superior Court for the District of Columbia granted the defendants’ motion and dismissed the cases with prejudice on federal preemption grounds. On September 20, 2007, plaintiffs appealed the dismissal to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals and that appeal is still pending.

 

Iridium-Related Cases

 

Class Action Securities Lawsuits

 

Motorola has been named as one of several defendants in putative class action securities lawsuits arising out of alleged misrepresentations or omissions regarding the Iridium satellite communications business which, on March 15, 2001, were consolidated in the federal district court in the District of Columbia under Freeland v. Iridium World Communications, Inc., et al., originally filed on April 22, 1999. Plaintiff’s motion for class certification was granted on January 9, 2006 and the trial is scheduled to begin on May 22, 2008.

 

Bankruptcy Court Lawsuit

 

Motorola was sued by the Official Committee of the Unsecured Creditors of Iridium (the “Committee”) in the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York on July 19, 2001. In re Iridium Operating LLC, et al. v. Motorola asserts claims for breach of contract, warranty, fiduciary duty and fraudulent transfer and preferences, and seeks in excess of $4 billion in damages. On September 20, 2007, following trial on the solvency and capital adequacy portion of the Committee’s fraudulent transfer and preference claims, the Iridium Bankruptcy Court granted judgment for Motorola on all those claims. The remaining claims for breach of contract, warranty, fiduciary duty and equitable subordination remain pending.

 

On March 30, 2001, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York presiding over the Iridium bankruptcy proceeding approved a settlement between the unsecured creditors of the Iridium Debtors and the Iridium Debtors’ pre-petition secured lenders. The settlement agreement creates and provides for the funding of a litigation vehicle for the purpose of pursuing litigation against Motorola. Motorola appealed the approval of the settlement first to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and thereafter to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. On March 5, 2007, the Court of Appeals vacated the District Court order approving the settlement and directed that the case be remanded to the Iridium Bankruptcy Court for further proceedings. On June 1, 2007, the Unsecured Creditors Committee filed with the bankruptcy court a renewed motion for approval of the Settlement Agreement, to which Motorola objected. That motion remains pending.

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Iridium India Lawsuits

 

Motorola and certain of its current and former officers and directors were named as defendants in a private criminal complaint filed by Iridium India Telecom Ltd. (“Iridium India”) in October 2001 in the Court of the Extra Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Khadki, Pune, India. The Iridium India Telecom Ltd. v. Motorola, Inc. et al. complaint alleges that the defendants conspired to, and did, commit the criminal offense of “cheating” by fraudulently inducing Iridium India to purchase gateway equipment from Motorola, to acquire Iridium stock, and to invest in developing a market for Iridium services in India. Under the Indian penal code, “cheating” is punishable by imprisonment for up to 7 years and a fine of any amount. The court may also require defendants to compensate the victim for its losses, which the complaint estimates at about $100 million. In August 2003, the Bombay High Court granted Motorola’s petition to dismiss the criminal action against Motorola and the individual defendants. Iridium India has petitioned the Indian Supreme Court to exercise its discretion to review that dismissal, and that petition is pending.

 

In September 2002, Iridium India also filed a civil suit in the Bombay High Court against Motorola and Iridium. The suit alleges fraud, intentional misrepresentation and negligent misrepresentation by Motorola and Iridium in inducing Iridium India to purchase gateway equipment from Motorola, to acquire Iridium stock, and to invest in developing a market for Iridium services in India. Iridium India claims in excess of $200 million in damages and interest. Following extensive proceedings in the trial court and on appeal related to Iridium India’s motion for interim relief, Motorola has deposited approximately $44 million in a specially designated account in India, and the Indian Supreme Court has accepted for a full hearing at a later date Motorola’s appeal regarding interim relief.

 

Shareholder Derivative Case—Iridium and Telsim

 

M & C Partners III v. Galvin, et al., filed January 10, 2002, in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, is a shareholder derivative action against fifteen current and former members of the Motorola Board of Directors and Motorola as a nominal defendant. The lawsuit alleges that the Motorola directors breached their fiduciary duty to the Company and/or committed gross mismanagement of Motorola’s business and assets by allowing Motorola to engage in improper practices with respect to Iridium and Telsim (as defined below).

 

In April 2006, the Court held that the plaintiff could not pursue its Iridium-related claims, but denied without prejudice plaintiff’s motion to file a Third Amended Complaint with respect to new allegations pertaining to Telsim. Following the Court’s ruling for defendants on the Iridium-related claims and plaintiff’s July 20, 2006 demand with respect to Telsim-related claims, the Motorola Board of Directors appointed an investigatory committee to investigate those Telsim-related claims. On November 13, 2007, after considering the July 2006 demand, proposed complaint, and recommendations made by the Board’s investigatory committee, the Board concluded that the evidence does not support M&C Partners III’s proposed claims and prosecution of these claims would not be in the best interests of Motorola’s shareholders. Accordingly, the Board rejected M&C Partners III’s demand.

 

An unfavorable outcome in one or more of the Iridium-related cases still pending could have a material adverse effect on Motorola’s consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

 

Telsim-Related Cases

 

In April 2001, Telsim Mobil Telekomunikasyon Hizmetleri A.S. (“Telsim”), a wireless telephone operator in Turkey, defaulted on the payment of approximately $2 billion of loans owed to Motorola and its subsidiaries (the “Telsim Loans”). The Uzan family controlled Telsim until 2004 when an agency of the Turkish government took over control of Telsim. Telsim was sold by the Turkish government to Vodafone and Motorola received an aggregate payment from the sale of $910 million.

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U.S. Judgment

 

The Company continues its efforts to collect on its judgment of $2.13 billion (the “U.S. Judgment”) for compensatory damages rendered by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “District Court”) against the Uzans on July 31, 2003 and affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (the “Second Circuit”) in 2004 and in connection with foreign proceedings against the Uzan family. However, the Company believes that the ongoing litigation, collection and/or settlement processes against the Uzan family will be very lengthy in light of the Uzans’ continued resistance to satisfy the judgments against them and their decision to violate various courts’ orders, including orders holding them in contempt of court. Following a remand from the Second Circuit of the U.S. Judgment, on February 8, 2006, the District Court awarded a judgment in favor of Motorola for $1 billion in punitive damages against the Uzan family and their co-conspirator, Antonio Luna Bettancourt. That decision was affirmed by the Second Circuit on November 21, 2007.

 

In re Motorola Securities Litigation

 

A purported class action lawsuit, Barry Family LP v. Carl F. Koenemann , was filed against the former chief financial officer of Motorola on December 24, 2002, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging breach of fiduciary duty and violations of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5. In 2003, it was consolidated with a number of related cases as In re Motorola Securities Litigation in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (“Illinois District Court”). During 2005, the Illinois District Court certified the case as a class action. In April 2007, the parties entered into a settlement agreement, pursuant to which Motorola paid $190 million to the class and all claims against Motorola by the class have been dismissed and released.

 

Howell v. Motorola, Inc., et al.

 

A class action, Howell v. Motorola, Inc., et al. , was filed against Motorola and various of its directors, officers and employees in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (“Illinois District Court”) on July 21, 2003, alleging breach of fiduciary duty and violations of the Employment Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”). The complaint alleged that the defendants had improperly permitted participants in the Motorola 401(k) Plan (the “Plan”) to purchase or hold shares of common stock of Motorola because the price of Motorola’s stock was artificially inflated by a failure to disclose vendor financing to Telsim in connection with the sale of telecommunications equipment by Motorola. The plaintiff sought to represent a class of participants in the Plan and sought an unspecified amount of damages. On September 30, 2005, the district court dismissed the second amended complaint filed on October 15, 2004 (the “Howell Complaint”). Three new purported lead plaintiffs have since intervened in the case, and have filed a motion for class certification seeking to represent a class of Plan participants. On September 28, 2007, the Illinois District Court granted the motion for class certification but narrowed the requested scope of the class. On October 25, 2007, the Illinois District Court modified the scope of the class, granted summary judgment dismissing two of the individually-named defendants in light of the narrowed class, and ruled that the judgment as to the original named plaintiff, Howell, would be immediately appealable. The class as certified includes all Plan participants for whose individual accounts the Plan purchased and/or held shares of Motorola common stock from May 16, 2000 through May 14, 2001, with certain exclusions. On February 15, 2008 plaintiffs and defendants each filed motions for summary judgment in the Illinois District Court. On February 22, 2008 the appellate court granted defendants’ motion for leave to appeal from the Illinois District Court’s class-certification decision. In addition, the original named plaintiff, Howell, has appealed the dismissal of his claim.

 

Silverman/Williams Federal Securities Lawsuits and Related Derivative Matters

 

A purported class action lawsuit on behalf of the purchasers of Motorola securities between July 19, 2006 and January 5, 2007, Silverman v. Motorola, Inc., et al ., was filed against the Company and certain current and former officers and directors of the Company on August 9, 2007, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The complaint alleges violations of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5 as well as, in the case of the individual defendants, the control person provisions of the Securities Exchange Act. The factual assertions in the complaint consist primarily of the allegation that the defendants knowingly made incorrect statements concerning Motorola’s projected revenues for the third and fourth quarter of 2006. The complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief relating to the purported inflation in the price of Motorola shares during the class period. An amended complaint was filed December 20, 2007.

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In addition, on August 24, 2007, two lawsuits were filed as purportedly derivative actions on behalf of Motorola, Williams v. Zander, et al. , and Cinotto v. Zander, et al. , in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors. These complaints make similar factual allegations to those made in the Silverman complaint and assert causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment. The complaints seek unspecified damages associated with the alleged loss to the Company deriving from the defendants’ actions and demand that Motorola make a number of changes to its internal procedures. An amended complaint was filed on December 14, 2007, and defendants moved to dismiss that complaint in January 2008.

 

Charter Communications Class Action Securities Litigation

 

On August 5, 2002, Stoneridge Investment Partners LLC filed a purported class action in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (“District Court”) against Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”) and certain of its officers, alleging violations of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder relating to Charter securities. This complaint did not name Motorola as a defendant, but asserted that Charter and the other named defendants had violated the securities laws in connection with, inter alia, a transaction with Motorola. On August 5, 2003, the plaintiff amended its complaint to add Motorola, Inc. as a defendant. As to Motorola, the amended complaint alleged a claim under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5(a)-(c) promulgated thereunder relating to Charter securities and seeks an award of compensatory damages. The District Court issued a final judgment dismissing Motorola from the case which plaintiff appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (“Court of Appeals”). On April 11, 2006, the Court of Appeals affirmed the final judgment of the District Court dismissing Motorola from the case. On January 15, 2008, the Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeals.

 

In re Adelphia Communications Corp. Securities and Derivative Litigation

 

On December 22, 2003, Motorola was named as a defendant in two cases relating to the In re Adelphia Communications Corp. Securities and Derivative Litigation (the “Adelphia MDL”). The Adelphia MDL consists of at least fourteen individual cases and one purported class action that were filed in or have been transferred to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. First, Motorola was named as a defendant in the Second Amended Complaint in the individual case of W.R. Huff Asset Management Co. L.L.C. v. Deloitte & Touche LLP, et al. (the “Huff Complaint”) This case was originally filed by W.R. Huff Asset Management Co. L.L.C. on June 7, 2002, in the United States District Court for the Western District of New York and was subsequently transferred to the Southern District of New York as related to the Adelphia MDL. Motorola and several other individual and corporate defendants are named in the amended complaint.

 

As to Motorola, the complaint alleges a claim arising under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder relating to Adelphia securities, and seeks recovery of the consideration paid by plaintiff for Adelphia debt securities, compensatory damages, costs and expenses of litigation and other relief. Motorola filed a motion to dismiss this complaint on March 8, 2004, which is awaiting decision.

 

Also on December 22, 2003, Motorola was named as a defendant in Stocke v. John J. Rigas, et al. This case was originally filed in Pennsylvania and was subsequently transferred to the Southern District of New York as related to the Adelphia MDL. Motorola and several other individual and corporate defendants are named in the amended complaint. As to Motorola, the complaint generally makes the same allegations as the Huff Complaint and a state law claim of aiding and abetting fraud relating to Adelphia securities. The complaint seeks return of the consideration paid by plaintiff for Adelphia securities, punitive damages and other relief. Motorola filed a motion to dismiss this complaint on April 12, 2004, which is awaiting decision.

 

On July 23, 2004, Motorola was named as a defendant in Argent Classic Convertible Arbitrage Fund L.P., et al. v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., et al. (the “Argent Complaint”). The Argent Complaint was filed against Scientific Atlanta and Motorola in the Southern District of New York. The Argent Complaint generally makes the same allegations as the other previously-disclosed cases relating to the In re Adelphia Communications Corp. Securities and Derivative Litigation that have been transferred to the Southern District of New York. The complaint seeks compensatory damages and other relief. Motorola filed a motion to dismiss the Argent Complaint on October 12, 2004, which is awaiting decision.

 

On September 14, 2004, Motorola was named in a complaint filed in state court in Los Angeles, California, naming Motorola and Scientific-Atlanta and certain officers of Scientific-Atlanta, Los Angeles County Employees Retirement Association et al. v. Motorola, Inc., et al. The complaint raises claims under California law for aiding

32

and abetting fraud and conspiracy to defraud and generally makes the same allegations as the other previously-disclosed cases relating to the In re Adelphia Communications Corp. Securities and Derivative Litigation that have been transferred to the Southern District of New York. There are no new substantive allegations. The complaint seeks compensatory damages, opportunity-cost damages, punitive and other exemplary damages and other relief. In late 2004, the Multi-District Litigation Panel transferred the case to federal court in New York, which transfer is now final. Motorola filed a motion to dismiss the complaint in this action on September 19, 2005, which is awaiting decision.

 

On October 25, 2004, Motorola was named in a complaint filed in state court in Fulton County, Georgia, naming Motorola and Scientific-Atlanta and certain officers of Scientific-Atlanta, AIG DKR SoundShore Holdings, Ltd., et al. v. Scientific-Atlanta Inc., et al. The complaint raises claims under Georgia law of conspiracy to defraud and generally makes the same allegations as the other previously disclosed cases relating to the In re Adelphia Communications Corp. Securities and Derivative Litigation that have already been filed and transferred to the Southern District of New York. The complaint seeks damages and statutory compensation, punitive damages and other relief. On April 18, 2005, the Multi-District Litigation Panel issued a final order transferring the case to New York and that transfer is final. Motorola filed a motion to dismiss the complaint in this action on September 19, 2005, which is awaiting decision.

 

Adelphia Communications Corp.—Bankruptcy Court Lawsuit

 

On June 23, 2006, Adelphia objected to Motorola’s claim for payment of $67 million and asserted causes of action against Motorola including preferences, avoidance of liens, fraudulent transfers, equitable subordination and aiding and abetting fraud as part of the ongoing Adelphia bankruptcy action in the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. Plaintiff is alleging damages in excess of $1 billion against Motorola for the above-stated causes of action.

 

Intellectual Property Related Cases

 

Tessera, Inc. v. Motorola, Inc., et al.

 

Motorola is a purchaser of semiconductor chips with certain ball grid array (“BGA”) packaging from suppliers including Qualcomm, Inc. (“Qualcomm”), Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (“Freescale Semiconductor”), ATI Technologies, Inc. (“ATI”), Spansion Inc. (“Spansion”), and STMicroelectronics N.V. (“STMicro”). On April 17, 2007, Tessera, Inc. (“Tessera”) filed patent infringement legal actions against Qualcomm, Freescale Semiconductor, ATI, Spansion, STMicro and Motorola in the U.S. International Trade Commission (the “ITC”) (In the Matter of Certain Semiconductor Chips with Minimized Chip Package Size and Products Containing Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-605) and the United States District Court, Eastern District of Texas, Tessera, Inc. v. Motorola, Inc., Qualcomm, Inc., Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. and ATI Technologies, Inc. , alleging that certain BGA packaged semiconductors infringe patents that Tessera claims to own. Tessera is seeking orders to ban the importation into the U.S. of certain semiconductor chips with BGA packaging and certain “downstream” products that contain them (including Motorola products) and/or limit suppliers’ ability to provide certain services and products or take certain actions in the U.S. relating to the packaged chips. The patent claims being asserted by Tessera are subject to reexamination proceedings in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”). In the reexamination proceedings, the PTO has issued rejections of Tessera’s asserted patent claims. On February 26, 2008, the ITC action was stayed pending the completion of the PTO’s reexamination proceedings.

 

Motorola is a defendant in various other suits, claims and investigations that arise in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, and other than discussed above with respect to the Iridium cases, the ultimate disposition of the Company’s pending legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

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34

PART II

Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

Motorola’s common stock is listed on the New York and Chicago Stock Exchanges. The number of stockholders of record of Motorola common stock on January 31, 2008 was 79,907.

 

Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference to the information under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information” of Motorola’s Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The remainder of the response to this Item incorporates by reference Note 16, “Quarterly and Other Financial Data (unaudited)” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing under “Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”.

 

The following table provides information with respect to acquisitions by the Company of shares of its common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2007.

 

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PERFORMANCE GRAPH

 

The following graph compares the five-year cumulative total returns of Motorola, Inc., the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Communications Equipment Index.

 

This graph assumes $100 was invested in the stock or the Index on December 31, 2002 and also assumes the reinvestment of dividends. This graph assumes reinvestment of the Company’s distribution to its shareholders of 0.110415 shares of Class B common stock of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (“Freescale Class B Shares”) on December 2, 2004 for each share of Motorola common stock. For purposes of this graph, the Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. distribution is treated as a non-taxable cash dividend of $2.06 (the value of 0.110415 Freescale Class B Shares, based on Freescale Semiconductor’s December 2, 2004 closing price of $18.69) that would have been reinvested in Motorola common stock at the close of business on December 2, 2004.

 

Five-Year Performance Graph

 

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37

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial position and results of operations for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. This commentary should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto which appear beginning under “Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 

Executive Overview

 

What businesses are we in?

 

Motorola reports financial results for the following three operating business segments:

 

 

What were our 2007 financial results?

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

What were the financial results for our three operating business segments in 2007?

 

 

What were our major challenges and accomplishments in 2007?

 

 

Unit shipments in 2007 were 159.1 million, a 27% decrease compared to unit shipments of 217.4 million in 2006. The decrease in unit shipments resulted primarily from gaps in the segment’s product portfolio, including limited offerings of 3G products and products for the Multimedia and Mass Market product segments, as well as an aging product portfolio. As a result, Motorola believes it lost 8 percentage points of market share and estimates its global market share to be approximately 14% for the full year 2007.

 

During 2007, the Mobile Devices business launched 41 new phones, including several devices based on its newer open software platforms. New devices included: the RAZR2 Feature Phone for GSM, CDMA and UMTS technologies; the ROKR Z6 family of music devices; the GSM Q8 and UMTS Q9h, for consumers who multi-task and want flexibility in today’s business environment; and several handsets at affordable price points for consumers with everyday communications needs.

 

Progress was made on key initiatives to implement a multi-vendor silicon strategy and utilize improved software platforms. The business will use multiple silicon providers to aid in faster time to market and reduce costs. As an example, in 2007 the Mobile Devices business named Texas Instruments as one of its silicon suppliers for future UMTS devices. The business also continued its efforts to streamline and improve its software platforms, including rationalizing its R&D expenditures on legacy platforms and acquiring a 50% stake in UIQ Technology AB (“UIQ”). This investment will strengthen UIQ as an open application delivery platform for multimedia devices. MOTO DEV Studio, which includes multi-platform tools aimed at developers, was launched to enhance the ecosystem around its Linux wireless platform, MOTOMAGX.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The business implemented improved processes and discipline around product pricing, rationalized elements of its distribution network, reduced channel inventory and improved its cash conversion cycle in the second half of 2007 as compared to the first half of 2007.

 

 

The business expanded its core portfolio by completing five significant acquisitions, including: (i) Netopia, Inc., a broadband equipment provider for DSL customers, which allows for phone, TV and fast Internet connections, (ii) Tut Systems, Inc., a leading developer of edge routing and video encoders, (iii) Modulus Video, Inc., a provider of MPEG-4 Advanced Coding compression systems designed for delivery of high-value video content in IP set-top devices for the digital video, broadcast and satellite marketplaces, (iv) Terayon Communication Systems, Inc., a provider of real-time digital video networking applications to cable, satellite and telecommunication service providers worldwide, and (v) Leapstone Systems, Inc., a provider of intelligent multimedia service delivery and content management solutions to networks operators. With these acquisitions, Motorola improved its position with global operators by enhancing its capabilities in end-to-end video solutions.

 

Motorola also continued its investments in and focus on WiMAX, a next-generation wireless broadband technology based on the IEEE standard 802.16e. At the end of 2007, the business had won several commercial WiMAX contracts and was participating in over 40 WiMAX trials globally.

 

The business also had challenges during the year, as the GSM infrastructure market faced continuing pricing pressures and sales of iDEN infrastructure declined compared to 2006. Despite these and other challenges facing the wireless infrastructure industry, the wireless networks business remained profitable. Finally, the business concluded the sale of its embedded communications computing business to Emerson for $346 million, reflecting its continuing efforts to focus on its core businesses.

 

 

Within the government and public safety business, sales continued to grow worldwide as demand for integrated, interoperable public safety communications increased. As new and better spectrum utilization evolves, demand and sales have increased for high-speed data applications, such as video surveillance and other data-based products. In addition to its continued success in the United States, our largest market, the business was awarded several international contracts for significant country-wide system solutions, specifically in Europe. The new MOTOTRBO product line was also successfully launched and received very positive customer acceptance in all geographies.

 

During the year, the commercial enterprise business enhanced its product portfolio by launching several new mobile computing, wireless computing and advanced data capture products that put it in a strong position in the commercial enterprise marketplace for the future. The enhanced mobile computing offerings included the MC70 and the rugged MC9090 product lines which had very successful product launches and were well received in all regions.

 

Looking Forward

 

The boundaries between the home, work and mobility continue to dissolve. We believe our focus on designing and delivering differentiated products, unique experiences and powerful networks, along with a full compliment of support services, will enable consumers to have a broader choice of when, where and how they connect to the people, information, and entertainment that they want and need. Vast segments of the world’s population, many of whom have yet to experience wireless communications or connect to the Internet, present new opportunities to extend our brand and market our products and services.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

With a renewed emphasis on efficiency and time-to-market, we are investing in the future of our businesses. Our research and development investment priorities include: next-generation wireless products, applications, and services for enterprise markets; advanced technologies and applications for government and public safety markets; and next-generation wireless handsets with application services. These investments, together with the acquisitions of the past few years, are designed to foster continued innovation and profitable growth.

 

In 2007, our Home and Networks Mobility and Enterprise Mobility Solutions businesses delivered solid results and finished with strong momentum. However, our Mobile Devices business faced significant challenges in 2007. We remain committed to executing on our strategic plans and pursuing opportunities for profitability improvement across all of our businesses with continued dedication to our customers, quality and innovation.

 

In our Mobile Devices business, the overall global market remains strong and the environment remains intensely competitive. Our primary focus is on driving a meaningful enhancement of our product portfolio. To this end, we are optimizing our use of silicon providers and improving our software platforms to ensure that we can deliver the most desirable set of experiences to wireless handset consumers. Our portfolio enhancement objectives include a broad array of cost-effective products at multiple price points in each of our four product segments: Mass Market, Feature, Multimedia and Productivity. We expect our products to continue to demonstrate unique design and innovative features and function around experiences including, for example, messaging, music, imaging, video, audio and touch. We expect the transition to having more devices featuring improved software platforms and silicon designs will show progress by the end of this year and continue in 2009. In applications and services, we continue to work with third parties to develop an ecosystem and service delivery platform that will deliver rich experiences to consumers. In addition to our efforts to dramatically improve the portfolio, we are pursuing cost-reduction initiatives to ensure that we have the optimal cost structure for the business going forward. We are also evaluating the structural and strategic realignment of our business to better equip the Mobile Devices business to recapture global market leadership and enhance shareholder value.

 

In our Home and Networks Mobility business, we are focused on delivering personalized media experiences to consumers at home and on-the-go and enabling service providers to operate their networks more efficiently and profitably. We will leverage our market leading position in digital entertainment devices. In addition, numerous recent acquisitions have expanded our leadership position in broadband products and services for video, voice and data. These acquisitions enable us to continue capitalizing on strong underlying demand for high definition and video-on-demand services, as well as the convergence of services and applications across delivery platforms. We will continue to make investments to position ourselves as a leading infrastructure provider of next-generation wireless technologies. We expect the WiMAX market to begin to materialize in 2008 as the first networks are commercialized. More significant sales opportunities for WiMAX are anticipated beyond 2008. For our wireless networks business, we expect the environment to remain highly competitive and challenging. By continuing to deliver end-to-end solutions that enable delivery of next-generation products and services and allocating resources to investment priorities, our Home and Networks Mobility segment is poised to grow profitably in emerging technologies, including video and wireless broadband, and maintain profitability in mature technologies.

 

In our Enterprise Mobility Solutions business, our key objective is profitable growth in enterprise markets around the world. We will leverage our leadership position in mission-critical communications solutions and develop next-generation products and solutions for our government and public safety customers around the world. Anchored by the 2007 acquisition of Symbol Technologies, Inc., we have a very strong presence in the commercial enterprise market, including retail, transportation, utility, manufacturing, healthcare and other commercial customers. Our business-critical products and solutions allow our customers to reduce cost, increase worker mobility and productivity, and enhance their customers’ experiences. We believe that our comprehensive portfolio of enterprise products and solutions, leadership positions in government and public safety and commercial enterprise markets, global network of channel partners, and distributors and solid market growth make our Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment well positioned for continued success.

 

Although the Company implemented a number of actions last year to reduce cost, including workforce reductions, prioritization of investments, spending controls, reduced general and administrative expenses and site rationalization, further cost savings actions are necessary to improve profitability. The Company has determined that additional cost-reduction actions will be taken in certain areas, including the Mobile Devices business and across various corporate general and administrative functions.

 

The improvement in cash conversion cycle continues to be a major focus of the company. Building upon the improvements made during 2007, we believe we can further reduce the company’s cash conversion cycle in 2008, resulting in improved cash flow from operations.

41

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

We conduct our business in highly competitive markets, facing both new and established competitors. The markets for many of our products are characterized by rapidly changing technologies, frequent new product introductions, changing consumer trends, short product life cycles and evolving industry standards. Market disruptions caused by new technologies, the entry of new competitors into markets we serve, and frequent consolidations among our customers and competitors, among other matters, can introduce volatility into our operating performance and cash flow from operations. And as we enter 2008, we face a very dynamic economic environment. Meeting all of these challenges requires consistent operational planning and execution and investment in technology, resulting in innovative products that meet the expanding needs of our customers around the world. As we execute on meeting these objectives, our overall strategy remains unchanged — to focus our efforts on the convergence of fixed and wireless broadband internet and growing demand for next generation wireless communications solutions by people, businesses and governments. We will continue to take the necessary strategic actions to enable these efforts, to provide for growth and improved profitability and position Motorola for future success.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Results of Operations—2007 Compared to 2006

 

Net Sales

 

Net sales were $36.6 billion in 2007, down 15% compared to net sales of $42.8 billion in 2006. The decrease in net sales reflects a $9.4 billion decrease in net sales by the Mobile Devices segment, partially offset by a $2.3 billion increase in net sales by the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment and an $850 million increase in net sales by the Home and Networks Mobility segment. The 33% decrease in net sales in the Mobile Devices segment was primarily driven by: (i) a 27% decrease in unit shipments, (ii) a 9% decrease in average selling price (“ASP”), and (iii) decreased revenue from intellectual property and technology licensing. The 43% increase in net sales in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment was primarily driven by net sales from the Symbol business acquired in January 2007, as well as higher net sales in the government and public safety market due to strong demand in North America. The 9% increase in net sales in the Home and Networks Mobility segment was primarily driven by a 51% increase in unit shipments of digital entertainment devices, partially offset by lower net sales of wireless networks due primarily to lower demand for iDEN and CDMA infrastructure equipment.

 

Gross Margin

 

Gross margin was $10.0 billion, or 27.2% of net sales, in 2007, compared to $12.7 billion, or 29.7% of net sales, in 2006. The decrease in gross margin reflects decreases in gross margin in the Mobile Devices and Home and Networks Mobility segments, partially offset by an increase in gross margin in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment. The decrease in gross margin in the Mobile Devices segment was primarily due to: (i) a 9% decrease in ASP, (ii) decreased income from intellectual property and technology licensing, (iii) a 27% decrease in unit shipments, and (iv) a $277 million charge for a legal settlement with Freescale Semiconductor, partially offset by savings from supply chain cost-reduction initiatives. The decrease in gross margin in the Home and Networks segment was primarily due to: (i) continuing competitive pricing pressure in the market for GSM infrastructure equipment, and (ii) lower sales of iDEN infrastructure equipment, partially offset by increased sales of digital entertainment devices. The increase in gross margin in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment was primarily due to the 43% increase in net sales, driven by net sales from the Symbol business acquired in January 2007, as well as higher net sales in the government and public safety market due to strong demand in North America.

 

Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased in 2007 as compared to 2006, reflecting decreases in all three of the Company’s business segments. The Company’s overall gross margin as a percentage of net sales can be impacted by the proportion of overall net sales generated by its various businesses.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased 13% to $5.1 billion, or 13.9% of net sales, in 2007, compared to $4.5 billion, or 10.5% of net sales, in 2006. In 2007 compared to 2006, SG&A expenses increased in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions and Home and Networks Mobility segments and decreased in the Mobile Devices segment. The increases in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions and Home and Networks Mobility segments were primarily due to expenses from recently acquired businesses, partially offset by savings from cost-reduction initiatives. The decrease in the Mobile Devices segment was primarily due to lower marketing expenses and savings from cost-reduction initiatives, partially offset by increased expenditures on information technology upgrades. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales increased in the Mobile Devices and Enterprise Mobility Solutions segments and decreased in the Home and Networks Mobility segment.

 

Research and Development Expenditures

 

Research and development (“R&D”) expenditures increased 8% to $4.4 billion, or 12.1% of net sales, in 2007, compared to $4.1 billion, or 9.5% of net sales, in 2006. In 2007 compared to 2006, R&D expenditures increased in the Mobile Devices and Enterprise Mobility Solutions segments and decreased in the Home and Networks Mobility segment. The increase in the Mobile Devices segment was primarily due to developmental engineering expenditures for new product development and investment in next-generation technologies, partially offset by savings from cost-reduction initiatives. The increase in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment was primarily due to R&D expenditures incurred by recently acquired businesses, partially offset by savings from cost-reduction initiatives. The decrease in the Home and Networks Mobility segment was primarily due to savings from cost-reduction initiatives, partially offset by expenditures by recently acquired businesses and continued investment in digital entertainment devices and WiMAX. R&D expenditures as a percentage of net sales increased

43

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

in the Mobile Devices segment and decreased in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions and Home and Networks Mobility segments. The Company participates in very competitive industries with constant changes in technology and, accordingly, the Company continues to believe that a strong commitment to R&D is required to drive long-term growth.

 

Other Charges (Income)

 

The Company recorded net charges of $984 million in Other charges (income) in 2007, compared to net charges of $25 million in 2006. The net charges in 2007 include: (i) $369 million of charges relating to the amortization of intangibles, (ii) $290 million of net reorganization of business charges, (iii) $140 million of charges for legal settlements and related insurance matters, (iv) $96 million of acquisition-related in-process research and development charges (“IPR&D”) relating to 2007 acquisitions, and (v) $89 million for asset impairment charges. The net charges in 2006 included: (i) $172 million of net reorganization of business charges, (ii) $100 million of charges relating to the amortization of intangibles, (iii) an $88 million charitable contribution to the Motorola Foundation of appreciated equity holdings in a third party, (iv) $50 million of legal reserves, and (v) $33 million of acquisition-related IPR&D charges relating to 2006 acquisitions, partially offset by $418 million of income for payments relating to the Telsim collection settlement. The net reorganization of business charges are discussed in further detail in the “Reorganization of Businesses” section.

 

Net Interest Income

 

Net interest income was $91 million in 2007, compared to net interest income of $326 million in 2006. Net interest income in 2007 included interest income of $456 million, partially offset by interest expense of $365 million. Net interest income in 2006 included interest income of $661 million, partially offset by interest expense of $335 million. The decrease in net interest income was primarily attributed to lower interest income due to the decrease in average cash, cash equivalents and Sigma Fund balances during 2007 compared to 2006, partially offset by higher interest rates.

 

Gains on Sales of Investments and Businesses

 

Gains on sales of investments and businesses were $50 million in 2007, compared to gains of $41 million in 2006. In 2007, the net gain primarily reflects a gain of $34 million from the sale of the Company’s embedded communications computing business. In 2006, the net gain primarily reflected a gain of $141 million on the sale of the Company’s remaining shares in Telus Corporation, partially offset by a loss of $126 million on the sale of the Company’s remaining shares in Sprint Nextel Corporation (“Sprint Nextel”).

 

Other

 

Income classified as Other, as presented in Other income (expense), was $22 million in 2007, compared to net income of $151 million in 2006. The net income in 2007 was primarily comprised of $97 million of foreign currency gains, partially offset by $62 million of investment impairment charges. The net income in 2006 was primarily comprised of: (i) a $99 million net gain due to an increase in market value of a zero-cost collar derivative entered into to protect the value of the Company’s investment in Sprint Nextel, and (ii) $60 million of foreign currency gains, partially offset by $27 million of investment impairment charges.

 

Effective Tax Rate

 

The Company recorded $285 million of net tax benefits in 2007, compared to $1.3 billion in net tax expense in 2006. The Company’s net tax benefit for 2007 was favorably impacted by an increase in tax credits compared to 2006. The Company’s net tax benefit was also favorably impacted by: (i) the settlement of tax positions, (ii) tax incentives received, and (iii) reversal of deferred tax valuation allowances, and unfavorably impacted by: (i) adjustments to deferred taxes in non-U.S. locations due to enacted tax rate changes, (ii) an increase in unrecognized tax benefits, and (iii) a non-deductible IPR&D charge. The Company’s effective tax rate for continuing operations, excluding the items described above and the tax impact of restructuring charges and asset impairments, was 26%.

 

The Company’s net tax expense of $1.3 billion in 2006 was favorably impacted by $348 million of net tax benefits relating to: (i) the reduction of valuation allowances, (ii) incremental tax benefits related to 2005 cash

44

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

repatriations, (iii) favorable tax settlements reached with foreign jurisdictions, (iv) tax benefits for foreign earnings permanently reinvested, (v) contribution of appreciated investments to the Company’s charitable foundation and unfavorably impacted by: (i) the incurrence of non-deductible IPR&D charges, and (ii) restructuring charges in low tax jurisdictions. The effective tax rate for 2006 excluding these items was 36%.

 

The effective tax rate for continuing operations excluding identified items of 26% for 2007 is less than the comparable effective tax rate of 36% for 2006 due to an increase in tax credits in 2007 compared to 2006 and a change in the mix of income and loss by region. In 2008, the Company currently expects the effective tax rate for continuing operations, excluding items of the type identified above, to be approximately 35%.

 

Earnings (Loss) from Continuing Operations

 

The Company incurred a net loss from continuing operations before income taxes of $390 million in 2007, compared to earnings from continuing operations before income taxes of $4.6 billion in 2006. After taxes, the Company incurred a loss from continuing operations of $105 million, or $0.05 per diluted share, in 2007, compared to earnings from continuing operations of $3.3 billion, or $1.30 per diluted share, in 2006.

 

The decrease in earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes in 2007 compared to 2006 is primarily attributed to: (i) a $2.8 billion decrease in gross margin, driven by decreases in gross margin in the Mobile Devices and Home and Network Mobility segments, partially offset by an increase in gross margin in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment, (ii) a $959 million increase in Other charges (income), (iii) a $588 million increase in SG&A expenses, (iv) a $323 million increase in R&D expenditures, (v) a $235 million decrease in net interest income, and (vi) a $129 million decrease in income classified as Other, as presented in Other income (expense).

 

Results of Operations—2006 Compared to 2005

 

Net Sales

 

Net sales were $42.8 billion in 2006, up 21% compared to net sales of $35.3 billion in 2005. The increase in net sales included: (i) a $6.9 billion increase in net sales by the Mobile Devices segment driven by a 49% increase in unit shipments, reflecting strong demand for GSM and CDMA handsets, partially offset by an 11% decline in average selling price (“ASP”), (ii) a $362 million increase in net sales by the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment, primarily due to higher net sales in the government and public safety market, and (iii) a $127 million increase in net sales by the Home and Networks Mobility segment, primarily driven by a 57% increase in unit shipments of digital entertainment devices, partially offset by lower net sales of wireless networks.

 

Gross Margin

 

Gross margin was $12.7 billion, or 29.7% of net sales, in 2006, compared to $11.4 billion, or 32.4% of net sales, in 2005. This increase in gross margin was primarily driven by the Mobile Devices segment, due to: (i) the 49% increase in unit shipments, (ii) savings from supply chain cost-reduction initiatives, and (iii) increased income from intellectual property and technology licensing, partially offset by an 11% decline in ASP. The Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment also achieved higher gross margin in 2006 compared to 2005, primarily driven by a 7% increase in net sales. The Home and Networks Mobility Solutions segment had lower gross margin in 2006 compared to 2005, primarily due to an unfavorable product/regional mix and competitive pricing in the wireless networks market, partially offset by higher gross margin in the home business.

 

Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased in 2006 compared to 2005, driven by decreases in the Mobile Devices and Home and Networks Mobility segments, partially offset by an increase in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment. The Company’s overall gross margin as a percentage of net sales can be impacted by the proportion of overall net sales generated by its various businesses. The decrease in overall gross margin as a percentage of net sales in 2006 compared to 2005 can be partially attributed to the fact that an increased percentage of the Company’s net sales were generated by the Mobile Devices segment in 2006, which generates lower gross margins than the overall Company average.

45

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

SG&A expenses increased 24% to $4.5 billion, or 10.5% of net sales, in 2006, compared to $3.6 billion, or 10.3% of net sales, in 2005. The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily driven by: (i) increased marketing expenses, mainly in the Mobile Devices segment, to support higher net sales and promote brand awareness, (ii) recognition of share-based compensation expense to SG&A-related employees in connection with the adoption of SFAS 123R, and (iii) increased selling and sales support expenses, driven by the increase in sales commissions from the increase in net sales. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales were up slightly in 2006 compared to 2005, driven by an increase in the Mobile Devices segment, offset by decreases in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions and Home and Networks Mobility segments.

 

Research and Development Expenditures

 

R&D expenditures increased 14% to $4.1 billion, or 9.5% of net sales, in 2006, compared to $3.6 billion, or 10.2% of net sales, in 2005. The increase in R&D expenditures was primarily driven by: (i) developmental engineering expenditures for new product development and investment in next-generation technologies, mainly in the Mobile Devices and Enterprise Mobility Solutions segments, and (ii) recognition of share-based compensation expense to R&D-related employees in connection with the adoption of SFAS 123R. R&D expenditures as a percentage of net sales decreased in 2006 compared to 2005, driven by decreases in the Mobile Devices and Home and Networks Mobility segments, offset by an increase in the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment.

 

Other Charges (Income)

 

The Company recorded charges of $25 million in Other charges (income) in 2006, compared to income of $404 million in 2005. The charges in 2006 included: (i) $172 million of net reorganization of business charges, (ii) $100 million of charges relating to the amortization of intangibles, (iii) an $88 million charitable contribution to the Motorola Foundation of appreciated equity holdings in a third party, (iv) $50 million of charges for legal reserves, and (v) $33 million of acquisition-related IPR&D charges relating to 2006 acquisitions, partially offset by $418 million of income for payments relating to the Telsim collection settlement. The net income in 2005 primarily consisted of $515 million of income for payments relating to the Telsim collection settlement, partially offset by: (i) $67 million of charges relating to the amortization of intangibles, and (ii) $54 million of net reorganization of business charges. The net reorganization of businesses charges are discussed in further detail in the “Reorganization of Businesses” section.

 

Net Interest Income

 

Net interest income was $326 million in 2006, compared to net interest income of $71 million in 2005. Net interest income in 2006 included interest income of $661 million, partially offset by interest expense of $335 million. Net interest income in 2005 included interest income of $396 million, partially offset by interest expense of $325 million. The increase in net interest income was primarily attributed to an increase in interest income due to higher average cash, cash equivalents and Sigma Fund balances earning interest at higher rates.

 

Gains on Sales of Investments and Businesses

 

Gains on sales of investments and businesses were $41 million in 2006, compared to $1.8 billion in 2005. In 2006, the $41 million of net gains primarily reflected a gain of $141 million on the sale of the Company’s remaining shares in Telus Corporation, partially offset by a loss of $126 million on the sale of the Company’s remaining shares in Sprint Nextel Corporation (“Sprint Nextel”). In 2005, the net gains were primarily related to: (i) a $1.3 billion net gain recognized in connection with the completion of the merger between Sprint Corporation (“Sprint”) and Nextel Communications, Inc. (“Nextel”), and (ii) a $609 million net gain on the sale of a portion of the Company’s shares of Nextel, partially offset by a $70 million net loss on the sale of a portion of the Company’s shares of Sprint Nextel.

 

Other

 

Income classified as Other, as presented in Other income (expense), was $151 million in 2006, compared to net charges of $109 million in 2005. The net income in 2006 was primarily comprised of: (i) a $99 million net gain due to an increase in market value of a zero-cost collar derivative entered into to protect the value of the

46

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Company’s investment in Sprint Nextel, and (ii) $60 million of foreign currency gains, partially offset by $27 million of investment impairment charges. In 2005, the net charges were primarily comprised of: (i) $137 million of debt retirement costs, relating to the Company’s repurchase of an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion of long-term debt through cash tender offers, (ii) $38 million of foreign currency losses, and (iii) $25 million in investment impairment charges, partially offset by: (i) a $51 million gain due to an increase in the market value of variable forward instruments entered into to protect the value of the Company’s investment in Nextel common stock prior to the merger of Sprint and Nextel, and (ii) $30 million in income from the repayment of a previously-reserved loan related to Iridium.

 

Effective Tax Rate

 

The Company recorded $1.3 billion of net tax expense in 2006, compared to $1.9 billion of net tax expense in 2005. During 2006, the Company recorded $348 million of net tax benefits relating to: (i) the reduction of valuation allowances, (ii) incremental tax benefits related to 2005 cash repatriations, (iii) favorable tax settlements reached with foreign jurisdictions, (iv) tax benefits for foreign earnings permanently reinvested, (v) contribution of appreciated investments to the Company’s charitable foundation and unfavorably impacted by: (i) the incurrence of non-deductible IPR&D charges, and (ii) restructuring charges in low tax jurisdictions. The effective tax rate for 2006 excluding these items was 36%.

 

During 2005, the tax rate reflected a $265 million net tax benefit related to the repatriation of foreign earnings under the provisions of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 and an $81 million net tax benefit on the stock sale of a sensor business that was divested in 2005.

 

Earnings from Continuing Operations

 

The Company had earnings from continuing operations before income taxes of $4.6 billion in 2006, compared to earnings from continuing operations before income taxes of $6.4 billion in 2005. After taxes, the Company had earnings from continuing operations of $3.3 billion, or $1.30 per diluted share, in 2006, compared with earnings from continuing operations of $4.5 billion, or $1.79 per diluted share, in 2005.

 

The decrease in earnings from continuing operations before income taxes in 2006 compared to 2005 is primarily attributed to: (i) a $1.8 billion decrease in gains on the sale of investments and businesses, (ii) an $876 million increase in SG&A expenses, (iii) a $506 million increase in R&D expenditures, and (iv) a $429 million change in Other charges (income). These negative impacts on operating earnings were partially offset by: (i) a $1.3 billion increase in gross margin, primarily due to the $7.5 billion increase in net sales, (ii) a $260 million increase in income classified as Other, as presented in Other income (expense), and (iii) a $255 million increase in net interest income.

 

Reorganization of Businesses

 

The Company maintains a formal Involuntary Severance Plan (the “Severance Plan”) which permits the Company to offer eligible employees severance benefits based on years of service and employment grade level in the event that employment is involuntarily terminated as a result of a reduction-in-force or restructuring. Each separate reduction-in-force has qualified for severance benefits under the Severance Plan. The Company recognizes termination benefits based on formulas per the Severance Plan at the point in time that future settlement is probable and can be reasonably estimated based on estimates prepared at the time a restructuring plan is approved by management. Exit costs primarily consist of future minimum lease payments on vacated facilities. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates its accruals for exit costs and employee separation costs to ensure the accruals are still appropriate. In certain circumstances, accruals are no longer required because of efficiencies in carrying out the plans or because employees previously identified for separation resigned from the Company and did not receive severance or were redeployed due to circumstances not foreseen when the original plans were initiated. The Company reverses accruals through the income statement line item where the original charges were recorded when it is determined they are no longer required.

 

The Company realized cost-saving benefits of approximately $165 million in 2007 from the plans that were initiated during 2007, representing: (i) $93 million of savings in R&D expenditures, (ii) $46 million of savings in SG&A expenses, and (iii) $26 million of savings in Costs of sales. Beyond 2007, the Company expects the reorganization plans initiated during 2007 to provide annualized cost savings of approximately $548 million,

47

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

representing: (i) $251 million of savings in R&D expenditures, (ii) $167 million of savings in SG&A expenses, and (iii) $130 million of savings in Cost of sales.

 

2007 Charges

 

During 2007, the Company committed to implement various productivity improvement plans aimed at achieving long-term, sustainable profitability by driving efficiencies and reducing operating costs. All three of the Company’s business segments, as well as corporate functions, are impacted by these plans. The majority of the employees affected are located in North America and Europe. The Company recorded net reorganization of business charges of $394 million, including $104 million of charges in Costs of sales and $290 million of charges under Other charges (income) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Included in the aggregate $394 million are charges of $401 million for employee separation costs, $42 million for fixed asset impairment charges and $19 million for exit costs, offset by reversals for accruals no longer needed.

 

The following table displays the net reorganization of business charges by segment:

 

 

The following table displays a rollforward of the reorganization of businesses accruals established for exit costs and employee separation costs from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007:

 

 

 

Exit Costs—Lease Terminations

 

At January 1, 2007, the Company had an accrual of $54 million for exit costs attributable to lease terminations. The 2007 additional charges of $19 million are primarily related to the exit of certain activities and leased facilities in Ireland by the Home and Networks Mobility segment. The 2007 adjustments of $2 million represent accruals for exit costs established through purchase accounting for businesses acquired. The $33 million used in 2007 reflects cash payments. The remaining accrual of $42 million, which is included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2007, represents future cash payments for lease termination obligations.

 

Employee Separation Costs

 

At January 1, 2007, the Company had an accrual of $104 million for employee separation costs, representing the severance costs for approximately 2,300 employees. The 2007 additional charges of $401 million represent severance costs for approximately 6,700 employees, of which 2,400 were direct employees and 4,300 were indirect employees.

 

The adjustments of $64 million reflect $68 million of reversals of accruals no longer needed, partially offset by $4 million of accruals for severance plans established through purchase accounting for businesses acquired. The $68 million of reversals represent previously accrued costs for 1,100 employees, and primarily relates to a strategic

48

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

change regarding a plant closure and specific employees previously identified for separation who resigned from the Company and did not receive severance or who were redeployed due to circumstances not foreseen when the original plans were approved. The $4 million of accruals represents severance plans for approximately 200 employees established through purchase accounting for businesses acquired.

 

During 2007, approximately 5,300 employees, of which 1,700 were direct employees and 3,600 were indirect employees, were separated from the Company. The $248 million used in 2007 reflects cash payments to these separated employees. The remaining accrual of $193 million, which is included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2007, is expected to be paid to approximately 2,800 employees to be separated in 2008.

 

2006 Charges

 

During 2006, the Company committed to implement various productivity improvement plans aimed principally at: (i) reducing costs in its supply-chain activities, (ii) integration synergies, and (iii) reducing other operating expenses, primarily relating to engineering and development costs. The Company recorded net reorganization of business charges of $213 million, including $41 million of charges in Costs of sales and $172 million of charges under Other charges in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. Included in the aggregate $213 million are charges of $191 million for employee separation costs, $15 million for fixed asset impairment charges and $30 million for exit costs, partially offset by $23 million of reversals for accruals no longer needed. Total employees impacted by the actions committed to in 2006 were 3,900.

 

The following table displays the net reorganization of business charges by segment:

 

 

The following table displays a rollforward of the reorganization of business accruals established for exit costs and employee separation costs from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006:

 

 

 

Exit Costs—Lease Terminations

 

At January 1, 2006, the Company had an accrual of $50 million for exit costs attributable to lease terminations. The 2006 additional charges of $30 million were primarily related to a lease cancellation by the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment. The 2006 adjustments of $7 million represent reversals of accruals no longer needed. The $19 million used in 2006 reflects cash payments to lessors. The remaining accrual of $54 million, which is included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2006, represented future cash payments for lease termination obligations.

 

Employee Separation Costs

 

At January 1, 2006, the Company had an accrual of $53 million for employee separation costs, representing the severance costs for approximately 1,600 employees, of which 1,100 were direct employees and 500 were indirect employees. The 2006 additional charges of $191 million represented costs for an additional

49

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

3,900 employees, of which 1,700 were direct employees and 2,200 were indirect employees. The adjustments of $16 million represented reversals of accruals no longer needed.

 

During 2006, approximately 3,200 employees, of which 1,400 were direct employees and 1,800 were indirect employees, were separated from the Company. The $124 million used in 2006 reflects cash payments to these separated employees. The remaining accrual of $104 million, was included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2006.

 

2005 Charges

 

During 2005, the Company recorded net reorganization of business charges of $91 million, including $37 million of charges in Costs of sales and $54 million of charges under Other charges in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Included in the aggregate $91 million are charges of $86 million for employee separation costs and $15 million for fixed asset impairment charges and $5 million for exit costs, partially offset by $15 million of reversals for accruals no longer needed. Total employees impacted by these action were approximately 2,600.

 

The following table displays the net reorganization of business charges by segment:

 

 

The following table displays a rollforward of the reorganization of business accruals established for exit costs and employee separation costs from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2005:

 

 

 

Exit Costs—Lease Terminations

 

At January 1, 2005, the Company had an accrual of $73 million for exit costs attributable to lease terminations. The 2005 additional charges of $5 million were primarily related to a lease cancellation by the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment. The 2005 adjustments of $7 million represented reversals of $1 million for accruals no longer needed and $6 million of translation adjustments. The $21 million used in 2005 reflected cash payments to lessors. The remaining accrual of $50 million, which was included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2005, represented future cash payments for lease termination obligations.

 

Employee Separation Costs

 

At January 1, 2005, the Company had an accrual of $41 million for employee separation costs, representing the severance costs for approximately 400 employees, of which 50 were direct employees and 350 were indirect employees. The 2005 additional charges of $86 million represented the severance costs for approximately 2,600 employees, of which 1,300 were direct employees and 1,300 were indirect employees. The adjustments of $14 million represented reversals of accruals no longer needed.

50

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

During 2005, approximately 1,400 employees, of which 300 were direct employees and 1,100 were indirect employees, were separated from the Company. The $60 million used in 2005 reflected cash payments to these separated employees. The remaining accrual of $53 million was included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2005.

 

51

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Accounts Payable:   The Company’s net accounts payable were $4.2 billion at December 31, 2007, compared to $5.1 billion at December 31, 2006. The Company’s days payable outstanding (“DPO”) were 53 days at December 31, 2007, compared to 52 days at December 31, 2006. DPO is calculated by dividing accounts payable by the average daily cost of sales. The Company buys products in a variety of markets throughout the world and payment terms can vary by market type and geographic location. Accordingly, the Company’s levels of accounts payable and DPO can be impacted by the timing and level of purchases made by its various businesses and by the geographic locations in which those purchases are made.

 

Cash Conversion Cycle:   The Company’s cash conversion cycle (“CCC”) was 33 days at December 31, 2007, compared to 38 days at December 31, 2006. CCC is calculated by adding DSO and DSI and subtracting DPO. The decrease in CCC at December 31, 2007, compared to December 31, 2006, was driven by lower CCC in the Home and Networks Mobility and Enterprise Mobility Solutions segments.

 

Reorganization of Businesses:   The Company has implemented reorganization of businesses plans. Cash payments for exit costs and employee separations in connection with a number of these plans were $281 million in 2007, as compared to $143 million in 2006. Of the $235 million reorganization of businesses accrual at December 31, 2007, $193 million relates to employee separation costs and is expected to be paid in 2008. The remaining $42 million in accruals relate to lease termination obligations that are expected to be paid over a number of years.

 

Defined Benefit Plan Contributions:   The Company contributed $274 million to its U.S. pension plans during 2007, compared to $276 million contributed in 2006. The Company contributed $135 million to its non-U.S. pension plans during 2007, compared to $122 million contributed in 2006. During 2008, the Company expects to make cash contributions of approximately $240 million to its U.S. pension plans and approximately $50 million to its non-U.S. pension plans. The Company contributed $15 million to its retiree health care plan in 2007, compared to $27 million in 2006, and expects to contribute approximately $20 million to this plan in 2008. Retirement-related benefits are further discussed below in the “Significant Accounting Policies—Retirement-Related Benefits” section.

 

Investing Activities

 

The most significant components of the Company’s investing activities include: (i) proceeds from sales of Sigma Fund investments, (ii) strategic acquisitions of, or investments in, other companies, (iii) capital expenditures, and (iv) proceeds from sales of investments and businesses.

 

Net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations was $2.4 billion in 2007, compared to net cash used of $1.4 billion in 2006 and net cash used of $2.4 billion in 2005. This $3.8 billion increase in cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations was due to: (i) an $8.2 billion increase in proceeds from sales of Sigma Fund investments, (ii) a $484 million increase in proceeds from sales of short-term investments, (iii) a $122 million decrease in capital expenditures, and (iv) an $81 million increase in proceeds received from the disposition of property, plant and equipment, partially offset by: (i) a $3.5 billion increase in cash used for acquisitions and investments, and (ii) a $1.6 billion decrease in proceeds from sales of investments and businesses. The $2.4 billion in cash used for investing activities from continuing operations in 2005 was primarily due to the $3.2 billion of net cash used for purchase of Sigma Fund investments, partially offset by $1.5 billion in proceeds from sale of investments and businesses.

 

Sigma Fund:   The Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries invest most of their excess cash in a fund (the “Sigma Fund”) that is similar to a money market fund. During 2007, the Company liquidated a similar second fund and now maintains only one fund. The Company received $6.9 billion in net proceeds from sales of Sigma Fund investments in 2007, compared to $1.3 billion in net cash used to purchase Sigma Fund investments in 2006. The Sigma Fund aggregate balances were $5.2 billion at December 31, 2007, compared to $12.2 billion at December 31, 2006. At December 31, 2007, $1.7 billion of the Sigma Fund investments were held in the U.S. and $3.5 billion were held by the Company or its subsidiaries in other countries. Repatriation of some of these funds could be subject to delay and could have potential adverse tax consequences.

 

The Sigma Fund portfolio is managed by four major independent investment management firms. Investments are made in high-quality, investment grade (rated at least A/A-1 by S&P or A2/P-1 by Moody’s at purchase date), U.S. dollar-denominated debt obligations including certificates of deposit, commercial paper, government bonds, corporate bonds and asset- and mortgage-backed securities. The Sigma Fund’s investment policies require that floating rate instruments must have a maturity, at purchase date, that does not exceed thirty-six months with an

52

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

interest rate reset at least annually. The average reset maturity of the investments held by the funds must be 120 days or less with the actual average reset maturity of the investments being 40 days and 53 days at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

During 2007, the Company recorded a $75 million reduction in the available-for-sale securities held in the Sigma Fund, reflecting a decline in the fair value of the securities. As of December 31, 2007, $57 million of this reduction represents a broad-based temporary decline in market value of various securities primarily due to credit spreads widening in several debt market segments, with the offsetting reduction reflected in Non-owners changes to equity. The Company believes credit market spreads will return to normal levels in the future. Additionally, due to the high credit ratings of the underlying securities, it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts according to the contractual terms of the corporate bonds where fair values are less than their cost as of December 31, 2007. It is for these reasons that the unrealized losses on these corporate bonds are considered temporary. If it becomes probable that the Company will not collect all amounts in accordance with the contractual terms of a corporate bond, the Company considers the decline other-than-temporary. The remaining $18 million reduction in available-for-sale securities held by the Sigma Fund represents an other-than-temporary decline and has been reflected as an investment impairment.

 

Strategic Acquisitions and Investments:   The Company used net cash for acquisitions and new investment activities of $4.6 billion in 2007, compared to net cash used of $1.1 billion in 2006 and net cash used of $312 million in 2005. The largest components of the $4.6 billion in 2007 expenditures were: (i) $3.5 billion for the acquisition of Symbol Technologies, Inc. (part of the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment), (ii) $438 million for the acquisition of Good Technology, Inc. (part of the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment), (iii) $183 million for Netopia, Inc. (part of the Home and Networks Mobility segment), (iv) $137 million for Terayon Communications Systems (part of the Home and Networks Mobility segment), (v) the acquisition of Tut Systems, Inc. (part of the Home and Networks Mobility segment), (vi) the acquisition of Modulus Video, Inc. (part of the Home and Networks Mobility segment), and (vii) the acquisition of Leapstone Systems, Inc. (part of the Home and Networks Mobility segment). The largest components of the $1.1 billion in 2006 expenditures were: (i) $300 million for an equity investment in Clearwire, Inc., (ii) $193 million for the acquisition of TTP Communications plc (part of the Mobile Devices segment), (iii) $181 million for the acquisition of Broadbus Technologies, Inc. (part of the Home and Networks Mobility segment), (iv) $108 million for the acquisition of Kreatel Communications AB (part of the Home and Networks Mobility segment), (v) the acquisition of Orthogon Systems (part of the Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment), and (vi) the acquisition of NextNet Wireless, Inc. (part of the Home and Networks Mobility segment).

 

Capital Expenditures:   Capital expenditures were $527 million in 2007, compared to $649 million in 2006 and $548 million in 2005. The Company’s emphasis in making capital expenditures is to focus on strategic investments driven by customer demand and new design capability.

 

Sales of Investments and Businesses:   The Company received $411 million in proceeds from the sales of investments and businesses in 2007, compared to proceeds of $2.0 billion in 2006 and $1.5 billion in 2005. The $411 million in proceeds in 2007 were primarily comprised of $346 million from the sale of the Company’s embedded communications computing business. The $2.0 billion in proceeds in 2006 were primarily comprised of: (i) $856 million in net proceeds from the sale of the automotive electronics business, (ii) $820 million from the sale of the Company’s remaining shares in Sprint Nextel Corporation (“Sprint Nextel”) and the termination and cash settlement of a zero-cost collar derivative relating to these Sprint Nextel shares, and (iii) $175 million from the sale of the Company’s remaining shares in Telus Corporation.

 

Short-Term Investments:   At December 31, 2007, the Company had $612 million in short-term investments (which are highly-liquid fixed-income investments with an original maturity greater than three months but less than one year), compared to $620 million of short-term investments at December 31, 2006.

 

Investment Securities:   In addition to available cash and cash equivalents, Sigma Fund balances and short-term investments, the Company views its investment securities as an additional source of liquidity. The majority of these securities represent investments in technology companies and, accordingly, the fair market values of these securities are subject to substantial price volatility. In addition, the realizable value of these securities is subject to market and other conditions. At December 31, 2007, the Company’s available-for-sale securities portfolio had an approximate fair market value of $333 million, which represented a cost basis of $372 million and a net unrealized loss of $39 million. At December 31, 2006, the Company’s available-for-sale securities portfolio had an approximate fair market value of $130 million, which represented a cost basis of $70 million and a net unrealized gain of $60 million.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Financing Activities

 

The most significant components of the Company’s financing activities are: (i) the purchase of the Company’s common stock under its share repurchase program, (ii) the net proceeds from issuance of debt, (iii) repayment of debt, (iv) the payment of dividends, (v) proceeds from the issuances of stock due to the exercise of employee stock options and purchases under the employee stock purchase plan, (vi) repayment of commercial paper and short-term borrowings, (vii) distributions to discontinued operations, and (viii) excess tax benefits from share-based compensation.

 

Net cash used for financing activities from continuing operations was $3.3 billion in 2007, compared to $3.2 billion of cash used in 2006 and $907 million of cash used in 2005. Cash used for financing activities from continuing operations in 2007 was primarily: (i) $3.0 billion of cash used to purchase 171.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock under the share repurchase program, (ii) $1.4 billion of cash used for the repayment of maturing debt, (iii) $468 million of cash used to pay dividends, (iv) $242 million of net cash used for the repayment of commercial paper and short-term borrowings, and (v) $75 million in distributions to discontinued operations, partially offset by proceeds of: (i) $1.4 billion received from the issuance of long-term debt, (ii) $440 million received from the issuance of common stock in connection with the Company’s employee stock option plans and employee stock purchase plan, and (iii) $50 million in excess tax benefits from share-based compensation.

 

Cash used for financing activities from continuing operations in 2006 was primarily: (i) $3.8 billion of cash used to purchase 171.7 million shares of the Company’s common stock under the share repurchase program, (ii) $443 million of cash used to pay dividends, (iii) $23 million in distributions to discontinued operations, and (iv) $18 million of cash used for the repayment of debt, partially offset by proceeds of: (i) $918 million received from the issuance of common stock in connection with the Company’s employee stock option plans and employee stock purchase plan, (ii) $165 million in excess tax benefits from share-based compensation, and (iii) $66 million in net proceeds from commercial paper and short-term borrowings.

 

Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Debt:   At December 31, 2007, the Company’s outstanding notes payable and current portion of long-term debt was $332 million, compared to $1.7 billion at December 31, 2006. In January 2007, the Company repaid, at maturity, the entire $118 million aggregate principal amount outstanding of its 7.6% Notes due January 1, 2007. In November 2007, the Company repaid, at maturity, the entire $1.2 billion aggregate principal amount outstanding of its 4.608% Senior Notes due November 16, 2007. During 2007, $114 million of 6.50% Senior Notes due March 1, 2008 and $84 million of 5.80% Senior Notes due October 15, 2008 were reclassified to current portion of long-term debt.

 

Net cash used for the repayment of commercial paper and short-term borrowings was $242 million in 2007, compared to $66 million of net cash proceeds from the sale of commercial paper and short-term borrowings in 2006. The Company had no commercial paper outstanding on December 31, 2007, compared to $300 million of outstanding commercial paper on December 31, 2006. The Company continues to have access to the commercial paper markets. For the past four years, the Company has generally maintained commercial paper balances between $300 million and $400 million. However, as a result of conditions in the credit markets, the interest rates the Company would have to pay to issue commercial paper increased during the third and fourth quarters of 2007. Accordingly, the Company elected to eliminate its commercial paper outstanding until pricing becomes more favorable. The Company will issue commercial paper when it believes it is prudent to do so in light of prevailing market conditions and other factors.

 

Long-term Debt:   At December 31, 2007, the Company had outstanding long-term debt of $4.0 billion, compared to $2.7 billion at December 31, 2006. The Company continues to have access to the long-term debt markets.

 

In November 2007, the Company issued an aggregate face principal amount of: (i) $400 million of 5.375% Senior Notes due November 15, 2012, (ii) $400 million of 6.00% Senior Notes due November 15, 2017, and (iii) $600 million of 6.625% Senior Notes due November 15, 2037.

 

The Company may from time to time seek to opportunistically retire certain of its outstanding debt through open market cash purchases, privately-negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company’s liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.

 

Share Repurchase Program:   During 2007, the Company repurchased 171.2 million of its common shares at an aggregate cost of $3.0 billion, or an average cost of $17.74 per share. In 2006, the Company repurchased a

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OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

total of 171.7 million of its common shares at an aggregate cost of $3.8 billion, or an average cost of $22.29 per share. In 2005, the Company repurchased a total of 41.7 million shares at an aggregate cost of $874 million, or an average cost of $20.96 per share. Since the inception of its first-ever share repurchase program in May 2005, the Company has repurchased a total of 384.6 million of its common shares for an aggregate cost of $7.7 billion. All repurchased shares have been retired.

 

Through actions taken in July 2006 and March 2007, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase an aggregate amount of up to $7.5 billion of its outstanding shares of common stock over a period ending in June 2009, subject to market conditions (the “2006 Stock Repurchase Program”). As of December 31, 2007, the Company remained authorized to purchase an aggregate amount of up to $3.8 billion of additional shares under the 2006 Stock Repurchase Program.

 

Credit Ratings:   Three independent credit rating agencies, Fitch Investors Service (“Fitch”), Moody’s Investor Services (“Moody’s”), and Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”), assign ratings to the Company’s short-term and long-term debt. The following chart reflects the current ratings assigned to the Company’s senior unsecured non-credit enhanced long-term debt and the Company’s commercial paper by each of these agencies.

 

 

The Company’s debt ratings are considered “investment grade.” If the Company’s senior long-term debt were rated lower than “BBB-” by S&P or Fitch or “Baa3” by Moody’s (which would be a decline of two levels from current Fitch and S&P ratings), the Company’s long-term debt would no longer be considered “investment grade.” If this were to occur, the terms on which the Company could borrow money would become more onerous. The Company would also have to pay higher fees related to its domestic revolving credit facility. The Company has never borrowed under its domestic revolving credit facilities.

 

As further described under “Customer Financing Arrangements” below, for many years the Company has utilized a number of receivables programs to sell a broadly-diversified group of short-term receivables to third parties. Certain of the short-term receivables are sold to a multi-seller commercial paper conduit. This program provides for up to $400 million of short-term receivables to be outstanding with the conduit at any time. The obligations of the conduit to continue to purchase receivables under this short-term receivables program could be terminated if the Company’s long-term debt was rated lower than “BB+” by S&P or “Ba1” by Moody’s (which would be a decline of three levels from the current S&P rating). If this short-term receivables program were terminated, the Company would no longer be able to sell its short-term receivables to the conduit in this manner, but it would not have to repurchase previously-sold receivables.

 

Credit Facilities

 

At December 31, 2007, the Company’s total domestic and non-U.S. credit facilities totaled $4.3 billion, of which $314 million was considered utilized. These facilities are principally comprised of: (i) a $2.0 billion five-year revolving domestic credit facility maturing in December 2011 (the “5-Year Credit Facility”) which is not utilized, and (ii) $2.3 billion of uncommitted non-U.S. credit facilities (of which $314 million was considered utilized at December 31, 2007). Unused availability under the existing credit facilities, together with available cash, cash equivalents, Sigma Fund balances and other sources of liquidity, are generally available to support outstanding commercial paper, of which none was outstanding at December 31, 2007.

 

In order to borrow funds under the 5-Year Credit Facility, the Company must be in compliance with various conditions, covenants and representations contained in the agreements. The Company was in compliance with the terms of the 5-Year Credit Facility at December 31, 2007. The Company has never borrowed under its domestic

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

revolving credit facilities. Utilization of the non-U.S. credit facilities may also be dependent on the Company’s ability to meet certain conditions at the time a borrowing is requested.

 

 

 

Debt Obligations:   At December 31, 2007, the Company’s long-term debt obligations, including current maturities and unamortized discount and issue costs, totaled $4.2 billion, as compared to $4.1 billion at December 31, 2006. A table of all outstanding long-term debt securities can be found in Note 4, “Debt and Credit Facilities,” to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Purchase Obligations:   The Company has entered into agreements for the purchase of inventory, license of software, promotional activities, and research and development, which are firm commitments and are not cancelable. The longest of these agreements extends through 2015. Total payments expected to be made under these agreements total $2.2 billion.

 

The Company enters into a number of arrangements for the sourcing of supplies and materials with take-or-pay obligations. The Company’s obligations with these suppliers run through 2011 and total a minimum purchase obligation of $1.2 billion during that period. The $1.2 billion reflects an amended agreement that was completed subsequent to December 31, 2007 with one supplier that reduced the Company’s minimum purchase obligation by approximately $200 million. Subsequent to the end of 2007, the Company entered into new take-or-pay arrangements with suppliers that extend through 2009 with minimum purchase obligations of $63 million. The Company does not anticipate the cancellation of any of these agreements in the future and estimates that purchases from these suppliers will exceed the minimum obligations during the agreement periods.

 

Lease Obligations:   The Company owns most of its major facilities, but does lease certain office, factory and warehouse space, land, and information technology and other equipment under principally non-cancelable operating leases. At December 31, 2007, future minimum lease obligations, net of minimum sublease rentals, totaled $1.4 billion. Rental expense, net of sublease income, was $231 million in 2007, $241 million in 2006 and $250 million in 2005.

 

Tax Obligations:   The Company has approximately $1.4 billion of unrecognized income tax benefits relating to multiple tax jurisdictions and tax years. A significant portion of the unrecognized tax benefits, if settled, would not result in current or future payments as tax carry forwards are available for utilization. The Company anticipates that it is reasonably possible that $40 million of unrecognized tax benefits could be settled in 2008. However, it is not possible to estimate the timing of any other potential settlements.

 

Commitments Under Other Long-Term Agreements:   The Company has entered into certain long-term agreements to purchase software, components, supplies and materials from suppliers. Most of the agreements extend for periods of one to three years (three to five years for software). However, generally these agreements do not obligate the Company to make any purchases, and many permit the Company to terminate the agreement with advance notice (usually ranging from 60 to 180 days). If the Company were to terminate these agreements, it generally would be liable for certain termination charges, typically based on work performed and supplier on-hand inventory and raw materials attributable to canceled orders. The Company’s liability would only arise in the event it terminates the agreements for reasons other than “cause.”

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The Company outsources certain corporate functions, such as benefit administration and information technology-related services. These contracts are expected to expire in 2013. The total remaining payments under these contracts are approximately $1.1 billion over the remaining 6 years; however, these contracts can be terminated. Termination would result in a penalty substantially less than the remaining annual contract payments. The Company would also be required to find another source for these services, including the possibility of performing them in-house.

 

As is customary in bidding for and completing network infrastructure projects and pursuant to a practice the Company has followed for many years, the Company has a number of performance/bid bonds and standby letters of credit outstanding, primarily relating to projects of the Enterprise Mobility Solutions and Home and Networks Mobility segments. These instruments normally have maturities of up to three years and are standard in the industry as a way to give customers a convenient mechanism to seek resolution if a contractor does not satisfy performance requirements under a contract. A customer can draw on the instrument only if the Company does not fulfill all terms of a project contract. If such an occasion occurred, the Company would be obligated to reimburse the financial institution that issued the bond or letter of credit for the amounts paid. The Company is not generally required to post any cash in connection with the issuance of these bonds or letters of credit. In its long history, it has been extraordinarily uncommon for the Company to have a performance/bid bond or standby letter of credit drawn upon. At December 31, 2007, outstanding performance/bid bonds and standby letters of credit totaled approximately $1.7 billion, compared to $1.5 billion at the end of 2006.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements:   Under the definition contained in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K, the Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

Customer Financing Commitments and Guarantees

 

Outstanding Commitments:   Certain purchasers of the Company’s infrastructure equipment continue to request that suppliers provide financing in connection with equipment purchases. These requests may include all or a portion of the purchase price of the equipment. Periodically, the Company makes commitments to provide financing to purchasers in connection with the sale of equipment. However, the Company’s obligation to provide financing is often conditioned on the issuance of a letter of credit in favor of the Company by a reputable bank to support the purchaser’s credit or a pre-existing commitment from a reputable bank to purchase the receivable from the Company. The Company had outstanding commitments to extend long-term credit to third parties totaling $610 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $398 million at December 31, 2006. Of these amounts, $454 million was supported by letters of credit or by bank commitments to purchase receivables at December 31, 2007, compared to $262 million at December 31, 2006.

 

Guarantees of Third-Party Debt:   In addition to providing direct financing to certain equipment customers, the Company also assists customers in obtaining financing directly from banks and other sources to fund equipment purchases. The Company had committed to provide financial guarantees relating to customer financing totaling $42 million and $122 million at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively (including $23 million and $19 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, relating to the sale of short-term receivables). Customer financing guarantees outstanding were $3 million and $47 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively (including $0 million and $2 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, relating to the sale of short-term receivables).

 

Customer Financing Arrangements

 

Outstanding Finance Receivables:   The Company had net finance receivables of $118 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $269 million at December 31, 2006 (net of allowances for losses of $5 million at December 31, 2007 and $10 million at December 31, 2006). These finance receivables are generally interest bearing, with rates ranging from 3% to 14%. Interest income recognized on finance receivables for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $7 million, $9 million and $7 million, respectively.

 

Sales of Receivables and Loans:   From time to time, the Company sells short-term receivables, long-term loans and lease receivables under sales-type leases (collectively, “finance receivables”) to third parties in transactions that qualify as “true-sales.” Certain of these finance receivables are sold to third parties on a one-time, non-recourse basis, while others are sold to third parties under committed facilities that involve contractual commitments from these parties to purchase qualifying receivables up to an outstanding monetary limit. Committed facilities may be revolving in nature and, typically, must be renewed on an annual basis. Certain sales

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

may be made through separate legal entities that are also consolidated by the Company. The Company may or may not retain the obligation to service the sold finance receivables.

 

In the aggregate, at December 31, 2007, these committed facilities provided for up to $1.4 billion to be outstanding with the third parties at any time, as compared to up to $1.3 billion provided at December 31, 2006 and up to $1.1 billion provided at December 31, 2005. As of December 31, 2007, $497 million of these committed facilities were utilized, compared to $817 million utilized at December 31, 2006 and $585 million utilized at December 31, 2005. Certain events could cause one of these facilities to terminate. In addition, before receivables can be sold under certain of the committed facilities, they may need to meet contractual requirements, such as credit quality or insurability.

 

Total finance receivables sold by the Company were $4.9 billion in 2007 (including $4.7 billion of short-term receivables), compared to $6.4 billion sold in 2006 (including $6.2 billion of short-term receivables) and $4.5 billion sold in 2005 (including $4.2 billion of short-term receivables). As of December 31, 2007, there were $978 million of receivables outstanding under these programs for which the Company retained servicing obligations (including $587 million of short-term receivables), compared to $1.1 billion outstanding at December 31, 2006 (including $789 million of short-term receivables) and $1.0 billion outstanding at December 31, 2005 (including $838 million of short-term receivables).

 

Under certain receivables programs, the value of the receivables sold is covered by credit insurance obtained from independent insurance companies, less deductibles or self-insurance requirements under the policies (with the Company retaining credit exposure for the remaining portion). The Company’s total credit exposure to outstanding short-term receivables that have been sold was $23 million at December 31, 2007, as compared to $19 million at December 31, 2006. Reserves of $1 million and $4 million were recorded for potential losses on sold receivables at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.

 

Adequate Internal and External Funding Resources

 

The Company believes that it has adequate internal and external resources available to fund expected working capital and capital expenditure requirements for the next twelve months as supported by the level of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and Sigma Fund balances in the U.S., the ability to repatriate cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and Sigma Fund balances from foreign jurisdictions, the ability to borrow under the committed credit facility or future credit facilities, the ability to issue commercial paper, and access to the short-term and long-term debt markets.

 

Other Contingencies

 

Potential Contractual Damage Claims in Excess of Underlying Contract Value:   In certain circumstances, our businesses may enter into contracts with customers pursuant to which the damages that could be claimed by the other party for failed performance might exceed the revenue the Company receives from the contract. Contracts with these sorts of uncapped damage provisions are fairly rare, but individual contracts could still represent meaningful risk. There is a possibility that a damage claim by a counterparty to one of these contracts could result in expenses to the Company that are far in excess of the revenue received from the counterparty in connection with the contract.

 

Indemnification Provisions:   In addition, the Company may provide indemnifications for losses that result from the breach of general warranties contained in certain commercial, intellectual property and divestiture agreements. Historically, the Company has not made significant payments under these agreements, nor have there been significant claims asserted against the Company. However, there is an increasing risk in relation to intellectual property indemnities given the current legal climate. In all indemnification cases, payment by the Company is conditioned on the other party making a claim pursuant to the procedures specified in the particular contract, which procedures typically allow the Company to challenge the other party’s claims. Further, the Company’s obligations under these agreements for indemnification based on breach of representations and warranties are generally limited in terms of duration, typically not more than 24 months, and for amounts not in excess of the contract value, and in some instances, the Company may have recourse against third parties for certain payments made by the Company.

 

Legal Matters:   The Company has several lawsuits filed against it relating to the Iridium program, as further described under Part I, Item 3: Legal Proceedings of this document. The Company has not reserved for any potential liability that may arise as a result of U.S. litigation related to the Iridium program. While the still pending

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

cases are in various stages and the outcomes are not predictable, an unfavorable outcome in one or more of these cases could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

 

The Company is a defendant in various other lawsuits, claims and actions which arise in the normal course of business. These include actions relating to products, contracts and securities, as well as matters initiated by third parties or Motorola relating to infringements of patents, violations of licensing arrangements and other intellectual property-related matters. In the opinion of management, and other than discussed above with respect to the still pending Iridium cases, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

 

Segment Information

 

The following commentary should be read in conjunction with the financial results of each reporting segment as detailed in Note 11, “Information by Segment and Geographic Region,” to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Net sales and operating results for the Company’s three operating segments for 2007, 2006 and 2005 are presented below.

 

 

 

 

Segment Results—2007 Compared to 2006

 

In 2007, the segment’s net sales were $19.0 billion, a decrease of 33% compared to net sales of $28.4 billion in 2006. The 33% decrease in net sales was primarily driven by: (i) a 27% decrease in unit shipments, (ii) a 9% decrease in average selling price (“ASP”), and (iii) decreased revenue from intellectual property and technology licensing. The segment’s product sales were negatively impacted by gaps in the segment’s product portfolio, including limited offerings of 3G products and products for the Multimedia and Mass Market product segments, as well as an aging product portfolio. On a product technology basis, net sales of products for: (i) GSM technology decreased substantially, (ii) iDEN and CDMA technologies decreased, and (iii) 3G technologies increased slightly. On a geographic basis, net sales decreased in all regions, and decreased substantially in the Asia and Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) regions. The substantial decrease in Asia, particularly in China, as well as in other emerging markets, was due to lower demand for our products as a result of an aging product portfolio and increased industry-wide competition. The substantial decrease in EMEA was due to gaps in our product portfolio, particularly 3G products.

 

The segment incurred an operating loss of $1.2 billion in 2007, compared to operating earnings of $2.7 billion in 2006. The operating loss was primarily due to a decrease in gross margin, driven by: (i) a 9% decrease in ASP, (ii) decreased income from intellectual property and technology licensing, (iii) a 27% decrease in unit shipments, and (iv) a $277 million charge for a legal settlement with Freescale Semiconductor, partially offset by savings from supply chain cost-reduction initiatives.

 

Research and development (“R&D”) expenditures increased, driven by increased expenditures on developmental engineering for new products and software, as well as ongoing investment in next-generation technologies, partially offset by savings from cost-reduction initiatives. The segment’s industry typically experiences short life cycles for new products. Therefore, it is vital to the segment’s success that new, compelling products are constantly introduced. Accordingly, a strong commitment to R&D is required to fuel long-term growth. Reorganization of business charges increased due to employee severance costs and expenses related to the exit of a

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

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facility. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses decreased primarily due to lower marketing expenses and savings from cost-reduction initiatives, partially offset by increased expenditures on information technology upgrades. As a percentage of net sales in 2007 as compared to 2006, gross margin and operating margin decreased, and SG&A expenses and R&D expenditures increased.

 

The segment’s backlog was $647 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2006. This decrease in backlog is primarily due to a decline in customer demand driven by the gaps in the segment’s product portfolio.

 

The segment shipped 159.1 million units in 2007, a 27% decrease compared to shipments of 217.4 million units in 2006. The overall decrease reflects decreased unit shipments of products for all technologies. For the full year 2007, unit shipments: (i) decreased substantially in Asia and EMEA, (ii) decreased in North America, and (iii) increased in Latin America. Although unit shipments by the segment decreased in 2007, total unit shipments in the worldwide handset market increased by 16%. The segment estimates its worldwide market share to be approximately 14% for the full year 2007, a decrease of approximately 8 percentage points versus full year 2006.

 

In 2007, ASP decreased approximately 9% compared to 2006. The overall decrease in ASP was driven primarily by changes in the product-tier and geographic mix of sales. By comparison, ASP decreased approximately 11% in 2006 and 10% in 2005. ASP is impacted by numerous factors, including product mix, market conditions and competitive product offerings, and ASP trends often vary over time.

 

The largest of the segment’s end customers (including sales through distributors) are Sprint Nextel, AT&T, Verizon, China Mobile, and America Movil. In 2007, aggregate net sales to these five customers accounted for approximately 42% of the segment’s net sales in 2007. Besides selling directly to carriers and operators, the segment also sells products through a variety of third-party distributors and retailers, which account for approximately 33% of the segment’s net sales. The largest of these distributors is Brightstar Corporation. The loss of any of the segment’s key customers could have a significant impact on the segment’s business.

 

Although the U.S. market continued to be the segment’s largest individual market, many of our customers, and more than 54% of our segment’s 2007 net sales, were outside the U.S. The largest of these international markets are Brazil, China and Mexico.

 

In January 2008, the Company announced that it is evaluating alternatives for the structural and strategic realignment of the Mobile Devices business to better equip it to recapture global market leadership and enhance shareholder value. This may include the separation of the Mobile Devices business from Motorola’s other businesses to permit each to grow and better serve their customers.

 

Segment Results—2006 Compared to 2005

 

In 2006, the segment’s net sales increased 32% to $28.4 billion, compared to $21.5 billion in 2005. The increase in net sales was driven by a 49% increase in unit shipments, primarily driven by strong demand for GSM and CDMA handsets, partially offset by an 11% decrease in average selling price (“ASP”). On a product technology basis, net sales of products for GSM and CDMA technologies increased and net sales of products for iDEN and 3G technologies decreased. On a geographic basis, net sales increased in all regions.

 

The segment’s operating earnings increased to $2.7 billion in 2006, compared to operating earnings of $2.2 billion in 2005. The 23% increase in operating earnings was primarily due to an increase in gross margin, driven primarily by: (i) the 49% increase in unit shipments, (ii) savings from supply chain cost-reduction initiatives, and (iii) increased income from intellectual property and technology licensing, partially offset by the 11% decline in ASP. The increase in gross margin was partially offset by: (i) an increase in SG&A expenses, primarily driven by an increase in marketing expenses to support higher net sales and promote brand awareness, and (ii) an increase in R&D expenditures, as a result of an increase in developmental engineering for new product development and software, as well as ongoing investment in next-generation technologies. As a percentage of net sales in 2006 as compared to 2005, gross margin, R&D expenditures and operating margin decreased and SG&A expenses increased.

 

The segment’s backlog was $1.4 billion at December 31, 2006, compared to $3.0 billion at December 31, 2005. This decrease in backlog is primarily due to an unusually high level of backlog at December 31, 2005 due to strong customer demand for new products during the fourth quarter of 2005, certain of which were unable to be shipped in significant quantities due to supply constraints for select components.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Unit shipments increased 49% to 217.4 million units in 2006, compared to 146.0 million units in 2005. The overall increase was driven by increased unit shipments of products for GSM, CDMA and 3G technologies, partially offset by decreased unit shipments of products for iDEN technology. For the full year 2006, unit shipments by the segment increased in all regions. Due to the segment’s increase in unit shipments outpacing overall growth in the worldwide handset market, which grew approximately 20% in 2006, the segment believes that it expanded its global handset market share to an estimated 22% for the full year 2006.

 

In 2006, ASP decreased approximately 11% compared to 2005. The overall decrease in ASP was driven primarily by changes in the geographic and product-tier mix of sales. By comparison, ASP decreased approximately 10% in 2005 and increased approximately 15% in 2004. ASP is impacted by numerous factors, including product mix, market conditions and competitive product offerings, and ASP trends often vary over time.

 

In 2006, the largest of the segment’s end customers (including sales through distributors) were China Mobile, Verizon, Sprint Nextel, Cingular, and T-Mobile. These five largest customers accounted for approximately 39% of the segment’s net sales in 2006. Besides selling directly to carriers and operators, the segment also sold products through a variety of third-party distributors and retailers, which accounted for approximately 38% of the segment’s net sales. The largest of these distributors was Brightstar Corporation.

 

Although the U.S. market continued to be the segment’s largest individual market, many of our customers, and more than 65% of the segment’s 2006 net sales, were outside the U.S. The largest of these international markets were China, Brazil, the United Kingdom and Mexico.

 

Home and Networks Mobility Segment

 

The Home and Networks Mobility segment designs, manufactures, sells, installs and services: (i) digital video, Internet Protocol (“IP”) video and broadcast network interactive set-tops (“digital entertainment devices”), end-to-end video delivery solutions, broadband access infrastructure systems, and associated data and voice customer premise equipment (“broadband gateways”) to cable television and telecom service providers (collectively, referred to as the “home business”), and (ii) wireless access systems (“wireless networks”), including cellular infrastructure systems and wireless broadband systems, to wireless service providers. In 2007, the segment’s net sales represented 27% of the Company’s consolidated net sales, compared to 21% in 2006 and 26% in 2005.

 

 

Segment Results—2007 Compared to 2006

 

In 2007, the segment’s net sales increased 9% to $10.0 billion, compared to $9.2 billion in 2006. The 9% increase in net sales reflects a 27% increase in net sales in the home business, partially offset by a 1% decrease in net sales of wireless networks. Net sales of digital entertainment devices increased approximately 43%, reflecting increased demand for digital set-tops, including HD/DVR set-tops and IP set-tops, partially offset by a decline in ASP due to a product mix shift towards all-digital set-tops. Unit shipments of digital entertainment devices increased 51% to 15.2 million units. Net sales of broadband gateways increased approximately 6%, primarily due to higher net sales of data modems, driven by net sales from the Netopia business acquired in February 2007. Net sales of wireless networks decreased 1%, primarily driven by lower net sales of iDEN and CDMA infrastructure equipment, partially offset by higher net sales of GSM infrastructure equipment, despite competitive pricing pressure.

 

On a geographic basis, the 9% increase in net sales reflects higher net sales in all geographic regions. The increase in net sales in North America was driven primarily by higher sales of digital entertainment devices, partially offset by lower net sales of iDEN and CDMA infrastructure equipment. The increase in net sales in Asia was primarily due to higher net sales of GSM infrastructure equipment, partially offset by lower net sales of CDMA infrastructure equipment. The increase in net sales in EMEA was, primarily due to higher net sales of GSM infrastructure equipment, partially offset by lower demand for iDEN and CDMA infrastructure equipment. Net sales in North America continue to comprise a significant portion of the segment’s business, accounting for 52% of the segment’s total net sales in 2007, compared to 56% of the segment’s total net sales in 2006.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The segment reported operating earnings of $709 million in 2007, compared to operating earnings of $787 million in 2006. The decrease in operating earnings was primarily due to a decrease in gross margin, driven by: (i) lower net sales of iDEN infrastructure equipment, and (ii) continued competitive pricing pressure in the market for GSM infrastructure equipment, partially offset by: (i) increased net sales of digital entertainment devices, and (ii) the reversal of reorganization of business accruals recorded in 2006 relating to employee severance which are no longer needed. SG&A expenses increased primarily due to the expenses from recently acquired businesses, partially offset by savings from cost-reduction initiatives. R&D expenditures decreased primarily due to savings from cost-reduction initiatives, partially offset by expenditures by recently acquired businesses and continued investment in digital entertainment devices and WiMAX. As a percentage of net sales in 2007 as compared to 2006, gross margin, SG&A expenses, R&D expenditures and operating margin all decreased. The segment’s gross margin percentages differ among its services, software and equipment products. Accordingly, the aggregate gross margin of the segment can fluctuate from period to period depending upon the relative mix of sales in the given period.

 

Due to the nature of the segment’s business, many of the agreements we enter into are long-term contracts that require sizeable investments by our customers. The segment is dependent upon a small number of customers for a significant portion of its sales. A small number of large cable television multiple system operators (“MSOs”) own a large portion of the cable systems and account for a significant portion of the total capital spending in the cable industry. In 2007, sales to our top five customers (Comcast; Verizon; KDDI, a service provider in Japan; China Mobile; and Sprint Nextel) represented approximately 43% of the segments net sales. The loss of one of these major customers could have a significant impact on the segment’s business and, because many of these contracts are long-term in nature, could impact revenue and earnings over several quarters. The segment’s backlog was $2.6 billion at December 31, 2007, compared to $3.2 billion at December 31, 2006.

 

In the home business, demand for the segment’s products depends primarily on the level of capital spending by broadband operators for constructing, rebuilding or upgrading their communications systems, and for offering advanced services. During the second quarter of 2007, the segment began shipping digital set-tops that support the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”)—mandated separable security requirement. FCC regulations mandating the separation of security functionality from set-tops went into effect on July 1, 2007. As a result of these regulations, many cable service providers accelerated their purchases of set-tops in the first half of 2007. Additionally, in 2007, our digital video customers significantly increased their purchases of the segment’s products and services, primarily due to increased demand for digital video set-tops, particularly HD/DVR set-tops.

 

In the wireless networks business, the segment has been a long-standing proponent of WiMAX and is now participating in over 40 WiMAX trials globally and several commercial contracts globally. The segment also maintained momentum in infrastructure development and services in 2007 by continuing to deliver outstanding technologies and services for wireless and wireline carriers.

 

During 2007, the segment completed the acquisitions of: (i) Netopia, Inc., a broadband equipment provider for DSL customers, which allows for phone, TV and fast Internet connections, (ii) Tut Systems, Inc., a leading developer of edge routing and video encoders, (iii) Modulus Video, Inc., a provider of MPEG-4 Advanced Coding compression systems designed for delivery of high-value video content in IP set-top devices for the digital video, broadcast and satellite marketplaces, (iv) Terayon Communication Systems, Inc., a provider of real-time digital video networking applications to cable, satellite and telecommunication service providers worldwide, and (v) Leapstone Systems, Inc., a provider of intelligent multimedia service delivery and content management solutions to networks operators. These acquisitions enhance our ability to provide a complete end-to-end solution for the delivery of advanced video, voice and data services. In December 2007, Motorola completed the sale of its embedded communication computing business to Emerson for $346 million in cash.

 

Segment Results—2006 Compared to 2005

 

In 2006, the segment’s net sales increased 1% to $9.2 billion, compared to $9.0 billion in 2005. The 1% increase in net sales reflected a 16% increase in net sales in the home business, partially offset by a 5% decrease in net sales of wireless networks. Net sales of digital entertainment devices increased approximately 24%, reflecting increased demand for HD/DVR set-tops, partially offset by a decline in ASP due to a product mix shift. Unit shipments of digital entertainment devices increased 57% to 10.1 million units. Net sales of broadband gateways increased approximately 18%, primarily due to: (i) increased unit shipments of cable modems, and (ii) increased ASPs for cable modems, reflecting increased demand for advanced voice-enabled modems. Net sales of wireless networks decreased 5%, primarily driven by lower demand for GSM, iDEN and CDMA infrastructure equipment.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

On a geographic basis, the 1% increase in net sales reflects higher net sales in North America and EMEA, partially offset by lower net sales in Asia. The increase in net sales in North America was driven primarily by higher sales of digital entertainment devices, partially offset by lower demand for iDEN infrastructure equipment driven by customer expenditures returning to historic trends compared to an exceptionally strong 2005. The increase in net sales in EMEA was driven primarily by higher sales of digital entertainment devices. The decrease in net sales in Asia was due, in part, to delays in the granting of 3G licenses in China that led service providers to slow their near-term capital investment, as well as competitive pricing pressure. Net sales in North America continued to comprise a significant portion of the segment’s business, accounting for approximately 56% of the segment’s total net sales in 2006, compared to approximately 55% of the segment’s total net sales in 2005.

 

The segment reported operating earnings of $787 million in 2006, compared to operating earnings of $1.2 billion in 2005. The 36% decrease in operating earnings was primarily due to: (i) a decrease in gross margin, due to an unfavorable product/regional mix and competitive pricing in the wireless networks market, and (ii) an increase in Other charges (income) from an increase in reorganization of business charges, primarily related to employee severance, and from a legal reserve. As a percentage of net sales in 2006 as compared to 2005, gross margin, SG&A expenses, R&D expenditures and operating margin all decreased.

 

In 2006, net sales to the segment’s top five customers, which included Sprint Nextel, Comcast Corporation, Verizon, KDDI and China Mobile, represented 45% of the segment’s total net sales. The segment’s backlog was $3.2 billion at December 31, 2006, compared to $2.4 billion at December 31, 2005. The increase in backlog is primarily due to strong orders for our digital and HD/DVR set-tops.

 

In the market for digital entertainment devices, demand for the segment’s products depends primarily on the level of capital spending by broadband operators for constructing, rebuilding or upgrading their communications systems, and for offering advanced services. In 2006, our digital video customers significantly increased their purchases of the segment’s products and services, primarily due to increased demand for digital video set-tops, particularly HD/DVR set-tops.

 

During 2006, the segment completed a number of significant acquisitions, including: (i) Kreatel Communications AB, a leading developer of innovative IP-based digital set-tops and software, (ii) NextNet Wireless, Inc., a former Clearwire Corporation subsidiary and a leading provider of OFDM-based non-line-of-sight (“NLOS”) wireless broadband infrastructure equipment, (iii) Broadbus Technologies, Inc., a provider of technology solutions for television on demand, and (iv) Vertasent LLC, a software developer for managing technology elements for switched digital video networks. These acquisitions did not have a material impact on the segment results in 2006.

 

Enterprise Mobility Solutions Segment

 

The Enterprise Mobility Solutions segment designs, manufactures, sells, installs and services analog and digital two-way radio, voice and data communications products and systems for private networks, wireless broadband systems and end-to-end enterprise mobility solutions to a wide range of enterprise markets, including government and public safety agencies (which, together with all sales to distributors of two-way communications products, are referred to as the “government and public safety market”), as well as retail, utility, transportation, manufacturing, healthcare and other commercial customers (which, collectively, are referred to as the “commercial enterprise market”). In 2007, the segment’s net sales represented 21% of the Company’s consolidated net sales, compared to 13% in 2006 and 14% in 2005.

 

 

Segment Results—2007 Compared to 2006

 

In 2007, the segment’s net sales increased 43% to $7.7 billion, compared to $5.4 billion in 2006. The 43% increase in net sales was primarily due to increased net sales in the commercial enterprise market, driven by the net sales from the Symbol business acquired in January 2007. Net sales in the government and public safety market increased 6%, primarily due to strong demand in North America. On a geographic basis, net sales increased in all regions.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The segment reported operating earnings of $1.2 billion in 2007, compared to operating earnings of $958 million in 2006. The increase in operating earnings was primarily due to an increase in gross margin in both: (i) the commercial enterprise market, driven by net sales from the Symbol business acquired in January 2007, and (ii) the government and public safety market, driven by strong net sales in North America. This improvement in gross margin was partially offset by: (i) an inventory-related charge in connection with the acquisition of Symbol, and (ii) an increase in SG&A and R&D expenses, primarily due to expenses from recently acquired businesses, partially offset by savings from cost-reduction initiatives. As a percentage of net sales in 2007 as compared 2006, gross margin, R&D expenditures and operating margin decreased, and SG&A expenses increased.

 

Net sales in North America continue to comprise a significant portion of the segment’s business, accounting for approximately 62% of the segment’s net sales in 2007, compared to approximately 63% in 2006. Our products and services are sold worldwide to a diverse set of customers, including customers involved in: government and public safety (police, fire, emergency management services), military, utilities, retail, transportation and logistics, manufacturing, wholesale and distribution, and healthcare. The segment’s backlog was $2.3 billion at December 31, 2007, compared to $2.0 billion at December 31, 2006.

 

In the government and public safety market, natural disasters and terrorist-related worldwide events continued to place an emphasis on mission-critical communications systems. Spending by the segment’s government and public safety market customers is affected by government budgets at the national, state and local levels. The scope and size of systems requested by some of the segment’s customers continue to increase, including requests for country-wide and statewide systems. These larger systems are more complex and include a wide range of capabilities. Large-system projects impact how contracts are bid, which companies compete for bids, and how companies partner on projects.

 

During 2007, the Company completed the acquisition of: (i) Symbol Technologies, Inc., a leader in designing, developing, manufacturing and servicing products and systems used in end-to-end enterprise mobility solutions, and (ii) Good Technology, Inc., a provider of enterprise mobile computing software and services. In January 2008, the segment acquired a controlling interest in Vertex Standard Co., Ltd., a global provider of two-way radio communication solutions.

 

Segment Results—2006 Compared to 2005

 

In 2006, the segment’s net sales increased 7% to $5.4 billion, compared to $5.0 billion in 2005. The 7% increase in net sales was primarily due to increased net sales in the government and public safety market, driven by increased demand for enhanced mission-critical communications systems. The net sales in the commercial enterprise market increased 14%, primarily due to increased demand for business-critical communications. On a geographic basis, net sales increased in all regions.

 

The segment reported operating earnings of $958 million in 2006, compared to operating earnings of $860 million in 2005. The increase in operating earnings was primarily due to the increase in gross margin, driven by the 7% increase in net sales from the government and public safety market. This improvement in gross margin was partially offset by: (i) an increase in reorganization of business charges, primarily related to employee severance, and (ii) an increase in R&D expenses, driven by increased investment in next-generation technologies across the segment. As a percentage of net sales in 2007 as compared 2006, gross margin, R&D expenditures and operating margin increased, and SG&A expenses decreased.

 

Net sales in North America continued to comprise a significant portion of the segment’s business, accounting for approximately 63% of the segment’s total net sales in 2006, compared to approximately 66% in 2005. The segment’s backlog was $2.0 billion at December 31, 2006, compared to $2.1 billion at December 31, 2005.

 

Significant Accounting Policies

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience, current economic and industry conditions and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. This forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management believes the following significant accounting policies require significant judgment and estimates:

 

— Revenue recognition

 

— Inventory valuation reserves

 

— Taxes on income

 

— Valuation of Sigma Fund, investments and long-lived assets

 

— Restructuring activities

 

— Retirement-related benefits

 

Revenue Recognition

 

The Company’s arrangements with customers may differ in nature and complexity and may contain multiple deliverables, including products, equipment, services and software that may be essential to the functionality of the other deliverables, which requires the Company to make judgments and estimates in recognizing revenues.

 

Product and equipment sales may contain discounts, price protection, return provisions and other customer incentives. The Company’s recorded revenues are reduced by allowances for these items at the time the sales are recorded. The allowances are based on management’s best estimate of the amount of allowances that the customer will ultimately earn and is based on historical experience taking into account the type of products sold, the type of customer and the type of transaction specific to each arrangement. Where customer incentives cannot be reliably estimated, the Company recognizes revenue at the time the product sells through the distribution channel to the end customer.

 

The Company’s long-term contracts may involve the design, engineering, manufacturing and installation of wireless and wireline networks and two-way radio voice and data systems. These systems are designed to meet specific customer requirements and specifications and generally require extended periods to complete. If the Company can reliably estimate revenues and contract costs and the technology is considered proven, revenue is recognized under the percentage of completion method as work progresses towards completion; otherwise, the revenue is recognized under the completed contract method. Estimates of contract revenues, contract costs and progress towards completion are based on estimates that consider historical experience and other factors believed to be relevant under the circumstances. Management regularly reviews these estimates and considers the impact of recurring business risks and uncertainties inherent in the contracts, such as system performance and implementation delays due to factors within or outside the control of management.

 

Generally, multiple element arrangements are separated into specific accounting units when: (i) delivered elements have value to the customer on a stand-alone basis, (ii) objective and reliable evidence of fair value exists for the undelivered element(s), and (iii) delivery of the undelivered element(s) is probable and substantially within the control of the Company. Total arrangement consideration is allocated to the separate accounting units based on their relative fair values (if the fair value of each accounting unit is known) or using the residual method (if the fair value of the undelivered element(s) is known). Revenue is recognized for a separate accounting unit when the revenue recognition criteria are met for that unit. In certain situations, judgment is required in determining both the number of accounting units and fair value of the elements, although generally the fair value of an element can be objectively determined if the Company sells the element on a stand-alone basis. Multiple element arrangements that include software are separated into more than one unit of accounting when the following criteria are met: (i)  the functionality of the delivered element(s) is not dependent on the undelivered element(s), (ii) there is vendor-specific objective evidence of the fair value of the undelivered element(s), and (iii) general revenue recognition criteria related to the delivered element(s) have been met.

 

Changes in cost estimates and the fair values of certain deliverables could negatively impact the Company’s operating results. In addition, unforeseen conditions could arise over the contract term that may have a significant impact on operating results.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Inventory Valuation Reserves

 

The Company records valuation reserves on its inventory for estimated obsolescence or non-marketability. The amount of the reserve is equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. On a quarterly basis, management in each segment performs an analysis of the underlying inventory to identify reserves needed for excess and obsolescence and, for the remaining inventory, assesses the net realizable value. Management uses its best judgment to estimate appropriate reserves based on this analysis.

 

Inventories consisted of the following:

 

 

The Company balances the need to maintain strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive delivery performance to its customers against the risk of inventory obsolescence due to rapidly changing technology and customer requirements. As reflected above, the Company’s inventory reserves represented 12% of the gross inventory balance at both December 31, 2007 and 2006. The Company has inventory reserves for pending cancellations of product lines due to technology changes, long-life cycle products, lifetime buys at the end of supplier production runs, business exits, and a shift of production to outsourcing.

 

If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory writedowns may be required. Likewise, as with other reserves based on management’s judgment, if the reserve is no longer needed, amounts are reversed into income. There were no significant reversals into income of this type in the periods presented.

 

Taxes on Income